Aaron Zhang Leigh Carmody Peter Robinson An ontology to represent medically relevant actions, procedures, therapies, interventions, and recommendations. Medical Action Ontology http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_8000001 2020-01-28T19:01:13Z avoided behavior 2019-06-12T14:23:27Z avoided medical action A clinically prescribed procedure, therapy, intervention, or recommendation. 2018-11-16T20:07:28Z OGMS:0000096 health care process medical action health care process OGMS:0000096 All manners of treatment, be they pharmaceuticals, invasive procedures, etc. to relieve illness and injury in attempts to bring the body back to its normal state. 2018-11-16T20:08:29Z medical procedure NCIT:C25218 NCIT:C49236 OAE:0000094 OGMS:0000112 SIO:001024 clinical procedure treatment An action or administration of therapeutic agents to produce an effect that is intended to alter or stop a pathologic process. therapeutic procedure All manners of treatment, be they pharmaceuticals, invasive procedures, etc. to relieve illness and injury in attempts to bring the body back to its normal state. ISBN-10:0124105165 An action or administration of therapeutic agents to produce an effect that is intended to alter or stop a pathologic process. NCIT:C49236 Any procedure or test to diagnose a disease or disorder. 2018-11-16T20:10:20Z NCIT:C18020 OGMS:0000104 diagnostic technique diagnostic test diagnostic procedure Any procedure or test to diagnose a disease or disorder. NCIT:C18020 A diagnostic or treatment procedure performed by manual and/or instrumental means, often involving an incision and the removal or replacement of a diseased organ or tissue; of or relating to or involving or used in surgery or requiring or amenable to treatment by surgery. 2018-11-16T20:10:35Z ERO:0000378 NCIT:C15329 NCIT:C17173 NCRO:0000228 OAE:0000067 SCDO:1000017 operation surgery surgical intervention surgical operation surgical procedure A diagnostic or treatment procedure performed by manual and/or instrumental means, often involving an incision and the removal or replacement of a diseased organ or tissue; of or relating to or involving or used in surgery or requiring or amenable to treatment by surgery. NCIT:C15329 Any technology or method that aids in the visualization of any biological process, cell, tissue or organ for use in screening, diagnosis, surgical procedures or therapy. 2018-11-16T20:10:50Z NCIT:C17369 imaging procedure imaging technique medical imaging therapeutic imaging procedure therapeutic imaging technique clinical imaging procedure Any technology or method that aids in the visualization of any biological process, cell, tissue or organ for use in screening, diagnosis, surgical procedures or therapy. NCIT:C17369 Any procedure that involves testing or manipulating a sample of blood, urine, or other body substance in a laboratory setting for diagnosis, treatment, or therapy. 2018-11-16T20:11:26Z NCIT:C25294 clinical lab tests clinical laboratory tests clinical test lab test clinical laboratory procedure Any procedure that involves testing or manipulating a sample of blood, urine, or other body substance in a laboratory setting for diagnosis, treatment, or therapy. NCIT_C25294 http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 obsolete therapeutic intervention false Behavioral or regulatory nutritional interventions aim at modifying nutritional intake which have an impact on health outcomes. 2018-11-16T20:12:00Z nutritional intervention nutrition intervention Behavioral or regulatory nutritional interventions aim at modifying nutritional intake which have an impact on health outcomes. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 Cognitive and behavioral interventions are therapies that are designed to decrease symptoms and foster the belief that one has control over thoughts, beliefs, attitudes, and skills to facilitate coping. 2018-11-16T20:12:16Z NCIT:C116519 NCIT:C15184 NCIT:C64345 cognitive and behavioral therapies cognitive and behavioral therapy cognitive and behavioural intervention cognitive behavior therapy cognitive behavioral therapy cognitive behaviour therapy cognitive behavioural therapy cognitive and behavioral intervention Cognitive and behavioral interventions are therapies that are designed to decrease symptoms and foster the belief that one has control over thoughts, beliefs, attitudes, and skills to facilitate coping. PMID:22796302 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7463-6306 The treatment of deformity or disease through mechanical force and movement, including both active and passive exercises, intended to ameliorate injury, increase mobility, and improve overall function. 2018-11-16T20:12:31Z NCIT:C15302 OGMS:0000115 PT physiatric procedure physical medicine procedure physical therapeutics physical therapy procedure physiotherapy physiotherapy procedure physical therapy The treatment of deformity or disease through mechanical force and movement, including both active and passive exercises, intended to ameliorate injury, increase mobility, and improve overall function. NCIT:C15302 PT Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) or “complementary health approaches” are a group of diverse medical and health care practices and products that are not presently considered to be part of conventional medicine. 2019-01-07T19:24:28Z NCIT:C51976 SCDO:0000271 CAM therapy complementary or alternative medical procedure complementary medicine complementary therapy complementary and alternative medical therapy Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) or “complementary health approaches” are a group of diverse medical and health care practices and products that are not presently considered to be part of conventional medicine. NCCIH Treatment of a disease by means of exposure of the target or the whole body to radiation. Radiation therapy is often used as part of curative therapy and occasionally as a component of palliative treatment for cancer. Other uses include total body irradiation prior to transplantation. 2018-11-16T20:20:38Z NCIT:C15313 OGMS:0000116 RT radiation radiation therapy procedure radiotherapeutics radiotherapy radiation therapy Treatment of a disease by means of exposure of the target or the whole body to radiation. Radiation therapy is often used as part of curative therapy and occasionally as a component of palliative treatment for cancer. Other uses include total body irradiation prior to transplantation. NCIT:C15313 RT A type of treatment that uses substances derived from or made by living organisms to treat disease; this includes both naturally occurring and synthetic products. 2018-11-16T20:20:54Z NCIT:C15187 BRM therapy biologic therapies biological response modifier therapy biological therapy biotheraphy biologic therapy A type of treatment that uses substances derived from or made by living organisms to treat disease; this includes both naturally occurring and synthetic products. NCIT:C15187 BRM therapy Cell therapy is therapy in which cellular material is injected into a patient. 2018-11-16T20:21:19Z NCIT:C70601 cell therapy cellular therapies cellular therapy Cell therapy is therapy in which cellular material is injected into a patient. PMID:24471045 A therapy or action designed to prevent disease or ailment. 2018-11-16T20:21:49Z preventative clinical measures preventative medical actions preventative medical measures preventative therapies preventative therapy preventive medical actions preventive medical measures preventive therapeutics preventative therapeutics A broad subcategory of medical signs or objective indications of medical state which can be measured accurately and reproducibly. 2018-11-16T20:22:04Z NCIT:C63333 biomarker analysis A broad subcategory of medical signs or objective indications of medical state which can be measured accurately and reproducibly. PMID:20978388 A behavioral modification or implementation of a behavior designed to prevent disease or ailment. 2018-11-16T20:22:48Z behavioral preventative therapeutics behavioral preventive care behavioral preventive therapy preventative behavior therapy preventative behavioral therapy behavioral preventative care An approach that improves the quality of life of patients and their families facing the problems associated with life-threatening illness, through the prevention and relief of suffering by means of early identification and impeccable assessment and treatment of pain and other problems, physical, psychosocial, and spiritual’. 2018-11-16T20:23:01Z NCIT:C101516 NCIT:C15747 comfort care symptom management supportive care palliative therapeutics An approach that improves the quality of life of patients and their families facing the problems associated with life-threatening illness, through the prevention and relief of suffering by means of early identification and impeccable assessment and treatment of pain and other problems, physical, psychosocial, and spiritual’. PMID:27162584 A service delivery system that provides palliative care/medicine when life expectancy is 6 months or less and when curative or life-prolonging therapy is no longer indicated. 2018-11-16T20:23:10Z NCIT:C15252 hospice care A service delivery system that provides palliative care/medicine when life expectancy is 6 months or less and when curative or life-prolonging therapy is no longer indicated. PMID:22190887 Care for patients with a progressive life-limiting disease with a prognosis of months or less. 2019-01-09T20:15:05Z NCIT:C67359 end-of-life treatment management end-of life care Care for patients with a progressive life-limiting disease with a prognosis of months or less. PMID:23796586 Any medical procedure used to sustain the life of a patient in critical condition. 2019-01-09T20:25:04Z NCIT:C95171 OMIT:0009105 life support care Any medical procedure used to sustain the life of a patient in critical condition. NCIT:C95171 obsolete therapeutic avoidance of behavior false obsolete therapeutic mental or psychological behavior avoidance false obsolete stress avoidance false obsolete smoking avoidance false 2019-01-11T19:39:19Z therapeutic disease avoidance 2019-01-11T19:39:37Z communicable disease avoidance 2019-01-11T19:59:24Z physiologic state avoidance 2019-01-11T19:59:44Z dehydration avoidance 2019-01-11T19:59:54Z hypertension avoidance 2019-01-11T20:01:31Z obesity avoidance 2019-01-11T20:03:43Z skin abrasion avoidance 2019-01-11T20:11:57Z therapeutic avoidance of physical activity 2019-01-11T20:12:16Z impact sports avoidance therapeutic impact activities avoidance 2019-01-11T20:13:10Z therapeutic isometric exercise avoidance A clinical recommendation to avoid or refrain from certain environmental exposures in order to maintain health or ameliorate symptoms. 