--- title: 'The faulthandler Revelation: Solving a Deceptive Mac Segmentation Fault' permalink: /futureproof/python-mac-segmentation-fault-faulthandler/ description: "I just spent days chasing a ghost. A `Segmentation fault: 11` was crashing\ \ my app on Mac, and every logical step\u2014pinning dependencies, comparing versions\u2014\ led me in circles. The AI and I were convinced it was a voice synthesis library.\ \ We were wrong. The breakthrough finally came when I used Python's `faulthandler`,\ \ a tool I wish the AI had suggested on day one. It immediately pointed to a completely\ \ unrelated library, `apsw`. It's a humbling reminder that sometimes the most frustrating\ \ bugs aren't solved by deduction, but by using the right diagnostic tool from the\ \ start." meta_description: 'A deep dive into a multi-day debugging session of a Python ''Segmentation fault: 11'' on macOS, revealing how the faulthandler module uncovered the true culprit.' meta_keywords: Python, segmentation fault, segfault 11, macOS, faulthandler, debugging, pip-compile, apsw, onnxruntime, Nix environment layout: post sort_order: 4 --- ## Setting the Stage: Context for the Curious Book Reader This is a raw, unfiltered look into the debugging trenches. What you're about to read is the real-time log of a developer and an AI collaborator going in circles for days, trying to solve a catastrophic 'Segmentation fault: 11' on a Mac. It's a story of chasing red herrings, wrestling with dependency hell, and mounting frustration. More importantly, it's a story about the pivotal moment when the right tool—in this case, Python's `faulthandler` module—instantly illuminates a problem that hours of logical deduction could not. This entry stands as a powerful testament to the fact that for some bugs, the most important question isn't 'what's wrong?' but 'how can I make the crash tell me what's wrong?' --- ## Technical Journal Entry Begins Okay, I just had to cut that last article. The Mac Segmentation Fault error popping up is a real punch to the stomach, but I should have seen it. Any attempt to un-pin the requirements as set by the pinned diff's here: [Known good requirements.txt pins](https://github.com/miklevin/pipulate/blob/153c081b96e7766a4d1de4baf50baff02df1e50b/requirements.txt) ...results in something along these lines: ```log Building wheels for collected packages: pipulate Building editable for pipulate (pyproject.toml) ... done Created wheel for pipulate: filename=pipulate-1.3.9-0.editable-py3-none-any.whl size=36639 sha256=f9f0efc5013d6177763f36c3cd20e420f8e1a4b9964769ab10e355d6a637f1dd Stored in directory: /private/tmp/nix-shell.eTCFHW/pip-ephem-wheel-cache-lpsjwla4/wheels/8e/ef/b8/ddd6edf2abff37e075a0adaff27ed4405fafd040078cebda28 Successfully built pipulate Installing collected packages: pipulate Successfully installed pipulate-1.3.9 ✅ Fresh Python environment build complete! 286 packages installed. - numpy is importable (good to go!) Starting JupyterLab and Botifython server automatically... Both will open in your browser... To view server logs: tmux attach -t server To view JupyterLab logs: tmux attach -t jupyter To stop all services: pkill tmux To restart all services: run-all To start only server: run-server To start only JupyterLab: run-jupyter INFO: Creating a local 'Hello World' example notebook... Your work will be saved in 'Notebooks/hello_world.ipynb'. INFO: Creating a local 'Faquillizer' master template notebook... Your work will be saved in 'Notebooks/workflow.ipynb'. INFO: Creating a local 'secretsauce.py' helper file... Your work will be saved in 'Notebooks/secretsauce.py'. Starting JupyterLab... Waiting for JupyterLab to start (checking http://localhost:8888)... .....................✅ JupyterLab is ready at http://localhost:8888! Starting Botifython server in the foreground... Press Ctrl+C to stop the server. Pulling latest code updates... Already up to date. Waiting for Botifython server to start (checking http://localhost:5001)... ✅ Data directory ensured at top of script. .🎤 Voice synthesis not available: No module named 'piper' 🎤 Voice synthesis not available: No module named 'piper' /nix/store/a4dz18dcrn6w0ka8lhhrrmjzb544slfz-run-script/bin/run-script: line 290: 33914 Segmentation fault: 11 python server.py (nix:nix-shell-env) (nix) MichaelMacBook-Pro:Botifython michaellevin$ ............................. ## The Real Culprit Unmasked by the Traceback ⚠️ Server didn't start within 30 seconds, but continuing... (nix:nix-shell-env) (nix) MichaelMacBook-Pro:Botifython michaellevin$ ``` ## The Mysterious Mac Segmentation Fault This is a compiled Mac dependency under the `pip install` system that's having a bad interaction with something else. It's not merely a question of including something in requirements.txt or not. Nor is it the obvious pin it on `tts-piper` which I can see might actually be left out now, but that's the thing that all the clues also point to being where there's a problem, but the voice synthesis works just fine on the Mac when using the giant pinned list of dependencies. Okay, so Gemini explained to me now the difference between a `requirements.in` and a `reqirements.txt` file. This is more Python packaging arcana. I will power through this too. Gemini also laid this little gem on me: > The modern way to declare build-time dependencies for a Python project is in a > pyproject.toml file. ...so I'm going to have to look into that too. There is this list in there: ```toml dependencies = [ "python-fasthtml>=0.6.9", "python-multipart>=0.0.6", "selenium>=4.11.2", "aiohttp>=3.8.0", "nest-asyncio>=1.5.6", "rich>=13.0.0", "python-dotenv>=1.0.0", "psutil>=5.9.0", "loguru>=0.7.2", "pyfiglet>=1.0.0" ] ``` But that's not anywhere near inclusive. And I do know of one dependency that absolutely needs to be pinned for Selenium Wire, but I'm not exactly sure to which version: - blinker==1.6.2 - blinker==1.7.0 And then finally, there's a sort of build process that gives me hope of clearing everything up once and for all. It pre-resolves all the versions and outputs them to a pinned requirements.txt file: ```bash pip install pip-tools && pip-compile requirements.in -o requirements.txt --upgrade ``` Now the thing that gives me such hope here is that I can actually run this on the Mac which is giving me all this `Segmentation fault: 11` nonsense and hopefully because I'm running it on the Mac it will be able to pinpoint the problem that only occurs on the Mac better. And I can move my development system over from NixOS to Mac super-duper easy because the *runtime environment is the developer environment!* And here is that attempt: ```zsh Last login: Wed Oct 8 13:04:43 on ttys000 michaellevin@MichaelMacBook-Pro ~ % rm -rf ~/Botifython curl -L https://pipulate.com/install.sh | sh -s Botifython cd ~/Botifython nix develop % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed 100 9589 100 9589 0 0 157k 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 158k -------------------------------------------------------------- 🚀 Welcome to Pipulate Installer 🚀 Free and Open Source SEO Software -------------------------------------------------------------- 🔍 Checking prerequisites... ✅ All required tools found. 📁 Checking target directory: /Users/michaellevin/Botifython ✅ Target directory is available. 📁 Creating directory '/Users/michaellevin/Botifython' 📥 Downloading Pipulate source code... % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 0 100 2443k 0 2443k 0 0 4562k 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 18.0M ✅ Download complete. 📦 Extracting source code... ✅ Extraction complete. Source code installed to '/Users/michaellevin/Botifython'. 📍 Now in directory: /Users/michaellevin/Botifython 🔑 Setting up deployment key... Fetching deployment key from https://pipulate.com/key.rot... ✅ Deployment key downloaded successfully. 🔒 Deployment key file saved and secured. 