An ontology to represent medically relevant actions, procedures, therapies, interventions, and recommendations.
Refraining from performing, acting, or behaving some behavior.
avoided behavior
Uses of chemicals which affect the course of conditions, diseases, syndromes or pathology to benefit the health of an individual.
therapeutic uses
Action of refraining from recommending, performing, or participating in some medical actions.
avoided medical action
Refraining from consumption of some types of food.
avoided food
A clinically prescribed procedure, therapy, intervention, or recommendation.
medical action
All manners of treatment, be they pharmaceuticals, invasive procedures, etc. to relieve illness and injury in attempts to bring the body back to its normal state.
An action or administration of therapeutic agents to produce an effect that is intended to alter or stop a pathologic process.
therapeutic procedure
Any procedure or test to diagnose a disease or disorder.
diagnostic procedure
A diagnostic or treatment procedure performed by manual and/or instrumental means, often involving an incision and the removal or replacement of a diseased organ or tissue; of or relating to or involving or used in surgery or requiring or amenable to treatment by surgery.
surgical procedure
Any technology or method that aids in the visualization of any biological process, cell, tissue or organ for use in screening, diagnosis, surgical procedures or therapy.
clinical imaging procedure
Any procedure that involves testing or manipulating a sample of blood, urine, or other body substance in a laboratory setting for diagnosis, treatment, or therapy.
clinical laboratory procedure
A test that involves the administration of contrast dye and X-ray imaging in order to be able to see soft tissue within the body. Dye can be added intravenously, ingested, or other methods.
radiograph imaging with contrast dye
Behavioral or regulatory nutritional interventions aim at modifying nutritional intake which have an impact on health outcomes.
nutrition intervention
Cognitive and behavioral interventions are therapies that are designed to decrease symptoms and foster the belief that one has control over thoughts, beliefs, attitudes, and skills to facilitate coping.
cognitive and behavioral intervention
The treatment of deformity or disease through mechanical force and movement, including both active and passive exercises, intended to ameliorate injury, increase mobility, and improve overall function.
physical therapy
A surgery performed on specific region of the body.
Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) or “complementary health approaches” are a group of diverse medical and health care practices and products that are not presently considered to be part of conventional medicine.
complementary or alternative medical procedure
complementary and alternative medical therapy
Treatment of a disease by means of exposure of the target or the whole body to radiation. Radiation therapy is often used as part of curative therapy and occasionally as a component of palliative treatment for cancer. Other uses include total body irradiation prior to transplantation.
radiation therapy
A type of treatment that uses substances derived from or made by living organisms to treat disease; this includes both naturally occurring and synthetic products.
biologic therapy
Cell therapy is therapy in which cellular material is injected into a patient.
cellular therapy
A therapy or action designed to prevent disease or ailment.
preventative therapy
A broad subcategory of medical signs or objective indications of medical state which can be measured accurately and reproducibly.
biomarker analysis
A radiographic examination of the esophagus in which the esophagusis made visible by barium or a water-soluble contrast administered orally prior to the examination.
esophography with contrast
A behavioral modification or implementation of a behavior designed to prevent disease or ailment.
behavioral preventative care
An approach that improves the quality of life of patients and their families facing the problems associated with life-threatening illness, through the prevention and relief of suffering by means of early identification and impeccable assessment and treatment of pain and other problems, physical, psychosocial, and spiritual’.
palliative care
A service delivery system that provides palliative care/medicine when life expectancy is 6 months or less and when curative or life-prolonging therapy is no longer indicated.
hospice care
Treatment with an agent that can alter brain chemistry leading to mood and/or behaviorial changes.
mood and behavior-altering agent therapy
Any surgical procedure conducted on the camera-type eye.
Care for patients with a progressive life-limiting disease with a prognosis of months or less.
end-of life care
The production of heat in a body part by high-frequency electrical currents to stimulate circulation, relieve pain, cauterization, or destroy tissue.
diathermy
A therapy using microwaves to focus on and heat up tissue with high water content, such as muscle.
microwave diathermy
A deep heating modality that uses high-frequency acoustic vibrations within body tissues for the treatment of certain medical conditions, such as the alleviation of pain, muscle spasms, and joint contractures.
ultrasound therapy
Quantification of cell characteristics, including morphological or physiological parameter of one or more cells in order to determine the health of the patient and/or detect disease.
cell measurement
A form of deep heat therapy can induce vasodilatation, elevation of pain threshold, reduction in muscle spasm, acceleration of cellular metabolism, increased soft tissue extensibility, increase blood flow, decrease joint pain and stiffness, reduce inflammation, faster resolution of edema, and accelerate wound healing.
short wave diathermy
Any medical procedure used to sustain the life of a patient in critical condition.
life support care
obsolete therapeutic avoidance of behavior
A measurement of the shape, structure, form, and size of cells from a patient to determine if there is disease and/or infection.
cell morphology assessment
All manners of treatment to relieve illness and injury of a particular body site or system.
therapeutic procedure by site
obsolete therapeutic mental or psychological behavior avoidance
A clinical recommendation to avoid preventable diseases by vaccination or otherwise lowering risk for certain diseases.
preventable disease avoidance recommendation
Avoidance of an illness or infection that can be spread from person to person, animal to person, animal to animal or person to animal by taking precautionary measures, such as good hygiene practices or vaccines.
communicable disease avoidance
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding or preventing Dehydration.
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding or preventing Hypertension.
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding or preventing Obesity.
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding or preventing Inflammatory abnormality of the skin.
Inflammatory abnormality of the skin avoidance
avoid Inflammatory abnormality of the skin recommendation
inflammation of the skin prevention recommendation
Recommendation by a clinician to avoid exercise or physical activity.
avoidance of physical activity recommendation
avoidance of physical activity therapeutic recommendation
physical activity avoidance recommendation
A recommendation by a clinician or therapist to avoid any impact activities to prevent medical issues or help the physical wellbeing of a patient.
therapeutic recommendation to avoid impact activities
impact activities avoidance recommendation
A recommendation by a clinician or therapist to avoid isometric exercises to prevent medical issues or help the physical wellbeing of a patient.
therapeutic recommendation to avoid isometric exercise
isometric exercise avoidance recommendation
A clinical recommendation to avoid or refrain from certain environmental exposures in order to maintain health or ameliorate symptoms.
therapeutic avoidance of environmental exposure
A clinical recommendation to avoid or refrain from unnecessary radiation exposure.
radiation exposure avoidance
A clinical recommendation to avoid or refrain from unnecessary sulight exposure.
sunlight avoidance
A clinical recommendation to avoid the process of taking in of nutrients, especially by eating or drinking, considered in relation to the body’s dietary needs.
nutrition intake avoidance
Use of a substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose.
Use of a drug to treat or prevent bacterial infections.
treatment with an anti-bacterial medication
treatment with an anti-bacterial therapy
treatment with an antibacterial medication
Use of a substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.
treatment with anti-neoplastic medication
treatment with antineoplastic medication
Sustained exercise that places an increased oxygen demand on the cardiovascular system and promotes an increased efficiency of the body's use of oxygen.
A medical recommendation of sustained exercise that places an increased oxygen demand on the cardiovascular system and promotes an increased efficiency of the body's use of oxygen.
aerobic exercise therapy
The administration of oxygen to an individual, usually to aid in respiration.
Inhalation of oxygen aimed at restoring toward normal any pathophysiologic alterations of gas exchange in the cardiopulmonary system, as by the use of a respirator, nasal catheter, tent, chamber, or mask. (From Dorland, 27th ed & Stedman, 25th ed)
supplemental oxygen therapy
A procedure designed to help you breathe easier when your lungs have been damaged by disease. The goal of the surgery is to remove the area of the lung most affected by disease, allowing the remaining lung to function more efficiently, and improve your breathing ability and quality of life.
lung volume reduction surgery
Transference of a tissue or organ within an individual, between individuals of the same species, or between individuals of different species.
transplantation procedure
obsolete lung transplantation surgical procedure
A clinical recommendation to avoid or refrain from unnecessary chemical exposure.
chemical exposure avoidance
The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the human body.
2D ultrasounds produce a flat image of the organs. 3D images show three-dimensional external images of organs or fetus. 4D ultrasounds generates an image that is continuously updated, like amoving image.
A procedure that uses high-energy sound waves to look at tissues and organs inside the body. The sound waves make echoes that form pictures of the tissues and organs on a computer screen (sonogram). Ultrasound may be used to help diagnose diseases, such as cancer. It may also be used during pregnancy to check the fetus (unborn baby) and during medical procedures, such as biopsies. Also called ultrasonography.
ultrasonography procedure
A procedure to measure pancreatic secretion to discriminate between pancreatic and nonpancreatic causes of malabsorption.
pancreatic function testing
The quantitative measurement of digestive system tests to diagnose or treat a digestive disorder using clinical laboratory procedures, imaging tests, endoscopic or other procedures.
digestive system testing
The act of receiving professional guidance in resolving personal conflicts and emotional problems.
behavioral counseling
Counseling designed to guide and support an individual to overcome alcohol dependence.
alcoholism counseling
The process whereby an expert in hereditary disorders provides information about risk and clinical burden of a disorder or disorders to patients or relatives in families with genetic disorders as an aid to making informed and responsible decisions about marriage, children, early diagnosis, and handling disability.
genetic counseling
A wide range of techniques and psychotherapies aimed at controlling a person's level of stress.
stress management therapy
A process by which a health professional provides education, recommendations, or interventions to help clients stop using tobacco products. (ACC)
tobacco cessation counseling
The practice of piercing specific points on the body with very thin sterile needles in order to relieve pain or induce regional anesthesia.
acupuncture therapy
Continuous and profound contemplation or musing on a subject or series of subjects of a deep or abstruse nature; contemplation of spiritual matters
meditation therapy
An ancient system of practices used to balance the mind and body through exercise, meditation (focusing thoughts), and control of breathing and emotions. Yoga is being studied as a way to relieve stress and treat sleep problems.
yoga therapy
An alternative medical system that focuses on the relationship between bodily structure (primarily that of the spine) and function, and how that relationship affects the preservation and restoration of health. Chiropractors use manipulative therapy as an integral treatment tool.
chiropractic therapy
A therapeutic method of manipulation, methodical pressure, friction, and kneading of the body. (from Taber's)
massage therapy
Any alteration or treatment in an individual's diet with a planned goal, usually designed to improve the individual's overall health.
dietary intervention
The restriction of energy (calorie) intake below the amount required for weight maintenance.
primarily food‐based low‐calorie diet intake
calorie restrictive diet intake
Delivery of enteral nutrition via a tube placed into the stomach, duodenum, or jejunum.
enteral nutrition intake
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of large amounts of alcohol.
excessive alcohol avoidance
A clinical recommendation to avoid foods with high concentrations of estrogen.
Some processed foods and soy contain large amounts of estrogen.
estrogen-containing food avoidance
obsolete excessive iron consumption avoidance
A clinical recomendation to avoid high-protein diets which may worsen kidney function.
excessive protein consumption avoidance
Clinical recommendation to avoid fasting due to health risks.
fasting avoidance
Abstinence from all or some kinds of food or drink, particularly for religious observance, medical nutrition therapy, or prior to a medical procedure.
fasting intervention
The addition of one or more elements and/or chemical compounds that are either absent or deficient in an individual's daily diet.
nutritional supplementation
Addition of multivitamin preparation to a diet for complete nutrition support.
dietary supplementation of multivitamin preparation
multivitamin preparation supplemental intake
supplementation of multivitamin preparation
A dietary supplement containing all or most of the vitamins that may not be readily available in the diet. Vitamins may be classified according to their solubility either in lipids (vitamins A, D, E, K, F) or in water (vitamins C, B-complex). Present in minute amounts in various foods, vitamins are essential to maintaining normal metabolism and biochemical functions.
Addition of iron atom to a diet for complete nutrition support.
Oral iron supplementation is an effective and well‐studied option to replenish iron stores.
Addition of vitamin C to a diet for complete nutrition support.
Addition of vitamin D to a diet for complete nutrition support.
Addition of food antioxidant to a diet for adequate and complete nutrition.
antioxidant therapy
dietary supplementation of food antioxidant
Treatment with antioxidants in order to protect cells against damage caused by oxygen-free radicals.
Administration of nutritional support by means of a tube passed into the stomach.
gavage nutrition intake
Total parenteral nutrition formulated for intravenous administration in patients who cannot eat or cannot get enough nutrients from the foods they eat. It is a liquid mixture of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals and other nutrients.
total parenteral nutrition intake
Any action taken for the purpose of improving or maintaining an individual's memory.
memory intervention
A behavioral modification or implementation of a behavior designed to prevent smoking.
smoking prevention
The prevention of conception or impregnation by the use of devices or drugs or surgery.
contraceptive pregnancy prevention
Immunization is the process whereby a person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease, typically by the administration of a vaccine.
preventative immunization
Active immunity refers to the process of exposing the body to an antigen to generate an adaptive immune response: the response takes days/weeks to develop but may be long lasting—even lifelong.
active immunization
Passive immunity refers to the process of providing IgG antibodies to protect against infection; it gives immediate, but short-lived protection.
passive immunization
The intentional exposure to a disease in order to achieve immunization.
disease exposure immunization
The use of any device, marker, or other means for the purpose of detecting the presence of disease, usually in asymptomatic individuals.
disease screening
Testing conducted utilizing a manual or microprocessor audiometer to test for hearing loss.
audiometric testing
The use of any device, marker, or other means for the purpose of detecting the presence Neoplasm, usually in asymptomatic individuals.
The process of isolating and testing the DNA of an embryo or a person to detect the presence of genetic alterations or defects that may predispose to the future development of a disease or disorder.
genetic testing
A diagnostic or therapeutic procedure in which an endoscope is inserted in a tubular organ to examine the structural architecture and/or remove abnormal tissues.
endoscopic procedure
A diagnostic or therapeutic procedure in which an endoscope is inserted in a tubular portion of a specific body part or body location.
endoscopy by site
A diagnostic or therapeutic procedure in which an endoscope is inserted in a tubular organ using a specific endoscopic technique.
specific technique endoscopy
An endoscopic technique that allows deep intubation of the small intestine while using a standard endoscope. An inflatable balloon attached to the endoscope's tip acts as a stabilizer and a second balloon that is advanced ahead of the endoscope acts as a pulling device.
balloon-guided endoscopic procedure
Endoscopy that employs the use of tissue stains to increase tissue contrast, and enhance the ability to identify various tissue dysplasia and other abnormalities.
chromoendoscopy
A low-cost, high-resolution imaging tool consisting of a 1-mm diameter fiber-optic bundle that produces subcellular imaging at 1,000x magnification and 4 micrometer resolution, allowing for minimally invasive bioimaging.
high-resolution microendoscopy
A technique for measuring the gamma radiation produced by collisions of electrons and positrons (anti-electrons) within living tissue. In positron emission tomography (PET), a subject is given a dose of a positron-emitting radionuclide attached to a metabolically active substance (for example, 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG), which is similar to a naturally occurring sugar, glucose, with the addition of a radioactive fluorine atom). When living tissue containing the positron emitter is bombarded by electrons, gamma radiation produced by collisions of electrons and positrons is detected by a scanner, revealing in fine detail the tissue location of the metabolically-active substance administered.
positron emission tomography procedure
Ultrasound imaging following the administration of a microbubble contrast agent.
contrast-enhanced ultrasound procedure
A postmortem examination of the body that includes an examination of the internal organs and structures after dissection to determine the cause of death and the nature of pathological changes.
autopsy procedure
A procedure to examine and define cellular anatomy or function. The test results are often used by a clinician to diagnose disease or disordered function.
clinical cytological testing
A biospecimen collection and staining procedure in which secretions and superficial cells of the cervix are collected and stained with the Papanicolaou stain followed by microscopic examination to identify the presence of abnormal cells.
pap smear examination
A diagnostic technique for lung cancer detection. Looks for abnormal cell cytology in sputum.
sputum cytology examination
urine cytology examination
Technique or procedure used for the study of the microanatomy of tissues and their cellular structure; usually involves microscopic examination of tissue slices.
histological examination
A procedure to determine the number of cells in a clinical sample.
clinical cell count
A procedure to measure hematopoietic components and investigate hematologic disorders in a blood sample.
hematology testing
The determination of the maximum amount of oxygen that can be combined chemically with hemoglobin in a volume of blood.
oxygen capacity assessment
A measure of the volume of red blood cells expressed as a percentage of the total blood volume. Normal in males is 43-49%, in females 37-43%.
hematocrit assessment
A medical recommendation to avoid a particular therapy, intervention, medication, or procedure.
therapeutic avoidance intervention
Administration of intravenous infusions of alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor at regular schedules is a specific therapy for individuals with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) with pulmonary involvement.
augmentation therapy
Treatment with a drug used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
Use of a substance used to treat or prevent parasitic infections.
treatment with anti-parasitic medication
A therapy capable of relieving pain without the loss of consciousness or without producing anaesthesia. In addition, analgesic is a role played by a compound which is exhibited by a capability to cause a reduction of pain symptoms.
analgesic pharmacotherapeutic agent therapy
Treatment with a mood-stimulating drug used primarily in the treatment of affective disorders and related conditions.
Use of a substance that attaches to and blocks cell receptors.
Use of any agent that can alter adrenal gland functions.
treatment with adrenal modifying medication
adrenal-modifying, hormonal agent therapy
Treatment with a drug that alleviates anxiety, tension, and anxiety disorders, promote sedation, and have a calming effect without affecting the clarity of consciousness or neurologic conditions.
Pharmaceutical Anti-gout Preparations such as colchicine, allopurinol, probenecid, and sulfinpyrazone contain natural or synthetic agents against gout, a condition characterized by increased uric acid accumulation. Anti-gout agents may reduce inflammation, stimulate elimination of uric acid, or increase production of uric acid. (NCI04)
treatment with gout suppressant medication
Therapy using an agent that promotes the excretion of urine through its effects on kidney function
Treatment with an agent that control agitated psychotic behavior, alleviate acute psychotic states, reduce psychotic symptoms, and exert a quieting effect.
Treatment with a drug used to prevent seizures or reduce their severity.
treatment with anticonvulsant medication
Treatment with a substance used in the prophylaxis or therapy of virus diseases.
Use of a compound that has anti-inflammatory effects.
anti-inflammatory agent treatment therapy
A therapy utilizing a substance which produces loss of feeling or sensation.
Treatment with medications to improve cognition and function for patients with dementia.
antidementia agent therapy
A grouping of agents that are used as antidotes, deterrents, or to counteract the effects of a toxic agents on the body.
therapeutic antidotes, deterrents, and toxicologic agent therapy
Treatment with a drug used to prevent nausea or vomiting.
Use of a drug to prevent or treat fungal infections in humans or animals.
treatment with an anti-fungal medication
Any drug that works to lower abnormally high glucose (sugar) levels in the blood, which are characteristic of the endocrine system disorder known as diabetes mellitus.
Treatment with an agent that regulates blood glucose levels.
blood glucose regulator therapy
Use of a drug that acts on blood and blood-forming organs and those that affect the hemostatic system.
Treatment with a drug that promotes coagulation.
coagulant agent therapy
Use of an agent that prevents blood clotting.
Treatment with an agent that stimulates formation of blood cells.
blood formation agent therapy
Use of a drug which antagonizes or impairs any mechanism leading to blood platelet aggregation, whether during the phases of activation and shape change or following the dense-granule release reaction and stimulation of the prostaglandin-thromboxane system.
platelet aggregation inhibitor agent treatment
treatment with platelet aggregation antagonist
treatment with platelet aggregation blocker
treatment with platelet aggregation inhibitor
Use of a drug that affects the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter or blood volume.
agent affecting cardiovascular system therapy
treatment with cardiovascular medication
Treatment with a drug that acts on an alpha-adrenergic receptor.
alpha adrenergic receptor drug treatment
alpha-adrenergic modifying agent therapy
alpha-adrenergic receptor drug treatment
treatment with alpha adrenergic medication
treatment with alpha-adrenergic medication
treatment with alpha-adrenergic receptor agent
treatment with alpha-adrenergic receptor drug
treatment with alpha-adrenergic receptor medication
Treatment with an agent that selectively binds to and activates alpha-adrenergic receptors.
alpha adrenergic agonist agent drug treatment
alpha adrenergic receptor agonist therapy
alpha adrentergic receptor agonist agent therapy
alpha-adrenergic receptor agonist drug therapy
alpha-adrenergic receptor agonist treatment
alpha-adrenoceptor agonist agent therapy
Treatment with an agent that binds to but does not activate alpha-adrenergic receptors thereby blocking the actions of endogenous or exogenous alpha-adrenergic agonists.
a-adrenergic receptor antagonist drug treatment
alpha adrenergic antagonist drug therapy
alpha-adrenergic antagonist agent treatment
alpha-adrenergic antagonist drug therapy
alpha-adrenergic antagonist drug treatment
alpha-adrenergic antagonist medication therapy
alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonist agent therapy
alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonist drug therapy
alpha-adrenergic receptor blockader therapy
alpha-adrenergic receptor blocker therapy
treatment with alpha-adrenergic antagonist
treatment with alpha-adrenergic antagonist drug
treatment with alpha-adrenergic antagonist medication
Treatment with a drug for prevention of cardiac arrhythmias. Anti-arrhythmia drugs may affect the polarisation-repolarisation phase of the action potential, its excitability or refractoriness, or impulse conduction or membrane responsiveness within cardiac fibres.
treatment with anti-arrhythmia medication
treatment with anti-arrhythmic medication
treatment with antiarrhythmic medication
Treatment with a drug that acts on beta-adrenergic receptors.
beta adrenergic receptor agent treatment
beta-adrenergic modifying drug treatment
treatment with beta-adrenergic medication
Treatment with an agent that binds to but does not activate beta-adrenergic receptors thereby blocking the actions of endogenous or exogenous beta-adrenergic agonists.
b-adrenergic receptor antagonist therapy
beta adrenergic antagonist agent treatment
beta adrenergic antagonist drug treatment
beta adrenergic receptor antagonist therapy
beta-adrenergic antagonist agent treatment
beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist drug treatment
beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist therapy
beta-adrenergic receptor blockader therapy
treatment with beta-adrenergic antagonist
treatment with beta-adrenergic antagonist agent
treatment with beta-adrenergic antagonist drug
treatment with beta-adrenergic antagonist medication
obsolete calcium channel blocker agent therapy
Therapy using an agent that reduces plasma lipids, such as cholesterol or low density lipoproteins (LDL), acting systemically or locally (intestines) to decrease fat digestion, absorption, production, and accumulation in the plasma and reducing pathogenic atherosclerosis and thrombosis.
treatment with anti-lipidemic medication
Treatment with Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors, a group of drugs that act by inhibiting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and include angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs), and direct renin inhibitors
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor therapy
treatment with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor
RAAS inhibitor therapy
A therapy using a drug to cause dilation of the blood vessels.
vasodilator agent therapy
obsolete other cardiovascular agent therapy
Use of a drug that has principally analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory actions. Non-narcotic analgesics do not bind to opioid receptors.
non-narcotic analgesic medication treatement
non-opioid analgesics medication therapy
non-opioid analgesics medication treatment
Use of a narcotic or opioid substance, synthetic or semisynthetic agent producing profound analgesia, drowsiness, and changes in mood.
Treatment with any member of a group of drugs that reversibly inhibit the propagation of signals along nerves. Wide variations in potency, stability, toxicity, water-solubility and duration of action determine the route used for administration, e.g. topical, intravenous, epidural or spinal block.
An antibacterial substance with aminoglycoside structure.
aminoglycoside agent therapy
Use of a class of beta-lactam antibiotics differing from the penicillins in having a 6-membered, rather than a 5-membered, side ring.
cephalosporin antibacterial agent therapy
treatment with cephalosporin antibacterial drug
treatment with cephalosporin antibacterial medication
treatment with cephalosporin antibiotic drug
treatment with cephalosporin antibiotic medication
Although cephalosporins are among the most commonly used antibiotics in the treatment of routine infections, and their use is increasing over time, they can cause a range of hypersensitivity reactions, from mild, delayed-onset cutaneous reactions to life-threatening anaphylaxis in patients with immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergy.
Use of an antibacterial substance with penicillin structure.
treatment with penicillin antibacterial drug
treatment with penicillin antibacterial medication
treatment with penicillin antibiotic agent
treatment with penicillin antibiotic drug
treatment with penicillin antibiotic medication
treatment with penicillin antibiotic therapy
Use of a drug with a macrocyclic lactone with a ring of twelve or more members which exhibits antibiotic activity.
Treatment with a macrolide antibacterial agent
Treatment with a macrolide antibacterial drug
Treatment with a macrolide antibacterial medication
Treatment with a macrolide antibiotic agent
Treatment with a macrolide antibiotic drug
Treatment with a macrolide antibiotic medication
Use of an organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic whose structure contains a quinolone or quinolone-related skeleton.
treatment with quinolone antibacterial agent
treatment with quinolone antibacterial drug
treatment with quinolone antibacterial medication
treatment with quinolone antibiotic agent
treatment with quinolone antibiotic drug
treatment with quinolone antibiotic medication
Use of a class of sulfonamides whose members generally have bacteriostatic antibiotic properties.
treatment with a sulfonamide antibacterial drug
treatment with a sulfonamide antibacterial medication
treatment with a sulfonamide antibiotic agent
treatment with a sulfonamide antibiotic drug
treatment with a sulfonamide antibiotic medication
treatment with a sulfonamide antibiotic therapy
Treatment with a broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.
treatment with a tetracycline antibacterial agent
treatment with a tetracycline antibacterial drug
treatment with a tetracycline antibacterial medication
treatment with a tetracycline antibacterial therapy
treatment with a tetracycline antibiotic agent
treatment with a tetracycline antibiotic drug
treatment with a tetracycline antibiotic medication
treatment with a tetracycline antibiotic therapy
Treatment with a drug that can regulate intracellular calcium levels.
treatment with calcium channel modifying agent
treatment with calcium channel modifying medication
treatment with calcium channel modulator
Treatment with a substance, such as agonists, antagonists, degradation or uptake inhibitors, depleters, precursors, and modulators of receptor function, used for its pharmacological actions on GABAergic systems.
gamma-aminobutyric acid modulating agent therapy
treatment with gamma-aminobutyric acid augmenting agent
treatment with gamma-aminobutyric acid augmenting drug
treatment with gamma-aminobutyric acid augmenting medication
Treatment with an agent which decreases glutamate.
glutamate reducing agent therapy
Use of a drug that inhibits sodium influx through cell membranes.
treatment with sodium channel antagonist
They are a group of drugs that block the normal breakdown of acetylcholine (ACh) into acetate and choline and thereby increase both the levels and duration of actions of acetylcholine found in the central and peripheral nervous system.
cholinesterase inhibitor medication therapy
treatment with EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
Neurogenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, and Lewy body dementia are indications for cholinesterase inhibitor therapy.
Treatment with an agent which modifies glutamate.
glutamate pathway modifying drug treatment
glutamatergic pathway modifying agent therapy
A drug that acts as an inhibitor that interferes with the action of monoamine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.4).
treatment with EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
Any substance that inhibits monoamine oxidase (MAO), an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative deamination of monoamines and plays a role in the inactivation of neurotransmitters.
Treatment with a medication that increases the extracellular level of the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine by inhibiting their reuptake into the presynaptic cell.
serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor agent therapy
serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor drug therapy
serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor drug treatment
serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor therapy
serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor agent therapy
serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor drug treatment
serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor drug treatment
serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor agent therapy
Treatment with mood-stimulating agents which contain a tricyclic structure and are used primarily in the treatment of affective disorders and related conditions.
tricyclic antidepressant agent therapy
Treatment with a therapeutic substance used to counteract the toxic action(s) of a specified xenobiotic.
antidote agent therapy
Medication given to prevent or deter a patient from using a substance.
abuse deterrent agent therapy
An agent used to treat a toxicologic agent.
toxicologic agent therapy
Treatment with a class of steroid hormones that regulate a variety of physiological processes, in particular control of the concentration of glucose in blood.
treatment with a glucocorticoid medication
Treatment with an anti-inflammatory drug that is not a steroid. In addition to anti-inflammatory actions, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions. They act by blocking the synthesis of prostaglandins by inhibiting cyclooxygenase, which converts arachidonic acid to cyclic endoperoxides, precursors of prostaglandins.
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication treatment
treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication
Treatment with medications to alleviate symptoms and occurrence of migraine headaches.
antimigraine agent therapy
Use of medication to treat migraine headache symptoms acutely.
abortive anti migraine medication therapy
treatment with abortive antimigraine agent
abortive antimigraine agent therapy
Use of medication to decrease the occurrence of migraine headaches.
prophylactic migraine headache treatment
prophylactic treament of migraine headache
treatment with prophylactic antimigraine agent
prophylactic antimigraine agent therapy
Medication given by mouth or by injection to treat myasthenia gravis.
antimyasthenic agent therapy
Treatment with a drug to activate the parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS). They can act as direct agonists of acetylcholine receptors (ACh) or indirect agonists of ACh. While direct agonists act by binding directly to muscarinic or nicotinic ACh receptors, indirect agonists prolong the action of endogenous acetylcholine by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase.
treatment with cholinomimetic medication
treatment with parasympathomimetic agent
treatment with parasympathomimetic medication
Direct agonists of ACh are used topically in ophthalmology to induce miosis, while indirect agonists are used to treat, e.g., postoperative ileus or urinary retention and myasthenia gravis.
parasympathomimetic therapy
Use of a treat or prevent infections caused by Mycobacteria, a genus of actinobacteria.
treatment with an anti-mycobacterial agent
treatment with an anti-mycobacterial drug
treatment with an anti-mycobacterial medication
treatment with an anti-mycobacterial therapy
treatment with an antimycobacterial agent
treatment with an antimycobacterial drug
treatment with an antimycobacterial medication
Use of a substance that kills or slows the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is used in the treatment of tuberculosis.
treatment with an anti-tubercular medication
treatment with an anti-tubercular therapy
treatment with an antitubercular medication
Use of a substance that suppresses Mycobacterium leprae, ameliorates the clinical manifestations of leprosy, and/or reduces the incidence and severity of leprous reactions.
An antineoplastic agent that replaces hydrogen atom(s) in nucleophilic moieties with alky radical(s), hindering proper function. Alkylating agents exhibit cytotoxic effects through the alkylation of DNA, resulting in strand cross-linking, ultimately inhibiting DNA replication and cancer cell growth.
anti-neoplastic alkylating agent therapy
Highly reactive chemical that introduces alkyl radicals into biologically active molecules and thereby prevents their proper functioning. It could be used as an antineoplastic agent, but it might be very toxic, with carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and immunosuppressant actions. It could also be used as a component of poison gases.