2019-01-11T20:50:37Z therapeutic avoidance of environmental exposure 2019-01-11T20:50:51Z radiation exposure avoidance 2019-01-11T20:56:19Z sunlight avoidance 2019-01-11T20:56:39Z food consumption avoidance nutrition intake avoidance Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose. 2019-01-15T18:20:06Z CHEBI:52217 drug therapy drug treatment medication therapy pharmaceutical drug pharmaceutical treatment pharmacological treatment Medical treatment by means of drugs. pharmacotherapy Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose. CHEBI:52217  Medical treatment by means of drugs. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 Use of a drug to treat or prevent bacterial infections. 2019-01-15T18:59:44Z CHEBI:36047 antibacterial drug therapy antibacterial treatment antibiotic agent therapy treatment with an anti-bacterial drug treatment with an anti-bacterial medication treatment with an anti-bacterial therapy treatment with an antibacterial agent treatment with an antibacterial drug treatment with an antibacterial medication treatment with an antibacterial therapy antibacterial agent therapy Use of a substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms. 2019-01-15T19:01:01Z anticancer agent therapy antineoplastic drug therapy CHEBI:35610 NCIT:C274 Treatment with anti-cancer drug Treatment with anti-cancer medication Treatment with anti-neoplastic drug Treatment with anti-neoplastic medication Treatment with antineoplastic agent Treatment with antineoplastic drug Treatment with antineoplastic medication antineoplastic drug therapy cytostatic agent therapy cytostatic drug therapy antineoplastic agent therapy A medical recommendation of sustained exercise that places an increased oxygen demand on the cardiovascular system and promotes an increased efficiency of the body's use of oxygen. 2019-01-15T19:02:35Z NCIT:C39774 aerobic activity aerobic exercise aerobic exercise therapy A medical recommendation of sustained exercise that places an increased oxygen demand on the cardiovascular system and promotes an increased efficiency of the body's use of oxygen. NCIT:C39774 http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 The administration of oxygen to an individual, usually to aid in respiration. 2019-01-15T19:14:17Z MeSH:D010102 NCIT:C94624 oxygen inhalation therapy oxygen support therapy Inhalation of oxygen aimed at restoring toward normal any pathophysiologic alterations of gas exchange in the cardiopulmonary system, as by the use of a respirator, nasal catheter, tent, chamber, or mask. (From Dorland, 27th ed & Stedman, 25th ed) supplemental oxygen therapy The administration of oxygen to an individual, usually to aid in respiration. NCIT:C94624 Inhalation of oxygen aimed at restoring toward normal any pathophysiologic alterations of gas exchange in the cardiopulmonary system, as by the use of a respirator, nasal catheter, tent, chamber, or mask. (From Dorland, 27th ed & Stedman, 25th ed) MeSH:D010102 2019-01-15T19:14:42Z lung volume reduction surgery Transference of a tissue or organ within an individual, between individuals of the same species, or between individuals of different species. 2019-01-15T19:15:04Z NCIT:C15342 OBI:0000105 transplant procedure transplantation transplantation surgery grafting procedure transplantation surgical procedure Transference of a tissue or organ within an individual, between individuals of the same species, or between individuals of different species. NCIT:C15342 The surgical transfer of one or both lungs from one individual to another. 2019-01-15T19:15:13Z NCIT:C15274 lung grafting lung transplantation lung transplantation surgery transplantation of lung transplantation of the lung lung transplantation surgical procedure The surgical transfer of one or both lungs from one individual to another. NCIT:C15274 The transfer of a healthy liver allograft from a donor to a patient. 2019-01-15T19:15:21Z NCIT:C15271 hepatic transplantation liver grafting liver transplantation surgical transplantation of the liver transplantation of liver liver transplantation surgical procedure The transfer of a healthy liver allograft from a donor to a patient. NCIT:C15271 2019-01-15T19:31:56Z chemical exposure avoidance The use of ultrasound to produce images of structures in the human body. 2019-01-15T19:32:35Z ERO:0001325 NCIT:C17230 sonography ultrasound procedure ultrasonography procedure 2019-01-15T19:32:45Z liver ultrasound procedure 2019-01-15T19:35:19Z NCIT:C97101 pancreatic function test 2019-01-15T19:35:36Z digestive system test The quantitative measurement of liver enzymes in the blood, which is useful in assessing the functional state of a patient's liver. Liver function tests include the measurement of albumin, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, and gamma glutamyl transferase. 2019-01-15T19:35:59Z NCIT:C74954 LFT liver function test The quantitative measurement of liver enzymes in the blood, which is useful in assessing the functional state of a patient's liver. Liver function tests include the measurement of albumin, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, and gamma glutamyl transferase. NCIT:C74954 LFT The act of receiving professional guidance in resolving personal conflicts and emotional problems. 2019-01-19T19:44:32Z NCIT:C15308 NCIT:C61547 NCIT:C63474 behaviour therapy behavioural counseling counseling intervention psychotherapy behavioral counseling The act of receiving professional guidance in resolving personal conflicts and emotional problems. NCIT:C61547 counseling intervention NCIT:C61547 Counseling designed to guide and support an individual to overcome alcohol dependence. 2019-01-19T19:46:47Z NCIT:C150658 alcoholism counseling Counseling designed to guide and support an individual to overcome alcohol dependence. NCIT:C150658 The process whereby an expert in hereditary disorders provides information about risk and clinical burden of a disorder or disorders to patients or relatives in families with genetic disorders as an aid to making informed and responsible decisions about marriage, children, early diagnosis, and handling disability. 2019-01-19T19:48:00Z NCIT:C15240 SCDO:0000443 genetic counseling The process whereby an expert in hereditary disorders provides information about risk and clinical burden of a disorder or disorders to patients or relatives in families with genetic disorders as an aid to making informed and responsible decisions about marriage, children, early diagnosis, and handling disability. NCIT:C15240 2019-01-19T19:49:24Z NCIT:C67032 stress management stress management therapy A process by which a health professional provides education, recommendations, or interventions to help clients stop using tobacco products. 2019-01-19T19:51:07Z NCIT:C101244 smoking cessation counseling smoking cessation tobacco cessation counseling A process by which a health professional provides education, recommendations, or interventions to help clients stop using tobacco products. NCIT:C101244 smoking cessation http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 The practice of piercing specific points on the body with very thin sterile needles in order to relieve pain or induce regional anesthesia. 2019-01-19T20:30:57Z NCIT:C15176 acupuncture therapy The practice of piercing specific points on the body with very thin sterile needles in order to relieve pain or induce regional anesthesia. NCIT:C15176 Continuous and profound contemplation or musing on a subject or series of subjects of a deep or abstruse nature; contemplation of spiritual matters. 2019-01-19T20:32:30Z NCIT:C51975 SCDO:0000741 meditation therapy Continuous and profound contemplation or musing on a subject or series of subjects of a deep or abstruse nature; contemplation of spiritual matters. NCIT:C51975 An ancient system of practices used to balance the mind and body through exercise, meditation (focusing thoughts), and control of breathing and emotions. Yoga is being studied as a way to relieve stress and treat sleep problems. 2019-01-19T20:34:15Z NCIT:C64897 yoga therapy An ancient system of practices used to balance the mind and body through exercise, meditation (focusing thoughts), and control of breathing and emotions. Yoga is being studied as a way to relieve stress and treat sleep problems. NCIT:C64897 An alternative medical system that focuses on the relationship between bodily structure (primarily that of the spine) and function, and how that relationship affects the preservation and restoration of health. Chiropractors use manipulative therapy as an integral treatment tool. 2019-01-19T20:35:28Z NCIT:C15204 chiropractic therapies chiropractic treatment chiropratic medicine chiropractic therapy An alternative medical system that focuses on the relationship between bodily structure (primarily that of the spine) and function, and how that relationship affects the preservation and restoration of health. Chiropractors use manipulative therapy as an integral treatment tool. NCIT:C15204 A therapeutic method of manipulation, methodical pressure, friction, and kneading of the body. 2019-01-19T20:36:55Z NCIT:C15276 massage massage and body work massage therapy A therapeutic method of manipulation, methodical pressure, friction, and kneading of the body. NCIT:C15276 Any alteration or treatment in an individual's diet with a planned goal, usually designed to improve the individual's overall health. 2019-01-19T20:39:14Z NCIT:C15447 diet behavioral nutritional intervention dietary intervention Any alteration or treatment in an individual's diet with a planned goal, usually designed to improve the individual's overall health. NCIT:C15447 The restriction of energy (calorie) intake below the amount required for weight maintenance. 2019-01-19T20:39:29Z LCD intake calorie restricted food intake carorie restriction in food intake low calorie diet intake primarily food‐based low‐calorie diet intake calorie restrictive diet intake The restriction of energy (calorie) intake below the amount required for weight maintenance. PMID:23748374 LCD intake Delivery of enteral nutrition via a tube placed into the stomach, duodenum, or jejunum. 2019-01-19T20:40:39Z NCIT:C93322 EN intake enteral nutrition support intake enteral tube feeding nutrition intake tube feeding nutrition intake enteral nutrition intake Delivery of enteral nutrition via a tube placed into the stomach, duodenum, or jejunum. NCIT:C93322 EN intake obsolete alcohol intake avoidance false 2019-01-19T20:54:50Z excessive alcohol avoidance 2019-01-19T20:55:05Z Some processed foods and soy contain large amounts of estrogen. estrogen-containing food avoidance 2019-01-19T20:59:49Z Some foods, particularly red meat, have high amounts of iron. excessive iron consumption avoidance 2019-01-19T21:00:36Z excessive protein consumption avoidance 2019-01-19T21:01:13Z fasting avoidance Abstinence from all or some kinds of food or drink, particularly for religious observance, medical nutrition therapy, or prior to a medical procedure. 