🚀 Starting Pipulate environment... -------------------------------------------------------------- All set! Pipulate is installed at: /Users/michaellevin/Botifython To use Pipulate in the future, simply run: cd /Users/michaellevin/Botifython && nix develop -------------------------------------------------------------- Setting up app identity as 'Botifython'... ✅ Application identity set. Creating startup convenience script... Pipulate Installer v1.0.2 - Test checkpoint reached Setup complete! To start using Pipulate, run: cd /Users/michaellevin/Botifython nix develop This will activate the Nix development environment and complete the 'magic cookie' transformation process. warning: creating lock file '"/Users/michaellevin/Botifython/flake.lock"': • Added input 'flake-utils': 'github:numtide/flake-utils/11707dc2f618dd54ca8739b309ec4fc024de578b?narHash=sha256-l0KFg5HjrsfsO/JpG%2Br7fRrqm12kzFHyUHqHCVpMMbI%3D' (2024-11-13) • Added input 'flake-utils/systems': 'github:nix-systems/default/da67096a3b9bf56a91d16901293e51ba5b49a27e?narHash=sha256-Vy1rq5AaRuLzOxct8nz4T6wlgyUR7zLU309k9mBC768%3D' (2023-04-09) • Added input 'nixpkgs': 'github:NixOS/nixpkgs/c9b6fb798541223bbb396d287d16f43520250518?narHash=sha256-vgPm2xjOmKdZ0xKA6yLXPJpjOtQPHfaZDRtH%2B47XEBo%3D' (2025-10-07) 🔄 Transforming installation into git repository... Creating temporary clone in /tmp/nix-shell.eTCFHW/tmp.3D2wpSyHew... Cloning into '/tmp/nix-shell.eTCFHW/tmp.3D2wpSyHew'... remote: Enumerating objects: 221, done. remote: Counting objects: 100% (221/221), done. remote: Compressing objects: 100% (187/187), done. remote: Total 221 (delta 26), reused 129 (delta 23), pack-reused 0 (from 0) Receiving objects: 100% (221/221), 2.23 MiB | 14.76 MiB/s, done. Resolving deltas: 100% (26/26), done. Preserving app identity and credentials... Creating backup of current directory in /tmp/nix-shell.eTCFHW/tmp.ytjINdpr8Q... Moving git repository into place... ✅ Successfully transformed into git repository! Original files backed up to: /tmp/nix-shell.eTCFHW/tmp.ytjINdpr8Q Checking for updates... Resolving any existing conflicts... HEAD is now at 1bde1e4 Added pyfiglet dependency back in Temporarily stashing local JupyterLab settings... From https://github.com/miklevin/pipulate * branch main -> FETCH_HEAD Already up to date. Restoring local JupyterLab settings... INFO: EFFECTIVE_OS set to: darwin Updating remote URL to use SSH... Entering standard environment with auto-updates... ____ _ _ __ _ _ | __ ) ___ | |_(_)/ _|_ _| |_| |__ ___ _ __ | _ \ / _ \| __| | |_| | | | __| '_ \ / _ \| '_ \ | |_) | (_) | |_| | _| |_| | |_| | | | (_) | | | | |____/ \___/ \__|_|_| \__, |\__|_| |_|\___/|_| |_| |___/ Version: 1.3.9 (Using a requirements.in file) ✓ In Nix shell v1.3.9 (Using a requirements.in file) - you can run python server.py Welcome to the Botifython development environment on aarch64-darwin! ✓ JupyterLab configured for project-local settings. 🔧 Fresh Python environment detected - installing packages (this may take 2-3 minutes)... This is normal on a fresh install or after using '🐍 Reset Python Environment' button. 🔧 Pip verbose mode enabled. Requirement already satisfied: pip in ./.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages (25.0.1) Collecting pip Using cached pip-25.2-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (4.7 kB) Using cached pip-25.2-py3-none-any.whl (1.8 MB) Installing collected packages: pip Attempting uninstall: pip Found existing installation: pip 25.0.1 Uninstalling pip-25.0.1: Successfully uninstalled pip-25.0.1 Successfully installed pip-25.2 [Lots of stuff deleted] ✅ Fresh Python environment build complete! 286 packages installed. - numpy is importable (good to go!) Starting JupyterLab and Botifython server automatically... Both will open in your browser... To view server logs: tmux attach -t server To view JupyterLab logs: tmux attach -t jupyter To stop all services: pkill tmux To restart all services: run-all To start only server: run-server To start only JupyterLab: run-jupyter INFO: Creating a local 'Hello World' example notebook... Your work will be saved in 'Notebooks/hello_world.ipynb'. INFO: Creating a local 'Faquillizer' master template notebook... Your work will be saved in 'Notebooks/workflow.ipynb'. INFO: Creating a local 'secretsauce.py' helper file... Your work will be saved in 'Notebooks/secretsauce.py'. Starting JupyterLab... Waiting for JupyterLab to start (checking http://localhost:8888)... .....................✅ JupyterLab is ready at http://localhost:8888! Starting Botifython server in the foreground... Press Ctrl+C to stop the server. Pulling latest code updates... Already up to date. Waiting for Botifython server to start (checking http://localhost:5001)... ✅ Data directory ensured at top of script. .🎤 Voice synthesis not available: No module named 'piper' 🎤 Voice synthesis not available: No module named 'piper' /nix/store/a4dz18dcrn6w0ka8lhhrrmjzb544slfz-run-script/bin/run-script: line 290: 33914 Segmentation fault: 11 python server.py (nix:nix-shell-env) (nix) MichaelMacBook-Pro:Botifython michaellevin$ ............................. ⚠️ Server didn't start within 30 seconds, but continuing... (nix:nix-shell-env) (nix) MichaelMacBook-Pro:Botifython michaellevin$ git pull Already up to date. (nix:nix-shell-env) (nix) MichaelMacBook-Pro:Botifython michaellevin$ pip install pip-tools Collecting pip-tools Downloading pip_tools-7.5.1-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (26 kB) Collecting build>=1.0.0 (from pip-tools) Using cached build-1.3.0-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (5.6 kB) Requirement already satisfied: click>=8 in ./.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages (from pip-tools) (8.1.8) Requirement already satisfied: pip>=22.2 in ./.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages (from pip-tools) (25.2) Collecting pyproject_hooks (from pip-tools) Using cached pyproject_hooks-1.2.0-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (1.3 kB) Requirement already satisfied: setuptools in ./.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages (from pip-tools) (80.9.0) Collecting wheel (from pip-tools) Downloading wheel-0.45.1-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (2.3 kB) Requirement already satisfied: packaging>=19.1 in ./.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages (from build>=1.0.0->pip-tools) (25.0) Downloading pip_tools-7.5.1-py3-none-any.whl (65 kB) Using cached build-1.3.0-py3-none-any.whl (23 kB) Using cached pyproject_hooks-1.2.0-py3-none-any.whl (10 kB) Downloading wheel-0.45.1-py3-none-any.whl (72 kB) Installing collected packages: wheel, pyproject_hooks, build, pip-tools Successfully installed build-1.3.0 pip-tools-7.5.1 pyproject_hooks-1.2.0 wheel-0.45.1 (nix:nix-shell-env) (nix) MichaelMacBook-Pro:Botifython michaellevin$ pip compile requirements.in -o requirements.txt upgrade ERROR: unknown command "compile" - maybe you meant "completion" (nix:nix-shell-env) (nix) MichaelMacBook-Pro:Botifython michaellevin$ pip-compile requirements.in -o requirements.txt upgrade Usage: pip-compile [OPTIONS] [SRC_FILES]... Try 'pip-compile -h' for help. Error: Invalid value for '[SRC_FILES]...': Path 'upgrade' does not exist. (nix:nix-shell-env) (nix) MichaelMacBook-Pro:Botifython michaellevin$ pip-compile requirements.in -o requirements.txt --upgrade WARNING: --strip-extras is becoming the default in version 8.0.0. To silence this warning, either use --strip-extras to opt into the new default or use --no-strip-extras to retain the existing behavior. # # This file is autogenerated by pip-compile with Python 3.12 # by the following command: # # pip-compile --output-file=requirements.txt requirements.in # [Lots of stuff deleted] ``` And here's the diff: ```diff (nix:nix-shell-env) (nix) MichaelMacBook-Pro:Botifython michaellevin$ git diff diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt index 6e00444..0854d7d 100644 --- a/requirements.txt +++ b/requirements.txt @@ -31,6 +31,8 @@ anyio==4.11.0 # openai # starlette # watchfiles +appnope==0.1.4 + # via ipykernel apsw==3.50.4.0 # via apswutils apswutils==0.1.0 @@ -252,8 +254,6 @@ googleapis-common-protos[grpc]==1.70.0 # grpcio-status gpt4all==2.8.2 # via jupyter-ai-magics -greenlet==3.2.4 - # via sqlalchemy grpc-google-iam-v1==0.14.2 # via google-cloud-resource-manager grpcio==1.75.1 @@ -602,7 +602,7 @@ pillow==11.3.0 # jupyter-ai-magics # matplotlib # together -platformdirs==4.4.0 +platformdirs==4.5.0 # via # jupyter-core # pylint (nix:nix-shell-env) (nix) MichaelMacBook-Pro:Botifython michaellevin$ exit exit Saving session... ...copying shared history... ...saving history...truncating history files... ...completed. michaellevin@MichaelMacBook-Pro Botifython % nix develop .#quiet warning: creating lock file '"/Users/michaellevin/Botifython/flake.lock"': • Added input 'flake-utils': 'github:numtide/flake-utils/11707dc2f618dd54ca8739b309ec4fc024de578b?narHash=sha256-l0KFg5HjrsfsO/JpG%2Br7fRrqm12kzFHyUHqHCVpMMbI%3D' (2024-11-13) • Added input 'flake-utils/systems': 'github:nix-systems/default/da67096a3b9bf56a91d16901293e51ba5b49a27e?narHash=sha256-Vy1rq5AaRuLzOxct8nz4T6wlgyUR7zLU309k9mBC768%3D' (2023-04-09) • Added input 'nixpkgs': 'github:NixOS/nixpkgs/c9b6fb798541223bbb396d287d16f43520250518?narHash=sha256-vgPm2xjOmKdZ0xKA6yLXPJpjOtQPHfaZDRtH%2B47XEBo%3D' (2025-10-07) Restored session: Wed Oct 8 13:51:13 EDT 2025 (nix:nix-shell-env) MichaelMacBook-Pro:Botifython michaellevin$ python server.py ✅ Data directory ensured at top of script. 