Ontology for Modeling and Representation of Social Entities
type: Ontology
version IRI: omrse.owl
contributor: Barry Smith
contributor: Chris Stoeckert
contributor: Daniel Welch
contributor: Jie Zheng
contributor: John W. Judkins
contributor: Matthew Diller
contributor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: Sam Smith
contributor: Sarah Bost
contributor: Selja Seppälä
contributor: William D. Duncan
contributor: Yongqun He
creator: Amanda Hicks
creator: Mathias Brochhausen
creator: Shariq Tariq
creator: Swetha Garimalla
creator: William Hogan
creator: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9881-1017
description: The Ontology for Modeling and Representation of Social Entities (OMRSE) is an OBO Foundry ontology that represents the various entities that arise from human social interactions, such as social acts, social roles, social groups, and organizations.
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
comment: This ontology grew out of efforts to represent the reality underlying the demographic information required by the US federal government's "meaningful use" criteria for electronic medical records and a presentation by Dr. William Hogan at the Electronic Health Record of the Future conference in Buffalo, NY http://ontology.buffalo.edu/EHR/Demographics_Hogan_Buffalo_2010_09_22.ppt
version info: 2026-01-06

BFO OWL specification label
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: Relates an entity in the ontology to the name of the variable that is used to represent it in the code that generates the BFO OWL file from the lispy specification.
curator note: Really of interest to developers only
sub property of: label

BFO CLIF specification label
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: Relates an entity in the ontology to the term that is used to represent it in the the CLIF specification of BFO2
definition source: Person:Alan Ruttenberg
curator note: Really of interest to developers only
sub property of: label

editor preferred term
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: editor preferred term
has curation status: ready for release
definition: The concise, meaningful, and human-friendly name for a class or property preferred by the ontology developers. (US-English)
definition editor: PERSON:Daniel Schober
definition source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
label: editor preferred label

example of usage
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: example of usage
has curation status: ready for release
definition: A phrase describing how a term should be used and/or a citation to a work which uses it. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding, such as widely know prototypes or instances of a class, or cases where a relation is said to hold.
definition editor: PERSON:Daniel Schober
definition source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>

in branch
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: in branch
definition: An annotation property indicating which module the terms belong to. This is currently experimental and not implemented yet.
definition editor: GROUP:OBI
definition source: OBI_0000277

has curation status
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: has curation status
definition editor: PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg
definition editor: PERSON:Bill Bug
definition editor: PERSON:Melanie Courtot

definition
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: definition
has curation status: ready for release
definition: The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions.
editor note: 2012-04-05: Barry Smith The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property: 'Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions' is terrible. Can you fix to something like: A statement of necessary and sufficient conditions explaining the meaning of an expression referring to a class or property. Alan Ruttenberg Your proposed definition is a reasonable candidate, except that it is very common that necessary and sufficient conditions are not given. Mostly they are necessary, occasionally they are necessary and sufficient or just sufficient. Often they use terms that are not themselves defined and so they effectively can't be evaluated by those criteria. On the specifics of the proposed definition: We don't have definitions of 'meaning' or 'expression' or 'property'. For 'reference' in the intended sense I think we use the term 'denotation'. For 'expression', I think we you mean symbol, or identifier. For 'meaning' it differs for class and property. For class we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine whether an entity is instance of the class, or not. For property we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine, given a pair of potential relata, whether the assertion that the relation holds is true. The 'intended reader' part suggests that we also specify who, we expect, would be able to understand the definition, and also generalizes over human and computer reader to include textual and logical definition. Personally, I am more comfortable weakening definition to documentation, with instructions as to what is desirable. We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to different audiences. A clinical audience reading chebi wants a different sort of definition documentation/definition from a chemistry trained audience, and similarly there is a need for a definition that is adequate for an ontologist to work with.
definition editor: PERSON:Daniel Schober
definition source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
label: textual definition

editor note
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: editor note
has curation status: ready for release
definition: An administrative note intended for its editor. It may not be included in the publication version of the ontology, so it should contain nothing necessary for end users to understand the ontology.
definition editor: PERSON:Daniel Schober
definition source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obofoundry.org/obo/obi>

definition editor
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: term editor
has curation status: ready for release
definition: Name of editor entering the term in the file. The term editor is a point of contact for information regarding the term. The term editor may be, but is not always, the author of the definition, which may have been worked upon by several people
editor note: 20110707, MC: label update to term editor and definition modified accordingly. See https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/115.
definition editor: PERSON:Daniel Schober
definition source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
label: term editor

alternative label
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: alternative label
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: A label for a class or property that can be used to refer to the class or property instead of the preferred rdfs:label. Alternative labels should be used to indicate community- or context-specific labels, abbreviations, shorthand forms and the like.
definition editor: OBO Operations committee
definition editor: PERSON:Daniel Schober
definition source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
comment: Consider re-defing to: An alternative name for a class or property which can mean the same thing as the preferred name (semantically equivalent, narrow, broad or related).
label: alternative term

definition source
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: definition source
has curation status: ready for release
definition: Formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007
definition editor: PERSON:Daniel Schober
definition source: Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w
definition source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>

has obsolescence reason
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: has obsolescence reason
definition: Relates an annotation property to an obsolescence reason. The values of obsolescence reasons come from a list of predefined terms, instances of the class obsolescence reason specification.
definition editor: PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg
definition editor: PERSON:Melanie Courtot

curator note
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: curator note
has curation status: ready for release
definition: An administrative note of use for a curator but of no use for a user
definition editor: PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg

term tracker item
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: term tracker item
example of usage: the URI for an OBI Terms ticket at sourceforge, such as https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/772/
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: An IRI or similar locator for a request or discussion of an ontology term.
definition editor: Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg
definition source: Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg
comment: The 'tracker item' can associate a tracker with a specific ontology term.

ontology term requester
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: ontology term requester
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: The name of the person, project, or organization that motivated inclusion of an ontology term by requesting its addition.
definition editor: Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg
definition source: Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg
comment: The 'term requester' can credit the person, organization or project who request the ontology term.

is denotator type
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: is denotator type
definition: Relates an class defined in an ontology, to the type of it's denotator
editor note: In OWL 2 add AnnotationPropertyRange('is denotator type' 'denotator type')
definition editor: Alan Ruttenberg

imported from
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: imported from
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: For external terms/classes, the ontology from which the term was imported
definition editor: PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg
definition editor: PERSON:Melanie Courtot
definition source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>

expand expression to
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: expand expression to
example of usage: ObjectProperty: RO_0002104 Label: has plasma membrane part Annotations: IAO_0000424 "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some (http://purl.org/obo/owl/GO#GO_0005886 and http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some ?Y)"
definition: A macro expansion tag applied to an object property (or possibly a data property) which can be used by a macro-expansion engine to generate more complex expressions from simpler ones
definition editor: Chris Mungall

expand assertion to
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: expand assertion to
example of usage: ObjectProperty: RO??? Label: spatially disjoint from Annotations: expand_assertion_to "DisjointClasses: (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some ?X) (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some ?Y)"
definition: A macro expansion tag applied to an annotation property which can be expanded into a more detailed axiom.
definition editor: Chris Mungall

first order logic expression
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: first order logic expression
definition editor: PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg

antisymmetric property
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: antisymmetric property
example of usage: part_of antisymmetric property xsd:true
definition: Use boolean value xsd:true to indicate that the property is an antisymmetric property
definition editor: Alan Ruttenberg
sub property of: logical characteristic of object property

OBO foundry unique label
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: OBO foundry unique label
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: An alternative name for a class or property which is unique across the OBO Foundry.
editor note: The intended usage of that property is as follow: OBO foundry unique labels are automatically generated based on regular expressions provided by each ontology, so that SO could specify unique label = 'sequence ' + [label], etc. , MA could specify 'mouse + [label]' etc. Upon importing terms, ontology developers can choose to use the 'OBO foundry unique label' for an imported term or not. The same applies to tools .
definition editor: PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg
definition editor: PERSON:Bjoern Peters
definition editor: PERSON:Chris Mungall
definition editor: PERSON:Melanie Courtot
definition source: GROUP:OBO Foundry <http://obofoundry.org/>

has ID digit count
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: has ID digit count
example of usage: Ontology: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/idrange/> Annotations: 'has ID prefix': "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_" 'has ID digit count' : 7, rdfs:label "RO id policy" 'has ID policy for': "RO"
definition: Relates an ontology used to record id policy to the number of digits in the URI. The URI is: the 'has ID prefix" annotation property value concatenated with an integer in the id range (left padded with "0"s to make this many digits)
definition editor: Person:Alan Ruttenberg

has ID range allocated to
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: has ID range allocated
example of usage: Datatype: idrange:1 Annotations: 'has ID range allocated to': "Chris Mungall" EquivalentTo: xsd:integer[> 2151 , <= 2300]
definition: Relates a datatype that encodes a range of integers to the name of the person or organization who can use those ids constructed in that range to define new terms
definition editor: Person:Alan Ruttenberg

has ID policy for
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: has ID policy for
example of usage: Ontology: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/idrange/> Annotations: 'has ID prefix': "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_" 'has ID digit count' : 7, rdfs:label "RO id policy" 'has ID policy for': "RO"
definition: Relating an ontology used to record id policy to the ontology namespace whose policy it manages
definition editor: Person:Alan Ruttenberg

has ID prefix
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: has ID prefix
example of usage: Ontology: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/idrange/> Annotations: 'has ID prefix': "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_" 'has ID digit count' : 7, rdfs:label "RO id policy" 'has ID policy for': "RO"
definition: Relates an ontology used to record id policy to a prefix concatenated with an integer in the id range (left padded with "0"s to make this many digits) to construct an ID for a term being created.
definition editor: Person:Alan Ruttenberg

elucidation
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: elucidation
definition editor: person:Alan Ruttenberg
definition source: Person:Barry Smith
elucidation: Primitive terms in a highest-level ontology such as BFO are terms which are so basic to our understanding of reality that there is no way of defining them in a non-circular fashion. For these, therefore, we can provide only elucidations, supplemented by examples and by axioms

has associated axiom(nl)
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: has associated axiom(nl)
definition editor: Person:Alan Ruttenberg
definition source: Person:Alan Ruttenberg
elucidation: An axiom associated with a term expressed using natural language

has associated axiom(fol)
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: has associated axiom(fol)
definition editor: Person:Alan Ruttenberg
definition source: Person:Alan Ruttenberg
elucidation: An axiom expressed in first order logic using CLIF syntax

is allocated id range
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: is allocated id range
definition: Relates an ontology IRI to an (inclusive) range of IRIs in an OBO name space. The range is give as, e.g. "IAO_0020000-IAO_0020999"
definition editor: PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg
comment: Add as annotation triples in the granting ontology

retired from use as of
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: retired from use as of
definition: relates a class of CRID to the date after which further instances should not be made, according to the central authority
editor note: In OWL 2 add AnnotationPropertyRange xsd:dateTimeStamp
definition editor: Alan Ruttenberg

has ontology root term
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: has ontology root term
definition: Ontology annotation property. Relates an ontology to a term that is a designated root term of the ontology. Display tools like OLS can use terms annotated with this property as the starting point for rendering the ontology class hierarchy. There can be more than one root.
definition editor: Nicolas Matentzoglu

may be identical to
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: may be identical to
definition: A annotation relationship between two terms in an ontology that may refer to the same (natural) type but where more evidence is required before terms are merged.
definition editor: David Osumi-Sutherland
term tracker item: #40
ontology term requester: VFB
comment: Edges asserting this should be annotated with to record evidence supporting the assertion and its provenance.

scheduled for obsoletion on or after
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: scheduled for obsoletion on or after
definition: Used when the class or object is scheduled for obsoletion/deprecation on or after a particular date.
definition editor: Chris Mungall, Jie Zheng
term tracker item: https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/15532
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/32
ontology term requester: GO ontology
range: dateTime

has axiom label
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: has axiom id
definition editor: Person:Alan Ruttenberg
definition source: Person:Alan Ruttenberg
elucidation: A URI that is intended to be unique label for an axiom used for tracking change to the ontology. For an axiom expressed in different languages, each expression is given the same URI

term replaced by
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: term replaced by
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: Use on obsolete terms, relating the term to another term that can be used as a substitute
definition editor: Person:Alan Ruttenberg
definition source: Person:Alan Ruttenberg
comment: Add as annotation triples in the granting ontology

has_MedDRA_id
type: AnnotationProperty

logical characteristic of object property
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: This is an annotation used on an object property to indicate a logical characterstic beyond what is possible in OWL.
definition source: OBO Operations call
created by: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432

defined by construct
type: AnnotationProperty
example of usage: 'part disjoint with' 'defined by construct' """ PREFIX owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> PREFIX : <http://example.org/ CONSTRUCT { [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :part_of ; owl:someValuesFrom ?a ; owl:disjointWith [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :part_of ; owl:someValuesFrom ?b ] ] } WHERE { ?a :part_disjoint_with ?b . }
definition: Links an annotation property to a SPARQL CONSTRUCT query which is meant to provide semantics for a shortcut relation.
term tracker item: https://github.com/ontodev/robot/issues/963
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7356-1779
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8688-6599

preferred label for community
type: AnnotationProperty
example of usage: The property is intended to be used exclusively on synonym assertions, to express that the synonym in question is the preference of a specific community. For example, one community may prefer to say call a disease "A" and another one "B" (but they are the same thing).
definition: A provenance property that denotes a synonym to be the preferred one for a specific community.
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/185
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7356-1779
created: 2025-06-02

abbreviation
type: AnnotationProperty
example of usage: CHEBI:26523 (reactive oxygen species) has an exact synonym (ROS), which is of type OMO:0003000 (abbreviation)
definition: A synonym type for describing abbreviations or initalisms
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/122
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4423-4370
created: 2023-03-03
sub property of: SynonymTypeProperty

ambiguous synonym
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: A synonym type for describing ambiguous synonyms
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/122
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4423-4370
created: 2023-03-03
sub property of: SynonymTypeProperty

dubious synonym
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: A synonym type for describing dubious synonyms
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/122
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4423-4370
created: 2023-03-03
sub property of: SynonymTypeProperty

layperson synonym
type: AnnotationProperty
example of usage: EFO:0006346 (severe cutaneous adverse reaction) has an exact synonym (scar), which is of the type OMO:0003003 (layperson synonym)
definition: A synonym type for describing layperson or colloquial synonyms
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/122
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4423-4370
created: 2023-03-03
sub property of: SynonymTypeProperty

plural form
type: AnnotationProperty
example of usage: CHEBI:23367 (molecular entity) has an exact synonym (molecular entities), which is of the type OMO:0003004 (plural form)
definition: A synonym type for describing pluralization synonyms
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/122
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4423-4370
created: 2023-03-03
sub property of: SynonymTypeProperty

UK spelling synonym
type: AnnotationProperty
example of usage: CHEBI:16189 (sulfate) has an exact synonym (sulphate), which is of the type OMO:0003005 (UK spelling synonym)
definition: A synonym type for describing UK spelling variants
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/122
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4423-4370
created: 2023-03-03
sub property of: SynonymTypeProperty

misspelling
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: A synonym type for common misspellings
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/132
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4423-4370
created: 2023-03-03
sub property of: SynonymTypeProperty

misnomer
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: A synonym type for misnomers, i.e., a synonym that is not technically correct but is commonly used anyway
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/133
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4423-4370
created: 2023-03-03
sub property of: SynonymTypeProperty

previous name
type: AnnotationProperty
example of usage: MAPT, the gene that encodes the Tau protein, has a previous name DDPAC. Note: in this case, the name type is more specifically the gene symbol.
definition: A synonym type for names that have been used as primary labels in the past.
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/139
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4423-4370
created: 2023-07-25
sub property of: SynonymTypeProperty

legal name
type: AnnotationProperty
example of usage: The legal name for Harvard University (https://ror.org/03vek6s52) is President and Fellows of Harvard College
definition: A synonym type for the legal entity name
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/141
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4423-4370
created: 2023-07-27
sub property of: SynonymTypeProperty

International Nonproprietary Name
type: AnnotationProperty
example of usage: CHEBI:46195 has been assigned the english International Nonproproprietary Name (INN) "paracetamol". In some cases such as this one, the INN might be the same as the ontology's primary label
definition: The International Nonproprietary Name (INN) is a standardize name for a pharmaceutical drug or active ingredient issued by the World Health Organization (WHO) meant to address the issues with country- or language-specific brand names. These are issued in several languages, including English, Latin, French, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, and Chinese.
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/149
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4423-4370
created: 2023-09-30
has_exact_synonym: INN
sub property of: SynonymTypeProperty

latin term
type: AnnotationProperty
example of usage: nasopharynx (UBERON:0001728) has the latin name "pars nasalis pharyngis
definition: A synonym type for describing Latin term synonyms.
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/146
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1773-2692
created: 2023-10-12
sub property of: SynonymTypeProperty

acronym
type: AnnotationProperty
example of usage: NASA is an word acronym for the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration because the acronym is pronounced. FBI is an initialism (also known as alphabetism) for the US Federal Bureau of Investigation since the letters are pronounced one at a time. JPEG is an acronym for Joint Photographic Experts Group but does not count as a word acronym nor an initialism since it is mixed how it is pronounced.
definition: A synonym type for describing abbreviations that are a part of the full name's words, such as initialisms or alphabetisms.
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/135
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4423-4370
created: 2023-11-01
sub property of: SynonymTypeProperty

has symbol
type: AnnotationProperty
example of usage: A serial number such as "12324X"; a stop sign; a written proper name such as "OBI
definition: An information content entity that is a mark(s) or character(s) used as a conventional representation of another entity.
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/144
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6523-4866
created: 2024-03-25

U.S. Census PUMS serial number
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: The PUMS serial number assigned to a housing unit, which is only unique within each state, and which explicitly links the housing unit record with person records in PUMS data.

ISO 639-1 code
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: ISO 639-1 code
definition editor: William R. Hogan
comment: ISO 639-1 assigns two-character identifiers to individual human languages. This annotation property is for use in annotating OWL2 individuals in OMRSE that represent languages with their appropriate ISO 639-1 code that designates them in that standard system.

ISO 639-2/B code
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: ISO 639-2/B code
definition editor: William R. Hogan
comment: ISO 639-2/B assigns three-character identifiers to individual human languages. This annotation property is for use in annotating OWL2 individuals in OMRSE that represent languages with their appropriate ISO 639-2/B ('B' is for "bibliographic applications") code that designates them in that standard system.

ISO 639-2/T code
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: ISO 639-2/T code
definition editor: William R. Hogan
comment: ISO 639-2/T assigns three-character identifiers to individual human languages. This annotation property is for use in annotating OWL2 individuals in OMRSE that represent languages with their appropriate ISO 639-2/T ('T' is for "terminology applications") code that designates them in that standard system.

ISO 639-3 code
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: ISO 639-3 code
definition editor: William R. Hogan
comment: ISO 639-3 assigns three-character identifiers to individual human languages. This annotation property is for use in annotating OWL2 individuals in OMRSE that represent languages with their appropriate ISO 639-3 code that designates them in that standard system.

OOSTT user-centered description
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: A description of an OOSTT class that is aimed at the OOSTT user community and not meant to be definition for use in ontology development, curation or maintenance.
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen

temporal interpretation
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: An assertion that holds between an OWL Object Property and a temporal interpretation that elucidates how OWL Class Axioms that use this property are to be interpreted in a temporal context.

has broad synonym
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: An alternative label for a class or property which has a more general meaning than the preferred name/primary label.
definition editor: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/18
sub property of: alternative label

has cross-reference
type: AnnotationProperty
example of usage: disease characteristic (MONDO:0021125) has cross-reference (http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#hasDbXref) "NCIT:C41009"^^xsd:string
definition: An annotation property that links an ontology entity or a statement to a prefixed identifier or URI.
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/123
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7356-1779
created: 2024-03-18

has_exact_synonym
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: An alternative label for a class or property which has the exact same meaning than the preferred name/primary label.
definition editor: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/20
label: has exact synonym
sub property of: alternative label

has narrow synonym
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: An alternative label for a class or property which has a more specific meaning than the preferred name/primary label.
definition editor: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/19
sub property of: alternative label

has related synonym
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: An alternative label for a class or property that has been used synonymously with the primary term name, but the usage is not strictly correct.
definition editor: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/21
sub property of: alternative label

part of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: overlaps
inverse of: has part
type: TransitiveProperty
editor preferred term: is part of
example of usage: my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities)
example of usage: my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity)
example of usage: this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood)
definition: a core relation that holds between a part and its whole
editor note: Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other.
editor note: Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/
editor note: Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'.
alternative label: part_of
temporal interpretation: RO_0001901

has part
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: overlaps
type: TransitiveProperty
editor preferred term: has part
example of usage: my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities)
example of usage: my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity)
example of usage: this year has part this day (occurrent parthood)
definition: a core relation that holds between a whole and its part
editor note: Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part.
editor note: Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/
editor note: Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'.
alternative label: has_part
temporal interpretation: RO_0001901

realized in
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: realizes
domain: realizable entity
range: process
editor preferred term: realized in
example of usage: this disease is realized in this disease course
example of usage: this fragility is realized in this shattering
example of usage: this investigator role is realized in this investigation
alternative label: is realized by
alternative label: realized_in
elucidation: [copied from inverse property 'realizes'] to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003])
comment: Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a realizable entity and a process, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process

realizes
type: ObjectProperty
domain: process
range: realizable entity
editor preferred term: realizes
example of usage: this disease course realizes this disease
example of usage: this investigation realizes this investigator role
example of usage: this shattering realizes this fragility
definition: Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a process and a realizable entity, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process
elucidation: to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003])
comment: Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a process and a realizable entity, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process

preceded by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: ends after
inverse of: precedes
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
property chain axiom: part of
editor preferred term: preceded by
definition: x is preceded by y if and only if the time point at which y ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which x starts. Formally: x preceded by y iff ω(y) <= α(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.
editor note: An example is: translation preceded_by transcription; aging preceded_by development (not however death preceded_by aging). Where derives_from links classes of continuants, preceded_by links classes of processes. Clearly, however, these two relations are not independent of each other. Thus if cells of type C1 derive_from cells of type C, then any cell division involving an instance of C1 in a given lineage is preceded_by cellular processes involving an instance of C. The assertion P preceded_by P1 tells us something about Ps in general: that is, it tells us something about what happened earlier, given what we know about what happened later. Thus it does not provide information pointing in the opposite direction, concerning instances of P1 in general; that is, that each is such as to be succeeded by some instance of P. Note that an assertion to the effect that P preceded_by P1 is rather weak; it tells us little about the relations between the underlying instances in virtue of which the preceded_by relation obtains. Typically we will be interested in stronger relations, for example in the relation immediately_preceded_by, or in relations which combine preceded_by with a condition to the effect that the corresponding instances of P and P1 share participants, or that their participants are connected by relations of derivation, or (as a first step along the road to a treatment of causality) that the one process in some way affects (for example, initiates or regulates) the other.
alternative label: is preceded by
alternative label: preceded_by
source: http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:preceded_by

precedes
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: temporally related to
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
property chain axiom: part of
editor preferred term: precedes
definition: x precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y iff ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.

occurs in
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: contains process
domain: occurrent
range: independent continuant
property chain axiom: part of
editor preferred term: occurs in
definition: b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t
alternative label: occurs_in
alternative label: unfolds in
alternative label: unfolds_in
comment: Paraphrase of definition: a relation between a process and an independent continuant, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant

contains process
type: ObjectProperty
editor preferred term: site of
definition: [copied from inverse property 'occurs in'] b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t
comment: Paraphrase of definition: a relation between an independent continuant and a process, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant

has measurement unit label
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has part
type: FunctionalProperty
range: measurement unit label

obsolete_specifically denotes
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: ObsoleteProperty
example of usage: The process of creation is, for example, writing down on paper the name of a friend by deliberately creating a certain pattern using ink. Here the ink + paper is the independent continuant and the carrier is the pattern in the ink. c = pattern in the ink b = paper + ink r = friend
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: c specifically denotes r =def r is a portion of reality & c is a particular quality & c depends specifically on some independent continuant b & b acquired c as the result of the achievement of an objective to enable pointing to r repeatedly. Marked means there is a changed or additional quality of the bearer - the quality is the information carrier. Case 1 Memory trace as mark created when reading some description of some friend. The trace can denote. Case 2 Pattern of ink arrayed on paper as mark when writing down a friend's name Case 3 Pattern of magnetic domains on scattered pieces of a hard disk platter as mark when saving a file.
editor note: 8/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg: The suggestions is to deprecate specific and generically denotes in favor of a single denote relationship that corresponds to the generic sense
editor note: see https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/25&q=denote
definition editor: Alan Ruttenberg
definition source: Smith, Ceusters, Ruttenberg, 2000 years of philosophy
has obsolescence reason: failed exploratory term
deprecated: true

is about
type: ObjectProperty
domain: information content entity
example of usage: This document is about information artifacts and their representations
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: A (currently) primitive relation that relates an information artifact to an entity.
editor note: 7/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg. Following discussion with Jonathan Rees, and introduction of "mentions" relation. Weaken the is_about relationship to be primitive. We will try to build it back up by elaborating the various subproperties that are more precisely defined. Some currently missing phenomena that should be considered "about" are predications - "The only person who knows the answer is sitting beside me" , Allegory, Satire, and other literary forms that can be topical without explicitly mentioning the topic.
definition editor: person:Alan Ruttenberg
definition source: Smith, Ceusters, Ruttenberg, 2000 years of philosophy

mentions
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is about
inverse of: mentioned by
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: An information artifact IA mentions an entity E exactly when it has a component/part that denotes E
editor note: 7/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg. P4 RC1 munges our GCI so remove it for now: mentions some entity equivalentTo has_part some ('generically denotes' some entity)
editor note: 7/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg: Add this relation following conversation with Jonathan Rees that N&S GCI for is_about was too strong. Really it was simply sufficient. To effect this change we introduce this relation, which is subproperty of is_about, and have previous GCI use this relation "mentions" in it's (logical) definition
definition editor: PERSON: Jonathan Rees
definition editor: Person: Alan Ruttenberg

mentioned by
type: ObjectProperty
definition: Inverse of the relation 'mentions'
definition editor: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/250
date: 2022-01-28T07:20:08Z

denotes
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is about
inverse of: denoted by
domain: information content entity
range: entity
example of usage: A person's name denotes the person. A variable name in a computer program denotes some piece of memory. Lexically equivalent strings can denote different things, for instance "Alan" can denote different people. In each case of use, there is a case of the denotation relation obtaining, between "Alan" and the person that is being named.
definition: A primitive, instance-level, relation obtaining between an information content entity and some portion of reality. Denotation is what happens when someone creates an information content entity E in order to specifically refer to something. The only relation between E and the thing is that E can be used to 'pick out' the thing. This relation connects those two together. Freedictionary.com sense 3: To signify directly; refer to specifically
editor note: 2009-11-10 Alan Ruttenberg. Old definition said the following to emphasize the generic nature of this relation. We no longer have 'specifically denotes', which would have been primitive, so make this relation primitive. g denotes r =def r is a portion of reality there is some c that is a concretization of g every c that is a concretization of g specifically denotes r
definition editor: person:Alan Ruttenberg
definition source: Conversations with Barry Smith, Werner Ceusters, Bjoern Peters, Michel Dumontier, Melanie Courtot, James Malone, Bill Hogan

obsolete_materially denotes
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: ObsoleteProperty
editor note: see https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/25&q=denote
has obsolescence reason: failed exploratory term
deprecated: true

is quality measurement of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is about
inverse of: is quality measured as
domain: measurement datum
range: quality
definition: m is a quality measurement of q at t. When q is a quality, there is a measurement process p that has specified output m, a measurement datum, that is about q
editor note: 8/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg: The strategy is to be rather specific with this relationship. There are other kinds of measurements that are not of qualities, such as those that measure time. We will add these as separate properties for the moment and see about generalizing later
editor note: From the second IAO workshop [Alan Ruttenberg 8/6/2009: not completely current, though bringing in comparison is probably important] This one is the one we are struggling with at the moment. The issue is what a measurement measures. On the one hand saying that it measures the quality would include it "measuring" the bearer = referring to the bearer in the measurement. However this makes comparisons of two different things not possible. On the other hand not having it inhere in the bearer, on the face of it, breaks the audit trail. Werner suggests a solution based on "Magnitudes" a proposal for which we are awaiting details. -- From the second IAO workshop, various comments, [commented on by Alan Ruttenberg 8/6/2009] unit of measure is a quality, e.g. the length of a ruler. [We decided to hedge on what units of measure are, instead talking about measurement unit labels, which are the information content entities that are about whatever measurement units are. For IAO we need that information entity in any case. See the term measurement unit label] [Some struggling with the various subflavors of is_about. We subsequently removed the relation represents, and describes until and only when we have a better theory] a represents b means either a denotes b or a describes describe: a describes b means a is about b and a allows an inference of at least one quality of b We have had a long discussion about denotes versus describes.
editor note: From the second IAO workshop: An attempt at tieing the quality to the measurement datum more carefully. a is a magnitude means a is a determinate quality particular inhering in some bearer b existing at a time t that can be represented/denoted by an information content entity e that has parts denoting a unit of measure, a number, and b. The unit of measure is an instance of the determinable quality.
editor note: From the second meeting on IAO: An attempt at defining assay using Barry's "reliability" wording assay: process and has_input some material entity and has_output some information content entity and which is such that instances of this process type reliably generate outputs that describes the input.
editor note: This one is the one we are struggling with at the moment. The issue is what a measurement measures. On the one hand saying that it measures the quality would include it "measuring" the bearer = referring to the bearer in the measurement. However this makes comparisons of two different things not possible. On the other hand not having it inhere in the bearer, on the face of it, breaks the audit trail. Werner suggests a solution based on "Magnitudes" a proposal for which we are awaiting details.
definition editor: Alan Ruttenberg

obsolete_describes
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: ObsoleteProperty
has obsolescence reason: failed exploratory term
deprecated: true

obsolete_represents
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: ObsoleteProperty
has obsolescence reason: failed exploratory term
deprecated: true

denoted by
type: ObjectProperty
domain: entity
range: information content entity
definition: inverse of the relation 'denotes'
definition editor: Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Mike Conlon
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/206

has coordinate unit label
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has part
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: cartesian spatial coordinate datum
range: length unit
comment: relating a cartesian spatial coordinate datum to a unit label that together with the values represent a point

is duration of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is about
domain: time measurement datum
range: process
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: relates a process to a time-measurement-datum that represents the duration of the process
definition editor: Person:Alan Ruttenberg

is quality measured as
type: ObjectProperty
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: inverse of the relation of is quality measurement of
editor note: 2009/10/19 Alan Ruttenberg. Named 'junk' relation useful in restrictions, but not a real instance relationship
definition editor: Person:Alan Ruttenberg

is quality specification of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is about
inverse of: quality is specified as
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A relation between a data item and a quality of a material entity where the material entity is the specified output of a material transformation which achieves an objective specification that indicates the intended value of the specified quality.
definition editor: Person:Alan Ruttenberg
definition editor: Person:Bjoern Peters

quality is specified as
type: ObjectProperty
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: inverse of the relation of is quality specification of
editor note: 2009/10/19 Alan Ruttenberg. Named 'junk' relation useful in restrictions, but not a real instance relationship
definition editor: Person:Alan Ruttenberg
definition editor: Person:Bjoern Peters

has time stamp
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has part
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: time stamped measurement datum
range: time measurement datum
has curation status: metadata incomplete
definition: relates a time stamped measurement datum to the time measurement datum that denotes the time when the measurement was taken
definition editor: Alan Ruttenberg

has measurement datum
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has part
domain: time stamped measurement datum
range: Class
  intersection of: measurement datum
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: time measurement datum
has curation status: metadata incomplete
definition: relates a time stamped measurement datum to the measurement datum that was measured
definition editor: Alan Ruttenberg

owns
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
inverse of: is owned by
type: AsymmetricProperty
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen
elucidation: This is a primitive relation. This relation is the foundation to the owners right to have the owned entity at his/her full disposal.
source: Reinach, A. Sämtliche Werke. Texkritische Ausgabe, München: Philosophia Verlag, 1989, p.189-204.

is owned by
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
definition: a is owned by b if b has complete power over a. All rights and obligations of ownership are grounded in this (primitive) relation. The claims and obligations of ownership can be partially transferred to a third party by the owner, b.
definition source: Reinach, A. Sämtliche Werke. Texkritische Ausgabe, München: Philosophia Verlag, 1989, p.189-204.

has_specified_input
type: ObjectProperty
equivalent property:
  inverse of: is_specified_input_of
sub property of: has participant
domain: obsolete planned process
editor preferred term: has_specified_input
example of usage: see is_input_of example_of_usage
has curation status: ready for release
definition: The inverse property of is_specified_input_of
editor note: 8/17/09: specified inputs of one process are not necessarily specified inputs of a larger process that it is part of. This is in contrast to how 'has participant' works.
definition editor: PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
definition editor: PERSON: Bjoern Peters
definition editor: PERSON: Larry Hunter
definition editor: PERSON: Melanie Coutot
imported from: obi.owl

is_specified_input_of
type: ObjectProperty

has specified output
type: ObjectProperty
equivalent property:
  inverse of: is specified output of
sub property of: has participant
inverse of: is specified output of
domain: obsolete planned process
editor preferred term: has specified output
editor preferred term: has_specified_output
has curation status: ready for release
definition: The inverse property of is specified output of
definition: The inverse property of is_specified_output_of
definition editor: PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
definition editor: PERSON: Bjoern Peters
definition editor: PERSON: Larry Hunter
definition editor: PERSON: Melanie Courtot
imported from: obi.owl
label: has_specified_output

is specified output of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: participates in
range: obsolete planned process
editor preferred term: is specified output of
editor preferred term: is_specified_output_of
has curation status: ready for release
definition: A relation between a completely executed planned process and a continuant participating in that process. The presence of the continuant at the end of the process is explicitly specified in the objective specification which the process realizes the concretization of.
definition: A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process. The presence of the continuant at the end of the process is explicitly specified in the objective specification which the process realizes the concretization of.
definition editor: Alan Ruttenberg
definition editor: PERSON:Bjoern Peters
imported from: obi.owl
label: is_specified_output_of

is member of organization
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: has organization member
range: organization
editor preferred term: is member of organization
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: Relating a legal person or organization to an organization in the case where the legal person or organization has a role as member of the organization.
editor note: 2009/10/01 Alan Ruttenberg. Barry prefers generic is-member-of. Question of what the range should be. For now organization. Is organization a population? Would the same relation be used to record members of a population
editor note: JZ: Discussed on May 7, 2012 OBI dev call. Bjoern points out that we need to allow for organizations to be members of organizations. And agreed by the other OBI developers. So, human and organization were specified in 'Domains'. The textual definition was updated based on it.
definition editor: Person:Alan Ruttenberg
definition editor: Person:Helen Parkinson
definition source: Person:Alan Ruttenberg
definition source: Person:Helen Parkinson
curator note: 2009/09/28 Alan Ruttenberg. Fucoidan-use-case

has organization member
type: ObjectProperty
domain: organization
editor preferred term: has organization member
has curation status: metadata incomplete
definition: Relating an organization to a legal person or organization.
editor note: See tracker: https://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=3512902&group_id=177891&atid=886178
definition editor: Person: Jie Zheng

obsolete owns
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: ObsoleteProperty
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen
term replaced by: owns
deprecated: true

obsolete administrates
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: ObsoleteProperty
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen
term replaced by: OBIB_0000733
deprecated: true

obsolete is owned by
type: ObjectProperty
definition source: Reinach, A. S�mtliche Werke. Texkritische Ausgabe, M�nchen: Philosophia Verlag, 1989, p.189-204.
term replaced by: is owned by

obsolete is-aggregate-of
type: ObjectProperty
has obsolescence reason: BFO relation takes precedence.
comment: We anticipate BFO 2.0 including and defining this relation. When it does, we will obsolete this property and declare it equivalent to the BFO 2.0 relation.
deprecated: true

obsolete is-component-of-aggregate
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: ObsoleteProperty
comment: At the instance level, this relation is the named inverse of is-aggregate-of. At the type level, however, not so. We expect BFO 2.0 to have this relation as well, and we will obsolete this property and declare it equivalent to BFO's version when BFO 2.0 comes out.
deprecated: true

is administered by
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty

is enrolled in school
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
domain: Restriction
  on property: has characteristic
  some values from: student role
range: school organization

is admitted to hospital
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
domain: Restriction
  on property: has characteristic
  some values from: patient role
range: hospital organization

provides service
type: ObjectProperty

is abuse of
type: ObjectProperty
definition: Relation between an abusive behavior and one upon whom it is inflicted.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
contributor: S. Clint Dowland

has aggressor
type: ObjectProperty
definition: Relation between an abusive behavior and one who inflicts it upon someone or something else.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
contributor: S. Clint Dowland

lives in
type: ObjectProperty
domain: household
range: material entity
definition: A relation between a household and a material entity that the household stores their possessions in and sleeps in habitually.

demarcates
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is about
inverse of: demarcated by
domain: categorization scheme
definition: Relation in which a categorization scheme stands to each category into which it partitions things.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
contributor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: William R. Hogan

demarcated by
type: ObjectProperty
range: categorization scheme
definition: Relation in which a category stands to the categorization scheme that demarcates it as a category.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
contributor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: William R. Hogan

has primary data subject
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is about
inverse of: primary data subject of
domain: information content entity
range: Homo sapiens
definition: Relation in which a data item stands to the person it is both about and primarily associated with.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
contributor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: William R. Hogan

primary data subject of
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Homo sapiens
range: information content entity
definition: The inverse of has primary data subject.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
contributor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: William R. Hogan

has reporter
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has participant
inverse of: reporter of
domain: personal data disclosure
range: Homo sapiens
definition: Relation in which a personal data disclosure stands to the person who performs it by disclosing data items about someone.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
contributor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: William R. Hogan

reporter of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: participates in
domain: Homo sapiens
range: personal data disclosure
definition: The inverse of has reporter.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
contributor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: William R. Hogan

characteristic of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: characteristic of part of
inverse of: has characteristic
type: FunctionalProperty
editor preferred term: inheres in
example of usage: this fragility is a characteristic of this vase
example of usage: this red color is a characteristic of this apple
definition: a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the characteristic) and any other entity (the bearer), in which the characteristic depends on the bearer for its existence.
alternative label: inheres_in
temporal interpretation: RO_0001901
comment: Note that this relation was previously called "inheres in", but was changed to be called "characteristic of" because BFO2 uses "inheres in" in a more restricted fashion. This relation differs from BFO2:inheres_in in two respects: (1) it does not impose a range constraint, and thus it allows qualities of processes, as well as of information entities, whereas BFO2 restricts inheres_in to only apply to independent continuants (2) it is declared functional, i.e. something can only be a characteristic of one thing.

has characteristic
type: ObjectProperty
type: InverseFunctionalProperty
range: specifically dependent continuant
editor preferred term: bearer of
example of usage: this apple is bearer of this red color
example of usage: this vase is bearer of this fragility
definition: Inverse of characteristic_of
editor note: A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist.
alternative label: bearer_of
alternative label: is bearer of
temporal interpretation: RO_0001901

participates in
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: has participant
domain: continuant
range: occurrent
editor preferred term: participates in
example of usage: this blood clot participates in this blood coagulation
example of usage: this input material (or this output material) participates in this process
example of usage: this investigator participates in this investigation
definition: a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
alternative label: participates_in

has participant
type: ObjectProperty
domain: occurrent
range: continuant
property chain axiom: has part
property chain axiom: realizes
property chain axiom: characteristic of
editor preferred term: has participant
example of usage: this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot
example of usage: this investigation has participant this investigator
example of usage: this process has participant this input material (or this output material)
definition: a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
editor note: Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time.
alternative label: has_participant
source: http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:has_participant

is concretized as
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: concretizes
domain: generically dependent continuant
range: specifically dependent continuant
range: Class
  union of: process
  union of: specifically dependent continuant
example of usage: A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The journal article (a generically dependent continuant) is concretized as the quality (a specifically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant).
example of usage: An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process).
definition: A relationship between a generically dependent continuant and a specifically dependent continuant or process, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant or process in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant or process also depends on that same independent continuant. A generically dependent continuant may be concretized as multiple specifically dependent continuants or processes.
definition: A relationship between a generically dependent continuant and a specifically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. A generically dependent continuant may be concretized as multiple specifically dependent continuants.

concretizes
type: ObjectProperty
domain: specifically dependent continuant
domain: Class
  union of: process
  union of: specifically dependent continuant
range: generically dependent continuant
example of usage: A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The quality (a specifically dependent continuant) concretizes the journal article (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant).
example of usage: An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process).
definition: A relationship between a specifically dependent continuant and a generically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. Multiple specifically dependent continuants can concretize the same generically dependent continuant.
definition: A relationship between a specifically dependent continuant or process and a generically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant or process also depends on that same independent continuant. Multiple specifically dependent continuants or processes can concretize the same generically dependent continuant.

function of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: characteristic of
inverse of: has function
domain: function
example of usage: this catalysis function is a function of this enzyme
definition: a relation between a function and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
editor note: A function inheres in its bearer at all times for which the function exists, however the function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists.
alternative label: function_of
alternative label: is function of
comment: This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020.

quality of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: characteristic of
inverse of: has quality
example of usage: this red color is a quality of this apple
definition: a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
editor note: A quality inheres in its bearer at all times for which the quality exists.
alternative label: is quality of
alternative label: quality_of
comment: This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020.

role of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: characteristic of
inverse of: has role
example of usage: this investigator role is a role of this person
definition: a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
editor note: A role inheres in its bearer at all times for which the role exists, however the role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists.
alternative label: is role of
alternative label: role_of
comment: This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020.

has function
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has characteristic
domain: independent continuant
range: function
example of usage: this enzyme has function this catalysis function (more colloquially: this enzyme has this catalysis function)
definition: a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a function, in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
editor note: A bearer can have many functions, and its functions can exist for different periods of time, but none of its functions can exist when the bearer does not exist. A function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists.
alternative label: has_function

has quality
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has characteristic
range: quality
example of usage: this apple has quality this red color
definition: a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
editor note: A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist.
alternative label: has_quality

has role
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has characteristic
domain: independent continuant
range: role
example of usage: this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator)
definition: a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
editor note: A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists.
alternative label: has_role

has disposition
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has characteristic
inverse of: disposition of
domain: independent continuant
range: disposition
definition: a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a disposition, in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence

disposition of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: characteristic of
definition: inverse of has disposition
comment: This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020.

derives from
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: derives into
example of usage: this cell derives from this parent cell (cell division)
example of usage: this nucleus derives from this parent nucleus (nuclear division)
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: a relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity
editor note: This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops from'.
alternative label: derives_from

derives into
type: ObjectProperty
example of usage: this parent cell derives into this cell (cell division)
example of usage: this parent nucleus derives into this nucleus (nuclear division)
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: a relation between two distinct material entities, the old entity and the new entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity
editor note: This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops into'. To avoid making statements about a future that may not come to pass, it is often better to use the backward-looking 'derives from' rather than the forward-looking 'derives into'.
alternative label: derives_into

location of
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: located in
type: TransitiveProperty
editor preferred term: is location of
example of usage: my head is the location of my brain
example of usage: this cage is the location of this rat
definition: a relation between two independent continuants, the location and the target, in which the target is entirely within the location
editor note: Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/
alternative label: location_of
temporal interpretation: RO_0001901

located in
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: independent continuant
domain: Class
  intersection of: independent continuant
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: spatial region
range: independent continuant
range: Class
  intersection of: independent continuant
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: spatial region
editor preferred term: located in
example of usage: my brain is located in my head
example of usage: this rat is located in this cage
definition: a relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location
editor note: Location as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation c located_in r at t reflects the fact that each continuant is at any given time associated with exactly one spatial region, namely its exact location. Following we can use this relation to define a further instance-level location relation - not between a continuant and the region which it exactly occupies, but rather between one continuant and another. c is located in c1, in this sense, whenever the spatial region occupied by c is part_of the spatial region occupied by c1. Note that this relation comprehends both the relation of exact location between one continuant and another which obtains when r and r1 are identical (for example, when a portion of fluid exactly fills a cavity), as well as those sorts of inexact location relations which obtain, for example, between brain and head or between ovum and uterus
editor note: Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/
alternative label: located_in
temporal interpretation: RO_0001901
source: http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:located_in

Axiom
annotated source: located in
annotated property: domain
annotated target: independent continuant
editor note: This is redundant with the more specific 'independent and not spatial region' constraint. We leave in the redundant axiom for use with reasoners that do not use negation.

Axiom
annotated source: located in
annotated property: range
annotated target: independent continuant
editor note: This is redundant with the more specific 'independent and not spatial region' constraint. We leave in the redundant axiom for use with reasoners that do not use negation.

2D boundary of
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: has 2D boundary
example of usage: the surface of my skin is a 2D boundary of my body
definition: a relation between a 2D immaterial entity (the boundary) and a material entity, in which the boundary delimits the material entity
editor note: A 2D boundary may have holes and gaps, but it must be a single connected entity, not an aggregate of several disconnected parts.
editor note: Although the boundary is two-dimensional, it exists in three-dimensional space and thus has a 3D shape.
alternative label: 2D_boundary_of
alternative label: boundary of
alternative label: is 2D boundary of
alternative label: is boundary of
temporal interpretation: RO_0001901

has 2D boundary
type: ObjectProperty
domain: material entity
range: immaterial entity
example of usage: my body has 2D boundary the surface of my skin
definition: a relation between a material entity and a 2D immaterial entity (the boundary), in which the boundary delimits the material entity
editor note: A 2D boundary may have holes and gaps, but it must be a single connected entity, not an aggregate of several disconnected parts.
editor note: Although the boundary is two-dimensional, it exists in three-dimensional space and thus has a 3D shape.
alternative label: has boundary
alternative label: has_2D_boundary
temporal interpretation: RO_0001901

occurrent part of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: part of
sub property of: causally upstream of or within
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
definition: A part of relation that applies only between occurrents.

has regulatory component activity
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has component activity
sub property of: regulated by
definition: A 'has regulatory component activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is regulated by B.

has negative regulatory component activity
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has regulatory component activity
sub property of: negatively regulated by
definition: A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that negatively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is negatively regulated by B.
comment: By convention GO molecular functions are classified by their effector function. Internal regulatory functions are treated as components. For example, NMDA glutmate receptor activity is a cation channel activity with positive regulatory component 'glutamate binding' and negative regulatory components including 'zinc binding' and 'magnesium binding'.

has positive regulatory component activity
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has regulatory component activity
sub property of: positively regulated by
definition: A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that positively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is positively regulated by B.
comment: By convention GO molecular functions are classified by their effector function and internal regulatory functions are treated as components. So, for example calmodulin has a protein binding activity that has positive regulatory component activity calcium binding activity. Receptor tyrosine kinase activity is a tyrosine kinase activity that has positive regulatory component 'ligand binding'.

has component activity
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has component process
comment: A 'has component activity' B if A is A and B are molecular functions (GO_0003674) and A has_component B.

has component process
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has component
domain: process
range: process
definition: w 'has process component' p if p and w are processes, w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type.

directly regulated by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: regulated by
inverse of: directly regulates
comment: Process(P2) is directly regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly regulates P2.

Axiom
annotated source: directly regulated by
annotated property: comment
annotated target: Process(P2) is directly regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly regulates P2.
has cross-reference: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172

directly negatively regulated by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: directly regulated by
inverse of: directly negatively regulates
definition: Process(P2) is directly negatively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 directly negatively regulated by P1.

Axiom
annotated source: directly negatively regulated by
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Process(P2) is directly negatively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 directly negatively regulated by P1.
has cross-reference: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172

directly positively regulated by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: directly regulated by
inverse of: directly positively regulates
definition: Process(P2) is directly postively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 is directly postively regulated by P1.

Axiom
annotated source: directly positively regulated by
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Process(P2) is directly postively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 is directly postively regulated by P1.
has cross-reference: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172

has effector activity
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has component activity
type: FunctionalProperty
definition: A 'has effector activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A 'has component activity' B and B is the effector (output function) of B. Each compound function has only one effector activity.
comment: This relation is designed for constructing compound molecular functions, typically in combination with one or more regulatory component activity relations.

Axiom
annotated source: has effector activity
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A 'has effector activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A 'has component activity' B and B is the effector (output function) of B. Each compound function has only one effector activity.
has cross-reference: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172

before or simultaneous with
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: temporally related to
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172
alternative label: <=
comment: Primitive instance level timing relation between events

before
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: before or simultaneous with
type: TransitiveProperty
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172
comment: t1 before t2 iff:= t1 before_or_simulataneous_with t2 and not (t1 simultaeous_with t2)

ends after
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: temporally related to
type: TransitiveProperty
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172
comment: X ends_after Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X)

immediately preceded by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: preceded by
inverse of: immediately precedes
property chain axiom: starts with
property chain axiom: ends with
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172
alternative label: starts_at_end_of
comment: X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y)

immediately precedes
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: precedes
property chain axiom: ends with
property chain axiom: starts with
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172
alternative label: ends_at_start_of
alternative label: meets
comment: X immediately_precedes_Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y)

overlaps
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: mereotopologically related to
type: SymmetricProperty
property chain axiom: part of
property chain axiom: has part
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: x overlaps y if and only if there exists some z such that x has part z and z part of y

has component
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has part
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: w 'has component' p if w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type.
editor note: The definition of 'has component' is still under discussion. The challenge is in providing a definition that does not imply transitivity.
curator note: For use in recording has_part with a cardinality constraint, because OWL does not permit cardinality constraints to be used in combination with transitive object properties. In situations where you would want to say something like 'has part exactly 5 digit, you would instead use has_component exactly 5 digit.

regulates
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causally upstream of
inverse of: regulated by
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: process
range: process
property chain axiom: has effector activity
property chain axiom: ends with
property chain axiom: directly regulates
definition: p regulates q iff p is causally upstream of q, the execution of p is not constant and varies according to specific conditions, and p influences the rate or magnitude of execution of q due to an effect either on some enabler of q or some enabler of a part of q.
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7476-6306
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3837-8864
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
definition source: causal-relations
definition source: GO
curator note: Regulation precludes parthood; the regulatory process may not be within the regulated process.
elucidation: false

negatively regulates
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: regulates
sub property of: causally upstream of, negative effect
inverse of: negatively regulated by
property chain axiom: ends with
definition: p negatively regulates q iff p regulates q, and p decreases the rate or magnitude of execution of q.
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
definition source: causal-relations

positively regulates
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: regulates
sub property of: causally upstream of, positive effect
inverse of: positively regulated by
type: TransitiveProperty
property chain axiom: negatively regulates
property chain axiom: ends with
definition: p positively regulates q iff p regulates q, and p increases the rate or magnitude of execution of q.
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
definition source: causal-relations

capable of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: capable of part of
domain: independent continuant
range: process
example of usage: mechanosensory neuron capable of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception (GO:0050974)
example of usage: osteoclast SubClassOf 'capable of' some 'bone resorption'
definition: A relation between a material entity (such as a cell) and a process, in which the material entity has the ability to carry out the process.
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
alternative label: has function realized in
definition source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20123131
definition source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21208450
curator note: For compatibility with BFO, this relation has a shortcut definition in which the expression "capable of some P" expands to "bearer_of (some realized_by only P)".

capable of part of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: functionally related to
sub property of: causal agent in process
definition: c stands in this relationship to p if and only if there exists some p' such that c is capable_of p', and p' is part_of p.
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
alternative label: has function in

obsolete actively participates in
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: ObsoleteProperty
definition: OBSOLETE x actively participates in y if and only if x participates in y and x realizes some active role
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
alternative label: agent in
term replaced by: process has causal agent
comment: Obsoleted as the inverse property was obsoleted.

obsolete has active participant
type: ObjectProperty
definition: OBSOLETE x has participant y if and only if x realizes some active role that inheres in y
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
alternative label: has agent
term replaced by: causal agent in process

temporally related to
type: ObjectProperty
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
definition source: Allen's interval algebra
curator note: Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for relations between occurrents involving the relative timing of their starts and ends.
source: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1kBv1ep_9g3sTR-SD3jqzFqhuwo9TPNF-l-9fUDbO6rM/edit
comment: A relation that holds between two occurrents. This is a grouping relation that collects together all the Allen relations.

starts
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: part of
sub property of: temporally related to
inverse of: starts with
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: inverse of starts with
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
definition source: Allen

starts with
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has part
sub property of: temporally related to
type: TransitiveProperty
example of usage: Every insulin receptor signaling pathway starts with the binding of a ligand to the insulin receptor
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: x starts with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: α(y) = α(x) ∧ ω(y) < ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
alternative label: started by

ends
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: part of
sub property of: temporally related to
inverse of: ends with
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: inverse of ends with
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165

ends with
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has part
sub property of: temporally related to
type: TransitiveProperty
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: x ends with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: α(y) > α(x) ∧ ω(y) = ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
alternative label: finished by

has start location
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has part that occurs in
domain: process
range: independent continuant
property chain axiom: starts with
property chain axiom: occurs in
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: x 'has starts location' y if and only if there exists some process z such that x 'starts with' z and z 'occurs in' y
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
alternative label: starts with process that occurs in

has end location
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has part that occurs in
domain: process
range: independent continuant
property chain axiom: ends with
property chain axiom: occurs in
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: x 'has end location' y if and only if there exists some process z such that x 'ends with' z and z 'occurs in' y
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
alternative label: ends with process that occurs in

has input
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has participant
inverse of: input of
domain: process
property chain axiom: starts with
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: p has input c iff: p is a process, c is a material entity, c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p.
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
alternative label: consumes

has output
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has participant
inverse of: output of
property chain axiom: ends with
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present in the same state at the beginning of p.
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
alternative label: produces

acts upstream of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: acts upstream of or within
property chain axiom: enables
property chain axiom: causally upstream of
example of usage: A faulty traffic light (material entity) whose malfunctioning (a process) is causally upstream of a traffic collision (a process): the traffic light acts upstream of the collision.
definition: c acts upstream of p if and only if c enables some f that is involved in p' and p' occurs chronologically before p, is not part of p, and affects the execution of p. c is a material entity and f, p, p' are processes.

acts upstream of or within
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causal agent in process
property chain axiom: enables
property chain axiom: causally upstream of or within
example of usage: A gene product that has some activity, where that activity may be a part of a pathway or upstream of the pathway.
definition: c acts upstream of or within p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of or within p. c is a material entity and p is an process.

causally upstream of, positive effect
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causally upstream of
sub property of: causally upstream of or within, positive effect
definition: p is causally upstream of, positive effect q iff p is casually upstream of q, and the execution of p is required for the execution of q.
creator: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
comment: holds between x and y if and only if x is causally upstream of y and the progression of x increases the frequency, rate or extent of y

causally upstream of, negative effect
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causally upstream of
sub property of: causally upstream of or within, negative effect
definition: p is causally upstream of, negative effect q iff p is casually upstream of q, and the execution of p decreases the execution of q.
creator: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165

characteristic of part of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: depends on
property chain axiom: part of
definition: q characteristic of part of w if and only if there exists some p such that q inheres in p and p part of w.
editor note: Because part_of is transitive, inheres in is a sub-relation of characteristic of part of
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
alternative label: inheres in part of
definition source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20064205

mereotopologically related to
type: ObjectProperty
definition: A mereological relationship or a topological relationship
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
curator note: Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving parthood or connectivity relationships

enables
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: capable of
inverse of: enabled by
property chain axiom: has part
property chain axiom: has component activity
example of usage: a particular instances of akt-2 enables some instance of protein kinase activity
definition: c enables p iff c is capable of p and c acts to execute p.
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
alternative label: catalyzes
alternative label: executes
alternative label: has
alternative label: is catalyzing
alternative label: is executing
curator note: This relation differs from the parent relation 'capable of' in that the parent is weaker and only expresses a capability that may not be actually realized, whereas this relation is always realized.

functionally related to
type: ObjectProperty
definition: A grouping relationship for any relationship directly involving a function, or that holds because of a function of one of the related entities.
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
curator note: This is a grouping relation that collects relations used for the purpose of connecting structure and function

part of structure that is capable of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: functionally related to
definition: this relation holds between c and p when c is part of some c', and c' is capable of p.
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
alternative label: false

involved in
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: participates in
sub property of: involved in or involved in regulation of
property chain axiom: enables
property chain axiom: part of
definition: c involved_in p if and only if c enables some process p', and p' is part of p
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
alternative label: actively involved in
alternative label: enables part of

enabled by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has participant
sub property of: functionally related to
definition: inverse of enables
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165

regulated by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causally downstream of or within
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: process
range: process
definition: inverse of regulates
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165

negatively regulated by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: regulated by
definition: inverse of negatively regulates
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165

positively regulated by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: regulated by
definition: inverse of positively regulates
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165

member of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: part of
inverse of: has member
example of usage: An organism that is a member of a population of organisms
definition: is member of is a mereological relation between a item and a collection.
alternative label: is member of
alternative label: member part of
definition source: SIO
temporal interpretation: RO_0001901

has member
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has part
type: IrreflexiveProperty
definition: has member is a mereological relation between a collection and an item.
definition source: SIO
temporal interpretation: RO_0001901

input of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: participates in
sub property of: functionally related to
definition: inverse of has input
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165

output of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: participates in
sub property of: functionally related to
definition: inverse of has output
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165

causally downstream of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: preceded by
sub property of: causally downstream of or within
inverse of: causally upstream of
has curation status: requires discussion
definition: inverse of upstream of
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165

immediately causally downstream of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: immediately preceded by
sub property of: causally downstream of
inverse of: immediately causally upstream of
has curation status: requires discussion
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165

indirectly positively regulates
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: positively regulates
sub property of: indirectly regulates
type: TransitiveProperty
property chain axiom: directly positively regulates
property chain axiom: indirectly negatively regulates
definition: p indirectly positively regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p positively regulates q.
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
alternative label: indirectly activates

indirectly negatively regulates
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: negatively regulates
sub property of: indirectly regulates
type: TransitiveProperty
property chain axiom: directly negatively regulates
definition: p indirectly negatively regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p negatively regulates q.
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
alternative label: indirectly inhibits

causally related to
type: ObjectProperty
definition: relation that links two events, processes, states, or objects such that one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is partly or wholly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly or wholly dependent on the cause.
editor note: This branch of the ontology deals with causal relations between entities. It is divided into two branches: causal relations between occurrents/processes, and causal relations between material entities. We take an 'activity flow-centric approach', with the former as primary, and define causal relations between material entities in terms of causal relations between occurrents. To define causal relations in an activity-flow type network, we make use of 3 primitives: * Temporal: how do the intervals of the two occurrents relate? * Is the causal relation regulatory? * Is the influence positive or negative? The first of these can be formalized in terms of the Allen Interval Algebra. Informally, the 3 bins we care about are 'direct', 'indirect' or overlapping. Note that all causal relations should be classified under a RO temporal relation (see the branch under 'temporally related to'). Note that all causal relations are temporal, but not all temporal relations are causal. Two occurrents can be related in time without being causally connected. We take causal influence to be primitive, elucidated as being such that has the upstream changed, some qualities of the donwstream would necessarily be modified. For the second, we consider a relationship to be regulatory if the system in which the activities occur is capable of altering the relationship to achieve some objective. This could include changing the rate of production of a molecule. For the third, we consider the effect of the upstream process on the output(s) of the downstream process. If the level of output is increased, or the rate of production of the output is increased, then the direction is increased. Direction can be positive, negative or neutral or capable of either direction. Two positives in succession yield a positive, two negatives in succession yield a positive, otherwise the default assumption is that the net effect is canceled and the influence is neutral. Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yie…
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
curator note: Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect.

