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        "#%%\n",
        "\"\"\"File 03scale.py\n",
        "\n",
        ":author: Michel Bierlaire, EPFL\n",
        ":date: Thu Sep  6 15:14:39 2018\n",
        "\n",
        " Illustrates heteroscedastic specification. A different scale is\n",
        " associated with different segments of the sample.\n",
        " Three alternatives: Train, Car and Swissmetro\n",
        " SP data\n",
        "\n",
        "\"\"\"\n",
        "\n",
        "import pandas as pd\n",
        "import biogeme.database as db\n",
        "import biogeme.biogeme as bio\n",
        "from biogeme import models\n",
        "import biogeme.messaging as msg\n",
        "from biogeme.expressions import Beta, DefineVariable\n",
        "\n",
        "# Read the data\n",
        "df = pd.read_csv('swissmetro.dat', sep='\\t')\n",
        "database = db.Database('swissmetro', df)\n",
        "\n",
        "# The Pandas data structure is available as database.data. Use all the\n",
        "# Pandas functions to investigate the database. For example:\n",
        "# print(database.data.describe())\n",
        "\n",
        "# The following statement allows you to use the names of the variable\n",
        "# as Python variable.\n",
        "globals().update(database.variables)\n",
        "\n",
        "# Removing some observations can be done directly using pandas.\n",
        "# remove = (((database.data.PURPOSE != 1) &\n",
        "#           (database.data.PURPOSE != 3)) |\n",
        "#          (database.data.CHOICE == 0))\n",
        "# database.data.drop(database.data[remove].index,inplace=True)\n",
        "\n",
        "# Here we use the \"biogeme\" way for backward compatibility\n",
        "exclude = ((PURPOSE != 1) * (PURPOSE != 3) + (CHOICE == 0)) > 0\n",
        "database.remove(exclude)\n",
        "\n",
        "# Parameters to be estimated\n",
        "ASC_CAR = Beta('ASC_CAR', 0, None, None, 0)\n",
        "ASC_TRAIN = Beta('ASC_TRAIN', 0, None, None, 0)\n",
        "ASC_SM = Beta('ASC_SM', 0, None, None, 1)\n",
        "B_TIME = Beta('B_TIME', 0, None, None, 0)\n",
        "B_COST = Beta('B_COST', 0, None, None, 0)\n",
        "Scale_group3 = Beta('Scale_group3', 1, 0.001, None, 0)\n",
        "\n",
        "# Definition of new variables\n",
        "SM_COST = SM_CO * (GA == 0)\n",
        "TRAIN_COST = TRAIN_CO * (GA == 0)\n",
        "\n",
        "# Definition of new variables: adding columns to the database\n",
        "CAR_AV_SP = DefineVariable('CAR_AV_SP', CAR_AV * (SP != 0), database)\n",
        "TRAIN_AV_SP = DefineVariable('TRAIN_AV_SP', TRAIN_AV * (SP != 0), database)\n",
        "TRAIN_TT_SCALED = DefineVariable('TRAIN_TT_SCALED', TRAIN_TT / 100.0, database)\n",
        "TRAIN_COST_SCALED = DefineVariable(\n",
        "    'TRAIN_COST_SCALED', TRAIN_COST / 100, database\n",
        ")\n",
        "SM_TT_SCALED = DefineVariable('SM_TT_SCALED', SM_TT / 100.0, database)\n",
        "SM_COST_SCALED = DefineVariable('SM_COST_SCALED', SM_COST / 100, database)\n",
        "CAR_TT_SCALED = DefineVariable('CAR_TT_SCALED', CAR_TT / 100, database)\n",
        "CAR_CO_SCALED = DefineVariable('CAR_CO_SCALED', CAR_CO / 100, database)\n",
        "\n",
        "# Definition of the utility functions\n",
        "V1 = ASC_TRAIN + B_TIME * TRAIN_TT_SCALED + B_COST * TRAIN_COST_SCALED\n",
        "V2 = ASC_SM + B_TIME * SM_TT_SCALED + B_COST * SM_COST_SCALED\n",
        "V3 = ASC_CAR + B_TIME * CAR_TT_SCALED + B_COST * CAR_CO_SCALED\n",
        "\n",
        "# Scale associated with group 3 is estimated\n",
        "scale = (GROUP != 3) + (GROUP == 3) * Scale_group3\n",
        "\n",
        "# Scale the utility functions, and associate them with the numbering\n",
        "# of alternatives\n",
        "V = {1: scale * V1, 2: scale * V2, 3: scale * V3}\n",
        "\n",
        "# Associate the availability conditions with the alternatives\n",
        "av = {1: TRAIN_AV_SP, 2: SM_AV, 3: CAR_AV_SP}\n",
        "\n",
        "# Definition of the model. This is the contribution of each\n",
        "# observation to the log likelihood function.\n",
        "logprob = models.loglogit(V, av, CHOICE)\n",
        "\n",
        "# Define level of verbosity\n",
        "logger = msg.bioMessage()\n",
        "logger.setSilent()\n",
        "# logger.setWarning()\n",
        "# logger.setGeneral()\n",
        "# logger.setDetailed()\n",
        "\n",
        "# These notes will be included as such in the report file.\n",
        "userNotes = (\n",
        "    'Illustrates heteroscedastic specification. A different scale is'\n",
        "    ' associated with different segments of the sample.'\n",
        ")\n",
        "\n",
        "# Create the Biogeme object\n",
        "biogeme = bio.BIOGEME(database, logprob, userNotes=userNotes)\n",
        "biogeme.modelName = '03scale'\n",
        "\n",
        "# Estimate the parameters\n",
        "results = biogeme.estimate()\n",
        "pandasResults = results.getEstimatedParameters()\n",
        "print(pandasResults)\n"
      ],
      "outputs": [],
      "execution_count": null
    }
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