🎤 Voice synthesis not available: No module named 'piper' 🎤 Voice synthesis not available: No module named 'piper' Segmentation fault: 11 python server.py (nix:nix-shell-env) MichaelMacBook-Pro:Botifython michaellevin$ vim requirements.in (nix:nix-shell-env) MichaelMacBook-Pro:Botifython michaellevin$ pip install piper-tts Collecting piper-tts Using cached piper_tts-1.3.0-cp39-abi3-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl.metadata (4.4 kB) Collecting onnxruntime<2,>=1 (from piper-tts) Downloading onnxruntime-1.23.1-cp312-cp312-macosx_13_0_arm64.whl.metadata (5.0 kB) Collecting coloredlogs (from onnxruntime<2,>=1->piper-tts) Using cached coloredlogs-15.0.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl.metadata (12 kB) Collecting flatbuffers (from onnxruntime<2,>=1->piper-tts) Using cached flatbuffers-25.9.23-py2.py3-none-any.whl.metadata (875 bytes) Requirement already satisfied: numpy>=1.21.6 in ./.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages (from onnxruntime<2,>=1->piper-tts) (2.3.3) Requirement already satisfied: packaging in ./.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages (from onnxruntime<2,>=1->piper-tts) (25.0) Requirement already satisfied: protobuf in ./.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages (from onnxruntime<2,>=1->piper-tts) (5.29.5) Collecting sympy (from onnxruntime<2,>=1->piper-tts) Using cached sympy-1.14.0-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (12 kB) Collecting humanfriendly>=9.1 (from coloredlogs->onnxruntime<2,>=1->piper-tts) Using cached humanfriendly-10.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl.metadata (9.2 kB) Collecting mpmath<1.4,>=1.1.0 (from sympy->onnxruntime<2,>=1->piper-tts) Using cached mpmath-1.3.0-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (8.6 kB) Using cached piper_tts-1.3.0-cp39-abi3-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl (13.8 MB) Downloading onnxruntime-1.23.1-cp312-cp312-macosx_13_0_arm64.whl (17.2 MB) ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 17.2/17.2 MB 33.4 MB/s 0:00:00 Using cached coloredlogs-15.0.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (46 kB) Using cached humanfriendly-10.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (86 kB) Using cached flatbuffers-25.9.23-py2.py3-none-any.whl (30 kB) Using cached sympy-1.14.0-py3-none-any.whl (6.3 MB) Using cached mpmath-1.3.0-py3-none-any.whl (536 kB) Installing collected packages: mpmath, flatbuffers, sympy, humanfriendly, coloredlogs, onnxruntime, piper-tts Successfully installed coloredlogs-15.0.1 flatbuffers-25.9.23 humanfriendly-10.0 mpmath-1.3.0 onnxruntime-1.23.1 piper-tts-1.3.0 sympy-1.14.0 (nix:nix-shell-env) MichaelMacBook-Pro:Botifython michaellevin$ python server.py ✅ Data directory ensured at top of script. /Users/michaellevin/Botifython/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/huggingface_hub/file_download.py:982: UserWarning: `local_dir_use_symlinks` parameter is deprecated and will be ignored. The process to download files to a local folder has been updated and do not rely on symlinks anymore. You only need to pass a destination folder as`local_dir`. For more details, check out https://huggingface.co/docs/huggingface_hub/main/en/guides/download#download-files-to-local-folder. warnings.warn( en/en_US/amy/low/en_US-amy-low.onnx: 100%|███████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████| 63.1M/63.1M [00:01<00:00, 53.5MB/s] en_US-amy-low.onnx.json: 4.16kB [00:00, 16.8MB/s] Segmentation fault: 11 python server.py (nix:nix-shell-env) MichaelMacBook-Pro:Botifython michaellevin$ /nix/store/d5bvj78dzx6wjnz13vawcjb3pa5hpdkv-python3-3.12.11/lib/python3.12/multiprocessing/resource_tracker.py:279: UserWarning: resource_tracker: There appear to be 1 leaked semaphore objects to clean up at shutdown warnings.warn('resource_tracker: There appear to be %d ' ``` **Gemini**: Of course. The `Segmentation fault: 11` you're hitting is a classic C-level crash, and your diagnosis is spot on: it's a bad interaction with a compiled dependency on your Mac. The logs point directly to the culprit. The issue is almost certainly with **`onnxruntime`**, a core, compiled dependency of `piper-tts`. When you run `pip-compile --upgrade`, it's grabbing the latest version of `onnxruntime`, which has a binary incompatibility with your specific macOS/Nix environment setup, leading to the segmentation fault when `piper-tts` tries to load its model. The fact that the error occurs *after* the voice model downloads is the smoking gun. The very next step is for `piper-tts` to load that `.onnx` model file into memory using the `onnxruntime` library, and that's when it crashes. ----- ## 🎯 The Fix: Pin the Problematic Package Your strategy of using `pip-compile` is correct, but you need to give it a hint. You must constrain the version of `piper-tts` and/or `onnxruntime` in your `requirements.in` file to prevent it from being upgraded to the problematic version. ### Step 1: Identify the Working Version First, check your old, working `requirements.txt` file (the one from the GitHub link) to see which versions of `piper-tts` and `onnxruntime` it was using. Let's assume for this example it was `piper-tts==1.2.0` and `onnxruntime==1.15.1`. ### Step 2: Modify `requirements.in` Edit your `requirements.in` file to explicitly add the known-good version of `piper-tts`. This tells `pip-compile` to use this specific version and resolve other dependencies around it. ```text # requirements.in # ... your other high-level dependencies ... beautifulsoup4 google-generativeai ipywidgets isort itables jupyter-ai[all] jupyterlab langchain langchain-community langchain-google-genai langchain-openai loguru lxml matplotlib nbstripout numpy openpyxl pandas pyfiglet pylint python-dotenv python-fasthtml requests scikit-learn selenium undetected-chromedriver vulture watchdog webdriver-manager yapf # Pin the package causing the segfault piper-tts==1.2.0 # Or whatever version was in your working file ``` Adding just `piper-tts` is often enough, as `pip-compile` will then select the version of `onnxruntime` that `piper-tts==1.2.0` specifies. ### Step 3: Re-compile and Re-install 1. **Correct the `pip-compile` command.** You had a small syntax error in your attempt. The `upgrade` flag is `--upgrade`, not a positional argument. 2. **Run the command:** ```bash pip-compile requirements.in -o requirements.txt --upgrade ``` This will regenerate `requirements.txt`, upgrading everything *except* for `piper-tts` and its direct dependencies, which are now constrained. 3. **Perform a clean install.** It's best to remove the old virtual environment to ensure no old packages are lingering. ```bash rm -rf .venv nix develop ``` Your startup script should automatically detect the missing `.venv` and reinstall everything from your new, correct `requirements.txt`. ## Chasing Red Herrings with `pip-compile` This should resolve the segmentation fault by forcing pip to install the older, stable binary of `onnxruntime` that is compatible with your Mac. ----- ### 🚀 A Better Way: Using `pyproject.toml` You're right to look at `pyproject.toml`. It's the modern, standardized way to manage dependencies. `pip-tools` can read directly from it, which cleans up your project root by removing the need for `requirements.in`. You can move your high-level dependencies from `requirements.in` into `pyproject.toml` like this: ```toml # pyproject.toml [project] name = "pipulate" version = "1.3.9" # ... other metadata ... dependencies = [ "python-fasthtml>=0.12.29", "beautifulsoup4", "google-generativeai", "ipywidgets", # ... etc ... "piper-tts==1.2.0", # Pin the problem package here ] # ... rest of the file ... ``` Then, you can compile your `requirements.txt` directly from this file: ```bash pip-compile pyproject.toml -o requirements.txt --upgrade ``` This is a cleaner, more standard workflow for managing your project's dependencies. **Me**: This is the last known pinned working versions: [Known good requirements.txt pins](https://github.com/miklevin/pipulate/blob/153c081b96e7766a4d1de4baf50baff02df1e50b/requirements.txt) **Gemini**: Excellent, this is exactly what we need. The list confirms the last known good combination. The key versions are: * **`piper-tts==1.3.0`** * **`onnxruntime==1.22.1`** This