Please report any errors to the author's email - "yangyunong@bupt.edu.cn" or "shower0512@bupt.edu.cn" Yunong Yang and Zhenyu Wu, BUPT Semantic Web of Things Ontology To provide a uniform ontology of CPS applications, the SWoT base ontology (SWoT-O) is mainly referred to and extended from SSN ontology, as well as reusing other IoT ontologies Relation between a Platform and any Systems (e.g., Sensors) that are attached to the Platform. http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn attached system http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/ssn/wiki/SSN_Deploy#PlatformSite Relation between a deployment and the platform on which the system was deployed. http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn deployed on platform http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/ssn/wiki/SSN_Deploy#Deployment Relation between a deployment and the deployed system. http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn deployed system http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/ssn/wiki/SSN_Deploy#Deployment Has part relation between a deployment process and its constituent processes. http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn deployment process part http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/ssn/wiki/SSN_Deploy#Deployment A relation from a sensor to the Stimulus that the sensor can detect. The Stimulus itself will be serving as a proxy for (see isProxyOf) some observable property. http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn detects http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/ssn/wiki/SSN_Skeleton#Skeleton http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn end time http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/ssn/wiki/SSN_Base#Time skos:exactMatch 'featureOfInterest' [O&M - ISO/DIS 19156] http://portal.opengeospatial.org/files/?artifact_id=41579 A relation between an observation and the entity whose quality was observed. For example, in an observation of the weight of a person, the feature of interest is the person and the quality is weight. http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn feature of interest http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/ssn/wiki/SSN_Skeleton#Skeleton A relation between some aspect of a sensing entity and a property. For example, from a sensor to the properties it can observe, or from a deployment to the properties it was installed to observe. Also from a measurement capability to the property the capability is described for. (Used in conjunction with ofFeature). http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn for property http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/ssn/wiki/SSN_Skeleton#Skeleton Relation between a System and a Deployment, recording that the System/Sensor was deployed in that Deployment. http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn has deployment http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/ssn/wiki/SSN_Deploy#Deployment http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn has input http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/ssn/wiki/SSN_Model#Process Relation from a Sensor to a MeasurementCapability describing the measurement properties of the sensor. http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn has measurement capability http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/ssn/wiki/SSN_Sensor#MeasuringCapability Relation from a MeasurementCapability to a MeasurementProperty. For example, to an accuracy (see notes at MeasurementCapability). http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn has measurement property http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/ssn/wiki/SSN_Sensor#MeasuringCapability http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn has output http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/ssn/wiki/SSN_Model#Process A relation between a FeatureOfInterest and a Property of that feature. http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn has property http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/ssn/wiki/SSN_Skeleton#Skeleton Haspart relation between a system and its parts. http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn has subsystem http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/ssn/wiki/SSN_Model#System Relation from a SurvivalRange to a Property describing the survial range of a system. For example, to the temperature extreme that a system can withstand before being considered damaged. http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn has survival property http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/ssn/wiki/SSN_Deploy#OperatingRestriction A Relation from a System to a SurvivalRange. http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn has survival range http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/ssn/wiki/SSN_Deploy#OperatingRestriction http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn has value http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/ssn/wiki/SSN_Base#Data A relation between the description of an algorithm, procedure or method and an entity that implements that method in some executable way. For example, between a scientific measuring method and a sensor the senses via that method. http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn implemented by http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/ssn/wiki/SSN_Skeleton#Skeleton A relation between an entity that implements a method in some executable way and the description of an algorithm, procedure or method. For example, between a Sensor and the scientific measuring method that the Sensor uses to observe a Property. http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn implements http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/ssn/wiki/SSN_Skeleton#Skeleton Describes the prevailing environmental conditions for MeasurementCapabilites, OperatingConditions and SurvivalRanges. Used for example to say that a sensor has a particular accuracy in particular conditions. (see also MeasurementCapability) http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn in condition http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/ssn/wiki/SSN_Base#ConstraintBlock Relation between a Platform and a Deployment, recording that the object was used as a platform for a system/sensor for a particular deployment: as in this PhysicalObject is acting as a Platform inDeployment Deployment. http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn in deployment http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/ssn/wiki/SSN_Deploy#Deployment Relation between a producer and a produced entity: for example, between a sensor and the produced output. http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn is produced by http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/ssn/wiki/SSN_Model#Process Relation between a FeatureOfInterest and a Property (a Quality observable by a sensor) of that feature. http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn is property of http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/ssn/wiki/SSN_Skeleton#Skeleton A relation from a Stimulus to the Property that the Stimulus is serving as a proxy for. For example, the expansion of the quicksilver is a stimulus that serves as a proxy for temperature, or