2019-01-19T21:01:21Z NCIT:C63663 NPO fasting nil per os therapeutic fasting intermittant fasting fasting intervention Abstinence from all or some kinds of food or drink, particularly for religious observance, medical nutrition therapy, or prior to a medical procedure. PMID:16630428 PMID:27499591 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7463-6306 NPO obsolete food consumption avoidance false obsolete meat consumption avoidance false obsolete nut consumption avoidance false obsolete seafood consumption avoidance false obsolete mussel consumption avoidance false 2019-01-19T21:05:54Z dietary iron supplementation avoidance obsolete saffron consumption avoidance false The addition of one or more elements and/or chemical compounds that are either absent or deficient in an individual's daily diet. 2019-01-19T21:07:25Z NCIT:C15425 nutritional supplementation The addition of one or more elements and/or chemical compounds that are either absent or deficient in an individual's daily diet. NCIT:C15425 A dietary supplement containing all or most of the vitamins that may not be readily available in the diet. Vitamins may be classified according to their solubility either in lipids (vitamins A, D, E, K, F) or in water (vitamins C, B-complex). Present in minute amounts in various foods, vitamins are essential to maintaining normal metabolism and biochemical functions. 2019-01-19T21:08:59Z NCIT:C1654 multivitamin supplementation A dietary supplement containing all or most of the vitamins that may not be readily available in the diet. Vitamins may be classified according to their solubility either in lipids (vitamins A, D, E, K, F) or in water (vitamins C, B-complex). Present in minute amounts in various foods, vitamins are essential to maintaining normal metabolism and biochemical functions. NCIT:C1654 Oral iron supplementation is an effective and well‐studied option to replenish iron stores. 2019-01-19T21:09:25Z oral iron supplementation iron replacement therapy iron supplementation Oral iron supplementation is an effective and well‐studied option to replenish iron stores. PMID:28328083 2019-01-19T21:09:48Z vitamin C supplementation 2019-01-19T21:09:59Z vitamin D supplementation obsolete amino acid supplementation false Treatment with antioxidants in order to protect cells against damage caused by oxygen-free radicals. 2019-01-19T21:12:19Z NCIT:C67025 antioxidant therapy Treatment with antioxidants in order to protect cells against damage caused by oxygen-free radicals. NCIT:C67025 Administration of nutritional support by means of a tube passed into the stomach. 2019-01-19T21:13:59Z NCIT:C73430 gastrogavage nutrition intake gavage nutrition intake Administration of nutritional support by means of a tube passed into the stomach. NCIT:C73430 Total parenteral nutrition formulated for intravenous administration in patients who cannot eat or cannot get enough nutrients from the foods they eat. It is a liquid mixture of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals and other nutrients. 2019-01-19T21:16:22Z NCIT:C29484 TPN intake hyperalimentation total parenteral nutrition intake Total parenteral nutrition formulated for intravenous administration in patients who cannot eat or cannot get enough nutrients from the foods they eat. It is a liquid mixture of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals and other nutrients. NCIT:C29484 TPN intake Any action taken for the purpose of improving or maintaining an individual's memory. 2019-01-19T21:26:54Z NCIT:C116526 working memory interventions memory aids memory intervention A behavioral modification or implementation of a behavior designed to prevent smoking. 2019-01-19T21:33:17Z NCIT:C16114 prevent smoking smoking prevention A behavioral modification or implementation of a behavior designed to prevent smoking. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7463-6306 The prevention of conception or impregnation by the use of devices or drugs or surgery. 2019-01-19T21:34:14Z NCIT:C37932 birth control conception prevention contraceptive management pregnancy prevention contraceptive pregnancy prevention The prevention of conception or impregnation by the use of devices or drugs or surgery. NCIT:C37932 birth control NCIT:C37932 Immunization is the process whereby a person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease, typically by the administration of a vaccine. 2019-01-19T21:36:12Z NCIT:C15258 OBI:1110094 immunization preventive immunization preventative immunization Immunization is the process whereby a person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease, typically by the administration of a vaccine. WHO immunization NCIT:C15258 OBI:1110094 Active immunity refers to the process of exposing the body to an antigen to generate an adaptive immune response: the response takes days/weeks to develop but may be long lasting—even lifelong. 2019-01-20T00:31:42Z IDO:0000498 NCIT:C15416 VO:0000491 active immunization Active immunity refers to the process of exposing the body to an antigen to generate an adaptive immune response: the response takes days/weeks to develop but may be long lasting—even lifelong. PMID:18045976 Passive immunity refers to the process of providing IgG antibodies to protect against infection; it gives immediate, but short-lived protection. 2019-01-20T00:31:52Z NCIT:C15259 OBI:0001174 VO:0000492 passive immunization Passive immunity refers to the process of providing IgG antibodies to protect against infection; it gives immediate, but short-lived protection. PMID:18045976 2019-01-20T00:36:49Z disease exposure immunization The use of any device, marker, or other means for the purpose of detecting the presence of disease, usually in asymptomatic individuals. 2019-01-20T00:39:19Z NCIT:C15419 disease screening The use of any device, marker, or other means for the purpose of detecting the presence of disease, usually in asymptomatic individuals. NCIT:C15419 Testing conducted utilizing a manual or microprocessor audiometer to test for hearing loss. 2019-01-20T00:42:26Z NCIT:C38036 hearing exam procedure hearing testing procedure audiometric testing Testing conducted utilizing a manual or microprocessor audiometer to test for hearing loss. NCIT:C38036 The use of any device, marker, or other means for the purpose of detecting the presence of a tumor, usually before there are any symptoms. 2019-01-20T00:45:24Z NCIT:C15406 cancer screening The use of any device, marker, or other means for the purpose of detecting the presence of a tumor, usually before there are any symptoms. NCIT:C15406 The process of isolating and testing the DNA of an embryo or a person to detect the presence of genetic alterations or defects that may predispose to the future development of a disease or disorder. 2019-01-20T00:46:22Z NCIT:C15709 genetic analysis genetic testing The process of isolating and testing the DNA of an embryo or a person to detect the presence of genetic alterations or defects that may predispose to the future development of a disease or disorder. NCIT:C15709 Any test performed during pregnancy to assess fetal health and to detect for genetic abnormalities and various disorders. 2019-01-20T00:51:25Z pregnancy related screening pregnancy related screening test prenatal screening Any test performed during pregnancy to assess fetal health and to detect for genetic abnormalities and various disorders. NCIT:C92721 An examination of tissue removed from the body to assess the presence, cause, or extent of a disease. 2019-01-20T00:52:34Z NCIT:C15189 OPMI:0000274 biopsy biopsy procedure A diagnostic or therapeutic procedure in which an endoscope is inserted in a tubular organ to examine the structural architecture and/or remove abnormal tissues. 2019-01-20T01:01:22Z NCIT:C16546 endoscopic exam endoscopy endoscopic procedure A diagnostic or therapeutic procedure in which an endoscope is inserted in a tubular organ to examine the structural architecture and/or remove abnormal tissues. NCIT:C16546 endoscopy NCIT:C16546 2019-01-20T01:03:18Z endoscopy by site location specific endoscopy 2019-01-20T01:03:28Z endoscopy by type specific type endoscopy specific technique endoscopy An endoscopic technique that allows deep intubation of the small intestine while using a standard endoscope. An inflatable balloon attached to the endoscope's tip acts as a stabilizer and a second balloon that is advanced ahead of the endoscope acts as a pulling device. 2019-01-20T18:48:29Z NCIT:C64865 balloon-guided endoscopy balloon-guided endoscopic procedure An endoscopic technique that allows deep intubation of the small intestine while using a standard endoscope. An inflatable balloon attached to the endoscope's tip acts as a stabilizer and a second balloon that is advanced ahead of the endoscope acts as a pulling device. NCIT:C64865 Endoscopy that employs the use of tissue stains to increase tissue contrast, and enhance the ability to identify various tissue dysplasia and other abnormalities. 2019-01-20T18:51:12Z NCIT:C116476 chromoendoscopy Endoscopy that employs the use of tissue stains to increase tissue contrast, and enhance the ability to identify various tissue dysplasia and other abnormalities. NCIT:C116476 A low-cost, high-resolution imaging tool consisting of a 1-mm diameter fiber-optic bundle that produces subcellular imaging at 1,000x magnification and 4 micrometer resolution, allowing for minimally invasive bioimaging. 2019-01-20T19:03:17Z NCIT:C116480 HRME high-resolution microendoscopy A low-cost, high-resolution imaging tool consisting of a 1-mm diameter fiber-optic bundle that produces subcellular imaging at 1,000x magnification and 4 micrometer resolution, allowing for minimally invasive bioimaging. NCIT:C116480 HRME A technique for measuring the gamma radiation produced by collisions of electrons and positrons (anti-electrons) within living tissue. In positron emission tomography (PET), a subject is given a dose of a positron-emitting radionuclide attached to a metabolically active substance (for example, 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG), which is similar to a naturally occurring sugar, glucose, with the addition of a radioactive fluorine atom). When living tissue containing the positron emitter is bombarded by electrons, gamma radiation produced by collisions of electrons and positrons is detected by a scanner, revealing in fine detail the tissue location of the metabolically-active substance administered. 2019-01-20T19:19:15Z NCIT:C17007 PET scan positron emission tomography procedure A technique for measuring the gamma radiation produced by collisions of electrons and positrons (anti-electrons) within living tissue. In positron emission tomography (PET), a subject is given a dose of a positron-emitting radionuclide attached to a metabolically active substance (for example, 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG), which is similar to a naturally occurring sugar, glucose, with the addition of a radioactive fluorine atom). When living tissue containing the positron emitter is bombarded by electrons, gamma radiation produced by collisions of electrons and positrons is detected by a scanner, revealing in fine detail the tissue location of the metabolically-active substance administered. NCIT:C17007 PET scan NCIT:C17007 Ultrasound imaging following the administration of a microbubble contrast agent. 