confirms our theory. When you ran `pip-compile --upgrade`, it likely grabbed a newer version of `onnxruntime` (like `1.23.1` from your log) which is causing the segmentation fault. The solution remains the same, but now we can use these precise versions. ----- ### 🛠️ Plan of Action 1. **Modify `requirements.in`** Update your `requirements.in` file to pin `piper-tts` to its last working version. This is the cleanest approach, as `pip-compile` should then select the correct version of `onnxruntime` that `piper-tts==1.3.0` depends on. ```text # requirements.in # ... your other dependencies ... webdriver-manager yapf # Pin the package causing the segfault to its last known good version piper-tts==1.3.0 ``` 2. **Re-compile `requirements.txt`** Now, run the `pip-compile` command again. It will respect your new pin. ```bash pip-compile requirements.in -o requirements.txt --upgrade ``` 3. **Verify the Output** After the command finishes, open the newly generated `requirements.txt` and search for `onnxruntime`. You should see it locked to the correct version: ```plaintext # In requirements.txt ... onnxruntime==1.22.1 # via piper-tts ... piper-tts==1.3.0 # via -r requirements.in ... ``` If it's pinned to `1.22.1`, you are good to go. 4. **Perform a Clean Re-install** Finally, remove the broken environment and let your script rebuild it from the corrected `requirements.txt`. ```bash # Make sure you are outside the nix shell first exit # Now, from the project directory rm -rf .venv nix develop ``` Your `nix develop` command will now install the packages using the corrected lock file, which should resolve the `Segmentation fault: 11` for good. **Me**: I made a few changes such as adding in some missed selenium packages. I think when the AI helped me make a trimmed down `requirements.in` file it missed some stuff and I'll be adding it back in. I also deliberately pinned onnxruntime as a precaution. How does this look? ```bash [mike@nixos:~/repos/pipulate]$ git --no-pager diff diff --git a/requirements.in b/requirements.in index 743ea2cf..7d89882c 100644 --- a/requirements.in +++ b/requirements.in @@ -1,6 +1,10 @@ # Top-level dependencies for Pipulate # This file is used by pip-compile to generate requirements.txt +# The pinned problems +piper-tts==1.3.0 +blinker==1.6.2 + # Core AI and LangChain google-generativeai langchain @@ -29,6 +33,8 @@ uvicorn # Automation selenium +selenium-wire +selenium-stealth undetected-chromedriver webdriver-manager @@ -49,3 +55,4 @@ loguru rich watchdog pyfiglet + diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt index 6e004445..1aed0cda 100644 --- a/requirements.txt +++ b/requirements.txt @@ -67,6 +67,10 @@ beautifulsoup4==4.14.2 # python-fasthtml bleach[css]==6.2.0 # via nbconvert +blinker==1.6.2 + # via + # -r requirements.in + # selenium-wire boto3==1.40.47 # via # jupyter-ai-magics @@ -77,6 +81,8 @@ botocore==1.40.47 # s3transfer bottleneck==1.6.0 # via langchain-google-vertexai +brotli==1.1.0 + # via selenium-wire cachetools==6.2.0 # via # google-auth @@ -87,8 +93,11 @@ certifi==2025.10.5 # httpx # requests # selenium + # selenium-wire cffi==2.0.0 - # via argon2-cffi-bindings + # via + # argon2-cffi-bindings + # cryptography charset-normalizer==3.4.3 # via requests click==8.1.8 @@ -107,12 +116,16 @@ cohere==5.15.0 # via # jupyter-ai-magics # langchain-cohere +coloredlogs==15.0.1 + # via onnxruntime comm==0.2.3 # via # ipykernel # ipywidgets contourpy==1.3.3 # via matplotlib +cryptography==46.0.2 + # via pyopenssl cycler==0.12.1 # via matplotlib dask[distributed]==2025.9.1 @@ -166,7 +179,7 @@ fastlite==0.2.1 # via python-fasthtml feedparser==6.0.12 # via arxiv -filelock==3.19.1 +filelock==3.20.0 # via # huggingface-hub # together @@ -174,6 +187,8 @@ filetype==1.2.0 # via # langchain-google-genai # langchain-nvidia-ai-endpoints +flatbuffers==25.9.23 + # via onnxruntime fonttools==4.60.1 # via matplotlib fqdn==1.5.1 @@ -217,7 +232,7 @@ google-auth==2.41.1 # google-generativeai google-auth-httplib2==0.2.0 # via google-api-python-client -google-cloud-aiplatform==1.119.0 +google-cloud-aiplatform==1.120.0 # via langchain-google-vertexai google-cloud-bigquery==3.38.0 # via google-cloud-aiplatform @@ -269,8 +284,12 @@ h11==0.16.0 # httpcore # uvicorn # wsproto +h2==4.3.0 + # via selenium-wire hf-xet==1.1.10 # via huggingface-hub +hpack==4.1.0 + # via h2 httpcore==1.0.9 # via httpx httplib2==0.31.0 @@ -302,6 +321,12 @@ huggingface-hub==0.35.3 # via # jupyter-ai-magics # tokenizers +humanfriendly==10.0 + # via coloredlogs +hyperframe==6.1.0 + # via + # h2 + # selenium-wire idna==3.10 # via # anyio @@ -415,6 +440,8 @@ jupyterlab-widgets==3.0.15 # via ipywidgets jupytext==1.17.3 # via -r requirements.in +kaitaistruct==0.11 + # via selenium-wire kiwisolver==1.4.9 # via matplotlib langchain==0.3.27 @@ -505,6 +532,8 @@ mdurl==0.1.2 # via markdown-it-py mistune==3.1.4 # via nbconvert +mpmath==1.3.0 + # via sympy msgpack==1.1.2 # via distributed multidict==6.7.0 @@ -545,6 +574,7 @@ numpy==2.3.3 # langchain-community # matplotlib # numexpr + # onnxruntime # pandas # scikit-learn # scipy @@ -554,6 +584,8 @@ oauthlib==3.3.1 # via python-fasthtml ollama==0.6.0 # via langchain-ollama +onnxruntime==1.23.1 + # via piper-tts openai==2.2.0 # via langchain-openai openpyxl==3.1.5 @@ -584,6 +616,7 @@ packaging==25.0 # marshmallow # matplotlib # nbconvert + # onnxruntime # webdriver-manager pandas==2.3.3 # via @@ -602,7 +635,9 @@ pillow==11.3.0 # jupyter-ai-magics # matplotlib # together -platformdirs==4.4.0 +piper-tts==1.3.0 + # via -r requirements.in +platformdirs==4.5.0 # via # jupyter-core # pylint @@ -635,6 +670,7 @@ protobuf==5.29.5 # googleapis-common-protos # grpc-google-iam-v1 # grpcio-status + # onnxruntime # proto-plus psutil==7.1.0 # via @@ -652,6 +688,7 @@ pyasn1==0.6.1 # via # pyasn1-modules # rsa + # selenium-wire pyasn1-modules==0.4.2 # via google-auth pycparser==2.23 @@ -698,14 +735,19 @@ pygments==2.19.2 # rich pylint==3.3.9 # via -r requirements.in +pyopenssl==25.3.0 + # via selenium-wire pyparsing==3.2.5 # via # httplib2 # matplotlib + # selenium-wire pypdf==6.1.1 # via jupyter-ai pysocks==1.7.1 - # via urllib3 + # via + # selenium-wire + # urllib3 python-dateutil==2.9.0.post0 # via # arrow @@ -810,7 +852,13 @@ scipy==1.16.2 selenium==4.36.0 # via # -r requirements.in + # selenium-stealth + # selenium-wire # undetected-chromedriver +selenium-stealth==1.0.6 + # via -r requirements.in +selenium-wire==5.1.0 + # via -r requirements.in send2trash==1.8.3 # via jupyter-server sgmllib3k==1.0.0 @@ -844,6 +892,8 @@ stack-data==0.6.3 # via ipython starlette==0.48.0 # via python-fasthtml +sympy==1.14.0 + # via onnxruntime tabulate==0.9.0 # via together tblib==3.1.0 @@ -941,6 +991,7 @@ typing-extensions==4.15.0 # openai # pydantic # pydantic-core + # pyopenssl # referencing # selenium # sqlalchemy @@ -1005,7 +1056,9 @@ websockets==15.0.1 widgetsnbextension==4.0.14 # via ipywidgets wsproto==1.2.0 - # via trio-websocket + # via + # selenium-wire + # trio-websocket yapf==0.43.0 # via -r requirements.in yarl==1.22.0 @@ -1015,7 +1068,9 @@ zict==3.0.0 zipp==3.23.0 # via importlib-metadata zstandard==0.25.0 - # via langsmith + # via + # langsmith + # selenium-wire # The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file: # setuptools [mike@nixos:~/repos/pipulate]$ ``` **Gemini**: This looks like a great step forward, but there's **one critical adjustment** needed to prevent the segmentation fault. Your changes to `requirements.in` are logical, but they don't force `pip-compile` to use the older, working version of `onnxruntime`. ----- ### ✅ The Good Moves * **Adding `selenium-wire` and `selenium-stealth`:** This is the correct way to manage your top-level dependencies. If you use them directly in your project, they should be in `requirements.in`. * **Pinning `blinker==1.6.2`:** Excellent foresight. `selenium-wire` is known to have issues with newer versions of `blinker`, so pinning it is a very smart move to ensure stability. * **Pinning `piper-tts==1.3.0`:** This correctly locks the text-to-speech library to the version that worked. ----- ### 🚨 The Critical Fix The problem is that even though you pinned `piper-tts`, its package metadata doesn't require a *specific* version of `onnxruntime`. It just says it needs *a* version. So, when you ran `pip-compile --upgrade`, it did its job and fetched the latest available `onnxruntime`, which is `1.23.1`. Your `diff` shows this: ```diff +onnxruntime==1.23.1 +   # via piper-tts ``` This is the version we suspect is causing the segmentation fault on your Mac. The last known working version was `1.22.1`. **You need to explicitly pin `onnxruntime` in `requirements.in` as well.