Use of an agent or endogenous substance that inhibits the formation of capillaries from existing blood vessels.
treatment with angiogenesis antagonist agent
treatment with angiogenesis antagonist drug
treatment with angiogenesis antagonist medication
treatment with angiogenesis blocker agent
treatment with angiogenesis blocker drug
treatment with angiogenesis blocker medication
treatment with angiogenesis inhibitor agent
treatment with angiogenesis inhibitor drug
treatment with angiogenesis inhibitor medication
treatment with anti-angiogenic medication
treatment with antiangiogenic medication
Treatment of cancer that utilizes antimetabolite substances to disrupt DNA, RNA, or protein synthesis.
treatment with anti-metabolite medication
treatment with antimetabolite medication
antimetabolite agent therapy
Treatment with an EC 1.14.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, incorporating of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor) inhibitor which interferes with the action of aromatase (EC 1.14.14.14) and so reduces production of estrogenic steroid hormones.
treatment with EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
treatment with aromatase inhibitor agent
treatment with aromatase inhibitor medication
treatment with estrogen synthetase inhibitor agent
treatment with estrogen synthetase inhibitor drug
treatment with estrogen synthetase inhibitor medication
treatment with estrogen synthetase inhibitor therapy
treatment with oestrogen synthetase inhibitor agent
treatment with oestrogen synthetase inhibitor drug
treatment with oestrogen synthetase inhibitor medication
A treatment that uses drugs to target specific genes and proteins that are involved in the growth and survival of cancer cells.
antineoplastic molecular target inhibitor drug treatment
cancer targeted inhibitor drug treatment
treatment with targeted cancer medication
antineoplastic molecular target inhibitor agent therapy
Treatment with a biological agent (monoclonal antibody) that target factors responsible for deregulated cell proliferation as in cancer.
antineoplastic monoclonal antibodies therapy
antineoplastic monoclonal antibody drug treatment
antineoplastic monoclonal antibody agent therapy
Use of any of a group of agents that includes retinol (Vitamin A) and related compounds with potential antineoplastic and/or chemopreventive activities.
A retinoic acid agent binds to and/or activates specific nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs), thereby modulating transcription of genes responsible for cell differentiation and proliferation. A retinoic acid agent may exhibit immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties and may inhibit ornithine decarboxylase, resulting in a decrease in polyamine synthesis and keratinization.
retinoid agent therapy
Substance intended to kill parasitic worms (helminths).
anthelmintic agent therapy
Treatment with an antimicrobial drug which is used to treat or prevent protozoal infections.
treatment with an antiprotozoal medication
An agent used to as a treament of ectoparasitic infestations.
ectoparasiticide agent therapy
Treatment with an antiviral drug used for treatment of cytomegalovirus infection.
anti-cytomegalovirus medication treatment
antiviral treatment of cytomegalovirus therapy
anti-cytomegalovirus agent therapy
Treatment with a drug which can have different modes of action but which tend to be less likely than first generation antipsychotics to cause extrapyramidal motor control disabilities such as body rigidity or Parkinson's disease-type movements.
second generation antipsychotic agent therapy
second generation antipsychotic drug treatment
treatment with second generation antipsychotic
Treatment with a drug which can have different modes of action but which tend to be more likely than second generation antipsychotics to cause extrapyramidal motor control disabilities such as body rigidity or Parkinson's disease-type movements; such body movements can become permanent even after treatment has ceased.
conventional antipsychotic drug treatment
first generation antipsychotic agent treatment
first generation antipsychotic drug treatment
treatment with conventional antipsychotic
treatment with first generation antipsychotic
conventional antipsychotic agent therapy
Treatment with an agent that suppresses muscle spasms.
treatmeant with antispasticity medication
treatment with a antispasmodic medication
antispasticity agent therapy
Use of a drug for the treatment and prophylaxis of infection with hepatitis virus(es).
treatment with anti-hepatitis medication
antihepatitis agent therapy
antiherpetic agent therapy
Treatment with an antiviral agent that destroys or inhibits the replication of the human immunodeficiency virus.
treatment with anti-human immunodeficiency virus agent
treatment with anti-human immunodeficiency virus drug
treatment with anti-human immunodeficiency virus medication
Treatment with a drug which interferes with the binding, fusion and entry of an HIV virion to a human cell. By blocking this step in HIV's replication cycle, such agents slow the progression from HIV infection to AIDS.
anti-HIV theraoym fusion inhibitor drug treatment
treatment with HIV fusion inhibitor agent
treatment with HIV fusion inhibitor drug
treatment with HIV fusion inhibitor medication
treatment with HIV fusion inhibitor therapy
Treatment with a substance structurally unlike a nucleoside molecule that is capable of inhibiting the function of a reverse transcriptase. These compounds do not bind to the active site of the polymerase but in a less conserved pocket near the active site, causing a distortion in the shape of the active site and resulting in inhibition of enzymatic function, chain termination, and inhibition of viral replication.
anti-HIV non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor drug therapy
anti-HIV non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor drug treatment
treatment with anti-HIV therapy, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor agent
treatment with anti-HIV therapy, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor drug
treatment with anti-HIV therapy, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor medication
non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor therapy
Treatment with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) which block reverse transcriptase (an HIV enzyme).
anti-HIV nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor drug treatment
treatment with nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor medication
treatment with nucleoside-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor drug
treatment with nucleoside-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor medication
treatment with nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor drug
treatment with nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor medication
nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor therapy
Use of an inhibitor of HIV protease, an enzyme required for production of proteins needed for viral assembly.
treatment with HIV protease inhibitor agent
treatment with HIV protease inhibitor drug
treatment with HIV protease inhibitor medication
Treatment with a drug used for the treatment and prophylaxis of infection with influenza viruses.
treatment with anti-influenza medication
anti-influenza agent therapy
Treatment with an antidepressant that can be used to treat anxiety.
antidepressant anxiolytics
Treatment with used to treat bipolar disorders or mania associated with other affective disorders.
Treatment with any agent that treats or prevents diabetes or diabetes symptoms.
antidiabetic agent therapy
Treatment with any drug or agent taken that maintains ando/or regulates blood glucose levels.
glycemic agent therapy
A synthetic or animal-derived form of insulin used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Therapeutic insulin is formulated to be short-, intermediate- and long-acting in order to individualize an insulin regimen according to individual differences in glucose and insulin metabolism. Therapeutic insulin may be derived from porcine, bovine or recombinant sources. Endogenous human insulin, a pancreatic hormone composed of two polypeptide chains, is important for the normal metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats and has anabolic effects on many types of tissues.
therapeutic insulin preparations treatment
Treatment with drugs producing both physiological and psychological effects through a variety of mechanisms involving the central nervous system.
treatment with central nervous system drug
Treatment with a class of central nervous system stimulants based on the structure of the parent amphetamine 1-phenylpropan-2-amine.
Use of non-stimulant (non-amphetamine) medication for treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
non-stimulant Attention Deficient Hyperactivity Disorder agent therapy
non-stimulant ADHD agent therapy
Any agent or drug used to treat oral diseases.
dental and oral agent therapy
Use of a drug to treat or prevent skin disorders or for the routine care of skin.
obsolete enzyme replacements and modifier agent therapy
Use of a drug for its effects on the gastrointestinal system, e.g. controlling gastric acidity, regulating gastrointestinal motility and water flow, and improving digestion.
treatment with gastrointestinal medication
Treatment to regulate muscle contractions in the gastrointestinal tract.
gastrointestinal anti-spasmodic agent therapy
gastrointestinal antispasmodic agent therapy
gastrointestinal antispasmodic drug treatment
gastrointestinal antispasmodic treatment therapy
gastrointestinal antispasmodics agent therapy
H2-receptor antagonists are the drugs that selectively bind to but do not activate histamine H2 receptors, thereby blocking the actions of endogenous histamine.
H2 receptor antagonist treatment therapy
histamine H2 receptor antagonist therapy
histamine H2 receptor antagonist treatment
H2-receptor antagonist agent therapy
Treatment with any agent that helps treat irritable bowel syndrome.
irritable bowel syndrome agent therapy
Treatment with medications that coat the ulcerated surfaces of gastrointestinal lining and are used mainly for peptic ulcer disease.
gastrointestinal protectant drug treatment
gastrointestinal protectant treatment therapy
gastrointestinal protectant agent therapy
Any one of the substituted benzimidazole compounds with anti-ulcer activity. A proton pump inhibitor is orally administered in the neutrally charged, inactive form and, upon entering the acidic environment of the parietal cell, gets protonated and converted into its active form. The active form will covalently and irreversibly bind to the proton pump, the H+/K+-ATPase, located on the surface of parietal cells. This leads to an inhibition of the transport of hydrogen ions, in exchange for potassium ions, into the gastric lumen and results in an inhibition of gastric acid secretion.
proton pump inhibitor agent therapy
Use of a drug to treat conditions of the reproductive organs and excretory system or urinary tract.
genitourinary agent therapy
Treatment to inhibit involuntary detrusor muscle contractions.
urinary antispasmodic agent therapy
Treatment with agent to increase urine flow in patients with an enlarged prostate.
benign prostate hypertrophy agent therapy
Treatment with agents used to reduce the absorption of dietary phosphate
phosphate binders agent therapy
Treatments that are anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive.
glucocorticoids/ mineralocorticoids therapy
Treatment with an agent or medication that regulates hormones released by the pituitary.
treatment with pituitary modifying agent
treatment with pituitary modifying medication
pituitary-modifying, hormonal agent therapy
Treatment with an agent regulating protaglandins.
treatment with prostaglandin modifying agent
treatment with prostaglandin modifying drug
treatment with prostaglandin modifying medication
prostaglandin-modifying, hormonal agent therapy
Treatment with any agent or medication that modifies androgen, estrogens, and/or progestogens.
sex hormone modifying agent therapy
Use of any agent that can alter hormone levels or modulate hormone effects.
hormone modifying therapy
Treatment with an agent or medication that regulates hormones released by the thyroid.
treatment with thyroid modifying medication
thyroid-modifying hormonal agent therapy
Use of a compound which stimulates anabolism and inhibits catabolism. Anabolic agents stimulate the development of muscle mass, strength, and power.
anabolic steroid modifying drug treatment
anabolic steroid modifying agent therapy
Treatment with an agent to modify androgen action.
androgen modifying agent therapy
A drug which acts to modulates estrogenic activity in the body, either by modulating the amount of estrogen or by modulating the activity of whatever estrogen is present.
treatment with estrogen receptor modulator
treatment with estrogent modifying medication
treatment with oestrogen modifying medication
Treatment with an agent to modify progestin action.
treatment with progestin modifying agent
treatment with progestin modifying medication
progestin modifying agent therapy
Treatment with an agent to that selectively modifies estrogen receptor action.
selective-estrogen receptor modifying agent therapy
Use of a drug to treat hyperparathyroidism by reducing the excessive production of parathyroid hormones.
treatment with antiparathyroid medication
treatment with parathyroid-suppressant agent
treatment with parathyroid-suppressant drug
treatment with parathyroid-suppressant medication
Use of a compound which increases or activates the biosynthesis or actions of androgens.
androgen stimulant agent therapy
Use of a compound which inhibits or antagonizes the biosynthesis or actions of androgens.
treatment with androgen suppressant agent
androgen suppressant hormone agent therapy
Treatment with an agent or medication that stimulates hormones released by the thyroid.
treatment with thyroid stimulating agent
treatment with thyroid stimulating medication
treatment with thyroid-stimulating agent
thyroid-stimulating hormonal agent therapy
Use of a drug to treat hyperthyroidism by reducing the excessive production of thyroid hormones.
antithyroid agent therapy
Use of a drug that induces, enhances, restores or suppresses the host's immune system, or an agent that utilizes or is derived from a component of the immune system.
immunomodulating agent treatment therapy
immunomodulatory agent treatment therapy
immunotherapeutic agent treatment therapy
treatment with immunomodifying medication
Use of a substance that augments, stimulates, activates, potentiates, or modulates the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level.
immunological adjuvant treatment therapy
A classical agent (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contains bacterial antigens. It could also be endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Its mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. The therapeutic efficacy is related to its antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity.
Use of an agent that suppresses immune function by one of several mechanisms of action.
immunosuppressive agent treatment therapy
Classical cytotoxic immunosuppressants act by inhibiting DNA synthesis. Others may act through activation of T-cells or by inhibiting the activation of helper cells. In addition, an immunosuppressive agent is a role played by a compound which is exhibited by a capability to diminish the extent and/or voracity of an immune response.
Treatment with antibodies to a disease to provide a temporary immunity.
passive immunizing agent therapy
The drug treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which may include the use of anti-inflammatory agents and agents that reduce the symptoms associated with IBD.
anti-inflammatory bowel disease drug treatment
inflammatory bowel disease agent therapy
The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.
salicylate agent therapy
Treatment with drug or agent to treat or prevent deformities or abnormalities of the bone caused by a metabolic disorder.
metabolic bone disease agent therapy
Use of a drug to treat eye conditions or eye diseases.
Treatment with medication delivered directly to the eye to treat allergies or allergy symptoms.
ophthalmic anti-allergy agent therapy
Use of a drug which can be used to prevent or alleviate glaucoma, a disease in which the optic nerve is damaged, resulting in progressive, irreversible loss of vision.
Treatment with an agent or medication formulated to be applied in the eyes, to reduce pain or to treat inflammation, especially used after eye surgery to relieve pain.
ophthalmic anti-inflammatory agent therapy
Treatment with an agent applied directly to the eye to treat elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) via regulating prostaglandin and prostamide.
ophthalmic prostaglandin and prostamide agent therapy
Treatment with a substance intended for administration either on the outer ear or into the auditory canal.
otic agent therapy
An agent that exerts a physiologic effect on any anatomic entity that is part of the respiratory tract and airways.
agent affecting respiratory system treatment
respiratory tract drug treatment therapy
treatment with respiratory tract medication
respiratory tract agent therapy
Use of drugs that bind to but do not activate histamine receptors, thereby blocking the actions of histamine or histamine agonists.
histamine receptor blocker drug treatment
Treatment with an inhaled agent that reduces inflammation and mucus in the airways that carry air to the lungs.
inhaled corticosteroid agent therapy
Use of a drug designed to prevent leukotriene synthesis or activity by blocking binding at the receptor level.
treatment with antileukotriene medication
Use of an agent that causes an increase in the expansion of a bronchus or bronchial tubes.
Treatment with an agent that blocks the effect of acetylcholine in airways and nasal passages to keep the airways from constricting during asthma and allergy-related brathing issues.
anticholinergic bronchodilator drug treatment
anticholinergic bronchodilator agent therapy
Treatment with a phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor that decreases mean pulmonary arterial pressure.
phosphodiesterase inhibitor bronchodilator drug treatment
phosphodiesterase inhibitor bronchodilator agent therapy
Treatment with an agent for reversible airway obstruction in diseases such as asthma and COPD. These agents produce bronchodilation by stimulating beta2 adrenergic receptors on airway smooth muscle.
adrenergic bronchiodilator agent therapy
adrenergic bronchiodilator agent treatment
sympathomimetic bronchodilator drug therapy
treatment with adrenergic bronchiodilator agent
sympathomimetic bronchodilator agent therapy
Treatment with an agent that block mast cell degranulation, stabilizing the cell and thereby preventing the release of histamine and other factors thereby preventing or regulating allergic disorders.
mast cell stabilizer agent therapy
Treatment with an agent that decreases pulmonary hypertension.
pulmonary antihypertensive drug treatment
pulmonary antihypertensive agent therapy
obsolete respiratory tract agents, other
Treatment with a central nervous system depressant used to induce drowsiness or sleep or to reduce psychological excitement or anxiety.
Use of a drug used to produce muscle relaxation (excepting neuromuscular blocking agents). Its primary clinical and therapeutic use is the treatment of muscle spasm and immobility associated with strains, sprains, and injuries of the back and, to a lesser degree, injuries to the neck. Also used for the treatment of a variety of clinical conditions that have in common only the presence of skeletal muscle hyperactivity, for example, the muscle spasms that can occur in multiple sclerosis.
Use of a substance for the prophylaxis or therapy of infectious diseases.
treatment with anti-infective medication
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from head for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from abdomen for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from adipose for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from adrenal cortex for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from adrenal gland for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from anal canal for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from anus for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from aorta for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from the uterus for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from the calcified bone for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from bone marrow for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from bone tissue for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from brain for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from brainstem for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from breast for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from bronchus for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from caecum for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from cardiac ventricle for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from cerebellum for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from cerebral cortex for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from chest wall for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from chordate pharynx for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from choroid plexus for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from cochlea for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from colon for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from colorectum for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from dermis for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from diaphragm for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from the thalamus for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from duodenum for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from endocardium for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from endocrine pancreas for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from endometrium for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from esophagus for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from eye for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from fallopian tube for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from frontal lobe for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from gallbladder for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from genitourinary system for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from gonad for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from heart for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from hypopharynx for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from hypothalamus for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from intestine for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from the jaw bone for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from lacrimal apparatus for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from large intestine for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from larynx for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from limb for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from lip for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from liver for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from lower respiratory tract for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from lower urinary tract for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from the lumbar spine for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
lumbar region of vertebral column biopsy
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from lung for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from lymph node for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from the lymphatic system for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
lymphatic part of lymphoid system biopsy
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from the vulva for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from medulla oblongata for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from mouth for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from muscle tissue for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from nasolacrimal duct for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from nasopharynx for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from neck for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from ovary for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from pancreas for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from penis for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from perianal skin for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from peritoneum for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from pituitary gland for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from pleura for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from rectum for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from retina for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from the salivary gland for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from scrotum for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from sebaceous gland for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from small intestine for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from spinal cord for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from spleen for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from stomach for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from subglottis for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from submandibular gland for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from testis for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from thymus for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from thyroid gland for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from tongue for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from tonsil for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from trachea for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from upper digestive tract for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from upper respiratory tract for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from ureter for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from urethra for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from the bladder for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from uterine cervix for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from vagina for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from the appendix for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from the skin for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
Imaging that uses radiofrequency waves and a strong magnetic field rather than x-rays to provide amazingly clear and detailed pictures of internal organs and tissues. The technique is valuable for the diagnosis of many pathologic conditions, including cancer, heart and vascular disease, stroke, and joint and musculoskeletal disorders.
clinical magnetic resonance imaging procedure
medical magnetic resonance imaging procedure
nuclear magnetic resonance imaging for medical therapy
magnetic resonance imaging procedure
A medical examination performed using of magnetic resonance imaging to image the head.
Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the head
A medical examination performed using of magnetic resonance imaging to image the abdomen.
Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen
A medical examination performed using of magnetic resonance imaging to image the brain.
Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the brain
A medical examination performed using of magnetic resonance imaging to image the chest.
Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the chest
Radiation therapy in which high-energy beams are delivered to a body part and/or tumor from outside of the body.
external beam radiation therapy
A type of radiation therapy in which radioactive material is placed inside the body, into a tumor or body cavity.
internal radiation therapy
A medical examination performed using of magnetic resonance imaging to image the breast.
Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the breast
Use of an organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic that contains a beta-lactam ring.
beta-lactam antibacterial drug treatment
treatment with a beta-lactam antibacterial drug
treatment with a beta-lactam antibacterial medication
treatment with a beta-lactam antibacterial therapy
treatment with a beta-lactam antibiotic agent
treatment with a beta-lactam antibiotic drug
treatment with a beta-lactam antibiotic medication
treatment with a beta-lactam antibiotic therapy
Treatment with a pharmaceutical agent that inhibits the movement of calcium across through calcium channels in the cell membrane, preventing or decreasing the amount of calcium able to enter the cell. These drugs are used for their chronotropic, antihypertensive and vasodilatory effects.
treatment with calcium channel blocker drug
treatment with calcium channel blocker medication
treatment with calcium channel blocking drug
treatment with calcium channel blocking medication
One of a class of drugs that acts by selective inhibition of calcium influx through cell membranes or on the release and binding of calcium in intracellular pools.
Treatment with a drug that inhibits the action of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors.
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist therapy
They tend to induce a state known as dissociative anesthesia, marked by catalepsy, amnesia, and analgesia, while side effects can include hallucinations, nightmares, and confusion. Due to their psychotomimetic effects, many NMDA receptor antagonists are used as recreational drugs.
Use of medication for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder drug therapy
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder drug treatment
ADHD agent therapy
Use of stimulant medication (usually amphetamines) for treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
stimulant Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder agent therapy
stimulant Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder drug treatment
stimulant ADHD agent therapy
Any agent that increases the extracellular level of the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) by inhibiting its reuptake into the presynaptic cell. Increased level in the synaptic cleft prolongs the action of 5-HT on the postsynaptic receptor. This type of agent is typically used as an antidepressant and in the treatment of anxiety disorders and some personality disorders. They are also typically effective and used in treating some cases of insomnia.
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor drug therapy
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor drug treatment
treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor agent
treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor drug
treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor medication
treatment with serotonin uptake inhibitor
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor therapy
Glycoprotein growth factors produced by monocytes, macrophages, or activated lymphocytes that stimulate the proliferation of bone marrow cells and differentiation of stem cells into colonies of granulocytes, monocytes, or macrophages. These substances act in either paracrine or autocrine fashion on marrow cells, appear to act synergistically in complex and poorly understood ways. Each appears to exert actions on several lines of progenitor cells and to influence end cell function. Treatment with colony-stimulating factors (CSF) can help the blood-forming tissue recover from the effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. These factors include interleukin-3 (IL-3), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF).
recombinant colony stimulating factor drug therapy
recombinant colony-stimulating factor treatment
recombinant hematopoietic colony-stimulating factor drug treatment
colony stimulating factor agent therapy
Treatment with an agent that stimulate the proliferation of bone marrow cells and differentiation of stem cells into colonies of granulocytes.
granulocyte-colony stimulating factor treatment therapy
recombinant colony-stimulating factor 3 treatment therapy
recombinant granulocyte colony stimulating factor agent therapy
recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor drug treatment
granulocyte colony stimulating factor agent therapy
Treatment with agents or medications which modulate the bone marrow's production of red blood cells.
erythropoietin regulating agent therapy
Use of a recombinant therapeutic agent which is chemically identical to or similar to the endogenous glycoprotein erythropoietin (Epo). Epo promotes the differentiation and maturation of hematopoietic progenitors into erythrocytes; is a mitogen and a chemoattractant for endothelial cells; stimulates activated and differentiated B-cells and enhances B-cell immunoglobulin production and proliferation; and is hypoxia-inducible.
erythrocyte colony stimulating factor agent therapy
treatment with erythropoietin stimulating agent
treatment with erythropoietin stimulating medication
erythropoietin stimulating agent therapy
Use of a drug that inhibits erythropoietin, a glycoprotein hormone that controls erythropoiesis (red blood cell production).
A drug that prevents fibrinolysis or lysis of a blood clot or thrombus.
antifibrinolytic agent therapy
A synthetic analogue of vasopressin in which 3-mercaptopropionic acid replaces the cysteine residue at position 1 and D-arginine replaces the residue at position 8. An antidiuretic, it increases urine concentration and decreases urine production, and is used (usually as the trihydrate of the acetic acid salt) to prevent and control excessive thirst, urination, and dehydration caused by injury, surgery, and certain medical conditions. It is also used in the diagnosis and treatment of cranial diabetes insipidus and in tests of renal function.
1-(3-mercaptopropionic acid)-8-D-arginine-vasopressin, 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin drug treatment
1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin agent therapy
1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin agent therapy
desmopressin agent therapy
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of a structure or organ.
surgical excision
Surgical removal (cutting out or off) without replacement of all of a body part or structure.
surgical resection
Taking or cutting out solid matter from a body part. The solid matter contained in the definition may be an abnormal byproduct of a biological function or a foreign body. It may be embedded in a body part, or in the lumen of a tubular body part. The solid matter may or may not have been previously broken into pieces.
surgical extirpation
A surgical procedure that places something in the human body.
implantation
The removal of material from the surface of an object by vaporization, chipping, or other erosive process.
ablation therapy
Removal, separation, detachment, extirpation, or eradication of a body part, pathway, or function by light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation.
laser ablation therapy
Removal, separation, detachment, extirpation, or eradication of a body part, pathway, or function by chemical means.
chemical ablation
The use of extreme cold to damage or destroy a body part, pathway, or function. The procedure is performed using small cryogenic probes during surgery, and has recently been applied to solitary sporadic renal tumor lesions.
cryosurgery
Thermal ablation refers to the destruction of tissue by extreme hyperthermia or hypothermia.
thermal ablation therapy
The management of pain by interventional procedures, pharmacotherapy, physical therapy, psychological counseling, or complementary and alternative medical therapies designed to treat or alleviate pain.
pain management
Hydrotherapy is the external or internal use of water in any of its forms (water, ice, steam) for health promotion or treatment of various diseases with various temperatures, pressure, duration, and site.
hydrotherapy
Thermal hydrotherapy uses external or internal use of water in any of its forms (water, ice, steam) at temperatures above or below room temperature for health promotion or treatment of various diseases with various temperatures, pressure, duration, and site.
thermal hydrotherapy
Washing out a hollow organ (especially the stomach) by flushing with a fluid.
therapeutic irrigation
Therapy where a substantial part of the body is immersed in warm water to produce a variety of therapeutic effects.
warm water immersion therapy
Therapy where a substantial part of the body is immersed in cold water to produce a variety of therapeutic effects.
cold water immersion therapy
A form of treatment where a limb or significant portion of the body is immersed in hot water immediately followed by the immersion into cold water. This procedure is repeated several times.
contrast water therapy
Therapy occuring in a pool or bath which is a low-impact activity and takes the pressure off your bones, joints, and muscles.
aquatic exercise therapy
A minimally-invasive procedure that permits sampling of breast ductal fluids for cytopathologic analysis.
breast duct lavage
Washing out the bronchi and alveoli by flushing with a fluid.
bronchoaveolar lavage
A minimally invasive procedure that permits sampling of peritoneal fluid for cytopathologic analysis.
peritoneal lavage
The process in which the nasal cavity is washed to flush out mucus and debrise from the nose and sinuses with water or saline.
nasal lavage
Avoid the administration or use of therapeutic procedure.
Avoid the administration or use of diagnostic procedure.
Avoid the administration or use of preventative therapy.
The implantation of a piece of mechanical or electronic equipment that is useful for prevention, diagnosis, monitoring, or treatment of disease or other conditions.
medical device implantation
Implantation of a battery-powered device that is placed under the skin (typically in the left upper chest) with electrode wires that lead into the heart (typically lodging in the apex or septum of the right ventricle). The device can detect abnormal heart rhythms and deliver low-energy or high-energy shocks to interrupt malignant arrhythmia and thereby prevent sudden death.
automated implantable cardioverter defibrillator placement
implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation
implantable cardioverter-defibrillator placement
The resection or complete surgical removal of a nerve.
surgical denervation
Left cardiac sympathetic denervation (LCSD) is a surgical antiadrenergic intervention with a strong antiarrhythmic effect. LCSD consists in the removal of the left thoracic sympathetic chain and paravertebral ganglia from T1 to T4.
left cardiac sympathetic denervation
Any procedure relating to the branch of medicine dealing with the correction of deformities of bones or muscles.
orthopedic procedure
Assessment by a surgeon who focuses on the preservation, investigation and restoration of the form and function of the extremities, spine and associated structures by medical, surgical and physical means. This specialist is involved with the care of patients whose musculoskeletal problems include congenital deformities, trauma, infections, tumors, metabolic disturbances of the musculoskeletal system, deformities, injuries and degenerative diseases of the spine, hands, feet, knee, hip, shoulder and elbow in children and adults. An orthopaedic surgeon is also concerned with primary and secondary muscular problems and the effects of central or peripheral nervous system lesions of the musculoskeletal system.
orthopedic surgeon evaluation
Any surgical procedure conducted on the skeletal system.
Orthotic services provide prescription insoles, braces, splints, callipers, footwear, spinal jackets and helmets which help people recover from or avoid injury, or live with lifelong conditions.
orthotic services
The recommendation of the use of an orthosis or multiple orthoses, which are externally applied device used to modify the structural and functional characteristics of the neuromuscular and skeletal system.
orthotic device usage
A procedure where a healthcare provider, who was not previously involved in a patient's treatment, reviews a patient's medical history, examines the patient, and makes recommendations as to care and treatment.
An appraisal or evaluation of a patient's condition by a clinician that is based on a physical exam, medical history, and the patient's account of symptoms.
medical professional evaluation
Increase in the longest dimension of a bone to correct anatomical deficiencies, congenital, traumatic, or as a result of disease. The lengthening is not restricted to long bones. The usual surgical methods are internal fixation and distraction.
bone lengthening procedure
A bone fixation technique using an external fixator for lengthening limbs, correcting pseudarthroses and other deformities, and assisting the healing of otherwise hopeless traumatic or pathological fractures and infections, such as chronic osteomyelitis.
Ilizarov procedure
Bone lengthening by gradual mechanical distraction. An external fixation device produces the distraction across the bone plate. The technique was originally applied to long bones but in recent years the method has been adapted for use with mandibular implants in maxillofacial surgery.
distraction osteogenesis
A measurement performed in a clinical setting using clinician's observations and instrument data to inform patient care and research.
clinical assessment
body temperature measurement
The act of assessing an individual's current temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, pulse oxygenation, and blood pressure.
vital signs measurement
An assessment of the number of heartbeats per unit time, usually expressed as beats per minute.
heart rate measurement
Assessment and recording of arterial pulses in any of a number of locations. The observer should note its intensity, rate, rhythm, and if any blood vessel tenderness, tortuosity, or nodularity exists.
pulse assessment
The rate of breathing (inhalation and exhalation) measured within in a unit time, usually expressed as breaths per minute.
respiratory rate assessment
Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the cardiovascular system.
cardiovascular system diagnostic procedure
diagnostic procedure of cardiovascular system
Measurement of the pressure on the walls of the vessels as blood moves around the body. Systolic blood pressure is the pressure when the heart beats – while the heart muscle is contracting (squeezing) and pumping oxygen-rich blood into the blood vessels. Diastolic blood pressure is the pressure on the blood vessels when the heart muscle relaxes. The diastolic pressure is always lower than the systolic pressure.
blood pressure measurement
Monitoring blood pressure with a sphygmomanometer and a stethoscope to hear blood flow.
ausculatory sphygmomanometer blood pressure measurement
auscultatory blood pressure measurement process
Although the auscultatory method using mercury sphygmomanometer is regarded as the ‘gold standard’ for office blood pressure measurement, widespread implementation of the ban in use of mercury sphygmomanometers continues to diminish the role of this technique.
auscultatory blood pressure measurement
A blood pressure measurement using a sphygmomanometer and an electronic pressure sensor (transducer) that detects blood flow by the presence of oscillations in the cuff pressure.
oscillometric blood pressure measurement
A method for monitoring blood pressure without requiring instruments introduced into the body.
noninvasive blood pressure measurement
An intra-arterial method of monitoring blood pressure.
invasive blood pressure measurement
All manners of treatment to bring respiratory system back to its normal state.
respiratory system therapeutic procedure
therapeutic procedure of respiratory system
A set of maneuvers or medical procedures performed to prevent and relieve airway obstruction. This ensures an open pathway for gas exchange between a patient's lungs and the atmosphere.
airway management
Removal of an endotracheal tube from the patient.
endotracheal extubation
A procedure involving placement of a tube into the trachea through the mouth or nose in order to provide a patient with oxygen and anesthesia.
endotracheal intubation
Any method of artificial breathing that employs mechanical or non-mechanical means to force the air into and out of the lungs. Artificial respiration or ventilation is used in individuals who have stopped breathing or have respiratory insufficiency to increase their intake of oxygen (O2) and excretion of carbon dioxide (CO2).
artificial respiration
Surgical formation of an opening into the trachea through the neck, or the opening so created.