2019-01-21T20:17:52Z NCIT:C148281 CEUS contrast-enhanced ultrasound procedure Ultrasound imaging following the administration of a microbubble contrast agent. NCIT:C148281 CEUS A postmortem examination of the body that includes an examination of the internal organs and structures after dissection to determine the cause of death and the nature of pathological changes. 2019-01-21T20:33:46Z NCIT:C25153 autopsy autopsy procedure A postmortem examination of the body that includes an examination of the internal organs and structures after dissection to determine the cause of death and the nature of pathological changes. NCIT:C25153 A diagnostic test utilized to examine and define cellular anatomy or function. The test results are often used by a clinician to diagnose disease or disordered function. 2019-01-21T20:36:01Z NCIT:C49132 diagnostic cytological procedure clinical cytological test A diagnostic test utilized to examine and define cellular anatomy or function. The test results are often used by a clinician to diagnose disease or disordered function. NCIT:C49132 The collecting of secretions and superficial cells of the body of uterus, cervix, and ovaries; examined with a microscope to detect any abnormal cells. 2019-01-21T20:38:23Z Papanicolaou smear procedure cervical smear procedure pap test pap smear cervical smear procedure NCIT:C17348 pap test NCIT:C17348 The collecting of secretions and superficial cells of the body of uterus, cervix, and ovaries; examined with a microscope to detect any abnormal cells. NCIT:C17348 Papanicolaou smear procedure NCIT:C17348 Examination under a microscope of cells found in sputum (mucus and other matter brought up from the lungs by coughing). The test checks for abnormal cells, such as lung cancer cells. 2019-01-21T20:45:16Z NCIT:C16192 sputum cytology Examination under a microscope of cells found in sputum (mucus and other matter brought up from the lungs by coughing). The test checks for abnormal cells, such as lung cancer cells. NCIT:C16192 Examination of the cells in urine. 2019-01-21T20:47:27Z urine cytology Examination of the cells in urine. NCIT:C94473 Technique or procedure used for the study of the microanatomy of tissues and their cellular structure for the diagnosis or treatment of a disease. 2019-01-21T21:04:01Z NCIT:C16680 histological test histological procedure Technique or procedure used for the study of the microanatomy of tissues and their cellular structure for the diagnosis or treatment of a disease. NCIT:C16680 http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 obsolete clinical pathology procedure false A procedure to determine the number of cells in a clinical sample. 2019-01-21T21:16:16Z NCIT:C48938 cell count clinical pathology cell count clinical cell count A procedure to determine the number of cells in a clinical sample. NCIT:C48938 http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 A laboratory test to measure hematopoietic components and investigate hematologic disorders in a blood sample. 2019-01-21T21:22:45Z NCIT:C49286 hematology test A laboratory test to measure hematopoietic components and investigate hematologic disorders in a blood sample. NCIT:C49286 The determination of the maximum amount of oxygen that can be combined chemically with hemoglobin in a volume of blood. 2019-01-21T21:29:03Z NCIT:C96614 OXYCAP oxygen capacity measurement oxygen capacity test oxygen capacity measurement test The determination of the maximum amount of oxygen that can be combined chemically with hemoglobin in a volume of blood. NCIT:C96614 OXYCAP A measure of the volume of red blood cells expressed as a percentage of the total blood volume. Normal in males is 43-49%, in females 37-43%. 2019-01-21T21:32:32Z NCIT:C64796 EVF HCT PCV erythrocyte volume fraction packed cell volume hematocrit measurement test A measure of the volume of red blood cells expressed as a percentage of the total blood volume. Normal in males is 43-49%, in females 37-43%. NCIT:C64796 EVF HCT PCV erythrocyte volume fraction NCIT:C64796 packed cell volume NCIT:C64796 A medical recommendation to avoid a particular therapy, intervention, medication, or procedure. 2019-01-07T19:23:10Z avoid procedure avoid therapy avoid activity avoid drug avoid medication therapeutic avoidance intervention A medical recommendation to avoid a particular therapy, intervention, medication, or procedure. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 Administration of intravenous infusions of alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor at regular schedules is a specific therapy for individuals with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) with pulmonary involvement. 2019-01-22T17:27:25Z augmentation therapy Administration of intravenous infusions of alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor at regular schedules is a specific therapy for individuals with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) with pulmonary involvement. PMID:28752465 obsolete antispastic agents false Treatment with a drug used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. 2019-01-22T17:52:48Z CHEBI:48407 NCIT:C38149 antiparkinson agent treatment antiparkinson drug therapy antiparkinson drug treatment antiparkinsonian agent therapy antiparkisonian agent treatment antiparkisonian drug treatment antiparkinson agent therapy Use of a substance used to treat or prevent parasitic infections. 2019-01-22T17:53:06Z CHEBI:35442 NCIT:C276 antiparasitic drug therapy antiparasitics therapy antiparisitics drug treatment treatment with anti-parasitic agent treatment with anti-parasitic medication treatment with antiparasitic agent treatment with antiparasitic drug treatment with antiparasitic medication antiparasitic agent therapy A therapy capable of relieving pain without the loss of consciousness or without producing anaesthesia. In addition, analgesic is a role played by a compound which is exhibited by a capability to cause a reduction of pain symptoms. 2019-01-22T17:53:16Z CHEBI:35480 NCIT_C241 Analgesics therapy analgesic drug therapy analgesic medication therapy analgesic therapy analgesic pharmacotherapeutic agent therapy Treatment with a mood-stimulating drugs used primarily in the treatment of affective disorders and related conditions. 2019-01-22T17:53:33Z CHEBI:35469 antidepressant drug therapy antidepressants treatment thymoanaleptics treatment thymoleptic agent therapy thymoleptic drug treatment therapy thymoleptics drug therapy antidepressant agent therapy Use of a substance that attaches to and blocks cell receptors. 2019-01-22T17:54:06Z CHEBI:48706 NCIT:C69308 receptor antagonist therapy 2019-01-22T17:54:15Z treatment with adrenal modifier treatment with adrenal modifying agent treatment with adrenal modifying drug treatment with adrenal modifying medication adrenal-modifying, hormonal agent therapy Treatment with a drug that alleviate anxiety, tension, and anxiety disorders, promote sedation, and have a calming effect without affecting clarity of consciousness or neurologic conditions. 2019-01-22T17:54:43Z CHEBI:35474 anti-anxiety agent therapy anti-anxiety drug treatment anxiolytic agent drug treatment anxiolytics drug therapies minor tranquiliser therapy minor tranquilizer treatment minor tranquilizing agent treatment minor tranquilizing drug therapy treatment with anxiolytic anxiolytic agent therapy Substance that may reduce inflammation, stimulate elimination of uric acid, or increase production of uric acid. 2019-01-22T17:55:18Z CHEBI:35845 NCIT:C29733 anti-gout agent therapy anti-gout combination medicine therapy anti-gout drug therapy anti-gout preparation therapy antigout agent therapy antigout combination medicine therapy antigout drug therapy antigout medication therapy antigout preparation therapy gout suppressant agent treatment treatment with anti-gout medication treatment with antigout agent treatment with antigout drug treatment with antigout medication treatment with gout suppressant agent treatment with gout suppressant drug treatment with gout suppressant medication antigout agent therapy Substance that may reduce inflammation, stimulate elimination of uric acid, or increase production of uric acid. NCIT:C29733 Therapy using an agent that promotes the excretion of urine through its effects on kidney function 2019-01-22T17:55:27Z CHEBI:35498 NCIT:C448 diuretic agent drug treatment therapy diuretic drug therapy diuretic drugs therapy diuretics therapy treatment with diuretic agent treatment with diuretic drug treatment with diuretic medication diuretic agent therapy Treatment with an agent that control agitated psychotic behaviour, alleviate acute psychotic states, reduce psychotic symptoms, and exert a quieting effect. 2019-01-22T17:57:29Z CHEBI:35476 antipsychotic drug treatment antipsychotic therapy major tranquilizer drug treatment neuroleptic agent treatment neuroleptic therapies treatment with antipsychotic agent treatment with antipsychotic drug treatment with antipsychotic medication antipsychotic agent therapy Treatment with a drug used to prevent seizures or reduce their severity. 2019-01-22T17:57:37Z CHEBI:35623 NCIT:C264 anti-convulsant therapy anti-convulsive agent therapy anticonvulsant drug therapy anticonvulsant therapy anticonvulsive agent therapy antiepileptic therapy treatment with anticonvulsant treatment with anticonvulsant medication anticonvulsant agent therapy Treatment with a substance used in the prophylaxis or therapy of virus diseases. 2019-01-22T17:57:52Z CHEBI:36044 anti-viral drug therapy anti-virus drug treatment antiviral drug therapy treatment with an anti-virus agent treatment with an anti-virus drug treatment with an anti-virus medication treatment with an antiviral agent treatment with an antiviral drug treatment with an antiviral medication antiviral agent therapy Use of a compound that has anti-inflammatory effects. 2019-01-22T17:58:04Z CHEBI:67079 anti-inflammatory agent treatment therapy anti-inflammatory drug therapy anti-inflammatory medication therapy antiinflammatory agent therapy antiinflammatory drug therapy treatment with an anti-inflammatory drug treatment with an anti-inflammatory medication anti-inflammatory agent therapy A therapy utilizing a substance which produces loss of feeling or sensation. 2019-01-22T17:59:57Z CHEBI:38867 NCIT:C245 anaesthesia therapy anaesthetic medication therapy anaesthetic therapy anaesthetics therapy anesthesia therapy anesthetic drug therapy anesthetic medication therapy anesthetic agent therapy Treatment with medications to improve cognition and function for patients with dementia. 