Axiom
annotated source: causally related to
annotated property: definition
annotated target: relation that links two events, processes, states, or objects such that one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is partly or wholly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly or wholly dependent on the cause.
has cross-reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causality

causally upstream of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: precedes
sub property of: causally upstream of or within
type: TransitiveProperty
definition: p is causally upstream of q iff p is causally related to q, the end of p precedes the end of q, and p is not an occurrent part of q.
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165

immediately causally upstream of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: immediately precedes
sub property of: causally upstream of
definition: p is immediately causally upstream of q iff p is causally upstream of q, and the end of p is coincident with the beginning of q.
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165

provides input for
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: immediately causally upstream of
sub property of: transitively provides input for
property chain axiom: has output
property chain axiom: has input
definition: p provides input for q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q, and there exists some c such that p has_output c and q has_input c.
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
alternative label: directly provides input for
definition source: causal-relations

transitively provides input for
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causally upstream of or within, positive effect
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: process
range: process
has curation status: requires discussion
definition: transitive form of directly_provides_input_for
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
curator note: This is a grouping relation that should probably not be used in annotation. Consider instead the child relation 'provides input for'.

causally upstream of or within
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causal relation between processes
inverse of: causally downstream of or within
type: TransitiveProperty
property chain axiom: part of
definition: p is 'causally upstream or within' q iff p is causally related to q, and the end of p precedes, or is coincident with, the end of q.
editor note: We would like to make this disjoint with 'preceded by', but this is prohibited in OWL2
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
alternative label: influences (processual)

causally downstream of or within
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causal relation between processes
type: TransitiveProperty
definition: inverse of causally upstream of or within
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
definition source: causal-relations

involved in regulation of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: acts upstream of
sub property of: involved in or involved in regulation of
property chain axiom: enables
property chain axiom: regulates
property chain axiom: involved in
definition: c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' regulates some p
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165

involved in positive regulation of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: involved in regulation of
property chain axiom: enables
property chain axiom: positively regulates
property chain axiom: involved in
definition: c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' positively regulates some p
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165

involved in negative regulation of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: involved in regulation of
property chain axiom: enables
property chain axiom: negatively regulates
property chain axiom: involved in
definition: c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' negatively regulates some p
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165

involved in or involved in regulation of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: acts upstream of or within
sub property of: functionally related to
sub property of: causal agent in process
definition: c involved in or regulates p if and only if either (i) c is involved in p or (ii) c is involved in regulation of p
editor note: OWL does not allow defining object properties via a Union
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
alternative label: involved in or reguates

is active in
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: overlaps
sub property of: functionally related to
example of usage: A protein that enables activity in a cytosol.
definition: c executes activity in d if and only if c enables p and p occurs_in d. Assuming no action at a distance by gene products, if a gene product enables (is capable of) a process that occurs in some structure, it must have at least some part in that structure.
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
alternative label: executes activity in
has_exact_synonym: enables activity in

Axiom
annotated source: is active in
annotated property: definition
annotated target: c executes activity in d if and only if c enables p and p occurs_in d. Assuming no action at a distance by gene products, if a gene product enables (is capable of) a process that occurs in some structure, it must have at least some part in that structure.
has cross-reference: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
has cross-reference: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172

interacts with
type: ObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
domain: material entity
range: material entity
definition: A relationship that holds between two entities in which the processes executed by the two entities are causally connected.
editor note: This relation and all sub-relations can be applied to either (1) pairs of entities that are interacting at any moment of time (2) populations or species of entity whose members have the disposition to interact (3) classes whose members have the disposition to interact.
editor note: Considering relabeling as 'pairwise interacts with'
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
curator note: Note that this relationship type, and sub-relationship types may be redundant with process terms from other ontologies. For example, the symbiotic relationship hierarchy parallels GO. The relations are provided as a convenient shortcut. Consider using the more expressive processual form to capture your data. In the future, these relations will be linked to their cognate processes through rules.
has_exact_synonym: in pairwise interaction with

molecularly interacts with
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: interacts with
type: SymmetricProperty
definition: An interaction relationship in which the two partners are molecular entities that directly physically interact with each other for example via a stable binding interaction or a brief interaction during which one modifies the other.
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
alternative label: binds
alternative label: molecularly binds with

phosphorylates
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: molecularly interacts with
editor note: Axiomatization to GO to be added later
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
alternative label: An interaction relation between x and y in which x catalyzes a reaction in which a phosphate group is added to y.

directly regulates activity of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: molecularly interacts with
sub property of: regulates activity of
domain: material entity
range: material entity
property chain axiom: enables
property chain axiom: regulates
property chain axiom: enabled by
definition: The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A regulates the kinase activity of B. A and B can be physically interacting but not necessarily. Immediately upstream means there are no intermediate entity between A and B.
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4639-4431
has_exact_synonym: molecularly controls

directly negatively regulates activity of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: directly regulates activity of
domain: material entity
range: material entity
property chain axiom: enables
property chain axiom: directly negatively regulates
property chain axiom: enabled by
definition: The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that negatively regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A negatively regulates the kinase activity of B.
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4639-4431
alternative label: directly inhibits
has_exact_synonym: molecularly decreases activity of

directly positively regulates activity of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: directly regulates activity of
domain: material entity
range: material entity
property chain axiom: enables
property chain axiom: directly positively regulates
property chain axiom: enabled by
definition: The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that positively regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regulates the kinase activity of B.
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4639-4431
alternative label: directly activates
has_exact_synonym: molecularly increases activity of

helper property (not for use in curation)
type: ObjectProperty
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
curator note: This property or its subproperties is not to be used directly. These properties exist as helper properties that are used to support OWL reasoning.

has part that occurs in
type: ObjectProperty
domain: occurrent
range: independent continuant
definition: p has part that occurs in c if and only if there exists some p1, such that p has_part p1, and p1 occurs in c.
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165

is kinase activity
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: molecular interaction relation helper property
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165

causal agent in process
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causal relation between material entity and a process
inverse of: process has causal agent
definition: A relationship between a material entity and a process where the material entity has some causal role that influences the process
definition source: causal-relations

causal relation between processes
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causally related to
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
definition: p is causally related to q if and only if p or any part of p and q or any part of q are linked by a chain of events where each event pair is one where the execution of p influences the execution of q. p may be upstream, downstream, part of, or a container of q.
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
definition source: causal-relations
curator note: Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect.

depends on
type: ObjectProperty
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165

causal relation between entities
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causally related to
domain: continuant
range: continuant
editor note: The intent is that the process branch of the causal property hierarchy is primary (causal relations hold between occurrents/processes), and that the material branch is defined in terms of the process branch
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
definition source: causal-relations
curator note: Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect.

causally influenced by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causal relation between entities
inverse of: causally influences
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
definition source: causal-relations

interaction relation helper property
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: helper property (not for use in curation)
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165

molecular interaction relation helper property
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: interaction relation helper property
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165

causally influences
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causal relation between entities
domain: continuant
range: continuant
property chain axiom: enables
property chain axiom: causally upstream of
property chain axiom: has input
property chain axiom: enabled by
definition: The entity or characteristic A is causally upstream of the entity or characteristic B, A having an effect on B. An entity corresponds to any biological type of entity as long as a mass is measurable. A characteristic corresponds to a particular specificity of an entity (e.g., phenotype, shape, size).
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4639-4431
definition source: causal-relations

directly regulates
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: regulates
sub property of: immediately causally upstream of
definition: p directly regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q and p regulates q.
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
definition source: causal-relations

has part structure that is capable of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: functionally related to
sub property of: causal relation between material entity and a process
property chain axiom: has part
property chain axiom: capable of
example of usage: gland SubClassOf 'has part structure that is capable of' some 'secretion by cell'
definition: s 'has part structure that is capable of' p if and only if there exists some part x such that s 'has part' x and x 'capable of' p
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165

causal relation between material entity and a process
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causally related to
domain: material entity
range: process
definition: A relationship that holds between a material entity and a process in which causality is involved, with either the material entity or some part of the material entity exerting some influence over the process, or the process influencing some aspect of the material entity.
editor note: Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect.
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
definition source: causal-relations

capable of regulating
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causal agent in process
property chain axiom: capable of
property chain axiom: regulates
example of usage: pyrethroid -> growth
definition: Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a regulates p.
definition source: causal-relations

capable of negatively regulating
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: capable of regulating
property chain axiom: capable of
property chain axiom: negatively regulates
definition: Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a negatively regulates p.
definition source: causal-relations

capable of positively regulating
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: capable of regulating
property chain axiom: capable of
property chain axiom: positively regulates
example of usage: renin -> arteriolar smooth muscle contraction
definition: Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a positively regulates p.
definition source: causal-relations

process has causal agent
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causally related to
definition: Inverse of 'causal agent in process'
definition source: causal-relations

directly positively regulates
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: positively regulates
sub property of: directly regulates
definition: p directly positively regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q, and p positively regulates q.
definition source: causal-relations

directly negatively regulates
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: negatively regulates
sub property of: directly regulates
definition: p directly negatively regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q, and p negatively regulates q.
definition source: causal-relations

produces
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: produced by
domain: material entity
range: material entity
property chain axiom:
  inverse of: occurs in
property chain axiom: has output
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: a produces b if some process that occurs_in a has_output b, where a and b are material entities. Examples: hybridoma cell line produces monoclonal antibody reagent; chondroblast produces avascular GAG-rich matrix.
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737
comment: Note that this definition doesn't quite distinguish the output of a transformation process from a production process, which is related to the identity/granularity issue.

produced by
type: ObjectProperty
domain: material entity
range: material entity
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: a produced_by b iff some process that occurs_in b has_output a.
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737

realized in response to stimulus
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causally related to
domain: realizable entity
range: material entity
property chain axiom: realized in response to
property chain axiom: has input
definition: A relationship between a realizable entity R (e.g. function or disposition) and a material entity M where R is realized in response to a process that has an input stimulus of M.

enables subfunction
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: functionally related to
property chain axiom: enables
property chain axiom: has part
definition: Holds between an entity and an process P where the entity enables some larger compound process, and that larger process has-part P.

acts upstream of or within, positive effect
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: acts upstream of or within
property chain axiom: enables
property chain axiom: causally upstream of or within, positive effect

acts upstream of or within, negative effect
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: acts upstream of or within
property chain axiom: enables
property chain axiom: causally upstream of or within, negative effect

acts upstream of, positive effect
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: acts upstream of
sub property of: acts upstream of or within, positive effect
property chain axiom: enables
property chain axiom: causally upstream of, positive effect
definition: c 'acts upstream of, positive effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is positive

acts upstream of, negative effect
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: acts upstream of
sub property of: acts upstream of or within, negative effect
property chain axiom: enables
property chain axiom: causally upstream of, negative effect
definition: c 'acts upstream of, negative effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is negative

causally upstream of or within, negative effect
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causally upstream of or within

causally upstream of or within, positive effect
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causally upstream of or within

DEPRECATED inheres in
type: ObjectProperty
comment: DEPRECATED This relation is similar to but different in important respects to the characteristic-of relation. See comments on that relation for more information.
deprecated: true

DEPRECATED bearer of
type: ObjectProperty
deprecated: true

realized in response to
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causally related to
domain: realizable entity
range: process
property chain axiom: realized in
property chain axiom: causally downstream of
example of usage: A drought sensitivity trait that inheres in a whole plant is realized in a systemic response process in response to exposure to drought conditions.
example of usage: An inflammatory disease that is realized in response to an inflammatory process occurring in the gut (which is itself the realization of a process realized in response to harmful stimuli in the mucosal lining of th gut)
example of usage: Environmental polymorphism in butterflies: These butterflies have a 'responsivity to day length trait' that is realized in response to the duration of the day, and is realized in developmental processes that lead to increased or decreased pigmentation in the adult morph.
definition: r 'realized in response to' s iff, r is a realizable (e.g. a plant trait such as responsivity to drought), s is an environmental stimulus (a process), and s directly causes the realization of r.
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6996-0040
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8461-9745
has_exact_synonym: triggered by process

Axiom
annotated source: realized in response to
annotated property: has_exact_synonym
annotated target: triggered by process
has cross-reference: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165

generically depends on
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: is carrier of
domain: generically dependent continuant
range: independent continuant
property chain axiom: characteristic of
property chain axiom: is concretized as
example of usage: Genetic information generically depend on molecules of DNA.
example of usage: The novel *War and Peace* generically depends on this copy of the novel.
example of usage: The pattern shared by chess boards generically depends on any chess board.
example of usage: The score of a symphony g-depends on a copy of the score.
example of usage: This pdf file generically depends on this server.
definition: A generically dependent continuant *b* generically depends on an independent continuant *c* at time *t* means: there inheres in *c* a specifically deendent continuant which concretizes *b* at *t*.
definition source: [072-ISO]
has_exact_synonym: g-depends on

is carrier of
type: ObjectProperty
domain: independent continuant
range: generically dependent continuant
property chain axiom: concretizes
property chain axiom: has characteristic
example of usage: Molecules of DNA are carriers of genetic information.
example of usage: This copy of *War and Peace* is carrier of the novel written by Tolstoy.
example of usage: This hard drive is carrier of these data items.
definition: *b* is carrier of *c* at time *t* if and only if *c* *g-depends on* *b* at *t*
definition source: [072-ISO]

regulates activity of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causally influences
domain: material entity
range: material entity
definition: The entity A has an activity that regulates an activity of the entity B. For example, A and B are gene products where the catalytic activity of A regulates the kinase activity of B.
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4639-4431

indirectly causally upstream of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causally upstream of
definition: p is indirectly causally upstream of q iff p is causally upstream of q and there exists some process r such that p is causally upstream of r and r is causally upstream of q.

indirectly regulates
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: regulates
sub property of: indirectly causally upstream of
definition: p indirectly regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p regulates q.

device utilizes material
type: ObjectProperty
property chain axiom: capable of
property chain axiom: has input
example of usage: A diagnostic testing device utilizes a specimen.
definition: X device utilizes material Y means X and Y are material entities, and X is capable of some process P that has input Y.
curator note: A diagnostic testing device utilizes a specimen means that the diagnostic testing device is capable of an assay, and this assay a specimen as its input.
curator note: See github ticket https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/issues/497
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9625-1899
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2620-0345

regulates characteristic
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causally related to
domain: process
range: quality
property chain axiom: regulates
definition: A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in the existence of C OR affects the intensity or magnitude of C.
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8688-6599

positively regulates characteristic
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: regulates characteristic
property chain axiom: positively regulates
definition: A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) positively regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in an increase in the intensity or magnitude of C.
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8688-6599

negatively regulates characteristic
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: regulates characteristic
property chain axiom: negatively regulates
property chain axiom: positively regulates characteristic
property chain axiom: positively regulates
definition: A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) negatively regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in a decrease in the intensity or magnitude of C.
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8688-6599

has measurement value
type: DatatypeProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: scalar measurement datum
range: double

has x coordinate value
type: DatatypeProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: cartesian spatial coordinate datum
range: float

has z coordinate value
type: DatatypeProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: cartesian spatial coordinate datum
range: float

has y coordinate value
type: DatatypeProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: cartesian spatial coordinate datum
range: float

date
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: one-dimensional temporal region
range: string
comment: The only valid string values for this property are ISO 8601 formatted date strings in extended form. It is allowable specify only the year, e.g. '2016' but only when the 1D temporal region references the entire year. Ditto for month, e.g. 2016-04 is acceptable but only if it references the entire interval of that month.

time of day
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Class
  union of: one-dimensional temporal region
  union of: zero-dimensional temporal region
range: string
alternative label: time

software development
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: obsolete planned process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has specified output
    some values from: Class
      union of: software
      union of: source code module
subclass of: obsolete planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: Class
    union of: software
    union of: source code module
definition: A planned process that has specified output a software product and that involves the creation of source code.
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen
definition editor: William R. Hogan
definition source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_development
elucidation: A planned process resulting in a software product involving the creation of source code.

count
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: data item
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is specified output of
    some values from: counting
subclass of: measurement datum
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is specified output of
  some values from: counting
definition: A measurement datum that is the output of counting.
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen
elucidation: A measurement datum that is the output of counting.

counting
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: obsolete planned process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has specified output
    some values from: count
subclass of: obsolete planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: count
definition: The planned process of finding the number of elements in a finite set of objects.
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen
definition source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counting
elucidation: The planned process of finding the number of elements in a finite set of objects.

geographical movement of organism
type: Class
subclass of: behavior
definition: A behavior of one or more organisms that is characterized by the displacement from one geographic region to some target geographic region, and is the realization of either a biological function or (a concretization of) an objective specification.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
definition editor: William R. Hogan
elucidation: A behavior of one or more organisms that is characterized by the displacement from one geographic region to some target geographic region, and is the realization of either a biological function or (a concretization of) an objective specification.

source code repository
type: Class
subclass of: document
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: source code module
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: data item
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: is about
      some values from: source code module
editor preferred term: software source code version control repository
definition: A document that comprises at least one source code module and provenance data about who contributed the set of files making up the module(s), and optionally comprises also multiple versions of files with detailed change history about who committed files and when, a license for the software, readme files, documentation, executables, etc.
definition editor: William R. Hogan
comment: Refers to the stuff that lives on GitHub, not to GitHub or the git software on which it is based

compiling software
type: Class
subclass of: software development
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has_specified_input
    some values from: Class
      union of: software
      union of: source code module
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has specified output
    some values from: software
editor preferred term: process of compiling software
definition: A planned process that converts human-written or curated software into a machine-executable or interpretable set of instructions.
definition editor: William R. Hogan
comment: It's compiling "software" (scare quotes) and not "source code" because you can compile Java bytecode to machine code, and Java bytecode is not technically "source code". Compiling source code would be a subclass of this class (as would compiling Java bytecode, etc.).
comment: Source code can be automatically generated to some extent, but we're assuming humans still curate it minimally. Also, in the case of Java and its JVM, it's machine interpretable instructions, not directly executable. Ditto for other languages with intermediate form like Java byte code.

human travel
type: Class
subclass of: geographical movement of organism
definition: A geographical migration of an organism belonging to the species Homo sapiens.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
definition editor: William R. Hogan

dataset creating
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: obsolete planned process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has specified output
    some values from: data set
subclass of: obsolete planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: data set
editor preferred term: creating a data set
definition: A planned process that has a data set as its specified output.
definition editor: William R. Hogan
alternative label: data set creation
alternative label: dataset creation

entity
type: Class
subclass of: Thing
BFO OWL specification label: entity
BFO CLIF specification label: Entity
example of usage: Julius Caesar
example of usage: Verdi’s Requiem
example of usage: the Second World War
example of usage: your body mass index
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: In all areas of empirical inquiry we encounter general terms of two sorts. First are general terms which refer to universals or types:animaltuberculosissurgical procedurediseaseSecond, are general terms used to refer to groups of entities which instantiate a given universal but do not correspond to the extension of any subuniversal of that universal because there is nothing intrinsic to the entities in question by virtue of which they – and only they – are counted as belonging to the given group. Examples are: animal purchased by the Emperortuberculosis diagnosed on a Wednesdaysurgical procedure performed on a patient from Stockholmperson identified as candidate for clinical trial #2056-555person who is signatory of Form 656-PPVpainting by Leonardo da VinciSuch terms, which represent what are called ‘specializations’ in [81
editor note: Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf
elucidation: An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001])

Axiom
annotated source: entity
annotated property: editor note
annotated target: Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/0000004
comment: per discussion with Barry Smith

Axiom
annotated source: entity
annotated property: elucidation
annotated target: An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/001-001

continuant
type: Class
subclass of: entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of
  all values from: continuant
disjoint with: occurrent
disjoint with: Restriction
  on property: part of
  some values from: occurrent
BFO OWL specification label: continuant
BFO CLIF specification label: Continuant
definition: An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts.
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: Continuant entities are entities which can be sliced to yield parts only along the spatial dimension, yielding for example the parts of your table which we call its legs, its top, its nails. ‘My desk stretches from the window to the door. It has spatial parts, and can be sliced (in space) in two. With respect to time, however, a thing is a continuant.’ [60, p. 240
editor note: Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants
elucidation: A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002])
has associated axiom(nl): if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001])
has associated axiom(nl): if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002])
has associated axiom(nl): if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002])
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002]

Axiom
annotated source: continuant
annotated property: editor note
annotated target: Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/0000007

Axiom
annotated source: continuant
annotated property: elucidation
annotated target: A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/008-002

Axiom
annotated source: continuant
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
annotated target: if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/126-001

Axiom
annotated source: continuant
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
annotated target: if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/009-002

Axiom
annotated source: continuant
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
annotated target: if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/011-002

Axiom
annotated source: continuant
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/009-002

Axiom
annotated source: continuant
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/126-001

Axiom
annotated source: continuant
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/008-002

Axiom
annotated source: continuant
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/011-002

occurrent
type: Class
subclass of: entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of
  all values from: occurrent
disjoint with: Restriction
  on property: part of
  some values from: continuant
BFO OWL specification label: occurrent
BFO CLIF specification label: Occurrent
definition: An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time.
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: every occurrent that is not a temporal or spatiotemporal region is s-dependent on some independent continuant that is not a spatial region
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: s-dependence obtains between every process and its participants in the sense that, as a matter of necessity, this process could not have existed unless these or those participants existed also. A process may have a succession of participants at different phases of its unfolding. Thus there may be different players on the field at different times during the course of a football game; but the process which is the entire game s-depends_on all of these players nonetheless. Some temporal parts of this process will s-depend_on on only some of the players.
editor note: Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process.
editor note: Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame.
elucidation: An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002])
has associated axiom(nl): Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001])
has associated axiom(nl): b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001])
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001]

Axiom
annotated source: occurrent
annotated property: editor note
annotated target: Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process.
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/0000006
comment: per discussion with Barry Smith

Axiom
annotated source: occurrent
annotated property: editor note
annotated target: Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame.
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/0000012

Axiom
annotated source: occurrent
annotated property: elucidation
annotated target: An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/077-002

Axiom
annotated source: occurrent
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
annotated target: Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/108-001

Axiom
annotated source: occurrent
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
annotated target: b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/079-001

Axiom
annotated source: occurrent
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/108-001

Axiom
annotated source: occurrent
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/079-001

independent continuant
type: Class
subclass of: continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of
  all values from: independent continuant
disjoint with: specifically dependent continuant
disjoint with: generically dependent continuant
BFO OWL specification label: ic
BFO CLIF specification label: IndependentContinuant
example of usage: a chair
example of usage: a heart
example of usage: a leg
example of usage: a molecule
example of usage: a spatial region
example of usage: an atom
example of usage: an orchestra.
example of usage: an organism
example of usage: the bottom right portion of a human torso
example of usage: the interior of your mouth
definition: b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002])
has associated axiom(nl): For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001])
has associated axiom(nl): For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002])
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002]
has associated axiom(fol): (iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002]
comment: A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything.

Axiom
annotated source: independent continuant
annotated property: definition
annotated target: b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/017-002

Axiom
annotated source: independent continuant
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
annotated target: For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/134-001

Axiom
annotated source: independent continuant
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
annotated target: For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/018-002

Axiom
annotated source: independent continuant
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/134-001

Axiom
annotated source: independent continuant
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/018-002

Axiom
annotated source: independent continuant
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/017-002

spatial region
type: Class
subclass of: immaterial entity
disjoint with: site
disjoint with: continuant fiat boundary
BFO OWL specification label: s-region
BFO CLIF specification label: SpatialRegion
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: Spatial regions do not participate in processes.
editor note: Spatial region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the union of a spatial point and a spatial line that doesn't overlap the point, or two spatial lines that intersect at a single point. In both cases the resultant spatial region is neither 0-dimensional, 1-dimensional, 2-dimensional, or 3-dimensional.
elucidation: A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant_part_of spaceR as defined relative to some frame R. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [035-001])
has associated axiom(nl): All continuant parts of spatial regions are spatial regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [036-001])
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y t) (if (and (SpatialRegion x) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (SpatialRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [036-001]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (SpatialRegion x) (Continuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [035-001]

Axiom
annotated source: spatial region
annotated property: editor note
annotated target: Spatial region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the union of a spatial point and a spatial line that doesn't overlap the point, or two spatial lines that intersect at a single point. In both cases the resultant spatial region is neither 0-dimensional, 1-dimensional, 2-dimensional, or 3-dimensional.
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/0000002
comment: per discussion with Barry Smith

Axiom
annotated source: spatial region
annotated property: elucidation
annotated target: A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant_part_of spaceR as defined relative to some frame R. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [035-001])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/035-001

Axiom
annotated source: spatial region
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
annotated target: All continuant parts of spatial regions are spatial regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [036-001])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/036-001

Axiom
annotated source: spatial region
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x y t) (if (and (SpatialRegion x) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (SpatialRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [036-001]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/036-001

Axiom
annotated source: spatial region
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (SpatialRegion x) (Continuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [035-001]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/035-001

temporal region
type: Class
subclass of: occurrent
disjoint with: spatiotemporal region
disjoint with: process
disjoint with: process boundary
BFO OWL specification label: t-region
BFO CLIF specification label: TemporalRegion
editor note: Temporal region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of a temporal instant and a temporal interval that doesn't overlap the instant. In this case the resultant temporal region is neither 0-dimensional nor 1-dimensional
elucidation: A temporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of time as defined relative to some reference frame. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [100-001])
has associated axiom(nl): All parts of temporal regions are temporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [101-001])
has associated axiom(nl): Every temporal region t is such that t occupies_temporal_region t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [119-002])
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (r) (if (TemporalRegion r) (occupiesTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [119-002]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y) (if (and (TemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (TemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [101-001]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (TemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [100-001]

Axiom
annotated source: temporal region
annotated property: editor note
annotated target: Temporal region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of a temporal instant and a temporal interval that doesn't overlap the instant. In this case the resultant temporal region is neither 0-dimensional nor 1-dimensional
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/0000003
comment: per discussion with Barry Smith

Axiom
annotated source: temporal region
annotated property: elucidation
annotated target: A temporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of time as defined relative to some reference frame. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [100-001])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/100-001

Axiom
annotated source: temporal region
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
annotated target: All parts of temporal regions are temporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [101-001])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/101-001

Axiom
annotated source: temporal region
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
annotated target: Every temporal region t is such that t occupies_temporal_region t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [119-002])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/119-002

Axiom
annotated source: temporal region
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (r) (if (TemporalRegion r) (occupiesTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [119-002]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/119-002

Axiom
annotated source: temporal region
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x y) (if (and (TemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (TemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [101-001]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/101-001

Axiom
annotated source: temporal region
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (TemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [100-001]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/100-001

two-dimensional spatial region
type: Class
subclass of: spatial region
disjoint with: three-dimensional spatial region
BFO OWL specification label: 2d-s-region
BFO CLIF specification label: TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion
example of usage: an infinitely thin plane in space.
example of usage: the surface of a sphere-shaped part of space
elucidation: A two-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of two dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [039-001])
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [039-001]

Axiom
annotated source: two-dimensional spatial region
annotated property: elucidation
annotated target: A two-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of two dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [039-001])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/039-001

Axiom
annotated source: two-dimensional spatial region
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [039-001]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/039-001

spatiotemporal region
type: Class
subclass of: occurrent
BFO OWL specification label: st-region
BFO CLIF specification label: SpatiotemporalRegion
example of usage: the spatiotemporal region occupied by a human life
example of usage: the spatiotemporal region occupied by a process of cellular meiosis.
example of usage: the spatiotemporal region occupied by the development of a cancer tumor
elucidation: A spatiotemporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of spacetime. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [095-001])
has associated axiom(nl): All parts of spatiotemporal regions are spatiotemporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [096-001])
has associated axiom(nl): Each spatiotemporal region at any time t projects_onto some spatial region at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [099-001])
has associated axiom(nl): Each spatiotemporal region projects_onto some temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [098-001])
has associated axiom(nl): Every spatiotemporal region occupies_spatiotemporal_region itself.
has associated axiom(nl): Every spatiotemporal region s is such that s occupies_spatiotemporal_region s. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [107-002])
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (r) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [107-002]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x t) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (exists (y) (and (SpatialRegion y) (spatiallyProjectsOntoAt x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [099-001]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y) (if (and (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (SpatioTemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [096-001]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [095-001]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (exists (y) (and (TemporalRegion y) (temporallyProjectsOnto x y))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [098-001]

Axiom
annotated source: spatiotemporal region
annotated property: elucidation
annotated target: A spatiotemporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of spacetime. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [095-001])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/095-001

Axiom
annotated source: spatiotemporal region
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
annotated target: All parts of spatiotemporal regions are spatiotemporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [096-001])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/096-001

Axiom
annotated source: spatiotemporal region
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
annotated target: Each spatiotemporal region at any time t projects_onto some spatial region at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [099-001])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/099-001

Axiom
annotated source: spatiotemporal region
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
annotated target: Each spatiotemporal region projects_onto some temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [098-001])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/098-001

Axiom
annotated source: spatiotemporal region
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
annotated target: Every spatiotemporal region s is such that s occupies_spatiotemporal_region s. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [107-002])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/107-002

Axiom
annotated source: spatiotemporal region
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (r) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [107-002]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/107-002

Axiom
annotated source: spatiotemporal region
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x t) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (exists (y) (and (SpatialRegion y) (spatiallyProjectsOntoAt x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [099-001]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/099-001

Axiom
annotated source: spatiotemporal region
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x y) (if (and (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (SpatioTemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [096-001]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/096-001

Axiom
annotated source: spatiotemporal region
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [095-001]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/095-001

Axiom
annotated source: spatiotemporal region
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (exists (y) (and (TemporalRegion y) (temporallyProjectsOnto x y))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [098-001]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/098-001

process
type: Class
subclass of: occurrent
BFO OWL specification label: process
BFO CLIF specification label: Process
example of usage: a process of cell-division, \ a beating of the heart
example of usage: a process of meiosis
example of usage: a process of sleeping
example of usage: the course of a disease
example of usage: the flight of a bird
example of usage: the life of an organism
example of usage: your process of aging.
definition: An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t.
definition: p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003])
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: The realm of occurrents is less pervasively marked by the presence of natural units than is the case in the realm of independent continuants. Thus there is here no counterpart of ‘object’. In BFO 1.0 ‘process’ served as such a counterpart. In BFO 2.0 ‘process’ is, rather, the occurrent counterpart of ‘material entity’. Those natural – as contrasted with engineered, which here means: deliberately executed – units which do exist in the realm of occurrents are typically either parasitic on the existence of natural units on the continuant side, or they are fiat in nature. Thus we can count lives; we can count football games; we can count chemical reactions performed in experiments or in chemical manufacturing. We cannot count the processes taking place, for instance, in an episode of insect mating behavior.Even where natural units are identifiable, for example cycles in a cyclical process such as the beating of a heart or an organism’s sleep/wake cycle, the processes in question form a sequence with no discontinuities (temporal gaps) of the sort that we find for instance where billiard balls or zebrafish or planets are separated by clear spatial gaps. Lives of organisms are process units, but they too unfold in a continuous series from other, prior processes such as fertilization, and they unfold in turn in continuous series of post-life processes such as post-mortem decay. Clear examples of boundaries of processes are almost always of the fiat sort (midnight, a time of death as declared in an operating theater or on a death certificate, the initiation of a state of war)
has associated axiom(fol): (iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003]
comment: An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t.

Axiom
annotated source: process
annotated property: definition
annotated target: p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/083-003

Axiom
annotated source: process
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/083-003

disposition
type: Class
subclass of: realizable entity
disjoint with: role
BFO OWL specification label: disposition
BFO CLIF specification label: Disposition
example of usage: an atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y
example of usage: certain people have a predisposition to colon cancer
example of usage: children are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways.
example of usage: the cell wall is disposed to filter chemicals in endocytosis and exocytosis
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: Dispositions exist along a strength continuum. Weaker forms of disposition are realized in only a fraction of triggering cases. These forms occur in a significant number of cases of a similar type.
elucidation: b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002])
has associated axiom(nl): If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002])
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002]

Axiom
annotated source: disposition
annotated property: elucidation
annotated target: b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/062-002

Axiom
annotated source: disposition
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
annotated target: If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/063-002

Axiom
annotated source: disposition
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/063-002

Axiom
annotated source: disposition
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/062-002

realizable entity
type: Class
subclass of: specifically dependent continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of
  all values from: realizable entity
disjoint with: quality
BFO OWL specification label: realizable
BFO CLIF specification label: RealizableEntity
example of usage: the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity.
example of usage: the disposition of your blood to coagulate
example of usage: the function of your reproductive organs
example of usage: the role of being a doctor
example of usage: the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet
definition: A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances.
elucidation: To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002])
has associated axiom(nl): All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002])
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002]

Axiom
annotated source: realizable entity
annotated property: elucidation
annotated target: To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/058-002

Axiom
annotated source: realizable entity
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
annotated target: All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/060-002

Axiom
annotated source: realizable entity
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/060-002

Axiom
annotated source: realizable entity
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/058-002

zero-dimensional spatial region
type: Class
subclass of: spatial region
disjoint with: three-dimensional spatial region
BFO OWL specification label: 0d-s-region
BFO CLIF specification label: ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion
elucidation: A zero-dimensional spatial region is a point in space. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [037-001])
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [037-001]

Axiom
annotated source: zero-dimensional spatial region
annotated property: elucidation
annotated target: A zero-dimensional spatial region is a point in space. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [037-001])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/037-001

Axiom
annotated source: zero-dimensional spatial region
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [037-001]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/037-001

quality
type: Class
subclass of: specifically dependent continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of
  all values from: quality
BFO OWL specification label: quality
BFO CLIF specification label: Quality
example of usage: the ambient temperature of this portion of air
example of usage: the color of a tomato
example of usage: the length of the circumference of your waist
example of usage: the mass of this piece of gold.
example of usage: the shape of your nose
example of usage: the shape of your nostril
elucidation: a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001])
has associated axiom(nl): If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001])
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (Quality x) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [055-001]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (exists (t) (and (existsAt x t) (Quality x))) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (Quality x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [105-001]

Axiom
annotated source: quality
annotated property: elucidation
annotated target: a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/055-001

Axiom
annotated source: quality
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
annotated target: If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/105-001

Axiom
annotated source: quality
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (Quality x) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [055-001]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/055-001

Axiom
annotated source: quality
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (exists (t) (and (existsAt x t) (Quality x))) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (Quality x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [105-001]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/105-001

specifically dependent continuant
type: Class
subclass of: continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of
  all values from: specifically dependent continuant
disjoint with: generically dependent continuant
BFO OWL specification label: sdc
BFO CLIF specification label: SpecificallyDependentContinuant
example of usage: Reciprocal specifically dependent continuants: the function of this key to open this lock and the mutually dependent disposition of this lock: to be opened by this key
example of usage: of one-sided specifically dependent continuants: the mass of this tomato
example of usage: of relational dependent continuants (multiple bearers): John’s love for Mary, the ownership relation between John and this statue, the relation of authority between John and his subordinates.
example of usage: the disposition of this fish to decay
example of usage: the function of this heart: to pump blood
example of usage: the mutual dependence of proton donors and acceptors in chemical reactions [79
example of usage: the mutual dependence of the role predator and the role prey as played by two organisms in a given interaction
example of usage: the pink color of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its center
example of usage: the role of being a doctor
example of usage: the shape of this hole.
example of usage: the smell of this portion of mozzarella
definition: A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same.
definition: b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003])
editor note: Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc.
has associated axiom(fol): (iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003]
comment: A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same.

Axiom
annotated source: specifically dependent continuant
annotated property: definition
annotated target: b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/050-003

Axiom
annotated source: specifically dependent continuant
annotated property: editor note
annotated target: Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc.
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/0000005
comment: per discussion with Barry Smith

Axiom
annotated source: specifically dependent continuant
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/050-003

role
type: Class
subclass of: realizable entity
BFO OWL specification label: role
BFO CLIF specification label: Role
example of usage: John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married.
example of usage: the priest role
example of usage: the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighboring administrative territories
example of usage: the role of a building in serving as a military target
example of usage: the role of a stone in marking a property boundary
example of usage: the role of subject in a clinical trial
example of usage: the student role
definition: A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts.
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: One major family of examples of non-rigid universals involves roles, and ontologies developed for corresponding administrative purposes may consist entirely of representatives of entities of this sort. Thus ‘professor’, defined as follows,b instance_of professor at t =Def. there is some c, c instance_of professor role & c inheres_in b at t.denotes a non-rigid universal and so also do ‘nurse’, ‘student’, ‘colonel’, ‘taxpayer’, and so forth. (These terms are all, in the jargon of philosophy, phase sortals.) By using role terms in definitions, we can create a BFO conformant treatment of such entities drawing on the fact that, while an instance of professor may be simultaneously an instance of trade union member, no instance of the type professor role is also (at any time) an instance of the type trade union member role (any more than any instance of the type color is at any time an instance of the type length).If an ontology of employment positions should be defined in terms of roles following the above pattern, this enables the ontology to do justice to the fact that individuals instantiate the corresponding universals – professor, sergeant, nurse – only during certain phases in their lives.
elucidation: b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001])
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001]

Axiom
annotated source: role
annotated property: elucidation
annotated target: b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/061-001

Axiom
annotated source: role
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/061-001

fiat object part
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
BFO OWL specification label: fiat-object-part
BFO CLIF specification label: FiatObjectPart
example of usage: or with divisions drawn by cognitive subjects for practical reasons, such as the division of a cake (before slicing) into (what will become) slices (and thus member parts of an object aggregate). However, this does not mean that fiat object parts are dependent for their existence on divisions or delineations effected by cognitive subjects. If, for example, it is correct to conceive geological layers of the Earth as fiat object parts of the Earth, then even though these layers were first delineated in recent times, still existed long before such delineation and what holds of these layers (for example that the oldest layers are also the lowest layers) did not begin to hold because of our acts of delineation.Treatment of material entity in BFOExamples viewed by some as problematic cases for the trichotomy of fiat object part, object, and object aggregate include: a mussel on (and attached to) a rock, a slime mold, a pizza, a cloud, a galaxy, a railway train with engine and multiple carriages, a clonal stand of quaking aspen, a bacterial community (biofilm), a broken femur. Note that, as Aristotle already clearly recognized, such problematic cases – which lie at or near the penumbra of instances defined by the categories in question – need not invalidate these categories. The existence of grey objects does not prove that there are not objects which are black and objects which are white; the existence of mules does not prove that there are not objects which are donkeys and objects which are horses. It does, however, show that the examples in question need to be addressed carefully in order to show how they can be fitted into the proposed scheme, for example by recognizing additional subdivisions [29
example of usage: the FMA:regional parts of an intact human body.
example of usage: the Western hemisphere of the Earth
example of usage: the division of the brain into regions
example of usage: the division of the planet into hemispheres
example of usage: the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the body
example of usage: the upper and lower lobes of the left lung
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: Most examples of fiat object parts are associated with theoretically drawn divisions
elucidation: b is a fiat object part = Def. b is a material entity which is such that for all times t, if b exists at t then there is some object c such that b proper continuant_part of c at t and c is demarcated from the remainder of c by a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [027-004])
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (FiatObjectPart x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y) (and (Object y) (properContinuantPartOfAt x y t)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [027-004]

Axiom
annotated source: fiat object part
annotated property: elucidation
annotated target: b is a fiat object part = Def. b is a material entity which is such that for all times t, if b exists at t then there is some object c such that b proper continuant_part of c at t and c is demarcated from the remainder of c by a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [027-004])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/027-004

Axiom
annotated source: fiat object part
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (FiatObjectPart x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y) (and (Object y) (properContinuantPartOfAt x y t)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [027-004]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/027-004

one-dimensional spatial region
type: Class
subclass of: spatial region
disjoint with: three-dimensional spatial region
BFO OWL specification label: 1d-s-region
BFO CLIF specification label: OneDimensionalSpatialRegion
example of usage: an edge of a cube-shaped portion of space.
elucidation: A one-dimensional spatial region is a line or aggregate of lines stretching from one point in space to another. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [038-001])
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [038-001]

Axiom
annotated source: one-dimensional spatial region
annotated property: elucidation
annotated target: A one-dimensional spatial region is a line or aggregate of lines stretching from one point in space to another. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [038-001])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/038-001

Axiom
annotated source: one-dimensional spatial region
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [038-001]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/038-001

object aggregate
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
BFO OWL specification label: object-aggregate
BFO CLIF specification label: ObjectAggregate
example of usage: a collection of cells in a blood biobank.
example of usage: a swarm of bees is an aggregate of members who are linked together through natural bonds
example of usage: a symphony orchestra
example of usage: an organization is an aggregate whose member parts have roles of specific types (for example in a jazz band, a chess club, a football team)
example of usage: defined by fiat: the aggregate of members of an organization
example of usage: defined through physical attachment: the aggregate of atoms in a lump of granite
example of usage: defined through physical containment: the aggregate of molecules of carbon dioxide in a sealed container
example of usage: defined via attributive delimitations such as: the patients in this hospital
example of usage: the aggregate of bearings in a constant velocity axle joint
example of usage: the aggregate of blood cells in your body
example of usage: the nitrogen atoms in the atmosphere
example of usage: the restaurants in Palo Alto
example of usage: your collection of Meissen ceramic plates.
editor note: An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: object aggregates may gain and lose parts while remaining numerically identical (one and the same individual) over time. This holds both for aggregates whose membership is determined naturally (the aggregate of cells in your body) and aggregates determined by fiat (a baseball team, a congressional committee).
definition source: ISBN:978-3-938793-98-5pp124-158#Thomas Bittner and Barry Smith, 'A Theory of Granular Partitions', in K. Munn and B. Smith (eds.), Applied Ontology: An Introduction, Frankfurt/Lancaster: ontos, 2008, 125-158.
elucidation: b is an object aggregate means: b is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality of objects as member_parts at all times at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [025-004])
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (ObjectAggregate x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y z) (and (Object y) (Object z) (memberPartOfAt y x t) (memberPartOfAt z x t) (not (= y z)))))) (not (exists (w t_1) (and (memberPartOfAt w x t_1) (not (Object w)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [025-004]

Axiom
annotated source: object aggregate
annotated property: editor note
annotated target: An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/0000011
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/0000301

Axiom
annotated source: object aggregate
annotated property: definition source
annotated target: ISBN:978-3-938793-98-5pp124-158#Thomas Bittner and Barry Smith, 'A Theory of Granular Partitions', in K. Munn and B. Smith (eds.), Applied Ontology: An Introduction, Frankfurt/Lancaster: ontos, 2008, 125-158.
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/0000300

Axiom
annotated source: object aggregate
annotated property: elucidation
annotated target: b is an object aggregate means: b is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality of objects as member_parts at all times at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [025-004])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/025-004

Axiom
annotated source: object aggregate
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (ObjectAggregate x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y z) (and (Object y) (Object z) (memberPartOfAt y x t) (memberPartOfAt z x t) (not (= y z)))))) (not (exists (w t_1) (and (memberPartOfAt w x t_1) (not (Object w)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [025-004]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/025-004

three-dimensional spatial region
type: Class
subclass of: spatial region
BFO OWL specification label: 3d-s-region
BFO CLIF specification label: ThreeDimensionalSpatialRegion
example of usage: a cube-shaped region of space
example of usage: a sphere-shaped region of space,
elucidation: A three-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of three dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [040-001])
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (ThreeDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [040-001]

Axiom
annotated source: three-dimensional spatial region
annotated property: elucidation
annotated target: A three-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of three dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [040-001])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/040-001

Axiom
annotated source: three-dimensional spatial region
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (ThreeDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [040-001]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/040-001

site
type: Class
subclass of: immaterial entity
BFO OWL specification label: site
BFO CLIF specification label: Site
example of usage: Manhattan Canyon)
example of usage: a hole in the interior of a portion of cheese
example of usage: a rabbit hole
example of usage: an air traffic control region defined in the airspace above an airport
example of usage: the Grand Canyon
example of usage: the Piazza San Marco
example of usage: the cockpit of an aircraft
example of usage: the hold of a ship
example of usage: the interior of a kangaroo pouch
example of usage: the interior of the trunk of your car
example of usage: the interior of your bedroom
example of usage: the interior of your office
example of usage: the interior of your refrigerator
example of usage: the lumen of your gut
example of usage: your left nostril (a fiat part – the opening – of your left nasal cavity)
elucidation: b is a site means: b is a three-dimensional immaterial entity that is (partially or wholly) bounded by a material entity or it is a three-dimensional immaterial part thereof. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [034-002])
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (Site x) (ImmaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [034-002]

Axiom
annotated source: site
annotated property: elucidation
annotated target: b is a site means: b is a three-dimensional immaterial entity that is (partially or wholly) bounded by a material entity or it is a three-dimensional immaterial part thereof. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [034-002])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/034-002

Axiom
annotated source: site
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (Site x) (ImmaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [034-002]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/034-002

object
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
BFO OWL specification label: object
BFO CLIF specification label: Object
example of usage: atom
example of usage: cell
example of usage: cells and organisms
example of usage: engineered artifacts
example of usage: grain of sand
example of usage: molecule
example of usage: organelle
example of usage: organism
example of usage: planet
example of usage: solid portions of matter
example of usage: star
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: BFO rests on the presupposition that at multiple micro-, meso- and macroscopic scales reality exhibits certain stable, spatially separated or separable material units, combined or combinable into aggregates of various sorts (for example organisms into what are called ‘populations’). Such units play a central role in almost all domains of natural science from particle physics to cosmology. Many scientific laws govern the units in question, employing general terms (such as ‘molecule’ or ‘planet’) referring to the types and subtypes of units, and also to the types and subtypes of the processes through which such units develop and interact. The division of reality into such natural units is at the heart of biological science, as also is the fact that these units may form higher-level units (as cells form multicellular organisms) and that they may also form aggregates of units, for example as cells form portions of tissue and organs form families, herds, breeds, species, and so on. At the same time, the division of certain portions of reality into engineered units (manufactured artifacts) is the basis of modern industrial technology, which rests on the distributed mass production of engineered parts through division of labor and on their assembly into larger, compound units such as cars and laptops. The division of portions of reality into units is one starting point for the phenomenon of counting.
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: Each object is such that there are entities of which we can assert unproblematically that they lie in its interior, and other entities of which we can assert unproblematically that they lie in its exterior. This may not be so for entities lying at or near the boundary between the interior and exterior. This means that two objects – for example the two cells depicted in Figure 3 – may be such that there are material entities crossing their boundaries which belong determinately to neither cell. Something similar obtains in certain cases of conjoined twins (see below).
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: To say that b is causally unified means: b is a material entity which is such that its material parts are tied together in such a way that, in environments typical for entities of the type in question,if c, a continuant part of b that is in the interior of b at t, is larger than a certain threshold size (which will be determined differently from case to case, depending on factors such as porosity of external cover) and is moved in space to be at t at a location on the exterior of the spatial region that had been occupied by b at t, then either b’s other parts will be moved in coordinated fashion or b will be damaged (be affected, for example, by breakage or tearing) in the interval between t and t.causal changes in one part of b can have consequences for other parts of b without the mediation of any entity that lies on the exterior of b. Material entities with no proper material parts would satisfy these conditions trivially. Candidate examples of types of causal unity for material entities of more complex sorts are as follows (this is not intended to be an exhaustive list):CU1: Causal unity via physical coveringHere the parts in the interior of the unified entity are combined together causally through a common membrane or other physical covering\. The latter points outwards toward and may serve a protective function in relation to what lies on the exterior of the entity [13, 47
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: an object is a maximal causally unified material entity
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: ‘objects’ are sometimes referred to as ‘grains’ [74
elucidation: b is an object means: b is a material entity which manifests causal unity of one or other of the types CUn listed above & is of a type (a material universal) instances of which are maximal relative to this criterion of causal unity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [024-001])

Axiom
annotated source: object
annotated property: elucidation
annotated target: b is an object means: b is a material entity which manifests causal unity of one or other of the types CUn listed above & is of a type (a material universal) instances of which are maximal relative to this criterion of causal unity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [024-001])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/024-001

generically dependent continuant
type: Class
subclass of: continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of
  all values from: generically dependent continuant
BFO OWL specification label: gdc
BFO CLIF specification label: GenericallyDependentContinuant
example of usage: The entries in your database are patterns instantiated as quality instances in your hard drive. The database itself is an aggregate of such patterns. When you create the database you create a particular instance of the generically dependent continuant type database. Each entry in the database is an instance of the generically dependent continuant type IAO: information content entity.
example of usage: the pdf file on your laptop, the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop
example of usage: the sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule.
definition: A continuant that is dependent on one or other independent continuant bearers. For every instance of A requires some instance of (an independent continuant type) B but which instance of B serves can change from time to time.
definition: b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001])
has associated axiom(fol): (iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001]
comment: A continuant that is dependent on one or other independent continuant bearers. For every instance of A requires some instance of (an independent continuant type) B but which instance of B serves can change from time to time.