Tracheostomy and tracheotomy are sometimes used interchangeably, but tracheotomy is simply a surgical incision of the trachea.
A manual method for maintaining oxygenation using a mask.
mask ventilation
Techniques for administering artificial respiration without the need for intratracheal intubation.
noninvasive ventilation
Ventilatory support system using frequencies from 60-900 cycles/min or more. Three types of systems have been distinguished on the basis of rates, volumes, and the system used.
high frequency positive pressure ventilation
high-frequency ventilation
A technique of mechanical ventilation in which the lungs are insufflated with an oxygenated perfluorochemical liquid rather than an oxygen-containing gas mixture.
liquid ventilation
A method of mechanical ventilation in which pressure is maintained to increase the volume of gas remaining in the lungs at the end of expiration, thus reducing the shunting of blood through the lungs and improving gas exchange.
positive end expiratory pressure technique
positive controlled ventilation
Assisted ventilation by applying intermittent subatmospheric pressure around the thorax, abdomen, or airway and periodically expand the chest wall and inflate the lungs.
negative-pressure respiration
obsolete bilevel positive airway pressure ventilation
A form of non-invasive mechanical pressure support ventilation that uses a continuous positive airway pressure level to support spontaneous breathing activity.
nasal continuous positive airway pressure ventilation
continuous positive airway pressure ventilation
A rehabilitation therapy for removal of copious mucus secretion from the lung of patients with diseases. The patient's head is placed in a downward incline (so the trachea is inferior to the affected area) for 15 to 20 minute sessions.
postural drainage
A respiratory support system used to remove mucus and clear airway by oscillating pressure on the chest.
chest wall oscillation
Application of a life support system that circulates the blood through an oxygenating system, which may consist of a pump, a membrane oxygenator, and a heat exchanger.
extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Chest physical therapy (CPT or Chest PT) is an airway clearance technique (ACT) to drain the lungs, and may include percussion (clapping), vibration, deep breathing, and huffing or coughing.
chest physiotherapy
The insertion of a cannula or tube into a hollow body organ.
intubation procedure
The removal of a previously inserted tube from a hollow organ or passageway, often from the airway.
extubation procedure
Use of medical ultrasonography in pregnancy where sound waves are used to create a real-time visual image of the developing fetus in the uterus. Imaging can include the mother's ovaries and uterus as well.
fetal ultrasonography
A clinical recommendation to avoid or refrain from certain behaviors in order to maintain health or ameliorate symptoms.
behavior avoidance for therapeutic purposes
cognitive and behavioral intervention avoidance
A direct assessment of a patient's condition by a clinical health professional that is based on a physical exam, medical history, and the patient's account of symptoms.
examination by clinical professional
A systemic evaluation of the body and its functions using visual inspection, palpation, percussion and auscultation. The purpose is to determine the presence or absence of physical signs of disease or abnormality for an individual's health assessment.
physical examination
A test or diagnostic examination to assess the health status of the mother and well being of the fetus.
prenatal examination
Testing of fetal DNA during pregnancy to determine if the fetus has chromosomal aberrations, fetal aneuploidy, or other detectable genetic disorders.
prenatal genetic testing
A genetic test to whether a healthy person harbors a recessive mutation in one of their copies of a gene or genes.
genetic carrier screening
A test that analyzes small fragments of DNA that are circulating in a pregnant woman’s blood to determine the risk that the fetus will be born with genetic abnormalities.
noninvasive prenatal testing
obsolete prenatal molecular genetic testing
A diverse set of techniques used to identify the molecular basis of genetic disease. Examples of molecular genetic tests include: genotyping to detect specific pathogenic variants; sequencing of a gene to detect pathogenic variants; amplification or hybridization methods (e.g., qPCR, array CGH, MLPA) to detect copy number variants involving one or more genes; methylation-specific techniques to detect epigenetic changes that influence gene expression; and exome and genome sequencing.
molecular genetic testing
A prenatal diagnostic procedure in which a small sample of amniotic fluid is removed from the uterus by a needle inserted into the abdomen. This procedure is used to detect various genetic abnormalities in the fetus and/or the sex of the fetus.
amniocentisis
Procedure using suction, usually with a thin needle and syringe, to remove bodily fluid or tissue.
surgical aspiration procedure
A prenatal test in which a sample of chorionic villi is removed from the placenta for testing. The sample can be taken through the cervix (transcervical) or the abdominal wall (transabdominal). Mayo Clinic
The biopsy of placental tissue containing the chorionic villi from the maternal uterus in early pregnancy to diagnose fetal genetic defects.
A procedure conducted during pregnancy for the presence of Gardnerella vaginalis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis, Mobiluncus, Prevotella and anaerobic bacteria.
bacterial vaginosis screening
A test for the presence of fetal fibronectin in the cervico-vaginal area that is used to predict preterm birth.
fetal fibronectin testing
Screening with a swab from the vaginal and rectal areas in late pregnancy to test for the presence of Group B streptococcal infection.
broup B Beta-hemolytic streptococcus screening
prenatal group B streptococcus screening
An ultrasonic examination of the fetus in the late first trimester to measure the clear space at the back of the fetal neck to assess risk of genetic or cardiac abnormalities.
nuchal translucency ultrasound screening
ultrasonographic nuchal translucency exam
nuchal translucency screening
A screening measurement in which the maternal blood levels of alpha-fetoprotein, unconjugated estriol, human chorionic gonadotrophin and Inhibin A are calculated. These are then evaluated in relation to the mother's age, weight and fetal gestational age.
quad test assessment
A determination of the number of eosinophil in a blood sample.
A determination of the number of granulocyte in a blood sample.
A determination of the number of basophil in a blood sample.
A determination of the number of lymphocyte in a blood sample.
A procedure by which biological material is obtained from a subject for testing, diagnostic, treatment, or research purposes.
clinical biospecimen collection
obsolete swab-based biospecimen collection
Measuring a person's own body temperature usually at home using any of a number of types of thermometers.
self body temperature measurement
A characteristic that can be objectively measured and serves as an indicator for the inflammatory response. It could be used to indicate the normal inflammatory processes, pathogenic processes, state of health or disease, the risk for disease development and/or prognosis, or responsiveness to a particular therapeutic intervention.
inflammatory biomarker assessment
Assay based assessment of a serum sample for detection and concentration (mg/L) C-reactive protein.
C-reactive protein (CRP) measurement is a measurement of the level of C-reactive protein in the blood. Levels are known to rise in response to inflammation, CRP is therefore used as a clinical measure of inflammation. The measurement is used in the process of clinical diagnosis as high levels of CRP are associated with cardiovascular disease, diabetes and hypertension and in some cancers.
C-reactive protein biomarker assessment
Detection of circultating interleukin-6, which stimulates the inflammatory and auto-immune processes in many diseases.
A quantification of interleukin-6, a pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine.
interleukin-6 biomarker measurement
A chemokine that can be objectively measured and serves as an indicator for the inflammatory response.
Cytokines are small, nonstructural proteins, including interleukins, chemokines, interferons, and tumor necrosis factors, which have a multitude of pleiotropic effects in various organs [1]. They are released in a number of paracrine, autocrine, or endocrine pathways and have been implicated in a variety of infections and immune system-affecting disorders by both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
Macrophages and T lymphocytes (T-cells) are the primary producers of cytokines which may have predominantly pro-inflammatory (inflammation-promoting)(IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-6, Il-8, IL-12, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma) or anti-inflammatory (inflammation-suppressive)(IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, TGF-beta) abilities.
cytokine biomarker assessment
Detection of interleukin-1 beta levels, an IL-1 cytokine family protein, secreted by macrophages and a mediator of inflammatory response.
interleukin-1 beta biomarker measurement
Detection of interleukin-1 alpha, a mediator of the inflammatory response.
interleukin-1 alpha biomarker measurement
Detection of interleukin-2, a mediator of inflammatory response.
interleukin-2 biomarker measurement
Detection of interleukin-8 levels, a mediator of inflammatory response.
interleukin-8 biomarker measurement
Detection of interleukin-12 levels, an inflammatory cytokine.
interleukin-12 biomarker measurement
Detection of TNF-alpha levels, a cytokine involved in systemic inflammation.
tumor necrosis factor-alpha biomarker measurement
Detection of interferon-gamma, a cytokine that indicates an inflammatory response.
interferon-gamma biomarker measurement
Detection of interleukin-4, a cytokine identified as an inflammation suppressant.
interleukin-4 biomarker measurement
Detection of interleukin-5, a cytokine identified as an inflammation suppressant.
interleukin-5 biomarker measurement
Detection of interleukin-10, a cytokine identified as an inflammation suppressant.
Interleukin-10 biomarker measurement
Detection of tumor necrosis factor-beta (TNF-beta), a cytokine identified as an inflammation suppressant.
tumor necrosis factor-beta biomarker measurement
Detection of serum levels of amyloid A (SAA) in response to inflammation.
serum amyloid A biomarker assessment
A clinical laboratory procedure designed for the quantification of an organic or inorganic chemical within a biological specimen required for diagnostics or monitoring of treatments.
clinical chemistry assessment
A quantitative measurement for assessing the amount of glucose present in a blood sample.
blood glucose assessment
Glucose Plasma Concentration (GPC) measurement is an essential diagnostic modality for different types of carbohydrate metabolism derangements including diabetes mellitus.
Glucose Plasma Concentration (GPC) measurement is an essential diagnostic modality for different types of carbohydrate metabolism derangements including diabetes mellitus. The disordered carbohydrate metabolism that underlies diabetes manifests as hyperglycemia. Plasma glucose concentrations in healthy individuals vary with age. Normal fasting plasma glucose intervals (in the morning after an overnight fast) in children are 3.3 - 5.6 mmol/L (60-100 mg/dL); adult range - 4.1- 5.9 mmol/L (74-106 mg/dL). GPCs are approximately 11% higher than whole blood if the hematocrit is normal. Glucose concentrations in heparinized plasma are reported to be 5% lower than in serum.
plasma glucose assessment
A quantitative measurement of the amount of glucose present in a sample of blood, obtained from a source that has abstained from nutrition, typically at least 8 hours prior to the sample collection time.
fasting blood glucose assessment
A technique to collect sputum by inhaling hypertonic saline through an oxygen mask in order to induce sputum.
induced sputum collection
A method of examining structures within the body by scanning them with X rays and using a computer to construct a series of cross-sectional scans along a single axis.
computed tomography procedure
Use of a drug that lower the level of glucose in the blood.
Treatment of retroviral infections with medications that target the virus directly, limiting the ability of infected cells to produce new virus particles.
treatment with an anti-retroviral medication
treatment with an antiretroviral medication
antiretroviral therapy
The process of gathering information regarding a person's medical history.
medical history taking
Determination if a patient's background or demographic characteristics makes the patient susceptible to disease.
patient demographic characteristics assessment
Determination if patient's travel history may impact current health.
patient travel risk assessment
A questionnaire designed to determine if patient's travel history may impact current health.
patient travel risk questionnaire
Determination if the patient may have been exposed to something which would impact the health of the patient.
patient environmental exposure assessment
A test that measures the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood. It may also be used to determine the pH of the blood.
pH and blood gas measurements are used to detect and monitor ventilation, oxygenation, and acid-base disturbances.
blood gas assessment
The determination of the unmeasured anions (those other than the chloride and bicarbonate anions) present in a sample.
anion gap assessment
A quantitative measurement of the amount of calcium present in a sample, usually serum or urine.
calcium assessment
A quantitative measurement of the amount of an electrolyte present in urine or serum.
electrolyte assessment
A quantitative measurement of the amount of an electrolyte present in serum.
serum electrolyte assessment
A quantitative measurement of the amount of an electrolyte present in urine.
urine eletrolyte assessment
Any laboratory procedure for growing microorganisms.
microbial culture procedure
A type of mechanical ventilation using endotracheal intubation.
invasive ventilation
A time-triggered, pressure-limited, inverse-ratio mode of ventilation that provides continuous distending airway pressure with intermittent release phases
airway pressure release ventilation
A technique that detects a particular nucleic acid sequence in order to identify a pathogen (organism or virus) in blood, tissue, urine, or other bodily fluids.
clinical nucleic acid testing for pathogens
A tecnique that uses an amplification of nucleic acids to detect a pathogen. Some amplification methods include polymerase chain reaction (PCR), strand displacement assay (SDA), or transcription mediated assay (TMA) to detect a virus, bacteria or other pathogen.
Any of various amplification and detection strategies applied to detection of virus contamination in donor blood. Specifically designed to detect recently infected individuals during the latency period before seroconversion.
nucleic acid amplification testing
A type of nucleic acid amplification test in which sample DNA is exposed to a single temperature in the presence of multiple sets of primers and a polymerase with replication and high strand displacement activity. This test negates the need for thermal cyclers and may be a low cost alternative to PCR.
loop-mediated isothermal amplification procedure
loop-mediated isothermal amplification testing
A technique that detects a particular DNA sequence in order to identify a pathogen (organism or virus) in blood, tissue, urine, or other bodily fluids.
clinical DNA detection testing
A technique that detects a particular RNA sequence in order to identify a pathogen (organism or virus) in blood, tissue, urine, or other bodily fluids.
clinical RNA detection testing
A clinical assay that amplifies and quantifies a specific DNA molecule based on in tissue, blood, sputum, urine, or any other bodily fluid to detect the presence of a pathogen. It enables both detection and quantification of one or more specific sequences in a DNA sample.
real-time PCR procedure for clinical use
clinical real-time PCR testing
A method to measure very small amounts of RNA transcripts as cDNA targets from tissue, blood, sputum or other body fluids.
clinical quantitative reverse transcription PCR procedure
clinical quantitative reverse transcription PCR testing
A procedure producing an image on a radiosensitive surface by x-ray radiation that has penetrated and passed through a structure in order to diagnose or treat a patient.
The process of taking a thorough history and physical exam to determine if a patient has been exposed to an infectious disease. Close attention is paid to travel history, environmental exposures, and vaccination history.
infectious disease screening
The administration of oxygen to an individual, usually to aid in respiration by means of a mask.
supplemental oxygen therapy with mask
The administration of oxygen to an individual, usually to aid in respiration by means of a nasal cannula.
oxygen support therapy with nasal cannula
supplemental oxygen therapy with nasal cannula
Therapy using a substance used in the treatment of hypotension. A vasopressor agent increases reduced blood pressure.
treatment with antihypotensive medication
Treatments that substitute for the blood-filtering function of the kidneys.
It includes dialysis (hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis), hemofiltration, and hemodiafiltration. Kidney transplant may also be considered a renal replacement therapy.
renal replacement therapy
A procedure to remove toxic substances from the blood that is used in patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease or acute kidney failure. This includes hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.
renal dialysis
A therapeutic procedure used in patients with kidney failure. It involves the extracorporeal removal of harmful wastes and fluids from the blood using a dialysis machine. Following the dialysis, the blood is returned to the body.
hemodialysis
A form of dialysis that uses the peritoneum as a membrane across which the infused diasylate exchanges nutrients for waste products that are removed when the fluid is exchanged.
peritoneal dialysis
A laboratory procedure that tests the function of an endocrine organ and measures the amount of a hormone present in a sample.
endocrine testing
The determination of the amount of protein present in the sample.
The determination of the amount of procalcitonin (human) present in the sample.
A substance produced in response to bacterial infections and tissue injury.
The determination of the amount of D-dimer (human) present in the sample.
A quantification of a fibrin degradation product in blood used in the diagnosis of thrombosis.
A quantitative measurement of the amount of phosphate present in a sample of serum.
serum phosphate assessment
Testing blood serum for the presence of specifc antibody or antibodies to a specific antigen. Often used when an infection is suspected.
serology testing
A highly sensitive technique for detecting and measuring antigens or antibodies in a solution; the solution is run over a surface to which immobilized antibodies specific to the substance have been attached, and if the substance is present, it will bind to the antibody layer, and its presence is verified and visualized with an application of antibodies that have been tagged in some way. (BioTech Life Science Dictionary)
enzyme linked immunosorbent assay testing
clinical ELISA testing
A type of lateral flow assay that qualitatively detect IgG and IgM antibodies of an infectious disease within human serum, plasma or whole blood in vitro.
rapid IgM-IgG combined antibody testing
A procedure using a paper-based platform for the detection and quantification of analytes in complex mixtures, where the sample is placed on a test device for clinical use.
clinical lateral flow assay testing
Any of several immunoassay methods that use an enzyme covalently linked to an antigen or antibody as a label and are typically used for diagnostics or disease progression.
clinical immunoassay
Immunofluorescence staining used in a pathology or clinical lab to diagnose diseases of the skin, kidney, heart, cilia and other organ systems.
clinical immunofluorescence assay testing
A technique for analyzing or identifying proteins immobilized on a filter by complementary reaction with specific antibodies.
clinical immunoblot assay testing
The measurement of the ratio of oxygenated hemoglobin to total hemoglobin in the blood.
oxygen saturation measurement
A non-invasive method that provides estimates of arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation by utilizing selected wavelengths of light to determine the saturation of oxyhemoglobin.
pulse oximetry
A therapy of replenishing bodily fluids lost through sweating, bleeding, fluid shifts or other pathological processes, such as sepsis.
fluid replacement therapy
Prone positioning improves ventilation-perfusion matching (transferring delivered oxygen into the bloodstream more efficiently) and keeps alveolar units open and evenly distributed at end-expiration (improving gas exchange and preventing ventilator-induced lung injury).
ventilation with proning
A procedure of surgical placement of a catheter, which lumen is usually occupied by a trocar, into the central vein (internal jugular, subclavian, and femoral often used) or veins, to provide vascular access for measurement of hemodynamic variables that cannot be measured accurately by noninvasive means. It also can be used to deliver medications that were too potent or too toxic to be administered through peripheral access, for parenteral nutrition delivery; and for placing wires and pulmonary artery catheters. Central veins are usually cannulated percutaneously. The procedure is associated with many adverse events and has to be performed or supervised by an experienced physician.
central venous access catheter insertion
central venous cannula insertion
A thin catheter inserted into an artery to monitor blood pressure directly and obtain blood samples.
arterial catheter line insertion
Allows delivery of positive-pressure ventilation with a tight-fitting nasal or facial mask that is attached to a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or a bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) machine.
non-invasive positive pressure ventilation
noninvasive positve-pressure ventilation
Nutrition intervention for nutrition counseling is a supportive process, characterized by a collaborative counselor–patient/client relationship to establish food, nutrition and physical activity priorities, goals, and individualized action plans that acknowledge and foster responsibility for self-care to treat an existing condition and promote health.
nutrition counseling
Reference: Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Nutrition Terminology Reference Manual (eNCPT): Dietetics Language for Nutrition Care 2014, Nutrition Intervention/Terms and Definitions/Nutrition Counseling (C), page-064, http://ncpt.webauthor.com
An in-depth evaluation of an individual's food and nutrient intake, lifestyle, and medical history designed to help the individual either maintain their health status or attain a healthier status.
nutrition assessment
A therapy utilizing an inhaled substance that produces loss of consciousness.
inhalation anaesthetic medication therapy
inhalation anesthetic medication therapy
A therapy utilizing an intravenous substance that produces loss of consciousness.
intravenous anesthetic medication therapy
Treatment with an agent that causes a superficial loss of sensation in conjunctiva, mucous membranes, or skin, produced by direct application of local anesthetic solutions, ointments, gels or sprays.
Use of an agent that modulates the physiologic angiogenesis process.
angiogenesis modulating medication therapy
treatment with angiogenesis modulating agent
obsolete angiogenesis inducing agent therapy
Use of a compound that promotes the growth of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels.
A therapy used to neutralize stomach acidity.
A therapy used to treat or ameliorate peptic ulcer or irritation of the gastrointestinal tract.
Treatment of allergic reactions with medications.
Treatment with a drug which acts to reduce estrogenic activity in the body, either by reducing the amount of estrogen or by reducing the activity of whatever estrogen is present.
treatment with anti-oestrogen medication
Use of a compound which can be used to treat or alleviate the symptoms of dyskinesia.
treatment with anti-dyskinesia medication
treatment with anti-dyskinetic medication
treatment with antidyskinesia medication
treatment with antidyskinetic medication
Treatment with an antiviral agent that destroys or inhibits the replication of the herpes simplex virus.
Treatment of herpes simplex virus with medication
Treatment with anti-herpes simplex virus drug
Treatment with anti-herpes simplex virus medication
anti-herpes simplex virus drug treatment
anti-herpes simplex virus medication therapy
Treatment with an antiviral agent that destroys or inhibits the replication of the herpes simplex virus-1.
anti-herpes simplex virus 1 drug therapy
anti-herpes simplex virus 1 medication treatment
Treatment with an antiviral agent that destroys or inhibits the replication of the herpes simplex virus-2.
anti-herpes simplex virus 2 drug therapy
anti-herpes simplex virus 2 medication treatment
Use of a natural or synthetic analog of the hormones secreted by the adrenal gland as a type of anti-inflammatory treatment.
treatment with corticosteroid medication
corticosteroid agent therapy
Treatment to induce vomiting and nausea usually administered in emergency situations after ingestion of a toxin.
Treatment with a drug to alleviate rheumatoid arthritis and its symptoms.
treatment with anti-rheumatic medication
Treatment with an agent that modifies a particular molecular pathway.
molecular pathway modifying agent therapy
Use of an inhibitor that interferes with the action of enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which helps breaking down of acetylcholine into choline and acetic acid
acetylcholinesterase inhibitor agent therapy
acetylcholinesterase inhibitor drug therapy
treatment with EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
Treatment that uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. Chemotherapy may be given by mouth, injection, or infusion, or on the skin, depending on the type and stage of the cancer being treated. It may be given alone or with other treatments, such as surgery, radiation therapy, or biologic therapy.
cytotoxic antineoplastic medication therapy
treatment with cancer chemotherapeutic agent
treatment with cancer chemotherapeutic drug
treatment with cancer chemotherapeutic medication
Although this term is used to describe any therapy involving the use of chemical-based agents, it is particularly used to refer to the use of chemical-based agents to treat cancer. Antineoplastic chemotherapy works by arresting or killing the growth and spread of cancer cells. Chemotherapy may also include agents that enhance immune function or alter hormonal activity.
cancer chemotherapy
The use of synthetic or naturally-occurring chemicals for the treatment of diseases.
treatment with a chemotherapeutic medication
chemotherapy
A therapy using a compound or agent that combines with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.
treatment with enzyme inhibitor medication
Use of a drug which increases blood glucose level.
Treatment with a cardiovascular drug that prevents atherogenesis, the accumulation of lipid-containing plaques on the innermost layers of the arteries.
treatment with anti-atherogenic medication
treatment with antiatherogenic medication
Treatment with a cardiovascular drug that prevents atherosclerosis, a disease in which the inside of an artery narrows due to the build-up of plaque.
treatment with anti-atherosclerosis drug
treatment with anti-atherosclerosis medication
treatment with anti-atherosclerosis therapy
treatment with anti-atherosclerotic agent
treatment with anti-atherosclerotic drug
treatment with anti-atherosclerotic medication
treatment with antiatherosclerotic agent
treatment with antiatherosclerotic medication
Use of a drug that inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Inhibition of ACE results in a reduction in angiotensin II and angiotensin II-induced aldosterone secretion, causing vasodilation and natriuresis.
Treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor
angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy
ACE inhibitor therapy
Treatment with a class of agents that act by selectively inhibiting angiotensin II receptor activation in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
treatment with angiotensin II receptor antagonist
treatment with angiotensin II receptor blocker
treatment with angiotensin receptor antagonist
A pharmaceutical agent that selectively inhibits angiotensin II receptor activation in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system reducing production and secretion of aldosterone, amongst other actions. The combined effects result in reduction of blood pressure. It is primarily used for the reduction of proteinuria and the treatment of hypertension in cases where the patient is intolerant of ACE inhibitor therapy.
Angiotensin II receptor antagonists bind to and block the activation of angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptors, thereby reducing production and secretion of aldosterone, amongst other actions. The combined effects result in reduction of blood pressure. Although this class of agents is also used in diabetic nephropathy (kidney damage due to diabetes) and congestive heart failure, it is primarily used for the treatment of hypertension in cases where the patient is intolerant of ACE inhibitor therapy.
Treatment with a group of pharmaceutical drugs used primarily in treatment of essential hypertension. These drugs inhibit the first and rate-limiting step of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, namely the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I.
renin inhibitor therapy
Use of a drug that inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 1, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II.
angiotensin-converting enzyme-1 inhibitor therapy
peptidyl-dipeptidase A inhibitor therapy
treatment with EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
treatment with angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor
Use of a drug that inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 2, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II.
angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 inhibitor therapy
treatment with EC 3.4.17.23 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) inhibitor
Use of a drug that selectively binds to and inhibits metabotropic glutamate receptors.
treatment with metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist
treatment with metabotropic glutamate receptor blockade
treatment with metabotropic glutamate receptor blocker
metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist therapy
Use of a drug that modulates the action of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors.
NMDA receptor modulator agent therapy
Treatment with an agent which regulates AMPA recepter signaling.
AMPA-targeting agent therapy
Use of a drug that selectively binds to and regulates metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR).
treatment with metabotropic glutamate receptor modulator
metabotropic glutamate receptor–targeting agent therapy
Use of a drug that activates the action of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors.
Use of a drug that selectively binds to and activates AMPA receptors.
Use of a drug that selectively binds to and inhibits AMPA receptors.
Treatment with an agent that is used to prevent or inhibit diarrhea.