** Your `requirements.in` should look like this: ```plaintext # requirements.in # The pinned problems piper-tts==1.3.0 onnxruntime==1.22.1 # <-- Add this line blinker==1.6.2 # Core AI and LangChain # ... rest of the file ... ``` After adding that line, run the compile command one more time: ```bash pip-compile requirements.in -o requirements.txt --upgrade ``` This will force `pip-compile` to use the exact version of `onnxruntime` that you know works on the Mac. Once you commit these changes, your Mac installation should be stable. **Me**: Okay here's my new git diff: ```diff [mike@nixos:~/repos/pipulate]$ git --no-pager diff diff --git a/requirements.in b/requirements.in index 743ea2cf..1dbe5bad 100644 --- a/requirements.in +++ b/requirements.in @@ -1,6 +1,11 @@ # Top-level dependencies for Pipulate # This file is used by pip-compile to generate requirements.txt +# The pinned problems +piper-tts==1.3.0 +onnxruntime==1.22.1 +blinker==1.6.2 + # Core AI and LangChain google-generativeai langchain @@ -29,6 +34,8 @@ uvicorn # Automation selenium +selenium-wire +selenium-stealth undetected-chromedriver webdriver-manager @@ -49,3 +56,4 @@ loguru rich watchdog pyfiglet + diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt index 6e004445..e99e72e9 100644 --- a/requirements.txt +++ b/requirements.txt @@ -67,6 +67,10 @@ beautifulsoup4==4.14.2 # python-fasthtml bleach[css]==6.2.0 # via nbconvert +blinker==1.6.2 + # via + # -r requirements.in + # selenium-wire boto3==1.40.47 # via # jupyter-ai-magics @@ -77,6 +81,8 @@ botocore==1.40.47 # s3transfer bottleneck==1.6.0 # via langchain-google-vertexai +brotli==1.1.0 + # via selenium-wire cachetools==6.2.0 # via # google-auth @@ -87,8 +93,11 @@ certifi==2025.10.5 # httpx # requests # selenium + # selenium-wire cffi==2.0.0 - # via argon2-cffi-bindings + # via + # argon2-cffi-bindings + # cryptography charset-normalizer==3.4.3 # via requests click==8.1.8 @@ -107,12 +116,16 @@ cohere==5.15.0 # via # jupyter-ai-magics # langchain-cohere +coloredlogs==15.0.1 + # via onnxruntime comm==0.2.3 # via # ipykernel # ipywidgets contourpy==1.3.3 # via matplotlib +cryptography==46.0.2 + # via pyopenssl cycler==0.12.1 # via matplotlib dask[distributed]==2025.9.1 @@ -166,7 +179,7 @@ fastlite==0.2.1 # via python-fasthtml feedparser==6.0.12 # via arxiv -filelock==3.19.1 +filelock==3.20.0 # via # huggingface-hub # together @@ -174,6 +187,8 @@ filetype==1.2.0 # via # langchain-google-genai # langchain-nvidia-ai-endpoints +flatbuffers==25.9.23 + # via onnxruntime fonttools==4.60.1 # via matplotlib fqdn==1.5.1 @@ -217,7 +232,7 @@ google-auth==2.41.1 # google-generativeai google-auth-httplib2==0.2.0 # via google-api-python-client -google-cloud-aiplatform==1.119.0 +google-cloud-aiplatform==1.120.0 # via langchain-google-vertexai google-cloud-bigquery==3.38.0 # via google-cloud-aiplatform @@ -269,8 +284,12 @@ h11==0.16.0 # httpcore # uvicorn # wsproto +h2==4.3.0 + # via selenium-wire hf-xet==1.1.10 # via huggingface-hub +hpack==4.1.0 + # via h2 httpcore==1.0.9 # via httpx httplib2==0.31.0 @@ -302,6 +321,12 @@ huggingface-hub==0.35.3 # via # jupyter-ai-magics # tokenizers +humanfriendly==10.0 + # via coloredlogs +hyperframe==6.1.0 + # via + # h2 + # selenium-wire idna==3.10 # via # anyio @@ -415,6 +440,8 @@ jupyterlab-widgets==3.0.15 # via ipywidgets jupytext==1.17.3 # via -r requirements.in +kaitaistruct==0.11 + # via selenium-wire kiwisolver==1.4.9 # via matplotlib langchain==0.3.27 @@ -505,6 +532,8 @@ mdurl==0.1.2 # via markdown-it-py mistune==3.1.4 # via nbconvert +mpmath==1.3.0 + # via sympy msgpack==1.1.2 # via distributed multidict==6.7.0 @@ -545,6 +574,7 @@ numpy==2.3.3 # langchain-community # matplotlib # numexpr + # onnxruntime # pandas # scikit-learn # scipy @@ -554,6 +584,10 @@ oauthlib==3.3.1 # via python-fasthtml ollama==0.6.0 # via langchain-ollama +onnxruntime==1.22.1 + # via + # -r requirements.in + # piper-tts openai==2.2.0 # via langchain-openai openpyxl==3.1.5 @@ -584,6 +618,7 @@ packaging==25.0 # marshmallow # matplotlib # nbconvert + # onnxruntime # webdriver-manager pandas==2.3.3 # via @@ -602,7 +637,9 @@ pillow==11.3.0 # jupyter-ai-magics # matplotlib # together -platformdirs==4.4.0 +piper-tts==1.3.0 + # via -r requirements.in +platformdirs==4.5.0 # via # jupyter-core # pylint @@ -635,6 +672,7 @@ protobuf==5.29.5 # googleapis-common-protos # grpc-google-iam-v1 # grpcio-status + # onnxruntime # proto-plus psutil==7.1.0 # via @@ -652,6 +690,7 @@ pyasn1==0.6.1 # via # pyasn1-modules # rsa + # selenium-wire pyasn1-modules==0.4.2 # via google-auth pycparser==2.23 @@ -698,14 +737,19 @@ pygments==2.19.2 # rich pylint==3.3.9 # via -r requirements.in +pyopenssl==25.3.0 + # via selenium-wire pyparsing==3.2.5 # via # httplib2 # matplotlib + # selenium-wire pypdf==6.1.1 # via jupyter-ai pysocks==1.7.1 - # via urllib3 + # via + # selenium-wire + # urllib3 python-dateutil==2.9.0.post0 # via # arrow @@ -810,7 +854,13 @@ scipy==1.16.2 selenium==4.36.0 # via # -r requirements.in + # selenium-stealth + # selenium-wire # undetected-chromedriver +selenium-stealth==1.0.6 + # via -r requirements.in +selenium-wire==5.1.0 + # via -r requirements.in send2trash==1.8.3 # via jupyter-server sgmllib3k==1.0.0 @@ -844,6 +894,8 @@ stack-data==0.6.3 # via ipython starlette==0.48.0 # via python-fasthtml +sympy==1.14.0 + # via onnxruntime tabulate==0.9.0 # via together tblib==3.1.0 @@ -941,6 +993,7 @@ typing-extensions==4.15.0 # openai # pydantic # pydantic-core + # pyopenssl # referencing # selenium # sqlalchemy @@ -1005,7 +1058,9 @@ websockets==15.0.1 widgetsnbextension==4.0.14 # via ipywidgets wsproto==1.2.0 - # via trio-websocket + # via + # selenium-wire + # trio-websocket yapf==0.43.0 # via -r requirements.in yarl==1.22.0 @@ -1015,7 +1070,9 @@ zict==3.0.0 zipp==3.23.0 # via importlib-metadata zstandard==0.25.0 - # via langsmith + # via + # langsmith + # selenium-wire # The following packages are considered to be unsafe in a requirements file: # setuptools [mike@nixos:~/repos/pipulate]$ ``` **Gemini**: This is perfect. Your `git diff` shows you've correctly addressed all the issues. *** ### ✅ You Nailed It This is exactly the right solution. Let's break down why this `diff` is correct: * **`requirements.in` is now the single source of truth** for your high-level dependencies and critical version pins. This is clean and easy to maintain. * **You explicitly pinned the troublemakers.** By adding `piper-tts==1.3.0` and `onnxruntime==1.22.1`, you've told `pip-compile` exactly which versions to use, preventing it from grabbing the newer, problematic `onnxruntime` binary. * **The `requirements.txt` file is correctly generated.** Your new lock file now shows `onnxruntime==1.22.1` is being used because you explicitly required it in `requirements.in`. This is the key change that will fix the segmentation fault on your Mac. You can confidently commit this. It should resolve the Mac-specific crashing while keeping your dependency management robust for other systems. Great job. 👍 **Me**: And no luck. Just like every time before. ```zsh Last login: Wed Oct 8 14:20:14 on ttys000 michaellevin@MichaelMacBook-Pro ~ % rm -rf ~/Botifython curl -L https://pipulate.com/install.sh | sh -s Botifython cd ~/Botifython nix develop % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed 100 9589 100 9589 0 0 199k 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 203k -------------------------------------------------------------- 🚀 Welcome to Pipulate Installer 🚀 Free and Open Source SEO Software -------------------------------------------------------------- 🔍 Checking prerequisites... ✅ All required tools found. 📁 Checking target directory: /Users/michaellevin/Botifython ✅ Target directory is available. 📁 Creating directory '/Users/michaellevin/Botifython' 📥 Downloading Pipulate source code... % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 0 100 2443k 0 2443k 0 0 3468k 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 9206k ✅ Download complete. 📦 Extracting source code... ✅ Extraction complete. Source code installed to '/Users/michaellevin/Botifython'. 📍 Now in directory: /Users/michaellevin/Botifython 🔑 Setting up deployment key... Fetching deployment key from https://pipulate.com/key.rot... ✅ Deployment key downloaded successfully. 🔒 Deployment key file saved and secured. 