Axiom
annotated source: generically dependent continuant
annotated property: definition
annotated target: b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/074-001

Axiom
annotated source: generically dependent continuant
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/074-001

function
type: Class
subclass of: disposition
BFO OWL specification label: function
BFO CLIF specification label: Function
example of usage: the function of a hammer to drive in nails
example of usage: the function of a heart pacemaker to regulate the beating of a heart through electricity
example of usage: the function of amylase in saliva to break down starch into sugar
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: In the past, we have distinguished two varieties of function, artifactual function and biological function. These are not asserted subtypes of BFO:function however, since the same function – for example: to pump, to transport – can exist both in artifacts and in biological entities. The asserted subtypes of function that would be needed in order to yield a separate monoheirarchy are not artifactual function, biological function, etc., but rather transporting function, pumping function, etc.
elucidation: A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up and this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being, either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artifacts), in order to realize processes of a certain sort. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [064-001])
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (Function x) (Disposition x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [064-001]

Axiom
annotated source: function
annotated property: elucidation
annotated target: A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up and this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being, either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artifacts), in order to realize processes of a certain sort. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [064-001])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/064-001

Axiom
annotated source: function
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (Function x) (Disposition x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [064-001]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/064-001

process boundary
type: Class
subclass of: occurrent
BFO OWL specification label: p-boundary
BFO CLIF specification label: ProcessBoundary
example of usage: the boundary between the 2nd and 3rd year of your life.
definition: p is a process boundary =Def. p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [084-001])
has associated axiom(nl): Every process boundary occupies_temporal_region a zero-dimensional temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [085-002])
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (ProcessBoundary x) (exists (y) (and (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion y) (occupiesTemporalRegion x y))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [085-002]
has associated axiom(fol): (iff (ProcessBoundary a) (exists (p) (and (Process p) (temporalPartOf a p) (not (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [084-001]

Axiom
annotated source: process boundary
annotated property: definition
annotated target: p is a process boundary =Def. p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [084-001])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/084-001

Axiom
annotated source: process boundary
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
annotated target: Every process boundary occupies_temporal_region a zero-dimensional temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [085-002])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/085-002

Axiom
annotated source: process boundary
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (ProcessBoundary x) (exists (y) (and (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion y) (occupiesTemporalRegion x y))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [085-002]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/085-002

Axiom
annotated source: process boundary
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (iff (ProcessBoundary a) (exists (p) (and (Process p) (temporalPartOf a p) (not (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [084-001]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/084-001

one-dimensional temporal region
type: Class
subclass of: temporal region
disjoint with: zero-dimensional temporal region
BFO OWL specification label: 1d-t-region
BFO CLIF specification label: OneDimensionalTemporalRegion
example of usage: the temporal region during which a process occurs.
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: A temporal interval is a special kind of one-dimensional temporal region, namely one that is self-connected (is without gaps or breaks).
elucidation: A one-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is extended. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [103-001])
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [103-001]

Axiom
annotated source: one-dimensional temporal region
annotated property: elucidation
annotated target: A one-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is extended. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [103-001])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/103-001

Axiom
annotated source: one-dimensional temporal region
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [103-001]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/103-001

material entity
type: Class
subclass of: independent continuant
disjoint with: immaterial entity
BFO OWL specification label: material
BFO CLIF specification label: MaterialEntity
example of usage: a flame
example of usage: a forest fire
example of usage: a human being
example of usage: a hurricane
example of usage: a photon
example of usage: a puff of smoke
example of usage: a sea wave
example of usage: a tornado
example of usage: an aggregate of human beings.
example of usage: an energy wave
example of usage: an epidemic
example of usage: the undetached arm of a human being
definition: An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time.
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: Material entities (continuants) can preserve their identity even while gaining and losing material parts. Continuants are contrasted with occurrents, which unfold themselves in successive temporal parts or phases [60
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: Object, Fiat Object Part and Object Aggregate are not intended to be exhaustive of Material Entity. Users are invited to propose new subcategories of Material Entity.
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: ‘Matter’ is intended to encompass both mass and energy (we will address the ontological treatment of portions of energy in a later version of BFO). A portion of matter is anything that includes elementary particles among its proper or improper parts: quarks and leptons, including electrons, as the smallest particles thus far discovered; baryons (including protons and neutrons) at a higher level of granularity; atoms and molecules at still higher levels, forming the cells, organs, organisms and other material entities studied by biologists, the portions of rock studied by geologists, the fossils studied by paleontologists, and so on.Material entities are three-dimensional entities (entities extended in three spatial dimensions), as contrasted with the processes in which they participate, which are four-dimensional entities (entities extended also along the dimension of time).According to the FMA, material entities may have immaterial entities as parts – including the entities identified below as sites; for example the interior (or ‘lumen’) of your small intestine is a part of your body. BFO 2.0 embodies a decision to follow the FMA here.
editor note: Elucidation: An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time.
elucidation: A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002])
has associated axiom(nl): Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002])
has associated axiom(nl): every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002])
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002]

Axiom
annotated source: material entity
annotated property: elucidation
annotated target: A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/019-002

Axiom
annotated source: material entity
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
annotated target: Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/020-002

Axiom
annotated source: material entity
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
annotated target: every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/021-002

Axiom
annotated source: material entity
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/019-002

Axiom
annotated source: material entity
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/021-002

Axiom
annotated source: material entity
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/020-002

continuant fiat boundary
type: Class
subclass of: immaterial entity
BFO OWL specification label: cf-boundary
BFO CLIF specification label: ContinuantFiatBoundary
definition: b is a continuant fiat boundary = Def. b is an immaterial entity that is of zero, one or two dimensions and does not include a spatial region as part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [029-001])
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: In BFO 1.1 the assumption was made that the external surface of a material entity such as a cell could be treated as if it were a boundary in the mathematical sense. The new document propounds the view that when we talk about external surfaces of material objects in this way then we are talking about something fiat. To be dealt with in a future version: fiat boundaries at different levels of granularity.More generally, the focus in discussion of boundaries in BFO 2.0 is now on fiat boundaries, which means: boundaries for which there is no assumption that they coincide with physical discontinuities. The ontology of boundaries becomes more closely allied with the ontology of regions.
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: a continuant fiat boundary is a boundary of some material entity (for example: the plane separating the Northern and Southern hemispheres; the North Pole), or it is a boundary of some immaterial entity (for example of some portion of airspace). Three basic kinds of continuant fiat boundary can be distinguished (together with various combination kinds [29
editor note: Continuant fiat boundary doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary and a one dimensional continuant fiat boundary that doesn't overlap it. The situation is analogous to temporal and spatial regions.
has associated axiom(nl): Every continuant fiat boundary is located at some spatial region at every time at which it exists
has associated axiom(fol): (iff (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ImmaterialEntity a) (exists (b) (and (or (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion b)) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))) (not (exists (c t) (and (SpatialRegion c) (continuantPartOfAt c a t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [029-001]

Axiom
annotated source: continuant fiat boundary
annotated property: definition
annotated target: b is a continuant fiat boundary = Def. b is an immaterial entity that is of zero, one or two dimensions and does not include a spatial region as part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [029-001])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/029-001

Axiom
annotated source: continuant fiat boundary
annotated property: editor note
annotated target: Continuant fiat boundary doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary and a one dimensional continuant fiat boundary that doesn't overlap it. The situation is analogous to temporal and spatial regions.
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/0000008

Axiom
annotated source: continuant fiat boundary
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (iff (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ImmaterialEntity a) (exists (b) (and (or (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion b)) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))) (not (exists (c t) (and (SpatialRegion c) (continuantPartOfAt c a t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [029-001]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/029-001

immaterial entity
type: Class
subclass of: independent continuant
BFO OWL specification label: immaterial
BFO CLIF specification label: ImmaterialEntity
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: Immaterial entities are divided into two subgroups:boundaries and sites, which bound, or are demarcated in relation, to material entities, and which can thus change location, shape and size and as their material hosts move or change shape or size (for example: your nasal passage; the hold of a ship; the boundary of Wales (which moves with the rotation of the Earth) [38, 7, 10

one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary
type: Class
subclass of: continuant fiat boundary
disjoint with: two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary
disjoint with: zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary
BFO OWL specification label: 1d-cf-boundary
BFO CLIF specification label: OneDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary
example of usage: The Equator
example of usage: all geopolitical boundaries
example of usage: all lines of latitude and longitude
example of usage: the line separating the outer surface of the mucosa of the lower lip from the outer surface of the skin of the chin.
example of usage: the median sulcus of your tongue
elucidation: a one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a continuous fiat line whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [032-001])
has associated axiom(fol): (iff (OneDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [032-001]

Axiom
annotated source: one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary
annotated property: elucidation
annotated target: a one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a continuous fiat line whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [032-001])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/032-001

Axiom
annotated source: one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (iff (OneDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [032-001]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/032-001

process profile
type: Class
subclass of: process
disjoint with: history
BFO OWL specification label: process-profile
BFO CLIF specification label: ProcessProfile
example of usage: On a somewhat higher level of complexity are what we shall call rate process profiles, which are the targets of selective abstraction focused not on determinate quality magnitudes plotted over time, but rather on certain ratios between these magnitudes and elapsed times. A speed process profile, for example, is represented by a graph plotting against time the ratio of distance covered per unit of time. Since rates may change, and since such changes, too, may have rates of change, we have to deal here with a hierarchy of process profile universals at successive levels
example of usage: One important sub-family of rate process profiles is illustrated by the beat or frequency profiles of cyclical processes, illustrated by the 60 beats per minute beating process of John’s heart, or the 120 beats per minute drumming process involved in one of John’s performances in a rock band, and so on. Each such process includes what we shall call a beat process profile instance as part, a subtype of rate process profile in which the salient ratio is not distance covered but rather number of beat cycles per unit of time. Each beat process profile instance instantiates the determinable universal beat process profile. But it also instantiates multiple more specialized universals at lower levels of generality, selected from rate process profilebeat process profileregular beat process profile3 bpm beat process profile4 bpm beat process profileirregular beat process profileincreasing beat process profileand so on.In the case of a regular beat process profile, a rate can be assigned in the simplest possible fashion by dividing the number of cycles by the length of the temporal region occupied by the beating process profile as a whole. Irregular process profiles of this sort, for example as identified in the clinic, or in the readings on an aircraft instrument panel, are often of diagnostic significance.
example of usage: The simplest type of process profiles are what we shall call ‘quality process profiles’, which are the process profiles which serve as the foci of the sort of selective abstraction that is involved when measurements are made of changes in single qualities, as illustrated, for example, by process profiles of mass, temperature, aortic pressure, and so on.
definition: b is a process_profile =Def. there is some process c such that b process_profile_of c (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [093-002])
elucidation: b process_profile_of c holds when b proper_occurrent_part_of c& there is some proper_occurrent_part d of c which has no parts in common with b & is mutually dependent on b& is such that b, c and d occupy the same temporal region (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [094-005])
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y) (if (processProfileOf x y) (and (properContinuantPartOf x y) (exists (z t) (and (properOccurrentPartOf z y) (TemporalRegion t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion y t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion z t) (not (exists (w) (and (occurrentPartOf w x) (occurrentPartOf w z))))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [094-005]
has associated axiom(fol): (iff (ProcessProfile a) (exists (b) (and (Process b) (processProfileOf a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [093-002]

Axiom
annotated source: process profile
annotated property: definition
annotated target: b is a process_profile =Def. there is some process c such that b process_profile_of c (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [093-002])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/093-002

Axiom
annotated source: process profile
annotated property: elucidation
annotated target: b process_profile_of c holds when b proper_occurrent_part_of c& there is some proper_occurrent_part d of c which has no parts in common with b & is mutually dependent on b& is such that b, c and d occupy the same temporal region (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [094-005])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/094-005

Axiom
annotated source: process profile
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x y) (if (processProfileOf x y) (and (properContinuantPartOf x y) (exists (z t) (and (properOccurrentPartOf z y) (TemporalRegion t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion y t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion z t) (not (exists (w) (and (occurrentPartOf w x) (occurrentPartOf w z))))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [094-005]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/094-005

Axiom
annotated source: process profile
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (iff (ProcessProfile a) (exists (b) (and (Process b) (processProfileOf a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [093-002]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/093-002

relational quality
type: Class
subclass of: quality
BFO OWL specification label: r-quality
BFO CLIF specification label: RelationalQuality
example of usage: John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married.
example of usage: a marriage bond, an instance of requited love, an obligation between one person and another.
definition: b is a relational quality = Def. for some independent continuants c, d and for some time t: b quality_of c at t & b quality_of d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [057-001])
has associated axiom(fol): (iff (RelationalQuality a) (exists (b c t) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (IndependentContinuant c) (qualityOfAt a b t) (qualityOfAt a c t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [057-001]

Axiom
annotated source: relational quality
annotated property: definition
annotated target: b is a relational quality = Def. for some independent continuants c, d and for some time t: b quality_of c at t & b quality_of d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [057-001])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/057-001

Axiom
annotated source: relational quality
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (iff (RelationalQuality a) (exists (b c t) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (IndependentContinuant c) (qualityOfAt a b t) (qualityOfAt a c t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [057-001]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/057-001

two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary
type: Class
subclass of: continuant fiat boundary
BFO OWL specification label: 2d-cf-boundary
BFO CLIF specification label: TwoDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary
elucidation: a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary (surface) is a self-connected fiat surface whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [033-001])
has associated axiom(fol): (iff (TwoDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [033-001]

Axiom
annotated source: two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary
annotated property: elucidation
annotated target: a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary (surface) is a self-connected fiat surface whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [033-001])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/033-001

Axiom
annotated source: two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (iff (TwoDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [033-001]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/033-001

zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary
type: Class
subclass of: continuant fiat boundary
BFO OWL specification label: 0d-cf-boundary
BFO CLIF specification label: ZeroDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary
example of usage: the geographic North Pole
example of usage: the point of origin of some spatial coordinate system.
example of usage: the quadripoint where the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona meet
editor note: zero dimension continuant fiat boundaries are not spatial points. Considering the example 'the quadripoint where the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona meet' : There are many frames in which that point is zooming through many points in space. Whereas, no matter what the frame, the quadripoint is always in the same relation to the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona.
elucidation: a zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a fiat point whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [031-001])
has associated axiom(fol): (iff (ZeroDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [031-001]

Axiom
annotated source: zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary
annotated property: editor note
annotated target: zero dimension continuant fiat boundaries are not spatial points. Considering the example 'the quadripoint where the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona meet' : There are many frames in which that point is zooming through many points in space. Whereas, no matter what the frame, the quadripoint is always in the same relation to the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona.
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/0000001
comment: requested by Melanie Courtot

Axiom
annotated source: zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary
annotated property: elucidation
annotated target: a zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a fiat point whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [031-001])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/031-001

Axiom
annotated source: zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (iff (ZeroDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [031-001]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/031-001

zero-dimensional temporal region
type: Class
subclass of: temporal region
BFO OWL specification label: 0d-t-region
BFO CLIF specification label: ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion
example of usage: a temporal region that is occupied by a process boundary
example of usage: right now
example of usage: the moment at which a child is born
example of usage: the moment at which a finger is detached in an industrial accident
example of usage: the moment of death.
alternative label: temporal instant.
elucidation: A zero-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is without extent. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [102-001])
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [102-001]

Axiom
annotated source: zero-dimensional temporal region
annotated property: elucidation
annotated target: A zero-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is without extent. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [102-001])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/102-001

Axiom
annotated source: zero-dimensional temporal region
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [102-001]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/102-001

history
type: Class
subclass of: process
BFO OWL specification label: history
BFO CLIF specification label: History
elucidation: A history is a process that is the sum of the totality of processes taking place in the spatiotemporal region occupied by a material entity or site, including processes on the surface of the entity or within the cavities to which it serves as host. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [138-001])

Axiom
annotated source: history
annotated property: elucidation
annotated target: A history is a process that is the sum of the totality of processes taking place in the spatiotemporal region occupied by a material entity or site, including processes on the surface of the entity or within the cavities to which it serves as host. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [138-001])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/138-001

governmental organization
type: Class
subclass of: organization
definition: An organization that governs the people living in a particular geographical region or aggregate of geographical regions. The geographical region it governs can change over time (such as the westward expansion of the United States and the addition of Hawaii). Note: this definition was taken over from "geopolitical organization".
definition editor: Amanda Hicks
comment: IMPORTANT: The label "geopolitical organization" was previously used for OMRSE_00000044 (governmental organization). "geopoli organization" is a label for a new and different class.

molecular_function
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: A molecular process that can be carried out by the action of a single macromolecular machine, usually via direct physical interactions with other molecular entities. Function in this sense denotes an action, or activity, that a gene product (or a complex) performs.
editor note: This is the same as GO molecular function
has_exact_synonym: molecular function
comment: Note that, in addition to forming the root of the molecular function ontology, this term is recommended for the annotation of gene products whose molecular function is unknown. When this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the molecular function of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code 'no data' (ND), is used to indicate this. Despite its name, this is not a type of 'function' in the sense typically defined by upper ontologies such as Basic Formal Ontology (BFO). It is instead a BFO:process carried out by a single gene product or complex.
label: gene product or complex activity

Axiom
annotated source: molecular_function
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A molecular process that can be carried out by the action of a single macromolecular machine, usually via direct physical interactions with other molecular entities. Function in this sense denotes an action, or activity, that a gene product (or a complex) performs.
has cross-reference: GOC:pdt

behavior
type: Class
subclass of: biological_process
definition: The internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of animals (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli, via a mechanism that involves nervous system activity.
has cross-reference: Wikipedia:Behavior
has_exact_synonym: behavioral response to stimulus
has_exact_synonym: behaviour
has_exact_synonym: behavioural response to stimulus
comment: 1. Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation reviews. 2. While a broader definition of behavior encompassing plants and single cell organisms would be justified on the basis of some usage (see PMID:20160973 for discussion), GO uses a tight definition that limits behavior to animals and to responses involving the nervous system, excluding plant responses that GO classifies under development, and responses of unicellular organisms that has general classifications for covering the responses of cells in multicellular organisms (e.g. cell chemotaxis).

Axiom
annotated source: behavior
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of animals (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli, via a mechanism that involves nervous system activity.
has cross-reference: GOC:ems
has cross-reference: GOC:jl
has cross-reference: ISBN:0395448956
has cross-reference: PMID:20160973

biological_process
type: Class
subclass of: process
disjoint with: obsolete planned process
definition: A biological process is the execution of a genetically-encoded biological module or program. It consists of all the steps required to achieve the specific biological objective of the module. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence.
term tracker item: https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/24968
has cross-reference: Wikipedia:Biological_process
has_exact_synonym: biological process
has_exact_synonym: physiological process
comment: Note that, in addition to forming the root of the biological process ontology, this term is recommended for the annotation of gene products whose biological process is unknown. When this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the biological process of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code 'no data' (ND), is used to indicate this.
label: biological process

Axiom
annotated source: biological_process
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A biological process is the execution of a genetically-encoded biological module or program. It consists of all the steps required to achieve the specific biological objective of the module. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence.
has cross-reference: GOC:pdt

kinase activity
type: Class
subclass of: molecular_function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is kinase activity
  has self: true
definition: Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.
has cross-reference: Reactome:R-HSA-6788855
has cross-reference: Reactome:R-HSA-6788867
has_exact_synonym: phosphokinase activity
comment: Note that this term encompasses all activities that transfer a single phosphate group; although ATP is by far the most common phosphate donor, reactions using other phosphate donors are included in this term.

Axiom
annotated source: kinase activity
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.
has cross-reference: ISBN:0198506732

FN3KRP phosphorylates PsiAm, RibAm
type: Axiom
annotated source: kinase activity
annotated property: has cross-reference
annotated target: Reactome:R-HSA-6788855

FN3K phosphorylates ketosamines
type: Axiom
annotated source: kinase activity
annotated property: has cross-reference
annotated target: Reactome:R-HSA-6788867

conditional specification
type: Class
subclass of: directive information entity
editor preferred term: conditional specification
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A directive information entity that specifies what should happen if the trigger condition is fulfilled.
definition editor: PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch
definition source: OBI branch derived
definition source: OBI_0000349

measurement unit label
type: Class
subclass of: datum label
editor preferred term: measurement unit label
example of usage: Examples of measurement unit labels are liters, inches, weight per volume.
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: A measurement unit label is as a label that is part of a scalar measurement datum and denotes a unit of measure.
editor note: 2009-03-16: provenance: a term measurement unit was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000176) , edited by Chris Stoeckert and Cristian Cocos, and subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definition of this, different, term.
editor note: 2009-03-16: review of this term done during during the OBI workshop winter 2009 and the current definition was considered acceptable for use in OBI. If there is a need to modify this definition please notify OBI.
definition editor: PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
definition editor: PERSON: Melanie Courtot

objective specification
type: Class
subclass of: directive information entity
editor preferred term: objective specification
example of usage: In the protocol of a ChIP assay the objective specification says to identify protein and DNA interaction.
has curation status: ready for release
definition: A directive information entity that describes an intended process endpoint. When part of a plan specification the concretization is realized in a planned process in which the bearer tries to effect the world so that the process endpoint is achieved.
editor note: 2009-03-16: original definition when imported from OBI read: "objective is an non realizable information entity which can serve as that proper part of a plan towards which the realization of the plan is directed."
editor note: 2014-03-31: In the example of usage ("In the protocol of a ChIP assay the objective specification says to identify protein and DNA interaction") there is a protocol which is the ChIP assay protocol. In addition to being concretized on paper, the protocol can be concretized as a realizable entity, such as a plan that inheres in a person. The objective specification is the part that says that some protein and DNA interactions are identified. This is a specification of a process endpoint: the boundary in the process before which they are not identified and after which they are. During the realization of the plan, the goal is to get to the point of having the interactions, and participants in the realization of the plan try to do that.
editor note: Answers the question, why did you do this experiment?
definition editor: PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
definition editor: PERSON: Barry Smith
definition editor: PERSON: Bjoern Peters
definition editor: PERSON: Jennifer Fostel
alternative label: goal specification
definition source: OBI Plan and Planned Process/Roles Branch
definition source: OBI_0000217

narrative object
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
editor preferred term: narrative object
example of usage: Examples of narrative objects are reports, journal articles, and patents submission.
has curation status: metadata incomplete
definition: A narrative object is an information content entity that is a set of propositions.
editor note: 2009-08-10 Alan Ruttenberg: Larry Hunter suggests that this be obsoleted and replaced by 'textual entity' and 'figure'. Alan restored as there are OBI dependencies and this merits further discussion
editor note: agree - DENRIE. Issue(alan) do we only mean text? What about a story told by mime. Does music count? (no) what about an oral report. Regarding definition, saying it is a set of propositions means we loose the idea that wording matters. Maybe adjust saying a narrative object has some relationshop to a set of propositions
definition editor: person:Chris Stoeckert
definition source: OBI_0000013
definition source: group:OBI

action specification
type: Class
subclass of: directive information entity
example of usage: Pour the contents of flask 1 into flask 2
has curation status: ready for release
definition: A directive information entity that describes an action the bearer will take.
definition editor: Alan Ruttenberg
definition source: OBI Plan and Planned Process branch

obsolete_artifact
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
has obsolescence reason: failed exploratory term
deprecated: true

datum label
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
editor preferred term: datum label
has curation status: metadata incomplete
definition: A label is a symbol that is part of some other datum and is used to either partially define the denotation of that datum or to provide a means for identifying the datum as a member of the set of data with the same label
editor note: http://www.golovchenko.org/cgi-bin/wnsearch#4n
definition editor: GROUP: IAO
curator note: 9/22/11 BP: changed the rdfs:label for this class from 'label' to 'datum label' to convey that this class is not intended to cover all kinds of labels (stickers, radiolabels, etc.), and not even all kind of textual labels, but rather the kind of labels occuring in a datum.

software
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification
editor preferred term: software
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: Software is a plan specification composed of a series of instructions that can be interpreted by or directly executed by a processing unit.
editor note: see sourceforge tracker discussion at http://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=1958818&group_id=177891&atid=886178
definition editor: PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
definition editor: PERSON: Bjoern Peters
definition editor: PERSON: Chris Stoeckert
definition editor: PERSON: Melanie Courtot
definition source: GROUP: OBI

obsolete2_digital entity
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
editor preferred term: obsolete_digital entity
definition: A digital entity is an information entity which is a collection of bits that can be interpreted by a computer. Two digital entities are the same if they are bitwise identical.
editor note: 3/22/2009 Alan Ruttenberg, obsoleted per http://groups.google.com/group/information-ontology/browse_thread/thread/789ad4b7708d5cf4 Superclass was 'digitial quality'
definition editor: person:Chris Stoeckert
definition source: OBI_0000261
definition source: group:OBI
has obsolescence reason: failed exploratory term
deprecated: true

journal article
type: Class
subclass of: report
subclass of: publication
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is specified output of
  some values from: publishing process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is specified output of
  all values from: publishing process
editor preferred term: journal article
example of usage: Examples are articles published in the journals, Nature and Science. The content can often be cited by reference to a paper based encoding, e.g. Authors, Title of article, Journal name, date or year of publication, volume and page number.
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A report that is published in a journal.
definition editor: PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
definition editor: PERSON: Chris Stoeckert
definition source: OBI_0000159
definition source: group:OBI

information carrier
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: quality
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: concretizes
    some values from: information content entity
subclass of: quality
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: concretizes
  some values from: information content entity
editor preferred term: information carrier
example of usage: In the case of a printed paperback novel the physicality of the ink and of the paper form part of the information bearer. The qualities of appearing black and having a certain pattern for the ink and appearing white for the paper form part of the information carrier in this case.
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: A quality of an information bearer that imparts the information content
editor note: 12/15/09: There is a concern that some ways that carry information may be processes rather than qualities, such as in a 'delayed wave carrier'.
editor note: 2014-03-10: We are not certain that all information carriers are qualities. There was a discussion of dropping it.
definition editor: PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
definition source: Smith, Ceusters, Ruttenberg, 2000 years of philosophy

model number
type: Class
subclass of: symbol
editor preferred term: model number
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: A model number is an information content entity specifically borne by catalogs, design specifications, advertising materials, inventory systems and similar that is about manufactured objects of the same class. The model number is an alternative term for the class. The manufactered objects may or may not also bear the model number. Model numbers can be encoded in a variety of other information objects, such as bar codes, numerals, or patterns of dots.
editor note: manufactered items may have more than one model number, sometimes by rebranding, or because companies are sold and the products issued new model numbers
definition editor: Person: Alan Ruttenberg

obsolete_material_entity
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
has obsolescence reason: placeholder removed
deprecated: true

obsolete2_binary digital entity
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
editor preferred term: binary digital entity
example of usage: MS Word document, ZIP file, DICOM file, JPEG file
definition: A binary digital entity is a digital entity that is encoded in a way that is not easily human readable and that contains other than text characters.
editor note: 3/22/2009 Alan Ruttenberg, obsoleted per http://groups.google.com/group/information-ontology/browse_thread/thread/789ad4b7708d5cf4 Superclass was 'digital entity'
editor note: digital_entity
definition editor: person:Chris Stoeckert
definition source: OBI_0000244
definition source: group:OBI
has obsolescence reason: failed exploratory term
deprecated: true

obsolete_unit of measure
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
example of usage: The length of a ruler.
definition: a unit of measure is the quality of some material entity compared to which another quality is some multiple of.
definition editor: Alan Ruttenberg
definition source: Smith, Ceusters, Ruttenberg, 2000 years of philosophy
has obsolescence reason: failed exploratory term
deprecated: true

programming language
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification
editor preferred term: programming language
example of usage: R, Perl, Java
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A language in which source code is written that is intended to be executed/run by a software interpreter. Programming languages are ways to write instructions that specify what to do, and sometimes, how to do it.
definition editor: person:Alan Ruttenberg
definition editor: person:Chris Stoeckert
definition source: OBI_0000058
definition source: group:OBI

data item
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
editor preferred term: data item
example of usage: Data items include counts of things, analyte concentrations, and statistical summaries.
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: An information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements.
editor note: 2/2/2009 Alan and Bjoern discussing FACS run output data. This is a data item because it is about the cell population. Each element records an event and is typically further composed a set of measurment data items that record the fluorescent intensity stimulated by one of the lasers.
editor note: 2009-03-16: data item deliberatly ambiguous: we merged data set and datum to be one entity, not knowing how to define singular versus plural. So data item is more general than datum.
editor note: 2009-03-16: removed datum as alternative term as datum specifically refers to singular form, and is thus not an exact synonym.
editor note: 2014-03-31: See discussion at http://odontomachus.wordpress.com/2014/03/30/aboutness-objects-propositions/
editor note: JAR: datum -- well, this will be very tricky to define, but maybe some information-like stuff that might be put into a computer and that is meant, by someone, to denote and/or to be interpreted by some process... I would include lists, tables, sentences... I think I might defer to Barry, or to Brian Cantwell Smith JAR: A data item is an approximately justified approximately true approximate belief
definition editor: PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
definition editor: PERSON: Chris Stoeckert
definition editor: PERSON: Jonathan Rees
alternative label: data

symbol
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
editor preferred term: symbol
example of usage: a serial number such as "12324X"
example of usage: a stop sign
example of usage: a written proper name such as "OBI"
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: An information content entity that is a mark(s) or character(s) used as a conventional representation of another entity.
editor note: 20091104, MC: this needs work and will most probably change
editor note: 2014-03-31: We would like to have a deeper analysis of 'mark' and 'sign' in the future (see https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/154).
definition editor: PERSON: James A. Overton
definition editor: PERSON: Jonathan Rees
definition source: based on Oxford English Dictionary

numeral
type: Class
subclass of: symbol
editor preferred term: numeral
has curation status: metadata incomplete
definition: A symbol that denotes a number.
definition editor: PERSON: Jonathan Rees

information content entity
type: Class
subclass of: generically dependent continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is about
  some values from: entity
editor preferred term: information content entity
example of usage: Examples of information content entites include journal articles, data, graphical layouts, and graphs.
has curation status: ready for release
definition: A generically dependent continuant that is about some thing.
editor note: 2014-03-10: The use of "thing" is intended to be general enough to include universals and configurations (see https://groups.google.com/d/msg/information-ontology/GBxvYZCk1oc/-L6B5fSBBTQJ).
editor note: information_content_entity 'is_encoded_in' some digital_entity in obi before split (040907). information_content_entity 'is_encoded_in' some physical_document in obi before split (040907). Previous. An information content entity is a non-realizable information entity that 'is encoded in' some digital or physical entity.
definition editor: PERSON: Chris Stoeckert
definition source: OBI_0000142

integer numeral
type: Class
subclass of: numeral
editor preferred term: integer numeral
has curation status: metadata incomplete
definition: A numeral that denotes an integer
definition editor: PERSON: Jonathan Rees

scalar measurement datum
type: Class
subclass of: measurement datum
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has measurement unit label
  some values from: Thing
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has measurement unit label
  min cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has measurement value
  min cardinality: 1
example of usage: 10 feet. 3 ml.
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A scalar measurement datum is a measurement datum that is composed of two parts, numerals and a unit label.
editor note: 2009-03-16: we decided to keep datum singular in scalar measurement datum, as in this case we explicitly refer to the singular form
editor note: Would write this as: has_part some 'measurement unit label' and has_part some numeral and has_part exactly 2, except for the fact that this won't let us take advantage of OWL reasoning over the numbers. Instead use has measurment value property to represent the same. Use has measurement unit label (subproperty of has_part) so we can easily say that there is only one of them.
definition editor: PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
definition editor: PERSON: Melanie Courtot

directive information entity
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is about
  some values from: realizable entity
has curation status: ready for release
definition: An information content entity whose concretizations indicate to their bearer how to realize them in a process.
editor note: 2009-03-16: provenance: a term realizable information entity was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000337) , edited by the PlanAndPlannedProcess branch. Original definition was "is the specification of a process that can be concretized and realized by an actor" with alternative term "instruction".It has been subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definitionof this, different, term.
editor note: 2013-05-30 Alan Ruttenberg: What differentiates a directive information entity from an information concretization is that it can have concretizations that are either qualities or realizable entities. The concretizations that are realizable entities are created when an individual chooses to take up the direction, i.e. has the intention to (try to) realize it.
editor note: 8/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg: Changed label from "information entity about a realizable" after discussions at ICBO
editor note: Werner pushed back on calling it realizable information entity as it isn't realizable. However this name isn't right either. An example would be a recipe. The realizable entity would be a plan, but the information entity isn't about the plan, it, once concretized, *is* the plan. -Alan
definition editor: PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
definition editor: PERSON: Bjoern Peters

time trigger
type: Class
subclass of: conditional specification
editor preferred term: time trigger
has curation status: uncurated
definition editor: PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch

obsolete_study interpretation
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
editor preferred term: obsolete_study interpretation
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: A study interpretation is a textual entity about the implications of a study result. Examples include discussion of whether a hypothesis is false, whether the study failed to address the hypothesis, and whether the study results have led to new hypotheses
editor note: 2009-03-16: definition was "A conclusion is a narrative object which can be published in a paper summerizing and interpreting a protocol application."
editor note: 2009-03-16: work has been done on this term during during the OBI workshop winter 2009 and the current definition was considered acceptable for use in OBI. If there is a need to modify this definition please notify OBI.
editor note: The obsoleting of narrative object required a modest change in the definition of this term. Circularity with "interpretation... interprets" has been removed, using "about the implications" instead.
definition editor: Lawrence Hunter
definition editor: PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
definition editor: PERSON: Jennifer Fostel
definition editor: PERSON: Melanie Courtot
alternative label: conclusion
definition source: OBI_0000005
has obsolescence reason: failed exploratory term
deprecated: true

dot plot
type: Class
subclass of: graph
editor preferred term: dot plot
example of usage: Dot plot of SSC-H and FSC-H.
has curation status: example to be eventually removed
definition: A dot plot is a report graph which is a graphical representation of data where each data point is represented by a single dot placed on coordinates corresponding to data point values in particular dimensions.
definition editor: person:Allyson Lister
definition editor: person:Chris Stoeckert
definition source: OBI_0000123
definition source: group:OBI

graph
type: Class
subclass of: diagram
editor preferred term: graph
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: A diagram that presents one or more tuples of information by mapping those tuples in to a two dimensional space in a non arbitrary way.
definition editor: PERSON: Lawrence Hunter
definition editor: person:Alan Ruttenberg
definition editor: person:Allyson Lister
definition source: OBI_0000240
definition source: group:OBI

obsolete2_text based digital entity
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
editor preferred term: text based digital entity
example of usage: XML file, C++ source code file
definition: A text based digital entity is a digital entity that is encoded so that it only contains text characters.
editor note: 3/22/2009 Alan Ruttenberg, obsoleted per http://groups.google.com/group/information-ontology/browse_thread/thread/789ad4b7708d5cf4 superclass was 'digital document'
editor note: digital_entity
definition editor: person:Chris Stoeckert
definition source: OBI_0000132
definition source: group:OBI
has obsolescence reason: failed exploratory term
deprecated: true

rule
type: Class
subclass of: conditional specification
editor preferred term: rule
example of usage: example to be added
has curation status: metadata incomplete
definition: A rule is an executable which guides, defines, restricts actions.
editor note: MSI
definition editor: PRS
definition source: OBI_0500021
definition source: PRS

contour plot
type: Class
subclass of: graph
editor preferred term: contour plot
example of usage: Contour plot of SSC-H, FSC-H, and FL1-H.
has curation status: example to be eventually removed
editor note: generically_dependent_continuants
definition editor: person:Allyson Lister
definition editor: person:Chris Stoeckert
definition source: OBI_0000246
definition source: group:Flow Cytometry community

obsolete2_report figure
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
editor preferred term: report figure
has curation status: uncurated
definition: A report figure is a report display element that has some aspect of illustration, but may be a composite of figures, images, and other elements
editor note: I prepended the 'report ' to make it clear that we mean parts of reports here. We may want a more generic version of 'figure', in which case this would become a defined class - figure and part_of some report
editor note: Replaced by defined version of figure
definition editor: person:Alan Ruttenberg
definition editor: person:Allyson Lister
definition source: OBI_0000027
definition source: group:OBI
has obsolescence reason: failed exploratory term
deprecated: true

algorithm
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification
editor preferred term: algorithm
example of usage: PMID: 18378114.Genomics. 2008 Mar 28. LINKGEN: A new algorithm to process data in genetic linkage studies.
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A plan specification which describes the inputs and output of mathematical functions as well as workflow of execution for achieving an predefined objective. Algorithms are realized usually by means of implementation as computer programs for execution by automata.
definition editor: Philippe Rocca-Serra
definition editor: PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch
definition source: OBI_0000270
definition source: adapted from discussion on OBI list (Matthew Pocock, Christian Cocos, Alan Ruttenberg)

software interpreter
type: Class
subclass of: algorithm
editor preferred term: software interpreter
example of usage: R program, Perl interpreter, Java virtual machine
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A software interpreter is a software application that executes some specified input software.
editor note: Do we care? Jennifer: Yes, there was a particular version of R that had a bug and it was fixed later. That would imply that we mean specific version of an interpreter. So an instance of this would be a particular version of the interpreter
definition editor: person:Alan Ruttenberg
definition editor: person:Chris Stoeckert
definition source: OBI_0000199
definition source: group:OBI

curation status specification
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  one of: example to be eventually removed
  one of: metadata complete
  one of: organizational term
  one of: ready for release
  one of: metadata incomplete
  one of: uncurated
  one of: pending final vetting
  one of: to be replaced with external ontology term
  one of: requires discussion
subclass of: data about an ontology part
editor preferred term: curation status specification
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: The curation status of the term. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value.
editor note: Better to represent curation as a process with parts and then relate labels to that process (in IAO meeting)
definition editor: PERSON:Bill Bug
definition source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
definition source: OBI_0000266

density plot
type: Class
subclass of: graph
editor preferred term: density plot
example of usage: Density plot of SSC-H and FSC-H.
has curation status: example to be eventually removed
definition: A density plot is a report graph which is a graphical representation of data where the tint of a particular pixel corresponds to some kind of function corresponding the the amount of data points relativelly with their distance from the the pixel.
definition editor: person:Allyson Lister
definition editor: person:Chris Stoeckert
definition source: OBI_0000179
definition source: group:Flow Cytometry community

report
type: Class
subclass of: document
editor preferred term: report
example of usage: Examples of reports are gene lists and investigation reports. These are not published (journal) articles but may be included in a journal article.
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: A document assembled by an author for the purpose of providing information for the audience. A report is the output of a documenting process and has the objective to be consumed by a specific audience. Topic of the report is on something that has completed. A report is not a single figure. Examples of reports are journal article, patent application, grant progress report, case report (not patient record).
editor note: 2009-03-16: comment from Darren Natale: I am slightly uneasy with the sentence "Topic of the report is on something that has completed." Should it be restricted to those things that are completed? For example, a progress report is (usually) about something that definitely has *not* been completed, or may include (only) projections. I think the definition would not suffer if the whole sentence is deleted.
editor note: 2009-03-16: this was report of results with definition: A report is a narrative object that is a formal statement of the results of an investigation, or of any matter on which definite information is required, made by some person or body instructed or required to do so.
editor note: 2009-03-16: work has been done on this term during during the OBI workshop winter 2009 and the current definition was considered acceptable for use in OBI. If there is a need to modify this definition please notify OBI.
editor note: 2009-08-10 Alan Ruttenberg: Larry Hunter suggests that this be obsoleted and replaced by 'document'. Alan restored as there are OBI dependencies and this merits further discussion
editor note: disagreement about where reports go. alan: only some gene lists are reports. Is a report all the content of some document? The example of usage suggests that a report may be part of some article. Term needs clarification
definition editor: PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
definition editor: PERSON: Chris Stoeckert
definition editor: PERSON: Melanie Courtot
definition source: GROUP: OBI
definition source: OBI_0000099

obsolete_report element
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
editor preferred term: report element
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A report element is a narrative object in which information is presented and consumed by a human being, and is part of a report. Examples of report elements are figure (dot plot), table, text portion (may include a movie or audio clip on a web page).
editor note: 2009-03-16: needs some more work (clarify relations).
editor note: 2009-03-16: was report display element with definition: A report display element is a narrative object that is part of a report. Report display elements are set off from the textual parts of a report and are typically given a label(e.g. Figure 2) which is used to refer to the element from the text. Typically the 2d layout is part of the identity of such elements.
editor note: 2009-03-16: work has been done on this term during during the OBI workshop winter 2009 and the current definition was considered acceptable for use in OBI. If there is a need to modify this definition please notify OBI.
editor note: 2009-08-10 Alan Ruttenberg: Larry Hunter suggests that this be obsoleted and replaced by 'textual entity' and 'figure'. Alan restored as there are OBI dependencies and this merits further discussion
editor note: Replaced by textual entity and figure
editor note: There will be some issue here about whether these are defined classes. As intended these are meant to denote the parts of the report that are not textual but are typically boxed and set within the text, labelled with some identifier, and referred to in the text
definition editor: PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
definition editor: PERSON: Allyson Lister
definition editor: PERSON: Melanie Courtot
definition source: GROUP:OBI
definition source: OBI_0000001
has obsolescence reason: failed exploratory term
deprecated: true

obsolete2_binary executable
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
editor preferred term: binary executable
definition: Binary executable is a digital entity consisting of the binary representation of machine instructions of a specific processor or they may be binary pseudocode for a virtual machine. A non-source executable file is also called an object program. It is assumed that the binary executable file contains properly-formatted computer instructions. (derived from Wikipedia, Nov 1, 2007)
editor note: 3/22/2009 Alan Ruttenberg, obsoleted per http://groups.google.com/group/information-ontology/browse_thread/thread/789ad4b7708d5cf4 superclass was 'digital entity'
definition editor: person:Jennifer Fostel
definition source: OBI_0000222
definition source: group:OBI
has obsolescence reason: failed exploratory term
deprecated: true

source code module
type: Class
subclass of: directive information entity
editor preferred term: source code module
example of usage: The written source code that implements part of an algorithm. Test - if you know that it was written in a specific language, then it can be source code module. We mean here, roughly, the wording of a document such as a perl script.
has curation status: metadata incomplete
definition: A source code module is a directive information entity that specifies, using a programming language, some algorithm.
definition editor: person:Alan Ruttenberg
definition editor: person:Chris Stoeckert
definition source: OBI_0000039
definition source: group:OBI

obsolete_report table
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
editor preferred term: report table
has curation status: example to be eventually removed
definition: A report table is a report display element consisting of a matrix of cells layed out in a grid, some set of which are filled with some information content
editor note: 2009-08-10 Alan Ruttenberg: Larry Hunter suggests that this be obsoleted and replaced by 'textual entity table'. Alan restored as there are OBI dependencies and this merits further discussion
definition editor: person:Alan Ruttenberg
definition editor: person:Allyson Lister
definition source: OBI_0000265
definition source: group:OBI
has obsolescence reason: failed exploratory term
deprecated: true

data format specification
type: Class
subclass of: directive information entity
editor preferred term: data format specification
has curation status: metadata incomplete
definition: A data format specification is the information content borne by the document published defining the specification. Example: The ISO document specifying what encompasses an XML document; The instructions in a XSD file
editor note: 2009-03-16: provenance: term imported from OBI_0000187, which had original definition "A data format specification is a plan which organizes information. Example: The ISO document specifying what encompasses an XML document; The instructions in a XSD file"
definition editor: PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
definition editor: PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch
definition source: OBI branch derived
definition source: OBI_0000187

data set
type: Class
subclass of: data item
editor preferred term: data set
example of usage: Intensity values in a CEL file or from multiple CEL files comprise a data set (as opposed to the CEL files themselves).
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: A data item that is an aggregate of other data items of the same type that have something in common. Averages and distributions can be determined for data sets.
editor note: 2009/10/23 Alan Ruttenberg. The intention is that this term represent collections of like data. So this isn't for, e.g. the whole contents of a cel file, which includes parameters, metadata etc. This is more like java arrays of a certain rather specific type
editor note: 2014-05-05: Data sets are aggregates and thus must include two or more data items. We have chosen not to add logical axioms to make this restriction.
definition editor: person:Allyson Lister
definition editor: person:Chris Stoeckert
definition source: OBI_0000042
definition source: group:OBI

image
type: Class
subclass of: figure
editor preferred term: image
has curation status: ready for release
definition: An image is an affine projection to a two dimensional surface, of measurements of some quality of an entity or entities repeated at regular intervals across a spatial range, where the measurements are represented as color and luminosity on the projected on surface.
definition editor: person:Alan Ruttenberg
definition editor: person:Allyson
definition editor: person:Chris Stoeckert
definition source: OBI_0000030
definition source: group:OBI

data about an ontology part
type: Class
subclass of: data item
editor preferred term: data about an ontology part
definition: Data about an ontology part is a data item about a part of an ontology, for example a term
definition editor: Person:Alan Ruttenberg

plan specification
type: Class
subclass of: directive information entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: objective specification
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: action specification
editor preferred term: plan specification
example of usage: PMID: 18323827.Nat Med. 2008 Mar;14(3):226.New plan proposed to help resolve conflicting medical advice.
has curation status: ready for release
definition: A directive information entity with action specifications and objective specifications as parts, and that may be concretized as a realizable entity that, if realized, is realized in a process in which the bearer tries to achieve the objectives by taking the actions specified.
editor note: 2009-03-16: provenance: a term a plan was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000344) , edited by the PlanAndPlannedProcess branch. Original definition was " a plan is a specification of a process that is realized by an actor to achieve the objective specified as part of the plan". It has been subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definitionof this, different, term.
editor note: 2014-03-31: A plan specification can have other parts, such as conditional specifications.
editor note: 2022-01-16 Updated definition to that proposed by Clint Dowloand, IAO Issue 231.
editor note: Alternative previous definition: a plan is a set of instructions that specify how an objective should be achieved
definition editor: Alan Ruttenberg
definition editor: Clint Dowland
definition source: OBI Plan and Planned Process branch
definition source: OBI_0000344
comment: 2/3/2009 Comment from OBI review. Action specification not well enough specified. Conditional specification not well enough specified. Question whether all plan specifications have objective specifications. Request that IAO either clarify these or change definitions not to use them

obsolete2_digital document
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
editor preferred term: digital document
definition: A digital document is a digital entity consisting of an electronic file which can be rendered into human-readable form by one or more computational applications. The digital document does not refer to the information content of the document but to an instance of the file.
editor note: 3/22/2009 Alan Ruttenberg, obsoleted per http://groups.google.com/group/information-ontology/browse_thread/thread/789ad4b7708d5cf4 superclass was 'digial entity'
definition editor: person:Jennifer Fostel
definition source: OBI_0000195
definition source: group:OBI
has obsolescence reason: failed exploratory term
deprecated: true

measurement datum
type: Class
subclass of: data item
editor preferred term: measurement datum
example of usage: Examples of measurement data are the recoding of the weight of a mouse as {40,mass,"grams"}, the recording of an observation of the behavior of the mouse {,process,"agitated"}, the recording of the expression level of a gene as measured through the process of microarray experiment {3.4,luminosity,}.
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: A measurement datum is an information content entity that is a recording of the output of a measurement such as produced by a device.
editor note: 2/2/2009 is_specified_output of some assay?
definition editor: person:Chris Stoeckert
definition source: OBI_0000305
definition source: group:OBI

obsolete_identifier
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
has curation status: organizational term
editor note: _identifier is a container under information content entity for collecting types of terms to indicate a specific instance or clas of what was used or participated in an investigation. Identifiers are borne by a product or its packaging, and can be encoded in a variety of other information objects, such as bar codes, numerals, or patterns of dots. Note: everybody agreed that identifier is probably a too general term. We however felt that it would be appropriate to group "identifiying" terms under some kind of umbrella. We therefore propose to use _identifier for that purpose. As per OBI conventions, the _ prefixing identifier indicates that this is a helper class and shouldn't be considered as final.
has obsolescence reason: placeholder removed
deprecated: true

version number
type: Class
subclass of: symbol
editor preferred term: version number
has curation status: metadata incomplete
definition: A version number is an information content entity which is a sequence of characters borne by part of each of a class of manufactured products or its packaging and indicates its order within a set of other products having the same name.
editor note: Note: we feel that at the moment we are happy with a general version number, and that we will subclass as needed in the future. For example, see 7. genome sequence version
definition editor: GROUP: IAO

serial number
type: Class
subclass of: symbol
editor preferred term: serial number
has curation status: metadata incomplete
definition: A serial number is an information content entity which is a unique sequence of characters borne by part of manufactured product or its packaging that is assigned to each individual in some class of products, and so can serve as a way to identify an individual product within the class. Serial numbers can be encoded in a variety of other information objects, such as bar codes, numerals, or patterns of dots.
editor note: Note: during the call there was some confusion between serial number and model number. We agreed that it would be very helpful for all those terms to have example of usages - please add if you have any :-)
definition editor: GROUP: IAO

lot number
type: Class
subclass of: symbol
editor preferred term: lot number
has curation status: metadata incomplete
definition: A lot number is an information content entity which is an identical sequence of character borne by part of manufactured product or its packaging for each instances of a product class in a discrete batch of an item. Lot numbers are usually assigned to each separate production run of an item. Manufacturing as a lot might be due to a variety of reasons, for example, a single process during which many individuals are made from the same portion of source material. Lot numbers can be encoded in a pattern of other information objects, such as bar codes, numerals, or patterns of dots.
definition editor: GROUP: IAO
alternative label: batch number

setting datum
type: Class
subclass of: data item
has curation status: metadata incomplete
definition: A settings datum is a datum that denotes some configuration of an instrument.
editor note: 2/3/2009 Feedback from OBI This should be a "setting specification". There is a question of whether it is information about a realizable or not. Pro other specification are about realizables. Cons sometimes specifies a quality which is not a realizable.
editor note: Alan grouped these in placeholder for the moment. Name by analogy to measurement datum.

obsolete_digital quality
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
editor note: 3/22/2009 Alan Ruttenberg, obsoleted per http://groups.google.com/group/information-ontology/browse_thread/thread/789ad4b7708d5cf4
editor note: Need to rework digital entity. Digital quality was suggested by Barry.
has obsolescence reason: failed exploratory term
deprecated: true

conclusion textual entity
type: Class
subclass of: textual entity
editor preferred term: conclusion textual entity
example of usage: that fucoidan has a small statistically significant effect on AT3 level but no useful clinical effect as in-vivo anticoagulant, a paraphrase of part of the last paragraph of the discussion section of the paper 'Pilot clinical study to evaluate the anticoagulant activity of fucoidan', by Lowenthal et. al.PMID:19696660
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A textual entity that expresses the results of reasoning about a problem, for instance as typically found towards the end of scientific papers.
editor note: 2009/09/28 Alan Ruttenberg. Fucoidan-use-case
editor note: 2009/10/23 Alan Ruttenberg: We need to work on the definition still
definition editor: Person:Alan Ruttenberg

material information bearer
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material entity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has characteristic
    some values from: Restriction
      on property: concretizes
      some values from: information content entity
subclass of: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has characteristic
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: concretizes
    some values from: information content entity
editor preferred term: material information bearer
example of usage: A page of a paperback novel with writing on it. The paper itself is a material information bearer, the pattern of ink is the information carrier.
example of usage: a brain
example of usage: a hard drive
has curation status: ready for release
definition: A material entity in which a concretization of an information content entity inheres.
definition editor: GROUP: IAO

histogram
type: Class
subclass of: graph
editor preferred term: histogram
has curation status: ready for release
definition: A histogram is a report graph which is a statistical description of a distribution in terms of occurrence frequencies of different event classes.
definition editor: PERSON:Chris Stoeckert
definition editor: PERSON:James Malone
definition editor: PERSON:Melanie Courtot
definition source: GROUP:OBI

heatmap
type: Class
subclass of: graph
editor preferred term: heatmap
has curation status: ready for release
definition: A heatmap is a report graph which is a graphical representation of data where the values taken by a variable(s) are shown as colors in a two-dimensional map.
definition editor: PERSON:Chris Stoeckert
definition editor: PERSON:James Malone
definition editor: PERSON:Melanie Courtot
definition source: GROUP:OBI