A procedure where a physician reviews a patient's medical history, examines the patient, and makes recommendations as to care and treatment.
specialty medical professional consultation
specialty medical professional evaluation
medical specialist evaluation
An assessment by an allergologist who diagnoses and manages disorders involving allergies, asthma, and related conditions.
allergy and immunologist doctor consultation
allergy and immunologist doctor evaluation
allergy and immunology specialist consultation
consultation with allergy and immunologist
allergologist evaluation
An assessment by a physician who provides anesthesia for patients undergoing surgical, obstetric, diagnostic or therapeutic procedures while monitoring the patient's condition and supporting vital organ functions. The anesthesiologist also diagnoses and treats acute, chronic and/or cancer pain as well as provides resuscitation and medical management for patients with critical illnesses and severe injuries.
anesthesiology specialist evaluation
An evaluation by an anesthesiologist who specializes in Pediatric Anesthesiology. This specialist provides anesthesia for neonates, infants, children and adolescents undergoing surgical, diagnostic or therapeutic procedures as well as appropriate pre- and post-operative care, advanced life support, and acute pain management.
consultation with pediatric anesthesiologist
pediatric anesthesiology specialist consultation
pediatric anesthesiology specialist evaluation
An assessment by a colon and rectal surgeon who diagnoses and treats various diseases of the small intestine, colon, rectum, anal canal and perianal area including the organs and tissues related with primary intestinal diseases (liver, urinary and female reproductive system). This specialist treats conditions such as hemorrhoids, fissures (painful tears in the anal lining), abscesses and fistulas (infections located around the anus and rectum). A colon and rectal surgeon diagnoses and treats problems of the intestine and colon such as cancer, polyps (precancerous growths) and inflammatory conditions.
colon and rectal surgery specialist consultation
consultation with colon and rectal surgeon
consultation with colon and rectal surgery specialist
colon and rectal surgery specialist evaluation
An assessment by a physician with training and expertise in the diagnosis and medical/surgical management of diseases of the skin, hair and nails, and mucous membranes.
dermatology specialist evaluation
An assessment by a physician who specializes in immediate decision making and action necessary to prevent death or any further disability both in the pre-hospital setting by directing emergency medical technicians and in the emergency department. This specialist provides immediate recognition, evaluation, care, stabilization and disposition of a generally diversified population of adult and pediatric patients in response to acute illness and injury.
assessment by emergency medicine specialist
emergency department physician examination
emergency medicine specialist assessment
examination by emergency medicine specialst
emergency medicine specialist evaluation
An assessment by a physician who provides front-line health care that is accessible, high quality, comprehensive and continuous over time for people of all ages, life stages, backgrounds and conditions. The specialists care for individuals and for entire families, from birth through the end of life, including a broad range of preventive care; healthy lifestyle counseling; mental health care; care of acute illnesses; management of chronic diseases, including patients with multi-morbidity. When needed, they also provide referral and coordination of care with other specialists.
consultation with family medicine specialist
examination by family medicine specialist
family medicine specialist evaluation
An assessment by a physician with special knowledge of the aging process and special skills in the diagnostic, therapeutic, preventive and rehabilitative aspects of illness in the elderly. This specialist cares for geriatric patients in the patient’s home, the office, long-term care settings such as nursing homes, and the hospital.
assessment by geriatric medicine specialist
consultation with geriatric medicine specialist
evaluation by geriatric medicine specialist
geriatric medicine specialist consultation
referral to geriatric medicine specialist
geriatric medicine specialist evaluation
An assessment by a physician who specializes in Hospice and Palliative Medicine who provides care to prevent and relieve the suffering experienced by patients with life-limiting illnesses. This specialist works with an interdisciplinary hospice or palliative care team to optimize quality of life while addressing the physical, psychological, social and spiritual needs of both patient and family.
consultation with hospice and palliative medicine specialist
hospice and palliative medicine specialist consultation
referral to hospice and palliative medicine specialist
assessment by palliative care specialist
consultation with palliative care specialist
evaluation by palliative care specialist
hospice and palliative medicine specialist evaluation
An assessment by a physician who diagnoses and treats patients experiencing problems with acute or chronic pain, or pain related to cancer, in both hospital and outpatient settings and coordinates care needs with other specialists.
consultation with pain medicine specialist
pain medicine specialist evaluation
An assesment a specialist focuses on preventing, diagnosing, and treating injuries related to participating in sports and/or exercise. In addition to the study of those fields that focus on prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and management of injuries, Sports Medicine specialists also deal with illnesses and diseases that might have effects on health and physical performance.
consultation with sports medicine specialist
referral to a sports medicine specialist
sports medicine specialist evaluation
An assessment with a specialist who has expertise in the diagnosis and management of clinical conditions that occur during sleep, that disturb sleep, or that are affected by disturbances in the wake-sleep cycle. This specialist is skilled in the analysis and interpretation of comprehensive polysomnography, and well versed in emerging research and management of a sleep laboratory.
consultation with sleep medicine specialist
sleep medicine specialist evaluation
An assessment by a personal physician who provides long-term, comprehensive care in the office and in the hospital, managing both common and complex illnesses of adolescents, adults and the elderly. Internists are trained in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, infections and diseases affecting the heart, blood, kidneys, joints and the digestive, respiratory and vascular systems. Internists are also trained in the essentials of primary care internal medicine, which incorporates an understanding of disease prevention, wellness, substance abuse, mental health and effective treatment of common problems of the eyes, ears, skin, nervous system and reproductive organs.
consultation with internal medicine specialist
internal medicine specialist consultation
referral to an internal medicine specialist
internal medicine specialist evaluation
An assessment with a multidisciplinary health care specialist trained in the unique physical, psychological and social characteristics of adolescents, their health care problems and needs.
adolescent medicine specialist consultation
adolescent medicine specialist evaluation
assessment by adolescent medicine specialist
consultation with adolescent medicine specialist
evaluation by adolescent medicine specialist
referral to adolescent medicine specialist
An assessment by an internist who specializes in diseases of the heart and blood vessels and manages complex cardiac conditions, such as heart attacks and life-threatening, abnormal heartbeat rhythms.
cardiovascular disease internist consultation
cardiovascular disease internist evaluation
consultation with cardiovascular disease internist
consultation with internal medicine cardiovascular disease specialist
internal medicine cardiovascular disease specialist consultation
referral to cardiovascular disease internist
cardiologist evaluation
An assessment by a specialist who specializes in intricate technical procedures to evaluate heart rhythms and determine appropriate treatment.
consultation with clinical cardiac electrophysiologist
consultation with clinical cardiac electrophysiology specialist
internal medicine clinical cardiac electrophysiologist consultation
internal medicine clinical cardiac electrophysiology specialist consultation
internal medicine clinical cardiac electrophysiology specialist evaluation
referral to a clinical electrophysiologist
clinical cardiac electrophysiologist evaluation
An assessment with an internist trained in critical care medicine who has expertise in the diagnosis, treatment and support of critically ill and injured patients, particularly trauma victims and patients with multiple organ dysfunction.
consultation with critical care medicine internist
consultation with internal medicine critical care medicine specialist
internal medicine critical care medicine consultation
internal medicine critical care medicine evaluation
critical care medicine internist evaluation
An assessment with an internist who specializes in the diagnosis and management of disorders of hormones and their actions, metabolic disorders, and neoplasia of the endocrine glands. This specialist cares for patients with diabetes mellitus, thyroid disorders, disorders of calcium and bone, hyperlipidemia, obesity and nutritional disorders, pituitary disorders, reproductive and gonadal disorders, adrenal diseases, and endocrine hypertension.
consultation with endocrinology, diabetes and metabolism specialist
endocrinology, diabetes and metabolism specialist consultation
endocrinology, diabetes and metabolism specialist evaluation
endocrinologist evaluation
An evaluation with an internist who specializes in diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the digestive organs including the stomach, bowels, liver and gallbladder. This specialist treats conditions such as abdominal pain, ulcers, diarrhea, cancer and jaundice and performs complex diagnostic and therapeutic procedures using endoscopes to visualize internal organs.
consultation with gastroenterology specialist
gastroenterologist evaluation
An assessment by an internist with additional training who specializes in diseases of the blood, spleen and lymph. This specialist treats conditions such as anemia, clotting disorders, sickle cell disease, hemophilia, leukemia and lymphoma.
hematologist evaluation
An assessment by an internist who deals with infectious diseases of all types and in all organ systems. Infectious disease specialists may also have expertise in preventive medicine and travel medicine.
consultation with infectious disease specialist
infectious disease specialist consultation
infectious disease specialist evaluation
referral to infectious disease internist
infectious disease internist evaluation
An assessment by an internist who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of all types of cancer and other benign and malignant tumors. This specialist decides on and administers therapy for these malignancies, as well as consults with surgeons and radiotherapists on other treatments for cancer.
consultation with medical oncology internist
medical oncologist evaluation
An assessment by an internist who treats disorders of the kidney, high blood pressure, fluid and mineral balance, and dialysis of body wastes when the kidneys do not function. This specialist consults with surgeons about kidney transplantation.
nephrologist evaluation
An assessment by an internist who treats diseases of the lungs and airways. The specialist diagnoses and treats cancer, pneumonia, pleurisy, asthma, occupational and environmental diseases, bronchitis, sleep disorders, emphysema and other complex disorders of the lungs.
consultation with pulmonary disease internist
consultation with pulmonary disease specialist
pulmonary disease internist consultation
pulmonologist evaluation
An assessment by an internist who treats diseases of joints, muscle, bones and tendons. This specialist diagnoses and treats arthritis, back pain, muscle strains, common athletic injuries and collagen diseases.
consultation with rheumatology internist
rheumatologist evaluation
An assessment with a specialist who directs and interprets a wide range of specialized, laboratory biochemical genetic analyses relevant to the diagnosis and management of inherited metabolic disorders. The specialist acts as a consultant regarding laboratory diagnosis on a broad range of inborn errors of metabolism.
clinical biochemical geneticist consultation
consultation with clinical biochemical geneticist
referral to a clinical biochemical geneticist
clinical biochemical geneticist evaluation
An assessment with a specialist who provides comprehensive diagnostic, management, therapeutic, and counseling services for individuals and families at risk for clinical disorders with a genetic basis. The specialist is trained to evaluate individuals of all ages for hereditary conditions.
clinical genetics and genomics specialist consultation
consultation with clinical genetics and genomics specialist
clinical genetics and genomics specialist evaluation
An assessment or consultation by a diplomate certified in Laboratory Genetics and Genomics who directs and interprets both clinical cytogenetic and molecular genetic analyses relevant to the diagnosis and management of human genetic disease. This specialist acts as a consultant in laboratory diagnoses for a broad range of molecular and chromosomal-based disorders, including both inherited and acquired conditions.
clinical laboratory geneticist evaluation
An assessment by this specialist provides care for adult and pediatric patients in the treatment of pain or pathological processes that may modify the function or activity of the central nervous system (e.g., brain, hypophysis, and spinal cord), the peripheral nervous system (e.g., cranial, spinal, and peripheral nerves), the autonomic nervous system, the supporting structures of these systems (e.g., meninges, skull & skull base, and vertebral column), and their vascular supply (e.g., intracranial, extracranial, and spinal vasculature).
consultation with neurological surgery specialist
neurological surgery specialist consultation
neurological surgery specialist evaluation
An evaluation by a specialist that uses molecular tracers (usually labeled with radioactive atoms) for diagnosis and therapy.
consultation with nuclear medicine specialist
nuclear medicine specialist consultation
These labeled tracers are most often used to produce images that provide information about organ function, as well as cellular function on a molecular level (molecular imaging). Molecular imaging can be combined with anatomical imaging by using specialized cameras. The most common diagnostic applications of Nuclear Medicine include the early detection of coronary artery disease, cancer diagnosis and staging and the evaluation of the effect of cancer treatment. The fusion of molecular and anatomical information increases diagnostic accuracy and changes medical management. Radioactive materials are also used to treat a variety of health problems, including thyroid disorders and cancer.
nuclear medicine specialist evaluation
An evaluation with a specialist who focuses on the health of women before, during and after childbearing years, diagnosing and treating conditions of the reproductive system and associated disorders.
consultation with obstetrics and gynecology specialist
obstetrics and gynecology specialist consultation
obstetrics/gynecology specialist consultation
obstetrics/gynecology specialist evaluation
obstetrics and gynecology specialist evaluation
An evaluation by a specialist focused on the medical and surgical care of the eyes. Ophthalmologists are the only physicians medically trained to manage the complete range of the eye and vision care. They can prescribe glasses and contact lenses, dispense medications, diagnose and treat eye conditions and diseases and perform surgeries.
ophthalmologist evaluation
An evaluation by a specialist who has expertise in the surgical and medical care for all structures of the musculoskeletal system directly affected by participation in sporting activity. This specialist is proficient in areas including conditioning, training and fitness, athletic performance and the impact of dietary supplements, pharmaceuticals, and nutrition on performance and health, coordination of care within the team setting utilizing other health care professionals, field evaluation and management, soft tissue biomechanics and injury healing and repair. Knowledge and understanding of the principles and techniques of rehabilitation, athletic equipment and orthotic devices enables the specialist to prevent and manage athletic injuries.
consultation with sports medicine orthopedic surgeon
referral to sports medicine orthopedic surgeon
sports medicine orthopedic surgeon consultation
sports medicine orthopedic surgeon evaluation
sports medicine orthopedist consultation
sports medicine orthopedist evaluation
An assessment by a specialist with expertise in the surgical, medical and rehabilitative care of patients with diseases, injuries, and disorders affecting the hand, wrist and forearm.
consultation with orthopedic hand surgeon
Common conditions treated by a hand surgeon include carpal tunnel syndrome, trigger fingers, ganglia (lumps), sports injuries to the hand and wrist, and hand injuries involving cut tendons, nerves and arteries. Hand Surgeons may be General Surgeons, Orthopedic Surgeons or Plastic Surgeons who have received additional training in this area.
hand surgeon evaluation
An assessment by a specialist who provides medical and/or surgical therapy or prevention of diseases, allergies, neoplasms, deformities, disorders and/or injuries of the ears, nose, sinuses, throat, respiratory and upper alimentary systems, face, jaws and the other head and neck systems.
consultation by otolaryngology specialist
Head and neck oncology, facial plastic and reconstructive surgery and the treatment of disorders of hearing and voice are fundamental areas of expertise.
otolaryngologist evaluation
An assessment by a specialist concerned with the physical, emotional, and social health of children from birth to young adulthood.
Pediatric care encompasses a broad spectrum of health services ranging from preventive health care to the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic diseases. Pediatricians understand the many factors that affect the growth and development of children. They understand that children are not simply small adults. Children change rapidly, and they must be approached with an appreciation for their stage of physical and mental development.
pediatrician evaluation
An evaluation with a specialist who possesses special skills, training and experience to foster understanding and promotion of optimal development of children and families through research, education, clinical care and advocacy efforts. This physician assists in the prevention, diagnosis and management of developmental difficulties and problematic behaviors in children and in the family dysfunctions that compromise children’s development.
consultation with developmental-behavior pediatrician
developmental-behavior pediatrician consultation
developmental-behavior pediatrician referral
referral to developmental-behavior pediatrician
developmental-behavior pediatrician evaluation
An evaluation by a specialist who provides expert care to infants, children and adolescents who have diseases that result from an abnormality in the endocrine glands (glands which secrete hormones). These diseases include diabetes mellitus, growth failure, unusual size for age, early or late pubertal development, birth defects, the genital region and disorders of the thyroid, the adrenal and pituitary glands.
consultation with pediatric endocrinologist
pediatric endocrinologist evalutation
Evaluation by a specialist who provides comprehensive care to patients with cardiovascular problems. This specialist is skilled in selecting, performing, and evaluating the structural and functional assessment of the heart and blood vessels, and the clinical evaluation of cardiovascular disease.
consultation with pediatric cardiologist
pediatric cardiologist evaluation
Assessment by a specialist who treats patients with disorders or disabilities in the muscles, bones, and nervous system, including neck or back pain, sports and work injuries, stroke, brain injury, spinal cord injury, spasticity, and any other disability or disorder that affects function.
assessment by physical medicine and rehabilitation specialist
consultation with physical medicine and rehabilitation specialist
evaluation by physical medicine and rehabilitation specialist
examination by physical mediciane and rehabilitation specialist
physical medicine and rehabilitation specialist assessment
physical medicine and rehabilitation specialist consultation
physical medicine and rehabilitation specialist evaluation
physical medicine and rehabilitation specialist referral
Treatment modalities by a physiatrist may include medications, injections, therapeutic exercise, electrodiagnosis, and any equipment required for daily activities.
physiatrist evaluation
An assessment with a specialist who focuses on the repair, reconstruction or replacement of physical defects of form or function involving the skin, musculoskeletal system, craniomaxillofacial structures, hand, extremities, breast and trunk and external genitalia or cosmetic enhancement of these areas of the body.
plastic surgeon evaluation
Evaluation by a physician who specializes in the evaluation and treatment of mental, addictive and emotional disorders.
psychiatrist evaluation
Evaluation by a physician who specializes in the evaluation and treatment of mental, addictive and emotional disorders in children and adolescence.
assessment by child and adolescent psychiatrist
child and adolescent psychiatrist assessment
child and adolescent psychiatrist consultation
child and adolescent psychiatrist referral
consultation with child and adolescent psychiatrist
evaluation by child and adolescent psychiatrist
referral to child and adolescent psychiatrist
child and adolescent psychiatrist evaluation
An evaluation a specialist who treats all types of disease or impaired function of the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, muscles and autonomic nervous system, as well as the blood vessels that relate to these structures.
neurologist evaluation
Evaluation with a specialist who diagnose and treat all types of disease or impaired function of the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, muscles and autonomic nervous system, as well as the blood vessels that relate to these structures in infants, children, and adolescents. They also have special competence in genetic and metabolic problems, malformation, retardation and other neurodevelopmental problems of childhood.
child neurologist evaluation
Evaluation by a specialist who uses imaging methodologies to diagnose and manage patients and provide therapeutic options.
radiologist evaluation
Evaluation by an expert in the diagnosis and care of patients with diseases and disorders affecting the abdomen, digestive tract, endocrine system, breast, skin and blood vessels. A general surgeon is also trained in the treatment of patients who are injured or critically ill, and in the care of pediatric and cancer patients. General surgeons are skilled in the use of minimally invasive techniques and endoscopies.
general surgeon evaluation
An evaluation by a specialist who performs preoperative, operative, and postoperative management of patients with disorders of the arterial, venous and lymphatic systems, excluding vessels of the brain and the heart.
vascular surgeon evaluation
Evaluation by a specialist who focuses on the operative, perioperative, and surgical critical care of patients with acquired and congenital pathologic conditions within the chest.
assessment by thoracic and cardiac surgeon
consultation with thoracic and cardiac surgeon
evaluation by thoracic and cardiac surgeon
referral to thoracic and cardiac surgeon
thoracic and cardiac surgeon consultation
thoracic and cardiac surgeon evaluation
An evaluation by a specialist that focuses on diagnosing and treating disorders of the urinary tracts of males and females, and on the reproductive system of males. This specialist manages non-surgical problems such as urinary tract infections and benign prostatic hyperplasia, as well as surgical problems such as the surgical management of cancers, the correction of congenital abnormalities, and correcting stress incontinence.
urologist evaluation
Evaluation by a physician who specializes in the evaluation and treatment of of the brain.
psychiatry and neurology specialist evaluation
Assessment by a specialist who has expertise in the diagnosis and preoperative, operative, and postoperative management of patient care.
surgeon evaluation
A procedure, also known as sonohysterography or saline infusion sonography, using a minimally invasive ultrasound technique to view the inside of the uterus. Sterile saline is injected into the endometrial cavity thereby distending the endometrial cavity, providing good visualization of the anatomic structures within.
hysterosonography
An invasive procedure in which sound waves (called ultrasound) are bounced off of vascular tissues from within the vessel and the echoes produce a picture (sonogram).
intravascular ultrasonography
A technique in which sound waves are sent out by an ultrasound probe that has been inserted in the vagina and a computer uses the ultrasound echoes to create an image of the female genital tract. The test can be performed to evaluate women with infertility problems, abnormal bleeding, sources of unexplained pain, congenital malformations of the uterus and ovaries, and possible tumors and infection.
transvaginal ultrasonography
A procedure that uses sound waves to create a video image of the pelvic organs and tissues. A small, lubricated probe placed into the rectum releases sound waves, which create echoes as they enter a pelvic organ. The echoes that bounce back are sent to a computer that translates the pattern of echoes into a picture of the specific organ under examination. This procedure is most often used to evaluate the prostate gland.
transrectal ultrasonography
A procedure where a allied health care provider who was not previously involved in a patient's treatment, reviews a patient's medical history, examines the patient, and makes recommendations as to care and treatment. This is care provided by health care practitioners who are distinct providers from dentistry, nursing, medicine, and pharmacy health care professionals.
assessment by allied health professional
consulationat with allied health professional
consultation with allied health practitioner
evaluation by allied health professional
evaluation managed by allied health professional
allied health professional evaluation
An initial evaluation or assessment by a health professional trained to help people who are ill or disabled learn to manage their daily activities.
occupational therapist evaluation
An initial assessment by a professional who works to prevent, assess, diagnose, and treat speech, language, social communication, congnitive-communication, and swallowing disorders.
evaluation by speech and language therapist
speech and language pathologist evaluation
speech and language therapist evaluation
speech-language pathologist evaluation
A first assessment by a trained non-medical health professional who specializes in the identification, testing, habilitation and rehabilitation of hearing loss and other auditory and balance disorders. Particularly, an audiologist may be involved in diagnostic and screening procedures to determine hearing deficits, as well as in assessment of amplification devices and instruction in their care, training in speechreading, and may serve as consultant to government and industry on issues concerning environmental, noise-induced hearing loss.
audiologist evaluation
A therapy derived from fibric acid that lowers serum LDL cholesterol levels by activating peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARa).
fibrate antilipidemic agent therapy
Therapy using a highly charged polymeric agent to bind bile acids in the gastrointestinal tract and prevent their reabsorption from the gut. The bound bile acids are excreted with the feces and plasma cholesterol is converted to bile acid to reestablish normal bile acid levels, resulting in a lowering of plasma cholesterol concentrations.
bile acid sequestrant therapy
Therapy that inhibits HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor.
hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor therapy
treatment with EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor
Treatment with an agent that works through, or mimics, the action of niacin.
An antilipidemic agent that works through, or mimics, the action of niacin to increase HDL-C levels by blocking hepatic uptake of apolipoprotein A-1 and decreasing HDL clearance. The use of free niacin is limited by its side effects of skin flushing (i.e., redness, itching, burning, and paresthesias)
nicotinic acid agent therapy
Treatment with a diuretic agent that produces diuresis without increasing potassium excretion.
treatment with potassium-sparing diuretic
Potassium sparing diuretics are generally either aldosterone antagonists and thus prevent the aldosterone-mediated promotion of sodium and water retention, or are epithelial sodium channel blockers and prevent the exchange of potassium for sodium in the distal convoluted tubule. These agents cause diuresis without increasing potassium secretion and thus do not cause hypokalemia.
potassium-sparing diuretic agent therapy
Treatment with a benzothiadiazide derivative or other thiazide-like agent with diuretic and anti-hypertensive activity.
Thiazide diuretics inhibit the sodium-chloride transporter in the distal tubule in the kidneys, thereby suppressing sodium and chloride reabsorption from the distal convoluted tubules (DCT) and increasing the excretion of sodium, chloride, potassium and water. In addition, thiazide diuretics decrease excretion of calcium and uric acid. These agents cause vasodilation possibly by activating calcium-activated potassium channels in vascular smooth muscle and inhibiting various carbonic anhydrases in vascular tissue.
thiazide diuretic agent therapy
Treatment with sulfonamide urea derivatives with antihyperglycemic activity.
Sulphonylurea antidiabetic agents bind to sulfonylurea receptor type 1 (SUR1), the subunit of ATP-sensitive inwardly-rectifier potassium (IKATP) channels on the membranes of pancreatic beta cells, thereby blocking the inward current flow (influx) of positively charged K+ ions into the cell. This results in tonic membrane depolarization, and induces a calcium ion influx through voltage-sensitive calcium channels; increased intracellular calcium ion levels trigger exocytosis of insulin-containing granules. This eventually induces secretion of insulin. The IKATP channels found in pancreatic islets are complexes of four IKATP 6.2 and four SUR1 subunits. In addition, some sulfonylureas of larger molecular size may increase the sensitivity of peripheral tissues to insulin mediated through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma).
sulfonylurea agent therapy
Treatment with estrogens or estrogen/progesterone after menopause or ovariectomy to prevent pathological effects of decreased estrogen production.
menopausal hormone therapy
Techniques for analysis of chromosomal and subchromosomal properties and structures, such as those to diagnose, classify, screen for, or manage genetic diseases and abnormalities.
cytogenetic analysis
A test to detect chromosomal breakage or aberrations (breaks, gaps, rearrangements, radials, exchanges, endoreduplications) in peripheral blood cells after culture with a T-cell mitogen and a DNA clastogenic (cross-linking) agent, such as diepoxybutane (DEB) or mitomycin C (MMC).
chromosomal breakage analysis
Transfer of multipotent hematopoietic stem cells, usually derived from bone marrow, peripheral blood, or umbilical cord blood into the body.
hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
The transplantation of fecal bacteria, via enema, colonoscopy, or other method, from a healthy individual to a recipient.
fecal microbiota transplantation
The removal of T-cells from the donor's hematopoietic stem cell specimen prior to its transfusion into the recipient.
T cell-depleted hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Administration of high doses of chemotherapy or radiation therapy, as well as immunosuppressive therapy, to a transplant recipient prior to a bone marrow or hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Conditioning destroys the patient's abnormal blood cells or cancer, as well as slows the patient's immune response against the donor bone marrow (graft rejection).
transplant conditioning
The systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data on an ongoing basis.
clinical surveilance
Removal of a small amount of liquid bone marrow through a needle.
bone marrow aspiration
The pathologic analysis of samples of bone marrow obtained by bone marrow biopsy and bone marrow aspiration.
bone marrow examination
The determination of the amount of degree, quality or condition of cells present in a sample.
cellularity measurement
The sampling and analysis of non-solid biological tissue often through rapid and non-invasive methods, which allows the assessment in real-time of the evolving landscape of cancer.
liquid biopsy
The injection of whole blood or a blood component directly into the bloodstream.
blood transfusion
Any form of treatment that is introduced into the body via a blood vessel, a muscle, or the spinal cord.
infusion procedure
Avoid sexual intercourse without the use of precautions to prevent conception or the transmission of sexually transmitted diseases.
avoid unprotected sexual intercourse
Vaccination against human papillomavirus infection.
human papillomavirus vaccination
Addition of vitamin B12 to a diet for complete nutrition support.
Addition of B vitamin to a diet for complete nutrition support.
parenteral nutrition intake
Intake of nutrients intravenously as well as enterically.
partial parenteral nutrition intake
Intravenous nutrition intake administered via vein access in a limb.
peripheral parenteral nutrition intake
Intravenous nutrition administration via the central vein.
central venous nutrition intake
A recommendation to alter dietary intake where 30% or less of the calories come from fat.
low fat diet intake
Recommendation of a specific diet to adhere to prevent, relieve, or alleviate symptoms.
prescriptive dietary intake
A recommendation to alter a standard diet from 2-3 large meals per day to many frequent smaller meals throughout the day.
small meal size recommendation
A recommendation to maintain a vegetarian diet for health reasons.
prescriptive vegetarian diet intake
Dietary recommendation to closely control the amount of carbohydrates consumed.
Very low-carbohydrate (< 10% carbohydrates) or 20-50 gm/day Low-carbohydrate (<26% carbohydrates) or less than < 130 gm/day Moderate-carbohydrate (26%-44%) High-carbohydrate (45% or greater)
carbohydrate controlled diet intake
A dietary recommendation to restrict the amount of carbohydrates consumed.
carbohydrate-restricted diet intake
A recommendation to consume food low in purine content.
low purine diet intake
A recommendation to adhere to Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. The diet promotes consumption of vegetables and fruits, lean meat and dairy products, and the inclusion of micronutrients and the reduction of sodium in the diet to about 1500 mg/day.
dietary approaches to stop hypertension diet intake
DASH diet intake
Exclusively feeding an infant formula in efforts to prevent allergic reactions, intolerances, or communication of diseases (i.e. HIV) through feeding human milk.
exclusive formula feeding
A diet low in poorly absorbed, fermentable, short chain carbohydrates including fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) intended to reduce bloating, abdominal pain, excessive flatus and altered bowel habit.
low FODMAP diet intake
Addition of iron to the diet by taking ferrous sulfate supplements.
ferrous sulfate supplementation
The quantitative measurement of liver enzymes in the blood, which is useful in assessing the functional state of a patient's liver. Liver function tests include the measurement of albumin, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, and gamma glutamyl transferase.
liver function testing
Treatment with growth hormone or analog.
human growth hormone replacement therapy
Any procedure associated with female reproductive organs in their pregnant and non-pregnant states.
obstetrics and gynecology procedure
Any examination performed to assess if a female is gravid (pregnant).
pregnancy test
A quantitative measurement of the amount of human chorionic gonadotropin present in urine or serum.
human chorionic gonadotropin measurement
HCG measurement
A quantitative measurement of the amount of human chorionic gonadotropin present in a sample of serum.
serum human chorionic gonadotropin measurement
serum HCG measurement
A quantitative measurement of the amount of human chorionic gonadotropin present in a sample of urine.
urine human chorionic gonadotropin measurement
urine HCG measurement
The determination of the measured concentrations of chemical constituents of the blood by assay in a clinical laboratory.
blood chemistry measurement
A quantitative measurement of a particular substance present in a sample of serum.
serum chemistry measurement
A quantitative measurement of a particular substance present in a sample of urine.
urine chemistry measurement
A systemic evaluation of the breast using visual inspection, palpation, and percussion. The purpose is to determine the presence or absence of physical signs of disease or abnormality for an individual's health assessment.
An exam of the breast performed by a health care provider to check for lumps or other changes. [ NCI ]
Procedure where the individual examines their own breasts for lumps and other changes.
breast self-examination
A systemic evaluation of the abdomen using visual inspection, palpation, and percussion. The purpose is to determine the presence or absence of physical signs of disease or abnormality for an individual's health assessment.
A systemic evaluation of the pelvic region of trunk using visual inspection, palpation, and percussion. The purpose is to determine the presence or absence of physical signs of disease or abnormality for an individual's health assessment.
physical examination of pelvic region of trunk
A measurement generally defined as the distance in centimeters from the pubic bone to the top of the uterus to determine fetal growth.
fundal height measurement
Determination of the uterine size by ultrasound or other measurement.
uterine size measurement
The act of observing and recording the fetal heart rate for determining the baseline values or other abnormal findings.
External fetal heart rate monitoring is performed using a hand-held Doppler ultrasound probe to auscultate and count the FHR during a uterine contraction and for 30 seconds thereafter to identify fetal response. It may also be performed using an external transducer, which is placed on the maternal abdomen and held in place by an elastic belt or girdle.
fetal heart rate monitoring
A technique that utilizes a wire attached to the fetal scalp to monitor fetal heart rate. The wire detects fetal cardiac electrical activity to determine the baseline fetal heart rate and variability.
internal fetal heart rate monitoring
Recommendation for specific nutrients, vitamin supplementation, and food avoidance while pregnant.
pregnancy diet intake
A clinical recommendation to avoid or refrain from excessively hot environments in order to maintain health or ameliorate symptoms.
avoid excessive heat
A recommendation to avoid infection with toxoplasmosis especially when pregnant due to serious risk of passing the infection on to the baby.
Cats play an important role in the spread of toxoplasmosis. They become infected by eating infected rodents, birds, or other small animals. The parasite is then passed in the cat’s feces. Kittens and cats can shed millions of parasites in their feces for as long as 3 weeks after infection. Mature cats are less likely to shed Toxoplasma if they have been previously infected. Cats and kittens prefer litter boxes, garden soils, and sandboxes for elimination, and you may be exposed unintentionally by touching your mouth after changing a litter box, or after gardening without gloves. Fruits and vegetables may have contact with contaminated soil or water also, and you can be infected by eating fruits and vegetables if they are not cooked, washed, or peeled.
Risk is most profound by a pregnant mother passing toxoplasmosis to their infant. Infected infants do not have symptoms at birth but can develop serious symptoms later in life, such as blindness or mental disability.
avoid toxoplasmosis exposure
Clinical recommendation to avoid strenuous exercise that may increase heart rate and temperature.
avoid excessive exercise
A clinical recommendation to avoid or refrain from lifting heavy items in order to maintain health or ameliorate symptoms.
avoid heavy lifting activities
Limit activities where a great deal of balance may be required to prevent issues or help the wellbeing of a patient.
avoid destabilizing activities
Education by care providers about nutrition, health issues, and resources for prenatal and postnatal care.
pregnancy education counseling
A measurement of the amount of sugar (glucose) in a urine sample.
urine glucose measurement
Testing for sexually transmitted disease syphilis. Syphilis is a contagious bacterial infection caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum.
syphilis screening
Testing to determine whether a patient has sufficient antibodies to be protected from rubella virus or to verify infection.
rubella antibody titer testing
Testing to diagnose primary VZV infection (varicella) as well as reactivation (herpes zoster).
varicella testing
Screening for hepatitis B antibodies to determine if a patient has immunity to hepatitis B.
hepatitis B assessement
Testing to detect hepatitis B viral antigens and an active hepatitis B infection.
hepatitis B surface antigen testing
Testing a patient for the antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
HIV screening
Testing to determine if the patient has a chlamydia bacterial infection.
chlamydia screening
Testing for the sexually transmitted disease gonorrhea.
gonorrhea testing
Screening for hepatitis C antibodies to determine if a patient has immunity to hepatitis C.
hepatitis C screening
A procedure to tell what a patient's blood type and cell surface markers are.
blood typing procedure
A procedured performed to determine the antigens patient's red blood cells (RBCs) that correspond to the four main blood groups: A, B, O, and AB.
ABO blood typing procedure
Testing to determine whether the protien Rhesus (Rh) factor is present on patient's red blood cells. If the protein is present, the patient is said to be Rh positive. If the protein is not present, the patient is Rh negative.