2019-01-22T18:00:43Z antidementia drug therapy antidementia medication treatment antidementia agent therapy Treatment with medications to improve cognition and function for patients with dementia. PMID:31517030 2019-01-22T18:01:36Z therapeutic antidotes, deterrents, and toxicologic agent therapy Treatment with a drug used to prevent nausea or vomiting. 2019-01-22T18:01:53Z CHEBI:50919 NCIT:C267 Treatment with antiemetics agent Treatment with antiemetics drug Treatment with antiemetics medication Treatment with antiemetics therapy anti-emetic agent therapy anti-emetic drug therapy anti-emetics therapy antiemetic drug therapy antiemetic therapy antiemetics medication treatment medication for nausea treatment medication for treatment of nausea An antiemetic may act by a wide range of mechanisms: it might affect the medullary control centres (the vomiting centre and the chemoreceptive trigger zone) or affect the peripheral receptors. antiemetics agent therapy An antiemetic may act by a wide range of mechanisms: it might affect the medullary control centres (the vomiting centre and the chemoreceptive trigger zone) or affect the peripheral receptors. CHEBI:50919 Use of a drug to prevent or treat fungal infections in humans or animals. 2019-01-22T18:02:00Z CHEBI:86327 anti-fungal drug therapy anti-fungal medication therapy antifungal drug therapy antifungal treatment antifungals therapy treatment with an anti-fungal drug treatment with an anti-fungal medication treatment with an antifungal drug treatment with an antifungal medication treatment with an antifungal therapy pharmaceutical fungicide therapy antifungal agent therapy 2019-01-22T18:11:18Z blood glucose regulator drug treatment blood glucose regulator therapy Use of a drug that acts on blood and blood-forming organs and those that affect the hemostatic system. 2019-01-22T18:11:44Z CHEBI:50248 https://www.drugbank.ca/categories/DBCAT000008 blood modifier treatment therapy blood modifying agent treatment hematologic agent treatment therapy treatment with hematologic agent treatment with hematologic drug treatment with hematologic medication hematologic agent therapy Treatment with a drug that promotes coagulation. 2019-01-22T18:11:58Z coagulant treatment therapy promotion of coagulation treatment with coagulant coagulant agent therapy Use of an agent that prevents blood clotting. 2019-01-22T18:12:06Z CHEBI:50249 anticoagulant agent treatment anticoagulant drug treatment anticoagulant therapy anticoagulant agent therapy 2019-01-22T18:12:20Z blood formation agent therapy Use of a drug which antagonizes or impairs any mechanism leading to blood platelet aggregation, whether during the phases of activation and shape change or following the dense-granule release reaction and stimulation of the prostaglandin-thromboxane system. 2019-01-22T18:12:39Z CHEBI:50427 platelet aggregation inhibitor agent treatment platelet aggregation inhibitor therapy treatment with platelet aggregation antagonist treatment with platelet aggregation blocker treatment with platelet aggregation inhibitor platelet aggregation inhibitor agent therapy Use of a drug that affects the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter or blood volume. 2019-01-22T18:13:06Z CHEBI:35554 NCIT:C78274 agent affecting cardiovascular system therapy cardiovascular agent drug treatment cardiovascular drug therapy cardiovascular drug treatment therapy cardiovascular system agent therapy cardiovascular system drug therapy treatment with cardiovascular agent treatment with cardiovascular drug treatment with cardiovascular medication treatment with cardiovascular therapy treatment with heart agent treatment with heart drug treatment with heart medication cardiovascular agent therapy Treatment with a drug that acts on an alpha-adrenergic receptor. 2019-01-22T18:14:42Z CHEBI:48539 a-adrenergic agent therapy a-adrenergic drug therapy a-adrenergic receptor agent therapy a-adrenergic receptor drug therapy alpha adrenergic drug therapy alpha adrenergic receptor agent therapy alpha adrenergic receptor drug treatment alpha adrenergics drug therapy alpha-adrenergic agent treatment alpha-adrenergic drug therapy alpha-adrenergic drug treatment therapy alpha-adrenergic modifier therapy alpha-adrenergic modifying agent therapy alpha-adrenergic receptor agent therapy alpha-adrenergic receptor drug therapy alpha-adrenergic receptor drug treatment treatment with alpha adrenergic agent treatment with alpha adrenergic drug treatment with alpha adrenergic medication treatment with alpha-adrenergic agent treatment with alpha-adrenergic drug treatment with alpha-adrenergic medication treatment with alpha-adrenergic receptor agent treatment with alpha-adrenergic receptor drug treatment with alpha-adrenergic receptor medication alpha-adrenergic agent therapy Treatment with an agent that selectively binds to and activates alpha-adrenergic receptors. 2019-01-22T18:15:26Z CHEBI:48539 a-adrenergic agonist drug treatment a-adrenergic agonist therapy a-adrenergic receptor agonist therapy alpha adrenergic agonist agent drug treatment alpha adrenergic agonist drug therapy alpha adrenergic agonist treatment alpha adrenergic receptor agonist therapy alpha adrentergic receptor agonist agent therapy alpha-adrenergic agonist therapy alpha-adrenergic receptor agonist drug therapy alpha-adrenergic receptor agonist treatment alpha-adrenoceptor agonist agent therapy alpha-adrenoceptor agonist drug therapy alpha-adrenoceptor agonist therapy alpha-adrenergic agonist agent therapy Treatment with an agent that binds to but does not activate alpha-adrenergic receptors thereby blocking the actions of endogenous or exogenous alpha-adrenergic agonists. 2019-01-22T18:15:59Z CHEBI:37890 a-adrenergic antagonist agent therapy a-adrenergic antagonist therapy a-adrenergic receptor antagonist drug treatment alpha adrenergic antagonist drug therapy alpha blocker therapy alpha-adrenergic antagonist agent treatment alpha-adrenergic antagonist drug therapy alpha-adrenergic antagonist drug treatment alpha-adrenergic antagonist medication therapy alpha-adrenergic blockader therapy alpha-adrenergic blocker therapy alpha-adrenergic blocking agent therapy alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonist agent therapy alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonist drug therapy alpha-adrenergic receptor blockader therapy alpha-adrenergic receptor blocker therapy alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist therapy treatment with alpha-adrenergic antagonist drug treatment with alpha-adrenergic antagonist medication alpha-adrenergic antagonist agent therapy Treatment with a drug for prevention of cardiac arrhythmias. Anti-arrhythmia drugs may affect the polarisation-repolarisation phase of the action potential, its excitability or refractoriness, or impulse conduction or membrane responsiveness within cardiac fibres. 2019-01-22T18:17:04Z CHEBI:38070 NCIT:C47793 anti-arrhythmic agent therapy anti-arrhythmic drug treatment therapy anti-arrythmia agent therapy anti-arrythmia drug therapy antiarrhythmic agent therapy antiarrhythmic drug therapy antiarrhythmic drug treatment treatment with anti-arrythmia agent treatment with anti-arrythmia drug treatment with anti-arrythmia medication treatment with anti-arrythmic agent treatment with anti-arrythmic drug treatment with anti-arrythmic medication treatment with antiarrythmic agent treatment with antiarrythmic drug treatment with antiarrythmic medication antiarrythmic agent therapy Treatment with a drug that acts on beta-adrenergic receptors. 2019-01-22T18:17:27Z CHEBI:48540 b-adrenergic drug treatment beta adrenergic receptor agent treatment beta adrenergic receptor drug therapy beta-adrenergic agent treatment beta-adrenergic drug therapy beta-adrenergic drug treatment beta-adrenergic modifier therapy beta-adrenergic modifying agent therapy beta-adrenergic modifying drug treatment beta-adrenergics therapy treatment with beta-adrenergic agent treatment with beta-adrenergic drug treatment with beta-adrenergic medication beta-adrenergic agent therapy An agent that binds to but does not activate beta-adrenergic receptors thereby blocking the actions of endogenous or exogenous beta-adrenergic agonists. 2019-01-22T18:17:55Z CHEBI:35530 Beta blocker therapy Beta-adrenergic blocking agent therapy b-adrenergic antagonist therapy b-adrenergic receptor antagonist therapy beta adrenergic antagonist agent treatment beta adrenergic antagonist drug treatment beta adrenergic receptor antagonist therapy beta-adrenergic antagonist agent treatment beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist agents beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist drug treatment beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist therapy beta-adrenergic receptor blockader therapy beta-adrenoceptor antagonist therapy treatment with beta blocker agent treatment with beta blocker drug treatment with beta blocker medication treatment with beta-adrenergic antagonist agent treatment with beta-adrenergic antagonist drug treatment with beta-adrenergic antagonist medication beta-adrenergic antagonist agent therapy An agent that binds to but does not activate beta-adrenergic receptors thereby blocking the actions of endogenous or exogenous beta-adrenergic agonists. CHEBI:35530 obsolete calcium channel blocker agent therapy false Therapy using an agent that reduces plasma lipids, such as cholesterol or low density lipoproteins (LDL), acting systemically or locally (intestines) to decrease fat digestion, absorption, production, and accumulation in the plasma and reducing pathogenic atherosclerosis and thrombosis. 2019-01-22T18:19:20Z NCIT:C29703 anti-lipidemic agent therapy antilipidemic agent therapy antilipidemic drug treatment therapy dyslipidemia agent therapy dyslipidemia drug treatment therapy dyslipidemic agent drug treatment dyslipidemic drug therapy dyslipidemic drugs therapy treatment with anti-lipidemic agent treatment with anti-lipidemic drug treatment with anti-lipidemic medication treatment with antilipidemic agent treatment with antilipidemic drug treatment with antilipidemic medication treatment with dyslipidemic agent treatment with dyslipidemic drug treatment with dyslipidemic medication dyslipidemic agent therapy Treatment with Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors, a group of drugs that act by inhibiting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and include angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs), and direct renin inhibitors 2019-01-22T18:19:47Z Treatment with RAAS inhibitor renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor therapy treatment with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor RAAS inhibitor therapy A therapy using a drug to cause dilation of the blood vessels. 