Venn diagram
type: Class
subclass of: graph
editor preferred term: Venn diagram
has curation status: ready for release
definition: A Venn diagram is a report graph showing all hypothetically possible logical relations between a finite collection of sets.
definition editor: PERSON:Chris Stoeckert
definition editor: PERSON:James Malone
definition editor: PERSON:Melanie Courtot
definition source: WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venn_diagram

obsolete_survival curve
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
editor preferred term: obsolete_survival curve
has curation status: ready for release
definition: A survival curve is a report graph which is a graphical representation of data where the percentage of survival is plotted as a function of time.
definition editor: PERSON:Chris Stoeckert
definition editor: PERSON:James Malone
definition editor: PERSON:Melanie Courtot
definition source: WEB: http://www.graphpad.com/www/book/survive.htm
has obsolescence reason: failed exploratory term
deprecated: true

dendrogram
type: Class
subclass of: graph
editor preferred term: dendrogram
example of usage: Dendrograms are often used in computational biology to illustrate the clustering of genes.
has curation status: ready for release
definition: A dendrogram is a report graph which is a tree diagram frequently used to illustrate the arrangement of the clusters produced by a clustering algorithm.
definition editor: PERSON:Chris Stoeckert
definition editor: PERSON:James Malone
definition editor: PERSON:Melanie Courtot
definition source: WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrogram

scatter plot
type: Class
subclass of: graph
editor preferred term: scatter plot
example of usage: Comparison of gene expression values in two samples can be displayed in a scatter plot
has curation status: ready for release
definition: A scatterplot is a graph which uses Cartesian coordinates to display values for two variables for a set of data. The data is displayed as a collection of points, each having the value of one variable determining the position on the horizontal axis and the value of the other variable determining the position on the vertical axis.
definition editor: PERSON:Chris Stoeckert
definition editor: PERSON:James Malone
definition editor: PERSON:Melanie Courtot
alternative label: scattergraph
definition source: WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scatterplot

photograph
type: Class
subclass of: image
has curation status: ready for release
definition: A photograph is created by projecting an image onto a photosensitive surface such as a chemically treated plate or film, CCD receptor, etc.
definition editor: PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg
definition editor: PERSON:Joanne Luciano
definition editor: PERSON:Melanie Courtot
definition source: WEB: http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/photograph

photographic print
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material entity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has characteristic
    some values from: Restriction
      on property: concretizes
      some values from: photograph
subclass of: material information bearer
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has characteristic
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: concretizes
    some values from: photograph
editor preferred term: photographic print
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: A photographic print is a material entity upon which a photograph generically depends.
definition editor: PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg
definition editor: PERSON:Melanie Courtot

obsolescence reason specification
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  one of: failed exploratory term
  one of: placeholder removed
  one of: terms merged
  one of: term imported
  one of: term split
  one of: out of scope
subclass of: data about an ontology part
editor preferred term: obsolescence reason specification
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: The reason for which a term has been deprecated. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value.
editor note: The creation of this class has been inspired in part by Werner Ceusters' paper, Applying evolutionary terminology auditing to the Gene Ontology.
definition editor: PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
definition editor: PERSON: Melanie Courtot

textual entity
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
editor preferred term: textual entity
example of usage: Words, sentences, paragraphs, and the written (non-figure) parts of publications are all textual entities
has curation status: metadata incomplete
definition: A textual entity is a part of a manifestation (FRBR sense), a generically dependent continuant whose concretizations are patterns of glyphs intended to be interpreted as words, formulas, etc.
editor note: AR, (IAO call 2009-09-01): a document as a whole is not typically a textual entity, because it has pictures in it - rather there are parts of it that are textual entities. Examples: The title, paragraph 2 sentence 7, etc.
editor note: MC, 2009-09-14 (following IAO call 2009-09-01): textual entities live at the FRBR (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_Requirements_for_Bibliographic_Records) manifestation level. Everything is significant: line break, pdf and html versions of same document are different textual entities.
definition editor: PERSON: Lawrence Hunter
alternative label: text

citation
type: Class
subclass of: textual entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is about
  some values from: document
editor preferred term: citation
example of usage: Verspoor, K., Cohen, KB., Hunter, L. Textual characteristics of traditional and Open Access scientific journals are similar, BMC Bioinformatics 2009, 10:183.
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: A textual entity intended to identify a particular publication.
definition editor: PERSON: Lawrence Hunter

author identification
type: Class
subclass of: written name
editor preferred term: author identification
example of usage: L. Hunter
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: A textual entity intended to identify a particular author
definition editor: PERSON: Lawrence Hunter

institutional identification
type: Class
subclass of: textual entity
editor preferred term: institutional identification
example of usage: University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: A textual entity intended to identify a particular institution
definition editor: PERSON: Lawrence Hunter

caption
type: Class
subclass of: textual entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is about
  some values from: figure
editor preferred term: caption
example of usage: Figure 1: A system diagram describing the modules of the Hanalyzer. Reading methods (green) take external sources of knowledge (blue) and extract information from them, either by parsing structured data or biomedical language processing to extract information from unstructured data. Reading modules are responsible for tracking the provenance of all knowledge. Reasoning methods (yellow) enrich the knowledge that results from reading by, for example, noting two genes that are annotated to the same ontology term or database entry. All knowledge sources, read or reasoned, are assigned a reliability score, and all are combined using that score into a knowledge network (orange) that represents the integration of all sorts of relationship between a pair of genes and a combined reliability score. A data network (also orange) is created from experimental results to be analyzed. The reporting modules (pink) integrate the data and knowledge networks, producing visualizations that can be queried with the associated drill-down tool.
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: A textual entity that describes a figure
definition editor: PERSON: Lawrence Hunter

document title
type: Class
subclass of: textual entity
editor preferred term: document title
example of usage: Textual characteristics of traditional and Open Access scientific journals are similar
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: A textual entity that names a document
definition editor: PERSON: Lawrence Hunter

table
type: Class
subclass of: textual entity
editor preferred term: table
example of usage: | T F --+----- T | T F F | F F
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: A textual entity that contains a two-dimensional arrangement of texts repeated at regular intervals across a spatial range, such that the spatial relationships among the constituent texts expresses propositions
definition editor: PERSON: Lawrence Hunter

table of abbreviations
type: Class
subclass of: table
editor preferred term: table of abbreviations
example of usage: IAO information artifact ontology OBI ontology of biomedical investiations GO gene ontology
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: A table where the constituent texts are abbreviations and their expansions
definition editor: PERSON: Lawrence Hunter

figure
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
editor preferred term: figure
example of usage: Any picture, diagram or table
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: An information content entity consisting of a two dimensional arrangement of information content entities such that the arrangement itself is about something.
definition editor: PERSON: Lawrence Hunter

diagram
type: Class
subclass of: figure
editor preferred term: diagram
example of usage: A molecular structure ribbon cartoon showing helices, turns and sheets and their relations to each other in space.
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A figure that expresses one or more propositions
definition editor: PERSON: Lawrence Hunter

document
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
editor preferred term: document
example of usage: A journal article, patent application, laboratory notebook, or a book
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A collection of information content entities intended to be understood together as a whole
definition editor: PERSON: Lawrence Hunter

publication
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: document
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is specified output of
    all values from: publishing process
subclass of: document
editor preferred term: publication
example of usage: journal article, newspaper story, book, etc.
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A document that is the output of a publishing process.
definition editor: PERSON: Chris Stoeckert
definition editor: PERSON: Jie Zheng
definition editor: PERSON: Lawrence Hunter
alternative label: published document
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/232
comment: Revisit the term in Octorber 2020. Improve the defintion.

publication about an investigation
type: Class
subclass of: publication
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is about
  some values from: investigation
editor preferred term: publication about an investigation
example of usage: Most scientific journal articles
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A publication that is about an investigation
definition editor: PERSON: Lawrence Hunter
alternative label: scientific publication

patent
type: Class
subclass of: document
editor preferred term: patent
example of usage: US Patent 6,449,603
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A document that has been accepted by a patent authority
definition editor: PERSON: Lawrence Hunter

document part
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of
  some values from: document
editor preferred term: document part
example of usage: An abstract, introduction, method or results section.
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: An information content entity that is part of a document.
definition editor: PERSON: Lawrence Hunter

abstract
type: Class
subclass of: document part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is about
  some values from: document
editor preferred term: abstract
example of usage: The profusion of high-throughput instruments and the explosion of new results in the scientific literature, particularly in molecular biomedicine, is both a blessing and a curse to the bench researcher. Even knowledgeable and experienced scientists can benefit from computational tools that help navigate this vast and rapidly evolving terrain. In this paper, we describe a novel computational approach to this challenge, a knowledge-based system that combines reading, reasoning and reporting methods to facilitate analysis of experimental data. Reading methods extract information from external resources, either by parsing structured data or biomedical language processing to extract information from unstructured data, and track knowledge provenance. Reasoning methods enrich the knowledge that results from reading by, for example, noting two genes that are annotated to the same ontology term or database entry. Reasoning is also used to combine all sources into a knowledge network that represents the integration of all sorts of relationships between a pair of genes, and to calculate a combined reliability score. Reporting methods combine the knowledge network with a congruent network constructed from experimental data and visualize the combined network in a tool that facilitates the knowledge-based analysis of that data.
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A summary of the entire document that is substantially smaller than the document it summarizes. It is about the document it summarizes.
definition editor: PERSON: Lawrence Hunter
alternative label: precis
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/234

introduction to a publication about an investigation
type: Class
subclass of: document part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is about
  some values from: objective specification
editor preferred term: introduction to a publication about an investigation
example of usage: Section labelled 'introduction' of a typical scientific journal article
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A part of a publication about an investigation that is about the objective specification (why the investigation is being done)
definition editor: PERSON: Lawrence Hunter
alternative label: background
alternative label: introduction
alternative label: overview
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/234

methods section
type: Class
subclass of: document part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is about
  some values from: study design
editor preferred term: methods section
example of usage: The section labelled 'Methods' or 'Materials and Methods' in a typical scientific journal article.
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A part of a publication about an investigation that is about the study design of the investigation
definition editor: PERSON: Lawrence Hunter
alternative label: experimental
alternative label: experimental methods
alternative label: experimental procedures
alternative label: experimental section
alternative label: method
alternative label: methodology
alternative label: methods
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/234

results section
type: Class
subclass of: document part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is about
  some values from: study design execution
editor preferred term: results section
example of usage: The section labelled 'results' in a typical scientific journal article
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A part of a publication about an investigation that is about a study design execution
definition editor: PERSON: Lawrence Hunter
alternative label: results

discussion section of a publication about an investigation
type: Class
subclass of: document part
editor preferred term: discussion section of a publication about an investigation
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A part of a publication about an investigation that is about the study interpretation of the investigation
definition editor: PERSON: Lawrence Hunter
alternative label: discussion
alternative label: discussion section
alternative label: discussions
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/234

references section
type: Class
subclass of: document part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: citation
editor preferred term: references section
example of usage: The list of citations found at the end of a scientific publication, grant proposal or patent application, sometimes called "literature cited" or "bibliography"
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A part of a document that has citations as parts
definition editor: PERSON: Lawrence Hunter
alternative label: literature cited
alternative label: reference
alternative label: reference list
alternative label: references
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/234

author list
type: Class
subclass of: document part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: author identification
editor preferred term: author list
example of usage: Lawrence Hunter and Kevin Brettonel Cohen
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A part of a document that enumerates the authors of the document
definition editor: PERSON: Lawrence Hunter

institution list
type: Class
subclass of: document part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: institutional identification
editor preferred term: institution list
example of usage: The University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine and the University of Colorado Boulder.
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A part of a document that has parts that are institution identifications associated with the authors of the document
definition editor: PERSON: Lawrence Hunter

author contributions section
type: Class
subclass of: document part
editor preferred term: author contributions section
example of usage: LH conceived of the hypothesis, designed the study and contributed to the writing of the manuscript. KBC executed the experiments, analyzed the data, and contributed to the writing of the manuscript.
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A part of a publication that is about the specific contributions of each author
definition editor: PERSON: Lawrence Hunter
alternative label: author contributions
alternative label: authors' contribution
alternative label: authors' contributions
alternative label: authors' roles
alternative label: contributions by the authors
alternative label: contributorship
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/234

acknowledgements section
type: Class
subclass of: document part
editor preferred term: acknowledgements section
example of usage: The authors wish to thank Alan Ruttenberg for his constructive comments about an earlier draft of this manuscript
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: Part of a publication that is about the contributions of people or institutions other than the authors.
definition editor: PERSON: Lawrence Hunter
alternative label: acknowledgement
alternative label: acknowledgements
alternative label: acknowledgment
alternative label: acknowledgments
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/234

footnote
type: Class
subclass of: document part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is about
  some values from: document part
editor preferred term: footnote
example of usage: The referent in the text is usually indicated by a special typographic character such as * or a superscripted number, which is also used to indicate the footnote that refers to that text.
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A part of a document that is about a specific other part of the document. Usually footnotes are spatially segregated from the rest of the document.
definition editor: PERSON: Lawrence Hunter
alternative label: endnote
alternative label: footnotes
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/234

supplementary material to a document
type: Class
subclass of: document part
editor preferred term: supplementary material to a document
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A part of a document that is segregated from the rest of the document due to its size
definition editor: PERSON: Lawrence Hunter
alternative label: additional file
alternative label: additional files
alternative label: additional information
alternative label: appendix
alternative label: electronic supplementary material
alternative label: electronic supplementary materials
alternative label: supplemental data
alternative label: supplemental information
alternative label: supplemental material
alternative label: supplementary data
alternative label: supplementary files
alternative label: supplementary information
alternative label: supplementary material
alternative label: supplementary materials
alternative label: supporting information
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/234

table of contents
type: Class
subclass of: table
editor preferred term: table of contents
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: A table that relates document parts to specific locations in a document (usually page numbers). This is also a document part (subsumption there should be inferred).
definition editor: PERSON: Lawrence Hunter

table of figures
type: Class
subclass of: table
editor preferred term: table of figures
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: A table that relates figures in a document to specific locations in that document (usually page numbers). This is also a document part (subsumption there should be inferred).
definition editor: PERSON: Lawrence Hunter

running title
type: Class
subclass of: document title
editor preferred term: running title
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: A shorter version of a document title
definition editor: PERSON: Lawrence Hunter

copyright section
type: Class
subclass of: document part
editor preferred term: copyright section
example of usage: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 United States License.
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A document part that describes legal restrictions on making or distributing copies of the document
definition editor: PERSON: Lawrence Hunter

cartesian spatial coordinate datum
type: Class
subclass of: data item
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: denotes
  some values from: zero-dimensional spatial region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has coordinate unit label
  some values from: Thing
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has coordinate unit label
  cardinality: 1
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A cartesian spatial coordinate datum is a representation of a point in a spatial region, in which equal changes in the magnitude of a coordinate value denote length qualities with the same magnitude
editor note: 2009-08-18 Alan Ruttenberg - question to BFO list about whether the BFO sense of the lower dimensional regions is that they are always part of actual space (the three dimensional sort) http://groups.google.com/group/bfo-discuss/browse_thread/thread/9d04e717e39fb617
definition editor: Alan Ruttenberg
curator note: AR notes: We need to discuss whether it should include site.

one dimensional cartesian spatial coordinate datum
type: Class
subclass of: cartesian spatial coordinate datum
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: denotes
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: zero-dimensional spatial region
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: part of
      some values from: one-dimensional spatial region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has x coordinate value
  cardinality: 1
has curation status: metadata incomplete
definition: A cartesion spatial coordinate datum that uses one value to specify a position along a one dimensional spatial region
definition editor: Alan Ruttenberg

two dimensional cartesian spatial coordinate datum
type: Class
subclass of: cartesian spatial coordinate datum
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: denotes
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: zero-dimensional spatial region
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: part of
      some values from: two-dimensional spatial region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has x coordinate value
  cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has y coordinate value
  cardinality: 1
has curation status: metadata incomplete
definition: A cartesion spatial coordinate datum that uses two values to specify a position within a two dimensional spatial region
definition editor: Alan Ruttenberg

three dimensional cartesian spatial coordinate datum
type: Class
subclass of: cartesian spatial coordinate datum
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: denotes
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: zero-dimensional spatial region
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: part of
      some values from: three-dimensional spatial region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has x coordinate value
  cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has z coordinate value
  cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has y coordinate value
  cardinality: 1
has curation status: metadata incomplete
definition: A cartesion spatial coordinate datum that uses three values to specify a position within a three dimensional spatial region
definition editor: Alan Ruttenberg

length measurement datum
type: Class
subclass of: scalar measurement datum
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has measurement unit label
  some values from: length unit
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is quality measurement of
  some values from: length
has curation status: metadata incomplete
definition: A scalar measurement datum that is the result of measurement of length quality
definition editor: Alan Ruttenberg

denotator type
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  one of: universal
  one of: defined class
  one of: named class expression
subclass of: data about an ontology part
editor preferred term: denotator type
example of usage: The Basic Formal Ontology ontology makes a distinction between Universals and defined classes, where the formal are "natural kinds" and the latter arbitrary collections of entities.
definition: A denotator type indicates how a term should be interpreted from an ontological perspective.
definition editor: Alan Ruttenberg
definition source: Barry Smith, Werner Ceusters

mass measurement datum
type: Class
subclass of: scalar measurement datum
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has measurement unit label
    all values from: mass unit
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is quality measurement of
    all values from: mass
has curation status: metadata incomplete
definition: A scalar measurement datum that is the result of measurement of mass quality
editor note: 2009/09/28 Alan Ruttenberg. Fucoidan-use-case
definition editor: Person:Alan Ruttenberg

hypothesis textual entity
type: Class
subclass of: textual entity
editor preferred term: hypothesis textual entity
example of usage: that fucoidan has a small statistically significant effect on AT3 level but no useful clinical effect as in-vivo anticoagulant, a paraphrase of part of the last paragraph of the discussion section of the paper 'Pilot clinical study to evaluate the anticoagulant activity of fucoidan', by Lowenthal et. al.PMID:19696660
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A textual entity that expresses an assertion that is intended to be tested.
editor note: 2009/09/28 Alan Ruttenberg. Fucoidan-use-case
definition editor: Person:Alan Ruttenberg

time measurement datum
type: Class
subclass of: scalar measurement datum
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has measurement unit label
    all values from: time unit
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is duration of
    all values from: process
has curation status: metadata incomplete
definition: A scalar measurement datum that is the result of measuring a temporal interval
editor note: 2009/09/28 Alan Ruttenberg. Fucoidan-use-case
definition editor: Person:Alan Ruttenberg

postal address
type: Class
subclass of: textual entity
has curation status: metadata incomplete
definition: A textual entity that is used as directive to deliver something to a person, or organization
editor note: 2010-05-24 Alan Ruttenberg. Use label for the string representation. See issue https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/59

email address
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
editor preferred term: email address
has curation status: metadata incomplete
editor note: Alan Ruttenberg 1/3/2012 - Provisional id, see issue at https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/130&thanks=130&ts=1325636583
definition editor: Person:Alan Ruttenberg
definition editor: Person:Chris Stoeckart

author role
type: Class
subclass of: role
editor preferred term: author role
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: A role inhering in a person or organization that is realized when the bearer participates in the work which is the basis of the document, in the writing of the document, and signs it with their name.
definition editor: PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
definition editor: PERSON: Melanie Courtot

data item extraction from journal article
type: Class
subclass of: obsolete planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_specified_input
  some values from: journal article
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: data item
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A planned process in which journal articles are read or processed and data items are extracted, typically for further analysis or indexing
definition editor: Person:Alan Ruttenberg

publishing process
type: Class
subclass of: obsolete planned process
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A planned process of making information, such as literature, music, and software etc., available to the public for sale or for free.
definition editor: Person: Jie Zheng
definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publishing
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/232
ontology term requester: VEuPathDB

document in preparation for publication
type: Class
subclass of: document
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A document that is in preparation for submission to be published.
definition editor: PERSON: Jie Zheng
definition source: EFO_0001795 in preparation
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/232
ontology term requester: VEuPathDB

documenting
type: Class
subclass of: obsolete planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_specified_input
  some values from: information content entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: document
example of usage: Recording the current temperature in a laboratory notebook. Writing a journal article. Updating a patient record in a database.
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: A planned process in which a document is created or added to by including the specified input in it.
editor note: 6/11/9: Edited at OBI workshop. We need to be able identify a child form of information artifact which corresponds to something enduring (not brain like). This used to be restricted to physical document or digital entity as the output, but that excludes e.g. an audio cassette tape
definition editor: Bjoern Peters
definition source: wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Documenting

line graph
type: Class
subclass of: graph
editor preferred term: line graph
has curation status: ready for release
definition: A line graph is a type of graph created by connecting a series of data points together with a line.
definition editor: PERSON:Chris Stoeckert
definition editor: PERSON:Melanie Courtot
alternative label: line chart
definition source: GROUP:OBI
definition source: WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_chart

assigning a centrally registered identifier
type: Class
subclass of: obsolete planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: centrally registered identifier symbol
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has participant
  some values from: centrally registered identifier registry
example of usage: A new pubmed ID being created for a journal article, and the associated pubmed record containing information to the journal article. A license plate number registered at the DMV to be belonging to a specific vehicle and owner. Placing a barcode on a product and entering information in a database that this barcode is assigned.
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A planned process in which a new CRID is created, associated with an entity, and stored in the CRID registry thereby registering it as being associated with some entity
editor note: 2014-05-05: It is the CRID registry that assigns CRIDs, not the users of the registry.
definition editor: Person:Alan Ruttenberg
definition editor: Person:Bjoern Peters
definition editor: Person:Melanie Courtot
alternative label: assigning a CRID

associating information with a centrally registered identifier in its registry
type: Class
subclass of: obsolete planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_specified_input
  some values from: centrally registered identifier symbol
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has participant
  some values from: centrally registered identifier registry
example of usage: Articles in Pubmed are reviewed by curators who add MESH terms to the Pubmed records in order to categorize them better and improve the ability to search for them.
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A planned process in which a CRID registry associates an information content entity with a CRID symbol
definition editor: PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg
alternative label: associating information with a CRID in the CRID registry

obsolete_establishing a CRID registry
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
definition: a planned process with the objective to establish a system that allows to refer to specific entities of a certain kind and store information about them, by establishing a CRID registry and plan specifications for the process of 1) assigning a CRID and 2) looking up a CRID.
editor note: MC, 20101124: deprecated following discussion at IAO call 20101124. Term was deemed not necessary - no use case for now.
has obsolescence reason: failed exploratory term
deprecated: true

centrally registered identifier symbol
type: Class
subclass of: symbol
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of
  some values from: centrally registered identifier
example of usage: The sentence "The article has Pubmed ID 12345." contains a CRID that has two parts: one part is the CRID symbol, which is '12345'; the other part denotes the CRID registry, which is Pubmed.
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A symbol that is part of a CRID and that is sufficient to look up a record from the CRID's registry.
definition editor: PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
definition editor: PERSON: Bill Hogan
definition editor: PERSON: Bjoern Peters
definition editor: PERSON: Melanie Courtot
alternative label: CRID symbol
definition source: Original proposal from Bjoern, discussions at IAO calls

centrally registered identifier
type: Class
subclass of: identifier
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: centrally registered identifier symbol
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: denotes
    some values from: centrally registered identifier registry
example of usage: The sentence "The article has Pubmed ID 12345." contains a CRID that has two parts: one part is the CRID symbol, which is '12345'; the other part denotes the CRID registry, which is Pubmed.
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: An information content entity that consists of a CRID symbol and additional information about the CRID registry to which it belongs.
editor note: 2014-05-05: In defining this term we take no position on what the CRID denotes. In particular do not assume it denotes a *record* in the CRID registry (since the registry might not have 'records').
editor note: Alan, IAO call 20101124: potentially the CRID denotes the instance it was associated with during creation.
editor note: Note, IAO call 20101124: URIs are not always CRID, as not centrally registered. We acknowledge that CRID is a subset of a larger identifier class, but this subset fulfills our current needs. OBI PURLs are CRID as they are registered with OCLC. UPCs (Universal Product Codes from AC Nielsen)are not CRID as they are not centrally registered.
definition editor: PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
definition editor: PERSON: Bill Hogan
definition editor: PERSON: Bjoern Peters
definition editor: PERSON: Melanie Courtot
alternative label: CRID
definition source: Original proposal from Bjoern, discussions at IAO calls

centrally registered identifier registry
type: Class
subclass of: code set
example of usage: PubMed is a CRID registry. It has a code set of PubMed identifiers associated with journal articles.
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A code set of CRID records, each consisting of a CRID symbol and additional information which was recorded in the code set through an assigning a centrally registered identifier process.
definition editor: Justin Whorton
definition editor: PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
definition editor: PERSON: Bill Hogan
definition editor: PERSON: Bjoern Peters
definition editor: PERSON: Melanie Courtot
alternative label: CRID registry
definition source: Original proposal from Bjoern, discussions at IAO calls
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/237

looking up a centrally registered identifier
type: Class
subclass of: obsolete planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_specified_input
  some values from: centrally registered identifier symbol
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: information content entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has participant
  some values from: centrally registered identifier registry
example of usage: Going to the PubMed website and entering a PubMed ID in order to retrieve the Pubmed information associated with that ID.
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A planned process in which a request to a CRID registry is made to return the information associated with a CRID symbol
definition editor: PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
definition editor: PERSON: Bill Hogan
definition editor: PERSON: Bjoern Peters
definition editor: PERSON: Melanie Courtot
alternative label: looking up a CRID

time stamped measurement datum
type: Class
subclass of: measurement datum
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has time stamp
    some values from: time measurement datum
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has measurement datum
    some values from: measurement datum
has curation status: metadata incomplete

time sampled measurement data set
type: Class
subclass of: data set
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: time stamped measurement datum
example of usage: pmid:20604925 - time-lapse live cell microscopy
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A data set that is an aggregate of data recording some measurement at a number of time points. The time series data set is an ordered list of pairs of time measurement data and the corresponding measurement data acquired at that time.
definition editor: Alan Ruttenberg
alternative label: experimental time series

written name
type: Class
subclass of: textual entity
editor preferred term: written name
example of usage: "Bill Clinton"
example of usage: "The Eiffel Tower"
example of usage: "United States of America"
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: A textual entity that denotes a particular in reality.
definition editor: PERSON: Bill Hogan
definition source: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/114
curator note: The qualifier "written" is to set it apart from spoken names. Also, note the restrictions to particulars. We are not naming universals. We could however, be naming, attributive collections which are particulars, so "All people located in the boundaries of the city of Little Rock, AR on June 18, 2011 at 9:50a CDT" would be a name.

software method
type: Class
subclass of: software
has curation status: metadata incomplete
definition: A software method (also called subroutine, subprogram, procedure, method, function, or routine) is software designed to execute a specific task.
definition editor: PERSON: Melanie Courtot
definition editor: PERSON: Michel Dumontier
definition source: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/80

software module
type: Class
subclass of: software
has curation status: metadata incomplete
definition: A software module is software composed of a collection of software methods.
definition editor: PERSON: Melanei Courtot
definition editor: PERSON: Michel Dumontier
definition source: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/80

software library
type: Class
subclass of: software
has curation status: metadata incomplete
definition: A software library is software composed of a collection of software modules and/or software methods in a form that can be statically or dynamically linked to some software application.
definition editor: PERSON: Melanie Courtot
definition editor: PERSON: Michel Dumontier
definition source: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/80

software application
type: Class
subclass of: software
has curation status: metadata incomplete
definition: A software application is software that can be directly executed by some processing unit.
definition editor: PERSON: Melanie Courtot
definition editor: PERSON: Michel Dumontier
definition source: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/80

software script
type: Class
subclass of: software
has curation status: metadata incomplete
definition: A software script is software whose instructions can be executed using a software interpreter.
definition editor: PERSON: Melanie Courtot
definition editor: PERSON: Michel Dumontier
definition source: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/80

abbreviation textual entity
type: Class
subclass of: textual entity
editor preferred term: abbreviation textual entity
example of usage: From Shiba et al. Acta Neuropathol Commun. 2013; 1: 45. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3893467/): BAC: Bacterial artificial chromosome; CR: Calretinin; GFAP: Glial fibrillary acidic protein; MAP: Microtubule-associated protein; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; NSC: Neural stem cell; PDA: Patent ductus arteriosus; PMG: Polymicrogyria; PNH: Periventricular nodular heterotopia; VSD: Ventricular septal defect.
definition: A textual entity listing abbreviations and their expansions that are used in a document.
definition editor: PERSON: Bill Baumgartner
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/183

abbreviations section
type: Class
subclass of: document part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: abbreviation textual entity
editor preferred term: abbreviations section
example of usage: The section labelled 'abbreviations' in a typical scientific journal article.
definition: A part of a document where abbreviations and their long-forms used within the document are listed.
definition editor: PERSON: Bill Baumgartner
alternative label: abbreviation and acronyms
alternative label: abbreviation list
alternative label: abbreviations
alternative label: abbreviations and acronyms
alternative label: abbreviations list
alternative label: abbreviations used
alternative label: definitions for abbreviations
alternative label: list of abbreviations
alternative label: list of abbreviations used
alternative label: non-standard abbreviations
alternative label: nonstandard abbreviations
alternative label: nonstandard abbreviations and acronyms
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/183
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/234

author information section
type: Class
subclass of: document part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: author information textual entity
editor preferred term: author information section
example of usage: The section labelled 'author information' in a typical scientific journal article, e.g. in Takon. Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2011; 10: 25. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3204268/)
definition: A part of a document about the authors that provides biographical information and may discuss how the authors' professional experiences are relevant to the work described in the document.
definition editor: PERSON: Bill Baumgartner
alternative label: author information
alternative label: authors’ information
alternative label: biographies
alternative label: contributor information
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/183
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/234

author information textual entity
type: Class
subclass of: textual entity
editor preferred term: author information textual entity
example of usage: From Takon. Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2011; 10: 25. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3204268/): IT [the author] is the lead paediatrician for ADHD services in East Hertfordshire, UK, where she runs a weekly joint ADHD clinic with the Child and Adolescent psychiatrist and works within an ADHD specialist team. IT also sees children with other neurodisability issues who may have comorbid ADHD, where the presentation may be more complex and challenging to manage. IT has vast experience in managing children with complex ADHD. She has 18 years of experience in paediatrics and also has extensive experience in the use of psychopharmacologic agents in managing children with ADHD.
definition: A textual entity expression information about an author of a document. This information may include biographical information and may discuss how the authors' professional experiences are relevant to the work described in the document.
definition editor: PERSON: Bill Baumgartner
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/183

author summary section
type: Class
subclass of: document part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: author summary textual entity
editor preferred term: author summary section
example of usage: The section labelled 'synopsis' in a typical scientific journal article, e.g. in Pendse et al. BMC Genomics. 2013; 14: 136. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3608171/)
definition: A part of a document, distinct from the abstract, that describes the significance and broader context of the document content. The author summary is often written in a non-technical manner and is aimed at both scientists and non-scientist readers.
definition editor: PERSON: Bill Baumgartner
alternative label: author summary
alternative label: summary
alternative label: synopsis
definition source: Article submission guidelines for PLoS Genetics (http://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/s/submission-guidelines)
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/183

author summary textual entity
type: Class
subclass of: textual entity
editor preferred term: author summary textual entity
example of usage: From Pendse et al. BMC Genomics. 2013; 14: 136. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3608171/): The search for genetic risk factors for common human diseases often relies on the use of linkage and association studies to establish correlation between genomic markers and disease risk. These studies require additional functional evaluation of candidate genes, including their possible interaction with diet and environment. The number of candidate genes is typically large and the development of appropriate genetic tools in mammalian systems is slow. By contrast, large-scale genetic screens, using widely available genetic tools, are routinely conducted in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. In this study, we used Drosophila to screen candidate genes identified in human genome-wide scans as associated with risk of metabolic abnormalities such as type 2 diabetes. We show that a number of human candidate genes have fly orthologs that play an important role in Drosophila tolerance to high dietary sucrose. We further explored some of the specific metabolic abnormalities that can result when these genes’ activities are reduced in flies, focusing on a gene we call dHHEX (CG7056), the fly ortholog of human HHEX.
definition: A textual entity, distinct from the abstract, that describes the significance and broader context of the document content. The author summary is often written in a non-technical manner and is aimed at both scientists and non-scientist readers, e.g as described in the article submission guidelines for PLoS Genetics (http://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/s/submission-guidelines).
definition editor: PERSON: Bill Baumgartner
definition source: Article submission guidelines for PLoS Genetics (http://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/s/submission-guidelines).
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/183

availability section
type: Class
subclass of: document part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: availability textual entity
editor preferred term: availability section
example of usage: The section labelled 'availability and requirements' in a typical scientific journal article, e.g. Qi et al. BMC Bioinformatics. 2014; 15: 11. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3897912/).
definition: A part of a document about a resource described in the document, e.g. software, that describes where and/or how that resource can be obtained.
definition editor: PERSON: Bill Baumgartner
alternative label: availability
alternative label: availability of data
alternative label: data archiving
alternative label: data availability
alternative label: data availability statement
alternative label: data sharing statement
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/183
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/234

availability textual entity
type: Class
subclass of: textual entity
editor preferred term: availability textual entity
example of usage: From Qi et al. BMC Bioinformatics. 2014; 15: 11. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3897912/): Project home page:http://krux.googlecode.com
definition: A textual entity expressing the location of a resource, e.g. software, or the manner in which a resource can be obtained.
definition editor: PERSON: Bill Baumgartner
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/183

case report section
type: Class
subclass of: document part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: case report textual entity
editor preferred term: case report section
example of usage: The section labelled 'case report' in a typical scientific journal article, e.g. in Taglia et al. Acta Myol. 2012 Dec; 31(3): 201–203. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3631801/)
definition: A part of a document about the medical history of a specific patient as it relates to the topic of the document.
definition editor: PERSON: Bill Baumgartner
alternative label: case presentation
alternative label: case report
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/183

case report textual entity
type: Class
subclass of: textual entity
editor preferred term: case report textual entity
example of usage: Excerpt from Taglia et al. Acta Myol. 2012 Dec; 31(3): 201–203. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3631801/): The patient is a 50-year-old man. His medical history was not contributory. At the age of 37 years, he complained of persistent fatigue and dyspnoea even for modest efforts and oedema of lower limbs. The patient was examined at the department of internal medicine of the local hospital, and hospitalised with a diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy probably consequence of a myocarditis process. Soon after he was transferred to the cardiologic department of the regional hospital, and pharmacologically treated for heart failure and pulmonary hypertension.
definition: A textual entity that expresses a detailed account of a portion of the medical history for a specific patient.
definition editor: PERSON: Bill Baumgartner
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/183

conclusion section
type: Class
subclass of: document part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: conclusion textual entity
editor preferred term: conclusion section
example of usage: The section labelled 'conclusion' in a typical scientific journal article.
definition: A part of a document used to summarize the findings discussed in the document. The conclusion section is typically found near the end of a document.
definition editor: PERSON: Bill Baumgartner
alternative label: concluding remarks
alternative label: conclusion
alternative label: conclusions
alternative label: findings
alternative label: summary
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/183

conflict of interest section
type: Class
subclass of: document part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: conflict of interest textual entity
editor preferred term: conflict of interest section
example of usage: The section labelled 'conflict of interest statement' in a typical scientific journal article.
definition: A part of a document used to declare any competing interests regarding the authors and/or funding organization for the work described in the document.
definition editor: PERSON: Bill Baumgartner
alternative label: authors' disclosures of potential conflicts of interest
alternative label: competing financial interests
alternative label: competing interests
alternative label: conflict of interest
alternative label: conflict of interest statement
alternative label: conflict of interests
alternative label: conflicts of interest
alternative label: declaration of competing interest
alternative label: declaration of competing interests
alternative label: declaration of interest
alternative label: declaration of interests
alternative label: disclosure of conflict of interest
alternative label: disclosure of potential conflicts of interest
alternative label: duality of interest
alternative label: statement of interest
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/183
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/234

conflict of interest textual entity
type: Class
subclass of: textual entity
editor preferred term: conflict of interest statement
example of usage: SD [an author] is a Merck employee and Merck is the sponsor of this study. [Taken from 'Effects of obstructive sleep apnoea risk on postoperative respiratory complications: protocol for a hospital-based registry study' Shin et al. 2016 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4735131/)]
definition: A textual entity that expresses a situation involving one or more of the authors, or the funding source of a document whereby the authors or funding source stand to potentially gain (typically financially) from the results reported in the document.
definition editor: PERSON: Bill Baumgartner
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/183

consent section
type: Class
subclass of: document part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: consent textual entity
editor preferred term: consent section
example of usage: The section labelled 'consent' in a typical scientific journal article, e.g. Shiba et al. Acta Neuropathol Commun. 2013; 1: 45. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3893467/)
definition: A part of a document about the consent process that was used to enroll patients in a study.
definition editor: PERSON: Bill Baumgartner
alternative label: consent
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/183

consent textual entity
type: Class
subclass of: textual entity
editor preferred term: consent textual entity
example of usage: From Shiba et al. Acta Neuropathol Commun. 2013; 1: 45. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3893467/): Written informed consent was obtained from the patient’s parents for publication of this Case report and any accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor-in chief of this journal.
definition: A textual entity that documents the consenting process used to enroll patients in a study.
definition editor: PERSON: Bill Baumgartner
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/183

ethical approval section
type: Class
subclass of: document part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: ethical approval textual entity
editor preferred term: ethical approval section
example of usage: The section labelled 'ethical approval' in a typical scientific journal article.
definition: A part of a document about the governance body responsible for approving the work discussed in a document on an ethical basis.
definition editor: PERSON: Bill Baumgartner
alternative label: ethical approval
alternative label: ethical requirements
alternative label: ethics
alternative label: ethics statement
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/183
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/234

ethical approval textual entity
type: Class
subclass of: textual entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is about
  some values from: study design
editor preferred term: ethical approval textual entity
example of usage: From McLean et al. Br J Gen Pract. 2014 Jul; 64(624): e440–e447 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4073730/): The NHS National Research Ethics Service had previously approved the use of these anonymised data for research purposes and this analysis did not require independent review.
definition: A textual entity that documents the ethical approval of some study design.
definition editor: PERSON: Bill Baumgartner
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/183

figures section
type: Class
subclass of: document part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: figure
editor preferred term: figures section
example of usage: The section labelled 'figures' in a typical scientific journal article.
definition: A part of a document that contains one or more figures.
definition editor: PERSON: Bill Baumgartner
alternative label: figures
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/183

funding source declaration section
type: Class
subclass of: document part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: funding source declaration textual entity
editor preferred term: funding source declaration section
example of usage: The section labelled 'funding' in a typical scientific journal article.
definition: A part of a document used to detail information regarding the source of funding used in support of the generation of the document content.
definition editor: PERSON: Bill Baumgartner
alternative label: financial support
alternative label: funding
alternative label: funding information
alternative label: funding sources
alternative label: funding statement
alternative label: funding/support
alternative label: grants
alternative label: role of the funding source
alternative label: source of funding
alternative label: sources of funding
alternative label: study funding
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/183
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/234

funding source declaration textual entity
type: Class
subclass of: textual entity
editor preferred term: funding souce declaration textual entity
example of usage: From Stephan et al. Accid Anal Prev. 2011 May; 43(3): 1062–1067. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3062852/): This study was supported by the International Collaborative Research Grants Scheme with joint grants from the Wellcome Trust UK (GR071587MA) and the Australian NHMRC (268055). The funding sources played no role in study design, data collection, analysis or interpretation, writing the report, or the decision to submit the paper for publication.
definition: A textual entity documenting the source of funding that supported some study.
definition editor: PERSON: Bill Baumgartner
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/183

future directions section
type: Class
subclass of: document part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: future directions textual entity
editor preferred term: future directions section
example of usage: The section labelled 'future directions' in a typical scientific journal article.
definition: A part of a document detailing extensions of the described work that may be implemented at some future point in time.
definition editor: PERSON: Bill Baumgartner
alternative label: future challenges
alternative label: future considerations
alternative label: future developments
alternative label: future directions
alternative label: future outlook
alternative label: future perspectives
alternative label: future plans
alternative label: future prospects
alternative label: future research
alternative label: future research directions
alternative label: future studies
alternative label: future work
alternative label: outlook
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/183
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/234

future directions textual entity
type: Class
subclass of: textual entity
editor preferred term: future directions textual entity
example of usage: Excerpt from Wang and Li. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2016 Jan; 37(1): 25–33. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4722976/): In the future, several questions will need to be resolved regarding the physiological assembly of KCNQ channels and their functional implications in complex neural circuits. First, we still lack sufficiently selective inhibitors and activators among the KCNQ family members.
definition: A textual entity expressing ideas regarding future work relevant to work described in a document that could be done.
definition editor: PERSON: Bill Baumgartner
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/183

genome announcement section
type: Class
subclass of: document part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: genome announcement textual entity
editor preferred term: genome announcement section
example of usage: The section labelled 'genome announcement' in a typical scientific journal article, e.g. in Kim et al. J Bacteriol. 2011 Oct; 193(19): 5537. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3187466/)
definition: A document part announcing the publication of a novel draft genome sequence.
definition editor: PERSON: Bill Baumgartner
alternative label: genome announcement
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/183

genome announcement textual entity
type: Class
subclass of: textual entity
editor preferred term: genome announcement textual entity
example of usage: Excerpt from Kim et al. J Bacteriol. 2011 Oct; 193(19): 5537. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3187466/): Here we report the genome sequence of Lactobacillus malefermentans KCTC 3548, which we obtained using a whole-genome shotgun strategy (4) with Roche 454 GS (FLX Titanium) pyrosequencing (257,559 reads totaling ∼89.8 Mb; ∼45-fold coverage of the genome) at the Genome Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB).
definition: A textual entity that describes the generation and public release of a novel, draft genome sequence.
definition editor: PERSON: Bill Baumgartner
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/183

keyword textual entity
type: Class
subclass of: textual entity
editor preferred term: keyword textual entity
example of usage: From: Fu and Lin. Identification of gene-oriented exon orthology between human and mouse. BMC Genomics. 2012; 13(Suppl 1): S10. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3303729/): Exon orthology; alternative splicing; exon duplication; intron-exon structure.
definition: A textual entity listing keywords indicating the major theme(s) of a document.
definition editor: PERSON: Bill Baumgartner
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/183

keywords section
type: Class
subclass of: document part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: keyword textual entity
editor preferred term: keywords section
example of usage: The section labelled 'keywords' in a typical scientific journal article.
definition: A part of a document where keywords selected by the author to categorize the major theme(s) of a document are listed.
definition editor: PERSON: Bill Baumgartner
alternative label: keywords
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/183

study limitations section
type: Class
subclass of: document part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: study limitations textual entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is about
  some values from: study design
editor preferred term: study limitations section
example of usage: The section labelled 'limitations' in a typical scientific journal article.
definition: A part of a document about biases or short comings related to the study design and execution.
definition editor: PERSON: Bill Baumgartner
alternative label: limitations
alternative label: study limitations
definition source: Author guidelines published by The Society for Academic Emergency Medicine. (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1553-2712/homepage/ForAuthors.html)
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/183

study limitations textual entity
type: Class
subclass of: textual entity
editor preferred term: study limitations textual entity
example of usage: Excerpt from the Limitations section of Fermann et al 2015, Acad Emerg Med. 2015 Mar; 22(3): 299–307 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4405051/). Owing to the nature of a post hoc study, any significant values must be interpreted with caution. In the current analysis, no multiple testing was conducted and p-values remain unadjusted. Moreover, a selection bias arising from the randomized open-label design of the original EINSTEIN PE study cannot be ruled out.
definition: A textual entity addressing a shortcoming or bias of a study design or execution.
definition editor: PERSON: Bill Baumgartner
definition source: Author guidelines published by The Society for Academic Emergency Medicine. (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1553-2712/homepage/ForAuthors.html)
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/183

materials section
type: Class
subclass of: document part
editor preferred term: materials section
example of usage: The section labelled 'materials' in a typical scientific journal article, e.g. Nguyen et al. BMC Bioinformatics. 2010; 11: 279. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2889936/)
definition: A part of a document about the materials required to reproduce the content of the document.
definition editor: PERSON: Bill Baumgartner
alternative label: materials
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/183

notes section
type: Class
subclass of: document part
editor preferred term: notes section
example of usage: The section labelled 'notes' in a typical scientific journal article, e.g. McLean et al. Br J Gen Pract. 2014 Jul; 64(624): e440–e447 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4073730/):
definition: A part of a document containing typically short notes about the document itself and/or the authors. Often the notes section contains subsections related to funding, competing interests, ethical approval, etc.
definition editor: PERSON: Bill Baumgartner
alternative label: notes
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/183

patients section
type: Class
subclass of: document part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: patients textual entity
editor preferred term: patients section
example of usage: The section labelled 'patients' in a typical scientific journal article, e.g. in Citak et al. Acta Orthop. 2013 Jun; 84(3): 326–327. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3715825/)
definition: A part of a document about the patients that participated in a study.
definition editor: PERSON: Bill Baumgartner
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/183

patients textual entity
type: Class
subclass of: textual entity
editor preferred term: patients textual entity
example of usage: Excerpt from Citak et al. Acta Orthop. 2013 Jun; 84(3): 326–327. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3715825/): Between January 1996 and February 2012, we treated 4 patients with interprosthetic femoral fractures (3 of them women) (Figure 2) using a custom-made interposition device (Waldemar Link GmbH, Hamburg, Germany) (Figure 1). Mean age was 74 (59–86) years. The fractures occurred mean 18 (13–28) years after primary THA and mean 14 (10–17) years after primary TKA. At the latest follow-up, after mean 8 (0.5–16) years, revision surgery with a total femur replacement was required in 1 case due to aseptic loosening. No other complications requiring revision surgery occurred.
definition: A textual entity expressing information regarding the patients used in a study.
definition editor: PERSON: Bill Baumgartner
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/183

pre-publication history section
type: Class
subclass of: document part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: pre-publication history textual entity
editor preferred term: pre-publication history section
example of usage: The section labelled 'pre-publication history' in a typical scientific journal article, e.g. in Xiao et al. BMC Anesthesiol. 2013; 13: 33. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4016475/)
definition: A part of the document about the publication history of a document. This section typically details dates of document submission to a journal and dates of any re-submissions as well as reviewer comments and responses to reviewers by the authors.
definition editor: PERSON: Bill Baumgartner
alternative label: notice of republication
alternative label: pre-publication history
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/183

pre-publication history textual entity
type: Class
subclass of: textual entity
editor preferred term: pre-publication history textual entity
example of usage: From Xiao et al. BMC Anesthesiol. 2013; 13: 33. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4016475/): The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2253/13/33/prepub
definition: A textual entity that expresses the pre-publication history (submission dates, reviewer comments, etc) for a document, often including a hyperlink to a web page detailing the information.
definition editor: PERSON: Bill Baumgartner
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/183

related work section
type: Class
subclass of: document part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: related work textual entity
editor preferred term: related work section
example of usage: The section labelled 'related work' in a typical scientific journal article, e.g. Žitnik and Zupan. Bioinformatics. 2015 Jun 15; 31(12): i230–i239. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4542780/)
definition: A part of a document about work in other publications that is relevant to the content of the document.
definition editor: PERSON: Bill Baumgartner
alternative label: related literature
alternative label: related work
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/183

related work textual entity
type: Class
subclass of: textual entity
editor preferred term: related work textual entity
example of usage: Excerpt from Žitnik and Zupan. Bioinformatics. 2015 Jun 15; 31(12): i230–i239. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4542780/): Our work presented here is similar in spirit to our recently developed methodology for data fusion via collective matrix factorization (Žitnik and Zupan, 2015).
definition: A textual entity that discusses work from other publications and expresses their relevancy to the content of a document.
definition editor: PERSON: Bill Baumgartner
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/183

requirements section
type: Class
subclass of: document part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: requirements textual entity
editor preferred term: requirements section
example of usage: The section labelled 'availability and requirements' in a typical scientific journal article, e.g. Qi et al. BMC Bioinformatics. 2014; 15: 11. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3897912/).
definition: A part of a document about a resource described in the document, e.g. software, that describes the requirements necessary to use the resource, e.g. operating systems, hardware, etc. in the case of a software resource.
definition editor: PERSON: Bill Baumgartner
alternative label: requirements
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/183

requirements textual entity
type: Class
subclass of: textual entity
editor preferred term: requirements textual entity
example of usage: From Qi et al. BMC Bioinformatics. 2014; 15: 11. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3897912/): • Operating systems: Platform independent • Programming language: Matlab, R, Python • Other requirements: None • License: GNU GPL v3 • Any restrictions to use by non-academics: None
definition: A textual entity that expresses the requirements necessary to use a resource, e.g. software.
definition editor: PERSON: Bill Baumgartner
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/183

statistical analysis textual entity
type: Class
subclass of: textual entity
editor preferred term: statistical analysis textual entity
example of usage: From Mondo et al. Cardiovasc J Afr. 2013 Mar; 24(2): 28–33. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3734881/): Data were captured into EPI-DATA (version 3.1), cleaned and then exported to Stata version 10 for analysis. Continuous variables were summarised as mean (± standard deviation) and median (inter-quartile range), and presented in the tables. Categorical data were analysed using frequency and percentages, and results are presented in frequency tables and bar charts. Test of significance (p-value) was determined using the chi-square test. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.
definition: A textual entity documenting statistical analysis tools and techniques employed.
definition editor: PERSON: Bill Baumgartner
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/183

statistical analysis section
type: Class
subclass of: document part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: statistical analysis textual entity
editor preferred term: statistical analysis section
example of usage: The section labelled 'statistical analysis' in a typical scientific journal article, e.g. Mondo et al. Cardiovasc J Afr. 2013 Mar; 24(2): 28–33. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3734881/)
definition: A part of the document used to describe the statistical methodologies employed in the work presented in the document.
definition editor: PERSON: Bill Baumgartner
alternative label: statistical analysis
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/183

tables section
type: Class
subclass of: document part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: table
editor preferred term: tables section
example of usage: The section labelled 'tables' in a typical scientific journal article.
definition: A part of a document that contains one or more tables.
definition editor: PERSON: Bill Baumgartner
alternative label: tables
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/183

postal code
type: Class
subclass of: identifier
definition: An identifier that denotes some postal delivery route, some aggregate of postal delivery routes or a geographical region and was created for the purpose of sorting and delivering mail.
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen

Postal delivery route
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification
definition: A plan specification that if realized, is realized by the delivery of mail to some facility or mailbox within some geographical region.
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen

zone improvement plan code
type: Class
subclass of: postal code
definition: A postal code that is used in the United States for the purpose of sorting and delivering mail, and that denotes some postal delivery route or some aggregate of postal delivery routes.
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen
alternative label: ZIP code

database extract, transform, and load process
type: Class
subclass of: obsolete planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has_specified_input
  some values from: information content entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: information content entity
editor preferred term: database extract, transform, and load process
definition: A planned process which takes as input a database and fills another database by extracting concretizations of information entities from the first, transforming them, and loading the transformed concretizations into the second.
editor note: Alan Ruttenberg 12/21/16: Maybe this definition instead: A planned process which takes as input a database and copies concretizations from the first, optionally transforms then copies the result to the second
editor note: Alan Ruttenberg 12/21/16: We don't define database in IAO, currently, as the bare word is ambiguous. Reasonable interpretations of the word might be the material entity, an information structure, an information content entity. However this definition commits, at least, to there being some material thing which bear concretizations of information entities and that there are new concretizations created during the process. We consider the ETL process in terms of information entities rather than the concretizations. No committment is made as to whether the specified output.
definition editor: PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg
alternative label: ETL
definition source: WEB:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extract,_transform,_load
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/187

descriptive data section
type: Class
subclass of: document part
editor preferred term: descriptive data section
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A document part that lists and defines data variables, describes data characteristics (e.g. missing data information) and any assumptions and simplifications made.
definition editor: PERSON: Chen Yang
definition editor: PERSON: Jie Zheng
definition source: https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/prisma/
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/235
ontology term requester: ONE ontology

additional results section
type: Class
subclass of: results section
editor preferred term: additional results section
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A results section that reports analyses other than main results of the study (e.g. subgroups analyses, adjusted analyses, sensitivity analyses, etc.)
definition editor: PERSON: Chen Yang
definition editor: PERSON: Jie Zheng
definition source: https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/consort/
definition source: https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/prisma/
definition source: https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/strobe/
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/235
ontology term requester: ONE ontology

research participants section
type: Class
subclass of: document part
editor preferred term: research participants section
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A document part that describes human subject(s) that participated in a study (e.g. inclusion & exclusion criteria, recruitment methods, reasons for non-participation, grouping and randomisation, methods of follow-up, etc.).
definition editor: PERSON: Chen Yang
definition editor: PERSON: Jie Zheng
definition source: https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/consort/
definition source: https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/prisma/
definition source: https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/strobe-nut/
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/235
ontology term requester: ONE ontology

measurement methods section
type: Class
subclass of: methods section
editor preferred term: measurement methods section
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A methods section that describes details of data assessment methods (data measurement).
definition editor: PERSON: Chen Yang
definition editor: PERSON: Jie Zheng
definition source: https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/strobe/
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/235
ontology term requester: ONE ontology

research settings section
type: Class
subclass of: document part
editor preferred term: research settings section
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A document part that describes the physical/social/cultural conditions around a research trial.
definition editor: PERSON: Chen Yang
definition editor: PERSON: Jie Zheng
definition source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK262175/
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/235
ontology term requester: ONE ontology

study bias section
type: Class
subclass of: study limitations section
editor preferred term: study bias section
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: A study limitations section that describes systematic error introduced into sampling or testing by selecting or encouraging one outcome or answer over others.
definition editor: PERSON: Chen Yang
definition editor: PERSON: Jie Zheng
definition source: DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181de24bc
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/235
ontology term requester: ONE ontology

graphical abstract
type: Class
subclass of: abstract
editor preferred term: graphical abstract
has curation status: metadata complete
definition: An abstract that is pictorial summary of the main findings described in the document.
definition editor: PERSON: Jie Zheng
definition editor: PERSON: Tim Beck
alternative label: visual abstract
definition source: https://www.elsevier.com/authors/journal-authors/graphical-abstract
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/234
ontology term requester: Biomedical literature NLP project

ORCID identifier
type: Class
subclass of: centrally registered identifier
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: A centrally registered identifier that is issued by ORCID (https://orcid.org/) and used to persistantly identify oneself as a human researcher or contributor.
editor note: "You can connect your iD with your professional information — affiliations, grants, publications, peer review, and more. You can use your iD to share your information with other systems, ensuring you get recognition for all your contributions, saving you time and hassle, and reducing the risk of errors." [https://orcid.org/]
editor note: This class was originally defined in Apollo_SV (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/APOLLO_SV_00000496) but due to it being more in scope of IAO, it was decided to add it to IAO and deprecate its Apollo_SV equivalent. (2022-10-25)
definition editor: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1595-3213
alternative label: ORCID ID
alternative label: ORCiD
alternative label: Open Researcher and Contributor ID
alternative label: Open Researcher and Contributor Identifier
definition source: https://orcid.org/
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/259

identifier
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: information content entity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: denotes
    some values from: entity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is specified output of
    some values from: identifier creating process
subclass of: information content entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: denotes
  some values from: entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is specified output of
  some values from: identifier creating process
editor preferred term: identifier
definition: An information content entity that is the outcome of a dubbing process and is used to refer to one instance of entity shared by a group of people to refer to that individual entity.
definition editor: Justin Whorton
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen
alternative label: proper name
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/237
creator: Mathias Brochhausen
comment: Sep 29, 2016: The current definition has been amended from the previous version: "A proper name is an information content entity that is the outcome of a dubbing process and is used to refer to one instance of entity shared by a group of people to refer to that individual entity." to more accuratly reflect the necessary and sufficient condition on the class. (MB)

grapheme
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
example of usage: alphabetic letters, Chinese characters, numerical digits, punctuation marks, and the individual symbols of any of the world's writing systems
definition: An information content entity that is a fundamental unit in a written language.
definition editor: Justin Whorton
definition source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grapheme
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/237
creator: Mathias Brochhausen
comment: Grapheme is not about anything and hence is likely to not be an information content entity. If a new subclass of GDC for information structure entities is created it should move there.