Rh factor blood typing procedure
A quantitative measurement of the amount of hemoglobin present in a sample.
hemoglobin measurement
A determination of the number of reticulocyte in a blood sample.
A quantitative measurement of the amount of iron in serum.
serum iron measurement
A quantitative measurement determining the amount of ferritin in serum as an indicator of iron metabolism.
serum ferritin measurement
The determination of the saturation of iron binding sites on serum transferrin proteins.
total iron binding capacity measurement
A measurement of size, shape, number, or other parameter of blood cells in order to diagnose or treat a patient.
blood cell measurement
A determination of the structure of erythrocyte.
A procedure taking a thin layer of blood smeared on a glass microscope slide and stained to allow blood cells to be examined with a microscope.
blood smear test
A quantitative measurement of the amount of creatinine present in a sample of serum.
Serves to assist in the evaluation of renal function.
serum creatinine measurement
The determination of the amount of thyroid stimulating hormone present in blood.
thyroid stimulating hormone blood assessment
Determination of thyroxine (T4) levels in the blood as an indicator of thyroid health.
T4 thyroid hormone test
Determination of triiodothyronine (T3) levels in blood as an indicator of thyroid health.
T3 thyroid hormone test
A measure of a patient's ability to clot, and how long it takes to clot.
blood coagulation test
A measurement of the length of time that it takes for clotting to occur when reagents are added to a plasma specimen. The test is partial due to the absence of tissue factor (Factor III) from the reaction mixture.
activated partial thromboplastin time test
partial thromboplastin time test
The determination of the ratio of the prothrombin time in a subject's specimen compared to a control sample. The measurement may be expressed as a ratio or percentage.
prothrombin time actual/control measurement
prothrombin time/international normalized ratio measurement
A measurement of the time it takes a plasma sample to clot after adding the active enzyme thrombin.
thrombin time measurement
The determination of the amount of alanine aminotransferase (human) present in the sample.
alanine aminotransferase (human) assessment
serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase test
Alanine aminotransferase is an enzyme produced mainly in the liver. When serum activity is measured, it provides a marker of hepatic disease.
The determination of the amount of aspartate aminotransferase (human) present in the sample.
aspartate aminotransferase (human) assessment
serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase test
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) are enzymes measured in serum or plasma to investigate liver disease.
The determination of the amount of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase present in the sample.
Determination of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) present in the sample as a measurement of liver function.
gamma glutamyl transpeptidase measurement
The determination of the amount of albumin (human) present in the sample.
The determination of the amount of alkaline phosphatase present in the sample.
The measurement of the total amount of bilirubin present in a particular substrate. The substrate most often tested is blood, but other fluids extracted from the body may be used periodically depending on the purpose of the test.
total bilirubin measurement
The determination of the amount of lactate dehydrogenase present in the sample.
lactate dehydrogenase measurement
The determination of the amount of 5'-nucleotidase present in the sample.
The measurement of bilirubin present in a particular sample.
bilirubin measurement
A measurement of the unconjugated or non-water-soluble bilirubin in a biological specimen.
indirect bilirubin measurement
A quantitative measurement of total protein present in the sample, usually serum or urine.
total protein measurement
The determination of the amount of protein present in urine.
The measurement of the total protein present in a urine sample that was collected over a period of 24 hours.
24-hour urine collection
A quantitative measurement of the total amount of protein present in a sample of serum.
serum total protein measurement
The determination of the amount of haptoglobin present in the sample.
Determination of the types of normal or abnormal types of hemoglobin in the blood. Some types of hemoglobin are associated with sickle cell disease or anemia.
hemoglobin electrophoresis test
Determination of serum levels of pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A). Maternal levels of PAPP-A increase throughout the pregnancy. Low levels during pregnancy are associated with Down syndrome and trisomy 18.
pregnancy-associated plasma protein A test
serum PAPP-A measurement
A test that involves administration of a know quantity of glucose as a means of screening for glucose intolerance or diabetes mellitus. Typically a baseline (fasting plasma or serum glucose) is drawn prior to the administration of the glucose bolus. Serial plasma glucose levels are obtained (e.g. 30min, 1hr, 2hr, 3hr) and a plot of plasma glucose versus time is created. Comparison of these values against standardized results can be used in establishing the diagnosis of glucose intolerance or diabetes mellitus.
glucose tolerance test
A test or diagnostic examination to assess the health status and well being of the fetus.
fetal examination
A series of maneuvers to determine the position and presenting part of the fetus with respect to the maternal pelvic canal in preparation for labor and the birth process.
assessment of fetal presentation
The use of pharmacological and/or mechanical methods to initiate labor, including spontaneous rupture of membranes without contractions. Examples of methods include: artificial rupture of membranes, balloons, oxytocin, prostaglandin, laminaria, or other cervical ripening agents. (adapted from reVITALize)
labor induction
A method to assess fetal oxygenation status during labor and delivery using a noninvasive reflectance pulse oximeter.
fetal pulse oximetry
The determination of the amount of protein present in blood.
A systemic evaluation of the abdomen using visual inspection, palpation, and percussion during pregnancy to determine the health of the mother and fetus.
obstetric abdominal examination
A quantitative measurement of the amount of human chorionic gonadotropin present in urine or serum for the purpose of determining whether the patient is pregnant.
pregnancy HCG test
A systemic evaluation of the cervix during pregnancy to determine dilation and effacement of the cervix, cervical position and consistancy, and fetal position.
obstetric cervical examination
An evaluation of the breast using visual inspection, palpation, and percussion for the specific purpose of identifying breast changes which may be cancer.
cancer screening breast examination
A test that evaluates of the sensitivity of a person's sense of hearing and is used to determine a person's hearing sensitivity at different frequencies.
hearing examination
The determination of the amount of albumin (human) present in the sample in order to assess the liver's function.
albumin test for liver function assessment
albumin test for liver function
The determination of the amount of 5'-nucleotidase present in the sample to assess liver function.
5'-nucleotidase test for liver function assessment
liver function 5'-nucleotidase measurement
5'-nucleotidase measurement for liver function
The determination of the amount of alkaline phosphatase present in the sample for assessment of liver function.
alkaline phosphatase measurement for liver function assessment
liver function alkaline phosphatase measurement
alkaline phosphatase measurement for liver function
A quantitative measurement of the amount of calcium present in a sample, usually serum or urine for the assessment of liver function.
calcium test for liver function assessement
calcium assessment for liver function
The determination of the amount of lactate dehydrogenase present in the sample to assess liver function.
lactate dehydrogenase measurement for liver assessment
The measurement of the total amount of bilirubin present in a particular substrate in order to assess liver function. The substrate most often tested is blood, but other fluids extracted from the body may be used periodically depending on the purpose of the test.
total bilirubin measurement for assessment of liver function
A measurement of the unconjugated or non-water-soluble bilirubin in a biological specimen to assess liver function.
indirect bilirubin measurement for assessment of liver function
The use of operant conditioning, including rewards and punishments, in helping a person create an atmosphere where he or she does not contribute to painful stimuli.
behavioral intervention
A type of psychotherapy utilized to treat different forms of mental disorders.The treatment involves the identification of unhelpful or destructive patterns of thinking and behaviors and the subsequent replacement with behaviors that are beneficial and constructive.
cognitive behavior therapy
The use of operant conditioning to alter a person's dietary choices and behaviors.
behavioral dietary intervention
A surgical procedure that leads to the removal of body part or body fluid.
surgical removal procedure
A laboratory procedure that evaluates the kidney function.
kidney function testing
A measurement of the volume of fluid filtered from the renal glomerular capillaries into the Bowman's capsule per unit time.
glomerular filtration rate test
An estimated rate of glomerular filtration is calculated from blood creatinine test, age, body size and gender.
estimated glomerular filtration rate calculation
Removal of hard deposits made of minerals and salts also called 'kidney stones' or 'renal calculi' by any of a number of methods.
renal calculi removal
Removal of hard deposits made of minerals and salts also called 'stones' or 'calculi' by any of a number of methods. Stones can be found in the kidney, gallbladder, urethra, salivary gland or other ducts.
calculi removal
A procedure to break a stone into small particles that can be more easily cleared from the body.
lithotripsy
A treatment to remove kidney snotes by sending ultrasonic energy/shock waves directly to the stone.
renal lithotripsy
A scope is inserted in the urinary tract to locate the stone. Using an optical fiber, laser light is directly emitted to the stone causing stone fragmentation.
laser lithotripsy
Using a lithotripter to aim sound waves directly at stones through the body, the shock waves break down stones or calculi which are then able to pass.
extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
A small cut is made through the patient's back and a nephroscope is inserted to locate and remove the kidney stone.
percutaneous nephrolithotomy
A ureteroscope is inserted into the ureter and a wire basket inserted through the tube to remove the stone(s). In addition, a laser or other mechanical device can be used to break up the stone(s).
ureteroscopic stone removal
Treatment with an antimetabolite that affects the metabolism and utilization of purines.
purine antagonist agent therapy
A procedure that displays the electrical activity of the heart.
electrocardiography
Treatment with acetylsalicylic acid. It is often a treatment for pain, fever, inflammation or to reduce risk of heart attack.
aspirin therapy
Treatment with an inhibitor that inteferes with the action of alpha-glucosidase.
alpha-glucosidase inhibitor therapy
Treatment with one of a group of heterocyclic compounds with a core structure containing a benzene ring fused to a diazepine ring. It is often used to treat anxiety.
benzodiazepine agent therapy
Treatment with a pharmaceutical agent that inhibits T-type calcium channels.
T-type calcium channel antagonist therapy
T-type calcium channel blocking agent therapy
Treatment with a pharmaceutical agent that inhibits L-type calcium channels.
L-type calcium channel antagonist therapy
L-type calcium channel blocking agent therapy
Treatment with a phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor.
phosphodiesterase inhibitor therapy
An agent or drug used to reduce or control weight.
weight loss pharmacotherapy
Treatment with an agent or drug to reduce or control weight in obese patients.
anti-obesity agent therapy
The management of pain by interventional procedures, pharmacotherapy, physical therapy, psychological counseling, or complementary and alternative medical therapies designed to treat or alleviate pain specifically for patients receiving palliative care treatment.
pain management for palliative care
A measurement or assessment to determine if a patient's sleep is disrupted.
assessment for sleep disturbance
A questionnaire designed to determine sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, or other issues related to having restful sleep.
sleep assessment questionnaire
Use of a portable device (actigraph) to study sleep-wake patterns and circadian rhythms by assessing movement.
actigraphy
A group of tests (usually central electroencephalogram (EEG) (C3 or C4), reference occipital EEG (O1 or O2), right and left electro-oculogram (EOG), mental or submental electromylogram (EMG), thoracic effort, abdominal effort, nasal and oral airflow, a microphone to record snoring, pulse oxygen saturation, EKG, and video recording to document body positions during sleep) taken during sleep.
polysomnography
Insertion of a tube into a blocked passageway, such as a blood vessel, to keep it open.
placement of a stent
A tube-shaped medical device is inserted into the nasal passage to prevent obstruction of the airway.
insertion of a nasopharyngeal stent
An initial evaluation by a professional trained and qualified to provide nutritional services at individual, institutional and community levels in term of assessing nutritional needs.
dietician evaluation
An initial evaluation by a trained and certified individual who applies knowledge of the concepts, principles, and practices of physical therapy for the treatment or prevention of physical disability or disease.
physical therapist evaluation
An initial assessment by a professional trained and qualified to perform technical work concerned with administering therapeutic and diagnostic respiratory care and life support to patients with cardiopulmonary deficiencies and abnormalities.
respiratory therapist evaluation
An initial assessment by a professionally trained person who is employed in the administration of charity, social service, and welfare. The assistance this professional provides helps disadvantaged individuals and families adjust themselves to the community.
social worker evaluation
A general assessment of the overall health of a newborn.
newborn examination
newborn behavior examination
A test conducted at 1 minute and 5 minutes after birth to determine the overall health of the newborn.
Apgar testing
Any method used to elicit a fetal heart rate acceleration response during labor.
intrapartum fetal stimulation
Determination of the newborn's heart rate.
newborn heart rate measurement
A procedure during labor in which the occiput is manually rotated from posterior to anterior.
manual fetal rotation
A manual method of maneuvering the fetus from outside the mother's abdomen to convert a breech into a cephalic presentation.
external fetal rotation
The treatment of communication disorders (speech disorders and language disorders), cognitive-communication disorders, voice disorders, and swallowing disorders.
speech therapy
An initial assessment by a person who specializes in the study of mind and behavior or in the treatment of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders.
psychologist evaluation
The neurophysiologic exploration of the electrical activity of the brain by the application of electrodes to the scalp. The resulting traces are known as an electroencephalogram (EEG). This test is used to assess brain damage, epilepsy and other problems.
electroencephalography
Treatment with a synthetic enzyme or mixture of enzymes used to replace or supplement enzymes to treat enzyme deficiency.
enzyme replacement or supplementation therapy
Detection of phosphoethanolamine in urine.
urine phosphoethanolamine measurement
The determination of the amount of bone specific alkaline phosphatase present in a sample.
bone specific alkaline phosphatase measurement
Measurement of alkaline phosphatase enzamatic activity in a biological sample.
alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity test
The determination of the amount of inorganic pyrophosphate present in a sample.
inorganic pyrophosphate measurement
Open brain surgery to remove part of the brain causing seizures.
resective brain surgery
Procedure to arouse the body or parts to increase functional activity.
stimulation procedure
Placement of a stimulator electrode in the part of the brain causing seizures.
responsive neurostimulation
Stimulation of the nerves that are outside of the heart.
extracardiac nerve stimulation
A procedure that uses a device to stimulate the vagus nerve with electrical impulses.
vagus nerve stimulation
A neurosurgical procedure involving the placement of a medical device called a neurostimulator (sometimes referred to as a "brain pacemaker"), which sends electrical impulses, through implanted electrodes, to specific targets in the brain (brain nuclei) for the treatment of movement disorders, including Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, and dystonia.[1] and other conditions such as obsessive-compulsive disorder and epilepsy.
deep brain stimulation
The use of skin electrodes to pass a low intensity, pulsed electrical current through the scalp and into the brain. This procedure is used to treat a variety of illnesses including anxiety, depression, and chronic pain.
cranial electrical stimulation
An invasive procedure to stimulate the spinal cord to aid in the management of chronic, intractable pain of the trunk and/or limbs, including unilateral or bilateral pain.
spinal cord stimulation
Any surgical procedure conducted on the nervous system.
Surgery performed on any part of the brain.
brain surgery
Surgical creation of an opening of the skull.
craniotomy
Treatment with a hormone that is naturally produced in the thyroid. When calcitonin given to patients with osteoporosis, calcitonin produces modest increases in bone mass because it slows the rate at which osteoclasts absorb bone.
calcitonin treatment
Supportive therapy involves the teaching of such life skills as managing medication, learning to socialize, handling finances, and getting a job.
supportive care
Therapeutic care designed to maintain the natural processes of the body and return to a more normal state of health.
physiological support therapy
Delivery of fluids to the body by any methods necessary.
hydration therapy
saline hydration
Treatment with a set of compounds that allow osteoblasts (bone building cells) to work more effectively, improving bone mass. Bisphosphonates are used in the treatment of osteoporosis, Paget's disease of bone, and may be used to lower high calcium levels.
bisphosphonate agent therapy
Bi-level positive airway pressure (or trade name BiPAP) delivers, by mask, two levels of pressure in response to patient flow. It is intended to support ventilation in a nonin-vasive way in spontaneously but insufficiently breathing patients in the home care environment.
Two new ventilatory techniques with almost identical names have been developed for adults: BiPAP(trademark) and BIPAP. BiPAP is a trade name derived from 'bi-level positive airway pressure'. BiPAP delivers, by mask, two levels of pressure in response to patient flow. It is intended to support ventilation in a nonin-vasive way in spontaneously but insufficiently breathing patients in the home care environment. In contrast, BIPAP (biphasic positive airway pressure) is a mode of ventilation developed for full ventilatory support in intensive care settings with the use of an endotracheal tube.
bi-level positive airway pressure ventilation
Biphasic positive airway pressure ventilation (BIPAP) is a mode of ventilation developed for full ventilatory support in intensive care settings with the use of an endotracheal tube.
Recently two new ventilatory techniques with almost identical names have been developed for adults: BiPAP(trademark) and BIPAP. BiPAP is a trade name derived from 'bi-level positive airway pressure'. BiPAP delivers, by mask, two levels of pressure in response to patient flow. It is intended to support ventilation in a nonin-vasive way in spontaneously but insufficiently breathing patients in the home care environment. In contrast, BIPAP (biphasic positive airway pressure) is a mode of ventilation developed for full ventilatory support in intensive care settings with the use of an endotracheal tube.
biphasic positive airway pressure ventilation
A procedure where filtering membrane is created for fluid to move out of the front chamber of the eye to underneath the superficial tissues around it (conjunctiva) and thus lowering the presure of the eye.
deep sclerectomy
Canaloplasty is a modification of viscocanalostomy, in which an additional intracanalicular stent is inserted to maintain canal patency and enhance the circumferential flow.
canaloplasty
A procedure that is a variation of a deep sclerectomy procedure. This procedure involves unroofing and dilation of the Schlemm’s canal without penetrating the trabecular meshwork or anterior chamber. A high-viscosity viscoelastic solution is injected to dilate the canal and create a passage from the canal to a scleral reservoir, thereby reducing intraocular pressure.
viscocanalostomy
A procedure to reduce intraocular pressure by enhancing the natural aqueous outflow channels, while reducing outflow resistance located in the inner wall of the Schlemm's canal and the juxtacanalicular trabecular meshwork.
non-penetrating glaucoma surgery
The surgery creates an alternative pathway for fluid to leave the eye. A small channel, or 'bleb' is created to allow fluid to drain from the eye.
glaucoma filtration surgery
The construction of a passage between a cavity or hollow organ to the surface of the body often to help drain bodily fluid.
ostomy surgical procedure
This technique surgically creates the patient’s anus within the sphincter muscle.
posterior sagittal anorectoplasty
A diagnostic procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the eye and visual system.
ophthalmic diagnostic procedure
A noninvasive imaging technique that provides high-resolution, cross-sectional images of the retina, retinal nerve fiber layer and the optic nerve head.
optical coherence tomography
An examination of the anterior chamber of the eye with a lens that is placed against the eye as a part of a slit-lamp examination.
gonioscopy
A test to assess the ability to focus on and discern objects, colors, depth, etc.
vision assessment
Assessment of the parameters of eye movement, including horizontal and vertical rotations of the eye, opening or closing of the eyes in response to stimuli, pupil response to light, and blink reflex.
eye movement measurement
A test performed by an ophthalmologist or optometrist assessing vision and ability to focus on and discern objects, as well as other tests and examinations pertaining to the eyes.
slit-lamp examination
A method in which pressure is applied to the surface of the cornea in order to flatten a prespecified area of the membrane, which is used to calculate intraocular pressure.
tonometry
A method in which a constant pressure is applied to the surface of the cornea in order to flatten a prespecified area of the membrane, which is used to calculate intraocular pressure.
applanation tonometry
A method in which a probe is bounced off of the surface of the cornea, creating an induction current that is used to calculate intraocular pressure.
rebound tonometry
The surgeon makes small incisions in the abdomen in order to insert an endoscope into the body. The endoscope can either clear the blockage, or remove the portion of intestines without nerves. The healthy portions of intestines are then reconnected in order to allow stool to pass through.
transanal endorectal pull-through procedure
This is also referred to as 'Hirschsprung disease surgery' as it is used for patients with 'Hirschsprung disease'.
pull-through procedure
A techniqhe which positions the neorectum accurately inside the sphincter complex without dividing any of these muscles.
laparoscopic-assisted anorectoplasty
Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of a particular by part or system.
diagnostic procedure by site
The use of computed tomography to produce images of structures of a particular body site.
computed tomography procedure by body location
CT by site
A specimen collection from a particular body site used for diagnostic purposes.
clinical biopsy by site
A procedure to take off or remove part or entire nail.
removal of nail
Reduction in the thickness and length of the nail. Often used to remove thickened nails due to fungal infection.
Debridement can be done by filing or drilling or other methods.
debridement of nail
Removal or elimination of a portion of skin for therapeutic use.
removal of skin
Removal of dead (necrotic) or infected skin to help a wound heal.
debridement of skin
desloughing of skin
Addition of a softening or soothing agent to the skin.
application of emollient to skin
Determination of shape of body or body parts. This may be used to assess symmetry, number, size, and shape of a patient's body or body parts.
body shape assessment
Determination of shape, symmetry, and/or size of face.
facial morphology assessment
Determination of shape, symmetry, and/or size of head.
head morphology assessment
The principle of functional MRI imaging is to take a series of images of an organ in quick succession and to statistically analyze the images for differences among them. Most commonly used in studies of brain function.
functional magnetic resonance imaging procedure
Gene therapy involves the use of nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) for the treatment, cure or prevention of human disorders.
gene therapy
The goal of immunotherapy is to induce anti-disease (usually tumor) responses by reprogramming and augmenting immune surveillance, and reducing immune suppression.
immunotherapy procedure
Treatment with a drug that deters or encourages the cessation of drinking alcohol.
alcohol deterrent agent therapy
Treatment with a drug that deters smoking or encourages the cessation of smoking tobacco.
smoking cessation agent therapy
An agent that binds to but does not activate an opioid receptor thereby blocking the actions of endogenous or exogenous opioid receptor agonists.
opioid antagonist agent therapy
A determination of the number of erythrocyte in a blood sample.
A determination of the number of platelet in a blood sample.
A determination of the number of neutrophil in a blood sample.
A determination of the number of leukocyte in a blood sample.
body measurement
Measuring the distance around (circumference) a patient's waist.
waist measurement
A measurement of circumference around the hip.
hip measurement
A recommendation of abstaining or avoiding any medical action that might normally be clinically prescribed.
medical action avoidance
Avoid the administration or use of aerobic exercise therapy.
Inoculating an individual with either killed or live agents to prevent contraction of a disease.
vaccination
Nutrition intake is the process of taking in of nutrients, especially by eating or drinking, considered in relation to the body’s dietary needs.
nutrition intake
Addition of vitamin supplement, prenatal to a diet for complete nutrition support.
dietary supplementation of vitamin supplement, prenatal
supplementation of vitamin supplement, prenatal
vitamin supplement, prenatal supplemental intake
A vitamin enriched supplement containing higher doses for specific nutrients such as folic acid, intended for women before, during and after pregnancy and also during their lactating phase.
A therapy utilizing a substance that produces loss of consciousness.
Use of a drug or therapy to treat or prevent microbial infections.
treatment with an anti-microbial medication
treatment with an antimicrobial medication
Use of a loosely defined grouping of drugs that have effects on psychological function.
A ratio determined by waist measurement divided by hip measurement.
waist to hip ratio calculation
Therapy using any agent that acts on an adrenergic receptor or affects adrenergic signal transduction.
Treatment with an agent that selectively binds to and activates beta-adrenergic receptors.
treatment with beta-adrenergic agonist agent
treatment with beta-adrenergic agonist drug
treatment with beta-adrenergic agonist medication
Determination of shape, symmetry, and/or size of face using a particular method.
facial morphology assessment by type
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of pharyngeal tonsil.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of adrenal gland.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of tooth root.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of vermiform appendix.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of skeletal joint.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of ear.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of synovial bursa.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of cardia of stomach.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of head.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of uterine cervix.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of gallbladder.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of optic choroid.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of clitoris.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of colon.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of cranium.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of urinary bladder.
Can mean the removal of the urinary bladder or the surgical removal of a cyst.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of bony vertebral centrum.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of intervertebral disk.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of digestive tract diverticulum.
digestive tract diverticulum surgical removal
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of thyroid diverticulum.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of hepatic diverticulum.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of duodenum.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of sympathetic nerve trunk.
sympathetic nerve trunk surgical removal
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of esophagus.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of stomach.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of tongue.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of gonad.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of liver.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of pituitary gland.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of uterus.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of iris.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of cornea.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of vertebra.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of larynx.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of lymph node.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of breast.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of kidney.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of nerve.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of ovary.
removal of female reproductive system gonada
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of testis.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of bone tissue.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of pancreas.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of panniculus adiposus.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of parathyroid gland.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of pineal body.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of lung.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of skin of prepuce of penis.
skin of prepuce of penis surgical removal
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of fallopian tube.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of spleen.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of synovial membrane of synovial joint.
synovial membrane of synovial joint surgical removal
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of thymus.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of thyroid gland.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of palatine tonsil.
A surgical procedure aimed at lowering the intraocular pressure by producing an outflow of aqueous humour through a drainage passage created in the sclera between the anterior chamber and the subconjunctival space.
eye trabecular meshwork surgical removal
The filtering procedure involves full thickness penetration of sclera to remove a small portion of the trabecular meshwork or surrounding tissue; it bypasses the natural outflow system by diverting aqueous humor from the anterior chamber into a subconjunctival reservoir with a filtering bleb on the eye. Antifibrotic agents, such as mitomycin-C and 5-fluorouracil, may be used intraoperatively and postoperatively to reduce scarring and prevent closure of the new channel.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of vagina.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of vas deferens.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of vitreous humor.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of mammalian vulva.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of penis.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of Pulmonary bulla.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of Hallux valgus.
Computer aided analysis of 3D facial images to detect abnormal facial phenotypes that assist in diagnosis, treatment monitoring and surgical planning.
3D facial analysis
Surgical removal of an abnormal pouch of the lining of the small intestine (bowel).
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of Cardiac diverticulum.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of Esophageal diverticulum.
Esophageal diverticulum surgical removal
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of Gastric diverticulum.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of Renal diverticulum.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of Bladder diverticulum.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of Urethral diverticulum.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of Fibrous cardiac diverticulum.
Fibrous cardiac diverticulum surgical removal
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of Muscular cardiac diverticulum.
Muscular cardiac diverticulum surgical removal
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of Spinal meningeal diverticulum.
Spinal meningeal diverticulum surgical removal
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of Coronary sinus diverticulum.
Coronary sinus diverticulum surgical removal
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of Thromboembolism.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of Pulmonary embolism.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of Arterial calcification.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of Neoplasm of the breast.
Surgery to remove abnormal tissue or cancer from the breast and a small amount of normal tissue around it. It is a type of breast-sparing surgery. NCIT:C15755
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of Uterine leiomyoma.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of Arterial thrombosis.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of Venous thrombosis.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of Abnormal thrombosis.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of Neoplasm.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of gland.
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding or preventing abnormal physiologic state.
prevent physiologic state recommendation
prevention of abnormal physiologic state
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding or preventing Ketosis.
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding or preventing Diabetes mellitus.
Diabetes mellitus prevention recommendation
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding or preventing Fever.
Recommendation to avoid triggers known to cause seizures or take medicine to avoid seizures.
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding or preventing Hypotension.
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding or preventing Hyperglycemia.
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding or preventing Weight loss.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from kidney for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
The use of computed tomography to produce images of structures of the kidney.
Addition of potassium atom to a diet for complete nutrition support.
dietary supplementation of potassium atom
Treatment with any agent that lowers cholesterol.
Therapy with an agent that inhibits the function of the sodium-potassium-chloride (Na+, K+, Cl-) cotransporter system in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle, thereby inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium, potassium, and chloride ions. This leads to an increase in the excretion of sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, magnesium, ammonium and water.
Avoid the administration or use of blood transfusion.
Avoid the administration or use of radiograph imaging procedure.
Addition of folic acid to a diet for complete nutrition support.
Addition of vitamin (role) to a diet for adequate and complete nutrition.
dietary supplementation of vitamin (role)
Addition of nicotinic acid to a diet for complete nutrition support.
dietary supplementation of nicotinic acid
Addition of pyridoxine to a diet for complete nutrition support.
obsolete dietary purine intake avoidance
Addition of ascorbic acid to a diet for complete nutrition support.
dietary supplementation of ascorbic acid
Addition of sodium pyruvate to a diet for complete nutrition support.
dietary supplementation of sodium pyruvate
Addition of fat-soluble vitamin (role) to a diet for adequate and complete nutrition.
dietary supplementation of fat-soluble vitamin (role)
fat-soluble vitamin (role) supplemental intake
supplementation of fat-soluble vitamin (role)
supplementation with fat-soluble vitamin
Addition of S-adenosyl-L-methionine to a diet for complete nutrition support.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine supplemental intake
dietary supplementation of S-adenosyl-L-methionine
supplementation of S-adenosyl-L-methionine
Addition of isoleucine to a diet for complete nutrition support.
Addition of valine to a diet for complete nutrition support.
Addition of calcium atom to a diet for complete nutrition support.
Addition of calcium carbonate to a diet for complete nutrition support.
dietary supplementation of calcium carbonate
Addition of glucose to a diet for complete nutrition support.
Addition of docosahexaenoic acid to a diet for complete nutrition support.
dietary supplementation of docosahexaenoic acid
docosahexaenoic acid supplemental intake
Addition of omega-3 fatty acid to the diet for complete nutrition.
dietary supplementation of omega-3 fatty acid
Addition of lutein to a diet for complete nutrition support.
Addition of ribose to a diet for complete nutrition support.
Addition of fluoride to a diet for complete nutrition support.
Addition of dietary supplement, fibre to a diet for complete nutrition support.
dietary supplement, fibre supplemental intake
dietary supplementation of dietary supplement, fibre
supplementation of dietary supplement, fibre
Addition of fish oil to a diet for complete nutrition support.
Addition of magnesium atom to a diet for complete nutrition support.
dietary supplementation of magnesium atom
A systemic evaluation of the head using visual inspection, palpation, and percussion. The purpose is to determine the presence or absence of physical signs of disease or abnormality for an individual's health assessment.
A systemic evaluation of the neck using visual inspection, palpation, and percussion. The purpose is to determine the presence or absence of physical signs of disease or abnormality for an individual's health assessment.
A systemic evaluation of the chest using visual inspection, palpation, and percussion. The purpose is to determine the presence or absence of physical signs of disease or abnormality for an individual's health assessment.
A systemic evaluation of the uterus using visual inspection, palpation, and percussion. The purpose is to determine the presence or absence of physical signs of disease or abnormality for an individual's health assessment.
A systemic evaluation of the uterine cervix using visual inspection, palpation, and percussion. The purpose is to determine the presence or absence of physical signs of disease or abnormality for an individual's health assessment.
A systemic evaluation of the eye using visual inspection, palpation, and percussion. The purpose is to determine the presence or absence of physical signs of disease or abnormality for an individual's health assessment.
