"""
.. _ex-sim-source:

==============================
Generate simulated source data
==============================

This example illustrates how to use the :class:`mne.simulation.SourceSimulator`
class to generate source estimates and raw data. It is meant to be a brief
introduction and only highlights the simplest use case.

"""
# Author: Kostiantyn Maksymenko <kostiantyn.maksymenko@gmail.com>
#         Samuel Deslauriers-Gauthier <sam.deslauriers@gmail.com>
#
# License: BSD-3-Clause
# Copyright the MNE-Python contributors.

# %%

import numpy as np

import mne
from mne.datasets import sample

print(__doc__)

# %%
# For this example, we will be using the information of the sample subject.
# This will download the data if it not already on your machine. We also set
# the subjects directory so we don't need to give it to functions.
data_path = sample.data_path()
subjects_dir = data_path / "subjects"
subject = "sample"

# %%
# First, we get an info structure from the test subject.
evoked_fname = data_path / "MEG" / subject / "sample_audvis-ave.fif"
info = mne.io.read_info(evoked_fname)
tstep = 1.0 / info["sfreq"]

# %%
# To simulate sources, we also need a source space. It can be obtained from the
# forward solution of the sample subject.
fwd_fname = data_path / "MEG" / subject / "sample_audvis-meg-eeg-oct-6-fwd.fif"
fwd = mne.read_forward_solution(fwd_fname)
src = fwd["src"]

# %%
# To select a region to activate, we use the caudal middle frontal to grow
# a region of interest.
selected_label = mne.read_labels_from_annot(
    subject, regexp="caudalmiddlefrontal-lh", subjects_dir=subjects_dir
)[0]
location = "center"  # Use the center of the region as a seed.
extent = 10.0  # Extent in mm of the region.
label = mne.label.select_sources(
    subject, selected_label, location=location, extent=extent, subjects_dir=subjects_dir
)

# %%
# Define the time course of the activity for each source of the region to
# activate. Here we use a sine wave at 18 Hz with a peak amplitude
# of 10 nAm.
source_time_series = np.sin(2.0 * np.pi * 18.0 * np.arange(100) * tstep) * 10e-9

# %%
# Define when the activity occurs using events. The first column is the sample
# of the event, the second is not used, and the third is the event id. Here the
# events occur every 200 samples.
n_events = 50
events = np.zeros((n_events, 3), int)
events[:, 0] = 100 + 200 * np.arange(n_events)  # Events sample.
events[:, 2] = 1  # All events have the sample id.

# %%
# Create simulated source activity. Here we use a SourceSimulator whose
# add_data method is key. It specified where (label), what
# (source_time_series), and when (events) an event type will occur.
source_simulator = mne.simulation.SourceSimulator(src, tstep=tstep)
source_simulator.add_data(label, source_time_series, events)

# %%
# Project the source time series to sensor space and add some noise. The source
# simulator can be given directly to the simulate_raw function.
raw = mne.simulation.simulate_raw(info, source_simulator, forward=fwd)
cov = mne.make_ad_hoc_cov(raw.info)
mne.simulation.add_noise(raw, cov, iir_filter=[0.2, -0.2, 0.04])
raw.plot()

# %%
# Plot evoked data to get another view of the simulated raw data.
events = mne.find_events(raw)
epochs = mne.Epochs(raw, events, 1, tmin=-0.05, tmax=0.2)
evoked = epochs.average()
evoked.plot()