identifier creating process
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: obsolete planned process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has specified output
    some values from: identifier
subclass of: obsolete planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: identifier
definition: A planned process that provides a reference to an individual entity shared by a group of subscribers to refer to that individual entity.
definition editor: Justin Whorton
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen
alternative label: dubbing process
alternative label: naming
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/237
creator: Mathias Brochhausen

personal name
type: Class
subclass of: identifier
definition: An identifier referring to an individual entity that is ascribed personhood by the user of the identifier.
definition editor: Justin Whorton
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen
definition source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_name
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/237
comment: Personal names "today usually comprises a given name bestowed at birth or at a young age plus a surname. It is nearly universal for a human to have a name; except in rare cases, for example feral children growing up in isolation, or infants orphaned by natural disaster for whom no written record survives.[citation needed] The Convention on the Rights of the Child specifies that a child has the right from birth to a name. Certain isolated tribes, such as the Machiguenga of the Amazon, also lack personal names." (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_name)
comment: Personal names to not include names of fictional characters, e.g. Sherlock Holmes.
comment: Sep 29, 2016: The comment that including the wikipedia definition of personal name is not to be interpreted in a way that restricts this class to only contain strings of letters. A numerical or alphanumerical identifier that denotes a human is being is a personal name, too. (MB)

given name
type: Class
subclass of: personal name
definition: A personal name that specifies and differentiates between members of a group of individuals, especially in a family, all of whose members usually share the same family name (surname). A given name is purposefully given, usually by a child's parents at or near birth, in contrast to an inherited one such as a family name
definition editor: Justin Whorton
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen
alternative label: first name
definition source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Given_name
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/237

family name
type: Class
subclass of: identifier
definition: An identifier that is typically a part of a person's name which has been passed, according to law or custom, from one or both parents to their children.
definition editor: Justin Whorton
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen
alternative label: last name
alternative label: surname
definition source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_name
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/237

code set
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: identifier
definition: An information content entity that is a collection of other information content entities that has been created to identify or annotate things in a specified domain, and where the intention of its creators is that the collection has a one-to-one correspondence with those things.
definition editor: Alan Ruttenberg
definition editor: Justin Whorton
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen
alternative label: code map
alternative label: code system
alternative label: codeset
alternative label: coding system
alternative label: controlled vocabulary
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/237
contributor: Alan Ruttenberg
contributor: Clint Dowland
contributor: Matt Diller
contributor: Sarah Bost
contributor: William R. Hogan
comment: Code sets might include non-entities/things (e.g. missing thumbs).
comment: Does not imply absence vs. presence of any taxonomy.
comment: Does not imply that aggregated entities denote particulars, universals, or defined classes (a.k.a. attributive collections) or even that they denote only one of these three types of entities.
comment: Each aggregated entity is often (but not necessarily) associated with a text string—variously called a “description,” “name,” “title,” or “label”—that helps humans reach the target of denotation. When there is no such string, it is almost always because the entities take the form of human language words. For example, a “sex” or “gender” code set could contain “MALE” and “FEMALE,” or even “M” and “F” (by convention, we understand what these mean).
comment: For National Drug Codes (NDCs) and similar code sets, there doesn’t even have to be a single, fully-concretized copy somewhere (for example, for NDCs there is no centralized database or repository where they all live as one instance of concretization of code set). The code set can be “distributively” concretized. This seems like an unusual exception, but it also likely applies to Universal Product Codes (UPCs) and their follow on Global Trade Item Numbers (GTINs).
comment: For each given domain, there can potentially exist multiple code sets. The multiplicity of code sets is partially due to the different specific purposes of those code sets.
comment: Many code sets are created for a specific purpose in addition to merely identifying or annotating core ideas of a specified domain.
comment: The information content entities do not denote each other.

identity document
type: Class
subclass of: document
definition: A document that denotes some identity and is concretized by the bearer of some credential role.
definition editor: Amanda Hicks

documented identity
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
definition: A documented identity is the aggregate of all data items about an entity. Notice that a documented identity is not itself a document since a document is intended to be understood as a whole and data items about an individual are usually scattered across different documents.
definition editor: Amanda Hicks
comment: is an aggregate of ICEs also an ICE? yes Is part_of the appropriate relation to use for data items and documented identities?

authentication
type: Class
subclass of: process
example of usage: I order a beer and the bartender authenticates my age by looking at my DOB on my driver's license. I sign into my email account, and the system authenticates my permission to read the email by checking the password I enter against my password listed in the database.
definition: Authentication is the act of checking or verifying an identity claim (that is either tacit or explicit).
definition editor: Amanda Hicks

credential role
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: A role that inheres in a concretization of an identity document and is realized by an authentication process.
definition editor: Amanda Hicks

deontic document act
type: Class
subclass of: deontic declaration
example of usage: my filling in an immigration form, a judge's signing and stamping a court order
definition: A deontic declaration creating or revoking a deontic role by lawfully manipulating (signing, stamping, publishing) a document.
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen

social act
type: Class
subclass of: obsolete planned process
example of usage: Colonel Klink giving Sergeant Schultz an order, Jake promising Jill to take her to the junior prom
definition: A planned process that is carried out by a conscious being or an organization, and is self-generated, directed towards another conscious being or an aggregate of conscious beings, an organization or an aggregate of organizations, and that is in need of being perceived.
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen
comment: The phrase "in need of being perceived" does not imply that only planned processes that are in fact perceived can be social acts. Reinach clarifies that by exemplifying these matters for commands: "The command is according to its essence in need of being heard (vernehmungsbedürtig". It can of course happen that commands are given without being heard. Then they fail to fulfil their purpose. They are like thrown spears which fall to the ground without hitting their target." (A. Reinach: The Apriori Foundations of the Civil Law." Edited by J. Crosby, Heusenstamm: ontos Verlag, 2012). Reinach clearly does not imply that a command that does not fulfill its prupose would not be a command. Thanks to W.R. Hogan for finding the Reinach quote.

deontic declaration
type: Class
subclass of: social act
definition: A social act that creates or revokes a deontic role.
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen

document act performer role
type: Class
subclass of: role
example of usage: a judge's role of signing a court order
definition: A role inhering in a human being or an organization or an aggregate of any of the aforementioned that is realized by the bearer being the agent in a document act.
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen

ontology module
type: Class
subclass of: data about an ontology part
editor preferred term: ontology module
editor note: I have placed this under 'data about an ontology part', but this can be discussed. I think this is OK if 'part' is interpreted reflexively, as an ontology module is the whole ontology rather than part of it.
alternative label: ontology file
curator note: This class and it's subclasses are applied to OWL ontologies. Using an rdf:type triple will result in problems with OWL-DL. I propose that dcterms:type is instead used to connect an ontology URI with a class from this hierarchy. The class hierarchy is not disjoint, so multiple assertions can be made about a single ontology.

base ontology module
type: Class
subclass of: ontology module
editor preferred term: base ontology module
definition: An ontology module that comprises only of asserted axioms local to the ontology, excludes import directives, and excludes axioms or declarations from external ontologies.

editors ontology module
type: Class
subclass of: ontology module
editor preferred term: editors ontology module
definition: An ontology module that is intended to be directly edited, typically managed in source control, and typically not intended for direct consumption by end-users.
alternative label: source ontology module

main release ontology module
type: Class
subclass of: ontology module
editor preferred term: main release ontology module
definition: An ontology module that is intended to be the primary release product and the one consumed by the majority of tools.
editor note: TODO: Add logical axioms that state that a main release ontology module is derived from (directly or indirectly) an editors module

bridge ontology module
type: Class
subclass of: ontology module
editor preferred term: bridge ontology module
definition: An ontology module that consists entirely of axioms that connect or bridge two distinct ontology modules. For example, the Uberon-to-ZFA bridge module.

import ontology module
type: Class
subclass of: subset ontology module
editor preferred term: import ontology module
definition: A subset ontology module that is intended to be imported from another ontology.
editor note: TODO: add axioms that indicate this is the output of a module extraction process.
alternative label: import file

subset ontology module
type: Class
subclass of: ontology module
editor preferred term: subset ontology module
definition: An ontology module that is extracted from a main ontology module and includes only a subset of entities or axioms.
alternative label: ontology slim
alternative label: subset ontology

curation subset ontology module
type: Class
subclass of: subset ontology module
editor preferred term: curation subset ontology module
definition: A subset ontology that is intended as a whitelist for curators using the ontology. Such a subset will exclude classes that curators should not use for curation.

analysis subset ontology module
type: Class
subclass of: subset ontology module
editor preferred term: analysis ontology module
definition: An ontology module that is intended for usage in analysis or discovery applications.

single layer subset ontology module
type: Class
subclass of: subset ontology module
editor preferred term: single layer ontology module
definition: A subset ontology that is largely comprised of a single layer or strata in an ontology class hierarchy. The purpose is typically for rolling up for visualization. The classes in the layer need not be disjoint.
alternative label: ribbon subset

exclusion subset ontology module
type: Class
subclass of: subset ontology module
editor preferred term: exclusion subset ontology module
definition: A subset of an ontology that is intended to be excluded for some purpose. For example, a blacklist of classes.
alternative label: antislim

external import ontology module
type: Class
subclass of: import ontology module
editor preferred term: external import ontology module
definition: An imported ontology module that is derived from an external ontology. Derivation methods include the OWLAPI SLME approach.
alternative label: external import

species subset ontology module
type: Class
subclass of: subset ontology module
editor preferred term: species subset ontology module
definition: A subset ontology that is crafted to either include or exclude a taxonomic grouping of species.
alternative label: taxon subset

reasoned ontology module
type: Class
subclass of: ontology module
editor preferred term: reasoned ontology module
definition: An ontology module that contains axioms generated by a reasoner. The generated axioms are typically direct SubClassOf axioms, but other possibilities are available.

generated ontology module
type: Class
subclass of: ontology module
editor preferred term: generated ontology module
definition: An ontology module that is automatically generated, for example via a SPARQL query or via template and a CSV.
editor note: TODO: Add axioms (using PROV-O?) that indicate this is the output-of some reasoning process

template generated ontology module
type: Class
subclass of: generated ontology module
editor preferred term: template generated ontology module
definition: An ontology module that is automatically generated from a template specification and fillers for slots in that template.

taxonomic bridge ontology module
type: Class
subclass of: bridge ontology module
editor preferred term: taxonomic bridge ontology module

ontology module subsetted by expressivity
type: Class
subclass of: subset ontology module
editor preferred term: ontology module subsetted by expressivity

obo basic subset ontology module
type: Class
subclass of: ontology module subsetted by expressivity
editor preferred term: obo basic subset ontology module
definition: A subset ontology that is designed for basic applications to continue to make certain simplifying assumptions; many of these simplifying assumptions were based on the initial version of the Gene Ontology, and have become enshrined in many popular and useful tools such as term enrichment tools. Examples of such assumptions include: traversing the ontology graph ignoring relationship types using a naive algorithm will not lead to cycles (i.e. the ontology is a DAG); every referenced term is declared in the ontology (i.e. there are no dangling clauses). An ontology is OBO Basic if and only if it has the following characteristics: DAG Unidirectional No Dangling Clauses Fully Asserted Fully Labeled No equivalence axioms Singly labeled edges No qualifier lists No disjointness axioms No owl-axioms header No imports

ontology module subsetted by OWL profile
type: Class
subclass of: ontology module subsetted by expressivity
editor preferred term: ontology module subsetted by OWL profile

EL++ ontology module
type: Class
subclass of: ontology module subsetted by OWL profile
editor preferred term: EL++ ontology module

representation
type: Class
subclass of: specifically dependent continuant
definition: A dependent continuant which is about a portion of reality.
definition source: http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/1/1/10

cognitive representation
type: Class
subclass of: representation
definition: A representation which specifically depends on an anatomical structure in the cognitive system of an organism.
definition source: http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/1/1/10

cellular organisms
type: Class
subclass of: obsolete organism
has cross-reference: GC_ID:1

Eukaryota
type: Class
subclass of: cellular organisms
has cross-reference: GC_ID:1
has cross-reference: PMID:23020233
has cross-reference: PMID:30257078

Mammalia
type: Class
subclass of: Eukaryota
has cross-reference: GC_ID:1

Primates
type: Class
subclass of: Mammalia
has cross-reference: GC_ID:1

Homo sapiens
type: Class
subclass of: Primates
has cross-reference: GC_ID:1

medical intervention
type: Class
subclass of: obsolete planned process
definition: medical intervention is a planned process that has the goal of diagnosing, preventing or relieving illness or injury.
editor note: The act of intervening, interfering or interceding with the intent of modifying the outcome. In medicine, an intervention is usually undertaken to help treat or cure a condition. For example, "Acupuncture as a therapeutic intervention is widely practiced in the United States," Reference: http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=34214 . Some interventions can be used for diagnosis.
definition editor: YH
definition source: WEB: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_medical_intervention

surgery
type: Class
subclass of: medical procedure
definition: Surgery is a medical procedure that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, to help improve bodily function or appearance. The key difference between a surgery and a general procedure is the need for an incision. Making an incision, or cutting into the skin to gain access to the body’s deeper tissues or organs, is a defining characteristic of surgery.
definition editor: YH, SS
alternative label: surgical procedure
definition source: WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surgery
definition source: WEB: http://www.wisegeekhealth.com/what-is-the-difference-between-a-surgery-and-a-procedure.htm
has_MedDRA_id: 10042609

medical procedure
type: Class
subclass of: medical intervention
definition: a medical intervention that refers to any series of pre-defined steps that should be followed to achieve a desired result.
definition editor: YH, SS
definition source: WEB: http://www.wisegeekhealth.com/what-is-the-difference-between-a-surgery-and-a-procedure.htm

survey data
type: Class
subclass of: data item
definition: A data item that contains the outcome of a survey.
definition editor: Alice Nzinga
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen

survey plan specification
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification
definition: A plan specification that is realized by process of gathering information (e.g. by asking questions).
definition editor: Alice Nzinga
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen

survey execution
type: Class
subclass of: obsolete planned process
definition: A planned process that realizes the concretization of a survey to generate an output(survey data.)

obsolete planned process
type: Class
subclass of: process
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
editor preferred term: obsolete planned process
editor preferred term: planned process
example of usage: Injecting mice with a vaccine in order to test its efficacy
has curation status: ready for release
definition: A process that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification.
editor note: 'Plan' includes a future direction sense. That can be problematic if plans are changed during their execution. There are however implicit contingencies for protocols that an agent has in his mind that can be considered part of the plan, even if the agent didn't have them in mind before. Therefore, a planned process can diverge from what the agent would have said the plan was before executing it, by adjusting to problems encountered during execution (e.g. choosing another reagent with equivalent properties, if the originally planned one has run out.)
editor note: We are only considering successfully completed planned processes. A plan may be modified, and details added during execution. For a given planned process, the associated realized plan specification is the one encompassing all changes made during execution. This means that all processes in which an agent acts towards achieving some objectives is a planned process.
definition editor: Bjoern Peters
definition source: branch derived
has obsolescence reason: term imported
curator note: 6/11/9: Edited at workshop. Used to include: is initiated by an agent
curator note: This class merges the previously separated objective driven process and planned process, as they the separation proved hard to maintain. (1/22/09, branch call)
imported from: obi.owl
label: planned process

investigation
type: Class
subclass of: obsolete planned process
editor preferred term: investigation
definition: a planned process that consists of parts: planning, study design execution, documentation and which produce conclusion(s).
imported from: obi.owl

organization
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
editor preferred term: organization
example of usage: PMID: 16353909.AAPS J. 2005 Sep 22;7(2):E274-80. Review. The joint food and agriculture organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives and its role in the evaluation of the safety of veterinary drug residues in foods.
has curation status: ready for release
definition: An entity that can bear roles, has members, and has a set of organization rules. Members of organizations are either organizations themselves or individual people. Members can bear specific organization member roles that are determined in the organization rules. The organization rules also determine how decisions are made on behalf of the organization by the organization members.
editor note: BP: The definition summarizes long email discussions on the OBI developer, roles, biomaterial and denrie branches. It leaves open if an organization is a material entity or a dependent continuant, as no consensus was reached on that. The current placement as material is therefore temporary, in order to move forward with development. Here is the entire email summary, on which the definition is based: 1) there are organization_member_roles (president, treasurer, branch editor), with individual persons as bearers 2) there are organization_roles (employer, owner, vendor, patent holder) 3) an organization has a charter / rules / bylaws, which specify what roles there are, how they should be realized, and how to modify the charter/rules/bylaws themselves. It is debatable what the organization itself is (some kind of dependent continuant or an aggregate of people). This also determines who/what the bearer of organization_roles' are. My personal favorite is still to define organization as a kind of 'legal entity', but thinking it through leads to all kinds of questions that are clearly outside the scope of OBI. Interestingly enough, it does not seem to matter much where we place organization itself, as long as we can subclass it (University, Corporation, Government Agency, Hospital), instantiate it (Affymetrix, NCBI, NIH, ISO, W3C, University of Oklahoma), and have it play roles. This leads to my proposal: We define organization through the statements 1 - 3 above, but without an 'is a' statement for now. We can leave it in its current place in the is_a hierarchy (material entity) or move it up to 'continuant'. We leave further clarifications to BFO, and close this issue for now.
definition editor: PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
definition editor: PERSON: Bjoern Peters
definition editor: PERSON: Philippe Rocca-Serra
definition editor: PERSON: Susanna Sansone
definition source: GROUP: OBI

study design execution
type: Class
subclass of: obsolete planned process
editor preferred term: study design execution
definition: a planned process that carries out a study design
imported from: obi.owl

obsolete organism
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
editor preferred term: obsolete organism
editor preferred term: organism
example of usage: animal
example of usage: fungus
example of usage: plant
example of usage: virus
has curation status: ready for release
definition: A material entity that is an individual living system, such as animal, plant, bacteria or virus, that is capable of replicating or reproducing, growth and maintenance in the right environment. An organism may be unicellular or made up, like humans, of many billions of cells divided into specialized tissues and organs.
editor note: 10/21/09: This is a placeholder term, that should ideally be imported from the NCBI taxonomy, but the high level hierarchy there does not suit our needs (includes plasmids and 'other organisms')
editor note: 13-02-2009: OBI doesn't take position as to when an organism starts or ends being an organism - e.g. sperm, foetus. This issue is outside the scope of OBI.
definition editor: GROUP: OBI Biomaterial Branch
definition source: WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organism
has obsolescence reason: term imported
label: organism

data transformation
type: Class
subclass of: obsolete planned process
editor preferred term: data transformation
example of usage: The application of a clustering protocol to microarray data or the application of a statistical testing method on a primary data set to determine a p-value.
has curation status: ready for release
definition: A completely executed planned process that produces output data from input data.
definition: A planned process that produces output data from input data.
definition editor: Elisabetta Manduchi
definition editor: Helen Parkinson
definition editor: James Malone
definition editor: Melanie Courtot
definition editor: Philippe Rocca-Serra
definition editor: Richard Scheuermann
definition editor: Ryan Brinkman
definition editor: Tina Hernandez-Boussard
alternative label: data analysis
alternative label: data processing
definition source: Branch editors
imported from: obi.owl

study design
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification
editor preferred term: study design
definition: A plan specification comprised of protocols (which may specify how and what kinds of data will be gathered) that are executed as part of an investigation and is realized during a study design execution.
imported from: obi.owl

dialysis
type: Class
subclass of: obsolete planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: material entity
editor preferred term: dialysis
example of usage: the use of a dialysis bag of select pore size to remove salt from collagen isolated from mouse cartilage
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: a protocol application that uses diffusion through a semi-permeable membrane to separate an input material into two fractions of different composition
definition editor: PERSON:Kevin Clancy
definition source: OBI branch derived

credential
type: Class
subclass of: document
definition: A document issued by a third party recognized as bearing the relevant authority to do so, that is designed to be about an entity's competence, qualifications, or authority.
definition editor: Bill Duncan
definition editor: Bill Hogan
definition editor: Finn Wilson
definition editor: Giacomo De Colle
definition editor: Jie Zheng
definition editor: John Beverley
definition editor: Matthew Diller
definition editor: Oliver He
definition editor: Robin McGill
definition editor: Sam Smith
definition source: https://storage.googleapis.com/wzukusers/user-12947767/documents/2c18c4f456ce4f6eab176c0983f75791/FOIS_2023_paper_920.pdf
definition source: https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/jso-2019-0034/html
term tracker item: https://github.com/Occupation-Ontology/OccO/issues/31

occupational credential
type: Class
subclass of: credential
definition: A credential that is designed to be about an organism's competence or qualifications with respect to an occupation.
definition editor: Bill Duncan
definition editor: Jie Zheng
definition editor: John Beverley
definition editor: Matthew Diller
definition editor: Oliver He
definition editor: Robin McGill
definition editor: Sam Smith
definition source: https://storage.googleapis.com/wzukusers/user-12947767/documents/2c18c4f456ce4f6eab176c0983f75791/FOIS_2023_paper_920.pdf
definition source: https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/jso-2019-0034/html

credential granting agency
type: Class
subclass of: organization
definition: An organization that bears a credential grantor role.
definition editor: Bill Duncan
definition editor: Bill Hogan
definition editor: Finn Wilson
definition editor: Giacomo De Colle
definition editor: Jie Zheng
definition editor: John Beverley
definition editor: Matthew Diller
definition editor: Oliver He
definition editor: Robin McGill
definition editor: Sam Smith

occupational credential holder
type: Class
subclass of: Homo sapiens
definition: An organism that an occupation credential is about.
definition editor: Bill Duncan
definition editor: Bill Hogan
definition editor: Finn Wilson
definition editor: Giacomo De Colle
definition editor: Jie Zheng
definition editor: John Beverley
definition editor: Matthew Diller
definition editor: Oliver He
definition editor: Robin McGill
definition editor: Sam Smith

certificate
type: Class
subclass of: credential
definition: A credential awarded by a credential granting agency designed to signify participation in or completion of a training program requiring the demonstration of some specified knowledge or skill.
definition editor: Bill Duncan
definition editor: Bill Hogan
definition editor: Finn Wilson
definition editor: Giacomo De Colle
definition editor: Jie Zheng
definition editor: John Beverley
definition editor: Matthew Diller
definition editor: Oliver He
definition editor: Robin McGill
definition editor: Sam Smith

certification
type: Class
subclass of: credential
definition: A credential awarded by a professional organization designed to signify the holder's competence as measured against a specified professional benchmark.
definition editor: Bill Duncan
definition editor: Bill Hogan
definition editor: Finn Wilson
definition editor: Giacomo De Colle
definition editor: Jie Zheng
definition editor: John Beverley
definition editor: Matthew Diller
definition editor: Oliver He
definition editor: Robin McGill
definition editor: Sam Smith

license
type: Class
subclass of: credential
definition: A credential awarded by a government or government-authorized agency designed to signify legal authority to engage in specified actions without being liable to sanctions or penalties that would otherwise be associated with those actions.
definition editor: Bill Duncan
definition editor: Bill Hogan
definition editor: Finn Wilson
definition editor: Giacomo De Colle
definition editor: Jie Zheng
definition editor: John Beverley
definition editor: Matthew Diller
definition editor: Oliver He
definition editor: Robin McGill
definition editor: Sam Smith

credential grantor role
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: A role borne by an organization that has been accredited by a quality assurance group through a deontic declaration having action regulation output, which authorizes the organization to bestow credentials according to quality control standards established or enforced by the accrediting group.
definition editor: Bill Duncan
definition editor: Bill Hogan
definition editor: Finn Wilson
definition editor: Giacomo De Colle
definition editor: Jie Zheng
definition editor: John Beverley
definition editor: Matthew Diller
definition editor: Oliver He
definition editor: Robin McGill
definition editor: Sam Smith

credential issuing process
type: Class
subclass of: social act
definition: A social act in which a credential granting agency asserts that an organism has satisfied the requirements for being awarded a credential, having as output a credential about the organism.
definition editor: Bill Duncan
definition editor: Bill Hogan
definition editor: Finn Wilson
definition editor: Giacomo De Colle
definition editor: Jie Zheng
definition editor: John Beverley
definition editor: Matthew Diller
definition editor: Oliver He
definition editor: Robin McGill
definition editor: Sam Smith

health care encounter
type: Class
subclass of: obsolete planned process
definition: A temporally-connected health care process that has as participants an organization or person realizing the health care provider role and a person realizing the patient role. The health care provider role and patient are realized during the health care encounter
definition editor: Albert Goldfain
definition source: http://groups.google.com/group/ogms-discuss/browse_thread/thread/a2dbc2ed1dff99d6
curator note: creation date: 2011-02-21T09:57:44Z
has_exact_synonym: healthcare encounter

inpatient encounter
type: Class
subclass of: health care encounter
definition: A health care encounter involving a patient who has been admitted to a health care facility and remains in a hospital facility for at least one night.
definition editor: Albert Goldfain
definition source: http://groups.google.com/group/ogms-discuss/browse_thread/thread/a2dbc2ed1dff99d6
curator note: creation date: 2011-02-21T09:57:44Z

injury
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
definition: A disorder that involves some structural damage that is immediately caused by a catastrophic external force.
editor note: At the scale of organism (as opposed to the cellular scale or the population scale), an injury is typically the result of a catastrophic event. Consider the implications of making 'injury' a subtype of 'disorder'. Note: Adopted subtype of disorder, and injury can occur at the scale of organism down to cellular level.
definition editor: Albert Goldfain Sagar Jain
definition source: http://groups.google.com/group/ogms-discuss/browse_thread/thread/ca0ad373f27774c5 OGMS call adoption- 16 SEPT 2015 https://docs.google.com/document/d/1iiV1-fTS7BUUSzDw3N_Afx42698YWf54-FOTY2NkAxo/edit
curator note: creation date: 2011-09-20T09:57:44Z edited date: 30 SEPT 2015

obsolete survey data
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
definition editor: Alice Nzinga
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen
term replaced by: survey data
deprecated: true

obsolete survey plan specification
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
definition editor: Alice Nzinga
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen
term replaced by: survey plan specification
deprecated: true

obsolete survey execution
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
term replaced by: survey execution
deprecated: true

social security number
type: Class
subclass of: centrally registered identifier
definition: Social Security Number(SSN) is a Centrally Registered IDentifier that is a nine-digit number issued to U.S. citizens, permanent residents, and temporary (working) residents under section 205(c) of the Social Security Act, codified as 42 U.S.C. § 405(c). The number is issued to an individual by the Social Security Administration, an independent agency of the United States government. Its primary purpose is to track individuals for Social Security purposes.
alternative label: SSN
definition source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Security_number
creator: Cheng Chen(cxchen1@ualr.edu)

human social role
type: Class
subclass of: organism social role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: characteristic of
  some values from: Homo sapiens
definition: A social role inhering in a human being.
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen
definition editor: William R. Hogan

party to a legal entity
type: Class
subclass of: role in human social processes
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: characteristic of
    some values from: Class
      union of: Homo sapiens
      union of: organization
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: characteristic of
    all values from: Class
      union of: Homo sapiens
      union of: organization
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: characteristic of
  some values from: Class
    union of: Homo sapiens
    union of: organization

party to a legal proceeding
type: Class
subclass of: party to a legal entity

party to a legal agreement
type: Class
subclass of: party to a legal entity

party to a marriage contract
type: Class
subclass of: party to a legal agreement
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: characteristic of
  some values from: Homo sapiens

party to a power of attorney
type: Class
subclass of: party to a legal entity

gender role
type: Class
subclass of: role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: characteristic of
  some values from: obsolete organism
definition: A human social role borne by a human being being realized in behaviour which is considered socially appropriate for individuals of a specific sex in the context of a specific culture.
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen
definition source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_role

male gender role
type: Class
subclass of: gender role
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: characteristic of
    some values from: obsolete organism
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: characteristic of
    all values from: obsolete organism
definition: A gender role borne by a human being that is realized in behaviour which is considered socially appropriate for individuals of the male sex in the context of the culture in question.
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen
alternative label: male gender

female gender role
type: Class
subclass of: gender role
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: characteristic of
    some values from: obsolete organism
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: characteristic of
    all values from: obsolete organism
definition: A gender role borne by a human being that is realized in behaviour which is considered socially appropriate for individuals of the female sex in the context of the culture in question.
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen
alternative label: female gender

health care role
type: Class
subclass of: role in human social processes
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: realized in
  some values from: health care encounter
definition: A role in human social processes that is realized by health care processes such as seeking or providing treatment for disease and injury, diagnosing disease and injury, or undergoing diagnosis.
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen
definition editor: William R. Hogan
has_exact_synonym: healthcare role

patient role
type: Class
subclass of: health care role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: characteristic of
  some values from: obsolete organism
definition: A health care role borne by an organism and that is realized by presenting to a health care provider in a clinical encounter.
definition editor: Amanda Hicks
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen
alternative label: patient
definition source: CAFE domain expert working group.
comment: In order to avoid the presumption of the formal structures and institutions of Western civilization, bearing a patient role does not entail that the organism presents at an official place of business, with an organization formally and legally registered with various gov't entities, with a person endowed by the gov't with certain certifications.

health care provider role
type: Class
subclass of: health care role
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: characteristic of
    some values from: Class
      union of: Homo sapiens
      union of: organization
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: characteristic of
    all values from: Class
      union of: Homo sapiens
      union of: organization
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: characteristic of
  some values from: Class
    union of: Homo sapiens
    union of: organization
definition: A health care role inhering in an organization or human being that is realized by a process of providing health care services to an organism.
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen
definition editor: William R. Hogan
has_exact_synonym: healthcare provider role

physician role
type: Class
subclass of: institutional health care provider role
definition: A health care role borne by a human being and realized by promoting, maintaining or restoring human health through the study, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, injury and other physical and mental impairments.
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen
alternative label: physician
definition source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physician

nurse role
type: Class
subclass of: institutional health care provider role
definition: A health care role borne by a human being and realized by the care of individuals, families, and communities so they may attain, maintain, or recover optimal health and quality of life.
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen
alternative label: nurse
definition source: based on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nursing

health care provider organization role
type: Class
subclass of: organization health care role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: realized in
  some values from: health care encounter
definition: A role that inheres in an organization and that is realized by the providing of services in a health care encounter.
contributor: Mathias Brochhausen
creator: Amanda Hicks
has_exact_synonym: healthcare provider organization role

obsolete person health care provider role
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
deprecated: true

physician practice
type: Class
subclass of: health care provider organization role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: characteristic of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: organization
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has organization member
      min qualified cardinality: 2
      on class: Restriction
        on property: has characteristic
        some values from: physician role
definition: A health care provider organization role that inheres in an organization consisting of two or more physicians.
definition editor: Amanda Hicks

obsolete_hospital role
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
definition: A role borne by an organization and realized by providing healthcare services by healthcare professionals of multiple different disciplines of medicine and enabling stationary treatment.
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen
alternative label: hospital
deprecated: true

integrated delivery network
type: Class
subclass of: health care provider organization role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: characteristic of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: organization
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has organization member
      all values from: organization
definition: A health care provider organization role that inheres in an organization that is comprised of other organizations.
definition editor: Amanda Hicks

aggregate of objectual organisms
type: Class
subclass of: object aggregate
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has member
  all values from: Class
    intersection of: object
    intersection of: obsolete organism
definition: An object aggregate of objectual organisms.
comment: Any arbitrary collection of organisms. They need not be of the same taxonomic class.

collection of humans
type: Class
subclass of: aggregate of objectual organisms
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has member
  all values from: Homo sapiens
definition: An object aggregate all of whose components are human beings.

obsolete role in human social processes
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
definition: A role inhering in an entity realized by social interactions in human society.
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen
comment: Previous definition: A role played by an entity in human social processes.
deprecated: true

organization social role
type: Class
subclass of: organization role
subclass of: role in human social processes
definition: A role in human social processes that inheres in an organization.
definition editor: William R. Hogan
comment: Defined class that we will ultimately move to an application ontology. We are leaving here for now until we determine which application ontology: it is likely going to be an ontology that does not currently (2012-06-05) exist. Ditto for its current descendants.

organism social role
type: Class
subclass of: role in human social processes
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: characteristic of
  some values from: obsolete organism
definition: A role in human social processes that inheres in an organism.
definition editor: William R. Hogan Mathias Brochhausen
comment: Defined class that we will ultimately move to an application ontology. We are leaving here for now until we determine which application ontology: it is likely going to be an ontology that does not currently (2012-06-05) exist. Ditto for its current descendants.
comment: Includes animals as well as humans. For example, pet, assistance animal, animal grown for food, work animal, domesticated animal, K-9, etc. Human roles include gender role, party to legal entities, health care provider roles like doctor, nurse, etc.
comment: Previous definition: A role in human social processes played by an organism.

organization health care role
type: Class
subclass of: organization social role
definition: An organization social role that, if realized, is realized by either a health care process or an ancillary health care process
has_exact_synonym: organization healthcare role
comment: Previous definition: An organization social role played by an organization in health care processes.

obsolete geopolitical organization
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
definition: An organization that governs the people living in a particular geographical region or aggregate of geographical regions. The geographical region it governs can change over time (such as the westward expansion of the United States and the addition of Hawaii).
definition editor: William R. Hogan
alternative label: geopolitical organization
deprecated: true

obsolete geopoli organization
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
alternative label: geopoli organization
deprecated: true

human patient role
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: patient role
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: characteristic of
    some values from: Homo sapiens
subclass of: patient role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: characteristic of
  some values from: Homo sapiens
definition: A patient role that inheres in a human being.

obsolete major administrative subdivision
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
definition: A subnational entity that is the primary organizational member of a nation, is subject to the full set of laws of the nation, enjoys all the privileges established under the laws of the nation, is not a member of any other geopolitical entity, and itself governs a part of the geographical region governed by the nation.
alternative label: major administrative subdivision
comment: example: Northern Ireland
deprecated: true

obsolete geopolitical dependency
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
definition: A subnational entity that does not possess full political independence or sovereignty as a sovereign state, but remains politically outside of the controlling state and controls a geographical region that is outside the controlling state's integral region.
alternative label: geopolitical dependency
comment: Typically, the common feature is that the dependency does not conduct foreign affairs, and relegates this authority to the sovereign state. BUt otherwise, it is largely or completely autonomous relative to the administrative subdivisions. Examples include Puerto Rico (U.S.), Guam (U.S.), Greenland (Denmark), French Polynesia (France), and Falkland Islands (United Kingdom).
deprecated: true

aggregate of organizations
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: organization
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has member
    all values from: organization
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has member
    min qualified cardinality: 2
    on class: organization
subclass of: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has member
  some values from: organization
definition: An object aggregate that is not itself an organization and whose members are only organizations that have some feature in common
definition editor: William R. Hogan Amanda Hicks
comment: It is often convenient to group organizations together that otherwise might not even interact with one another.

obsolete aggregate of sovereign states
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
definition: An aggregate of sovereign states that share some feature in common, but is not an organization nor necessarily the outcome of some treaty among them.
definition editor: An aggregate of geopoli organizations that is not itself a sovereign state and whose members are only sovereign states that have some feature in common
definition editor: William R. Hogan
alternative label: aggregate of sovereign states
deprecated: true

obsolete aggregate of geopoli organizations
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
definition: An object aggregate that is not itself a geopolitical organization and whose members are only geopolitical organizations that have some feature in common
definition editor: Amanda Hicks
definition editor: William R. Hogan
alternative label: aggregate of geopoli organizations
deprecated: true

obsolete aggregate of dependencies
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
definition: An aggregate of geopoli organizations that is not itself a geopolitical dependency and whose members are only geopolitical dependencies that have some feature in common.
definition editor: Amanda Hicks
alternative label: aggregate of dependencies
deprecated: true

obsolete aggregate of major administrative subdivisions
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
definition: An aggregate of geopoli organizations that is not itself a major administrative subdivision and whose members are only major administrative subdivisions that have some feature in common
definition editor: Amanda Hicks
alternative label: aggregate of major administrative subdivisions
deprecated: true

legal person role
type: Class
subclass of: role in human social processes
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: characteristic of
    some values from: Class
      union of: Homo sapiens
      union of: collection of humans
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: characteristic of
    all values from: Class
      union of: Homo sapiens
      union of: collection of humans
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: characteristic of
  some values from: Class
    union of: Homo sapiens
    union of: collection of humans
definition: A role borne by a human individual or by a collection of humans regarded as possessing rights and duties enforeable at law.
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen
definition source: Malcolm N. Shaw: International Law. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2008.
comment: We are aware of the fact that Wikipedia's definition differs from ours by saying that "Legal personality (...) is the characteristic of a non-living entity regarded by law to have the status of personhood" (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_personality) However, Shaw explicates: "In any legal system, certain entities, whether they be individuals or companies, will be regarded as possessing rights and duties enforceable at law. Thus an individual may prosecute or be prosecuted for assault and a company can sue for breach of contract. They are able to do this because the law recognises them as 'legal persons' possessing the capacity to have and to maintain certain rights, and being subject to perform specific duties. (...) In municipal law individuals, limited companies and public corporations are recognized as each possessing a distinct legal personality, the terms of which are circumscribed by the relevant legislation" (Shaw MN: International Law. Sixth Edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2008). We hold that Shaw's position is ontological more prolific since it not only allows to explain how groups of individuals become recognized as unities at law, but also how different individuals can hold different legal personality roles (always against the context of one legal system). The latter will proof useful when dealing with the representing comatous patients or minorsat law in ontologies.

smoker role
type: Class
subclass of: role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: characteristic of
  some values from: Homo sapiens
definition: A role that inheres in an organism and is realized by habitually smoking tobacco products.

intravenous drug user
type: Class
subclass of: role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: characteristic of
  some values from: Homo sapiens

obsolete intergovernmental organization
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
definition: an intergovernmental organization that has at least three member states, that has activies in at least three states, and that is unified by some formal intergovernmental agreement
definition editor: Amanda Hicks
alternative label: intergovernmental organization
definition source: "IGOs are organizations whose memebers include at lesat three states, that have activities in several states, and whose members are held together by a formal intergovernmental agreement ... These organizations range in size from three members (North American Free Trade Argreement [NAFTA]) to more than 190 memembers (Universal Postal Union (UPU)]. Memebers may come from primarily one georgraphic regioni (Oragnaization of American States [OAS]) or from all geographic regions (World Bank). although soem IGOs are designed to achieve a single purpose (Organization of Petroleum exporting countries [OPEC]), others have been developed for multiple tasks (United Nations [UN}). ... IGOs are recognized subjects of international law with separate standing fromt heir member states." Karns and Mingst I(2004) p. 7
contributor: Katrina Donovan
comment: examples: North American Free Trade Argreement [NAFTA] , Universal Postal Union [UPU], Oragnaization of American States [OAS], World Bank), Organization of Petroleum exporting countries [OPEC] United Nations [UN[, The World Trade Organization [WTO], The World Health Organization [WHO], UNICEF
deprecated: true

obsolete nongovernmental organization
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
definition: a geopolitical organization that is voluntary and private, whose members are individual persons or organizations that come together to acheive a common purpose.
alternative label: nongovernmental organizations
definition source: NGOs are private voluntary organizations whose members are individuals or associations that come together to acheive a common purpose. Some organizations are formed to advocate a particular cause such as human rights, peace, or envirnomental projetion. Others are established to provide services such as disaster relief, humantarian aid in war-torn socieities, or development assistance. ... National level groups are often called interest or pressure groups, and many of them are now linked to counterpart groups in other countries through transnational networks or federations. International NGOs, like IGOs, may draw their members from one region or several regions, and they may have very specific functions or be multi-functional. Karns and Mingst (2004) p. 10f.
contributor: Katrina Donovan
comment: Examples: Internaltion Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, Oxfam, CARE, Doctors Without Borders, World Wildlife Fund, Transparency International, Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, and Save the Children.
deprecated: true

obsolete private governance organizations
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
definition editor: Amanda Hicks
alternative label: private governance organizations
definition source: "Although the very meaning of the term is controversial, it involves authoritative decsionmaking in areas that once were part of national legal frameworks, the government, the sovereign state, or the public sector." Karns and Mingst (2004) p. 14.
contributor: Katrina Donovan
comment: Examples: private bond-rating agencies such as Moody's Investors Service, International Chamber of Commerce, Worldwide Responsible Apparel Manufacturing Principles, Forest Stewardship
deprecated: true

obsolete governmental organization
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
definition: An organization that governs the people living in a particular geographical region or aggregate of geographical regions. The geographical region it governs can change over time (such as the westward expansion of the United States and the addition of Hawaii). Note: this definition was taken over from "geopolitical organization".
definition editor: Amanda Hicks
alternative label: governmental organization
comment: IMPORTANT: The label "geopolitical organization" was previously used for OMRSE_00000044 (governmental organization). "geopoli organization" is a label for a new and different class.
deprecated: true

obsolete sovereign state
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
definition: A governmental organization with a defined territory on which it exercises internal and external sovereignty, a permanent population, a government, and the capacity to enter into relations with other sovereign states.
definition editor: William R. Hogan
alternative label: nation
alternative label: nation state
alternative label: sovereign state
definition source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereign_state
comment: Per Wikipedia, the word 'nation' does not always refer to soverign states. For example, the "nation of Islam".
deprecated: true

obsolete subnational entity
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
definition: a governmental organization that has a local, regional, or territorial government that recognizes a sovereign state as its higher political authority
definition editor: Amanda Hicks
definition editor: William R. Hogan
alternative label: subnational entity
deprecated: true

obsolete supranational entity
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
definition editor: Amanda Hicks
alternative label: supranational entity
comment: e.g., the EU
deprecated: true

obsolete material entity role
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
deprecated: true

obsolete organism role
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
deprecated: true

obsolete Homo sapiens role
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
deprecated: true

organization role
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: role
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: characteristic of
    some values from: organization
subclass of: role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: characteristic of
  some values from: organization
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: characteristic of
  all values from: organization

hospital function
type: Class
subclass of: function
definition: A function inhering in a material entity that, if realized, is realized by the material entity being the site at which inpatient and outpatient healthcare is provided to a patient population.
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen

school function
type: Class
subclass of: function
definition: A function inhering in a material entity that, if realized, is realized by that material entity being the site at which formal education is provided to a student population.
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen

hospital role
type: Class
subclass of: health care provider organization role
definition: A healthcare provider role that inheres in an organization and is realized by providing inpatient care.
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen

school role
type: Class
subclass of: organization social role
definition editor: An organization social role that inheres in an organization and is realized by providing formal education to students.
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen

hospital organization
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: organization
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has characteristic
    some values from: hospital role
subclass of: organization
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has characteristic
  some values from: hospital role
definition: An organization that is the bearer of a hospital role.
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen

school organization
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: organization
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has characteristic
    some values from: school role
subclass of: organization
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has characteristic
  some values from: school role
definition: An organization that is the bearer of a school role.
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen

student role
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: human role within an organization
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is specified output of
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: deontic declaration
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: process has causal agent
        some values from: school organization
definition: A human social role that, if realized, is realized by the process of formal education that the bearer undergoes.
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen

nursery school role
type: Class
subclass of: school role
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen

primary school role
type: Class
subclass of: school role
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen

architectural structure
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
definition: A material entity that is a human made strcuture with firm connection between its foundation and the ground.
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen
definition source: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bauwerk
comment: "Building" is a subclass of this.
comment: This type of entity is referred to as "Bauwerk" or "Bauliche Anlage".

facility
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: architectural structure
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has characteristic
    some values from: function
subclass of: architectural structure
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has characteristic
  some values from: function
definition: An architectural structure that bears some function.
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen

Axiom
annotated source: facility
annotated property: subClassOf
annotated target: Restriction
version info: 09/09/2017

hospital facility
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Class
    union of: Restriction
      on property: is owned by
      some values from: hospital organization
    union of: Restriction
      on property: is administered by
      some values from: hospital organization
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has characteristic
    some values from: hospital function
subclass of: health care facility
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contains process
  some values from: acute care encounter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has characteristic
  some values from: hospital function
definition: A health care facility that bears the function to provide acute and intensive healthcare services and that is run by a hospital organization and is the bearer of a hospital function.
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen
definition editor: William Hogan

school facility
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: facility
  intersection of: Class
    union of: Restriction
      on property: is owned by
      some values from: school organization
    union of: Restriction
      on property: is administered by
      some values from: school organization
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has characteristic
    some values from: school function
subclass of: facility
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has characteristic
  some values from: school function
definition: A facility that is run by a school organization and is the bearer of a school function.
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen

secondary school role
type: Class
subclass of: school role
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen

pediatric trauma patient role
type: Class
subclass of: trauma patient role
definition: A trauma patient role that inheres in a homo sapiens who is under the age of 15 years.
definition editor: Amanda Hicks
alternative label: pediatric trauma patient
definition source: The following definition for 'pediatric trauma patient' was approved by the CAFE team of domain experts (experts in trauma care) May 29, 2015. "A trauma patient who is under the age of 15 years."

injured patient role
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: patient role
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: characteristic of
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: obsolete organism
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has part
        some values from: injury
subclass of: patient role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: characteristic of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: obsolete organism
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has part
      some values from: injury
definition: A patient role that inheres an organism suffering one or more injuries.
definition editor: Amanda Hicks
alternative label: injured patient
definition source: The following definition for 'injured patient' was approved by the CAFE team of domain experts (experts in trauma care) May 29, 2015. A patient suffering one or more injuries.

burn patient role
type: Class
subclass of: injured patient role
definition: A patient role that inheres in an organism suffering a thermal, electrical, chemical or radiation burn.
definition editor: Amanda Hicks
definition editor: The following definition for 'burn patient' was approved by the CAFE team of domain experts (experts in trauma care) May 29, 2015. A patient suffering a thermal, electrical, chemical or radiation burn.
definition editor: burn patient

physiatrist role
type: Class
subclass of: physician role
definition: A physician role that is created by training and certification in rehabilitation/physical medicine and that is realized by the provision of or supervising of the provision of rehabilitation or physical therapy to a patient.
definition editor: Amanda Hicks
alternative label: physiatrist
definition source: The following definition for 'physiatrist' was approved by the CAFE team of domain experts (experts in trauma care) May 29, 2015. A physician with training and certification in rehabilitation/physical medicine.
comment: Definition updated May 5, 2016. Original definitions was, a health care role borne by a human being and realized by training and certification in rehabilitation medicine.

trauma patient role
type: Class
subclass of: patient role
definition: A patient role that inheres in an organism with some non-superficial traumatic injury. The role is realized by admision to a hospital, transfer from one hospital to another for the purpose of trauma care, or has death as a result of the traumatic injury.
definition editor: Amanda Hicks
alternative label: trauma patient
definition source: The following definition for 'trauma patient' was approved by the CAFE team of domain experts (experts in trauma care) May 29, 2015. A patient sustaining an injury who has been admitted to the hospital, transferred from one hospital to another for the purpose of trauma care, or has died as a result of the traumatic injury.

housing unit
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: material entity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: site
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: material entity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has characteristic
    qualified cardinality: 1
    on class: residence function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: site
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has characteristic
  some values from: residence function
definition: A material entity that has as parts one or more sites large enough to contain humans, has as part one or more material entities that separates it from other sites, and bears a residence function.
definition editor: Amanda Hicks
definition source: https://github.com/ufbmi/OMRSE/wiki/Housing-unit-and-Household
comment: Housing units are individuated by their residence functions.

residence function
type: Class
subclass of: function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: characteristic of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: material entity
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has part
      some values from: site
definition: A function that inheres in a material entity and, if realized, is realized by protecting persons and their possessions from weather and by some person or group of persons habitually sleeping in at least one site that is contained by that material entity.
definition editor: Amanda Hicks

household
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Class
    union of: Homo sapiens
    union of: collection of humans
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: participates in
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: process
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: realizes
        some values from: residence function
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: occurs in
        some values from: housing unit
subclass of: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: participates in
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: process
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: realizes
      some values from: residence function
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: occurs in
      some values from: housing unit
definition: A human or collection of humans that occupies a housing unit by storing their possessions there and habitually sleeping there thereby participating in the realization of that housing unit's residence function.
definition editor: Amanda Hicks
comment: Note in OMRSE it is the housing unit, not the people living there, that are the bearers of a "residence function". Note the distinction between being a residence and a resident.
comment: Note that it is not possible in OWL 2, at least that we have yet found, to say that the housing unit in which the process occurs is the same one that is the bearer of the residence function (that the process realizes).

job role
type: Class
subclass of: role in human social processes
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: realized in
  some values from: employment process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is specified output of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: deontic declaration
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: process has causal agent
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: Class
        intersection of: Restriction
definition: A role in human social processes that, if realized, is realized when the bearer provides labor or services in exchange for a wage or salary as specified by some deontic declaration.
definition editor: Amanda hicks
alternative label: employee

workplace facility
type: Class
subclass of: facility
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has characteristic
  some values from: workplace function
definition editor: Amanda Hicks

workplace function
type: Class
subclass of: function
definition: a function inhering in a material entity that, if realized, is realized by that material entity being the site where the work of some organization is carried out
definition editor: Amanda Hicks

US census householder role
type: Class
subclass of: human social role
definition: A US Census householder role is a human social role that, if realized, is realized by that person being a member of a household and either owning or renting the housing unit in which that household resides and being designated as the householder. If there is only one member of the household who owns or rents the housing unit, that person is designated the householder by default.
definition editor: Amanda Hicks
definition source: http://www.census.gov/cps/about/cpsdef.html last accessed on June 30, 2015

US Census reference person role
type: Class
subclass of: human social role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: realized in
  some values from: documenting
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: characteristic of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Homo sapiens
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: member of
      some values from: household
definition: A US cenus reference person role is a human social role that inheres in a Homo sapiens who is a member of a household and is realized by other persons in the household being recorded in the US census in relation to that person.
definition editor: Amanda Hicks
definition source: http://www.census.gov/cps/about/cpsdef.html last accessed June 30, 2015

obsolete OMB ethnic identity datum
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
definition: An ethnic identity datum that is the output of an ethnic identification process that uses OMB terminology for ethnicity or terminology that is mapped the OMB ethnicity terms.
definition editor: Amanda Hicks
term replaced by: OMB ethnic identity information content entity
deprecated: true

enrollment end date
type: Class
subclass of: one-dimensional temporal region

obsolete socio-legal human social role
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
definition editor: A role that concretizes a socio-lega generically dependent continuant
definition editor: Amanda Hicks
deprecated: true

human role within an organization
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: human social role
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is specified output of
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: deontic declaration
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: process has causal agent
        some values from: Class
definition: A human social role that is created by a deontic declaration performed by an organization.
definition editor: Amanda Hicks
alternative label: human organizational role

employer role
type: Class
subclass of: role in human social processes
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: realized in
  some values from: employment process
definition: a role in human social processes that is realized when the bearer provides a wage or salary in exchange for some labour or services as specified by some declaration

age measurement datum
type: Class
subclass of: time measurement datum

contract
type: Class
subclass of: document
definition: A document that records a legally binding agreement between two or more parties.
editor note: A contract is a document that is the specified output of a legally binding document act and records a legally binding agreement between two or more parties.

indemnity contract
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: contract
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: conditional specification
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: objective specification
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: action specification
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: plan specification
definition: A contract by which one party secures the other against pecuniary loss by payment of a sum of money if a specified event occurs.
definition editor: Amanda Hicks

insurance policy
type: Class
subclass of: indemnity contract
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: indemnity contract
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is specified output of
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: deontic document act
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: process has causal agent
        some values from: insurance organization
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: process has causal agent
        some values from: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is specified output of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: deontic document act
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: process has causal agent
      some values from: insurance organization
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: process has causal agent
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: collection of humans
        intersection of: Restriction
definition: An indemnity contract that distributes risk among a group of people
definition editor: Amanda Hicks

insured party role
type: Class
subclass of: role in human social processes
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: role in human social processes
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: participates in
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: deontic document act
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has specified output
        some values from: insurance policy
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property:
      inverse of: is about
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: conditional specification
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: part of
        some values from: insurance policy
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: participates in
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: deontic document act
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has specified output
      some values from: insurance policy
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: is about
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: conditional specification
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: part of
      some values from: insurance policy
definition: A role that inheres in an organism that is able to receive benefits from an insurance policy. The role, if realized, is realized by receiving benefits that are covered by the insurance policy.
definition editor: Amanda Hicks

insurance organization
type: Class
subclass of: organization
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: organization
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has characteristic
    some values from: party to an insurance policy
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has characteristic
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: payer role
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: is specified output of
        some values from: deontic document act
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property:
      inverse of: is about
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: action specification
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: part of
        some values from: insurance policy
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has characteristic
  some values from: party to an insurance policy
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has characteristic
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: payer role
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: is specified output of
      some values from: deontic document act
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: is about
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: action specification
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: part of
      some values from: insurance policy
definition: An organization that secures a group of people against pecuniary loss by payment of a sum of money if a a specified event occurs.
definition editor: Amanda Hicks

policy holder role
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: insured party role
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: characteristic of
    some values from: Restriction
      on property: has characteristic
      some values from: party to an insurance policy
definition: An insured party role that inheres in a person who participates in the creation of the insurance contract and is eligible to receive benefits as specified by the insurance contract.
definition editor: Amanda Hicks

payer role
type: Class
subclass of: role in human social processes

party to an insurance policy
type: Class
subclass of: party to a legal agreement

enrollment start date
type: Class
subclass of: one-dimensional temporal region

obsolete racial identity datum
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
definition: A racial identity is an information content entity that is the output of some racial identitification process and is intended to be a truthful statement about the genetic or cultural race of a person. Unlike data items they are not necessilary contributed or acquired by a reliable method.
term replaced by: racial identity information content entity
deprecated: true

obsolete racial identification process
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
deprecated: true

obsolete ethnic identity datum
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
definition: An ethnic identity datum is an information content entity that is the output of some ethnic identitification process and is intended to be a truthful statement about the cultural or national heritage of a person. Unlike data items they are not necessilary contributed or acquired by a reliable method.
definition editor: Amanda Hicks
term replaced by: ethnic identity information content entity
deprecated: true

obsolete ethnic identification process
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
deprecated: true

health care facility
type: Class
subclass of: facility
subclass of: Class
  union of: Class
    intersection of: facility
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: is owned by
      some values from: Restriction
        on property: has characteristic
        some values from: health care provider organization role
  union of: Restriction
    on property: is administered by
    some values from: Restriction
      on property: has characteristic
      some values from: health care provider organization role
definition: A facility bearing the function to provide healthcare and that is administered by a health care organization for the purpose of providing health care to a patient or patient population.
definition editor: William Hogan
has_exact_synonym: healthcare facility