A systemic evaluation of the multicellular organism using visual inspection, palpation, and percussion. The purpose is to determine the presence or absence of physical signs of disease or abnormality for an individual's health assessment.
physical examination of multicellular organism
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of fish steak (raw).
avoiding dietary fish steak (raw) intake
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of cow milk (raw).
Collection biological material from within the endocervix with a cotton swab for use in clinical tests.
Collecting of amniotic fluid for clinical use.
Collecting of respiratory system mucus for clinical use.
collection of respiratory system mucus specimen
respiratory system mucus specimen collection
Collecting of nasal mucus for clinical use.
Collecting of bodily fluid for clinical use.
Collecting of cerebrospinal fluid for clinical use.
collection of cerebrospinal fluid specimen
The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the venous blood vessel.
venous blood vessel diagnostic sonography
venous blood vessel ultrasound examination
venous blood vessel ultrasound imaging procedure
venous blood vessel ultrasound procedure
The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the testis.
The determination of the amount of insulin hormone present in the sample.
The determination of the amount of albumin (human) present in urine.
The determination of the amount of protein present in blood serum.
The surgical transfer of some or all of a(n) liver from a donor to a patient.
liver transplantation surgical procedure
Treatment with drug or agent that regulates potassium channels.
treatment with potassium channel modulator
potassium channel modulator agent therapy
Treatment with a drug or agent that inhibits potassium channels.
treatment with potassium channel blocker
Treatment with a drug or agent that inhibits xanthine oxidase.
treatment with EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor
xanthine oxidase inhibitor agent therapy
Treatment with a drug or agent that inhibits purinergic P2 receptor.
treatment with purinergic receptor P2 antagonist
purinergic receptor P2 antagonist agent therapy
Treatment with a drug or agent that inhibits P2Y12 receptor.
treatment with P2Y12 receptor antagonist
The determination of the amount of alkaline phosphatase present in blood serum.
alkaline phosphatase blood serum assessment
Inspection of skeletal joint using an endoscope.
Inspection of urinary bladder using an endoscope.
Inspection of small intestine using an endoscope.
Inspection of uterus using an endoscope.
Inspection of abdomen using an endoscope.
Inspection of larynx using an endoscope.
Inspection of mediastinum using an endoscope.
mediastinoscopy
Inspection of sigmoid colon using an endoscope.
Inspection of pleural cavity using an endoscope.
thoracoscopy
Inspection of upper digestive tract using an endoscope.
Inspection of ureter using an endoscope.
Inspection of lower digestive tract using an endoscope.
Inspection of rectum using an endoscope.
Inspection of fallopian tube using an endoscope.
Inspection of esophagus using an endoscope.
Inspection of tracheobronchial tree using an endoscope.
The use of any device, marker, or other means for the purpose of detecting the presence Neoplasm of the breast, usually in asymptomatic individuals.
The use of any device, marker, or other means for the purpose of detecting the presence Venous thrombosis, usually in asymptomatic individuals.
The use of any device, marker, or other means for the purpose of detecting the presence Colorectal polyposis, usually in asymptomatic individuals.
The use of any device, marker, or other means for the purpose of detecting the presence Intestinal polyp, usually in asymptomatic individuals.
The use of any device, marker, or other means for the purpose of detecting the presence Ureteral polyp, usually in asymptomatic individuals.
The use of any device, marker, or other means for the purpose of detecting the presence Cervical polyp, usually in asymptomatic individuals.
The use of any device, marker, or other means for the purpose of detecting the presence Small intestinal polyp, usually in asymptomatic individuals.
The use of any device, marker, or other means for the purpose of detecting the presence Multiple gastric polyps, usually in asymptomatic individuals.
The use of any device, marker, or other means for the purpose of detecting the presence Hepatoblastoma, usually in asymptomatic individuals.
Visualization of a particular body system, organ, or cell type using a variety of imaging techniques for use in screening, diagnosis, surgical procedures or therapy.
clinical imaging procedure by system
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of colorectal polyps.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of Intestinal polyp.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of Ureteral polyp.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of Cervical polyp.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of Small intestinal polyp.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of Osteoma.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of Multiple gastric polyps.
Multiple gastric polyps surgical removal
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of lens of camera-type eye.
lens of camera-type eye surgical removal
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of colorectum.
The determination of the amount of alpha-fetoprotein present in blood serum.
alpha-fetoprotein (human) blood serum assessment
blood serum alpha-fetoprotein (human) test
Use of a chemical compound that binds tightly to metal ions. Often used to remove toxic metals from the body.
Treatrment with an agent that binds excess amounts of copper to keep it from accumulating in some parts of the body, particularly the liver.
Use of a compound which binds tightly to iron molecules.
Treatment with a sequestering agent that can envelop multiple ions at a time.
The determination of the amount of beta-carotene present in the sample.
The determination of the amount of creatine present in the sample.
The determination of the amount of N-phosphocreatine present in the sample.
The determination of the amount of folic acid present in the sample.
The determination of the amount of carnitine present in the sample.
The determination of the amount of choline present in the sample.
The determination of the amount of glycerylphosphorylcholine present in the sample.
The determination of the amount of phosphocholines present in the sample.
The determination of the amount of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate present in the sample.
The determination of the amount of chemical entity present in the sample.
The determination of the amount of vitamin A present in the sample.
The determination of the amount of B vitamin present in the sample.
The determination of the amount of vitamin B complex present in the sample.
The determination of the amount of vitamin B1 present in the sample.
The determination of the amount of vitamin B2 present in the sample.
The determination of the amount of vitamin B3 present in the sample.
The determination of the amount of vitamin B5 present in the sample.
The determination of the amount of vitamin B6 present in the sample.
The determination of the amount of vitamin B7 present in the sample.
The determination of the amount of vitamin B9 present in the sample.
The determination of the amount of vitamin B12 present in the sample.
The determination of the amount of vitamin D present in the sample.
The determination of the amount of vitamin C present in the sample.
The determination of the amount of vitamin E present in the sample.
The determination of the amount of vitamin K present in the sample.
The determination of the amount of folates present in the sample.
Use of an imaging test that uses small amounts of radiation to produce pictures of pelvic region of trunk.
pelvic region of trunk radiogram procedure
Use of an imaging test that uses small amounts of radiation to produce pictures of skull.
Addition of cholic acid to a diet for complete nutrition support.
Addition of vitamin K to a diet for complete nutrition support.
Addition of vitamin E to a diet for complete nutrition support.
Addition of vitamin A to a diet for complete nutrition support.
A medical imaging technique used to visualize the inside, or lumen, of blood vessels and organs of the body, with particular interest in the arteries, veins, and the heart chambers.
angiography
Addition of water-soluble vitamin (role) to a diet for adequate and complete nutrition.
dietary supplementation of water-soluble vitamin (role)
supplementation of water-soluble vitamin (role)
water-soluble vitamin (role) supplemental intake
Addition of macronutrient to a diet for adequate and complete nutrition.
dietary supplementation of macronutrient
Addition of micronutrient to a diet for adequate and complete nutrition.
dietary supplementation of micronutrient
The surgical transfer of some or all of a(n) face from a donor to a patient.
The surgical transfer of a whole pair of lungs from a donor to a patient.
The surgical transfer of some or all of a(n) lobe of lung from a donor to a patient.
Transplantation of some or all of the liver, small intestine, and other abdominal organs (for example, the stomach and pancreas) at the same time.
Addition of selenium atom to a diet for complete nutrition support.
dietary supplementation of selenium atom
Food supplementation with selenium should be carried out in a careful and controlled way, to avoid causing the opposite effect than intended, because selenium is one of the most toxic elements in relatively small quantities being at the same time an essential micronutrient with an important biological role. The range between the necessary quantity of selenium and toxic dose is very narrow. PMID:27171069
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of selenium atom.
A specimen collection from a patient that is used for diagnostic purposes.
Use of computed tomography assisted biopsy to removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from a patient purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
A needle biopsy guided by real-time computed tomography (CT) scan images. OBI:0002652
clinical computed tomography assisted biopsy
Use of core needle biopsy to removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from a patient purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
A biopsy that uses a hollow tube to collect a core of tissue. OBI:0002656
Use of fine needle aspiration biopsy to removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from a patient purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
A biopsy that uses a thin needle to extract cells. OBI:0002655
Use of image guided biopsy to removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from a patient purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
A biopsy which uses an imaging procedure to guide a needle biopsy. OBI:0002651
Use of needle biopsy to removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from a patient purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
A biopsy that uses a hollow needle to extract cells. OBI:0002654
Use of surgical biopsy to removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from a patient purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
A biopsy involving a surgical incision into an organism to access the biopsy material. OBI:0002657
Use of ultrasound-guided needle biopsy to removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from a patient purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
An ultrasound-guided needle biopsy uses sound waves to help locate a nodule or abnormality within the thyroid. OBI:0002653
clinical ultrasound-guided needle biopsy
A surgery that fixes or mends coronary artery.
A surgery that fixes or mends cardiac valve.
A surgery that fixes or mends tricuspid valve.
A surgery that fixes or mends pulmonary valve.
A surgery that fixes or mends endocrine gland.
A surgery that fixes or mends fallopian tube.
A surgery that fixes or mends digestive tract.
A surgery that fixes or mends bone tissue.
A medically necessary surgery performed to restore function and conventional appearance of ear. The surgery can correct deformities created by birth defects, trauma or medical conditions and is performed by a plastic surgeon.
A medically necessary surgery performed to restore function and conventional appearance of cranium. The surgery can correct deformities created by birth defects, trauma or medical conditions and is performed by a plastic surgeon.
A medically necessary surgery performed to restore function and conventional appearance of face. The surgery can correct deformities created by birth defects, trauma or medical conditions and is performed by a plastic surgeon.
A medically necessary surgery performed to restore function and conventional appearance of manus. The surgery can correct deformities created by birth defects, trauma or medical conditions and is performed by a plastic surgeon.
A medically necessary surgery performed to restore function and conventional appearance of nasal septum. The surgery can correct deformities created by birth defects, trauma or medical conditions and is performed by a plastic surgeon.
nasal septum surgical plastic reconstruction
A medically necessary surgery performed to restore function and conventional appearance of bronchus. The surgery can correct deformities created by birth defects, trauma or medical conditions and is performed by a plastic surgeon.
bronchus surgical plastic reconstruction
A medically necessary surgery performed to restore function and conventional appearance of iris. The surgery can correct deformities created by birth defects, trauma or medical conditions and is performed by a plastic surgeon.
iridoplasty can be performed despite corneal clouding, whereas iridotomy cannot
A surgery that fixes or mends cardiovascular system.
surgical repair of cardiovascular system
A treatment that helps someone feel better, grow stronger, etc., especially after an illness.
therapy
A surgery that fixes or mends pericardium.
A medical examination performed using of magnetic resonance imaging to image the placenta.
Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the placenta
A medical examination performed using of magnetic resonance imaging to image the heart.
Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the heart
A medical examination performed using of magnetic resonance imaging to image the vertebral column.
Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the vertebral column
vertebral column magnetic resonance imaging
A medical examination performed using of magnetic resonance imaging to image the kidney.
Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the kidney
A medical examination performed using of magnetic resonance imaging to image the liver.
Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the liver
A medical examination performed using of magnetic resonance imaging to image the whole body.
A medical examination performed using of magnetic resonance imaging to image the cervical region of vertebral column.
Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical region of vertebral column
cervical region of vertebral column magnetic resonance imaging
A medical examination performed using of magnetic resonance imaging to image the adrenal gland.
Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the adrenal gland
adrenal gland magnetic resonance imaging
A medical examination performed using of magnetic resonance imaging to image the pancreas.
Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the pancreas
A medical examination performed using of magnetic resonance imaging to image the limb.
Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the limb
The transfer of a whole organ from one body to another.
An X-ray imaging technique that involves visualization of the pulmonary vasculature after fluoroscopy-guided catheter placement and injection of an iodinated contrast medium into the pulmonary circulation.
X-ray pulmonary angiography procedure
The X-ray examination of the blood vessels in and around the brain.
X-ray cerebral angiography procedure
Use of an imaging test that uses small amounts of radiation to produce pictures of teeth.
Imaging of small blood or lymphatic vessels less than 200 micrometers in diameter.
microangiography
Radiography of small blood or lymphatic vessels of an organ less than 200 micrometers in diameter.
X-ray microangiography
This test consists of injecting indocyanine green dye (ICG) through a peripheral intravenous line. The ICG subsequently binds to blood lipoproteins and travels to where there is blood flow. Using a near-infrared laser coupled with a camera, one can then visualize blood flow within 3–5 millimeters of the skin surface.
This technique can be used as a bedside diagnosis for frostbite
fluorescent microangiography
The X-ray examination of the blood vessels of the heart.
X-ray coronary angiography procedure
Use of a drug or agent that inhibits GABA signaling.
Use of a small amount of radioactive chemical called a tracer that can aid in imaging a target organ. The tracer emits gamma rays which are detected by a gamma radiation camera and analyzed by a computer to form the image of the desired region.
nuclear medicine imaging procedure
Use of a drug or agent that does not act as agonist or antagonist but does affect GABA-ionophore complex signaling.
Treatment with a drug or agent that modifies cholinergic signaling.
Treatment with drug or agent that activates cholinergic signaling.
Treatment with drug or agent to activate muscarinic signaling.
Use of a drug or agent that activates nicotinic acetylcholine receptor signaling.
treatment with nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist therapy
Treatment with a drug or agent that inhibits cholinergic signaling.
Treatment with a drug or agent to inhibit muscarinic signaling.
Use of a drug or agent that inhibits nicotinic signaling.
Use of a drug or agent that modulates parasympatholytic signaling.
Use of a drug or agent that modulates dopamine signaling.
Use of a drug or agent that activates dopamine signaling.
Use of a drug or agent that activates dopamine D1 receptor signaling.
treatment with dopamine receptor D1 agonist
Use of a drug or agent that inhibits dopamine neurotransmitter reuptake.
treatment with dopamine uptake inhibitor
Use of a drug or agent that inhibits dopamine signaling.
Use of a drug or agent that modulates neurotransmitter signaling.
Use of a drug or agent that activates GABA signaling.
Treatment with a drug or agent that activates GABAA receptor signaling.
Treatment with a drug or agent that activates GABAB receptor signaling.
Treatment with a drug or agent that inhibits GABAA receptor signaling.
treatment with GABAA receptor antagonist
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of sclera.
The surgical formation of an external opening from the colon through the abdominal wall.
Surgical creation of an external opening into the anterior bladder wall. [ NCI ]
The surgical formation of an external opening from the small intestines through the abdominal wall.
A surgically created connection between the ureter and the skin, which drains urine from the ureter in individuals with urinary obstruction or other issues that prevent normal urination.
The creation of an artificial external opening into the stomach for nutritional support or gastric decompression.
The surgical formation of an external opening from the duodenum through the abdominal wall.
The surgical formation of an external opening from the ileum through the abdominal wall.
The surgical formation of an external opening from the jejunum through the abdominal wall.
The surgical formation of an external opening from the kidney through the abdominal wall.
An assessment and intervention to develop, recover, or maintain life activies or occupations.
occupational therapy
A surgery that fixes or mends anorectum.
A surgery that fixes or mends large intestine.
A surgery that fixes or mends intestine.
A surgery that fixes or mends small intestine.
A determination of the structure of hematopoietic cell.
hematopoietic cell morphology assessment
hematopoietic cell morphology measurement
A determination of the structure of lymphocyte.
A determination of the structure of reticulocyte.
A psychological intervention that applies empirical approaches based upon the principles of respondent and operant conditioning to change behavior of social significance.
applied behavior analysis therapy
A determination of the structure of granulocyte.
A determination of the structure of basophil.
A determination of the structure of neutrophil.
A determination of the structure of platelet.
A determination of the structure of sperm.
A determination of the structure of T cell.
A determination of the structure of B cell.
A determination of the number of sperm in a blood sample.
A determination of the number of helper T cell in a blood sample.
A determination of the number of T cell in a blood sample.
A determination of the number of B cell in a blood sample.
A determination of the number of natural killer cell in a blood sample.
A determination of the number of echinocyte in a blood sample.
A determination of the number of plasma cell in a blood sample.
A determination of the number of dendritic cell in a blood sample.
A determination of the number of regulatory T cell in a blood sample.
A determination of the structure of natural killer cell.
natural killer cell morphology assessment
natural killer cell morphology measurement
A determination of the structure of echinocyte.
A determination of the structure of Langerhans cell.
A determination of the structure of mast cell.
A determination of the structure of Schwann cell.
A determination of the structure of myeloid cell.
A determination of the structure of germ cell.
A determination of the structure of glial cell.
A determination of the structure of kidney glomerular epithelial cell.
kidney glomerular epithelial cell morphology assessment
kidney glomerular epithelial cell morphology measurement
A determination of the structure of oocyte.
A determination of the structure of myeloid leukocyte.
myeloid leukocyte morphology measurement
A determination of the structure of bone marrow cell.
Assessing and providing skills to eat better. Therapy is focused on tongue movements, chewing, swallowing, as well as other behaviors.
feeding therapy
The use or insertion of a catheter which is a flexible tube inserted through a narrow opening into a body cavidy for removing fluid.
Treatment with a drug to inhibit or suppress adrenal hormone production.
A drug or agent therapy regimen that closely mimics the physiological diurnal cortisol secretion pattern, tailored to the patient's daily needs.
A procedure to drain the bladder and collect urine via a flexible tube.
Method a drug, fluid, or other substance is taken into the body.
A route of administration whereby a substance is taken through the mouth, swallowed, and then processed via the digestive system.
A procedure that uses radio waves to create heat to destroy tissue.
Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the digestive system.
diagnostic procedure of digestive system
All manners of treatment to bring visual system back to its normal state.
Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the circulatory system.
diagnostic procedure of circulatory system
Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the excretory system.
diagnostic procedure of excretory system
Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the exocrine system.
Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the genitourinary system.
genitourinary system diagnostic procedure
diagnostic procedure of genitourinary system
Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the hematopoietic system.
hematopoietic system diagnostic procedure
diagnostic procedure of hematopoietic system
Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the integumental system.
integumental system diagnostic procedure
diagnostic procedure of integumental system
Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the skin of body.
Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the musculoskeletal system.
musculoskeletal system diagnostic procedure
diagnostic procedure of musculoskeletal system
Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the nervous system.
Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the reproductive system.
reproductive system diagnostic procedure
diagnostic procedure of reproductive system
Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the respiratory system.
diagnostic procedure of respiratory system
All manners of treatment to bring digestive system back to its normal state.
therapeutic procedure of digestive system
All manners of treatment to bring cardiovascular system back to its normal state.
cardiovascular system therapeutic procedure
therapeutic procedure of cardiovascular system
All manners of treatment to bring circulatory system back to its normal state.
circulatory system therapeutic procedure
therapeutic procedure of circulatory system
All manners of treatment to bring excretory system back to its normal state.
therapeutic procedure of excretory system
All manners of treatment to bring exocrine system back to its normal state.
therapeutic procedure of exocrine system
All manners of treatment to bring genitourinary system back to its normal state.
genitourinary system therapeutic procedure
therapeutic procedure of genitourinary system
All manners of treatment to bring hematopoietic system back to its normal state.
hematopoietic system therapeutic procedure
therapeutic procedure of hematopoietic system
All manners of treatment to bring integumental system back to its normal state.
integumental system therapeutic procedure
therapeutic procedure of integumental system
All manners of treatment to bring skin of body back to its normal state.
All manners of treatment to bring musculoskeletal system back to its normal state.
musculoskeletal system therapeutic procedure
therapeutic procedure of musculoskeletal system
All manners of treatment to bring nervous system back to its normal state.
All manners of treatment to bring reproductive system back to its normal state.
reproductive system therapeutic procedure
therapeutic procedure of reproductive system
Treatment with a drug that softens, separates, and causes desquamation of the cornified epithelium or horny layer of skin.
Keratolytic drugs are used to expose mycelia of infecting fungi or to treat corns, warts, and certain other skin diseases.
All manners of treatment to bring vestibulo-auditory system back to its normal state.
vestibulo-auditory system therapeutic procedure
therapeutic procedure of vestibulo-auditory system
All manners of treatment to bring immune system back to its normal state.
All manners of treatment to bring organism substance back to its normal state.
organism substance therapeutic procedure
therapeutic procedure of organism substance
All manners of treatment to bring amniotic fluid back to its normal state.
All manners of treatment to bring blood clot back to its normal state.
All manners of treatment to bring excreta back to its normal state.
All manners of treatment to bring feces back to its normal state.
All manners of treatment to bring urine back to its normal state.
All manners of treatment to bring interstitial fluid back to its normal state.
interstitial fluid therapeutic procedure
therapeutic procedure of interstitial fluid
All manners of treatment to bring ocular refractive media back to its normal state.
ocular refractive media therapeutic procedure
therapeutic procedure of ocular refractive media
All manners of treatment to bring aqueous humor of eyeball back to its normal state.
aqueous humor of eyeball therapeutic procedure
therapeutic procedure of aqueous humor of eyeball
All manners of treatment to bring vitreous humor back to its normal state.
All manners of treatment to bring pus back to its normal state.
All manners of treatment to bring reproductive gland secretion back to its normal state.
reproductive gland secretion therapeutic procedure
therapeutic procedure of reproductive gland secretion
All manners of treatment to bring female reproductive gland secretion back to its normal state.
female reproductive gland secretion therapeutic procedure
therapeutic procedure of female reproductive gland secretion
All manners of treatment to bring male reproductive gland secretion back to its normal state.
male reproductive gland secretion therapeutic procedure
therapeutic procedure of male reproductive gland secretion
All manners of treatment to bring respiratory system fluid/secretion back to its normal state.
respiratory system fluid/secretion therapeutic procedure
therapeutic procedure of respiratory system fluid/secretion
All manners of treatment to bring sputum back to its normal state.
All manners of treatment to bring secretion of exocrine gland back to its normal state.
secretion of exocrine gland therapeutic procedure
therapeutic procedure of secretion of exocrine gland
All manners of treatment to bring bile back to its normal state.
All manners of treatment to bring gastric juice back to its normal state.
All manners of treatment to bring organ back to its normal state.
Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the visual system.
Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the vestibulo-auditory system.
vestibulo-auditory system diagnostic procedure
Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the immune system.
Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the organism substance.
Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the amniotic fluid.
Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the blood clot.
Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the excreta.
diagnostic procedure of excreted substance
Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the feces.
Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the urine.
Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the interstitial fluid.
diagnostic procedure of interstitial fluid
Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the ocular refractive media.
ocular refractive media diagnostic procedure
diagnostic procedure of ocular refractive media
Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the aqueous humor of eyeball.
aqueous humor of eyeball diagnostic procedure
diagnostic procedure of aqueous humor of eyeball
Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the vitreous humor.
Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the pus.
Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the reproductive gland secretion.
reproductive gland secretion diagnostic procedure
diagnostic procedure of reproductive gland secretion
Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the female reproductive gland secretion.
female reproductive gland secretion diagnostic procedure
diagnostic procedure of female reproductive gland secretion
Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the male reproductive gland secretion.
male reproductive gland secretion diagnostic procedure
diagnostic procedure of male reproductive gland secretion
Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the respiratory system fluid/secretion.
respiratory system fluid/secretion diagnostic procedure
diagnostic procedure of respiratory system fluid/secretion
Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the sputum.
Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the secretion of exocrine gland.
secretion of exocrine gland diagnostic procedure
diagnostic procedure of exocrine gland secretion
Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the bile.
Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the gastric juice.
Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the semen.
Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the organ.
The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of zone of skin.
Use of a drug or agent that inhibits farnesyltransferase.
treatment with EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor
farnesyltransferase inhibitor agent therapy
Use of a drug or agent that inhibits matrix metalloprotease inhibitor.
treatment with matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
Treatment with a topical cream that is used to treat psoriasis.
A therapeutic surgical procedure to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease and hiatus hernia. It involves the wrapping of the fundus of the stomach around the lower esophagus to strengthen the lower esophageal sphincter.
Treatment with a diuretic to treat hypertension or edema.
Treatment with thyroid hormone or drugs replicating thyroid hormone to maintain a normally functioning thyroid.
Treatment with a class of medicines inhibit sodium-glucose cotransporter-2. Drugs are used with diet and exercise to lower blood sugar in adults with type 2 diabetes.
treatment with sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2 inhibitor
sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor therapy
Treatment with an activator to the somatostatin receptor.
treatment with somatostatin receptor agonist
A surgery to move a testical from growin to scrotum. The procedure permanently fixes the testical to the scrotum.
Orchiopexy corrects undescended testicles that have not dropped into the scrotum or testicular torsion where testicular blood supply twists and cuts off blood flow to the testicle.
Magnetic resonance imaging of the developing fetus in utero.
A type of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in which stem cells are obtained from a donor other than the recipient.
allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Intravenous administration of Immune globulin antibodies) derived from the plasma of donors.
A type of biologic therapy that is designed to inhibit the activity of IgE immunoglobulins.
A type of biologic therapy that is designed to modulate helper 2 (Th2) T cell activity
Use of a drug or substance that inhibits complement 5.
treatment with complement component 5 inhibitor
A molecular genetic produce to alter a target gene sequence with the intention of repairing or altering the activity of a gene product that is related to a disease.
Therapeutic administration of interferon alpha.
Therapeutic administration of interferon gamma
Therapeutic administration of an inhibitor of interleukin 1
interleukin-1 receptor inhibitor therapy
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding vaccination with live (ative) agents
The infusion of thrombocytes directly into the bloodstream
Therapeutic administration of an analog of somatostatin.
Ongoing clinical investigations targeted at the early identification or return of cancer.
Therapeutic administration of an inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor.
obsolete ophthalmological diagnostic procedure
Administration of drugs or other substances by routes other than the digestive tract.
Avoid the administration or use of serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor agent therapy.
avoid serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor agent therapy
avoiding serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor agent therapy
serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor agent therapy avoidance
Avoid the administration or use of antidepressant agent therapy.
A pharmaceutical substance that is biologically inactive, but it is metabolized by the body to produce a drug.
A drug or pharmaceutical agent tht is used to attempt to prevent or reverse neuronal damage, thereby retaining physiological function.
A drug or pharmaceutical agent that is developed to treat a rare medical condition.
A drug or substance used as therapy to inhibit 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate hydroxylase.
treatment with EC 1.13.11.27 (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) inhibitor
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase inhibitor therapy
A drug or substance that inhibits the metabolism of tyrosine.
Any surgical procedure conducted on the digestive system.
Any surgical procedure conducted on the alimentary part of gastrointestinal system.
alimentary part of gastrointestinal system surgical procedure
surgical procedure on alimentary part of gastrointestinal system
Gross motor therapy is designed to help individuals improve their use of large muscles and the coordination of the arms, legs, and the entire body.
Any surgical procedure conducted on the circulatory system.
surgical procedure on circulatory system
Any surgical procedure conducted on the genitourinary system.
surgical procedure on genitourinary system
Any surgical procedure conducted on the musculoskeletal system.
musculoskeletal system surgical procedure
surgical procedure on musculoskeletal system
A determination of the number of blood cell in a blood sample.
Any surgical procedure conducted on the pancreatic system.
Any surgical procedure conducted on the renal collecting system.
renal collecting system surgical procedure
surgical procedure on renal collecting system
Any surgical procedure conducted on the reproductive system.
surgical procedure on reproductive system
Any surgical procedure conducted on the zone of skin.
Any surgical procedure conducted on the respiratory system.
surgical procedure on respiratory system
Any surgical procedure conducted on the vascular system.
Therapy aids in the development and use of the small muscles of the hands for tasks such as grasping objects, writing, cutting with scissors, shoe-tying, and fastening buttons.
Drug or substance administration by placing it under the tongue where it is dissolved and absorbed into blood.
A method of appliying medication to skin or mucous membranes for local or systemic treatment.
Administration of drug or other substance by way of the ear.
A method of drug delivery that uses drug formulations that are designed to penetrate through the skin and exert effects on deeper or more distant tissues.
Administration of medicine or other substance through the nasal cavity often by inhalation.
Administration of medication, fluid, or other substance to the eye.
Administration of medication or other fluids into the rectal cavity whcih are absorbed by the rectum's blood vessels.
A method of delivering medication, fluids, or other substances into the vaginal cavity to produce local or systemic pharmacological effects.
Administration directly into the vein using needle or tube.
intravenous fluid route of administration
A route of administration that is injected in the intravitreal region, the vitreous chamber of the eye.
A method of allowing drops of fluid onto the eye.
A method that delivers fluid, drug, or other substance through the gastrointestinal tract.
Drug or substance administration by placing it between gums and cheek where it is dissolved and absorbed into blood.
Administration of medication via the skin.
Any procedure to help or ameliorate problems with the mouth
Use of a hearing aid equiped with frequency modulation.
hearing aid with FM amplification system usage
Usage of an appliance used as an artificial or prosthetic replacement for missing teeth and/or adjacent tissues.
Implantation of artificial tooth roots that are surgically placed into the jawbone to replace missing teeth and support artifician teeth.
Implantation of a bridge or prosthesis to bridge the gap between 2 healthy teeth where one or more teeth are missing.
A diagnostic procedure that involves taking a small amount of blood from a fetus's umbilical cord during pregnancy.
Treatment with an agent such as levodopa that is converted in the body to dopamine.
A procedure that involves inserting a hollow tube into a fetus's lung to drain excess fluid from the chest cavity into the amniotic sac.
shunt placement for fetal pleural effusion
A minimally invasive procedure that can treat twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome when identical twins share placenta and have unequal blood flow.
fetoscopic laser photocoagulation procedure
laser ablation for twin twin transfusion syndrome
Surgical procedure that closes a spinal defect in a fetus during pregnancy.
Surgical procedure to treat severe congenital diaphragmatic hernia by using a a fetoscope into the amniotic cavity and using a latex balloon to temporarily block fetus's trachea.
fetal endoscopic tracheal occlusion for congenital diaphragmatic hernia
fetoscopic tracheal occlusion for congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Treatment with a recombinant human parathyroid hormone to stimulate bone formation, increase bone mass, and reduce risk of vertebral and nonbertebral fractures.
recombinant human parathyroid hormone treatment
Treatment with a group of drugs which reversibly deplete one or more monoamine neurotransmitters.
A recommendation or requirement for a diet change that limits the amount of fluids a person can consume each day.
Treatment that uses chelating agents to remove manganese from the body to reverse its neurotoxic effects.
A recommendation to alter dietary intake such that a high proportion of the calories come from fat.
A type of intubation where the tube is placed through the nose, past the throat, and down into the stomach.