2019-01-22T18:20:06Z CHEBI:35620 NCIT:C29707 vasodilating agent therapy vasodilating drug treatment therapy vasodilator agent therapy vasodilator drug therapies vasodilator drug therapy vasodilator drug treatment therapy vasodilator therapies vasodilator agent therapy A therapy using a drug to cause dilation of the blood vessels. CHEBI:35620 obsolete other cardiovascular agent therapy false Use of a drug that has principally analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory actions. Non-narcotic analgesics do not bind to opioid receptors. 2019-01-22T18:22:25Z CHEBI:35481 non-narcotic analgesic agent therapy non-narcotic analgesic drug therapy non-narcotic analgesic medication treatement non-narcotic analgesic therapy non-opioid analgesic agent therapy non-opioid analgesics drug therapy non-opioid analgesics medication therapy non-opioid analgesics medication treatment non-opioid analgesics therapy non-opioid analgesics agent therapy Use of a narcotic or opioid substance, synthetic or semisynthetic agent producing profound analgesia, drowsiness, and changes in mood. 2019-01-22T18:22:42Z narcotic therapy CHEBI:35482 narcotic analgesic medication therapy narcotic analgesic medication treatment narcotic analgesic therapy opioid analgesic drug therapy opioid analgesic medication therapy opioid analgesic medication treatment opioid analgesics opioid therapy opioid analgesics agent therapy Treatment with any member of a group of drugs that reversibly inhibit the propagation of signals along nerves. Wide variations in potency, stability, toxicity, water-solubility and duration of action determine the route used for administration, e.g. topical, intravenous, epidural or spinal block. 2019-01-22T18:24:45Z CHEBI:36333 local anaesthesia therapy local anaesthetic medication therapy local anaesthetics therapy local anesthesia therapy local anesthesia treatment local anesthetic agent therapy local anesthetics therapy epidural therapy spinal block therapy topical anesthesia therapy topical anesthetic therapy local anesthetic agent therapy An antibacterial substance with aminoglycoside structure. 2019-01-22T18:25:15Z CHEBI:47779 aminoglycoside drug therapy aminoglycoside drug treatment aminoglycosides therapy aminoglycoside agent therapy An antibacterial substance with aminoglycoside structure. Use of a class of beta-lactam antibiotics differing from the penicillins in having a 6-membered, rather than a 5-membered, side ring. 2019-01-22T18:25:44Z CHEBI:23066 cephalosporin antibacterial agent therapy cephalosporin beta-lactam therapy cephalosporin drug therapy cephalosporin drug treatment cephalosporin therapies cephalosporin treatment cephalosporins therapy treatment with cephalosporin agent treatment with cephalosporin antibacterial drug treatment with cephalosporin antibacterial medication treatment with cephalosporin antibiotic drug treatment with cephalosporin antibiotic medication Although cephalosporins are among the most commonly used antibiotics in the treatment of routine infections, and their use is increasing over time, they can cause a range of hypersensitivity reactions, from mild, delayed-onset cutaneous reactions to life-threatening anaphylaxis in patients with immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergy. treatment with cephalosporin drug treatment with cephalosporin medication cephalosporin agent therapy Although cephalosporins are among the most commonly used antibiotics in the treatment of routine infections, and their use is increasing over time, they can cause a range of hypersensitivity reactions, from mild, delayed-onset cutaneous reactions to life-threatening anaphylaxis in patients with immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergy. CHEBI:23066 Use of an antibacterial substance with penicillin structure. 2019-01-22T18:26:03Z CHEBI:17334 penicillin antibacterial therapy penicillin antibacterial treatment penicillin beta-lactam therapy penicillin drug therapy penicillin drug treatment penicillin treatment penicillins treatment with a penicillin agent treatment with a penicillin drug treatment with a penicillin medication treatment with a penicillin therapy treatment with penicillin antibacterial drug treatment with penicillin antibacterial medication treatment with penicillin antibiotic agent treatment with penicillin antibiotic drug treatment with penicillin antibiotic medication treatment with penicillin antibiotic therapy penicillin agent therapy Use of an antibacterial substance with penicillin structure. obsolete other beta-lactams false Use of a drug with a macrocyclic lactone with a ring of twelve or more members which exhibits antibiotic activity. 2019-01-22T18:26:31Z macrolides CHEBI:25105 Treatment with a macrolide antibacterial agent Treatment with a macrolide antibacterial drug Treatment with a macrolide antibacterial medication Treatment with a macrolide antibiotic agent Treatment with a macrolide antibiotic drug Treatment with a macrolide antibiotic medication macrolide antibacterial drug therapy macrolide antibacterial therapy macrolide drug therapy macrolide drug treatment macrolide antibacterial agent therapy Use of an organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic whose structure contains a quinolone or quinolone-related skeleton. 2019-01-22T18:26:50Z quinolones CHEBI:86324 quinolone antibacterial therapy quinolone antibiotic agent treatment treatment with quinolone antibacterial agent treatment with quinolone antibacterial drug treatment with quinolone antibacterial medication treatment with quinolone antibiotic agent treatment with quinolone antibiotic drug treatment with quinolone antibiotic medication quinolone antibacterial agent therapy Use of a class of sulfonamides whose members generally have bacteriostatic antibiotic properties. 2019-01-22T18:27:30Z sulfonamides therapy CHEBI:87228 sulfonamide antibacterial drug therapy sulfonamide antibacterial therapy sulfonamide antibiotic therapy sulfonamide drug therapy sulfonamide drug treatment treatment with a sulfonamide antibacterial drug treatment with a sulfonamide antibacterial medication treatment with a sulfonamide antibiotic agent treatment with a sulfonamide antibiotic drug treatment with a sulfonamide antibiotic medication treatment with a sulfonamide antibiotic therapy sulfonamide antibacterial agent therapy Treatment with a broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria. 2019-01-22T18:28:05Z CHEBI:27902 tetracycline antibiotic therapy tetracycline drug therapy tetracycline drug treatment treatment with a tetracycline antibacterial agent treatment with a tetracycline antibacterial drug treatment with a tetracycline antibacterial medication treatment with a tetracycline antibacterial therapy treatment with a tetracycline antibiotic agent treatment with a tetracycline antibiotic drug treatment with a tetracycline antibiotic medication treatment with a tetracycline antibiotic therapy tetracycline therapy obsolete other antibacterial agents false Treatment with a drug that is able to regulate intracellular calcium levels. 2019-01-22T18:28:49Z CHEBI:38808 calcium channel modifier drug therapy treatment with calcium channel modifying agent treatment with calcium channel modifying medication calcium channel modifying agent therapy Treatment with a substance, such as agonists, antagonists, degradation or uptake inhibitors, depleters, precursors, and modulators of receptor function, used for its pharmacological actions on GABAergic systems. 2019-01-22T18:29:21Z CHEBI:51374 GABA augmenting agent therapy GABA augmenting therapy gamma-aminobutyric acid drug therapy gamma-aminobutyric acid modulating agent therapy treatment with GABA agent treatment with GABA drug treatment with GABA medication treatment with gamma-aminobutyric acid augmenting agent treatment with gamma-aminobutyric acid augmenting drug treatment with gamma-aminobutyric acid augmenting medication gamma-aminobutyric acid augmenting agent therapy 2019-01-22T18:29:56Z glutamate reducing agent therapy Use of a drug that inhibits sodium influx through cell membranes. 2019-01-22T18:30:15Z CHEBI:38633 Na+ channel blocker therapy Na+ channel inhibitor drug therapy sodium channel blocker drug therapy sodium channel blocker therapy sodium channel inhibitor drug therapy treatment with Na+ channel inhibitor treatment with sodium channel antagonist treatment with sodium channel inhibitor sodium channel inhibitor therapy obsolete anticonvulsants, other false They are a group of drugs that block the normal breakdown of acetylcholine (ACh) into acetate and choline and thereby increase both the levels and duration of actions of acetylcholine found in the central and peripheral nervous system. 2019-01-22T18:32:56Z CHEBI:37733 cholinesterase inhibitor drug treatment cholinesterase inhibitor medication therapy Neurogenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, and Lewy body dementia are indications for cholinesterase inhibitor therapy. cholinesterase inhibitor therapy They are a group of drugs that block the normal breakdown of acetylcholine (ACh) into acetate and choline and thereby increase both the levels and duration of actions of acetylcholine found in the central and peripheral nervous system. PMID:31335056 Neurogenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, and Lewy body dementia are indications for cholinesterase inhibitor therapy. PMID:31335056 2019-01-22T18:33:33Z glutamate modulator therapy glutamate pathway modifying drug treatment glutamatergic drug therapy glutamatergic drug treatment glutamatergic pathway modifying agent therapy obsolete antidementia agents, other false A drug that acts as an inhibitor that interferes with the action of monoamine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.4). 2019-01-22T18:36:08Z CHEBI:38623 NCIT:C667 MAO drug therapy MAO drug treatment MAO inhibitor therapy MAOI therapy inhibitors of MAO therapy inhibitors of monoamine oxidase therapy A type of drug used to treat depression. It stops the breakdown of certain chemicals in the brain that help improve a person's mood. A monoamine oxidase inhibitor is a type of antidepressant. Any substance that inhibits monoamine oxidase (MAO), an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative deamination of monoamines and plays a role in the inactivation of neurotransmitters. monoamine oxidase inhibitor agent therapy MAO inhibitor therapy MAOI therapy A type of drug used to treat depression. It stops the breakdown of certain chemicals in the brain that help improve a person's mood. A monoamine oxidase inhibitor is a type of antidepressant. NCIT:C667 Any substance that inhibits monoamine oxidase (MAO), an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative deamination of monoamines and plays a role in the inactivation of neurotransmitters. NCIT:C667 Treatment with a medication that increases the extracellular level of the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine by inhibiting their reuptake into the presynaptic cell. 2019-01-22T18:40:17Z OMIT:0001323 SNRI agent therapy SNRI drug therapy SNRI drug treatment serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor agent therapy serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor drug therapy serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor drug treatment serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor therapy serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor agent therapy serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor drug treatment serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor drug treatment serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor agent therapy Treatment with mood-stimulating agents which contain a tricyclic structure and are used primarily in the treatment of affective disorders and related conditions. This group of agents appear to act through brain catecholamine systems. 