US Census unemployed role
type: Class
subclass of: human social role
definition: A human social role that inheres in a human who is legally eligible to work, is conferred by the U.S. Census Bureau, and is realized by the bearer not working and either making active efforts to find employment in the four weeks prior to the reference week or waiting to be recalled from temporary layoff.
definition editor: Amanda Hicks

hospice facility
type: Class
subclass of: health care facility
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contains process
  some values from: skilled nursing encounter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has characteristic
  some values from: hospice function
definition: A health care facility that bears a function to provide healthcare to the sick or terminally ill
definition editor: Amanda Hicks
definition editor: Emma Norris
definition editor: William Hogan
definition source: Human Behaviour Change Project

skilled nursing facility
type: Class
subclass of: community living health care facility
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contains process
  some values from: skilled nursing encounter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has characteristic
  some values from: skilled nursing function
definition: A community living health care facility in which patients receive health care by licensed nurses.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
contributor: Amanda Hicks
contributor: William R. Hogan

rehabilitation facility
type: Class
subclass of: community living health care facility
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contains process
  some values from: skilled nursing encounter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has characteristic
  some values from: rehabilitation function
definition: A facility to assist in physical or addiction recovery
definition editor: Amanda Hicks
definition editor: Emma Norris
definition editor: William Hogan
definition source: Human Behaviour Change Project

nursing home facility
type: Class
subclass of: community living health care facility
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contains process
  some values from: skilled nursing encounter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has characteristic
  some values from: nursing home function
definition: A facility that is run by a nursing home organization and is the bearer of a nursing home function.
definition editor: Amanda Hicks

residential health care facility
type: Class
subclass of: community living health care facility
definition: A community living health care facility that provides health care services in a home-like setting
definition editor: Amanda Hicks
definition editor: William Hogan
has_exact_synonym: residential healthcare facility

overnight dialysis facility
type: Class
subclass of: health care facility
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contains process
  some values from: dialysis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contains process
  some values from: skilled nursing encounter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has characteristic
  some values from: overnight dialysis function
definition editor: Amanda Hicks

outpatient clinic facility
type: Class
subclass of: health care facility
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has characteristic
  some values from: outpatient clinic function
definition: A health care facility that bears a function to provide low intensity healthcare services to patients on a short-term basis, with patients leaving on the same date as arriving (i.e., without them staying overnight)
definition editor: Amanda Hicks
definition editor: Emma Norris
definition editor: William Hogan
definition source: Human Behaviour Change Project
comment: Broadened from treatment to healthcare services generally. "Low intensity" is not defined at the moment, but is needed to differentiate from same-day surgery centers or observation stays in hospitals that last <24 hours. The idea is that few invasive procedures are performed, and the ones that are invasive are not typically much worse than a blood draw. Maybe bone marrow biopsy is as aggressive as it gets. I wonder if hematologists do that on an outpatient basis.

physician office facility
type: Class
subclass of: health care facility
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has characteristic
  some values from: physician office function
definition editor: Amanda Hicks

ambulatory surgery facility
type: Class
subclass of: health care facility
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contains process
  some values from: surgery
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has characteristic
  some values from: ambulatory surgery function
definition editor: Amanda Hicks

urgent care facility
type: Class
subclass of: health care facility
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has characteristic
  some values from: urgent care function
definition editor: Amanda Hicks

emergency department facility
type: Class
subclass of: health care facility
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contains process
  some values from: acute care encounter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has characteristic
  some values from: emergency department function
definition: A health care facility that bears a function to provide emergency healthcare services and the acute care of patients who present without prior appointment, having arrived either by their own means or by ambulance
definition editor: Amanda Hicks
definition editor: Emma Norris
definition editor: William Hogan
definition source: Adapted from Human Behaviour Change Project

urgent care function
type: Class
subclass of: function

ambulatory surgery function
type: Class
subclass of: function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: realized in
  some values from: surgery
definition editor: Amanda Hicks

hospice function
type: Class
subclass of: palliative function

emergency department function
type: Class
subclass of: function

physician office function
type: Class
subclass of: function

outpatient clinic function
type: Class
subclass of: function

overnight dialysis function
type: Class
subclass of: function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: realized in
  some values from: dialysis

rehabilitation function
type: Class
subclass of: function

skilled nursing function
type: Class
subclass of: function

obsolete residential function
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
term replaced by: residence function (OMRSE:00000075)
deprecated: true

nursing home function
type: Class
subclass of: function

patient discharge
type: Class
subclass of: deontic document act
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has specified output
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: document
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has part
        some values from: plan specification
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: process has causal agent
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: Homo sapiens
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has characteristic
        some values from: health care provider role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: ends
  some values from: inpatient encounter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: before
  some values from: admission process
definition: A deontic document act that concludes an inpatient encounter.
definition editor: Amanda Hicks
alternative label: discharge process

obsolete hispanic or latino identity datum
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
definition: An OMB ethnic identity datum that indicates the person identified is of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin regardless of race.
definition editor: Amanda Hicks
term replaced by: OMB Hispanic or Latino identity information content entity
deprecated: true

obsolete not hispanic or latino identity datum
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
definition: An OMB ethnic identity datum that indicates the person identified is not of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin regardless of race.
definition editor: Amanda Hicks
term replaced by: OMB not Hispanic or Latino identity information content entity
deprecated: true

US physician assistant role
type: Class
subclass of: institutional health care provider role
definition: A human health care provider role that inheres in a human being that is created by state licensing and that is realized by taking patient histories, performing physical exams, diagnosing illnesses, developing treatment plans, ordering lab tests, prescribing medications, counselling and educating patients, suturing wounds, and assisting in surgery under the supervision of a physician or a surgeon.

anesthesiologist role
type: Class
subclass of: physician role
definition: A physician role that inheres a human being and, if it is realized, is realized either by administering medication for the temporary general or local suppression of sensory or motor nerve function during some health care encounter or by making decisions independently of a supervising physician regarding the adminstration of such medication.

obsolete OMB racial identification process
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
deprecated: true

obsolete identity datum
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
definition: An identity datum is an information content entity that is the output of some identitification process and is intended to be a truthful statement about a person's social identity. Unlike data items they are not necessilary contributed or acquired by a reliable method.
term replaced by: social identity information content entity
creator: Amanda Hicks
deprecated: true

obsolete gender identity datum
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
definition: A gender identity is an information content entity that is the output of some gender identitification process and is intended to be a truthful statement about a person's subjective sense of their gender. Unlike data items they are not necessilary contributed or acquired by a reliable method.
term replaced by: gender identity information content entity
creator: Amanda Hicks
deprecated: true

obsolete identification process
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
creator: Amanda Hicks
deprecated: true

obsolete gender identification process
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
deprecated: true

obsolete female gender identity datum
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
definition: a gender identity datum resulting from a gender identification process in which ‘female’ is selected based on the participant's subjective sense of gender
definition editor: Amanda Hicks
term replaced by: female gender identity information content entity
deprecated: true

surgeon role
type: Class
subclass of: physician role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: realized in
  some values from: surgery
definition: A physician role that, if realized, is realized by its bearer using operative manual and instrumental techniques to investigate, treat, or modify a patient's anatomical or physiological state for health, functional, or aesthetic purposes.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
contributor: William R. Hogan

neurosurgeon role
type: Class
subclass of: surgeon role
definition: A surgeon role realized by its bearer using performing neurosurgery.

obsolete male gender identity datum
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
definition: a gender identity datum resulting from a gender identification process in which ‘male’ is selected based on the participant's subjective sense of gender
definition editor: Amanda Hicks
term replaced by: male gender identity information content entity
deprecated: true

human traveling information
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: information content entity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is about
    some values from: human travel
subclass of: information content entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is about
  some values from: human travel
definition: An information content entity that is about human travel.
definition source: https://github.com/ufbmi/OMRSE/issues/79
contributor: Jie Zheng
creator: Amanda Hicks

household identifier
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: symbol
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: denotes
    some values from: household
subclass of: symbol
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: denotes
  some values from: household
contributor: A symbol that denotes a specific household
contributor: Jie Zheng
creator: Amanda Hicks

family identifier
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: symbol
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: denotes
    some values from: family
subclass of: symbol
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: denotes
  some values from: family
definition: A symbol that denotes a family.
contributor: Jie Zheng
creator: Amanda Hicks

obsolete self-identity data item
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
definition: an identity datum that has been asserted by the person whom it is about
definition editor: Amanda Hicks
deprecated: true

employment process
type: Class
subclass of: obsolete planned process
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: realizes
    some values from: job role
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: realizes
    some values from: employer role
definition: A planned process in which the bearer of an employer role provides wages or salary to the bearer of an employee roll in fullfillment of the arrangements specified in some declaration

pediatric surgeon role
type: Class
subclass of: surgeon role
definition: A surgeon role that, if realized, is realized by its bearer by performing procedures on a child.
definition editor: Amanda Hicks

adult foster home facility
type: Class
subclass of: community living health care facility
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has characteristic
  some values from: adult foster home function
definition: a facility that is run by an adult foster home organization and is the bearer of an adult foster home organization
definition editor: Amanda Hicks

adult foster home function
type: Class
subclass of: function

community living health care facility
type: Class
subclass of: health care facility
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contains process
  some values from: assistance with activities of daily living care encounter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contains process
  some values from: assistance with instrumental activities of daily living encounter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has characteristic
  some values from: residence function
definition: A health care facility that also bears a residence function and thus is one in which the patients are also residents of the facility.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
alternative label: long-term health care facility
alternative label: long-term healthcare facility
contributor: William R. Hogan
has_exact_synonym: community living healthcare facility

registered nurse role
type: Class
subclass of: nurse role
definition: A nurse role that requires successful completion of some nursing education program and some nursing license examination.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
contributor: William R. Hogan
comment: This class is intended to apply to registered nurse positions broadly, including those outside the US.

skilled nursing encounter
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: health care encounter
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: occurs in
    some values from: skilled nursing facility
subclass of: health care encounter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: realizes
  some values from: registered nurse role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: occurs in
  some values from: skilled nursing facility
definition: A heatlh care encounter that occurs in a skilled nursing facility.
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5039-2052
term tracker item: https://github.com/mcwdsi/OMRSE/issues/305
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9881-1017

assistive care encounter
type: Class
subclass of: obsolete planned process
definition: They include assistance with activities of daily living, assistance with instrumental activities of daily living, medication assistance, and health support http://ahca.myflorida.com/Medicaid/acs/index.shtml
definition editor: Amanda Hicks

assistance with activities of daily living care encounter
type: Class
subclass of: assistive care encounter

assistance with instrumental activities of daily living encounter
type: Class
subclass of: assistive care encounter

medication assistance care encounter
type: Class
subclass of: assistive care encounter

assisted living facility
type: Class
subclass of: community living health care facility
definition: A facility that is run by an assisted living facility organization and is the bearer of an assisted living facility function.

assisted living function
type: Class
subclass of: function

post-acute health care encounter
type: Class
subclass of: health care encounter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: occurs in
  some values from: community living health care facility
disjoint with: acute care encounter
definition: temporally located after some acute care encounter Somehow involves skilled nursing encounters
has_exact_synonym: post-acute healthcare encounter

acute care encounter
type: Class
subclass of: health care encounter

leaving a health care facility after receiving care
type: Class
subclass of: process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has participant
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: has characteristic
    some values from: patient role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: immediately preceded by
  some values from: health care encounter
definition: A process (1) where the active participant, who at the beginning of the process is located in a healthcare facility, exits the facility and no longer stands in a "located in" relationship to the facility and (2) is immediately preceded by a healthcare encounter in which the active participant also participated.
definition editor: William R. Hogan
has_exact_synonym: leaving a healthcare facility after receiving care

obsolete medical advice
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
deprecated: true

response to a question asking process
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: participates in
  some values from: obsolete questions asking process
comment: Note that not all responses to a question asking process are answers. For example, a refusal to answer is not an answer. A refusal to answer is also not a specified output of the question asking process since it does not acheive the objective of asking the question, which is to get an answer.

home health care organization
type: Class
subclass of: organization
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has characteristic
  some values from: function
has_exact_synonym: home healthcare organization

home health care function
type: Class
subclass of: health care function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: realized in
  some values from: assistance with activities of daily living care encounter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: realized in
  some values from: assistance with instrumental activities of daily living encounter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: realized in
  some values from: home health care encounter
has_exact_synonym: home healthcare function

home health care encounter
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: health care encounter
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: occurs in
    some values from: housing unit
subclass of: health care encounter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: occurs in
  some values from: housing unit
definition: A health care encounter that occurs in the housing unit where the patient resides.
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5039-2052
term tracker item: https://github.com/mcwdsi/OMRSE/issues/304
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9881-1017
has_exact_synonym: home healthcare encounter

obsolete questions asking process
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
term replaced by: information content entity-request process
deprecated: true

palliative function
type: Class
subclass of: health care function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: realized in
  some values from: assistance with activities of daily living care encounter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: realized in
  some values from: assistance with instrumental activities of daily living encounter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: realized in
  some values from: palliative care encounter

palliative care encounter
type: Class
subclass of: health care encounter

hospice organization
type: Class
subclass of: organization
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has characteristic
  some values from: hospice function

health care function
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: function
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: realized in
    some values from: health care encounter
subclass of: function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: realized in
  some values from: health care encounter
has_exact_synonym: healthcare function

obsolete material information bearer of question text plus answer set
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
deprecated: true

refusal to answer datum
type: Class
subclass of: response to a question asking process

response to an identity question asking process
type: Class
subclass of: response to a question asking process

obsolete identity question asking process
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
deprecated: true

obsolete ethnic identity question asking process
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
term replaced by: information content entity request about ethnic identity
deprecated: true

obsolete race identity question asking process
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
term replaced by: information content entity request about racial identity
deprecated: true

answer to identity question
type: Class
subclass of: response to an identity question asking process

obsolete American Indian or Alaska Native identity datum
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
definition: A racial identity that is the output of a racial identification process that uses OMB terminology for race or terminology that is mapped the OMB race terms and that indicates that the subject of the identity has origins in any of the original peoples of North and South America (including Central America), and maintains tribal affiliation or community attachment.
definition editor: Amanda Hicks
term replaced by: OMB American Indian or Alaska Native identity information content entity
deprecated: true

obsolete Asian identity datum
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
definition: A racial identity that is the output of a racial identification process that uses OMB terminology for race or terminology that is mapped the OMB race terms and that indicates that the subject of the identity has origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, or the Indian subcontinent.
definition editor: Amanda Hicks
term replaced by: OMB Asian identity information content entity
deprecated: true

obsolete black or African American identity datum
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
definition: A racial identity that is the output of a racial identification process that uses OMB terminology for race or terminology that is mapped the OMB race terms and that indicates that the subject of the identity has origins in any of the black racial groups of Africa.
definition editor: Amanda Hicks
term replaced by: OMB black or African American identity information content entity
deprecated: true

obsolete Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander identity datum
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
definition: A racial identity that is the output of a racial identification process that uses OMB terminology for race or terminology that is mapped the OMB race terms and that indicates that the subject of the identity has origins in any of the original peoples of Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, or other Pacific Islands.
definition editor: Amanda Hicks
term replaced by: OMB Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander identity information content entity
deprecated: true

obsolete white identity datum
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
definition: A racial identity that is the output of a racial identification process that uses OMB terminology for race or terminology that is mapped the OMB race terms and that indicates that the subject of the identity has origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa.
definition editor: Amanda Hicks
term replaced by: OMB white identity information content entity
deprecated: true

obsolete OMB racial identity datum
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
definition: A racial identity that is the output of a racial identification process that uses OMB terminology for race or terminology that is mapped the OMB race terms.
definition editor: Amanda Hicks
term replaced by: OMB racial identity information content entity
deprecated: true

heavy smoker role
type: Class
subclass of: smoker role
definition: A role that inheres in an organism and is realized by habitually smoking 10 or more tobacco cigerettes a day or the equivalent in other tobacco products.

light smoker role
type: Class
subclass of: smoker role
definition: A role that inheres in an organism and is realized by habitually smoking 1>10 tobacco cigerettes a day or the equivalent in other tobacco products.

answer set
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity

question text
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity

option as member of some answer set
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: member of
  some values from: answer set

residential facility
type: Class
subclass of: facility
editor preferred term: residential facility
definition: A facility that has at least one housing unit as part in which a person or persons live
definition editor: Emma Norris
definition editor: William Hogan
definition source: Modified version of definition provided by Human Behaviour Change Project

obsolete communication
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
definition: A process in which some participant shares some information content entity about some state of that participant with some other participant.
definition editor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: Mathias Brochhausen
contributor: Matthew Diller
contributor: William R. Hogan
comment: The term 'participant' in the definition need not refer to a human agent.
deprecated: true

obsolete linguistic competence
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
definition: A disposition inhering in a material entity that, if realized, is realized by that material entity’s communicating via some linguistic concretization.
definition editor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: Mathias Brochhausen
contributor: Matthew Diller
contributor: William R. Hogan
deprecated: true

obsolete language
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
definition: A disposition inhering in a linguistic community that (i) is a maximal aggregate of communicatively compatible linguistic competences, and (ii) if realized, is realized by any and all realizations of those linguistic competences.
definition editor: William R. Hogan
contributor: Mathias Brochhausen
contributor: Matthew Diller
contributor: S. Clint Dowland
deprecated: true

linguistic community
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has characteristic
  some values from: language
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has member
  all values from: Class
    intersection of: material entity
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has characteristic
      some values from: linguistic competence
definition: A maximal aggregate of material entities such that each member bears a linguistic competence for the same language.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
contributor: Mathias Brochhausen
contributor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: William R. Hogan

obsolete expression of preferred language
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
definition: A communication in which some participant states a preference for some communicative process to be in a certain language, and that has a concretization of a preferred language information content entity as its specified output.
definition editor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: Mathias Brochhausen
contributor: Matthew Diller
contributor: William R. Hogan
deprecated: true

obsolete preferred language information content entity
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
definition: An information content entity that (i) is about some person, some language, and some linguistic competence; and (ii) conveys the language with which that person prefers to communicate within some given context.
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen
contributor: Matthew Diller
contributor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: William R. Hogan
deprecated: true

information content entity-request process
type: Class
subclass of: communication
definition: a communication in which some participant requests of some other participant an information content entity about some portion of reality
definition editor: S. Clint Dowland
comment: As with the parent class, 'participant' in the definition need not refer to a human agent.
comment: The medium and grammatical form are irrelevant. For example, the request may be written or spoken, and while it may be in the form of a question, it need not be.

information content entity request about ethnic identity
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity-request process
definition: an information content entity-request process in which some participant requests of some other participant an information content entity that indicates the ethnic identity of that other participant
definition editor: S. Clint Dowland

information content entity request about racial identity
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity-request process
definition: an information content entity-request process in which some participant requests of some other participant an information content entity that indicates the racial identity of that other participant
definition editor: S. Clint Dowland

admission process
type: Class
subclass of: deontic document act
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: before
  some values from: patient discharge
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: starts
  some values from: inpatient encounter
definition: A deontic document act in which a patient is registered with a health care provider for the purpose of receiving care in an inpatient encounter.
definition editor: Amanda Hicks

cancer summary staging
type: Class
subclass of: obsolete planned process
editor preferred term: cancer summary staging
example of usage: The cancer summary staging performed on patient John Doe's clinical picture.
definition: A planned process of determining the extent to which a cancer disease has developed by growing and spreading throughout an organism.
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen
alternative label: tumor summary staging

cancer summary staging code
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: information content entity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is specified output of
    some values from: cancer summary staging
editor preferred term: cancer summary staging code
example of usage: The cancer summary staging code that is the outcome of the cancer summary staging performed on patient John Doe's clinical picture.
definition: An information content entity that is the specified output of cancer summary staging.
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen
alternative label: tumor summary staging code

social identity information content entity
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
definition: An information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about some person and whether that person identifies as some particular aspect of social identity—such as a gender, an ethnicity, a race, or a sexual orientation—where the sense of identifying may correspond to either (i) an aspect of one’s cognitive representation of oneself, (ii) how one prefers to be regarded by others within some social context, or (iii) how one chooses to present oneself to others within some social context.
definition editor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: Amanda Hicks
contributor: Mathias Brochhausen
contributor: Matthew Diller
contributor: Sarah Bost
contributor: William R. Hogan
comment: We include (i)-(iii) to acknowledge that there are different senses of "identify" that are relevant here, and that we may not always be sure which sense the person concretizing the social identity information content entity intended. While (i) concerns how one thinks of oneself, (ii) and (iii) are more focused on one's interactions with others. Importantly, some choose not to share with others how they identify in the sense of (i). For example, one can consider oneself to be some certain gender without either wanting others to know or choosing to present oneself in a corresponding way. We distinguish (ii) and (iii) because one can prefer to be regarded some certain way without attempting to present oneself in any corresponding way.

ethnic identity information content entity
type: Class
subclass of: social identity information content entity
definition: A social identity information content entity that is about whether some person identifies as some ethnicity.
definition editor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: Amanda Hicks
contributor: Mathias Brochhausen
contributor: Matthew Diller
contributor: Sarah Bost
contributor: William R. Hogan
comment: Ethnicity is separate from but related to racial identity. It refers more to identifying with a particular culture than with individuals similar in physical appearance. It includes things like Hispanic ethnicity (which spans many nations) and national cultural identities like Irish and ethnic groups within nations such as Catalan and Armenian.

obsolete OMB ethnic identity information content entity
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
definition: An ethnic identity information content entity that uses OMB terminology for ethnicity or terminology that is strictly mapped onto the OMB ethnicity terms.
definition editor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: Amanda Hicks
contributor: Mathias Brochhausen
contributor: Matthew Diller
contributor: Sarah Bost
contributor: William R. Hogan
comment: OMB dichotomizes ethnicity into Hispanic or Latino and Not Hispanic or Latino, and ignores all other forms of ethnicity.
deprecated: true

obsolete OMB Hispanic or Latino identity information content entity
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
definition: An OMB ethnic identity information content entity that is about some person's identifying as Hispanic or Latino, which are intended to mean being of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin, regardless of race.
definition editor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: Amanda Hicks
contributor: Mathias Brochhausen
contributor: Matthew Diller
contributor: Sarah Bost
contributor: William R. Hogan
comment: It comprehends people of Portuguese culture or origin in Brazil.
deprecated: true

obsolete OMB not Hispanic or Latino identity information content entity
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
definition: An OMB ethnic identity information content entity that is about some person's identifying as neither Hispanic nor Latino, which are intended to mean being of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin, regardless of race.
definition editor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: Amanda Hicks
contributor: Mathias Brochhausen
contributor: Matthew Diller
contributor: Sarah Bost
contributor: William R. Hogan
deprecated: true

gender identity information content entity
type: Class
subclass of: social identity information content entity
definition: A social identity information content entity that is about whether some person identifies as some gender.
definition editor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: Amanda Hicks
contributor: Mathias Brochhausen
contributor: Matthew Diller
contributor: Sarah Bost
contributor: William R. Hogan

female gender identity information content entity
type: Class
subclass of: gender identity information content entity
definition: A gender identity information content entity that is about some person's identifying as female in gender.
definition editor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: Amanda Hicks
contributor: Mathias Brochhausen
contributor: Matthew Diller
contributor: Sarah Bost
contributor: William R. Hogan

male gender identity information content entity
type: Class
subclass of: gender identity information content entity
definition: A gender identity information content entity that is about some person's identifying as male in gender.
definition editor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: Amanda Hicks
contributor: Mathias Brochhausen
contributor: Matthew Diller
contributor: Sarah Bost
contributor: William R. Hogan

non-binary identity information content entity
type: Class
subclass of: gender identity information content entity
definition: A gender identity information content entity that is about some person's identifying as non-binary in gender.
definition editor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: Amanda Hicks
contributor: Mathias Brochhausen
contributor: Matthew Diller
contributor: Sarah Bost
contributor: William R. Hogan

racial identity information content entity
type: Class
subclass of: social identity information content entity
definition: A social identity information content entity that is about whether some person identifies as some race.
definition editor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: Amanda Hicks
contributor: Mathias Brochhausen
contributor: Matthew Diller
contributor: Sarah Bost
contributor: William R. Hogan

obsolete OMB racial identity information content entity
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
definition: A racial identity information content entity that uses OMB terminology and definitions for race or terminology that is strictly mapped onto the OMB race terms.
definition editor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: Amanda Hicks
contributor: Mathias Brochhausen
contributor: Matthew Diller
contributor: Sarah Bost
contributor: William R. Hogan
deprecated: true

obsolete OMB American Indian or Alaska Native identity information content entity
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
definition: An OMB racial identity information content entity that is about some person's identifying as American Indian or Alaska Native, which is intended to mean having origins in any of the original peoples of North and South America (including Central America), and maintains tribal affiliation or community attachment.
definition editor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: Amanda Hicks
contributor: Mathias Brochhausen
contributor: Matthew Diller
contributor: Sarah Bost
contributor: William R. Hogan
comment: This definition corresponds to that used by OMB. It is worth noting that the OMB definition from which this one is derived is problematic, in that it implies that one's race cannot be Native American or Alaskan Native unless one maintains tribal affiliations or community attachment.
deprecated: true

obsolete OMB Asian identity information content entity
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
definition: An OMB racial identity information content entity that is about some person's identifying as Asian, which is intended to mean having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, or the Indian subcontinent.
definition editor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: Amanda Hicks
contributor: Mathias Brochhausen
contributor: Matthew Diller
contributor: Sarah Bost
contributor: William R. Hogan
deprecated: true

obsolete OMB black or African American identity information content entity
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
definition: An OMB racial identity information content entity that is about some person's identifying as black or African American which is intended to mean having origins in any of the black racial groups of Africa.
definition editor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: Amanda Hicks
contributor: Mathias Brochhausen
contributor: Matthew Diller
contributor: Sarah Bost
contributor: William R. Hogan
deprecated: true

obsolete OMB Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander identity information content entity
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
definition: An OMB racial identity information content entity that is about some person's identifying as Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, which is intended to mean having origins in any of the original peoples of Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, or other Pacific Islands.
definition editor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: Amanda Hicks
contributor: Mathias Brochhausen
contributor: Matthew Diller
contributor: Sarah Bost
contributor: William R. Hogan
deprecated: true

obsolete OMB white identity information content entity
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
definition: An OMB racial identity information content entity that is about some person's identifying as white which is intended to mean having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa.
definition editor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: Amanda Hicks
contributor: Mathias Brochhausen
contributor: Matthew Diller
contributor: Sarah Bost
contributor: William R. Hogan
deprecated: true

sexual orientation identity information content entity
type: Class
subclass of: social identity information content entity
definition: A social identity information content entity that is about whether some person identifies as having some sexual orientation.
contributor: Amanda Hicks
contributor: Mathias Brochhausen
contributor: Matthew Diller
contributor: Sarah Bost
contributor: William R. Hogan

residence ZIP code information content entity
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
definition: An information content entity that is about some geographical region, in which a postal delivery route denoted by a particular ZIP code is realized, and that is the specified output of a disclosure of residence.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
contributor: Hansi Zhang
contributor: Mathias Brochhausen
contributor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: Sarah Bost
contributor: William R. Hogan

debt obligation
type: Class
subclass of: directive information entity
editor preferred term: debt obligation
example of usage: Three Arrows Capital declared bankruptcy on July 1, 2022 after defaulting on a $665 million debt obligation owed to Voyager Digital.
definition: A directive information entity that prescribes that something will be transferred from some human or organization that is the bearer of a duty holder role to another human or organization that is the bearer of a claimant role.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
contributor: William R. Hogan

disclosure of residence
type: Class
subclass of: social act
definition: A social act that creates an information content entity that is about some geographical region in which a human being dwells.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
contributor: Hansi Zhang
contributor: Mathias Brochhausen
contributor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: Sarah Bost
contributor: William R. Hogan

electronic health record data set
type: Class
subclass of: data set
definition: A data set whose members are obtained from one or more electronic health records.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
alternative label: EHR data set
contributor: Alan Ruttenberg
contributor: Mathias Brocchausen
contributor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: Sarah Bost
contributor: William R. Hogan

health care claim data set
type: Class
subclass of: data set
definition: A data set whose members are the specified output of some process of adjudicating health care insurance claims (and whose inputs are at least partly some members of a health care billing data set).
definition editor: William R. Hogan
contributor: Alan Ruttenberg
contributor: Mathias Brocchausen
contributor: Matthew Diller
contributor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: Sarah Bost
has_exact_synonym: healthcare claim data set
comment: It covers prescription claims because pharmacies bill insurance companies for patients’ prescriptions via submitting insurance claims.
comment: The insurance claim is submitted to the insurance company by either the patient or the provider. It is not necessarily always the provider, although in the United States, it typically is.
comment: The outcome of the adjudication of a claim in the claims dataset could be favorable or unfavorable for the healthcare provider, the patient, or both. The idea is just that they’ve been adjudicated, one way or the other (or anything in between if that’s a possibility).
comment: The reason we say billing data are only part of the input is because we are not conflating the insurance claim with the bill. It is our understanding that the provider’s bill of services is either part of the claim or “attached” to it in some manner, but doesn’t constitute the entire claim itself.
comment: The sources of these data are held by insurers or other health plan providers.

health care billing data set
type: Class
subclass of: data set
definition: A data set whose members are obtained from billing-related data sources that (i) are generated by a health care organization as a result of internal administrative processes, and (ii) are about services rendered or materials used during some health care encounter.
definition editor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: Alan Ruttenberg
contributor: Mathias Brochhausen
contributor: Matthew Diller
contributor: Sarah Bost
contributor: William R. Hogan
has_exact_synonym: healthcare billing data set

health care administrative process
type: Class
subclass of: obsolete planned process
example of usage: Recording data in an EHR. Financial tasks for a healthcare organization. Scheduling shifts for health care workers.
definition: A planned process (i) that is neither a health care process nor an ancillary health care process, and (ii) in which some employee of a health care organization manages, or helps to manage, the performance of tasks that realize the functions of that organization.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
contributor: S. Clint Dowland
has_exact_synonym: healthcare administrative process

principal diagnosis-assignment process
type: Class
subclass of: health care administrative process
definition: A health care administrative process that has as input a diagnosis, and has as output a value indicating that diagnosis is about the condition that prompts the admission process that starts the encounter during which the diagnostic process that outputs that diagnosis begins.
definition editor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: Matthew Diller

secondary diagnosis-assignment process
type: Class
subclass of: health care administrative process
definition: A health care administrative process that has as input a diagnosis, and has as output a value indicating that diagnosis is about an underlying condition that is distinct from the condition that prompts the admission process that starts the encounter during which the diagnostic process that outputs that diagnosis begins.
definition editor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: Matthew Diller

county smoking survey plan specification
type: Class
subclass of: survey plan specification
example of usage: The Alachua county smoking survey plan specification.
definition: A survey plan specification that aims to collect information about the smoking behavior or lack thereof of a population on a county level. Concretization of a smoking survey plan that is stratified by county.
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen
contributor: Hansi Zhang
contributor: Jiang Bian
contributor: Matthew Diller
contributor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: Sarah Bost
contributor: William R. Hogan

county smoking survey execution
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: realizes
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: concretizes
    some values from: county smoking survey plan specification
subclass of: survey execution
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: realizes
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: concretizes
    some values from: county smoking survey plan specification
example of usage: The Alachua county smoking survey execution.
definition: A survey execution that realizes the concretization of a smoking survey plan specification that is stratified by county.
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen
contributor: Hansi Zhang
contributor: Jiang Bian
contributor: Matthew Diller
contributor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: Sarah Bost
contributor: William R. Hogan

county smoking survey data
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: is specified output of
  some values from: county smoking survey execution
subclass of: survey data
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is specified output of
  some values from: county smoking survey execution
example of usage: The Alachua county smoking survey data.
definition: Survey data that is the specified output of a county smoking survey execution.
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen
contributor: Hansi Zhang
contributor: Jiang Bian
contributor: Matthew Diller
contributor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: Sarah Bost
contributor: William R. Hogan

smoking rate calculation
type: Class
subclass of: data transformation
example of usage: Calculating the Alachua County smoking rate from Alachua County smoking data.
definition: A data transformation that has data about the smoking status of a population as its specified input and a percentage or ratio of smokers in that population as a specified output.
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen

county smoking rate data
type: Class
subclass of: data item
example of usage: The Alachua County smoking rate.
definition: A data item that is the specified output of a smoking rate calculation that has data about smoking behavior or lack there of on a county level.
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen

money
type: Class
subclass of: debt obligation
editor preferred term: money
example of usage: Todd does not have enough money to buy more plants at the horticultural club's poinsettia sale.
definition: A debt obligation between two parties that has part a scalar value specification and whose concretizations indicate that their bearers can be used in a financial transaction or payment of debt, or as a measure of the value of some entity in a financial valuation process or prospective financial valuation process.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
contributor: William R. Hogan

currency
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
editor preferred term: currency
example of usage: US currency is an accepted form of legal tender, not just in the United States, but in many countries around the world, such as El Salvador.
definition: A material entity that is the bearer of a concretization of money and is created by some governmental organization or on behalf of some governmental organization that has authorized its creation.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
contributor: William R. Hogan

exchange of ownership
type: Class
subclass of: obsolete planned process
editor preferred term: exchange of ownership
example of usage: Tom exchanged ownership of his computer for Tina's scooter.
definition: A planned process whereby one agent (or active participant) or a group of agents transfer ownership of some property to another agent (or active participant) or group of agents in the process, who in return transfer ownership of some their property to the first agent (or active participant).
definition editor: Matthew Diller
alternative label: barter
contributor: William R. Hogan

financial transaction
type: Class
subclass of: obsolete planned process
editor preferred term: financial transaction
example of usage: Apple acquired semiconductors from Samsung in a financial transaction yesterday.
definition: A planned process whereby one participant partly or completely fulfills an obligation to another participant by transferring ownership of some other debt obligation, which is typically money.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
alternative label: monetary transaction
contributor: William R. Hogan

payment of debt
type: Class
subclass of: obsolete planned process
editor preferred term: payment of debt
example of usage: I made a debt payment with my credit card company yesterday and no longer owe them money.
definition: A planned process whereby ownership of some entity of value is transferred by one participant to another to fulfill some obligation, on their behalf, after some service is performed or the ownership of some entity is exchanged.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
contributor: William R. Hogan

financial valuation process
type: Class
subclass of: obsolete planned process
editor preferred term: financial valuation process
example of usage: The financial valuation of Ravi's car today determined that the car is worth $2000.
definition: A planned process that has as specified output some scalar measurement datum that is about an entity—such as a material good or a service—and is measured in terms of the quantity of some other material entity.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
contributor: William R. Hogan

prospective financial valuation process
type: Class
subclass of: obsolete planned process
editor preferred term: prospective financial valuation process
example of usage: The prospective valuation of my company's stock indicates strong optimism for our financial growth over the next few years.
definition: A planned process that has as specified output some predicted value that is about an entity—such as a material good or a service—and is measured in terms of the quantity of some material entity at some point in the future.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
contributor: William R. Hogan

intimate partnership
type: Class
subclass of: relational quality
definition: Relational quality inhering in persons by virtue of being each other’s spouse, boyfriend/girlfriend, dating partner, or ongoing sexual partner.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
contributor: S. Clint Dowland

abusive behavior
type: Class
subclass of: behavior
definition: Behavior that is cruel, violent, demeaning, or invasive.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
contributor: S. Clint Dowland

psychologically abusive behavior
type: Class
subclass of: abusive behavior
definition: Abusive behavior in which the aggressor does or attempts to do the following: mentally or emotionally harm or exert control over another.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
contributor: S. Clint Dowland

physically abusive behavior
type: Class
subclass of: abusive behavior
definition: Abusive behavior in which the aggressor does or attempts to do the following: harm, restrain, or coerce another through physical force.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
contributor: S. Clint Dowland

sexually abusive behavior
type: Class
subclass of: abusive behavior
definition: Abusive behavior in which the aggressor does or attempts to do the following: force or coerce another to participate in a sexual act to which the latter has not freely given consent.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
contributor: S. Clint Dowland

birth attendant role
type: Class
subclass of: institutional health care provider role
definition: A health care provider role that is realized in maintaining the health of a human being during their pregnancy and both them and the neonate during labor, delivery, and postpartum.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
alternative label: skilled birth attendant role
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6595-0902

linguistic competence information content entity
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is about
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: has characteristic
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: linguistic competence
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has member
        some values from: language
definition: An information content entity that conveys that a particular person has a linguistic competence for a particular language
definition editor: Matthew Diller
contributor: Barry Smith
contributor: Jobst Landgrebe
contributor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: William R. Hogan

primary language information content entity
type: Class
subclass of: linguistic competence information content entity
definition: A linguistic competence information content entity that conveys the language is the one for which the person has their most proficient linguistic competence.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
contributor: Barry Smith
contributor: Jobst Landgrebe
contributor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: William R. Hogan

language-at-home information content entity
type: Class
subclass of: linguistic competence information content entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is about
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: linguistic competence
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: realized in
      some values from: Restriction
        on property: occurs in
        some values from: Restriction
definition: A linguistic competence information content entity that conveys the person uses the language at home.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
contributor: Barry Smith
contributor: Jobst Landgrebe
contributor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: William R. Hogan

religious gathering
type: Class
subclass of: social act
definition: A social act or aggregate of social acts that include some worship, prayer, or proselytizing.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
contributor: William R. Hogan

hospital bed capacity data item
type: Class
subclass of: count
definition: A count of the number of patients that some hospital facility has the capacity for.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
contributor: William R. Hogan

proportion of population in an elementary occupation
type: Class
subclass of: data item
definition: A data item that is the output of some data transformation that takes as input the number of individuals in a population who are occupation holders and has as output the proportion of those individuals who are classified by the European Skills, Competences, Qualifications and Occupations as door-to-door sales worker, news or street vendors; building cleaning workers; pressers, textile, garment, or related materials; septic tank servicers or sewer pipe cleaners; farmworkers or laborers, crop, nursery, or greenhouse; farmworkers, farm, ranch, or aquacultural animal; agricultural workers, all other; landscaping or groundskeeping workers; grounds maintenance workers, all other; forest or conservation workers; logging workers, all other; fishing or hunting workers; helpers--extraction workers; extraction workers, all other; helpers, construction trades; rail-track laying or maintenance equipment operators; construction laborers; helpers--production workers; production workers, all other; laborers or material movers; refuse or recyclable material collectors; couriers or messengers; material moving workers, all other; aircraft cargo handling supervisors; first-line supervisors of helpers, laborer, or material mover, hand; first-line supervisors of transportation worker, all other; tank car, truck, or ship loaders; cooks, fast food; cooks, short order; food preparation workers; dining room or cafeteria attendants or bartender helpers; dishwashers; food preparation or serving related workers, all other; personal care or service workers, all other; baggage porters or bellhops; maintenance or repair workers, general; installation, maintenance, or repair workers, all other; meter readers, utilities; coin, vending, or amusement machine servicers or repairers; motion picture projectionists; ushers, lobby attendants, or ticket takers; amusement or recreation attendants; locker room, coatroom, or dressing room attendants; and parking attendants.
editor note: Currently, the Occupation Ontology (OccO ) only represents occupations as they are defined by O*NET. We define this class extentionally according to the O*NET-defined occupations that map to occupations in ESCO that are classified as elementary occupations.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
contributor: William R. Hogan

Medicaid policy holder role
type: Class
subclass of: policy holder role
definition: A policy holder role that inheres in a person who participates in the creation of an insurance policy with a US state Medicaid agency.
contributor: Matthew Diller
contributor: William R. Hogan

insurance company
type: Class
subclass of: insurance organization
definition: An insurance organization that is privately owned and that participates in the creation of insurance policies in return for some money from the policy holder.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
contributor: William R. Hogan

private insurance policy holder role
type: Class
subclass of: policy holder role
definition: A policy holder role that inheres in a person who participates in the creation of an insurance policy with an insurance company.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
contributor: William R. Hogan

US state Medicaid agency
type: Class
subclass of: governmental organization
definition: A government organization that administers a given US state's Medicaid program by participating in the creation of insurance policies with eligible people and by participating in some payment of debt for a specified aggregate of health care encounters, specified processes (e.g, treatments, diagnostic tests) that are part of those encounters, and material entities used or prescribed during the encounters (e.g., medicine, prosthetics, glasses).
definition editor: Matthew Diller
contributor: William R. Hogan

highest level of education is below high school completion or equivalent data item
type: Class
subclass of: highest level of education data item
definition: A highest level of education data item that represents the fact that an individual in the United States is has not achieved a level of education that is equivalent to or higher than a complete high school education.
definition editor: William R. Hogan
source: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1909-9269

categorization scheme
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
definition: An information content entity that characterizes some aggregate of entities as partitioned into distinct subgroups, thereby demarcating them as categories.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
contributor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: William R. Hogan

social categorization scheme
type: Class
subclass of: categorization scheme
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: demarcates
  all values from: collection of humans
definition: A categorization scheme that divides humans into groups considered by themselves or others as distinct on the basis of assumed common characteristics.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
contributor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: William R. Hogan

highest level of education is some college data item
type: Class
subclass of: highest level of education data item
definition: A highest level of education data item that represents the fact that the highest level of education achieved by an individual in the United States is completion of some undergraduate coursework, but without attaining an undergraduate degree.
definition editor: William R. Hogan
source: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1909-9269

social category
type: Class
subclass of: collection of humans
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: demarcated by
  some values from: social categorization scheme
definition: A collection of humans demarcated by some social categorization scheme.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
contributor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: William R. Hogan

racial categorization scheme
type: Class
subclass of: social categorization scheme
definition: A social categorization scheme based on characteristics assumed to be biologically hereditary and to result in part from common locality of ancestors.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
contributor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: William R. Hogan

racial category
type: Class
subclass of: social category
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: demarcated by
  some values from: racial categorization scheme
definition: A social category demarcated by some racial categorization scheme.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
alternative label: racial group
contributor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: William R. Hogan

ethnic categorization scheme
type: Class
subclass of: social categorization scheme
definition: A social categorization scheme based on characteristics that are primarily cultural—such as ancestry, history, national or tribal background, cultural attachments or traditions, past linguistic heritage, religious affiliations, caste, or claimed kinship.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
contributor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: William R. Hogan

ethnic category
type: Class
subclass of: social category
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: demarcated by
  some values from: ethnic categorization scheme
definition: A social category demarcated by some ethnic categorization scheme.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
alternative label: ethnic group
contributor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: William R. Hogan

personal data disclosure
type: Class
subclass of: communication
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: concretization-utilization process
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has participant
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: specifically dependent continuant
        intersection of: Restriction
definition: Communication in which a person reports some data items about either that person or another person.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
contributor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: William R. Hogan

subjective representation
type: Class
subclass of: cognitive representation
definition: A cognitive representation in which the representation’s bearer is represented as being its bearer.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
contributor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: William R. Hogan

social identity
type: Class
subclass of: subjective representation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: concretizes
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: generically dependent continuant
    intersection of: Class
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: is about
        some values from: Homo sapiens
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: is about
        some values from: social category
definition: A subjective representation of its bearer as being a member of some social category.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
contributor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: William R. Hogan

racial identity
type: Class
subclass of: social identity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: concretizes
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: generically dependent continuant
    intersection of: Class
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: is about
        some values from: Homo sapiens
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: is about
        some values from: racial category
definition: A social identity for which the category is a racial category.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
contributor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: William R. Hogan

highest level of education is some but not all high school data item
type: Class
subclass of: highest level of education data item
definition: A highest level of education data item that represents the fact that the highest level of education achieved by an individual in the United States is completion of some high school coursework, but without attaining a diploma or equivalent.
definition editor: William R. Hogan
source: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1909-9269

ethnic identity
type: Class
subclass of: social identity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: concretizes
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: generically dependent continuant
    intersection of: Class
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: is about
        some values from: Homo sapiens
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: is about
        some values from: ethnic category
definition: A social identity for which the category is an ethnic category.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
contributor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: William R. Hogan

behavioral identity
type: Class
subclass of: social identity
definition: A social identity for which the category is also a behaviorally distinct group defined by its members degree of participation in some type of behavior.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
contributor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: William R. Hogan

highest level of education is completion of high school or equivalent data item
type: Class
subclass of: highest level of education data item
definition: A highest level of education data item that represents the fact that the highest level of education achieved by an individual in the United States is completion of high school or equivalent.
definition editor: William R. Hogan
source: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1909-9269

occupation disposition
type: Class
subclass of: disposition
definition: A disposition that, if realized, is realized when the bearer intends to, and does, exercise abilities and skills in pursuit of obtaining or maintaining an job role.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
contributor: Damion Dooley
contributor: Jie Zheng
contributor: John Beverley
contributor: John W. Judkins
contributor: Sam Smith
contributor: William D. Duncan
contributor: William R. Hogan
contributor: Yongqun He

occupation activity
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: A process in which an occupation holder participates that realizes either an occupation disposition or job role.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
alternative label: occupation process
contributor: Damion Dooley
contributor: Eric Merrell
contributor: Jie Zheng
contributor: John Beverley
contributor: John W. Judkins
contributor: Sam Smith
contributor: William D. Duncan
contributor: William R. Hogan
contributor: Yongqun He

U.S. veteran role
type: Class
subclass of: human role within an organization
definition: A human role within an organization that inheres in a person who has served in a branch of the U.S. military, is not currently serving in the U.S. military, and the person's service ended in accordance to conditions defined by the U.S. government.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
definition source: 38 U.S.C. §101(2), as well as “Determining Veteran Status” by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization (OSDBU): https://www.va.gov/OSDBU/docs/Determining-Veteran-Status.pdf.
contributor: Mathias Brochhausen
contributor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: William D. Duncan
contributor: William R. Hogan

public housing function
type: Class
subclass of: residence function
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: residence function
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: characteristic of
    some values from: housing unit
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: realized in
    all values from: Restriction
      on property: realizes
      some values from: public housing eligibility role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: characteristic of
  some values from: housing unit
definition: A residence function that is realized only in processes in which eligible and approved residents participate, and that is a characteristic of a housing unit that is owned by a government and intended for use by seniors, people with disabilities, or those with low incomes.
definition editor: William R. Hogan
source: S. Clint Dowland

public housing eligibility role
type: Class
subclass of: role in human social processes
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: role in human social processes
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: characteristic of
    some values from: Homo sapiens
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: realized in
    all values from: Restriction
      on property: realizes
      some values from: public housing function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: characteristic of
  some values from: Homo sapiens
definition: A role that inheres in a person who qualifies for public housing according to the criteria set forth by the relevant governmental entity and that is realized in processes that both have the person as a participant and realize the public housing function of some housing unit.
definition editor: William R. Hogan
source: S. Clint Dowland

human traveler role
type: Class
subclass of: role in human social processes
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: realized in
  some values from: human travel
definition: A role that if realized, is realized by the bearer participating in human travel.
definition editor: William R. Hogan
alternative label: human traveller role
contributor: Matt Diller
comment: See discussion at: https://github.com/mcwdsi/OMRSE/issues/191

gender categorization scheme
type: Class
subclass of: social categorization scheme
definition: A social categorization scheme based on the social identities assumed to be coincident of certain biological traits linked to reproduction and/or reproductive behavior.
definition editor: ORCID: 0000-0002-5039-2052
contributor: S. Clint Dowland

gender category
type: Class
subclass of: social category
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: demarcated by
  some values from: gender categorization scheme
definition: A social category demarcated by some gender categorization scheme.
definition editor: ORCID: 0000-0002-5039-2052
alternative label: gender group
contributor: S. Clint Dowland

social category data item
type: Class
subclass of: data item
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is about
  some values from: Homo sapiens
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is about
  some values from: social category
definition: A data item according to which a given person is a member of a given social category.
definition editor: ORCID: 0000-0002-5039-2052
contributor: S. Clint Dowland

ethnic category data item
type: Class
subclass of: social category data item
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is about
  some values from: ethnic category
definition: A social category data item for which the social category is an ethnic category.
definition editor: ORCID: 0000-0002-5039-2052
contributor: S. Clint Dowland

gender category data item
type: Class
subclass of: social category data item
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is about
  some values from: gender category
definition: A social category data item for which the social category is a gender category.
definition editor: ORCID: 0000-0002-5039-2052
contributor: S. Clint Dowland

racial category data item
type: Class
subclass of: social category data item
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is about
  some values from: racial category
definition: A social category data item for which the social category is a racial category.
definition editor: ORCID: 0000-0002-5039-2052
contributor: S. Clint Dowland

gender identity
type: Class
subclass of: social identity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: concretizes
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: generically dependent continuant
    intersection of: Class
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: is about
        some values from: Homo sapiens
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: is about
        some values from: gender category
definition: A social identity for which the category is a gender category.
definition editor: ORCID: 0000-0002-5039-2052
contributor: S. Clint Dowland

nationality categorization scheme
type: Class
subclass of: social categorization scheme
definition: A social categorization scheme based on the social identities assumed as a result of a person's citizenship of a country.
definition editor: ORCID: 0000-0002-5039-2052
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5039-2052
comment: A person may be a citizen of multiple countries at once, and a person's citizenship may change over time.

nationality category data item
type: Class
subclass of: social category data item
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is about
  some values from: nationality category
definition: A social category data item for which the social category is a nationality category.
definition editor: ORCID: 0000-0002-5039-2052
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5039-2052

nationality category
type: Class
subclass of: social category
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: demarcated by
  some values from: nationality categorization scheme
definition: A social category demarcated by some nationality categorization scheme.
definition editor: ORCID: 0000-0002-5039-2052
alternative label: nationality group
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5039-2052

institutional health care provider role
type: Class
subclass of: human role within an organization
definition: A human role within an organization that itself bears a healthcare provider organization role.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
alternative label: human role within a health care organization
alternative label: human role within a healthcare organization
contributor: Colbie Reed
contributor: William R. Hogan
has_exact_synonym: institutional healthcare provider role

skilled nursing role
type: Class
subclass of: health care provider organization role
definition: A healthcare provider organization role that is realized by employing licensed nurses to deliver health care and assist with activities of daily living to patients in a skilled nursing facility.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
contributor: William R. Hogan

skilled nursing organization
type: Class
subclass of: organization
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has role
  some values from: skilled nursing role
definition: An organization that is the bearer of a skilled nursing role.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
contributor: William R. Hogan

number of hours per day of employment data item
type: Class
subclass of: time measurement datum
definition: A time measurement data item that is measured in hours and is about the sum of the duration(s) of process(es) that realize a bearer's job role in a day.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
contributor: William R. Hogan

marital status
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
definition: An information content entity that is about whether someone is party to a marriage contract.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
contributor: William R. Hogan

married
type: Class
subclass of: marital status
definition: A marital status that is about a person who is party to a marriage contract.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
contributor: William R. Hogan

job role data item
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: data item
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is about
    some values from: Class
      union of: job role
      union of: Class
        intersection of: process
        intersection of: Restriction
subclass of: data item
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is about
  some values from: Class
    union of: job role
    union of: Class
      intersection of: process
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: realizes
        some values from: job role
example of usage: Can be about any aspect of employment, such as salary, work location, or employer.
definition: A data item that is about a person's job role and/or its realization.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
alternative label: employment data item
contributor: Chris Stoeckert
contributor: S. Clint. Dowland
contributor: William R. Hogan

income data item
type: Class
subclass of: socio-economic data item

government assistance health care plan data item
type: Class
subclass of: socio-economic data item
has_exact_synonym: government assistance healthcare plan data item

health care plan data item
type: Class
subclass of: socio-economic data item
has_exact_synonym: healthcare plan data item

government assistance income data item
type: Class
subclass of: socio-economic data item