Use of a tube that is inserted through the nose, down the throat, and into the stomach.
Use of a flexible endoscope with a tracheal tube loaded along its length is passed through the glottis.
A type of intubation where the tube goes through the oral cavity into the trachea.
Intubation where teh tube goes through the nasal cavity into the trachea.
The use of a cortiicosteioid that is applied topically.
Any of a number of different type of eye drop therapy that can reduce eye pressure either by draining fluid from your eye or by lowering the amount of fluid your eye makes.
A canaloplasty where the surgeon creates partial-thickness flap in the sclera to insert the catheter.
Canaloplasty where the surgeon makes a small incision in the cornea and uses a goniotomy to access the canal.
A surgical technique that combines canaloplasty and suprachoroidal drainage to improve uveoscleral outflow and trabecular facility.
canaloplasty with suprachoroidal drainage outflow
canaloplasty with suprachoroidal drainage
A modified canaloplasty without preparing the classic trabeculo-Descemet's membrane.
Canaloplasty using different techniques without microcathetor and creation of a canal.
Pprocedures that use small incisions and microscopic instruments to reduce eye pressure (IOP). MIGS can involve less tissue manipulation than traditional glaucoma surgeries, such as trabeculectomy or tube-shunt surgery. MIGS can be safer and have a faster recovery time than traditional surgery, but it may not lower IOP as much.
A type of minimally invasive glaucoma surgery that increases trabecular outflow.
A MIGS with increased uveoscleral, suprachoroidal or subraciliary outflow.
MIGS increase uveoscleral/ suprachoroidal/ supraciliary outflow
A MIGS that leads to increased subconjunctival outflow
A type of MIGs using iStent medicxal device that is made of a heparin-coated titanium and inserted into Schlemm's canal using an ab interno surgical technique to create a permanent bypass channel for aqueous outflow from the anterior chamber to the collector channels.
GATT is a procedure for ab interno circumferential trabeculotomy using a 360 degree suture or microcatheter in Schlemm’s canal (i.e., opening the trabecular meshwork pathway without removing tissue.
gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy
A type of MIGS that uses trabectome surgical device to perform ab interno trabectulectomy.
A surgical procedure that involves making a small incision in the cornea and then using a specialized viewing lens to insert a device into the eye.
A type of MIGS where a Kahook dual blade single-use instrument is used to perform an ab interno trabeculectomy.
A MIGS using a small flexible tube that is implanted into the eye.
A MIGS where a tube made of gelatin and glutaraldehyde is implanted. It is insterted ab internally inot the anterior chamber, then through the sclera into subconjunctival space forming a bleb.
A MIGS where flexible micro shunt composed of polystyrene block isobutylene block styrene inserted ab externally ino the anterior chamber through subconjunctival space forming a bleb.
Treatment with a type of cholinergic agonist.
The use of any drug or chemical treatment applied to the surface of the body.
Topical administration of a cream, gel, or lubricant that softens the skin.
Treatment with a class of steroid hormones.
A combination drug used as topical treatment for skin disorders.
Us of a substance or drug that acts as a wetting agent and promotes soft bowel movements.
A surgical procedure that uses the cutting power of a laser beam to make bloodless cuts in tissue.
A type of excimer laser eye surgery used to treat various corneal disorders by reshaping the cornea and removing superficial corneal opacities or irregularities.
Wearing of any contact lens used to relieve pain and help protect or heal the cornea and nearby tissues.
A surgery that uses a fine needle ormicro-punctures in the anterior (front) part of the corneal stroma. This procedure aims to promote better adhesion between the corneal epithelium and the underlying basement membrane, thus reducing the risk of recurrent erosions.
A procedure that involves applying 20% alcohol to the surface of the eye to treat roughened corneal surfaces, such as those caused by scarring. The alcohol loosens the surface cells' attachment, making them easier to remove.
alcohol delamination of corneal epithelium
Removal of the eye's clear protective outer layer of corneal surface.
A surgical procedure where eye is rubbed with a device to polish the undersurface.
corneal epithelial debridement with diamond burr polishing
Eye drops used to lubricate dry eyes and keep moisture on the outer surface of eyes.
High salinity ophthalmic ointment used for reducing the swelling of the front surface of your eye known as the cornea. This swelling can be caused by surgery, infection, trauma, or other eye conditions.
sodium chloride hypertonicity ophthalmic ointment therapy
A mechanical treatment that blocks the tear drainiage system to preserve natural tears on ocular surface.
Use of eye drops made from patient's own blood to lubricate surface of they eye.
Transplantation of the innermost layer of the placenta graft.
Use of amniotic membrane transplantation to reconstruct ocular surface or as bandage to promote healing.
amniotic membrane transplantation for ophthalmology
Ointments that are appliend to the inside of lower eyelid to lubricate and protect eyes while sleeping.
Specific RNA molecules are used to induce sequence-specific inhibition of target gene expression or translation for the purpose of therapy.
Treatment with an antisense oligonucleotide that inhibits mRNA translation of a specific messenager RNA.
antisense oligonucleotide inhibitor therapy
Obtaining information about the health of directly related individuals.
Obtaining information about a patient's reproductive experiences.
Obtaining information about the onset of menarch, the beginning of the first menstrual cycle.
Obtaining information about the age of menopause of a patient.
A method of female sterilization where the fallopian tubes are surgically ligated to prevent conception.
Note: cystectomy can refer to removal of bladder OR removal of a cyst.
The surgical removal of an ovarian cyst.
The surgical removal of a cyst from the kidney.
A test to detect streptococcus, either Group A or Group B, in a patient.
A rapid antigen detection test to diagnose bacterial pharyngitis caused by group A streptococci.
A diagnostic procedure used to evaluate an individual's ability to perceive and judge the relative distances of objects in the three-dimensional world.
Therapy that helps with processing, integrating or organizing sensory information of the body.
Collection of stratum corneum samples by applying adhesive tape to the skin.
An intervention, e.g. a breathing or oral device, to help keep a person's airways open while they sleep.
Transplantation of fetal tissue into a person to treat disease.
A non invasive procedure that uses magnetic fields to stimulate nerve cells in the brain.
Examining chromosomes to identify abnormalities.
A genetic test that compares DNA sample to normal control to look for genetic alterations.
Assessing specific variants within a gene or genes that thave been associated with a condition.
Testing a single gene for genetic sequence changes.
A diagnostic procedure that analyzes multiple genes at once to idenify genetic variants associated with specific diseases or conditions.
Examination of methylation patheway genes.
A laboratory method that involves analyzing free (i.e., non-cellular) DNA contained within a biological sample. Most often, clinicians are looking for genomic variants associated with hereditary disorders.
Procedures and treatments that are used to aid in achieving pregnancy conception in individuals who are having difficulty doing so spontaneously.
assisted reproductive technology procedure
Use of an ophthalmic agent therapy that is delivered in the form of an eye drop.
Treatment by a class of drugs that treat erythropoietic protoporphyria.
alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone therapy
A drug or substance given to inhibit VMAT2 for therapeutic uses.
vesicular monoamine-transporter-2 inhibitor agent therapy
Treatment with any coagulating factors that promote clotting.
Treatment with any drug or agent that regulates coenzymes.
Treatment with the drug mevalonolactone.
Any drug or agent that lessens or prohibits myopathy.
Any drug or agent that inhibits carbonic anhydrase.
treatment with EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor agent therapy
Any drug or agent that inhibits adrenergic uptake.
treatment with adrenergic uptake inhibitor
adrenergic uptake inhibitor agent therapy
Avoid the administration or use of thalidomide agent therapy.
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding cannabis consumption.
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding tobacco consumption.
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding smoking behavior.
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding consumption of an addictive substance.
avoid consumption of an addictive substance
cessation of consumption of an addictive substance
consumption of an addictive substance avoidance
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding agitation behavior.
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding fear/anxiety related behavior.
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding sexual activity.
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding copulation.
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding stress related behavior.
Genetic testing of one or more cells removed from early embryos conceived by in vitro fertilization and transferring to the mother's uterus only those embryos determined not to have the pathogenic variant(s)/chromosome anomaly(ies) of concern.
preimplantation genetic testing
A procedure that can determine the DNA sequence for all of the exons (protein coding region) in an individual.
Clinical Exome Sequencing is a test for identifying disease-causing DNA variants within the 1% of the genome which codes for proteins (exons) or flanks the regions which code for proteins (splice junctions).
Sequence analysis of the exons of protein-coding genes in the genome typically performed by target enrichment or capture of exons followed by next-generation sequencing.
clinical whole-exome sequencing
The removal of the large intestine and rectum followed by making a pouch of the last part of the small intestine for solid material storage. The pouch is then sewn to the anus.
restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis
proctocolectomy with ileal pouch anal anastomosis
A procedure that can determine the DNA sequence for coding and non-coding regions in an individual.
Sequence analysis of the genome including coding and noncoding regions typically performed by next-generation sequencing (NGS) of sheared genomic DNA.
clinical whole genome sequencing
Fetal echocardiography is a test that uses sound waves (ultrasound) to evaluate the structure and function of the fetus's heart.
fetal echocardiography
An application of diagnostic ultrasound used to detect moving blood cells or other moving structures and measure their direction and speed of movement. The Doppler effect is used to evaluate movement by measuring changes in frequency of the echoes reflected from moving structures.
Doppler ultrasonography
The use of ultrasound on a pregnant person to produce images of structures in the kidney of the fetus.
prenatal renal ultrasonography
A surgical procedure where the whole colon is removed and the ileum is joined directly to the rectum.
colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis
Surgical removal of part of the pancreas, duodenum, and distal part of the bile duct. Sometimes, the lower portion of the stomach and the gallbladder are also removed. This procedure is performed for pancreatic, ampullary, duodenal and distal bile duct cancers.
pancreaticoduodenectomy
Infusion of red blood cells into a fetus through the umbilical code.
intrauterine fetal transfusion
Use of a drug or therapy that block neuromuscular transmission, causing paralysis of the affected skeletal muscles.
neuromuscular blocking agent therapy
Treatment with a neuromuscular blocking agent and inhibitor of acetyl choline release at motor terminals. It can be used to treat certain ailments like cervical dystonia and sialorrhea.
botulinum toxin type B therapy
Treatment with Botulinum toxin, a neurotoxic protein which blocks release of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions causing muscle paralysis. This therapy has many therapeutic uses including chronic migraine, spastic disorders, cervical dystonia, and detrusor hyperactivity.
botulinum toxin therapy
Treatment with Botulinum toxin type A which can treat certain conditions. Currently it is used to smoothed wrinkles. It is also called Botox treatment.
botulinum toxin type A therapy
A set of tests or assessments to determine congnitive abilities of a patient.
cognitive assessment
Evaluation for cognitive impairment by assessing the neuropsychological domains.
neuropsychological assessment
Evaluation of patient's cominucation involving naming, reading, writing, and repeating words.
language assessment
Evaluation of organizing and planning ability, as well as working memory, mental flexibility, list-making, and execution of tasks.
executive function assessment
Evaluation of a patient's ability to analyze information, detect patterns, detect relationships, or problem solveing abilities on an intangible level.
abstract reasoning assessment
Evaluation of short-term and long-term emory in a patient.
memory assessement
Evaluation of a patient's concentration or attention to a prompt or test.
attention and concentration assessment
Evaluation of a person’s ability to conceptualize and manipulate two- and three-dimensional objects.
visuospatial skill assessment
Surgical implantation of a device for the treatment of severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss. It works by transducing acoustic energy into an electrical signal, which is used to stimulate surviving spiral ganglion cells of the auditory nerve.
surgical introduction of cochlear implant
cochlear device implantation
A procedure where a substance or object is inserted into the body.
introduction procedure
A procedure to place an electrode in some part of the body for therapeutic purposes.
electrode implantation
The surgical implantation of a central neural auditory prosthesis for treatment of profound sensorinerual hearing loss in patients who are not cochlear implant candidates due to a lack of anatomically intact cochlear nerves or implantable cochleae.
auditory brainstem implantation
hearing therapy
hearing aid usage
Assessment and management of hearing loss.
auditory rehabilitation
Hearing therapy to help children born with hearing loss that have not learned to listen and talk.
child audiologic habilitation
A medical device inserted into the body to help control or monitor the heart and/or cardiovascular system.
cardiac implantable electronic device insertion
cardiac device implantation
Surgical insertion of an adjustable artificial electrical pulse generators into the body to interrogate and control the he pacing rate, the pulse width, and the voltage in order to a person's heart function.
pacemaker implantation
Insertion of a pacemaker that attaches one lead to the upper or lower heart chamber.
implantation of a single chamber pacemaker
single chamber pacemaker implantation
The implantation of a pacemaker that uses two leads, one for the upper and one for lower chamber of the heart.
implantation of a dual-chamber pacemaker
dual-chamber pacemaker implantation
Surgical insertion of a pacemaker that is used in cardiac resynchronization therapy.
biventricular pacemaker implantion
Expandable tubular metallic devices inserted into coronary arteries.
coronary angioplasty with stent placement
coronary stent insertion
Insertion of a medical device that delivers fluids, such as nutrients and medications, into a patient's body in controlled amounts.
infusion pump implantation
Insertion of a continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion to regulate insulin levels in a patient.
continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion pump implantation
insulin pump implantation
A therapy used in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) to improve glucose control and/or reduce the risk of hypoglycaemia.
continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy
Use of a medical device that delivers fluids, such as nutrients and medications, into a patient's body in controlled amounts.
infusion pump therapy
Surgical removal of the opacified lens and implantation of an artificial intraocular lens (IOL).
cataract extraction with IOL implantation
cataract removal with intraocular lens insertion
cataract surgery with artificial intraocular lens insertion
cataract extraction with intraocular lens insertion
Surgical incision into the eardrum to relieve pressure or drain fluid with placement of tympanostomy tubes to allow fluid to pass through the ear canal into the middle ear.
myringotomy and insertion of tympanic ventilation tube
myringotomy with placement of tympanostomy tube
Surgical placement of a prosthetic device to replace a joint.
implantation of joint prosthesis
Surgical procedure to replace the weight-bearing surfaces of the knee joint.
total knee replacement
A reconstructive proceder that surgically replaces the hip joint with an artificial prosthesis.
hip replacement
Placement of a intrauterine contraceptive device that prevents pregnancy.
insertion of intrauterine contraceptive device
Surgical removal of a mass without cutting into or dissecting it.
enucleation
Surgical procedure that involves removal of the entire globe and its intraocular contents, with preservation of all other periorbital and orbital structures.
enucleation of the eye
Surgical removal of tumor cells without removing surrounding tissue or organs.
enucleation of a tumor
A procedure that uses very small amounts of radioactive materials to examine organ function and structure.
nuclear medicine procedure
obsolete medical specialist examination
A direct assessment of a patient's condition by an immunologist that is based on a physical exam, medical history, and the patient's account of symptoms.
immunologist evaluation
obsolete examination by dermatologist
obsolete examination by emergency medicine specialst
obsolete examination by family medicine specialist
A direct assessment of a patient's condition by a neurologist that is based on a physical exam, medical history, and the patient's account of symptoms.neurologist.
obsolete examination by a neurologist
obsolete examination by ob/gyn specialist
obsolete examination by ophthalmologist
obsolete examination by otolaryngologist
obsolete examination by orthopedist
obsolete examination by pediatrician
obsolete examination by physiatrist
A test that involves the administration of intravenous contrast and X-ray imaging of the urinary tract. The iodinated contrast flows through the renal vasculature and filtered into the collecting system highlighting the anatomic structures on the X-ray image.
intravenous pyelogram
obsolete examination by psychiatrist
obsolete examination by urologist
A direct appraisal of a patient's condition by an allied health professional specialist that is based on a physical exam, medical history, and the patient's account of symptoms.
examination by allied health professional
allied health professional examination
The determination of the type and/or amount of vitamins in a sample.
vitamin measurement
Delivery of a gamma-emitting radioisotope (a radionuclide) into the patient, normally through injection into the bloodstream and detected by gamma camera The radioisotope could be is a simple soluble dissolved ion, such as an isotope of gallium(III), or a marker radioisotope is attached to a specific ligand to create a radioligand targeting a place of interest in the body.
single-photon emission computed tomography
Surgeical procedure to restore or replace physical defects of form or function. Physical defects could be a consequence of birth defects, trauma, or medical conditions.
surgical repair
Elective surgeries to improve or correct patients body imperfections or appearance. These surgeries can address imperfections due to preference, congenital, acquired, illness, or traumatic or para-physiological events such as aging.
cosmetic plastic surgery
A procedure for increasing the size of the breast using a prosthetic implant.
breast augmentation surgery
A surgical procedure to remove excess skin and fat from the abdomen.
abdominoplasty
A medically necessary surgery performed to restore function and conventional appearance of the body part. The surgery can correct deformities created by birth defects, trauma or medical conditions and is performed by a plastic surgeon.
reconstructive plastic surgery
A surgical procedure that is performed for therapeutic or cosmetic reformation of tissue.
plastic surgery
A medically necessary surgery performed to restore function and conventional appearance of lip. The surgery can correct deformities created by birth defects, trauma or medical conditions and is performed by a plastic surgeon.
A medically necessary surgery performed to restore function and conventional appearance of secondary palate. The surgery can correct deformities created by birth defects, trauma or medical conditions and is performed by a plastic surgeon.
secondary palate surgical plastic reconstruction
A medically necessary surgery performed to restore function and conventional appearance of breast. The surgery can correct deformities created by birth defects, trauma or medical conditions and is performed by a plastic surgeon.
Surgery using incisional, excisional, or use of local/regional flaps to repair burned areas.
reconstructive burn surgery
Surgical reconstruction or replacement of all or part of a malformed, diseased, degenerated, or otherwise damaged joint. NCIT:C51691
A surgery that fixes or mends knee joint.
A surgery that fixes or mends hip joint.
Surgical replacement of part or all of a damaged knee joint with an artificial joint.
knee replacement surgery
Surgical replacement of all parts of a damaged knee joint with an artificial joint.
total knee replacement surgery
The surgery to correct a torn knee ligament involves replacing the ligament with a piece of healthy tendon.
repair of knee ligament
A procedure that delivers a single, highly concentrated dose of ionizing radiation from an external source to a small, precise target using 3-D computerized imaging to focus beams. There is no incision, but this technique distorts and destroys the DNA of tumor cells in a highly directed fashion.
stereotactic radiosurgery
A type of stereotactic surgery that uses specialized equipment to focus approximately 200 beams of radiation on a tumor or other target with submillimeter accuracy.
stereotactic radiosurgery using Gamma Knife
A type of sterotactic radiosurgery using photons to treat cancerous and noncancerous abnormalities via a linear accelerator (LINAC) machine.
stereotactic radiosurgery using Linear Accelerator
External radiation therapy that is directed at a specific body part/tumor over a fractionated treatment schedule.
stereotactic radiation therapy
A method of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) that accurately delivers a high irradiation dose to an extracranial target in one or few treatment fractions
stereotactic body radiation therapy
A type of stereotactic radiosurgery that uses prroton beams.
stereotactic radiosurgery using proton beam therapy
Treatment with zinc (typically a zinc salt, like zinc acetate or zinc sulfate) with an expected therapeutic benefit.
Use of a drug that inhibits Janus kinases.
Janus kinase (JAK) Inhibitors are the latest drug class of disease-modifying medication to emerge for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). They are a small molecule-targeted treatment and are the first oral option to compare favourably to existing biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs).
Janus kinase inhibitor therapy
Treatment with a substance that inhibits GABA trasaminase.
treatment with EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor
GABA transaminase inhibitor agent therapy
Use of a swab as the collection device to obtain clinical specimens.
clinical biospecimen swab collection
Assistance provided by clinicians and public health practitioners to enhance an individual and/or their family’s self-efficacy in managing one or more conditions. This assistance can include activities such as patient education, support for lifestyle modifications, and support to help individuals develop the skills needed for effective chronic disease management.
patient health-management support and education
Services and supports provided to babies and young children with developmental delays and disabilities and their families. These may include speech therapy, physical therapy, and other types of services based on the needs of the child and family. They can have a significant impact on a child’s ability to learn new skills and overcome challenges and can increase success in school and life.
A range of targeted services and supports that are available to babies and young children with developmental delays or specific health conditions. [ NCI ]
early intervention services
An education and support system that addresses the comprehensive blend of clinical, educational, psychosocial, and behavioral aspects of care needed for daily self-management and provides the foundation to help all people with diabetes navigate their daily self-care with confidence and improved outcomes.
diabetes self-management support and education
diabetes self health-management support and education
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of gluten.
Intake may interfere with disease treatment, prolong the recovery phase, or cause complications.
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of liquid chemical food component.
avoid liquid chemical food component intake
avoiding dietary liquid chemical food component intake
liquid chemical food component consumption avoidance
liquid chemical food component restricted diet intake
liquid chemical food component restriction
dietary liquid chemical food component intake avoidance
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of protein extract, concentrate or isolate.
avoid protein extract, concentrate or isolate intake
avoiding dietary protein extract, concentrate or isolate intake
protein extract, concentrate or isolate consumption avoidance
protein extract, concentrate or isolate restricted diet intake
protein extract, concentrate or isolate restriction
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of fat or oil.
Addition of amino-acid betaine to a diet for complete nutrition support.
dietary supplementation of amino-acid betaine
Addition of folates to a diet for complete nutrition support.
Addition of carnitine to a diet for complete nutrition support.
Addition of methionine to a diet for complete nutrition support.
Addition of creatine to a diet for complete nutrition support.
Addition of arginine to a diet for complete nutrition support.
Addition of biotins to a diet for complete nutrition support.
Addition of chenodeoxycholic acid to a diet for complete nutrition support.
chenodeoxycholic acid supplemental intake
dietary supplementation of chenodeoxycholic acid
supplementation of chenodeoxycholic acid
Addition of coenzyme Q10 to a diet for complete nutrition support.
Addition of glycine to a diet for complete nutrition support.
Addition of N-acetyl-L-cysteine to a diet for complete nutrition support.
dietary supplementation of N-acetyl-L-cysteine
Addition of ornithine to a diet for complete nutrition support.
Addition of riboflavin to a diet for complete nutrition support.
Addition of vitamin B6 to a diet for complete nutrition support.
Addition of citrulline to a diet for complete nutrition support.
Addition of vitamin B1 to a diet for complete nutrition support.
Addition of amino acid to a diet for complete nutrition support.
A concentrated dietary supplement for injection containing the essential amino acids leucine, isoleucine, lysine, valine, phenylalanine, histidine, threonine, methionine and tryptophan as well as the non-essential amino acids alanine, arginine, glycine, proline, serine and tyrosine, with potential anabolic and anti-catabolic activities. Upon dilution and intravenous infusion of the amino acid nutritional supplement, the amino acids serve as protein building blocks, promote protein synthesis in muscle cells and prevent protein breakdown. NCIT:C15509
Addition of L-serine to a diet for complete nutrition support.
Addition of uridine to a diet for complete nutrition support.
Addition of medium-chain fatty acid to a diet for complete nutrition support.
dietary supplementation of medium-chain fatty acid
medium-chain fatty acid supplemental intake
supplementation of medium-chain fatty acid
Addition of essential fatty acid to a diet for complete nutrition support.
dietary supplementation of essential fatty acid
essential fatty acid supplemental intake
Addition of cholesterol to a diet for complete nutrition support.
Addition of elemental zinc to a diet for complete nutrition support.
dietary supplementation of elemental zinc
Addition of zinc to a the diet for complete nutrition support.
Addition of hydroxocobalamin to a diet for complete nutrition support.
dietary supplementation of hydroxocobalamin
Addition of cyanocob(III)alamin to a diet for complete nutrition support.
dietary supplementation of cyanocob(III)alamin
Addition of methylcobalamin to a diet for complete nutrition support.
dietary supplementation of methylcobalamin
The surgical transfer of some or all of a(n) bone marrow from a donor to a patient.
The surgical transfer of some or all of a(n) bone tissue from a donor to a patient.
The surgical transfer of a whole heart from a donor to a patient.
The surgical transfer of some or all of a(n) umbilical cord blood from a donor to a patient.
The surgical transfer of a whole cornea from a donor to a patient.
The surgical transfer of some or all of a(n) dura mater from a donor to a patient.
The surgical transfer of some or all of a(n) intestine from a donor to a patient.
The surgical transfer of some or all of a(n) small intestine from a donor to a patient.
The surgical transfer of a whole lung from a donor to a patient.
whole lung transplantation surgical procedure
The transfer of an organ, or organ subpart, from one body to another.
The surgical transfer of a whole ovary from a donor to a patient.
The surgical transfer of some or all of a(n) zone of skin from a donor to a patient.
The surgical transfer of a whole thymus from a donor to a patient.
The surgical transfer of a whole kidney from a donor to a patient.
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of alcoholic beverage.
alcoholic beverage consumption avoidance
alcoholic beverage restricted diet intake
avoiding dietary alcoholic beverage intake
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of broad bean.
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of mammalian meat food product.
avoid mammalian meat food product intake
avoiding dietary mammalian meat food product intake
mammalian meat food product consumption avoidance
mammalian meat food product restricted diet intake
dietary mammalian meat food product intake avoidance
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of nut food product.
avoiding dietary nut food product intake
dietary nut food product intake avoidance
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of saffron food product.
avoiding dietary saffron food product intake
saffron food product consumption avoidance
saffron food product restricted diet intake
dietary saffron food product intake avoidance
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of animal seafood product.
animal seafood product consumption avoidance
animal seafood product restricted diet intake
avoiding dietary animal seafood product intake
dietary animal seafood product intake avoidance
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of mussel food product.
avoiding dietary mussel food product intake
mussel food product consumption avoidance
mussel food product restricted diet intake
dietary mussel food product intake avoidance
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of clove food product.
avoiding dietary clove food product intake
clove food product consumption avoidance
clove food product restricted diet intake
dietary clove food product intake avoidance
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of dark chocolate.
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of pumpkin seed (shell off).
avoiding dietary pumpkin seed (shell off) intake
pumpkin seed (shell off) consumption avoidance
pumpkin seed (shell off) restricted diet intake
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of sesame seed.
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of sunflower seed (whole kernel, raw).
avoid sunflower seed (whole kernel, raw) intake
avoiding dietary sunflower seed (whole kernel, raw) intake
sunflower seed (whole kernel, raw) consumption avoidance
sunflower seed (whole kernel, raw) restricted diet intake
sunflower seed (whole kernel, raw) restriction
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of liver (raw).
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of egg or egg component.
avoiding dietary egg or egg component intake
egg or egg component consumption avoidance
egg or egg component restricted diet intake
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of kidney (raw).
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of peas (rehydrated, canned).
avoiding dietary peas (rehydrated, canned) intake
peas (rehydrated, canned) consumption avoidance
peas (rehydrated, canned) restricted diet intake
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of bean food product.
avoiding dietary bean food product intake
bean food product restricted diet intake
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of peanut.
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of soybean refined food product.
avoid soybean refined food product intake
avoiding dietary soybean refined food product intake
soybean refined food product consumption avoidance
soybean refined food product restricted diet intake
soybean refined food product restriction
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of 010 brassica (cole or cabbage) vegetables, head cabbage, flowerhead brassicas (vb) (ccpr).
010 brassica (cole or cabbage) vegetables, head cabbage, flowerhead brassicas (vb) (ccpr) consumption avoidance
010 brassica (cole or cabbage) vegetables, head cabbage, flowerhead brassicas (vb) (ccpr) restricted diet intake
010 brassica (cole or cabbage) vegetables, head cabbage, flowerhead brassicas (vb) (ccpr) restriction
avoid 010 brassica (cole or cabbage) vegetables, head cabbage, flowerhead brassicas (vb) (ccpr) intake
avoiding dietary 010 brassica (cole or cabbage) vegetables, head cabbage, flowerhead brassicas (vb) (ccpr) intake
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of brussels sprout food product.
avoid brussels sprout food product intake
avoiding dietary brussels sprout food product intake
brussels sprout food product consumption avoidance
brussels sprout food product restricted diet intake
brussels sprout food product restriction
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of broccoli food product.
avoiding dietary broccoli food product intake
broccoli food product consumption avoidance
broccoli food product restricted diet intake
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of cabbage head food product.
avoiding dietary cabbage head food product intake
cabbage head food product consumption avoidance
cabbage head food product restricted diet intake
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of cauliflower food product.
avoiding dietary cauliflower food product intake
cauliflower food product consumption avoidance
cauliflower food product restricted diet intake
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of rapeseed food product.
avoiding dietary rapeseed food product intake
rapeseed food product consumption avoidance
rapeseed food product restricted diet intake
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of rapeseed oil.
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of rapeseed meal.
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of cephalopod.
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of crustacean.
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of barley malt beer beverage.
avoiding dietary barley malt beer beverage intake
barley malt beer beverage consumption avoidance
barley malt beer beverage restricted diet intake
dietary barley malt beer beverage intake avoidance
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of corn syrup (high fructose).
avoiding dietary corn syrup (high fructose) intake
corn syrup (high fructose) consumption avoidance
corn syrup (high fructose) restricted diet intake
dietary corn syrup (high fructose) intake avoidance
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of sorbitol syrup.
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of human milk based food product.
avoid human milk based food product intake
avoiding dietary human milk based food product intake
human milk based food product consumption avoidance
human milk based food product restricted diet intake
human milk based food product restriction
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of cow milk based food product.
avoid cow milk based food product intake
avoiding dietary cow milk based food product intake
cow milk based food product consumption avoidance
cow milk based food product restricted diet intake
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of fruit (raw).
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of chicken egg (shell off, raw).
avoid chicken egg (shell off, raw) intake
avoiding dietary chicken egg (shell off, raw) intake
chicken egg (shell off, raw) consumption avoidance
chicken egg (shell off, raw) restricted diet intake
chicken egg (shell off, raw) restriction
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of fruit juice food product.
avoiding dietary fruit juice food product intake
fruit juice food product consumption avoidance
fruit juice food product restricted diet intake
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of sugar cane juice (pure).
avoiding dietary sugar cane juice (pure) intake
sugar cane juice (pure) consumption avoidance
sugar cane juice (pure) restricted diet intake
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of animal organ by physiological system.
animal organ by physiological system consumption avoidance
animal organ by physiological system restricted diet intake
animal organ by physiological system restriction
avoid animal organ by physiological system intake
avoiding dietary animal organ by physiological system intake
dietary animal organ by physiological system intake avoidance
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of isoleucine.
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of arginine.
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of lysine.
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of methionine.
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of glycine.
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of phenylalanine.
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of tyrosine.