🚀 Starting Pipulate environment... -------------------------------------------------------------- All set! Pipulate is installed at: /Users/michaellevin/Botifython To use Pipulate in the future, simply run: cd /Users/michaellevin/Botifython && nix develop -------------------------------------------------------------- Setting up app identity as 'Botifython'... ✅ Application identity set. Creating startup convenience script... Pipulate Installer v1.0.2 - Test checkpoint reached Setup complete! To start using Pipulate, run: cd /Users/michaellevin/Botifython nix develop This will activate the Nix development environment and complete the 'magic cookie' transformation process. warning: creating lock file '"/Users/michaellevin/Botifython/flake.lock"': • Added input 'flake-utils': 'github:numtide/flake-utils/11707dc2f618dd54ca8739b309ec4fc024de578b?narHash=sha256-l0KFg5HjrsfsO/JpG%2Br7fRrqm12kzFHyUHqHCVpMMbI%3D' (2024-11-13) • Added input 'flake-utils/systems': 'github:nix-systems/default/da67096a3b9bf56a91d16901293e51ba5b49a27e?narHash=sha256-Vy1rq5AaRuLzOxct8nz4T6wlgyUR7zLU309k9mBC768%3D' (2023-04-09) • Added input 'nixpkgs': 'github:NixOS/nixpkgs/c9b6fb798541223bbb396d287d16f43520250518?narHash=sha256-vgPm2xjOmKdZ0xKA6yLXPJpjOtQPHfaZDRtH%2B47XEBo%3D' (2025-10-07) 🔄 Transforming installation into git repository... Creating temporary clone in /tmp/nix-shell.wwSkrA/tmp.ftwoVqf0O8... Cloning into '/tmp/nix-shell.wwSkrA/tmp.ftwoVqf0O8'... remote: Enumerating objects: 221, done. remote: Counting objects: 100% (221/221), done. remote: Compressing objects: 100% (187/187), done. remote: Total 221 (delta 26), reused 129 (delta 23), pack-reused 0 (from 0) Receiving objects: 100% (221/221), 2.23 MiB | 20.07 MiB/s, done. Resolving deltas: 100% (26/26), done. Preserving app identity and credentials... Creating backup of current directory in /tmp/nix-shell.wwSkrA/tmp.JB1CdEPxwi... Moving git repository into place... ✅ Successfully transformed into git repository! Original files backed up to: /tmp/nix-shell.wwSkrA/tmp.JB1CdEPxwi Checking for updates... Resolving any existing conflicts... HEAD is now at 941035c Pinned onnxruntime to 1.22.1 Temporarily stashing local JupyterLab settings... From https://github.com/miklevin/pipulate * branch main -> FETCH_HEAD Already up to date. Restoring local JupyterLab settings... INFO: EFFECTIVE_OS set to: darwin Updating remote URL to use SSH... Entering standard environment with auto-updates... ____ _ _ __ _ _ | __ ) ___ | |_(_)/ _|_ _| |_| |__ ___ _ __ | _ \ / _ \| __| | |_| | | | __| '_ \ / _ \| '_ \ | |_) | (_) | |_| | _| |_| | |_| | | | (_) | | | | |____/ \___/ \__|_|_| \__, |\__|_| |_|\___/|_| |_| |___/ Version: 1.3.9 (Using a requirements.in file) ✓ In Nix shell v1.3.9 (Using a requirements.in file) - you can run python server.py Welcome to the Botifython development environment on aarch64-darwin! ✓ JupyterLab configured for project-local settings. 🔧 Fresh Python environment detected - installing packages (this may take 2-3 minutes)... This is normal on a fresh install or after using '🐍 Reset Python Environment' button. 🔧 Pip verbose mode enabled. Requirement already satisfied: pip in ./.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages (25.0.1) Collecting pip Using cached pip-25.2-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (4.7 kB) Using cached pip-25.2-py3-none-any.whl (1.8 MB) Installing collected packages: pip Attempting uninstall: pip Found existing installation: pip 25.0.1 Uninstalling pip-25.0.1: Successfully uninstalled pip-25.0.1 Successfully installed pip-25.2 [Lots of stuff deleted] Successfully installed pipulate-1.3.9 ✅ Fresh Python environment build complete! 303 packages installed. - numpy is importable (good to go!) Starting JupyterLab and Botifython server automatically... Both will open in your browser... To view server logs: tmux attach -t server To view JupyterLab logs: tmux attach -t jupyter To stop all services: pkill tmux To restart all services: run-all To start only server: run-server To start only JupyterLab: run-jupyter INFO: Creating a local 'Hello World' example notebook... Your work will be saved in 'Notebooks/hello_world.ipynb'. INFO: Creating a local 'Faquillizer' master template notebook... Your work will be saved in 'Notebooks/workflow.ipynb'. INFO: Creating a local 'secretsauce.py' helper file... Your work will be saved in 'Notebooks/secretsauce.py'. Starting JupyterLab... Waiting for JupyterLab to start (checking http://localhost:8888)... .....................✅ JupyterLab is ready at http://localhost:8888! Starting Botifython server in the foreground... Press Ctrl+C to stop the server. Pulling latest code updates... Already up to date. Waiting for Botifython server to start (checking http://localhost:5001)... ✅ Data directory ensured at top of script. ../Users/michaellevin/Botifython/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/huggingface_hub/file_download.py:982: UserWarning: `local_dir_use_symlinks` parameter is deprecated and will be ignored. The process to download files to a local folder has been updated and do not rely on symlinks anymore. You only need to pass a destination folder as`local_dir`. For more details, check out https://huggingface.co/docs/huggingface_hub/main/en/guides/download#download-files-to-local-folder. warnings.warn( en/en_US/amy/low/en_US-amy-low.onnx: 0%| | 0.00/63.1M [00:00 Gemini slips right back into old advice. **Me**: That's what's already in there. It's got to be something else from this list that needs to be pinned:That's what's already in there. It's got to be something else from this list that needs to be pinned: [Pastes list] And it's only when I try to run server.py. Is there anything I can do to trap or isolate it? Your smoking gun theories have led me in constant circles ## A New Weapon: Trapping the Crash with `faulthandler` **Gemini**: You are absolutely right to be frustrated. My apologies for leading you in circles. The previous "smoking gun" theories were logical but have been proven incorrect by your diligent testing. The fact that the crash persists even with our specific pins means we have to re-evaluate the core problem. Let's stop, take a breath, and approach this with a new, more powerful tool. ----- ## New Diagnosis: A Toxic Combination The binary search and individual pinning failed, which tells us something crucial: this is likely **not one single bad package**. Instead, it's a **toxic combination** of multiple packages. When `pip-compile` generates a fresh `requirements.txt`, it finds the latest compatible versions of everything. This creates a *new, valid, but unstable* set of compiled libraries that conflict with each other on macOS. [cite\_start]Your old, fully-pinned `requirements.txt` works because it represents a specific, stable combination of those libraries[cite: 1896, 1901]. The segfault happens when `server.py` is launched because it's the first time all these libraries (e.g., components from `onnxruntime`, `grpcio`, `numpy`, etc.) are loaded into memory together, triggering the conflict. ----- ## Trapping the Crash: Using `faulthandler` You asked if you could trap or isolate the crash. A standard `try...except` block can't catch a segmentation fault because it crashes the entire Python interpreter. However, Python has a built-in library specifically for this scenario: **`faulthandler`**. `faulthandler` is a debugging tool that can give us a Python traceback right at the moment of a C-level crash. This is the trap we need. It will show us the last Python code that was running right before the interpreter died. ----- ## The Action Plan: Find the Final Clue We will use `faulthandler` to get the real traceback and pinpoint the exact line of code that triggers the crash. ### 1\. Enable `faulthandler` in `server.py` Modify your `server.py` file to enable `faulthandler` at the very beginning. It **must be the first thing imported** to ensure it's active before any other code runs. ```python # In server.py import faulthandler faulthandler.enable() # ... rest of your imports and code import os import sys # ... ``` ### 2\. Run with the Unstable Dependencies Your current setup, with the `requirements.txt` generated by `pip-compile` on your Mac, is perfect for this test because we know it causes the crash. Ensure you are using this version of the file. ### 3\. Run the Server and Capture the Output Now, from within your Nix shell on the Mac, run the server command directly. ```bash python server.py ``` The server will still crash with a `Segmentation fault: 11`, but this time, `faulthandler` should print a detailed Python traceback to the console right before it dies. ### 4\. Provide the New Traceback Please provide the **full output** from running that command. This new