WIC data item
type: Class
subclass of: socio-economic data item

socio-economic data item
type: Class
subclass of: data item

obsolete Afar
type: Class
subclass of: ObsoleteClass
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
editor preferred term: non-binary gender identity datum
definition: A gender identity datum resulting from a gender identification process in which ‘non binary’ is selected based on the participant's subjective sense of gender.
definition editor: Paul Fabry
definition editor: William Hogan
alternative label: Afaraf @aa
alternative label: Qafar af @aa
alternative label: Qafaraf @aa
alternative label: ’Afar Af @aa
term replaced by: Afar
term replaced by: non-binary gender identity information content entity
ISO 639-1 code: aa
ISO 639-2/B code: aar
ISO 639-2/T code: aar
comment: Alternatively: A gender identity datum stating that a person's subjective sense of gender is non-binary.) Examples of usage: ‘Non-binary’, ‘Trigender’, ‘Agender’, ‘Genderfluid’, ‘2’ (intended to refer to a non-binary gender role)
label: obsolete non-binary gender identity datum
deprecated: true

education process
type: Class
subclass of: obsolete planned process
editor preferred term: educating
definition: A planned process with an active participant who acquires mental representations of information content entities (ICEs), which had no previous mental representation in the cognitive system, and through repeated use or application of these ICEs either (1) becomes the bearer of a new instance of some type of capability, and the participant was not previously the bearer of that instance of that type of capability, (2) "improves" an existing capability as demonstrated through realization(s) of that capability, and/or (3) loses a capability whose realization is considered negative.
definition editor: William R. Hogan
alternative label: learning process
elucidation: An act of acquiring new information and repeatedly applying that information to develop a new skill, improve an existing skill, and/or losing a skill at doing something "bad".
comment: An interesting question is whether there must be another participant who is the "educator". Some might object that many people are "self taught". A real case of being self taught is the first person who learned to play a stringed instrument, or to spin a ball on the tip of a finger. There was no previous information about that type of skill. The ICEs acquired are via one's sensory systems (vision, proprioception, auditory, etc.). On the other hand, in the case of those who are self-taught by reading books or watching videos, or acquiring some other form of ICEs concretized outside their brain, one argument might be that the author of those ICEs somehow "plays a role" in the education, although they cannot participate in the education process itself (If I read Aristotle, and through repeated application of the information I acquire through doing so, develop the ability to write better ontology definitions, surely Aristotle did not actively participate in my particular education process, although he did influence it in a very real way).
comment: The loss of a "bad" capability is something like losing a bad golf swing and replacing it with a good one. Also a capability to disrupt the classroom might be something an educating process diminishes possibly to the point of "removal" in a student. This addition to the definition notwithstanding, we do not intend to incorporate the receipt of punishment into the definition of educating.

educational objective
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: objective specification
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is about
    some values from: Restriction
      on property: realized in
      some values from: education process
subclass of: objective specification
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is about
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: realized in
    some values from: education process
editor preferred term: educational objective specification
definition: An objective specification that describes the type of capability or capabilities to be imparted or improved by its realization, which is an educating (education process).
definition editor: William R. Hogan
elucidation: An objective specification that describes the new knowledge & skill(s) to be obtained via an education process.

educational program
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: plan specification
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: educational objective
subclass of: plan specification
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: educational objective
editor preferred term: educational plan specification
definition: A plan specification with an educational objective specification as part.
definition editor: William R. Hogan
elucidation: A plan specification with one or more educational objectives.
comment: Very broad. Covers everything from grade school to high school to college to graduate education, a MOOC, an individual course, a tutorial at a conference, a continuing education course or program, an informed consent video, etc, etc.

completing a program of education
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: education process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: realizes
    some values from: Restriction
      on property: concretizes
      some values from: educational program
subclass of: education process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: realizes
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: concretizes
    some values from: educational program
editor preferred term: completing a program of education
definition: An educating that realizes a concretization of some program of education.
definition editor: William R. Hogan
comment: Note that parent class 'educating' and referenced class 'program of education' are defined elsewhere in this education module of OMRSE.
comment: This class refers extremely broadly to the successful realization of any program of education: a single course, first grade, MD, PhD, high school, the ninth grade, getting a black belt in karate, getting a master mechanic certification, a bachelor's degree, a masters degree, a graduate certificate, early childhood education program, and even getting a certificate at the end of some week-long workshop, summer camp, a certifcate from a cooking class, an actuarial certification.

early childhood education plan specification
type: Class
subclass of: educational program
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: educational program
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is concretized as
    some values from: Restriction
      on property: realized in
      all values from: Class
        intersection of: education process
        intersection of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is concretized as
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: realized in
    all values from: Class
      intersection of: education process
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: part of
        some values from: Class
editor preferred term: early childhood education program
definition: An educational program whose intended active participant, when a concretization of it is realized, is a human child of age birth to 8 years or a human fetus prior to birth.
definition editor: William R. Hogan
alternative label: pre-K education program
alternative label: prekindergarten education program
alternative label: preschool education program
definition source: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/69729/a91213.pdf

primary education program
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: educational program
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: Restriction
      on property: has part
      some values from: Class
        complement of: primary education objective
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: primary education objective
subclass of: educational program
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: primary education objective
editor preferred term: primary education plan specification
definition: An education plan specification with one or more primary education objective specifications as parts, and these are the only objective specifications it has as parts.
definition editor: William R. Hogan
alternative label: elementary education
comment: In the united states, also called "elementary education"
comment: It can still have action specifications as parts, and possibly other ICEs as parts. That's why we cannot say it has only primary education objectives as parts, and we have to introduce the double negative in the class axiom.
comment: Primary education provides learning and educational activities typically designed to provide students with fundamental skills in reading, writing and mathematics (i.e. literacy and numeracy), and to establish a sound foundation for learning and solid understanding of core areas of knowledge and personal development, preparing for lower secondary education. It aims at learning at a basic level of complexity with little if any specialisation.

primary education objective
type: Class
subclass of: educational objective
editor preferred term: primary education objective specification
definition: An education objective specification that has a concretization that, when realized, results in the active participant's acquisition and development of fundamental skills in reading, writing and mathematics (i.e. literacy and numeracy).
definition editor: William R. Hogan
definition source: http://uis.unesco.org/en/glossary-term/primary-education-isced-1
comment: By the end of primary education, the student has established a sound foundation for learning and solid understanding of core areas of knowledge and personal development, preparing for lower secondary education. It aims at learning at a basic level of complexity with little if any specialisation.

lower secondary education objective
type: Class
subclass of: educational objective
editor preferred term: lower secondary education objective specification
definition: An education objective specification that has a concretization that, when realized, confers to the active participant skills and knowledge in subject areas more specialized than basic reading, writing, and mathematics, with the overall goal of laying the foundation for lifelong learning and human development on which education systems may systematically expand further educational opportunities.
definition editor: William R. Hogan
definition source: http://uis.unesco.org/en/glossary-term/lower-secondary-education-isced-2
comment: Examples of specific subjects could--but are not necessarily required to--include biology, history, science, literature, music, art. Programs at this level are usually organized around a more subject-oriented curriculum, introducing theoretical concepts across a broad range of subjects.
comment: Programmes at ISCED level 2, or ‘lower secondary’ education, are typically designed to build upon the fundamental teaching and learning processes which begin at ISCED level 1. Usually, the educational aim is to lay the foundation for lifelong learning and human development on which education systems may systematically expand further educational opportunities. Programmes at this level are usually organized around a more subject-oriented curriculum, introducing theoretical concepts across a broad range of subjects.

awarding an academic degree
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: deontic document act
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has specified output
    some values from: academic degree
subclass of: deontic document act
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: academic degree
editor preferred term: awarding of an academic degree
definition: A deontic document act that has as specified output an academic degree and that confers on recipient of the academic degree the recognition and the claims and obligations that accompany the degree.
definition editor: William R. Hogan
comment: Different degrees have different claims and obligations associated with them. For example, having a medical degree (either M.D. or D.O.) entitles a person to sit for stage 3 of the US Medical Licensing Exam (otherwise one may not take the exam).

basic education program
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: educational program
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: primary education objective
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: lower secondary education objective
subclass of: educational program
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: primary education objective
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: lower secondary education objective
editor preferred term: basic education plan specification
definition: An education plan specification that has as part both a primary educational objective specification and a lower secondary educational objective specification.
definition editor: William R. Hogan
definition source: http://uis.unesco.org/en/glossary-term/basic-education
comment: Most nations in the world mandate that children complete at least a basic education program. Some nations go further and include upper secondary education after basic education.
comment: Whole range of educational activities, taking place in various settings, that aim to meet basic learning needs as defined in the World Declaration on Education for All (Jomtien, Thailand, 1990). According to ISCED standard, basic education comprises primary education (first stage of basic education) and lower secondary education (second stage). It also covers a wide variety of non-formal and informal public and private activities intended to meet the basic learning needs of people of all ages.

lower secondary education program
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: educational program
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: Restriction
      on property: has part
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: educational objective
        intersection of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: lower secondary education objective
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is concretized as
    some values from: Restriction
      on property: realized in
      some values from: completing a program of education
subclass of: educational program
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: lower secondary education objective
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is concretized as
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: realized in
    some values from: completing a program of education
editor preferred term: lower secondary education plan specification
definition: An education plan specification with one or more lower secondary education objective specifications as parts, and these are the only objective specifications it has as parts.
definition editor: William R. Hogan
comment: It can still have action specifications as parts, and possibly other ICEs as parts. That's why we cannot say it has only lower secondary education objectives as parts, and we have to introduce the double negative in the class axiom.
comment: Programmes at ISCED level 2, or ‘lower secondary’ education, are typically designed to build upon the fundamental teaching and learning processes which begin at ISCED level 1. Usually, the educational aim is to lay the foundation for lifelong learning and human development on which education systems may systematically expand further educational opportunities. Programmes at this level are usually organized around a more subject-oriented curriculum, introducing theoretical concepts across a broad range of subjects.
comment: Requires successful completion of a primary education program as a pre-requisite.

upper secondary education objective
type: Class
subclass of: educational objective
editor preferred term: upper secondary education objective specification
definition: An educational objective specification that has a concretization that, when realized, confers on the active participant skills and knowledge that prepare them for tertiary education, or employment, or both.
definition editor: William R. Hogan
definition source: http://uis.unesco.org/en/glossary-term/upper-secondary-education-isced-3
comment: Programmes at ISCED level 3, or ‘upper secondary’ education, are typically designed to complete secondary education in preparation for tertiary education, or to provide skills relevant to employment, or both. Programmes at this level offer students more varied, specialised and in-depth instruction than programmes at lower secondary education (ISCED level 2). They are more differentiated, with an increased range of options and streams available.

upper secondary education program
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: educational program
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: Restriction
      on property: has part
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: educational objective
        intersection of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: upper secondary education objective
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is concretized as
    some values from: Restriction
      on property: realized in
      some values from: completing a program of education
subclass of: educational program
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: upper secondary education objective
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is concretized as
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: realized in
    some values from: completing a program of education
editor preferred term: upper secondary education plan specification
definition: An education plan specification with one or more upper secondary education objective specifications as parts, and these are the only objective specifications it has as parts.
definition editor: William R. Hogan
comment: It can still have action specifications as parts, and possibly other ICEs as parts. That's why we cannot say it has only lower secondary education objectives as parts, and we have to introduce the double negative in the class axiom.
comment: Programmes at ISCED level 3, or ‘upper secondary’ education, are typically designed to complete secondary education in preparation for tertiary education, or to provide skills relevant to employment, or both. Programmes at this level offer students more varied, specialised and in-depth instruction than programmes at lower secondary education (ISCED level 2). They are more differentiated, with an increased range of options and streams available.
comment: Requires successful completion of a lower secondary education program as a pre-requisite.

higher education program
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: educational program
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: Restriction
      on property: has part
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: educational objective
        intersection of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: higher education objective
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is concretized as
    some values from: Restriction
      on property: realized in
      some values from: completing a program of education
subclass of: educational program
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: higher education objective
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is concretized as
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: realized in
    some values from: completing a program of education
editor preferred term: higher education plan specification
definition editor: William R. Hogan
alternative label: post-secondary education plan specification
alternative label: post-secondary education program
comment: Includes college, university, community college, professional schools (MD, RN, PharmD, PT, OT, DDS, dental hygienist, etc.), and so on.
comment: Refers to all higher education beyond secondary education, and thus encompasses ISCED levels 5 and above, which will eventually be subclasses of this one.
comment: Requires successful completion of a secondary education program as a pre-requisite.

higher education objective
type: Class
subclass of: educational objective
editor preferred term: higher education objective specification
definition: An educational objective specification that has a concretization that, when realized, confers on the active participant skills and knowledge in a specialized discipline, and culminates in the awarding of an academic degree.
definition editor: William R. Hogan
alternative label: post-secondary education objective
comment: Refers to all education beyond secondary education that leads to the awarding of an academic degree.

vocational education objective
type: Class
subclass of: educational objective
editor preferred term: vocational education objective specification
definition: An educational objective specification that has a concretization that, when realized, is realized by a process that confers on the active participant knowledge and skills required to realize a particular type of employee role for a given occupation or trade.
definition editor: William R. Hogan
definition source: http://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/documents/international-standard-classification-of-education-isced-2011-en.pdf
comment: Usually the skills are a major focus moreso than in other types of education. For example, auto mechanics, plumbers, and electricians.

highest level of education data item
type: Class
subclass of: socio-economic data item
editor preferred term: highest level of education socio-economic data item
definition: A socio-economic data item that is about a person and their completion of at least some of the required courses of an education program, where the set of planned competencies to be acquired by completing that program, as a whole, are of a more advanced nature than the set of competencies acquired through any other educational program completed by the person.
definition editor: William R. Hogan
contributor: Colbie Reed
contributor: Mathias Brochhausen
contributor: Matt Diller
comment: Note that by 'more advanced nature' of the competencies, we do not mean merely having more knowledge, but rather a set of competencies / capabilities that enable the person to do things of a fundamentally different nature than before. This distinction is exemplified by the difference between a Masters and a PhD degree. The PhD has a key objective of enabling the person to function as an investigator in the domain, whereas a Masters does not.
comment: This data item in a typical attribute-value system such as table, XML, JSON takes values like "secondary education", "Associate Degree", "Bachelor Degree", "High School", and so on. Also, note that we revised the definition in collaboration with our APRICOT project colleagues who noted that the individual need not have completed one of the education programs in a sequence, instead demonstrating competencies for admission to the highest level of eductation in some alternative way. For example, the highest level of education might be baccalaureate degree, but the individual did not graduate a secondary education program but instead got a General Educational Development (GED) certification / degree.

vocational education program
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: educational program
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: vocational education objective
subclass of: educational program
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: vocational education objective
editor preferred term: vocational education plan specification
definition: An educational plan specification that has a vocational objective specification as part.
definition editor: William R. Hogan
definition source: http://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/documents/international-standard-classification-of-education-isced-2011-en.pdf
comment: Vocational education programs are designed for learners to acquire the knowledge, skills and competencies specific to a particular occupation, trade, or class of occupations or trades. Such programs may have work-based components (e.g. apprenticeships, dual-system education programmes). Successful completion of such programs leads to labor market-relevant, vocational qualifications acknowledged as occupationally-oriented by the relevant national authorities and/or the labor market.

kindergarten education program
type: Class
subclass of: primary education program
editor preferred term: kindergarten education plan specification
definition: A primary education plan specification that specifies the competencies and information content entities that should be acquired by students in the first year of primary education in the United States.
definition editor: William R. Hogan
creator: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9881-1017
date: 2020-09-02T12:38:43Z

undergraduate higher education program
type: Class
subclass of: higher education program
editor preferred term: undergraduate higher education plan specification
definition: A higher education plan specification that specifies the awarding of an associates or bachelors degree in the United States or equivalent degrees in other nations, and specifies as a pre-requisite the completion of some secondary education program.
definition editor: William R. Hogan
alternative label: undergraduate education program
creator: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9881-1017
date: 2020-09-02T12:52:46Z

graduate higher education program
type: Class
subclass of: higher education program
editor preferred term: graduate higher education plan specification
definition: A higher education plan specification that specifies the awarding of a graduate certificate or degree, and specifies as a pre-requisite the awarding of an undergraduate degree.
alternative label: graduate education program
creator: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9881-1017
date: 2020-09-02T13:01:34Z
comment: Graduate degrees include masters, PhD, MD, PharmD, and other post-graduate professional degrees. To distinguish MS/PhD from the professional ones, subclass this class.
comment: The prerequisite degree is at the bachelors level or equivalent. An associates degree is almost never sufficient for entry into graduate education programs.

highest level of education is grades 1 through 6 data item
type: Class
subclass of: highest level of education data item
editor preferred term: highest level of education is completion of grades one through six socio-economic data item
definition: A highest level of education socio-economic data item that represents the fact that the highest level of education achieved by an individual in the United States is in the range of first through sixth grade.
definition editor: William R. Hogan
creator: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9881-1017
date: 2020-09-02T13:23:46Z
comment: Note: this broad, very loose level of grouping emerged as an early requirement from the SODA project, funded by a PCORI Methods Grant, at the University of Florida with Dr. Yonghui Wu as PI. It indicates completion of some to all of primary education in the United States.

highest level of education is grades 7 through 9 data item
type: Class
subclass of: highest level of education data item
editor preferred term: highest level of education is completion of grades seven through nine socio-economic data item
definition: A highest level of education socio-economic data item that represents the fact that the highest level of education achieved by an individual in the United States is in the range of seventh (7th) through ninth (9th) grade.
definition editor: William R. Hogan
creator: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9881-1017
date: 2020-09-02T13:27:15Z
comment: Note: this broad, very loose level of grouping emerged as an early requirement from the SODA project, funded by a PCORI Methods Grant, at the University of Florida with Dr. Yonghui Wu as PI. It indicates completion of some to all of lower secondary education in the United States.

highest level of education is grades 10 through 12 data item
type: Class
subclass of: highest level of education data item
editor preferred term: highest level of education is completion of grades ten through twelve socio-economic data item
definition: A highest level of education socio-economic data item that represents the fact that the highest level of education achieved by an individual in the United States is in the range of tenth (10th) through twelfth (12th) grade.
definition editor: William R. Hogan
creator: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9881-1017
date: 2020-09-02T13:27:50Z
comment: Note: this broad, very loose level of grouping emerged as an early requirement from the SODA project, funded by a PCORI Methods Grant, at the University of Florida with Dr. Yonghui Wu as PI. It indicates completion of some to all of upper secondary education in the United States.

highest level of education is completion of undergraduate degree data item
type: Class
subclass of: highest level of education data item
editor preferred term: highest level of education is completion of some undergraduate degree socio-economic data item
definition: A highest level of education socio-economic data item that represents the fact that the highest level of education achieved by an individual in the United States is completion of some undergraduate degree.
definition editor: William R. Hogan
creator: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9881-1017
date: 2020-09-02T13:28:27Z
comment: Note: The requirement for this class emerged as an early requirement from the SODA project, funded by a PCORI Methods Grant, at the University of Florida with Dr. Yonghui Wu as PI.

highest level of education is completion of graduate certificate or degree data item
type: Class
subclass of: highest level of education data item
editor preferred term: highest level of education is completion of some graduate degree socio-economic data item
definition: A highest level of education socio-economic data item that represents the fact that the highest level of education achieved by an individual in the United States is completion of some graduate certificate or degree.
definition editor: William R. Hogan
creator: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9881-1017
date: 2020-09-02T13:28:49Z
comment: Note: The requirement for this class emerged as an early requirement from the SODA project, funded by a PCORI Methods Grant, at the University of Florida with Dr. Yonghui Wu as PI.

highest level of education is completion of vocaational education program data item
type: Class
subclass of: highest level of education data item
editor preferred term: highest level of education is completion of some vocational education program socio-economic data item
definition: A highest level of education socio-economic data item that represents the fact that the highest level of education achieved by an individual in the United States is completion of some vocational education program.
definition editor: William R. Hogan
creator: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9881-1017
date: 2020-09-02T13:29:28Z
comment: Note: The requirement for this class emerged as an early requirement from the SODA project, funded by a PCORI Methods Grant, at the University of Florida with Dr. Yonghui Wu as PI.

highest level of education is completion of kindergarten data item
type: Class
subclass of: highest level of education data item
editor preferred term: highest level of education is completion of kindergarten socio-economic data item
definition: A highest level of education socio-economic data item that represents the fact that the highest level of education achieved by an individual in the United States is pre-kindergarten.
definition editor: William R. Hogan
creator: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9881-1017
date: 2020-09-02T13:47:38Z
comment: Note: The requirement for this class emerged as an early requirement from the SODA project, funded by a PCORI Methods Grant, at the University of Florida with Dr. Yonghui Wu as PI. It indicates that a person has completed only early childhood education and nothing more.

highest level of education is completion of pre-kindergarten data item
type: Class
subclass of: highest level of education data item
editor preferred term: highest level of education is completion of pre-kindergarten socio-economic data item
definition: A highest level of education socio-economic data item that represents the fact that the highest level of education achieved by an individual in the United States is kindergarten.
definition editor: William R. Hogan
creator: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9881-1017
date: 2020-09-02T13:48:10Z
comment: Note: The requirement for this class emerged as an early requirement from the SODA project, funded by a PCORI Methods Grant, at the University of Florida with Dr. Yonghui Wu as PI.

linguistic literacy competence
type: Class
subclass of: disposition
editor preferred term: language literacy competence
definition: A disposition borne by a human being that (1) has a linguistic competence as a dispositional part and (2) if realized, is realized by the bearer's achievement of some personal goal.
definition editor: William R. Hogan
alternative label: human literacy
alternative label: linguistic literacy
contributor: Jiang Bian
contributor: Xi Yang
contributor: Yonghui Wu
comment: Other dispositions that it can and likely does have as dispositional parts include cultural competencies, interpersonal competencies, competencies for navigating a society's systems of laws, claims, obligations, deontic declarations, and norms of financial and other economic exchange.
comment: The realization of this disposition by definition realizes the bearer's linguistic competence that is a dispositional part of this disposition. The realization of the linguistic competence would be an occurrent part of the realization of this disposition (and not a temporal part).
comment: Whereas linguistic competence may be afforded to non-human agents, literacy is nearly always considered in the context of human beings.

caregiver role
type: Class
subclass of: human social role
definition: A human social role that, if realized, is realized in providing assistance in the activities of daily living of another human being who possesses reduced capability to complete some of these activities alone.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
contributor: John Judkins
contributor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: William R. Hogan

family relationship
type: Class
subclass of: relational quality
definition: A relational quality that inheres within two or more persons related as members of a domestic group, or a number of domestic groups linked through descent from a common ancestor, marriage, or adoption.
definition source: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ERO_0002033
contributor: John Judkins
contributor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: William R. Hogan
comment: We are also intending on including other family arrangements. This is something we are working on.

monetary personal income data item
type: Class
subclass of: data item
example of usage: Examples of monetary forms of payment include: wages, salary, or tips; interest generated by capital; dividends earned; lottery, game, or contest monetary winnings; alimony; royalties; trusts; pensions; receipt of rental payments; unemployment payments; social security payments; worker's compensation; social security payments; or profit from entrepreneurial activities.
definition: A data item that is about the sum of earnings for some person(s) from various forms of payment or profits.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
contributor: Chris Stoeckert
comment: We use the phrase ‘some person’ in the definition because this class can be about an individual's or a household's earnings. Similarly, we use 'personal income' in the label because the term is typically restricted to individuals and households. This class is also restricted to being about monetary forms of income.

concretization-utilization process
type: Class
subclass of: process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has participant
  some values from: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has participant
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: specifically dependent continuant
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: concretizes
      some values from: generically dependent continuant
example of usage: Taking notes on a meeting is an example in which the concretization relation is newly established, since the SDCs that concretize the GDCs come into existence as the notes are written. In contrast, using slides prepared by someone else in order to convey information during a presentation is a case of using a concretization in which the performer neither brings the concretizing SDCs into existence nor is responsible for their standing in the concretization relation to the relevant GDCs. A nonlinguistic example is drawing the logo of one’s favorite brand, in which one creates a pattern that concretizes a GDC that is also concretized by patterns on products of the brand.
definition: Process in which some participant utilizes some specifically dependent continuant as a concretization of some generically dependent continuant.
definition editor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: Matthew Diller
contributor: Sarah Bost
contributor: William R. Hogan
comment: Instances include any process that brings it about that some specifically dependent continuant begins to stand in a concretization relation to some generically dependent continuant, as well as any process in which someone makes use of a pre-established concretization relation. To be clear, instances do not include using concretizations of words or letters for purposes that do not make use of the concretization relations in which they stand (for example, hanging up a sign in a foreign language as a decoration because one likes the colors, despite having no idea what the sign says).
comment: Instances include, but are not limited to, processes that bring about cognitive concretizations.

linguistic concretization-utilization process
type: Class
subclass of: concretization-utilization process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has participant
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: material entity
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has characteristic
      some values from: obsolete linguistic competence
definition: A concretization-utilization process in which the utilized specifically dependent continuant concretizes the generically dependent through use of some language.
definition editor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: Matthew Diller
contributor: Sarah Bost
contributor: William R. Hogan

concretization-interpretation process
type: Class
subclass of: process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has participant
  some values from: specifically dependent continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has participant
  some values from: material entity
example of usage: For example, reading a text message that says, “It is raining outside,” and inferring that the words on the screen are meant to convey information about the weather. The pattern on the screen that corresponds to the words is the SDC, and the ICE about the rain is the GDC. Or, hearing your spouse say, “Can you come to the kitchen?” and then knowing that your spouse wants you to come to the kitchen. You have interpreted the patterns of the sound as concretizing a GDC about what your spouse wants. Or, seeing a drawing of a basketball player and inferring—perhaps incorrectly—that it is of Michael Jordan.
definition: Process in which some participant infers that some particular specifically dependent continuant stands in the concretization relation to some particular generically dependent continuant.
definition editor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: Matthew Diller
contributor: Sarah Bost
contributor: William R. Hogan
comment: The interpretation need not be accurate. It may even be the case that the specifically dependent continuant has not previously concretized anything.

linguistic concretization-interpretation process
type: Class
subclass of: concretization-interpretation process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has participant
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: material entity
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has characteristic
      some values from: obsolete linguistic competence
definition: A concretization-interpretation process in which the specifically dependent continuant is inferred to concretize the generically dependent continuant in a way that makes use of some language.
definition editor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: Matthew Diller
contributor: Sarah Bost
contributor: William R. Hogan

linguistic competence
type: Class
subclass of: disposition
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: characteristic of
  some values from: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: realized in
  all values from: Class
    union of: linguistic concretization-utilization process
    union of: linguistic concretization-interpretation process
definition: A disposition that inheres in some material entity and is such that that, if realized, it is realized by either some linguistic concretization-utilization process or some linguistic concretization-interpretation process.
definition editor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: Mathias Brochhausen
contributor: Matthew Diller
contributor: William R. Hogan
comment: When realized in a concretization-utilization process, the only relevant concretization may in some cases be a cognitive one, but that suffices to realize a linguistic competence. For example, suppose one begins to write a letter, planning out the words ahead of time, but is interrupted before beginning to write and never resumes. During the process of planning out the words and what one intends to communicate, one is already concretizing words cognitively, as well as considering which combinations of words one can use to concretize additional generically dependent continuants. In doing so, one performs processes that realize one's linguistic competence, without producing any concretizations other than those cognitive ones.

communication
type: Class
subclass of: process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has participant
  some values from: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has participant
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: specifically dependent continuant
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: concretizes
      some values from: generically dependent continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: occurrent part of
  some values from: concretization-utilization process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: occurrent part of
  some values from: concretization-interpretation process
definition: A process in which some participant shares some generically dependent continuant with some other participant. The former utilizes some specifically dependent continuant that concretizes the generically dependent continuant intended to be shared, while the latter interprets that specifically dependent continuant to concretize some particular generically dependent continuant, aiming to accurately infer the other participant’s intent.
definition editor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: Mathias Brochhausen
contributor: Matthew Diller
contributor: William R. Hogan
comment: For example, if you tell someone, “It is raining,” you produce sounds that have patterns that concretize information about the weather. Your utilization of that concretization is part of the communication. When the other person hears you, they interpret those patterns to concretize something, which may or may not be the same as what you intended to convey. In other words, they interpret the sounds you produce to have meanings associated with them, and that interpretation process is another part of the communication. If a process does not have a part of each type, it is not a communication.
comment: The interpretation need not correspond exactly to what was intended by the other participant.
comment: The term 'participant' in the definition need not refer to a human agent.

language
type: Class
subclass of: disposition
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has member
    some values from: linguistic competence
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has member
    all values from: linguistic competence
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has member
  some values from: linguistic competence
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: realized in
  all values from: Class
    union of: linguistic concretization-utilization process
    union of: linguistic concretization-interpretation process
definition: A disposition that (i) is an aggregate of linguistic competences, considered as forming a distinct group on the basis of perceived common characteristics, such as mutual intelligibility among their bearers, in addition to historical or cultural factors; (ii) if realized, is realized in any and all realizations of those linguistic competences; and (iii) inheres in a linguistic community.
definition editor: William R. Hogan
contributor: Mathias Brochhausen
contributor: Matthew Diller
contributor: S. Clint Dowland

disclosure of preferred language
type: Class
subclass of: communication
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: occurrent part of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: concretization-utilization process
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has specified output
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: specifically dependent continuant
        intersection of: Restriction
definition: A communication in which some participant states a preference for some communicative process to be in a certain language, via some concretization of some preferred language information content entity.
definition editor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: Mathias Brochhausen
contributor: Matthew Diller
contributor: William R. Hogan

preferred language information content entity
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is about
  some values from: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is about
  some values from: language
definition: An information content entity that is about some person and some language, and that conveys the language with which that person prefers to communicate within some given context.
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen
contributor: Matthew Diller
contributor: S. Clint Dowland
contributor: William R. Hogan

role in human social processes
type: Class
subclass of: role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: characteristic of
  some values from: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: characteristic of
  all values from: material entity
definition: A role that inheres in some entity that is realized in a social act.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
contributor: Mathias Brochhausen
comment: Previous definition: A role played by an entity in human social processes.

academic degree
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
definition: An information content entity that is the specified outcome of and documents the sucessful completion of a tertiary education program.
definition editor: John Judkins
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen
OOSTT user-centered description: Recognized degree awarded after successful completion of a college or post-graduate porgram.

associate degree
type: Class
subclass of: academic degree
definition: An academic degree awarded by colleges and universities upon completion of a program of study lasting two years.
definition editor: John Judkins
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen
definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php
OOSTT user-centered description: Recognition awarded after completion of a specific curriculum from an accredited tertiary education provider that falls between high school and bachelor's degree program.

master's degree
type: Class
subclass of: academic degree
definition: An academic degree awarded by universities upon completion of a course of study demonstrating a mastery or high-order overview of a specific field of study or area of professional practice.[1] Within the area studied, graduates are posited to possess advanced knowledge of a specialized body of theoretical and applied topics; high order skills in analysis, critical evaluation, or professional application; and the ability to solve complex problems and think rigorously and independently.
definition editor: John Judkins
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen
definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php

bachelor's degree
type: Class
subclass of: academic degree
definition: An academic degree awarded by colleges and universities upon completion of a course of study lasting three to seven years.
definition editor: John Judkins
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen
definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php

bachelor's of nursing degree
type: Class
subclass of: bachelor's degree
definition: An academic degree in the science and principles of nursing, granted by an accredited tertiary education provider after the successful completion of a bachelor's of nursing program.
definition editor: John Judkins
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen
definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php

master's in the science of nursing degree
type: Class
subclass of: master's degree
definition: An academic degree in the science and principles of nursing, granted by an accredited tertiary education provider after the successful completion of a master's of nursing program.
definition editor: John Judkins
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen
OOSTT user-centered description: An advanced academic degree in the principles and practices of nursing, with a focus on administration, education, or advanced nursing practice, granted by an accredited college or university after the successful completion of a master's of nursing program.

quality
type: Class
subclass of: specifically dependent continuant
definition: A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities

Axiom
annotated source: quality
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities
has cross-reference: PATOC:GVG

morphology
type: Class
subclass of: physical object quality
editor preferred term: morphology
definition: A quality of a single physical entity inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer's size or shape or structure.
imported from: pato.owl

length
type: Class
subclass of: morphology
editor preferred term: length
definition: A 1-D extent quality which is equal to the distance between two points.
imported from: pato.owl

mass
type: Class
subclass of: physical quality
editor preferred term: mass
definition: A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the proportion of the bearer's amount of matter.
imported from: pato.owl

physical quality
type: Class
subclass of: physical object quality
editor preferred term: physical quality
definition: A quality of a physical entity that exists through action of continuants at the physical level of organisation in relation to other entities.
imported from: pato.owl

physical object quality
type: Class
subclass of: quality
editor preferred term: physical object quality
definition: A quality which inheres in a continuant.
imported from: pato.owl

family
type: Class
subclass of: aggregate of objectual organisms
has curation status: metadata incomplete
definition: A domestic group, or a number of domestic groups linked through descent (demonstrated or stipulated) from a common ancestor, marriage, or adoption.
editor note: Needs axioms for family relationships.
definition source: http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Thesaurus.owl#C25173
comment: Family membership through marriage or adoption apply primarily to human families. In most species, family membership is defined by common anscestry.

system
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
definition: A material entity consisting of multiple components that are causally integrated.
editor note: May be replaced by a BFO class, as discussed in http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/4/1/43
definition editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
definition source: http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/4/1/43

length unit
type: Class
subclass of: measurement unit label
editor preferred term: length unit
imported from: uo.owl

mass unit
type: Class
subclass of: measurement unit label
editor preferred term: mass unit
imported from: uo.owl

time unit
type: Class
subclass of: measurement unit label
editor preferred term: time unit
imported from: uo.owl

Western Australian Mulga Shrublands Ecoregion
type: NamedIndividual
part of: Australasia Ecoregion
has cross-reference: WWF:AA1310
has cross-reference: https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1310

Australasia Ecoregion
type: NamedIndividual
has cross-reference: https://www.worldwildlife.org/biomes/deserts-and-xeric-shrublands

Tirari-Sturt Stony Desert Ecoregion
type: NamedIndividual
part of: Australasia Ecoregion
has cross-reference: WWF:AA1309
has cross-reference: https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1309

Simpson Desert Region
type: NamedIndividual
part of: Australasia Ecoregion
has cross-reference: WWF:AA1308
has cross-reference: https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1308

Pilbara Shrublands Ecoregion
type: NamedIndividual
part of: Australasia Ecoregion
has cross-reference: WWF:AA1307
has cross-reference: https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1307

Carnarvon Xeric Shrublands Ecoregion
type: NamedIndividual
part of: Australasia Ecoregion
has cross-reference: WWF:AA1301
has cross-reference: https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1301

Central Ranges Xeric Shrub Ecoregion
type: NamedIndividual
part of: Australasia Ecoregion
has cross-reference: WWF:AA1302
has cross-reference: https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1302

Gibson Desert Ecoregion
type: NamedIndividual
part of: Australasia Ecoregion
has cross-reference: WWF:AA1303
has cross-reference: https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1303

The Great Sandy-Tanami Desert Ecoregion
type: NamedIndividual
part of: Australasia Ecoregion
has cross-reference: WWF:AA1304
has cross-reference: https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1304

Great Victoria Desert Ecoregion
type: NamedIndividual
part of: Australasia Ecoregion
has cross-reference: WWF:AA1305
has cross-reference: https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1305

Nullarbor Plains Xeric Shrubland Ecoregion
type: NamedIndividual
part of: Australasia Ecoregion
has cross-reference: WWF:AA1306
has cross-reference: https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1306

Afrotropical Ecoregion
type: NamedIndividual
has cross-reference: https://www.worldwildlife.org/biomes/deserts-and-xeric-shrublands

Succulent Karoo Ecoregion
type: NamedIndividual
part of: Afrotropical Ecoregion
has cross-reference: WWF:AT1322
has cross-reference: https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1322

Yemen and Saudi Arabia Ecoregion
type: NamedIndividual
part of: Afrotropical Ecoregion
has cross-reference: WWF:AT1321
has cross-reference: https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1321
has_exact_synonym: Arabian Peninsula: Yemen and Saudi Arabia

Yemen, Saudi Arabia, and Oman Ecoregion
type: NamedIndividual
part of: Afrotropical Ecoregion
has cross-reference: WWF:AT1320
has cross-reference: https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1320
has_exact_synonym: Arabian Peninsula: Yemen, Saudi Arabia, and Oman

Somali Montane Xeric Woodland Ecoregion
type: NamedIndividual
part of: Afrotropical Ecoregion
has cross-reference: WWF:AT1319
has cross-reference: https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1319
has_exact_synonym: Somali montane xeric woodlands ecoregion

Socotran Archipelago Ecoregion
type: NamedIndividual
part of: Afrotropical Ecoregion
has cross-reference: WWF:AT1318
has cross-reference: https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1318

Red Sea Coastal Desert Ecoregion
type: NamedIndividual
part of: Afrotropical Ecoregion
has cross-reference: WWF:AT1317
has cross-reference: https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1317

Namibian Savanna Woodland Ecoregion
type: NamedIndividual
part of: Afrotropical Ecoregion
has cross-reference: WWF:AT1316
has cross-reference: https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1316

Namib Desert Ecoregion
type: NamedIndividual
part of: Afrotropical Ecoregion
has cross-reference: WWF:AT1315
has cross-reference: https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1315

Nama Karoo Ecoregion
type: NamedIndividual
part of: Afrotropical Ecoregion
has cross-reference: WWF:AT1314
has cross-reference: https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1314

Masai Xeric Grasslands and Shrublands Ecoregion
type: NamedIndividual
part of: Afrotropical Ecoregion
has cross-reference: WWF:AT1313
has cross-reference: https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1313

Madagascar Succulent Woodlands Ecoregion
type: NamedIndividual
part of: Afrotropical Ecoregion
has cross-reference: WWF:AT1312
has cross-reference: https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1312

Madagascar Spiny Thickets Ecoregion
type: NamedIndividual
part of: Afrotropical Ecoregion
has cross-reference: WWF:AT1311
has cross-reference: https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1311
has_exact_synonym: Madagascar spiny desert ecoregion

Kaokoveld Desert Ecoregion
type: NamedIndividual
part of: Afrotropical Ecoregion
has cross-reference: WWF:AT1310
has cross-reference: https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1310
has_exact_synonym: Africa: Coastal Namibia and Angola Ecoregion

Kalahari Xeric Savanna Ecoregion
type: NamedIndividual
part of: Afrotropical Ecoregion
has cross-reference: WWF:AT1309
has cross-reference: https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1309

Ile Europa and Bassas da India Ecoregion
type: NamedIndividual
part of: Afrotropical Ecoregion
has cross-reference: WWF:AT1308
has cross-reference: https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1308
has_exact_synonym: Southern Africa: Islands about half-way between southern Madagascar and southern Mozambique Ecoregion

Hobyo Grassland and Shrubland Ecoregion
type: NamedIndividual
part of: Afrotropical Ecoregion
has cross-reference: WWF:AT1307
has cross-reference: https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1307

Oman and United Arab Emirates Ecoregion
type: NamedIndividual
part of: Afrotropical Ecoregion
has cross-reference: WWF:AT1306
has cross-reference: https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1306
has_exact_synonym: Arabian Peninsula: Oman and United Arab Emirates Ecoregion

Ethiopian Xeric Grasslands and Shrublands Ecoregion
type: NamedIndividual
part of: Afrotropical Ecoregion
has cross-reference: WWF:AT1305
has cross-reference: https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1305

Eritrean Coastal Desert Ecoregion
type: NamedIndividual
part of: Afrotropical Ecoregion
has cross-reference: WWF:AT1304
has cross-reference: https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1304

East Saharan Montane Xeric Woodland Ecoregion
type: NamedIndividual
part of: Afrotropical Ecoregion
has cross-reference: WWF:AT1303
has cross-reference: https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1303
has_exact_synonym: North central Africa: Eastern Chad and small area of western Sudan

Oman, Yemen, and Saudi Arabia Ecoregion
type: NamedIndividual
part of: Afrotropical Ecoregion
has cross-reference: WWF:AT1302
has cross-reference: https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1302
has_exact_synonym: Western Asia: Oman, Yemen, and Saudi Arabia Ecoregion

Aldabra Island Xeric Scrub Ecoregion
type: NamedIndividual
part of: Afrotropical Ecoregion
has cross-reference: WWF:AT1301
has cross-reference: https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1301

Indo-Malay Ecoregion
type: NamedIndividual
has cross-reference: deserts-and-xeric-shrublands

Thar Desert
type: NamedIndividual
part of: Indo-Malay Ecoregion
has cross-reference: im1304
has cross-reference: WWF:IM1304

Northwestern Thorn Scrub Forests
type: NamedIndividual
part of: Indo-Malay Ecoregion
has cross-reference: im1303
has cross-reference: WWF:IM1303

Solar radiation
type: NamedIndividual
process has causal agent: Q525
definition: Stellar radiation emitted from Sol.

example to be eventually removed
type: NamedIndividual
type: curation status specification
editor preferred term: example to be eventually removed

failed exploratory term
type: Thing
type: NamedIndividual
type: obsolescence reason specification
editor preferred term: failed exploratory term
definition: The term was initially used in an attempt to structure part of the ontology, but in retrospect failed to do a good job.
definition: The term was used in an attempt to structure part of the ontology but in retrospect failed to do a good job
editor note: Terms created as placeholders with the expectation of being permanent should instead be deprecated using the "placeholder removed" (obo:IAO_0000226) justification.
definition editor: Person:Alan Ruttenberg
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6875-5360
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7356-1779

metadata complete
type: NamedIndividual
type: curation status specification
editor preferred term: metadata complete
definition: Class has all its metadata, but is either not guaranteed to be in its final location in the asserted IS_A hierarchy or refers to another class that is not complete.

organizational term
type: NamedIndividual
type: curation status specification
editor preferred term: organizational term
definition: Term created to ease viewing/sort terms for development purpose, and will not be included in a release
definition: The term was created to ease viewing/sorting terms for development purposes, but will not be included in a release.

ready for release
type: NamedIndividual
type: curation status specification
editor preferred term: ready for release
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: Class has undergone final review, is ready for use, and will be included in the next release. Any class lacking "ready_for_release" should be considered likely to change place in hierarchy, have its definition refined, or be obsoleted in the next release. Those classes deemed "ready_for_release" will also derived from a chain of ancestor classes that are also "ready_for_release."

metadata incomplete
type: NamedIndividual
type: curation status specification
editor preferred term: metadata incomplete
definition: Class is being worked on; however, the metadata (including definition) are not complete or sufficiently clear to the branch editors.

uncurated
type: NamedIndividual
type: curation status specification
editor preferred term: uncurated
definition: Nothing done yet beyond assigning a unique class ID and proposing a preferred term.

pending final vetting
type: NamedIndividual
type: curation status specification
editor preferred term: pending final vetting
definition: All definitions, placement in the asserted IS_A hierarchy and required minimal metadata are complete. The class is awaiting a final review by someone other than the term editor.

obsolete_core
type: NamedIndividual
definition: Core is an instance of a grouping of terms from an ontology or ontologies. It is used by the ontology to identify main classes.
definition editor: PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
definition editor: PERSON: Melanie Courtot
has obsolescence reason: placeholder removed
deprecated: true

placeholder removed
type: Thing
type: NamedIndividual
type: obsolescence reason specification
editor preferred term: placeholder removed
definition: The term was created to temporarily stand in for a semantic purpose, but is no longer needed, typically due to another permanent term being defined.
editor note: This reason is appropriate for a temporary term even if no permanent term is defined; for example if the need for the term no longer exists. If a permanent (replacement) term is defined, the deprecated term should reference the replacement with IAO:0100001. If no replacement is defined, it may be appropriate to reference alternative terms with oboInOwl:consider.
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6875-5360
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7356-1779

terms merged
type: NamedIndividual
type: obsolescence reason specification
editor preferred term: terms merged
definition: The term has been combined with one or more other terms to create a more encompassing (merged) term.
editor note: An editor note should explain what were the merged terms and the reason for the merge.
editor note: The deprecated term should reference the merged term with obo:IAO_0100001. The replacement term should reference the original terms as sources using obo:RO_0001000 (derives_from). An editor note should explain what were the merged terms and the reason for the merge.
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6875-5360
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7356-1779

term imported
type: NamedIndividual
type: obsolescence reason specification
editor preferred term: term imported
definition: The term has been replaced by a term imported from another ontology.
editor note: This is to be used when the original term has been replaced by a term imported from an other ontology. An editor note should indicate what is the URI of the new term to use.
editor note: This is to be used when the original term has been replaced by a term imported from an other ontology. The deprecated term should reference the imported term with obo:IAO_0100001.
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6875-5360
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7356-1779

term split
type: NamedIndividual
type: obsolescence reason specification
editor preferred term: term split
definition: The term has been split into two or more new terms.
editor note: This is to be used when a term has been split in two or more new terms. An editor note should indicate the reason for the split and indicate the URIs of the new terms created.
editor note: This is to be used when a term has been split in two or more new terms. An editor note should indicate the reason for the split. The deprecated term should reference the replacement terms with obo:IAO_0100001.
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6875-5360
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7356-1779

obsolete_other
type: NamedIndividual
editor note: This is to be used if none of the existing instances cover the reason for obsolescence. An editor note should indicate this new reason.
editor note: We expect to be able to mine these new reasons and add instances as required.
deprecated: true

universal
type: NamedIndividual
type: denotator type
editor preferred term: universal
editor note: Hard to give a definition for. Intuitively a "natural kind" rather than a collection of any old things, which a class is able to be, formally. At the meta level, universals are defined as positives, are disjoint with their siblings, have single asserted parents.
definition editor: Alan Ruttenberg
definition source: A Formal Theory of Substances, Qualities, and Universals, http://ontology.buffalo.edu/bfo/SQU.pdf

defined class
type: NamedIndividual
type: denotator type
editor preferred term: defined class
definition: A defined class is a class that is defined by a set of logically necessary and sufficient conditions but is not a universal
editor note: "definitions", in some readings, always are given by necessary and sufficient conditions. So one must be careful (and this is difficult sometimes) to distinguish between defined classes and universal.
definition editor: Alan Ruttenberg

named class expression
type: NamedIndividual
type: denotator type
editor preferred term: named class expression
definition: A named class expression is a logical expression that is given a name. The name can be used in place of the expression.
editor note: named class expressions are used in order to have more concise logical definition but their extensions may not be interesting classes on their own. In languages such as OWL, with no provisions for macros, these show up as actuall classes. Tools may with to not show them as such, and to replace uses of the macros with their expansions
definition editor: Alan Ruttenberg

to be replaced with external ontology term
type: NamedIndividual
type: curation status specification
editor preferred term: to be replaced with external ontology term
definition: Terms with this status should eventually replaced with a term from another ontology.
definition editor: Alan Ruttenberg
definition source: group:OBI

requires discussion
type: NamedIndividual
type: curation status specification
editor preferred term: requires discussion
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: A term that is metadata complete, has been reviewed, and problems have been identified that require discussion before release. Such a term requires editor note(s) to identify the outstanding issues.
definition editor: Alan Ruttenberg
definition source: group:OBI

out of scope
type: NamedIndividual
type: obsolescence reason specification
definition: The term was added to the ontology on the assumption it was in scope, but it turned out later that it was not.
editor note: This obsolesence reason should be used conservatively. Typical valid examples are: un-necessary grouping classes in disease ontologies, a phenotype term added on the assumption it was a disease.
editor note: This obsolesence reason should be used conservatively. Typical valid examples in disease ontologies are: unnecessary class grouping; mistaked creation of a disease associated to a phenotype.
definition editor: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/77
ontology term requester: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6875-5360
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7356-1779

domain entity does not exist
type: NamedIndividual
type: obsolescence reason specification
definition: The term was added to the ontology on the assumption it was a valid domain entity, but it turns out the entity does not exist in reality.
editor note: This obsolesence reason should be used conservatively. For example: Obsoleting class that describes a breed of cow based on a record in an existing database, that was later retracted as faulty (breed does not exist). Do not use this term to obsolete a historic concept (that was once valid, but not anymore).
definition editor: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4142-7153
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/136
ontology term requester: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4142-7153

Abkhazian
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Аҧсуа бызшәа @ab
alternative label: Аҧсшәа @ab
ISO 639-1 code: ab
ISO 639-2/B code: abk
ISO 639-2/T code: abk

Achinese
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: بهسا اچيه
ISO 639-2/B code: ace
ISO 639-2/T code: ace

Acoli
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Lwo
ISO 639-2/B code: ach
ISO 639-2/T code: ach

Adangme
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Dangme
ISO 639-2/B code: ada
ISO 639-2/T code: ada

Adyghe
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Adygei
alternative label: Адыгабзэ
alternative label: Кӏахыбзэ
ISO 639-2/B code: ady
ISO 639-2/T code: ady

Afrihili
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: El-Afrihili
ISO 639-2/B code: afh
ISO 639-2/T code: afh

Afrikaans
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Afrikaans @af
ISO 639-1 code: af
ISO 639-2/B code: afr
ISO 639-2/T code: afr

Ainu
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: アイヌ・イタㇰ
ISO 639-2/B code: ain
ISO 639-2/T code: ain

Akan
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Akan @ak
ISO 639-1 code: ak
ISO 639-2/B code: aka
ISO 639-2/T code: aka

Akkadian
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: 𒀝𒅗𒁺𒌑
ISO 639-2/B code: akk
ISO 639-2/T code: akk

Albanian
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Shqip @sq
ISO 639-1 code: sq
ISO 639-2/B code: alb
ISO 639-2/T code: sqi

Aleut
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Уна́ӈам тунуу́
alternative label: Унаӈан умсуу
ISO 639-2/B code: ale
ISO 639-2/T code: ale

Southern Altai
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Алтай тили
ISO 639-2/B code: alt
ISO 639-2/T code: alt

Amharic
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: አማርኛ @am
ISO 639-1 code: am
ISO 639-2/B code: amh
ISO 639-2/T code: amh

English, Old (ca.450–1100)
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Anglisc
alternative label: Englisc
alternative label: Ænglisc
ISO 639-2/B code: ang
ISO 639-2/T code: ang

Angika
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
ISO 639-2/B code: anp
ISO 639-2/T code: anp

Arabic
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: العَرَبِيَّة @ar
ISO 639-1 code: ar
ISO 639-2/B code: ara
ISO 639-2/T code: ara

Official Aramaic (700–300 BCE)
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Imperial Aramaic (700–300 BCE)
ISO 639-2/B code: arc
ISO 639-2/T code: arc

Aragonese
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: aragonés @an
ISO 639-1 code: an
ISO 639-2/B code: arg
ISO 639-2/T code: arg

Armenian
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Հայերեն @hy
alternative label: Հայերէն @hy
ISO 639-1 code: hy
ISO 639-2/B code: arm
ISO 639-2/T code: hye

Mapudungun
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Mapuche
ISO 639-2/B code: arn
ISO 639-2/T code: arn

Arapaho
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Hinónoʼeitíít
ISO 639-2/B code: arp
ISO 639-2/T code: arp

Arawak
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Lokono
ISO 639-2/B code: arw
ISO 639-2/T code: arw

Assamese
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: অসমীয়া @as
ISO 639-1 code: as
ISO 639-2/B code: asm
ISO 639-2/T code: asm

Asturian
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Asturianu
alternative label: Asturleonese
alternative label: Bable
alternative label: Leonese
ISO 639-2/B code: ast
ISO 639-2/T code: ast

Avaric
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Авар мацӏ @av
alternative label: Магӏарул мацӏ @av
ISO 639-1 code: av
ISO 639-2/B code: ava
ISO 639-2/T code: ava

Avestan
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
ISO 639-1 code: ae
ISO 639-2/B code: ave
ISO 639-2/T code: ave

Awadhi
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: अवधी
ISO 639-2/B code: awa
ISO 639-2/T code: awa

Aymara
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Aymar aru @ay
ISO 639-1 code: ay
ISO 639-2/B code: aym
ISO 639-2/T code: aym

Azerbaijani
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Azərbaycan dili @az
alternative label: Азәрбајҹан дили @az
alternative label: آذربایجان دیلی @az
ISO 639-1 code: az
ISO 639-2/B code: aze
ISO 639-2/T code: aze

Bashkir
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Başqort tele @ba
alternative label: Башҡорт теле @ba
ISO 639-1 code: ba
ISO 639-2/B code: bak
ISO 639-2/T code: bak

Baluchi
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: بلوچی
ISO 639-2/B code: bal
ISO 639-2/T code: bal

Bambara
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: ߓߊߡߊߣߊߣߞߊߣ @bm
ISO 639-1 code: bm
ISO 639-2/B code: bam
ISO 639-2/T code: bam

Balinese
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: ᬩᬲᬩᬮᬶ
alternative label: ᬪᬵᬱᬩᬮᬶ
ISO 639-2/B code: ban
ISO 639-2/T code: ban

Basque
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: euskara @eu
ISO 639-1 code: eu
ISO 639-2/B code: baq
ISO 639-2/T code: eus

Basa
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Mbene
alternative label: Ɓasaá
ISO 639-2/B code: bas
ISO 639-2/T code: bas

Beja
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Bedawiyet
alternative label: Bidhaawyeet
ISO 639-2/B code: bej
ISO 639-2/T code: bej

Belarusian
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Беларуская мова @be
ISO 639-1 code: be
ISO 639-2/B code: bel
ISO 639-2/T code: bel

Bemba
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Chibemba
ISO 639-2/B code: bem
ISO 639-2/T code: bem

Bengali
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: বাংলা @bn
ISO 639-1 code: bn
ISO 639-2/B code: ben
ISO 639-2/T code: ben

Bhojpuri
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: भोजपुरी
ISO 639-2/B code: bho
ISO 639-2/T code: bho

Bikol
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
ISO 639-2/B code: bik
ISO 639-2/T code: bik

Bini
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Edo
alternative label: Ẹ̀dó
ISO 639-2/B code: bin
ISO 639-2/T code: bin

Bislama
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
ISO 639-1 code: bi
ISO 639-2/B code: bis
ISO 639-2/T code: bis

Siksika
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: ᓱᖽᐧᖿ
ISO 639-2/B code: bla
ISO 639-2/T code: bla

Tibetan
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: བོད་སྐད་ @bo
alternative label: ལྷ་སའི་སྐད་ @bo
ISO 639-1 code: bo
ISO 639-2/B code: tib
ISO 639-2/T code: bod

Bosnian
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: bosanski @bs
alternative label: босански @bs
ISO 639-1 code: bs
ISO 639-2/B code: bos
ISO 639-2/T code: bos

Braj
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
ISO 639-2/B code: bra
ISO 639-2/T code: bra

Breton
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Brezhoneg @br
ISO 639-1 code: br
ISO 639-2/B code: bre
ISO 639-2/T code: bre

Buriat
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: буряад хэлэн
ISO 639-2/B code: bua
ISO 639-2/T code: bua

Buginese
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: ᨅᨔ ᨕᨘᨁᨗ
ISO 639-2/B code: bug
ISO 639-2/T code: bug