2019-01-22T18:41:18Z NCIT:C94727 tricyclic antidepressant drug therapy tricyclic antidepressant drug treatment tricyclic antidepressant agent therapy obsolete antidepressants, other false Treatment with a therapeutic substance used to counteract the toxic action(s) of a specified xenobiotic. 2019-01-22T18:41:49Z CHEBI:50247 antidote drug therapy antidote agent therapy Treatment with a therapeutic substance used to counteract the toxic action(s) of a specified xenobiotic. PMID:9079217 Medication given to prevent or deter a patient from using a substance. 2019-01-22T18:42:02Z abuse deterrent drug treatment abuse deterrent agent therapy 2019-01-22T18:42:18Z toxicologic drug therapy toxicologic agent therapy Treatment with a class of steroid hormones that regulate a variety of physiological processes, in particular control of the concentration of glucose in blood. 2019-01-22T18:44:08Z CHEBI:24261 treatment with a glucocorticoid drug treatment with a glucocorticoid medication treatment with a glucocorticoid therapy glucocorticoid agent therapy Treatment with a class of steroid hormones that regulate a variety of physiological processes, in particular control of the concentration of glucose in blood. CHEBI:24261 Treatment with an anti-inflammatory drug that is not a steroid. In addition to anti-inflammatory actions, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions. They act by blocking the synthesis of prostaglandins by inhibiting cyclooxygenase, which converts arachidonic acid to cyclic endoperoxides, precursors of prostaglandins. 2019-01-22T18:44:26Z CHEBI:35475 NSAID therapy NSAIDs therapy non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication treatment treatment with NSAID drug treatment with NSAID medication treatment with NSAID therapy treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent therapy NSAID therapy NSAIDs therapy Treatment with medications to alleviate symptoms and occurance of migraine headaches. 2019-01-22T18:45:01Z anti migraine drug therapy anti-migraine drug therapy anti-migraine medication therapy migraine headache therapy migraine medication treatment migraine treatment standard migraine therapies treatment for migraine treatment of migraine treatment with antimigraine agent antimigraine agent therapy Treatment with medications to alleviate symptoms and occurance of migraine headaches. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 Use of medication to treat migraine headache symptoms acutely. 2019-01-22T18:45:12Z abortive anti migraine medication therapy abortive anti-migraine drug therapy abortive migraine headache treatment abortive migraine medication therapy abortive migraine treatment abortive therapy for migraine headache abortive treatment of migraine standard migraine abortive therapies symptomatic treatment of migraine treatment with abortive antimigraine agent abortive antimigraine agent therapy Use of medication to treat migraine headache symptoms acutely. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 Use of medication to decrease the occurence of migraine headaches. 2019-01-22T18:45:30Z prophylactic migraine headache treatment prophylactic migraine therapy prophylactic migraine treatment prophylactic treament of migraine headache prophylactic treatment of migraine treatment with prophylactic antimigraine agent prophylactic antimigraine agent therapy Use of medication to decrease the occurence of migraine headaches. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 Medication given by mouth or by injection to treat myasthenia gravis. 2019-01-22T18:47:33Z anti-myasthenic drug therapy antimyasthenic drug therapy antimyasthenic medication therapy antimyasthenic agent therapy Treatment with a drug to activate the parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS). They can act as direct agonists of acetylcholine receptors (ACh) or indirect agonists of ACh. While direct agonists act by binding directly to muscarinic or nicotinic ACh receptors, indirect agonists prolong the action of endogenous acetylcholine by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase. 2019-01-22T18:47:49Z cholinomimetic agents therapy cholinomimetic drug therapy cholinomimetic medication therapy parasympathomimetic agent therapy parasympathomimetic drug therapy parasympathomimetic drug treatment parasympathomimetic medication therapy treatment with cholinomimetic agent treatment with cholinomimetic drug treatment with cholinomimetic medication treatment with parasympathomimetic agent treatment with parasympathomimetic drug treatment with parasympathomimetic medication Direct agonists of ACh are used topically in ophthalmology to induce miosis, while indirect agonists are used to treat, e.g., postoperative ileus or urinary retention and myasthenia gravis. parasympathomimetic therapy Use of a treat or prevent infections caused by Mycobacteria, a genus of actinobacteria. 2019-01-22T18:48:12Z CHEBI:64912 antimycobacterial drug therapy antimycobacterial drug treatment antimycobacterials therapy antimycobacterium therapy treatment with an anti-mycobacterial agent treatment with an anti-mycobacterial drug treatment with an anti-mycobacterial medication treatment with an anti-mycobacterial therapy treatment with an antimycobacterial agent treatment with an antimycobacterial drug treatment with an antimycobacterial medication antimycobacterial agent therapy Use of a substance that kills or slows the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is used in the treatment of tuberculosis. 2019-01-22T18:49:27Z CHEBI:33231 antitubercular drug therapy antitubercular drug treatment antituberculosis agent therapy treatment with an anti-tubercular agent treatment with an anti-tubercular drug treatment with an anti-tubercular medication treatment with an anti-tubercular therapy treatment with an antitubercular agent treatment with an antitubercular drug treatment with an antitubercular medication tuberculostatic agent therapy antitubercular agent therapy Use of a substance that suppresses Mycobacterium leprae, ameliorates the clinical manifestations of leprosy, and/or reduces the incidence and severity of leprous reactions. 2019-01-22T18:49:45Z CHEBI:35816 leprostatic drug therapy leprostatic drug treatment treatment with a leprostatic agent treatment with a leprostatic drug treatment with a leprostatic medication treatment with a leprostatic therapy leprostatic agent therapy An antineoplastic agent that replaces hydrogen atom(s) in nucleophilic moieties with alky radical(s), hindering proper function. Alkylating agents exhibit cytotoxic effects through the alkylation of DNA, resulting in strand cross-linking, ultimately inhibiting DNA replication and cancer cell growth. 2019-01-22T18:50:33Z CHEBI:22333 NCIT:C1590 NCIT:C223 alkylating drug therapy anti-neoplastic alkylating agent therapy antineoplastic alkylating agent therapy treatment with alkylating agent treatment with alkylating drug treatment with alkylating medication Highly reactive chemical that introduces alkyl radicals into biologically active molecules and thereby prevents their proper functioning. It could be used as an antineoplastic agent, but it might be very toxic, with carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and immunosuppressant actions. It could also be used as a component of poison gases. alkylating agent therapy An antineoplastic agent that replaces hydrogen atom(s) in nucleophilic moieties with alky radical(s), hindering proper function. Alkylating agents exhibit cytotoxic effects through the alkylation of DNA, resulting in strand cross-linking, ultimately inhibiting DNA replication and cancer cell growth. NCIT:C1590 Highly reactive chemical that introduces alkyl radicals into biologically active molecules and thereby prevents their proper functioning. It could be used as an antineoplastic agent, but it might be very toxic, with carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and immunosuppressant actions. It could also be used as a component of poison gases. CHEBI:22333 Use of an agent or endogenous substance that inhibits the formation of capillaries from existing blood vessels. 2019-01-22T18:50:46Z CHEBI:48422 NCIT:C1742 angiogenesis antagonist therapy angiogenesis blocker therapy angiogenesis inhibitor therapy anti-angiogenic agent therapy antiangiogenesis agent therapy antiangiogenic agent drug treatment treatment with angiogenesis antagonist agent treatment with angiogenesis antagonist drug treatment with angiogenesis antagonist medication treatment with angiogenesis blocker agent treatment with angiogenesis blocker drug treatment with angiogenesis blocker medication treatment with angiogenesis inhibitor agent treatment with angiogenesis inhibitor drug treatment with angiogenesis inhibitor medication treatment with anti-angiogenic agent treatment with anti-angiogenic drug treatment with anti-angiogenic medication treatment with antiangiogenic agent treatment with antiangiogenic drug treatment with antiangiogenic medication angiostatic agent therapy antiangiogenic agent therapy obsolete antiestrogen agent therapy false Treatment of cancer that utilizes antimetabolite substances to disrupt DNA, RNA, or protein synthesis. 2019-01-22T18:51:33Z NCIT:C15183 anti-metabolite agent drug treatment antimetabolite agent drug treatment antimetabolite cancer drug antimetabolite cancer medication antimetabolites therapy cancer drug antimetabolite treatment with anti-metabolite agent treatment with anti-metabolite drug treatment with anti-metabolite medication treatment with antimetabolite agent treatment with antimetabolite drug treatment with antimetabolite medication antimetabolite agent therapy Treatment of cancer that utilizes antimetabolite substances to disrupt DNA, RNA, or protein synthesis. NCIT:C15183 Treatment with an EC 1.14.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, incorporating of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor) inhibitor which interferes with the action of aromatase (EC 1.14.14.14) and so reduces production of estrogenic steroid hormones. 