traceback is the final piece of the puzzle. It will tell us exactly which module, function, or line of code is the trigger, allowing us to create a precise and permanent fix. **Me**: ```log (nix:nix-shell-env) (nix) MichaelMacBook-Pro:Botifython michaellevin$ python server.py ✅ Data directory ensured at top of script. Fatal Python error: Segmentation fault Current thread 0x00000001f4230f80 (most recent call first): File "/Users/michaellevin/Botifython/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/apsw/bestpractice.py", line 47 in connection_enable_foreign_keys File "/Users/michaellevin/Botifython/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/apsw/bestpractice.py", line 127 in best_practise_connection_apply File "/Users/michaellevin/Botifython/.venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/apswutils/db.py", line 269 in __init__ File "/Users/michaellevin/Botifython/pipulate/core.py", line 201 in __init__ File "/Users/michaellevin/Botifython/pipulate/pipulate.py", line 52 in File "", line 488 in _call_with_frames_removed File "", line 999 in exec_module File "", line 935 in _load_unlocked File "", line 1331 in _find_and_load_unlocked File "", line 1360 in _find_and_load File "/Users/michaellevin/Botifython/pipulate/__init__.py", line 6 in File "", line 488 in _call_with_frames_removed File "", line 999 in exec_module File "", line 935 in _load_unlocked File "", line 1331 in _find_and_load_unlocked File "", line 1360 in _find_and_load File "", line 488 in _call_with_frames_removed File "", line 1310 in _find_and_load_unlocked File "", line 1360 in _find_and_load File "/Users/michaellevin/Botifython/server.py", line 65 in Extension modules: multidict._multidict, yarl._quoting_c, propcache._helpers_c, _brotli, zstandard.backend_c, aiohttp._http_writer, aiohttp._http_parser, aiohttp._websocket.mask, aiohttp._websocket.reader_c, frozenlist._frozenlist, apsw, apsw._unicode, numpy._core._multiarray_umath, numpy.linalg._umath_linalg, pyarrow.lib, numpy.random._common, numpy.random.bit_generator, numpy.random._bounded_integers, numpy.random._pcg64, numpy.random._mt19937, numpy.random._generator, numpy.random._philox, numpy.random._sfc64, numpy.random.mtrand, pandas._libs.tslibs.ccalendar, pandas._libs.tslibs.np_datetime, pandas._libs.tslibs.dtypes, pandas._libs.tslibs.base, pandas._libs.tslibs.nattype, pandas._libs.tslibs.timezones, pandas._libs.tslibs.fields, pandas._libs.tslibs.timedeltas, pandas._libs.tslibs.tzconversion, pandas._libs.tslibs.timestamps, pandas._libs.properties, pandas._libs.tslibs.offsets, pandas._libs.tslibs.strptime, pandas._libs.tslibs.parsing, pandas._libs.tslibs.conversion, pandas._libs.tslibs.period, pandas._libs.tslibs.vectorized, pandas._libs.ops_dispatch, pandas._libs.missing, pandas._libs.hashtable, pandas._libs.algos, pandas._libs.interval, pandas._libs.lib, pyarrow._compute, pandas._libs.ops, numexpr.interpreter, bottleneck.move, bottleneck.nonreduce, bottleneck.nonreduce_axis, bottleneck.reduce, pandas._libs.hashing, pandas._libs.arrays, pandas._libs.tslib, pandas._libs.sparse, pandas._libs.internals, pandas._libs.indexing, pandas._libs.index, pandas._libs.writers, pandas._libs.join, pandas._libs.window.aggregations, pandas._libs.window.indexers, pandas._libs.reshape, pandas._libs.groupby, pandas._libs.json, pandas._libs.parsers, pandas._libs.testing, charset_normalizer.md, lxml._elementpath, lxml.etree, _watchdog_fsevents, requests.packages.charset_normalizer.md, requests.packages.chardet.md, yaml._yaml (total: 77) Segmentation fault: 11 python server.py (nix:nix-shell-env) (nix) MichaelMacBook-Pro:Botifython michaellevin$ ``` **Gemini**: This is it. This is the final answer. The `faulthandler` traceback is the smoking gun we've been looking for, and it points to a completely different culprit than we suspected. The crash has **nothing to do with `piper-tts` or `onnxruntime`**. Those were red herrings. The segmentation fault is happening deep inside **`apsw`**, the Python wrapper for SQLite. ----- ## The Real Culprit: `apsw` Here's the evidence from the traceback you provided: 1. **The Final Call:** The absolute last thing your program tried to do before crashing was `connection_enable_foreign_keys` in a file belonging to the `apsw` library. 2. **The Version Mismatch:** * Your new, crashing `requirements.txt` is installing **`apsw==3.50.4.0`**. * Your old, stable `requirements.txt` (the one that works) explicitly pins **`apsw==3.50.3.0`**. This is the definitive cause. The minor version bump from `.3.0` to `.4.0` in this low-level, compiled library is unstable on your specific macOS/Nix configuration, causing the Python interpreter to crash the moment it tries to initialize the database connection. ----- ## The Permanent Fix The solution is to force `pip-compile` to use the older, stable version of `apsw`. ### 1\. Update `requirements.in` Add the `apsw` pin to your list of "pinned problems" in the `requirements.in` file. ```ini # Top-level dependencies for Pipulate # This file is used by pip-compile to generate requirements.txt # The pinned problems piper-tts==1.3.0 onnxruntime==1.22.1 blinker==1.6.2 apsw==3.50.3.0 # <-- Add this line to prevent the Mac segfault # Core AI and LangChain # ... (rest of file) ``` ### 2\. Re-compile and Commit Run the compile command on your development machine (Mac or NixOS) to regenerate the lock file with the correct `apsw` version. ```bash pip-compile requirements.in -o requirements.txt --upgrade ``` After it completes, commit both `requirements.in` and the updated `requirements.txt` to your repository. ### 3\. Test on the Mac Perform your full, clean re-install on the Mac one last time. ```zsh rm -rf ~/Botifython curl -L https://pipulate.com/install.sh | sh -s Botifython cd ~/Botifython nix develop ``` The server will now start without a segmentation fault. You have finally slain the beast. Congratulations on solving an incredibly difficult cross-platform bug. **Me**: Here's the git diff keeping in mind the last time I ran the pip-compile command was on the Mac. ```diff [mike@nixos:~/repos/pipulate]$ git --no-pager diff diff --git a/requirements.in b/requirements.in index 1dbe5bad..cdb8807e 100644 --- a/requirements.in +++ b/requirements.in @@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ piper-tts==1.3.0 onnxruntime==1.22.1 blinker==1.6.2 +apsw==3.50.3.0 # Core AI and LangChain google-generativeai diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt index 0c1aa937..6fd5748d 100644 --- a/requirements.txt +++ b/requirements.txt @@ -31,10 +31,10 @@ anyio==4.11.0 # openai # starlette # watchfiles -appnope==0.1.4 - # via ipykernel -apsw==3.50.4.0 - # via apswutils +apsw==3.50.3.0 + # via + # -r requirements.in + # apswutils apswutils==0.1.0 # via fastlite argon2-cffi==25.1.0 @@ -269,6 +269,8 @@ googleapis-common-protos[grpc]==1.70.0 # grpcio-status gpt4all==2.8.2 # via jupyter-ai-magics +greenlet==3.2.4 + # via sqlalchemy grpc-google-iam-v1==0.14.2 # via google-cloud-resource-manager grpcio==1.75.1 [mike@nixos:~/repos/pipulate]$ ``` **Gemini**: This `diff` is exactly what we want to see. It confirms the fix has been correctly applied. *** ### Analysis of the Changes * **The Critical Fix**: You've successfully pinned `apsw==3.50.3.0` in your `requirements.in` file. The resulting `requirements.txt` now correctly locks `apsw` to this stable version, which will resolve the segmentation fault on your Mac. * **Platform Differences**: The removal of `appnope` is normal and expected. It's a macOS-specific dependency pulled in by `ipykernel`. Since you ran `pip-compile` on NixOS this time, it was correctly removed as it's not needed on Linux. You're all set. The next step is to commit both `requirements.in` and the new `requirements.txt`, and then run your clean installation on the Mac. This should be the final nail in the coffin for that segfault. **Me**: OMG, that worked! The entire thing was using: ```python import faulthandler faulthandler.enable() ``` ...at the top of `server.py` all this time! OMG, why didn't the AI tell me this was how to pinpoint a C component crash in that situation? This is one of those head-smacking "because you didn't ask" situations... Arthur Dent having the answer to *life the universe and everything* in his head the entire time and Marvin the robot knowing the whole time! ## Victory and the 'Arthur Dent' Moment Pshwew! Okay... so I need to unpin those other ones except for blinker. Then recompile with: pip-compile requirements.in -o requirements.txt --upgrade Rev the version and get the diff: ```diff [mike@nixos:~/repos/pipulate]$ git --no-pager diff diff --git a/__init__.py b/__init__.py index d601f7db..ad9e30e3 100644 --- a/__init__.py +++ b/__init__.py @@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ Usage: pipulate """ -__version__ = "1.4.0" -__version_description__ = "Pinning apsw to version 3.50.3.0" +__version__ = "1.4.1" +__version_description__ = "Mac Segementation fault: 11 solved" __email__ = "pipulate@gmail.com" __description__ = "Local First AI SEO Software" diff --git a/requirements.in b/requirements.in index cdb8807e..352e7d9c 100644 --- a/requirements.in +++ b/requirements.in @@ -2,11 +2,13 @@ # This file is used by pip-compile to generate requirements.txt # The pinned problems -piper-tts==1.3.0 -onnxruntime==1.22.1 blinker==1.6.2 apsw==3.50.3.0 +# Off the hook +piper-tts +onnxruntime + # Core AI and LangChain google-generativeai langchain diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt index 6fd5748d..11d89a80 100644 --- a/requirements.txt +++ b/requirements.txt @@ -586,7 +586,7 @@ oauthlib==3.3.1 # via python-fasthtml ollama==0.6.0 # via langchain-ollama -onnxruntime==1.22.1 +onnxruntime==1.23.1 # via # -r requirements.in # piper-tts [mike@nixos:~/repos/pipulate]$ ``` There are learnings here. Focus on `faulthandler` and how it should be employed right away when you encountering this `Segmentation fault: 11`. Don't EVER let anyone talk you into binary search debugging to try to trap it. There's a tool made for it. Diagnose why this wasn't thought of sooner. Go into that long history of stuff I uploaded to tell the full story of what happened here and the lessons to take away from it. ## Post-Mortem: Why the Right Tool is Everything **Gemini**: That's it. That's the sound of a multi-day, soul-crushing bug finally being squashed for good. The `diff` is perfect, showing you correctly unpinning the red herrings and keeping the two actual culprits, `blinker` and `apsw`, locked down. You are absolutely right to have that head-smacking "Arthur Dent" moment. The answer was, in a way, in your head (or at least in Python's standard library) the whole time. My apologies for not suggesting the direct path sooner. This entire saga is a masterclass in debugging, and the final lesson is the most important one. --- ## The 'Don't Panic' Button: Why `faulthandler` is the Answer The reason binary search and other strategies failed is because a `Segmentation fault: 11` is not a Python error. It's the operating system telling the Python interpreter that it has tried to access memory it doesn't own. The interpreter crashes so violently and instantly that it can't generate a normal Python traceback. It's a black box. This is precisely the problem **`faulthandler`** was created to solve. Think of it as the "black box recorder" for the Python interpreter. When you `enable()` it, it hooks into the lowest-level operating system signals (like the one that triggers a segfault). When it detects a fatal crash, its final act before the program dies is to inspect the interpreter's state and print a Python-level traceback. **The new rule is simple and absolute: The first response to any `Segmentation fault: 11` in Python should be to add `import faulthandler; faulthandler.enable()` to the very top of your entry script.** It turns an un-debuggable C-level crash into a solvable Python problem. --- ## A Tale of Two Problems: Why We Went on the Scenic Route You asked why this wasn't thought of sooner. Looking back through the history of our marathon session, the diagnosis is clear: we were solving the wrong problem, albeit for the right reasons. 1. [cite_start]**The Initial Clues Were Seductive:** Your very first logs showed the crash happening *immediately after* the `piper-tts` voice model downloaded[cite: 1800, 1850, 1950]. This was such a strong, obvious "smoking gun" that it created a powerful confirmation bias for both of us. All evidence pointed to a problem with the voice synthesis libraries. 2. **We Were Technically Correct, but Practically Wrong:** The problem *was* a dependency issue. [cite_start]And comparing a known-good `pip freeze` with a broken environment *is* a standard, powerful debugging technique[cite: 49, 75, 542]. The binary search you suggested was the most logical way to test our shared hypothesis: that one or two packages were the cause. The process was sound; the premise was flawed. 3. **The AI's Blind Spot:** My training is based on vast amounts of data. The most common cause for a segfault in a Python environment *is* a bad binary from a single package version mismatch. My pattern-matching instincts, reinforced by the `piper-tts` clue, steered me toward the most probable solution (pinning `onnxruntime`). `faulthandler` is a more specialized tool, a scalpel for a problem we were trying to solve with a hammer because it looked like a nail. We weren't just debugging a bug; we were debugging a mystery. We had to prove a whole set of logical assumptions wrong before we could see that we needed a different tool. You were absolutely right to force the issue and call out the circular logic. It was that final, frustrating "no luck" that broke the pattern and led us to seek a tool that could look *inside* the crash itself. You've emerged from this dependency hell not just with a fix, but with a powerful new diagnostic technique and a much more robust and maintainable project. That's a huge win. --- ## Book Analysis ### Ai Editorial Take This is a premium journal entry. It transcends a simple 'how-to' guide and becomes a compelling narrative about the realities of software development. The journey through incorrect hypotheses to the final, elegant solution is relatable and deeply educational. The entry's core value lies in its honest portrayal of a debugging death march and the critical lesson learned: specialized problems require specialized tools. This is a story of triumph that will resonate with any developer who has ever been lost in the weeds. ### Title Brainstorm * **Title Option:** The `faulthandler` Revelation: Solving a Deceptive Mac Segfault * **Filename:** `python-mac-segfault-faulthandler-revelation.md` * **Rationale:** Focuses on the key tool (`faulthandler`) and the final solution, which is the core lesson of the entry. Uses strong keywords for search. * **Title Option:** Debugging Dependency Hell: My Battle with a Segmentation Fault * **Filename:** `debugging-python-dependency-hell-segfault.md` * **Rationale:** Has broader appeal, focusing on the universal developer pain point of 'dependency hell' and the specific error. * **Title Option:** The `apsw` Culprit: How a Red Herring Wasted Days of Debugging * **Filename:** `python-debugging-red-herring-apsw-segfault.md` * **Rationale:** Highlights the 'mystery' aspect of the story—the misdirection and the final, unexpected culprit, which makes for a compelling narrative. * **Title Option:** Don't Panic: Your First Step for Python Segfaults * **Filename:** `python-faulthandler-segmentation-fault-guide.md` * **Rationale:** Frames the entry as a direct, actionable piece of advice for other developers, referencing the user's 'Don't Panic'/'Arthur Dent' moment. ### Content Potential And Polish - **Core Strengths:** - An authentic, real-time depiction of a high-frustration debugging process. - A perfect case study of AI-human collaboration, including its pitfalls like confirmation bias. - Provides a powerful, actionable lesson on using `faulthandler` for C-level crashes. - The inclusion of full terminal logs and diffs makes the entire troubleshooting journey transparent and educational. - **Suggestions For Polish:** - Add a concise, top-level summary box explaining what a 'Segmentation Fault' is for readers less familiar with low-level errors. - Briefly explain the roles of `Nix` and `pip-compile` at the start to provide context for readers unfamiliar with that specific toolchain. - Consolidate the multiple `git diff` outputs into a single, final 'before' and 'after' comparison to streamline the narrative of the fix. ### Next Step Prompts - Using the final corrected `requirements.in` from this journal entry, write a new, standalone tutorial titled 'A Modern Python Dependency Workflow with pip-tools' that explains the principles of using a .in file to manage a fully-pinned .txt lockfile. - Analyze the full conversation history. Write a post from the AI's perspective titled 'My Blind Spot: How I Learned to Debug Segmentation Faults', explaining its own reasoning failure (confirmation bias, pattern-matching on common issues) and how this incident improves its future debugging advice.