Bulgarian
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: български език @bg
ISO 639-1 code: bg
ISO 639-2/B code: bul
ISO 639-2/T code: bul

Burmese
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: မြန်မာစကား @my
alternative label: မြန်မာစာ @my
ISO 639-1 code: my
ISO 639-2/B code: bur
ISO 639-2/T code: mya

Blin
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Bilin
alternative label: ብሊና
alternative label: ብሊን
ISO 639-2/B code: byn
ISO 639-2/T code: byn

Caddo
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Hasí:nay
ISO 639-2/B code: cad
ISO 639-2/T code: cad

Galibi Carib
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Kari'nja
ISO 639-2/B code: car
ISO 639-2/T code: car

Catalan
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Valencian
alternative label: català @ca
ISO 639-1 code: ca
ISO 639-2/B code: cat
ISO 639-2/T code: cat

Cebuano
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Sinugbuanong Binisayâ
ISO 639-2/B code: ceb
ISO 639-2/T code: ceb

Czech
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: český jazyk @cs
alternative label: čeština @cs
ISO 639-1 code: cs
ISO 639-2/B code: cze
ISO 639-2/T code: ces

Chamorro
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Finu' Chamoru @ch
ISO 639-1 code: ch
ISO 639-2/B code: cha
ISO 639-2/T code: cha

Chibcha
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Muysccubun
ISO 639-2/B code: chb
ISO 639-2/T code: chb

Chechen
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Нохчийн мотт @ce
alternative label: نَاخچیین موٓتت @ce
alternative label: ნახჩიე მუოთთ @ce
ISO 639-1 code: ce
ISO 639-2/B code: che
ISO 639-2/T code: che

Chagatai
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: جغتای
ISO 639-2/B code: chg
ISO 639-2/T code: chg

Chinese
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: 中文 @zh
alternative label: 汉语 @zh
alternative label: 漢語 @zh
ISO 639-1 code: zh
ISO 639-2/B code: chi
ISO 639-2/T code: zho

Chuukese
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
ISO 639-2/B code: chk
ISO 639-2/T code: chk

Mari
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: марий йылме
ISO 639-2/B code: chm
ISO 639-2/T code: chm

Chinook jargon
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: chinook lelang
alternative label: chinuk wawa
alternative label: lelang
alternative label: wawa
ISO 639-2/B code: chn
ISO 639-2/T code: chn

Choctaw
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Chahta'
ISO 639-2/B code: cho
ISO 639-2/T code: cho

Chipewyan
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Dene Suline
alternative label: ᑌᓀᓱᒼᕄᓀ (Dënesųłiné)
ISO 639-2/B code: chp
ISO 639-2/T code: chp

Cherokee
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: ᏣᎳᎩ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ
ISO 639-2/B code: chr
ISO 639-2/T code: chr

Church Slavic
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Church Slavonic
alternative label: Old Bulgarian
alternative label: Old Church Slavonic
alternative label: Old Slavonic
alternative label: Славе́нскїй ѧ҆зы́къ @cu
ISO 639-1 code: cu
ISO 639-2/B code: chu
ISO 639-2/T code: chu

Chuvash
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Чӑвашла @cv
ISO 639-1 code: cv
ISO 639-2/B code: chv
ISO 639-2/T code: chv

Cheyenne
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Tsėhésenėstsestȯtse
ISO 639-2/B code: chy
ISO 639-2/T code: chy

Montenegrin
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: crnogorski
alternative label: црногорски
ISO 639-2/B code: cnr
ISO 639-2/T code: cnr

Coptic
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: ϯⲙⲉⲑⲣⲉⲙⲛ̀ⲭⲏⲙⲓ
alternative label: ⲧⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲣⲙ̄ⲛ̄ⲕⲏⲙⲉ
ISO 639-2/B code: cop
ISO 639-2/T code: cop

Cornish
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Kernowek @kw
ISO 639-1 code: kw
ISO 639-2/B code: cor
ISO 639-2/T code: cor

Corsican
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Corsu @co
alternative label: Lingua corsa @co
ISO 639-1 code: co
ISO 639-2/B code: cos
ISO 639-2/T code: cos

Cree
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
ISO 639-1 code: cr
ISO 639-2/B code: cre
ISO 639-2/T code: cre

Crimean Tatar
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Crimean Turkish
alternative label: Къырымтатар тили
alternative label: Къырымтатарджа
alternative label: Ҡырымтатар тили
alternative label: Ҡырымтатарҗа
ISO 639-2/B code: crh
ISO 639-2/T code: crh

Kashubian
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Kaszëbsczi jãzëk
ISO 639-2/B code: csb
ISO 639-2/T code: csb

Welsh
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Cymraeg @cy
alternative label: y Gymraeg @cy
ISO 639-1 code: cy
ISO 639-2/B code: wel
ISO 639-2/T code: cym

Dakota
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Dakhótiyapi
alternative label: Dakȟótiyapi
ISO 639-2/B code: dak
ISO 639-2/T code: dak

Danish
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: dansk @da
ISO 639-1 code: da
ISO 639-2/B code: dan
ISO 639-2/T code: dan

Dargwa
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: дарган мез
ISO 639-2/B code: dar
ISO 639-2/T code: dar

Delaware
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
ISO 639-2/B code: del
ISO 639-2/T code: del

Slave (Athapascan)
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Dene K'e
ISO 639-2/B code: den
ISO 639-2/T code: den

German
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Deutsch @de
ISO 639-1 code: de
ISO 639-2/B code: ger
ISO 639-2/T code: deu

Dogrib
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: ڈوگرى
alternative label: डोगरी
ISO 639-2/B code: dgr
ISO 639-2/T code: dgr

Dinka
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Thuɔŋjäŋ
ISO 639-2/B code: din
ISO 639-2/T code: din

Divehi
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Dhivehi
alternative label: Maldivian
alternative label: ދިވެހި @dv
alternative label: ދިވެހިބަސް @dv
ISO 639-1 code: dv
ISO 639-2/B code: div
ISO 639-2/T code: div

Dogri
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: ڈوگرى
alternative label: डोगरी
ISO 639-2/B code: doi
ISO 639-2/T code: doi

Lower Sorbian
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Dolnoserbski
alternative label: Dolnoserbšćina
ISO 639-2/B code: dsb
ISO 639-2/T code: dsb

Duala
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
ISO 639-2/B code: dua
ISO 639-2/T code: dua

Dutch, Middle (ca. 1050–1350)
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
ISO 639-2/B code: dum
ISO 639-2/T code: dum

Dutch
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Flemish
alternative label: Nederlands @nl
alternative label: Vlaams @nl
ISO 639-1 code: nl
ISO 639-2/B code: dut
ISO 639-2/T code: nld

Dyula
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Julakan
ISO 639-2/B code: dyu
ISO 639-2/T code: dyu

Dzongkha
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: རྫོང་ཁ་ @dz
ISO 639-1 code: dz
ISO 639-2/B code: dzo
ISO 639-2/T code: dzo

Efik
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
ISO 639-2/B code: efi
ISO 639-2/T code: efi

Egyptian (Ancient)
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
ISO 639-2/B code: egy
ISO 639-2/T code: egy

Ekajuk
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
ISO 639-2/B code: eka
ISO 639-2/T code: eka

Greek, Modern (1453–)
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Νέα Ελληνικά @el
ISO 639-1 code: el
ISO 639-2/B code: gre
ISO 639-2/T code: ell

Elamite
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
ISO 639-2/B code: elx
ISO 639-2/T code: elx

English
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: English
ISO 639-1 code: en
ISO 639-2/B code: eng
ISO 639-2/T code: eng

English, Middle (1100–1500)
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
ISO 639-2/B code: enm
ISO 639-2/T code: enm

Esperanto
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Esperanto @eo
ISO 639-1 code: eo
ISO 639-2/B code: epo
ISO 639-2/T code: epo

Estonian
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: eesti keel @et
ISO 639-1 code: et
ISO 639-2/B code: est
ISO 639-2/T code: est

Ewe
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Èʋegbe @ee
ISO 639-1 code: ee
ISO 639-2/B code: ewe
ISO 639-2/T code: ewe

Ewondo
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
ISO 639-2/B code: ewo
ISO 639-2/T code: ewo

Fang
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
ISO 639-2/B code: fan
ISO 639-2/T code: fan

Faroese
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: føroyskt @fo
ISO 639-1 code: fo
ISO 639-2/B code: fao
ISO 639-2/T code: fao

Persian
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: فارسی @fa
ISO 639-1 code: fa
ISO 639-2/B code: per
ISO 639-2/T code: fas

Fanti
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Fante
alternative label: Fanti
alternative label: Mfantse
ISO 639-2/B code: fat
ISO 639-2/T code: fat

Fijian
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Na Vosa Vakaviti @fj
ISO 639-1 code: fj
ISO 639-2/B code: fij
ISO 639-2/T code: fij

Filipino
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Pilipino
alternative label: Wikang Filipino
ISO 639-2/B code: fil
ISO 639-2/T code: fil

Finnish
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: suomen kieli @fi
ISO 639-1 code: fi
ISO 639-2/B code: fin
ISO 639-2/T code: fin

Fon
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Fon gbè
ISO 639-2/B code: fon
ISO 639-2/T code: fon

French
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: français @fr
ISO 639-1 code: fr
ISO 639-2/B code: fre
ISO 639-2/T code: fra

French, Middle (ca. 1400–1600)
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: franceis
alternative label: françois
ISO 639-2/B code: frm
ISO 639-2/T code: frm

French, Old (842–ca. 1400)
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Franceis
alternative label: François
alternative label: Romanz
ISO 639-2/B code: fro
ISO 639-2/T code: fro

Northern Frisian
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Frasch
alternative label: Freesk
alternative label: Fresk
alternative label: Friisk
ISO 639-2/B code: frr
ISO 639-2/T code: frr

Eastern Frisian
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Seeltersk
ISO 639-2/B code: frs
ISO 639-2/T code: frs

Western Frisian
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Frysk @fy
ISO 639-1 code: fy
ISO 639-2/B code: fry
ISO 639-2/T code: fry

Fulah
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Fulfulde @ff
alternative label: Pulaar @ff
alternative label: Pular @ff
ISO 639-1 code: ff
ISO 639-2/B code: ful
ISO 639-2/T code: ful

Friulian
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Furlan
ISO 639-2/B code: fur
ISO 639-2/T code: fur

Ga
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Gã
ISO 639-2/B code: gaa
ISO 639-2/T code: gaa

Gayo
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Basa Gayo
ISO 639-2/B code: gay
ISO 639-2/T code: gay

Gbaya
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
ISO 639-2/B code: gba
ISO 639-2/T code: gba

Georgian
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: ქართული @ka
ISO 639-1 code: ka
ISO 639-2/B code: geo
ISO 639-2/T code: kat

Geez
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: ግዕዝ
ISO 639-2/B code: gez
ISO 639-2/T code: gez

Gilbertese
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Taetae ni Kiribati
ISO 639-2/B code: gil
ISO 639-2/T code: gil

Gaelic
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Gàidhlig @gd
alternative label: Scottish Gaelic
ISO 639-1 code: gd
ISO 639-2/B code: gla
ISO 639-2/T code: gla

Irish
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Gaeilge @ga
ISO 639-1 code: ga
ISO 639-2/B code: gle
ISO 639-2/T code: gle

Galician
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: galego @gl
ISO 639-1 code: gl
ISO 639-2/B code: glg
ISO 639-2/T code: glg

Manx
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Gaelg @gv
alternative label: Gailck @gv
ISO 639-1 code: gv
ISO 639-2/B code: glv
ISO 639-2/T code: glv

German, Middle High (ca. 1050–1500)
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Diutsch
ISO 639-2/B code: gmh
ISO 639-2/T code: gmh

German, Old High (ca. 750–1050)
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Diutisk
ISO 639-2/B code: goh
ISO 639-2/T code: goh

Gondi
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
ISO 639-2/B code: gon
ISO 639-2/T code: gon

Gorontalo
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Bahasa Hulontalo
ISO 639-2/B code: gor
ISO 639-2/T code: gor

Gothic
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
ISO 639-2/B code: got
ISO 639-2/T code: got

Grebo
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
ISO 639-2/B code: grb
ISO 639-2/T code: grb

Greek, Ancient (to 1453)
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Ἑλληνική
ISO 639-2/B code: grc
ISO 639-2/T code: grc

Guarani
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Avañe'ẽ @gn
ISO 639-1 code: gn
ISO 639-2/B code: grn
ISO 639-2/T code: grn

Swiss German
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Alemannic
alternative label: Alsatian
alternative label: Schwiizerdütsch
ISO 639-2/B code: gsw
ISO 639-2/T code: gsw

Gujarati
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: ગુજરાતી @gu
ISO 639-1 code: gu
ISO 639-2/B code: guj
ISO 639-2/T code: guj

Gwich'in
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Dinjii Zhu’ Ginjik
ISO 639-2/B code: gwi
ISO 639-2/T code: gwi

Haida
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Xaad kil
alternative label: X̱aadas Kíl
alternative label: X̱aat Kíl
alternative label: X̱aayda Kil
ISO 639-2/B code: hai
ISO 639-2/T code: hai

Haitian
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Haitian Creole
alternative label: kreyòl ayisyen @ht
ISO 639-1 code: ht
ISO 639-2/B code: hat
ISO 639-2/T code: hat

Hausa
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Harshen Hausa @ha
alternative label: هَرْشَن @ha
ISO 639-1 code: ha
ISO 639-2/B code: hau
ISO 639-2/T code: hau

Hawaiian
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi
ISO 639-2/B code: haw
ISO 639-2/T code: haw

Hebrew
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: עברית @he
ISO 639-1 code: he
ISO 639-2/B code: heb
ISO 639-2/T code: heb

Herero
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Otjiherero @hz
ISO 639-1 code: hz
ISO 639-2/B code: her
ISO 639-2/T code: her

Hiligaynon
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Ilonggo
ISO 639-2/B code: hil
ISO 639-2/T code: hil

Hindi
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: हिन्दी @hi
ISO 639-1 code: hi
ISO 639-2/B code: hin
ISO 639-2/T code: hin

Hittite
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: 𒉈𒅆𒇷
ISO 639-2/B code: hit
ISO 639-2/T code: hit

Hmong
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Mong
alternative label: lol Hmongb
alternative label: lug Moob
alternative label: lus Hmoob
ISO 639-2/B code: hmn
ISO 639-2/T code: hmn

Hiri Motu
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
ISO 639-1 code: ho
ISO 639-2/B code: hmo
ISO 639-2/T code: hmo

Croatian
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: hrvatski @hr
ISO 639-1 code: hr
ISO 639-2/B code: hrv
ISO 639-2/T code: hrv

Upper Sorbian
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: hornjoserbšćina
ISO 639-2/B code: hsb
ISO 639-2/T code: hsb

Hungarian
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: magyar nyelv @hu
ISO 639-1 code: hu
ISO 639-2/B code: hun
ISO 639-2/T code: hun

Hupa
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Na:tinixwe Mixine:whe'
ISO 639-2/B code: hup
ISO 639-2/T code: hup

Iban
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Jaku Iban
ISO 639-2/B code: iba
ISO 639-2/T code: iba

Igbo
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Asụsụ Igbo @ig
ISO 639-1 code: ig
ISO 639-2/B code: ibo
ISO 639-2/T code: ibo

Icelandic
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: íslenska @is
ISO 639-1 code: is
ISO 639-2/B code: ice
ISO 639-2/T code: isl

Ido
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
ISO 639-1 code: io
ISO 639-2/B code: ido
ISO 639-2/T code: ido

Sichuan Yi
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Nuosu
alternative label: ꆈꌠꉙ @ii
ISO 639-1 code: ii
ISO 639-2/B code: iii
ISO 639-2/T code: iii

Inuktitut
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ @iu
ISO 639-1 code: iu
ISO 639-2/B code: iku
ISO 639-2/T code: iku

Interlingue
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Occidental
ISO 639-1 code: ie
ISO 639-2/B code: ile
ISO 639-2/T code: ile

Iloko
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Ilokano
alternative label: Pagsasao nga Ilokano
ISO 639-2/B code: ilo
ISO 639-2/T code: ilo

Interlingua ( International Auxiliary Language Association )
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
ISO 639-1 code: ia
ISO 639-2/B code: ina
ISO 639-2/T code: ina

Indonesian
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: bahasa Indonesia @id
ISO 639-1 code: id
ISO 639-2/B code: ind
ISO 639-2/T code: ind

Ingush
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: ГӀалгӀай мотт
ISO 639-2/B code: inh
ISO 639-2/T code: inh

Inupiaq
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Iñupiaq @ik
ISO 639-1 code: ik
ISO 639-2/B code: ipk
ISO 639-2/T code: ipk

Italian
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: italiano @it
alternative label: lingua italiana @it
ISO 639-1 code: it
ISO 639-2/B code: ita
ISO 639-2/T code: ita

Javanese
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: ꦧꦱꦗꦮ @jv
ISO 639-1 code: jv
ISO 639-2/B code: jav
ISO 639-2/T code: jav

Lojban
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: la .lojban.
ISO 639-2/B code: jbo
ISO 639-2/T code: jbo

Japanese
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: 日本語 @ja
ISO 639-1 code: ja
ISO 639-2/B code: jpn
ISO 639-2/T code: jpn

Judeo-Persian
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Dzhidi
ISO 639-2/B code: jpr
ISO 639-2/T code: jpr

Judeo-Arabic
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: ערבית יהודית
alternative label: عربية يهودية
ISO 639-2/B code: jrb
ISO 639-2/T code: jrb

Kara-Kalpak
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Qaraqalpaq tili
alternative label: Қарақалпақ тили
ISO 639-2/B code: kaa
ISO 639-2/T code: kaa

Kabyle
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Tamaziɣt Taqbaylit
alternative label: Tazwawt
ISO 639-2/B code: kab
ISO 639-2/T code: kab

Kachin
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Jingpho
ISO 639-2/B code: kac
ISO 639-2/T code: kac

Kalaallisut
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Greenlandic
ISO 639-1 code: kl
ISO 639-2/B code: kal
ISO 639-2/T code: kal

Kamba
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
ISO 639-2/B code: kam
ISO 639-2/T code: kam

Kannada
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: ಕನ್ನಡ @kn
ISO 639-1 code: kn
ISO 639-2/B code: kan
ISO 639-2/T code: kan

Kashmiri
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: كأشُر @ks
alternative label: कॉशुर @ks
ISO 639-1 code: ks
ISO 639-2/B code: kas
ISO 639-2/T code: kas

Kanuri
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
ISO 639-1 code: kr
ISO 639-2/B code: kau
ISO 639-2/T code: kau

Kawi
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: ꦧꦱꦗꦮ
ISO 639-2/B code: kaw
ISO 639-2/T code: kaw

Kazakh
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: qazaq tili @kk
alternative label: қазақ тілі @kk
ISO 639-1 code: kk
ISO 639-2/B code: kaz
ISO 639-2/T code: kaz

Kabardian
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Адыгэбзэ (Къэбэрдейбзэ)
ISO 639-2/B code: kbd
ISO 639-2/T code: kbd

Khasi
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: কা কতিয়েন খাশি
ISO 639-2/B code: kha
ISO 639-2/T code: kha

Central Khmer
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: ភាសាខ្មែរ @km
ISO 639-1 code: km
ISO 639-2/B code: khm
ISO 639-2/T code: khm

Khotanese
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Sakan
ISO 639-2/B code: kho
ISO 639-2/T code: kho

Kikuyu
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Gikuyu
alternative label: Gĩkũyũ @ki
ISO 639-1 code: ki
ISO 639-2/B code: kik
ISO 639-2/T code: kik

Kinyarwanda
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
ISO 639-1 code: rw
ISO 639-2/B code: kin
ISO 639-2/T code: kin

Kirghiz
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Kyrgyz
alternative label: кыргыз тили @ky
alternative label: кыргызча @ky
ISO 639-1 code: ky
ISO 639-2/B code: kir
ISO 639-2/T code: kir

Kimbundu
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
ISO 639-2/B code: kmb
ISO 639-2/T code: kmb

Konkani
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: कोंकणी
ISO 639-2/B code: kok
ISO 639-2/T code: kok

Komi
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Коми кыв @kv
ISO 639-1 code: kv
ISO 639-2/B code: kom
ISO 639-2/T code: kom

Kongo
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
ISO 639-1 code: kg
ISO 639-2/B code: kon
ISO 639-2/T code: kon

Korean
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: 한국어 @ko
ISO 639-1 code: ko
ISO 639-2/B code: kor
ISO 639-2/T code: kor

Kosraean
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
ISO 639-2/B code: kos
ISO 639-2/T code: kos

Kpelle
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Kpɛlɛwoo
ISO 639-2/B code: kpe
ISO 639-2/T code: kpe

Karachay-Balkar
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Къарачай-Малкъар тил
alternative label: Таулу тил
ISO 639-2/B code: krc
ISO 639-2/T code: krc

Karelian
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: kariela
alternative label: karjal
alternative label: karjala
ISO 639-2/B code: krl
ISO 639-2/T code: krl

Kurukh
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: कुड़ुख़
ISO 639-2/B code: kru
ISO 639-2/T code: kru

Kuanyama
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Kwanyama
ISO 639-1 code: kj
ISO 639-2/B code: kua
ISO 639-2/T code: kua

Kumyk
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: qumuq til
alternative label: къумукъ тил
ISO 639-2/B code: kum
ISO 639-2/T code: kum

Kurdish
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Kurdî @ku
alternative label: کوردی @ku
ISO 639-1 code: ku
ISO 639-2/B code: kur
ISO 639-2/T code: kur

Kutenai
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
ISO 639-2/B code: kut
ISO 639-2/T code: kut

Ladino
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Judeo-español
ISO 639-2/B code: lad
ISO 639-2/T code: lad

Lahnda
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: بھارت کا
ISO 639-2/B code: lah
ISO 639-2/T code: lah

Lamba
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
ISO 639-2/B code: lam
ISO 639-2/T code: lam

Lao
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: ພາສາລາວ @lo
ISO 639-1 code: lo
ISO 639-2/B code: lao
ISO 639-2/T code: lao

Latin
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Lingua latīna @la
ISO 639-1 code: la
ISO 639-2/B code: lat
ISO 639-2/T code: lat

Latvian
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Latviešu valoda @lv
ISO 639-1 code: lv
ISO 639-2/B code: lav
ISO 639-2/T code: lav

Lezghian
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Лезги чӏал
ISO 639-2/B code: lez
ISO 639-2/T code: lez

Limburgan
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Limburger
alternative label: Limburgish
alternative label: Lèmburgs @li
ISO 639-1 code: li
ISO 639-2/B code: lim
ISO 639-2/T code: lim

Lingala
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
ISO 639-1 code: ln
ISO 639-2/B code: lin
ISO 639-2/T code: lin

Lithuanian
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: lietuvių kalba @lt
ISO 639-1 code: lt
ISO 639-2/B code: lit
ISO 639-2/T code: lit

Mongo
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Lomongo
ISO 639-2/B code: lol
ISO 639-2/T code: lol

Lozi
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
ISO 639-2/B code: loz
ISO 639-2/T code: loz

Luxembourgish
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Letzeburgesch
alternative label: Lëtzebuergesch @lb
ISO 639-1 code: lb
ISO 639-2/B code: ltz
ISO 639-2/T code: ltz

Luba-Lulua
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Tshiluba
ISO 639-2/B code: lua
ISO 639-2/T code: lua

Luba-Katanga
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Kiluba @lu
ISO 639-1 code: lu
ISO 639-2/B code: lub
ISO 639-2/T code: lub

Ganda
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Luganda @lg
ISO 639-1 code: lg
ISO 639-2/B code: lug
ISO 639-2/T code: lug

Luiseno
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Cham'teela
ISO 639-2/B code: lui
ISO 639-2/T code: lui

Lunda
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Chilunda
ISO 639-2/B code: lun
ISO 639-2/T code: lun

Luo (Kenya and Tanzania)
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Dholuo
ISO 639-2/B code: luo
ISO 639-2/T code: luo

Lushai
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Mizo ṭawng
ISO 639-2/B code: lus
ISO 639-2/T code: lus

Macedonian
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: македонски јазик @mk
ISO 639-1 code: mk
ISO 639-2/B code: mac
ISO 639-2/T code: mkd

Madurese
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Madhura
ISO 639-2/B code: mad
ISO 639-2/T code: mad

Magahi
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: मगही
ISO 639-2/B code: mag
ISO 639-2/T code: mag

Marshallese
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Kajin M̧ajeļ @mh
ISO 639-1 code: mh
ISO 639-2/B code: mah
ISO 639-2/T code: mah

Maithili
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: मैथिली
alternative label: মৈথিলী
ISO 639-2/B code: mai
ISO 639-2/T code: mai

Makasar
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Basa Mangkasara'
alternative label: ᨅᨔ ᨆᨀᨔᨑ
ISO 639-2/B code: mak
ISO 639-2/T code: mak

Malayalam
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: മലയാളം @ml
ISO 639-1 code: ml
ISO 639-2/B code: mal
ISO 639-2/T code: mal

Mandingo
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Mandi'nka kango
ISO 639-2/B code: man
ISO 639-2/T code: man

Maori
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Te Reo Māori @mi
ISO 639-1 code: mi
ISO 639-2/B code: mao
ISO 639-2/T code: mri

Marathi
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: मराठी @mr
ISO 639-1 code: mr
ISO 639-2/B code: mar
ISO 639-2/T code: mar

Masai
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: ɔl
ISO 639-2/B code: mas
ISO 639-2/T code: mas

Malay
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Bahasa Melayu @ms
ISO 639-1 code: ms
ISO 639-2/B code: may
ISO 639-2/T code: msa

Moksha
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: мокшень кяль
ISO 639-2/B code: mdf
ISO 639-2/T code: mdf

Mandar
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
ISO 639-2/B code: mdr
ISO 639-2/T code: mdr

Mende
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Mɛnde yia
ISO 639-2/B code: men
ISO 639-2/T code: men

Irish, Middle (900–1200)
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Gaoidhealg
ISO 639-2/B code: mga
ISO 639-2/T code: mga

Mi'kmaq
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Micmac
alternative label: Míkmawísimk
ISO 639-2/B code: mic
ISO 639-2/T code: mic

Minangkabau
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Baso Minang
ISO 639-2/B code: min
ISO 639-2/T code: min

Malagasy
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
ISO 639-1 code: mg
ISO 639-2/B code: mlg
ISO 639-2/T code: mlg

Maltese
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Malti @mt
ISO 639-1 code: mt
ISO 639-2/B code: mlt
ISO 639-2/T code: mlt

Manchu
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ
ISO 639-2/B code: mnc
ISO 639-2/T code: mnc

Manipuri
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
ISO 639-2/B code: mni
ISO 639-2/T code: mni

Mohawk
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Kanien’kéha
ISO 639-2/B code: moh
ISO 639-2/T code: moh

Mongolian
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: монгол хэл @mn
alternative label: ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ @mn
ISO 639-1 code: mn
ISO 639-2/B code: mon
ISO 639-2/T code: mon

Mossi
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Mooré
ISO 639-2/B code: mos
ISO 639-2/T code: mos

Creek
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Mvskoke
ISO 639-2/B code: mus
ISO 639-2/T code: mus

Mirandese
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: lhéngua mirandesa
alternative label: mirandés
ISO 639-2/B code: mwl
ISO 639-2/T code: mwl

Marwari
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: मारवाड़ी
ISO 639-2/B code: mwr
ISO 639-2/T code: mwr

Erzya
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: эрзянь кель
ISO 639-2/B code: myv
ISO 639-2/T code: myv

Neapolitan
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: napulitano
ISO 639-2/B code: nap
ISO 639-2/T code: nap

Nauru
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: dorerin Naoero @na
ISO 639-1 code: na
ISO 639-2/B code: nau
ISO 639-2/T code: nau

Navajo
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Diné bizaad @nv
alternative label: Naabeehó bizaad @nv
alternative label: Navaho
ISO 639-1 code: nv
ISO 639-2/B code: nav
ISO 639-2/T code: nav

Ndebele, South
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: South Ndebele
alternative label: isiNdebele seSewula @nr
ISO 639-1 code: nr
ISO 639-2/B code: nbl
ISO 639-2/T code: nbl

Ndebele, North
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: North Ndebele
alternative label: siNdebele saseNyakatho @nd
ISO 639-1 code: nd
ISO 639-2/B code: nde
ISO 639-2/T code: nde

Ndonga
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: ndonga @ng
ISO 639-1 code: ng
ISO 639-2/B code: ndo
ISO 639-2/T code: ndo

Low German
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: German, Low
alternative label: Low Saxon
alternative label: Plattdütsch
alternative label: Plattdüütsch
alternative label: Saxon, Low
ISO 639-2/B code: nds
ISO 639-2/T code: nds

Nepali
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: नेपाली भाषा @ne
ISO 639-1 code: ne
ISO 639-2/B code: nep
ISO 639-2/T code: nep

Nepal Bhasa
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Newari
alternative label: नेपाल भाषा
alternative label: नेवाः भाय्
ISO 639-2/B code: new
ISO 639-2/T code: new

Nias
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Li Niha
ISO 639-2/B code: nia
ISO 639-2/T code: nia

Niuean
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: ko e vagahau Niuē
ISO 639-2/B code: niu
ISO 639-2/T code: niu

Norwegian Nynorsk
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Nynorsk, Norwegian
alternative label: nynorsk @nn
ISO 639-1 code: nn
ISO 639-2/B code: nno
ISO 639-2/T code: nno

Bokmål , Norwegian
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Norwegian Bokmål
alternative label: bokmål @nb
ISO 639-1 code: nb
ISO 639-2/B code: nob
ISO 639-2/T code: nob

Nogai
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Ногай тили
ISO 639-2/B code: nog
ISO 639-2/T code: nog

Norse, Old
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Dǫnsk tunga
alternative label: Norrœnt mál
ISO 639-2/B code: non
ISO 639-2/T code: non

Norwegian
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: norsk @no
ISO 639-1 code: no
ISO 639-2/B code: nor
ISO 639-2/T code: nor

N'Ko
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
ISO 639-2/B code: nqo
ISO 639-2/T code: nqo

Pedi
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Northern Sotho
alternative label: Sepedi
alternative label: Sesotho sa Leboa
ISO 639-2/B code: nso
ISO 639-2/T code: nso

Classical Newari
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Classical Nepal Bhasa
alternative label: Old Newari
alternative label: पुलां भाय्
alternative label: पुलाङु नेपाल भाय्
ISO 639-2/B code: nwc
ISO 639-2/T code: nwc

Chichewa
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Chewa
alternative label: Chichewa @ny
alternative label: Chinyanja @ny
alternative label: Nyanja
ISO 639-1 code: ny
ISO 639-2/B code: nya
ISO 639-2/T code: nya

Nyamwezi
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
ISO 639-2/B code: nym
ISO 639-2/T code: nym

Nyankole
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
ISO 639-2/B code: nyn
ISO 639-2/T code: nyn

Nyoro
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Runyoro
ISO 639-2/B code: nyo
ISO 639-2/T code: nyo

Nzima
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
ISO 639-2/B code: nzi
ISO 639-2/T code: nzi

Occitan (post 1500)
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Provençal
alternative label: lenga d'òc @oc
alternative label: occitan @oc
alternative label: provençal @oc
ISO 639-1 code: oc
ISO 639-2/B code: oci
ISO 639-2/T code: oci

Ojibwa
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
ISO 639-1 code: oj
ISO 639-2/B code: oji
ISO 639-2/T code: oji

Oriya
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: ଓଡ଼ିଆ @or
ISO 639-1 code: or
ISO 639-2/B code: ori
ISO 639-2/T code: ori

Oromo
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Afaan Oromoo @om
ISO 639-1 code: om
ISO 639-2/B code: orm
ISO 639-2/T code: orm

Osage
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Wazhazhe ie
alternative label: 𐓏𐓘𐓻𐓘𐓻𐓟 𐒻𐓟
ISO 639-2/B code: osa
ISO 639-2/T code: osa

Ossetian
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Ossetic
alternative label: Ирон æвзаг @os
ISO 639-1 code: os
ISO 639-2/B code: oss
ISO 639-2/T code: oss

Turkish, Ottoman (1500–1928)
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: lisân-ı Osmânî
alternative label: لسان عثمانى
ISO 639-2/B code: ota
ISO 639-2/T code: ota

Pangasinan
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Salitan Pangasinan
ISO 639-2/B code: pag
ISO 639-2/T code: pag

Pahlavi
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Pārsīg
alternative label: Pārsīk
ISO 639-2/B code: pal
ISO 639-2/T code: pal

Pampanga
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Amánung Kapampangan
alternative label: Amánung Sísuan
alternative label: Kapampangan
ISO 639-2/B code: pam
ISO 639-2/T code: pam

Panjabi
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Punjabi
alternative label: پنجابی @pa
alternative label: ਪੰਜਾਬੀ @pa
ISO 639-1 code: pa
ISO 639-2/B code: pan
ISO 639-2/T code: pan

Papiamento
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Papiamentu
ISO 639-2/B code: pap
ISO 639-2/T code: pap

Palauan
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: a tekoi er a Belau
ISO 639-2/B code: pau
ISO 639-2/T code: pau

Persian, Old (ca. 600–400 B.C.)
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
ISO 639-2/B code: peo
ISO 639-2/T code: peo

Phoenician
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: 𐤃𐤁𐤓𐤉𐤌 𐤊𐤍𐤏𐤍𐤉𐤌
ISO 639-2/B code: phn
ISO 639-2/T code: phn

Pali
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Pāli @pi
ISO 639-1 code: pi
ISO 639-2/B code: pli
ISO 639-2/T code: pli

Polish
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Język polski @pl
ISO 639-1 code: pl
ISO 639-2/B code: pol
ISO 639-2/T code: pol

Pohnpeian
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
ISO 639-2/B code: pon
ISO 639-2/T code: pon

Portuguese
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: português @pt
ISO 639-1 code: pt
ISO 639-2/B code: por
ISO 639-2/T code: por

Provençal, Old (to 1500)
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Old Occitan (to 1500)
ISO 639-2/B code: pro
ISO 639-2/T code: pro

Pushto
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Pashto
alternative label: پښتو @ps
ISO 639-1 code: ps
ISO 639-2/B code: pus
ISO 639-2/T code: pus

Quechua
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Nuna shimi @qu
alternative label: Runa simi @qu
alternative label: kichwa simi @qu
ISO 639-1 code: qu
ISO 639-2/B code: que
ISO 639-2/T code: que

Rajasthani
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: राजस्थानी
ISO 639-2/B code: raj
ISO 639-2/T code: raj

Rapanui
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Vananga rapa nui
ISO 639-2/B code: rap
ISO 639-2/T code: rap

Rarotongan
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Cook Islands Maori
alternative label: Māori Kūki 'Āirani
ISO 639-2/B code: rar
ISO 639-2/T code: rar

Romansh
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Romauntsch @rm
alternative label: Romontsch @rm
alternative label: Rumantsch @rm
alternative label: Rumàntsch @rm
ISO 639-1 code: rm
ISO 639-2/B code: roh
ISO 639-2/T code: roh

Romany
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: romani čhib
ISO 639-2/B code: rom
ISO 639-2/T code: rom

Romanian
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Moldavian
alternative label: Moldovan
alternative label: limba română @ro
ISO 639-1 code: ro
ISO 639-2/B code: rum
ISO 639-2/T code: ron

Rundi
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Ikirundi @rn
ISO 639-1 code: rn
ISO 639-2/B code: run
ISO 639-2/T code: run

Aromanian
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Arumanian
alternative label: Macedo-Romanian
alternative label: armãneashce
alternative label: armãneashti
alternative label: rrãmãneshti
ISO 639-2/B code: rup
ISO 639-2/T code: rup

Russian
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: русский язык @ru
ISO 639-1 code: ru
ISO 639-2/B code: rus
ISO 639-2/T code: rus

Sandawe
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Sandaweeki
ISO 639-2/B code: sad
ISO 639-2/T code: sad

Sango
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: yângâ tî sängö @sg
ISO 639-1 code: sg
ISO 639-2/B code: sag
ISO 639-2/T code: sag

Yakut
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Сахалыы
ISO 639-2/B code: sah
ISO 639-2/T code: sah

Samaritan Aramaic
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: ארמית
ISO 639-2/B code: sam
ISO 639-2/T code: sam

Sanskrit
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: संस्कृतम् @sa
ISO 639-1 code: sa
ISO 639-2/B code: san
ISO 639-2/T code: san

Sasak
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
ISO 639-2/B code: sas
ISO 639-2/T code: sas

Santali
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ
ISO 639-2/B code: sat
ISO 639-2/T code: sat

Sicilian
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Sicilianu
ISO 639-2/B code: scn
ISO 639-2/T code: scn

Scots
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Braid Scots
alternative label: Lallans
ISO 639-2/B code: sco
ISO 639-2/T code: sco

Selkup
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
ISO 639-2/B code: sel
ISO 639-2/T code: sel

Irish, Old (to 900)
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Goídelc
ISO 639-2/B code: sga
ISO 639-2/T code: sga

Shan
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: ၵႂၢမ်းတႆးယႂ်
ISO 639-2/B code: shn
ISO 639-2/T code: shn

Sidamo
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Sidaamu Afoo
ISO 639-2/B code: sid
ISO 639-2/T code: sid

Sinhala
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Sinhalese
alternative label: සිංහල @si
ISO 639-1 code: si
ISO 639-2/B code: sin
ISO 639-2/T code: sin

Slovak
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: slovenský jazyk @sk
alternative label: slovenčina @sk
ISO 639-1 code: sk
ISO 639-2/B code: slo
ISO 639-2/T code: slk

Slovenian
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: slovenski jezik @sl
alternative label: slovenščina @sl
ISO 639-1 code: sl
ISO 639-2/B code: slv
ISO 639-2/T code: slv

Southern Sami
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Åarjelsaemien gïele
ISO 639-2/B code: sma
ISO 639-2/T code: sma

Northern Sami
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: davvisámegiella @se
ISO 639-1 code: se
ISO 639-2/B code: sme
ISO 639-2/T code: sme

Lule Sami
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: julevsámegiella
ISO 639-2/B code: smj
ISO 639-2/T code: smj

Inari Sami
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: anarâškielâ
ISO 639-2/B code: smn
ISO 639-2/T code: smn

Samoan
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Gagana faʻa Sāmoa @sm
ISO 639-1 code: sm
ISO 639-2/B code: smo
ISO 639-2/T code: smo

Skolt Sami
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: sääʹmǩiõll
ISO 639-2/B code: sms
ISO 639-2/T code: sms

Shona
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: chiShona @sn
ISO 639-1 code: sn
ISO 639-2/B code: sna
ISO 639-2/T code: sna

Sindhi
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: سنڌي @sd
alternative label: सिन्धी @sd
alternative label: ਸਿੰਧੀ @sd
ISO 639-1 code: sd
ISO 639-2/B code: snd
ISO 639-2/T code: snd

Soninke
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Sooninkanxanne
ISO 639-2/B code: snk
ISO 639-2/T code: snk

Sogdian
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
ISO 639-2/B code: sog
ISO 639-2/T code: sog

Somali
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: af Soomaali @so
ISO 639-1 code: so
ISO 639-2/B code: som
ISO 639-2/T code: som

Sotho, Southern
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Sesotho [southern] @st
ISO 639-1 code: st
ISO 639-2/B code: sot
ISO 639-2/T code: sot

Spanish
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Castilian
alternative label: castellano @es
alternative label: español @es
ISO 639-1 code: es
ISO 639-2/B code: spa
ISO 639-2/T code: spa

Sardinian
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: limba sarda @sc
alternative label: lingua sarda @sc
alternative label: sardu @sc
ISO 639-1 code: sc
ISO 639-2/B code: srd
ISO 639-2/T code: srd

Sranan Tongo
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
ISO 639-2/B code: srn
ISO 639-2/T code: srn

Serbian
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: srpski @sr
alternative label: српски @sr
ISO 639-1 code: sr
ISO 639-2/B code: srp
ISO 639-2/T code: srp

Serer
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Seereer
ISO 639-2/B code: srr
ISO 639-2/T code: srr

Swati
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: siSwati @ss
ISO 639-1 code: ss
ISO 639-2/B code: ssw
ISO 639-2/T code: ssw

Sukuma
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Kɪsukuma
ISO 639-2/B code: suk
ISO 639-2/T code: suk

Sundanese
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Basa Sunda @su
alternative label: ᮘᮞ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ @su
ISO 639-1 code: su
ISO 639-2/B code: sun
ISO 639-2/T code: sun

Susu
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Sosoxui
ISO 639-2/B code: sus
ISO 639-2/T code: sus

Sumerian
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: 𒅴𒂠
ISO 639-2/B code: sux
ISO 639-2/T code: sux

Swahili
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Kiswahili @sw
ISO 639-1 code: sw
ISO 639-2/B code: swa
ISO 639-2/T code: swa

Swedish
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: svenska @sv
ISO 639-1 code: sv
ISO 639-2/B code: swe
ISO 639-2/T code: swe

Classical Syriac
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
ISO 639-2/B code: syc
ISO 639-2/T code: syc

Syriac
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: ܠܫܢܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ
ISO 639-2/B code: syr
ISO 639-2/T code: syr

Tahitian
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Reo Mā'ohi @ty
alternative label: Reo Tahiti @ty
ISO 639-1 code: ty
ISO 639-2/B code: tah
ISO 639-2/T code: tah

Tamil
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: தமிழ் @ta
ISO 639-1 code: ta
ISO 639-2/B code: tam
ISO 639-2/T code: tam

Tatar
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: tatar tele @tt
alternative label: татар теле @tt
alternative label: تاتار @tt
ISO 639-1 code: tt
ISO 639-2/B code: tat
ISO 639-2/T code: tat

Telugu
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: తెలుగు @te
ISO 639-1 code: te
ISO 639-2/B code: tel
ISO 639-2/T code: tel

Timne
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: KʌThemnɛ
ISO 639-2/B code: tem
ISO 639-2/T code: tem

Tereno
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Terêna
ISO 639-2/B code: ter
ISO 639-2/T code: ter

Tetum
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Lia-Tetun
ISO 639-2/B code: tet
ISO 639-2/T code: tet

Tajik
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: tojikī @tg
alternative label: тоҷикӣ @tg
ISO 639-1 code: tg
ISO 639-2/B code: tgk
ISO 639-2/T code: tgk

Tagalog
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Wikang Tagalog @tl
ISO 639-1 code: tl
ISO 639-2/B code: tgl
ISO 639-2/T code: tgl

Thai
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: ภาษาไทย @th
ISO 639-1 code: th
ISO 639-2/B code: tha
ISO 639-2/T code: tha

Tigre
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: ትግረ
alternative label: ትግራይት
alternative label: ትግሬ
alternative label: ኻሳ
ISO 639-2/B code: tig
ISO 639-2/T code: tig

Tigrinya
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: ትግርኛ @ti
ISO 639-1 code: ti
ISO 639-2/B code: tir
ISO 639-2/T code: tir

Tiv
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
ISO 639-2/B code: tiv
ISO 639-2/T code: tiv

Tokelau
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
ISO 639-2/B code: tkl
ISO 639-2/T code: tkl

Klingon
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: tlhIngan-Hol
ISO 639-2/B code: tlh
ISO 639-2/T code: tlh

Tlingit
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Lingít
ISO 639-2/B code: tli
ISO 639-2/T code: tli

Tamashek
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
ISO 639-2/B code: tmh
ISO 639-2/T code: tmh

Tonga (Nyasa)
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: chiTonga
ISO 639-2/B code: tog
ISO 639-2/T code: tog

Tonga (Tonga Islands)
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: lea faka-Tonga @to
ISO 639-1 code: to
ISO 639-2/B code: ton
ISO 639-2/T code: ton

Tok Pisin
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
ISO 639-2/B code: tpi
ISO 639-2/T code: tpi

Tsimshian
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
ISO 639-2/B code: tsi
ISO 639-2/T code: tsi

Tswana
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Setswana @tn
ISO 639-1 code: tn
ISO 639-2/B code: tsn
ISO 639-2/T code: tsn

Tsonga
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Xitsonga @ts
ISO 639-1 code: ts
ISO 639-2/B code: tso
ISO 639-2/T code: tso

Turkmen
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Türkmençe @tk
alternative label: türkmen dili @tk
alternative label: Түркменче @tk
alternative label: түркмен дили @tk
alternative label: تورکمن تیلی @tk
alternative label: تورکمنچه @tk
ISO 639-1 code: tk
ISO 639-2/B code: tuk
ISO 639-2/T code: tuk

Tumbuka
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: chiTumbuka
ISO 639-2/B code: tum
ISO 639-2/T code: tum

Turkish
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Türkçe @tr
ISO 639-1 code: tr
ISO 639-2/B code: tur
ISO 639-2/T code: tur

Tuvalu
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Te Gagana Tuuvalu
alternative label: Te Ggana Tuuvalu
ISO 639-2/B code: tvl
ISO 639-2/T code: tvl

Twi
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
ISO 639-1 code: tw
ISO 639-2/B code: twi
ISO 639-2/T code: twi

Tuvinian
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: тыва дыл
ISO 639-2/B code: tyv
ISO 639-2/T code: tyv

Udmurt
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: удмурт кыл
ISO 639-2/B code: udm
ISO 639-2/T code: udm

Ugaritic
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
ISO 639-2/B code: uga
ISO 639-2/T code: uga

Uighur
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Uyghur
alternative label: ئۇيغۇر تىلى @ug
alternative label: ئۇيغۇرچە @ug
ISO 639-1 code: ug
ISO 639-2/B code: uig
ISO 639-2/T code: uig

Ukrainian
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: українська мова @uk
ISO 639-1 code: uk
ISO 639-2/B code: ukr
ISO 639-2/T code: ukr

Umbundu
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Úmbúndú
ISO 639-2/B code: umb
ISO 639-2/T code: umb

Urdu
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: اُردُو @ur
ISO 639-1 code: ur
ISO 639-2/B code: urd
ISO 639-2/T code: urd

Uzbek
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Oʻzbekcha @uz
alternative label: oʻzbek tili @uz
alternative label: ўзбек тили @uz
alternative label: ўзбекча @uz
alternative label: ئوبېک تیلی @uz
alternative label: ئوزبېچه @uz
ISO 639-1 code: uz
ISO 639-2/B code: uzb
ISO 639-2/T code: uzb

Vai
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: ꕙꔤ
ISO 639-2/B code: vai
ISO 639-2/T code: vai

Venda
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Tshivenḓa @ve
ISO 639-1 code: ve
ISO 639-2/B code: ven
ISO 639-2/T code: ven

Vietnamese
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Tiếng Việt @vi
ISO 639-1 code: vi
ISO 639-2/B code: vie
ISO 639-2/T code: vie

Volapük
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
ISO 639-1 code: vo
ISO 639-2/B code: vol
ISO 639-2/T code: vol

Votic
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: vađđa ceeli
ISO 639-2/B code: vot
ISO 639-2/T code: vot

Wolaitta
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Walamo
alternative label: Wolaytta
ISO 639-2/B code: wal
ISO 639-2/T code: wal

Waray
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Binisayâ nga Samar-Leyte
alternative label: Binisayâ nga Winaray
alternative label: Lineyte-Samarnon
alternative label: Samareño
alternative label: Winaray
alternative label: “Binisayâ nga Waray”
ISO 639-2/B code: war
ISO 639-2/T code: war

Washo
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: wá:šiw ʔítlu
ISO 639-2/B code: was
ISO 639-2/T code: was

Walloon
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Walon @wa
ISO 639-1 code: wa
ISO 639-2/B code: wln
ISO 639-2/T code: wln

Wolof
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
ISO 639-1 code: wo
ISO 639-2/B code: wol
ISO 639-2/T code: wol

Kalmyk
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Oirat
alternative label: Xaľmg keln
alternative label: Хальмг келн
ISO 639-2/B code: xal
ISO 639-2/T code: xal

Xhosa
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: isiXhosa @xh
ISO 639-1 code: xh
ISO 639-2/B code: xho
ISO 639-2/T code: xho

Yao
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
ISO 639-2/B code: yao
ISO 639-2/T code: yao

Yapese
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
ISO 639-2/B code: yap
ISO 639-2/T code: yap

Yiddish
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: אידיש @yi
alternative label: ייִדיש @yi
alternative label: יידיש @yi
ISO 639-1 code: yi
ISO 639-2/B code: yid
ISO 639-2/T code: yid

Yoruba
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: èdè Yorùbá @yo
ISO 639-1 code: yo
ISO 639-2/B code: yor
ISO 639-2/T code: yor

Zapotec
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Diidxazá
ISO 639-2/B code: zap
ISO 639-2/T code: zap

Blissymbols
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Bliss
alternative label: Blissymbolics
ISO 639-2/B code: zbl
ISO 639-2/T code: zbl

Zenaga
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Tuḍḍungiyya
ISO 639-2/B code: zen
ISO 639-2/T code: zen

Standard Moroccan Tamazight
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ
ISO 639-2/B code: zgh
ISO 639-2/T code: zgh

Zhuang
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Chuang
alternative label: Vahcuengh @za
alternative label: 話僮 @za
ISO 639-1 code: za
ISO 639-2/B code: zha
ISO 639-2/T code: zha

Zulu
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: isiZulu @zu
ISO 639-1 code: zu
ISO 639-2/B code: zul
ISO 639-2/T code: zul

Zuni
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Shiwi'ma
ISO 639-2/B code: zun
ISO 639-2/T code: zun

Zaza
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Dimili
alternative label: Dimli
alternative label: Kirdki
alternative label: Kirmanjki
alternative label: Zazaki
ISO 639-2/B code: zza
ISO 639-2/T code: zza

Afar
type: NamedIndividual
type: language
alternative label: Afaraf @aa
alternative label: Qafar af @aa
alternative label: Qafaraf @aa
alternative label: ’Afar Af @aa
ISO 639-1 code: aa
ISO 639-2/B code: aar
ISO 639-2/T code: aar

S. Clint Dowland
type: NamedIndividual
description: Researcher ORCID=0000-0003-1909-9269

Axiom
annotated source: S. Clint Dowland
annotated property: description
annotated target: Researcher ORCID=0000-0003-1909-9269
source: Q123250399

Axiom
annotated source: S. Clint Dowland
annotated property: label
annotated target: S. Clint Dowland
source: Q123250399

enabling an MF enables its parts
comment: GP(X)-enables->MF(Y)-has_part->MF(Z) => GP(X) enables MF(Z), e.g. if GP X enables ATPase coupled transporter activity' and 'ATPase coupled transporter activity' has_part 'ATPase activity' then GP(X) enables 'ATPase activity'
type: Imp
body: ClassAtom
  class predicate: molecular_function
  argument1: y
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: enables
  argument1: x
  argument2: y
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: has part
  argument1: y
  argument2: z
head: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: enables
  argument1: x
  argument2: z

inferring direct reg edge from input to regulatory subfunction
comment: If a molecular function (X) has a regulatory subfunction, then any gene product which is an input to that subfunction has an activity that directly_regulates X. Note: this is intended for cases where the regaultory subfunction is protein binding, so it could be tightened with an additional clause to specify this.
type: Imp
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: input of
  argument1: B
  argument2: C
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: enabled by
  argument1: A
  argument2: B
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: has regulatory component activity
  argument1: D
  argument2: C
head: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: directly regulates
  argument1: A
  argument2: D

inferring direct neg reg edge from input to regulatory subfunction
type: Imp
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: input of
  argument1: B
  argument2: C
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: enabled by
  argument1: A
  argument2: B
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: has negative regulatory component activity
  argument1: D
  argument2: C
head: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: directly negatively regulates
  argument1: A
  argument2: D

inferring direct positive reg edge from input to regulatory subfunction
type: Imp
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: input of
  argument1: B
  argument2: C
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: enabled by
  argument1: A
  argument2: B
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: has positive regulatory component activity
  argument1: D
  argument2: C
head: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: directly positively regulates
  argument1: A
  argument2: D

effector input is compound function input
type: Imp
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: has effector activity
  argument1: mf
  argument2: eff
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: has input
  argument1: eff
  argument2: in
head: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: has input
  argument1: mf
  argument2: in

Input of effector is input of its parent MF
type: Imp
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: has effector activity
  argument1: mf
  argument2: eff
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: has input
  argument1: mf
  argument2: in
head: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: has input
  argument1: eff
  argument2: in

Imp
comment: if effector directly regulates X, its parent MF directly regulates X
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: directly regulates
  argument1: mf
  argument2: mf2
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: has effector activity
  argument1: mf
  argument2: eff
head: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: directly regulates
  argument1: eff
  argument2: mf2

Imp
comment: if effector directly positively regulates X, its parent MF directly positively regulates X
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: has effector activity
  argument1: mf
  argument2: eff
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: directly positively regulates
  argument1: mf
  argument2: mf2
head: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: directly positively regulates
  argument1: eff
  argument2: mf2

if effector directly negatively regulates X, its parent MF directly negatively regulates X
type: Imp
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: directly negatively regulates
  argument1: mf
  argument2: mf2
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: has effector activity
  argument1: mf
  argument2: eff
head: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: directly negatively regulates
  argument1: eff
  argument2: mf2

'causally downstream of' and 'overlaps' should be disjoint properties (a SWRL rule is required because these are non-simple properties).
type: Imp
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: overlaps
  argument1: x
  argument2: y
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: causally downstream of
  argument1: x
  argument2: y
head: ClassAtom
  class predicate: Nothing
  argument1: y
head: ClassAtom
  class predicate: Nothing
  argument1: x

'causally upstream of' and 'overlaps' should be disjoint properties (a SWRL rule is required because these are non-simple properties).
type: Imp
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: overlaps
  argument1: x
  argument2: y
body: IndividualPropertyAtom
  property predicate: causally upstream of
  argument1: x
  argument2: y
head: ClassAtom
  class predicate: Nothing
  argument1: y
head: ClassAtom
  class predicate: Nothing
  argument1: x