an increase or decrease in the spinning of cups on a wind sensor is serving as a proxy for wind speed. http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn isProxyFor http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/ssn/wiki/SSN_Skeleton#Skeleton Relation between a Sensor and Observations it has made. http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn made observation http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/ssn/wiki/SSN_Observation#Observation skos:closeMatch 'result' [O&M - ISO/DIS 19156] http://portal.opengeospatial.org/files/?artifact_id=41579 Relation linking an Observation (i.e., a description of the context, the Situation, in which the observatioin was made) and a Result, which contains a value representing the value associated with the observed Property. http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn observation result http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/ssn/wiki/SSN_Skeleton#Skeleton http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/om The result time is the time when the procedure associated with the observation act was applied. The result time shall describe the time when the result became available, typically when the procedure associated with the observation was completed For some observations this is identical to the phenomenonTime. However, there are important cases where they differ.[O&M] http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn observation result time http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/ssn/wiki/SSN_Observation#Observation http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/om Rebadged as phenomenon time in [O&M]. The phenomenon time shall describe the time that the result applies to the property of the feature-of-interest. This is often the time of interaction by a sampling procedure or observation procedure with a real-world feature. The sampling time is the time that the result applies to the feature-of-interest. This is the time usually required for geospatial analysis of the result. http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn observation sampling time http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/ssn/wiki/SSN_Observation#Observation http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn observedBy http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/ssn/wiki/SSN_Skeleton#Skeleton skos:exactMatch 'observedProperty' [O&M - ISO/DIS 19156] http://portal.opengeospatial.org/files/?artifact_id=41579 Relation linking an Observation to the Property that was observed. The observedProperty should be a Property (hasProperty) of the FeatureOfInterest (linked by featureOfInterest) of this observation. http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn observed property http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/ssn/wiki/SSN_Skeleton#Skeleton Relation between a Sensor and a Property that the sensor can observe. Note that, given the DUL modelling of Qualities, a sensor defined with 'observes only Windspeed' technically links the sensor to particular instances of Windspeed, not to the concept itself - OWL can't express concept-concept relations, only individual-individual. The property composition ensures that if an observation is made of a particular quality then one can infer that the sensor observes that quality. http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn observes http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/ssn/wiki/SSN_Sensor#Measuring A relation between some aspect of a sensing entity and a feature. For example, from a sensor to the features it can observe properties of, or from a deployment to the features it was installed to observe. Also from a measurement capability to the feature the capability is described for. (Used in conjunction with forProperty). http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn of feature http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/ssn/wiki/SSN_Skeleton#Skeleton Relation between a System (e.g., a Sensor) and a Platform. The relation locates the sensor relative to other described entities entities: i.e., the Sensor s1's location is Platform p1. More precise locations for sensors in space (relative to other entities, where attached to another entity, or in 3D space) are made using DOLCE's Regions (SpaceRegion). http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn on platform http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/ssn/wiki/SSN_Deploy#PlatformSite skos:exactMatch 'resultQuality' [O&M - ISO/DIS 19156] http://portal.opengeospatial.org/files/?artifact_id=41579 Relation linking an Observation to the adjudged quality of the result. This is of course complimentary to the MeasurementCapability information recorded for the Sensor that made the Observation. http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn quality of observation http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/ssn/wiki/SSN_Observation#Observation http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn start time http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/ssn/wiki/SSN_Base#Time describes hasLocation hasPart hasParticipant hasQuality hasRegion includesEvent includesObject isDescribedBy isLocationOf isObjectIncludedIn isParticipantIn isQualityOf isRegionFor isSettingFor generate hasPotCause hasState hasUnit isOwnedBy subscribe triggers description linkTo name http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/ssn/ A device is a physical piece of technology - a system in a box. Devices may of course be built of smaller devices and software components (i.e. systems have components). http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn Device http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/ssn/wiki/SSN_Device#Device skos:exactMatch 'sensor' [SensorML OGC-0700] http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/sensorml skos:closeMatch 'observation procedure' [O&M] http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/om O&M allows sensors, methods, instruments, systems, algorithms and process chains as the processUsed of an observation; this ontology allows a similar range of things (any thing that can do sensing), just they are all grouped under the term sensor (which is thus wider than the O&M concept). A sensor can do (implements) sensing: that is, a sensor is any entity that can follow a sensing method and thus observe some Property of a FeatureOfInterest. Sensors may be physical devices, computational methods, a laboratory setup with a person following a method, or any other thing that can follow a Sensing Method to observe a Property. http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn Sensor http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/ssn/wiki/SSN_Skeleton#Skeleton http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/ssn/ An Event in the real world that 'triggers' the sensor. The properties associated to the stimulus may be different to eventual observed property. It is the event, not the object that triggers the sensor. http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn Stimulus http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/ssn/wiki/SSN_Skeleton#Skeleton Event Anomaly 26.0 20.0 EntityType Location ObservedCause 30.0 Owner PhysicalProcess large scale location small scale location State 26.0 20.0 WoT_Entity 1 -1 0