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of sodium atom.
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of galactose.
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of cholesterol.
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of iron atom.
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of ascorbic acid.
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of branched-chain amino acid.
avoid branched chain amino acids ingestion
avoiding dietary branched-chain amino acid intake
branched chain amino acid intake avoidance
branched-chain amino acid consumption avoidance
branched-chain amino acid restricted diet intake
dietary branched-chain amino acid intake avoidance
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of trimethylamine.
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of choline.
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of trimethylamine N-oxide.
avoiding dietary trimethylamine N-oxide intake
trimethylamine N-oxide consumption avoidance
trimethylamine N-oxide restricted diet intake
dietary trimethylamine N-oxide intake avoidance
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of lecithin.
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of sterol.
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of purine.
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of fructose.
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of lactose.
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of leucine.
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of oxalate.
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of phosphate.
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of saturated fatty acid.
avoiding dietary saturated fatty acid intake
saturated fatty acid consumption avoidance
saturated fatty acid restricted diet intake
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of calcium atom.
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of sucrose.
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of triglyceride.
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of riboflavin.
A medical requirement or recommendation of avoiding the consumption of phytanic acid.
Use of agent or drug to regulate reproduction.
treatment with reproductive control drug
The use of an agent or drug to interupt pregnancy after implantation.
Use of drug or agent to suppress uterine contractions thereby suppressing premature labor and birth.
Use of a drug or agent to prevent or reduce probability of contraception.
Use of drug or agent with contraceptive activity in females.
treatment with female contraceptive drug
Use of a compound or agent to block ovulation and prevent occurance of pregnancy.
The use of these drugs or agents have many other uses beyond pregnancy control.
Collection biological material from within the tongue with a cotton swab for use in clinical tests.
A method of ultrasound imaging in which the ultrasound probe is pressed against the skin of the abdomen in order to create an image of the abdominal organs.
The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the body of uterus.
body of uterus ultrasound imaging procedure
The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the breast.
The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the heart.
The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the liver.
The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the lung.
The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the lymph node.
The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the musculoskeletal system.
musculoskeletal system diagnostic sonography
musculoskeletal system medical ultrasound
musculoskeletal system ultrasound examination
musculoskeletal system ultrasound imaging procedure
musculoskeletal system ultrasound procedure
ultrasonography of musculoskeletal system
The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the neck.
The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the pancreas.
The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the rectum.
The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the scrotum.
The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the spleen.
The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the stomach.
The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the thyroid gland.
thyroid gland ultrasound imaging procedure
The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the urinary bladder.
urinary bladder ultrasound imaging procedure
The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the vagina.
The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the kidney.
The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the carotid artery segment.
carotid artery segment diagnostic sonography
carotid artery segment medical ultrasound
carotid artery segment ultrasound examination
carotid artery segment ultrasound imaging procedure
carotid artery segment ultrasound procedure
ultrasonography of carotid artery segment
The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the pelvic region of trunk.
pelvic region of trunk diagnostic sonography
pelvic region of trunk medical ultrasound
pelvic region of trunk ultrasound examination
pelvic region of trunk ultrasound imaging procedure
pelvic region of trunk ultrasound procedure
ultrasonography of pelvic region of trunk
The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the prostate gland.
prostate gland ultrasound imaging procedure
The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the brain.
Collection biological material from within the rectum with a cotton swab for use in clinical tests.
Collection biological material from within the vagina with a cotton swab for use in clinical tests.
Collection biological material from within the buccal mucosa with a cotton swab for use in clinical tests.
Collection biological material from within the nasal turbinal with a cotton swab for use in clinical tests.
Collection biological material from within the nasopharynx with a cotton swab for use in clinical tests.
Collection biological material from within the zone of skin with a cotton swab for use in clinical tests.
Collection biological material from within the oropharynx with a cotton swab for use in clinical tests.
Collection biological material from within the external naris with a cotton swab for use in clinical tests.
Collection biological material from within the throat with a cotton swab for use in clinical tests.
The use of computed tomography to produce images of structures of the abdomen.
The use of computed tomography to produce images of structures of the head.
The use of computed tomography to produce images of structures of the liver.
The use of computed tomography to produce images of structures of the lung.
The use of computed tomography to produce images of structures of the neck.
The use of computed tomography to produce images of structures of the brain.
The use of computed tomography to produce images of structures of the chest.
The use of computed tomography to produce images of structures of the skull.
The use of computed tomography to produce images of structures of the blood vasculature.
blood vasculature computerized axial tomography
The use of computed tomography to produce images of structures of the pulmonary vascular system.
pulmonary vascular system CT examination
pulmonary vascular system computed tomography
pulmonary vascular system computerized axial tomography
Avoid the administration or use of computed tomography procedure.
Avoid the administration or use of ketogenic diet intake.
Use of an imaging test that uses small amounts of radiation to produce pictures of abdomen.
Use of an imaging test that uses small amounts of radiation to produce pictures of head.
Use of an imaging test that uses small amounts of radiation to produce pictures of liver.
Use of an imaging test that uses small amounts of radiation to produce pictures of lung.
Use of an imaging test that uses small amounts of radiation to produce pictures of neck.
Use of an imaging test that uses small amounts of radiation to produce pictures of chest.
The X-ray examination of the lower limbs of the body.
obsolete pulmonary angiography procedure
The radiographic examination of the tracheobronchial tree following the injection of a radiopaque material.
tracheobronchial tree radiogram procedure
The radiographic examination of the bile ducts after a contrast medium has been injected.
A radiographic procedure to obtain an image of the urinary bladder by filling the bladder with contrast medium.
A type of radiography used specifically to examine breast tissue. The procedure utilizes a low-dose of x-rays or radiation to generate an image. A mammography exam or mammogram, is used as a screening tool to detect early breast cancer in women experiencing no symptoms and to detect and diagnose breast disease.
The radiographic examination of the spinal cord and nerve roots following the injection of a contrast medium into the spinal subarachnoid space. The X-rays taken may highlight conditions such as spinal tumors, spinal cord swelling and herniated discs.
A radiologic test that involves the examination of the entire body in a single procedure.
total body radiography procedure
A radiographic examination of the vagina using the intravaginal injection of contrast medium.
Intravenous infusion with coagulation factor VIII.
Deficiency of the coagulation cofactor factor VIII (FVIII) leads to the X‐chromosomal inherited bleeding disorder hemophilia A. Current therapy for hemophilia is based on the infusion of clotting factor concentrates either at the time of bleeding (on demand therapy) or in a prophylactic schedule to prevent bleeding episodes.
coagulation factor VIII replacement therapy
Intravenous infusion with coagulation factor IX.
Deficiency of the coagulation cofactor factor IX (FIX) leads to the X‐chromosomal inherited bleeding disorder hemophilia B. Current therapy for hemophilia is based on the infusion of clotting factor concentrates either at the time of bleeding (on demand therapy) or in a prophylactic schedule to prevent bleeding episodes.
coagulation factor IX replacement therapy
Intravenous infusion with von Willibrand factor.
von Willebrand factor replacement therapy
A quantitative measurement of protein present in a cerebrospinal fluid sample.
Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) is performed using a C-arm with the x-ray source below the supine patient emitting photons at 2 distinct energy levels specific for soft tissue and cortical bone. A collimator is situated between the patient and the x-ray source to minimize scatter. The attenuations from these low- and high-energy photon emissions are detected above the patient and are combined to create a planar image to assess bone mass per unit of area (g/square cm) to determine bone mineral density (BMD). DEXA may be indicated as a tool to measure regional and whole-body fat and lean mass, such as in patients with malabsorption, cancer, or eating disorders.
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry procedure
A diagnostic test in which radiopharmaceuticals are taken internally and the emitted gamma radiation is captured by gamma cameras.
In vitro, freshly excised airway epithelial tissues can be studied in Ussing chambers, and when the transepithelial electric potential difference (PD) is clamped to zero (short-circuited), basal patterns of ion transport can be directly determined by isotopic measurements of the transepithelial flux of specific electrolytes, including Na+ and Cl- ions. Thus, there are defined correlates of ion flux and bioelectric parameters of active ion transport and tissue (barrier) resistance. Because the PD generated by the airway epithelium reflects the relationship between the magnitude and direction of the net transepithelial active ion transport and the epithelial ion conductance, the transepithelial PD (voltage) serves as an index of ion transport and ionic conductances (permeability). Individuals with cystic fibrosis have a characteristic pattern of bioelectric properties which reflect accelerated Na+ transport (absorption), and (absent) or reduced Cl- secretion.
Transepithelial nasal potential difference measurement
A diagnostic test that measures the compliance (mobility) of the tympanic membrane and middle ear system by varying air pressure in the ear canal. Tympanometry provides useful quantitative information about the presence of fluid in the middle ear, mobility of the middle ear system, and ear canal volume. Its use has been recommended in conjunction with more qualitative information (e.g., history, appearance, and mobility of the tympanic membrane) in the evaluation of otitis media with effusion and to a lesser extent in acute otitis media. It also can provide useful information about the patency of tympanostomy tubes.
The tilt test is commonly used for evaluation of orthostatic syndromes and dysautonomia. Tilt test evaluates autonomic system responses to orthostatic stress induced by having the patient lie flat on a special table that creates a change in posture from lying to standing while the patient is being monitored with ECG and a blood pressure monitor that measure continuous, beat to beat, non-invasively. Established tilt testing includes monitoring of heart rate and blood pressure; adding capnography and cerebral blood flow monitoring expands its diagnostic yield and allows assessing cerebral blood flow regulation.
The forearm ischemic exercise test (FIET) is a very important clinical tool for evaluation of patients suspected to have a metabolic disorder of muscle function. Failure to elevate lactate in blood washed out from ischemically exercised muscles confirms an abnormality of glycolytic metabolism. A normal increase of lactate on FIET is assumed to rule out a disorder of glycolytic metabolism. To perform the test, a blood pressure cuff is inflated on the arm to induce ischemia while the patient repeatedly contracts the forearm muscles for several minutes. Blood samples are drawn at baseline and at several time points after exercise.
The autonomic nervous system is the part of the nervous system that is responsible for regulation and integration of internal organs’ functioning. Most of the tests are based on evaluation of the cardiovascular reflexes triggered by performing specific provocative manoeuvres. Stimuli that raise blood pressure, such as isometric exercise, cold pressor test or mental arithmetic, activate mainly sympathetic outflow. Moreover, blood pressure responses to orthostatic testing and Valsalva manoeuvre are in a large part a reflection of sympathetic activity. Changes in heart rate during orthostatic testing and Valsalva manoeuvre, as well as during deep breathing or diving reflex, reflect parasympathetic modulation.
autonomic nervous system function evaluation
Noninvasive quantitative measurements of the body. The core elements of anthropometry are height, weight, head circumference, body mass index (BMI), body circumferences to assess for adiposity (waist, hip, and limbs), and skinfold thickness.
A diagnostic test that measures how well platelets clump (aggregate) in response to a stimulaus. Light transmittance platelet aggregometry (LTA) in platelet‐rich plasma measures changes in light transmission as platelets aggregate. Impedance aggregometry measures changes in electrical impedance as platelets aggregate.
A quantitative measurement of metabolites present in the cytoplasm of erythrocytes.
A type of scintigraphy and medical isotopes to evaluate the circulation of air and blood within a patient's lungs, in order to determine the ventilation/perfusion ratio.
Measurement of absorption of light energy (a photon) by an indicator followed by the emission of some of this light energy (as another photon) a few nanoseconds later.
Determination of the osmolality in the circulation. Serum osmolality reflects the concentration of solutes (like sodium, glucose, urea) in the blood and is an important marker of body fluid balance.
A laboratory test that measures the ability of immune cells (e.g., cytotoxic T cell or natural killer cells) to kill target cells.
A type of MRI of the cervical spine designed to assess cervial myelopathy. Static views are taken with the neck in the neutral position and the mandible nearly perpendicular to the horizontal plane. To obtain the flexion/extension views, patients are instructed to perform the maximally tolerated flexion and extension actions of the neck in a non–weight-bearing position with supporting sponges placed under the head and shoulders.
A diagnostic procedure whereby histamine is injected into a local of the skin. This causes wheal and flare when they are injected intradermally into normal subjects and may therefore play a role in the formation of urticaria.
This response may be absent in individuals with certin types of hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy.
A measurement of how well the small intestine absorbs D-xylose by analyzing the amount excreted in the urine after ingestion.
The standard 25-g D-xylose test in adults, based on analysis of 5-h urine collection and a 1-h serum sample, discriminates between normal subjects and patients with proximal small intestinal malabsorption.
A measurement of the activity levels of the different complexes of the mitochondrial electron transport chain.
mitochondrial complex activity assessment
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is based on the local or systemic application of a photosensitive compound, a photosensitizer. The pheotosensitizer is activated by light and accumulates in pathological tissues. The photosensitizer molecules absorb the light of the appropriate wavelength, initiating the activation processes leading to the selective destruction of the inappropriate cells. The photocytotoxic reactions occur only within the pathological tissues, in the area of photosensitizer distribution, enabling selective destruction.
Any procedure associated with treatments involving the heart or blood vessels.
A procedure that blocks the blood supply to a specific area, often a tumor or abnormal tissue, by intentionally obstructing an artery. Small particles made of tiny gelatin sponges or similar material are injected into a catheter, leading to blocakge of the artery or abnormal area of tissue.
Arterial embolization is used to treat some types of liver cancer, kidney cancer, and neuroendocrine tumors. It may also be used to treat uterine fibroids, aneurysms, and other conditions. Also called TAE and transarterial embolization.
A type of therapy used in metabolic diseases characterized by reduced activity of a metabolic enzyme. Substrate reduction therapy (SRT) aims to reduce the amount of substrate influx to that enyzme.
An example is Gaucher disease, in which SRT aims to reduce the influx of glucocerebroside or glucosylceramide (GLC) influx into the lysosome by inhibiting the GLC-synthase enzyme, resulting in a reduction of the amount of GLC present. This is in contrast to enzyme replacement therapy, which works by supplementing the deficient or defective acid beta glucosidase to break down GLC into glucose and ceramide, which accumulates in macrophages in the absence of acid beta glucosidase.PMID:27559188
A type of antisense oligonucleotide therapy that is administered in the cerebrospinal fluid (i.e., intrathecally).
intrathecal antisense oligonucleotide inhibitor therapy
A medical procedure consisting of the deliberate lowering of a patient's body temperature for purposes such as protecting vital organs or reducing brain damage.
Therapeutic hypothermia is used in clinical situations including refractory status epilepticus.PMID:32330677
Measurement of the activity of amount of an enzyme within the blood circulation.
The determination of the amount of antibody directed against a specific target in the blood circulation. The sample is serially diluted, and the highest dilution at which a positive result is obtained is recorded as the titer (e.g., 1:40).
A diagnostic procedure using computed tomography (CT) in which a radiocontrast is administered in order to increase the contrast between a lesion and the normal surrounding structures.
contrast-enhanced computed tomography procedure
A diagnostic procedure used to measure the electrical activity of the nervous system either spontaneously or in response to stimuli.
A type of neurophysiological assessment that measures the electrical responses of the nervous system to sensory stimuli.
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) utilizes clinical MR scanners to noninvasively quantify in vivo brain biochemical metabolites, including N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), creatine (Cr), choline (Cho), glutamate and glutamine (Glx), and myo-inositol (mI).
A type of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) procedure in which gadolinium or other contrast agent to improve the clarity and detail of MRI images.
This term can be combined with organ-specific MRI terms.
contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging procedure
A laboratory test in which cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is inoculated into culture media to assess whether infection-causing microorganisms (bacteria or fungi) are present.
A quantitative measurement of ion concentration in a cerebrospinal fluid sample.
A medical examination performed using of magnetic resonance imaging to image the cervicomedullary junction, i.e., the region that spans the lower brainstem and upper cervical spinal cord.
The lower urinary tract (LUT) consists of the bladder and urethra and allows for the low-pressure storage of urine with conscious control of micturition. Urodynamics is the measurement of the relevant physiological parameters of the LUT to assess its function and dysfunction. The test involves noninvasive evaluation of bladder emptying, and invasive assessments of bladder storage function and bladder emptying function.
The investigation of synovial fluid, the collection of fluid confined within a joint space. Synovial fluid is physiologic, and acts as a joint space lubricant of articular cartilage, and nutrient source through diffusion for surrounding structures including cartilage, meniscus, labrum, etc. Arthrocentesis is the process by which synovial fluid collection occurs by penetrating the joint space through aspiration.
Panoramic radiography is an extraoral radiography modality that provides two-dimensional information about the teeth and the maxillofacial skeleton.
Measurement of characterisitc of the umbilical artery flow such as end-diastolic umbilical artery flow and umbilical artery pulsatility index (PI) by fetal Doppler ultrasound.
Elevated PI may indicate increased resistance in placental circulation with the risk of reduced oxygen and nutrient delivery to the fetus.
umbilical artery doppler sonography assessment
Any surgical procedure conducted on the cardiovascular system.
cardiovascular system surgical procedure
surgical procedure on cardiovascular system
Any surgical procedure conducted on the nasolacrimal duct.
A surgical procedure to correct strabismus in the eye.
The ketogenic diet is a high-fat, low-carbohydrate, adequate-protein diet that mimics a fasting state, resulting in the substitution of ketone bodies as a source of energy. The ketogenic diet can be used to reduce recurrent epileptic seizures in individuals with intractable epilepsy. Intractable epilepsy is defined as epilepsy that failed to respond to three or more antiepileptic drugs.
medium-chain triglyceride(s) (MCT) ketogenic diet intake
ketogenic diet intake
Texture-modified foods and thickened drinks used to reduce the risks of choking and aspiration for individuals with oropharyngeal incoordination or dysphagia.
thickness modification of food and fluid for ingestion
texture modified diet intake
obsolete phenylalanine restricted diet intake
Supplementation of uncooked cornstarch intended to prevent hepatomegaly and hypoglycemia, typically for individuals with irregular hepatic glycogen storage. Supplementation can include both regular cornstarch and extended release cornstarch.
uncooked cornstarch supplementation
Use of an imaging test that uses small amounts of radiation to produce pictures of manus.
A procedure whre the radiographic film or sensor is placed inside the mouth and uses small amounts of radiation to produce pictures of teeth and other oral structures.
intraoral radiography
A technique to visualize the blood vessels in the back of the eye by injecting fluorescent dye and then imaging it.
fluorescein angiography
A visualization of the fundus of the eye including the retina and optic nerve with a fundoscope, a device that projects light through the pupil of the eye and visualizes the fundus with magnification.
fundoscopy
A quantitative measurement of a particular hormone present in a blood sample.
Use of an imaging test that uses small amounts of radiation to produce pictures of pes.
Analysis of a cerebrospinal fluid sample.
Use of an imaging test that uses small amounts of radiation to produce pictures of shoulder.
Measurement of the functionality of an enzyme.
A test that measures all areas of your eyesight including peripheral vision.
A medical examination performed using of magnetic resonance imaging to image the spinal cord.
Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the spinal cord
A test to determine the smallest letters a patient can clearly see.
Microscopic examination of the hair (also called hair microscopy) is an inexpensive tool that may aid in the diagnosis of systemic disorders as the appearance, structure, and/or growth of hair are modified in various congenital and acquired diseases. (PMID:34843009)
Measurement of the functionality of an enzyme derived from leukocytes.
Measurement of the functionality of an enzyme derived from erythrocytes.
Measurement of the functionality of an enzyme derived from a particular tissue
A test that measures the ability of the blood to bind iron.
A quantitative measurement of metabolites present in a particular tissue.
A type of CT where the image resolution is enhanced to look at lung disease.
high-resolution pulmonary computed tomography
A test that measures DNA damage/breakage in patient cells. DNA damage repair plays an important role in cancer initiation and progression, and in therapeutic resistance.
A quantitative measurement of immunoglobulins present in a blood sample.
A test that measures the amount of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH in the blood of the umbilical cord.
blood gas assessment in umbilical cord blood
This test is used to measure the amount of L-Selectin (CD62L) shed from the surface of neutrophils before and after stimulation of the TLR pathway. The test can help identify patients with defects in their toll-like receptor signalling pathway and can be used to diagnose IRAK-4, MyD88 and UNC93B deficiency. (NHS)
A quantitative measurement of metabolites present in a cerebrospinal fluid sample.
cerebrospinal fluid metabolite measurement
The time an indigestible, non-absorbable markers takes to be excreted.
A quantitative measurement of xenobiotics (a chemical foreign to the body) present in a stool sample.
A quantitative measurement of xenobiotics (a chemical foreign to the body) present in gastric fluid.
A quantitative measurement of xenobiotics (a chemical foreign to the body) present in a hair sample.
A medical examination performed using of magnetic resonance imaging to image the bony pelvis.
Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the bony pelvis
Use of an imaging test that uses small amounts of radiation to produce pictures of lymphatic part of lymphoid system.
lymphatic part of lymphoid system X-ray procedure
lymphatic part of lymphoid system radiogram procedure
radiograph of lymphatic part of lymphoid system
radiography of lymphatic part of lymphoid system
A laboratory test in which blood, taken from the patient, is inoculated into bottles containing culture media to determine whether infection-causing microorganisms (bacteria or fungi) are present in the patient's bloodstream.
Inspection of stomach using an endoscope.
An x-ray of blood vessels after a contrast dye is added intraveniously.
contrast angiography procedure
Is an imaging procedure often using a specific contrast dye for evaluation of pelvic floor, anorectal muscle contractions and relaxation (sphincters), and certain structural abnormalities.
defecography
A procedure where fluid is removed from the abdomen using a needle.
A comprehensive set of tests designed to assess all aspects of a child's development, including cognition, language, motor, and social skills.
Inspection of duodenum using an endoscope.
Use of an imaging test that uses small amounts of radiation to produce pictures of forelimb.
The use of computed tomography to produce images of structures of the heart.
A motility study to assess motor function of the upper esophageal sphincter, esophageal body and lower esophageal sphincter.
A quantitative measurement of metabolites present in a stool sample.
A radiographic examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract in which the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum are made visible by barium or a water-soluble contrast administered orally prior to the examination.
contrast examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract
upper GI radiography with contrast
A combined endoscopic and fluoroscopic procedure in which an upper endoscope is led into a second part of the duodenum, making it possible for passage of other tools via the major duodenal papilla into the biliary and pancreatic ducts. Contrast material may be injected in these ducts, allowing for radiologic visualization and therapeutic interventions when indicated.
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Use of an imaging test that uses small amounts of radiation to produce pictures of vertebral column.
A medical examination performed using of magnetic resonance imaging to image the muscle organ.
Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the muscle organ
Use of an imaging test that uses small amounts of radiation to produce pictures of hip.
The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the ovary.
Assessment of the degree or kind of protein glycosylation (covalent attachment of a carbohydrate moiety to a protein).
A technique for counting, examining and sorting microscopic particles suspended in a stream of fluid. NCIT:C16585
Reproductive endocrinology and infertility is a surgical subspecialty of obstetrics and gynecology that trains physicians in reproductive medicine addressing hormonal functioning as it pertains to reproduction as well as the issue of infertility.
A quantitative measurement of a particular hormone present in a sample.
A test to determine the electrical conduction of the motor and sensory nerves of the human body.
The time taken for neural impulses to travel through the central nervous system on their way to the target muscles. PMID: 24112910
The use of computed tomography to produce images of structures of the bony pelvis.
bony pelvis computerized axial tomography
A quantitative measurement of a particular hormone present in a sample of urine.
A technique that combines EEG and EMG to assess myoclonus; it use electromyography (EMG) electrodes for the arms or legs, and correlates averaged EEG responses with EMG bursts used as a trigger. PMID: 1464676
The transmission electron microscope (TEM) is a diagnostic tool to screen human tissues at high magnification to visualize the ultrastructural level.
A procedure where a dental professional who was not previously involved in a patient's treatment, reviews a patient's medical history, examines the patient, and makes recommendations as to care and treatment.
Measurement of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs), which reflect the electrical activity of the brain that results from the stimulation of touch. SEP monitoring may be employed intraoperatively to identify, and ideally, avoid impending permanent damage to neurologic structures. PMID: 31335078
somatosensory evoked potential assessment
In the perchlorate discharge test, first radioactive iodine is administered, sufficient time is allowed to pass so that the radioactive iodine is captured by the thyroid, and then, perchlorate is administered orally. The perchlorate displaces non-organified iodide from the thyroid. The perchlorate discharge test is considered positive (abnormal) if there is an abnormally rapid loss of radioactive iodine from the thyroid.
An assay of the physiology of natural killer (NK) cells.
Dysmorphology refers to the study of human congenital malformations and syndromes. A dysmorphology evaluation includes an assessment of facial features and also features of the entire body especially with respect to manifestations of hereditary (Mendelian) disease).
The determination of the amount of reactive oxygen species present in the sample.
A determination of the structure of leukocyte.
A determination of the structure of megakaryocyte.
Use of an imaging test that uses small amounts of radiation to produce pictures of ankle joint.
Quantification of sperm cell characteristics, including morphology, motility, and number.
A complement test is a blood test that measures the activity of one or more proteins that make up the complement system in blood circulation.
The test measures the T cell responses to antigens of common infections as well as to mitogens, allowing detection of deficiencies in this arm of the immune response.
A complete evaluation of the respiratory system including patient history, physical examinations, and tests of pulmonary function. The primary purpose of pulmonary function testing is to identify the severity of pulmonary impairment.
Examination by a doctor who specializes in the care of newborn babies.
A test to determine if cells are undergoing programmed cell death.
A contrast-enhanced radiographic study commonly used to assess structural characteristics of the entire esophagus.
barium swallow radiograph procedure
Computed tomography (CT) examination of the kidneys, ureters and bladder following administration of intravenous contrast material.
Determination of serum uric acid following the administration of an oral bolus of fructose to assess the ability of an individual to digest fructose.
Use of an imaging test that uses small amounts of radiation to produce pictures of cervical region of vertebral column.
cervical region of vertebral column X-ray procedure
cervical region of vertebral column radiogram procedure
radiograph of cervical region of vertebral column
radiography of cervical region of vertebral column
The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the artery.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from the peripheral nerve for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
ganglion of peripheral nervous system biopsy
A procedure that uses radio waves and a powerful magnet linked to a computer to create detailed pictures of the blood vessels and blood flow inside the body. A dye may be injected into a vein to make the blood vessels and blood flow easier to see. (NCI)
magnetic resonance angiography procedure
Inspection of nasal vestibule using an endoscope.
An imaging procedure in which a radioactive tracer is injected intravenously. The tracer is taken up by bile producing cells and subsequently travels with the bile into the gallbladder and through the bile ducts to the small intestine. THe hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid (HIDA) scan can be used to visualize the liver, gallbladder and bile ducts.
Electromyography (EMG) is a diagnostic procedure that evaluates the muscle response to electrical impulses from the nerves that control them, called motor neurons. The test is used to help detect neuromuscular abnormalities. It is usually performed after a nerve conduction study.
A kind of renal function test that assesses the proportion of electrolytes that are retained (or excreted) by the kidney (primarily the renal tubule).
A measurement of the speed at which red blood cells in anticoagulated whole blood descend in a standardized tube in one hour. Increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate is a nonspecific sign of inflammation.
erythrocyte sedimentation rate measurement
An assessment of how well platelets aggregate (clump together) in the process of blood clotting.
Radiographic examination of veins following injection of contrast material.
venography procedure
The hydrogen breath test is a noninvasive procedure to diagnose dietary intolerance (e.g., lactose or galactose intolerance) and related conditions by measuring the amount of hydrogen exhaled in the breath following ingestion of the relevant sugar.
An evaluation of the visual pathway of the nervous system by means of analysis of electrical waves measured by electrodes that are applied to the head.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from artery for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
The electroretinogram (ERG) is a diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity of the retina in response to a light stimulus.
A test that applied electric or magnetic stimulation to the neck to measure the response of the phrenic nerve.
The water deprivation test, also known as the indirect water deprivation test should potentially be able to distinguish the various forms of DI. Deprivation of water intake should allow patients with primary polydipsia to concentrate their urine while those with central or nephrogenic DI continue to excrete dilute urine. Administration of desmopressin (Deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin), the synthetic analog of AVP, after water deprivation should help with differentiating patients with central DI from those with nephrogenic DI as the former should be able to concentrate the urine once the deficient action of AVP is replaced with desmopressin, while the latter should not show a significant response due to end-organ resistance to the action of AVP or its analogs. PMID:30779536
A vision test that determines the presence of myopia, hyperopia, or astigmatism.
A neurophysiological examination that monitors the corticospinal tract beginning with a stimulus at the motor cortex, which travels along the corticospinal tract of the spinal cord to the nerve root, and then the peripheral nerve before terminating in a muscle belly. PMID:35593855
A determination of the amount of protein present in blood
A procedure that removes peritoneal fluid from the abdomen (peritoneal cavity) through a needle or catheter to obtain ascitic fluid for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.
Removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from carotid artery segment for the purpose of detecting or characterizing disease.
A quantitative measurement of the amount of an electrolyte present in sweat.
An assay to assess the presence of immune complexes in the blood circulation.
A medical test that evaluates the ability to taste. The tests are either chemical or electrical in nature. Chemical testing uses the natural stimuli and chemical tastants (sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami) to assess taste, whereas electrical testing adopts electrical currents applied directly to the surface of the tongue. Other investigations are employed in the assessment of gustatory dysfunction, such as certain imaging techniques, though these are not as useful in quantifying taste disorders. PMID:33620811
A type of electron microscopy in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a thin section in order to visualize the internal structures of platelets.
platelet transmission electron microscopy
Measurement of peripheral blood lymphocyte response following stimulation to assess the degree of functionality of the cell-mediated immune response. A variety of tests exist to measure intracellular ATP levels, proliferation, and other functional responses.
A type of cerebral magnetic resonance (MR) imaging that measures random Brownian motion of water molecules within each voxel of imaged brain tissue.
A type of cardiac test in which the patient walks on a treadmill or rides a stationary bike, while cardiovascular parameters such as heart rhythm, blood pressure and breathing are measured.
A procedure in which a catheter (thin hollow tube) is threaded into the heart via a large blood vessel, generally with contrast dye being injected through the catheter to visualize the heart chambers and coronary arteries.
A form of Doppler ultrasound examination that examines blood vessels and blood flow.
duplex ultrasound with color flow imaging
Investigation of heart sounds with a stethoscope.
An electrophysiologic test that measures the existing resting electrical potential between the cornea and Bruch's membrane. The most common use of the electrooculogram is to confirm disease.
Test for viral infection based on cytopathic effect and/or antibody staining.