2019-01-22T18:54:45Z CHEBI:50790 aromatase inhibitor drug therapy aromatase inhibitor drug treatment treatment with aromatase inhibitor agent treatment with aromatase inhibitor drug treatment with aromatase inhibitor medication treatment with estrogen synthetase inhibitor agent treatment with estrogen synthetase inhibitor drug treatment with estrogen synthetase inhibitor medication treatment with estrogen synthetase inhibitor therapy treatment with oestrogen synthetase inhibitor agent treatment with oestrogen synthetase inhibitor drug treatment with oestrogen synthetase inhibitor medication aromatase inhibitor agent therapy 2019-01-22T18:55:15Z antineoplastic molecular target inhibitor drug treatment cancer targeted inhibitor drug treatment cancer targeted inhibitor therapy targeted cancer drug therapy targeted cancer therapy treatment with targeted cancer drug treatment with targeted cancer medication treatment with targeted cancer therapy antineoplastic molecular target inhibitor agent therapy 2019-01-22T18:55:45Z NCIT:C15490 antineoplastic monoclonal antibodies therapy antineoplastic monoclonal antibody drug treatment antineoplastic monoclonal antibody agent therapy Use of any of a group of agents that includes retinol (Vitamin A) and related compounds with potential antineoplastic and/or chemopreventive activities. 2019-01-22T18:56:30Z NCIT:C804 retinoid drug therapy retinoid drug treatment retionoic acid agent therapy retionoic acid drug therapy treatment with retinoic acid agent treatment with retinoic acid drug treatment with retinoic acid medication treatment with retinoic acid therapy treatment with retinoid agent treatment with retinoid drug treatment with retinoid medication treatment with retinoid therapy A retinoic acid agent binds to and/or activates specific nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs), thereby modulating transcription of genes responsible for cell differentiation and proliferation. A retinoic acid agent may exhibit immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties and may inhibit ornithine decarboxylase, resulting in a decrease in polyamine synthesis and keratinization. retinoid agent therapy Substance intended to kill parasitic worms (helminths). 2019-01-22T18:57:26Z CHEBI:35443 anthelminitic agent drug therapy anthelmintic drug therapy anthelmintic drug treatment antihelminthics vermifuge therapy vermicide therapy anthelmintic agent therapy Substance intended to kill parasitic worms (helminths). CHEBI:35443 Treatment with an antimicrobial drug which is used to treat or prevent protozoal infections. 2019-01-22T18:57:54Z CHEBI:35820 antiprotozoal drug therapy antiprotozoal drug treatment antiprotozoals therapy treatment with an antiprotozoal agent treatment with an antiprotozoal drug treatment with an antiprotozoal medication protozoan drug treatment antiprotozoal agent therapy An agent used to as a treament of ectoparasitic infestations. 2019-01-22T18:58:53Z CHEBI:38956 ectoparasiticide therapy ectoparasiticidic drug therapy ectoparasiticidic drug treatment ectoparasiticidic drugs treatment ectoparasiticidic agent therapy An agent used to as a treament of ectoparasitic infestations. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 Treatment with an antiviral drug used for treatment of cytomegalovirus infection. 2019-01-22T18:59:18Z Anti-CMV agent therapy anti-CMV medication reatment anti-cmv drug therapy anti-cmv therapy anti-cytomegalovirus drug therapy anti-cytomegalovirus drug treatment anti-cytomegalovirus medication treatment antiviral treatment of cytomegalovirus therapy cytomegalovirus drug treatment therapy anti-cytomegalovirus agent therapy Treatment with an antiviral drug used for treatment of cytomegalovirus infection. PMID:21827432 Treatment with a drug which can have different modes of action but which tend to be less likely than first generation antipsychotics to cause extrapyramidal motor control disabilities such as body rigidity or Parkinson's disease-type movements. 2019-01-22T19:00:47Z CHEBI:65191 atypical antipsychotic agent treatment atypical antipsychotic drug therapies atypical antipsychotic drug treatment atypical antipsychotic therapies second generation antipsychotic agent therapy second generation antipsychotic drug treatment second generation antipsychotic therapy treatment with atypical antipsychotic atypical antipsychotic agent therapy Treatment with a drug which can have different modes of action but which tend to be more likely than second generation antipsychotics to cause extrapyramidal motor control disabilities such as body rigidity or Parkinson's disease-type movements; such body movements can become permanent even after treatment has ceased. 2019-01-22T19:01:06Z CHEBI:65190 conventional antipsychotic drug treatment conventional antipsychotic therapies first generation antipsychotic agent treatment first generation antipsychotic drug treatment first generation antipsychotic therapy treatment with conventional antipsychotic typical antipsychotic agent therapy typical antipsychotic drug treatment typical antipsychotic therapy conventional antipsychotic agent therapy 2019-01-22T19:02:05Z CHEBI:53784 anti-spasticity agent therapy antispasmodic agent therapy antispasmodic drug therapy antispastic agent therapy antispastic drug treatment antispasticity agent drug treatment antispasticity drug therapy treatmeant with antispasticity drug treatmeant with antispasticity medication treatment with a antispasmodic drug treatment with a antispasmodic medication treatment with a antispasmodic therapy treatment with antispasticity agent antispasticity agent therapy Use of a drug for the treatment and prophylaxis of infection with hepatitis virus(es). 2019-01-22T20:15:16Z anti-hepatitis agent therapy anti-hepatitis drug therapy anti-hepatitis drug treatment antihepatitis drug therapy antihepatitis drug treatment treatment with anti-hepatitis drug treatment with anti-hepatitis medication treatment with antihepatitis medication antihepatitis agent therapy Use of any drug that counters herpes. 2019-01-22T20:15:33Z anti-herpes agent therapy anti-herpes drug therapy anti-herpes medication therapy antiherpetic agent drug therapy antiherpetic agent drug treatment treatment with anti-herpes agent treatment with anti-herpes drug treatment with antiherpetic agent treatment with antiherpetic drug treatment with antiherpetic medication antiherpetic agent therapy Treatment with an antiviral agent that destroys or inhibits the replication of the human immunodeficiency virus. 2019-01-22T20:16:07Z CHEBI:64946 NCIT:C1660 anti-HIV agent therapy anti-HIV drug treatment treatment with anti-HIV agent treatment with anti-HIV drug treatment with anti-human immunodeficiency virus agent treatment with anti-human immunodeficiency virus drug treatment with anti-human immunodeficiency virus medication anti-human immunodeficiency virus agent therapy Treatment with a drug which interferes with the binding, fusion and entry of an HIV virion to a human cell. By blocking this step in HIV's replication cycle, such agents slow the progression from HIV infection to AIDS. 2019-01-22T20:18:25Z CHEBI:59886 anti-HIV theraoym fusion inhibitor drug treatment anti-HIV therapy, fusion inhibitor drug treatment with HIV fusion inhibitor agent treatment with HIV fusion inhibitor drug treatment with HIV fusion inhibitor medication treatment with HIV fusion inhibitor therapy HIV fusion inhibitor therapy Treatment with a substance structurally unlike a nucleoside molecule that is capable of inhibiting the function of a reverse transcriptase. These compounds do not bind to the active site of the polymerase but in a less conserved pocket near the active site, causing a distortion in the shape of the active site and resulting in inhibition of enzymatic function, chain termination, and inhibition of viral replication. 2019-01-22T20:18:58Z NCIT:C97453 anti-HIV non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor drug therapy anti-HIV non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor drug treatment treatment with anti-HIV therapy, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor agent treatment with anti-HIV therapy, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor drug treatment with anti-HIV therapy, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor medication non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor therapy Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) block reverse transcriptase (an HIV enzyme). 2019-01-22T20:20:58Z NRTI drug therapy anti-HIV nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor drug treatment treatment with NRTI agent treatment with NRTI drug treatment with NRTI medication treatment with nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor medication treatment with nucleoside-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor drug treatment with nucleoside-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor medication treatment with nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor drug treatment with nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor medication nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor therapy Use of an inhibitor of HIV protease, an enzyme required for production of proteins needed for viral assembly. 2019-01-22T20:21:25Z CHEBI:35660 NCIT:C97366 HIV protease inhibitor drug therapy HIV protease inhibitor drug treatment treatment with HIV protease inhibitor agent treatment with HIV protease inhibitor drug treatment with HIV protease inhibitor medication HIV protease inhibitor therapy Treatment with a drug used for the treatment and prophylaxis of infection with influenza viruses. 2019-01-22T20:21:48Z anti-flu medication therapy anti-influenza drug therapy anti-influenza drug treatment treatment with anti-influenza drug treatment with anti-influenza medication anti-influenza agent therapy obsolete anxiolytics, other false 2019-01-22T20:32:25Z antidepressant anxiolytics Treatment with an antimanic drugs are agents used to treat bipolar disorders or mania associated with other affective disorders. 2019-01-22T20:33:05Z CHEBI:35477 antimanic agent drug treatment antimanic agent treatment therapy antimanic drug therapies antimanic drug therapy antimanics bipolar agent drug therapy bipolar agent drug treatment bipolar disorder agent therapy treatment with antimanic agent treatment with antimanic drug treatment with antimanic medication antimanic agent therapy 2019-01-22T20:33:31Z anti-diabetic therapy antidiabetic agent drug treatment antidiabetic therapy antidiabetic agent therapy 2019-01-22T20:33:43Z glycemic agent drug therapy glycemic regulation agent therapy glycemic regulation drug treatment glycemic regulator agent therapy glycemic agent therapy A synthetic or animal-derived form of insulin used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Therapeutic insulin is formulated to be short-, intermediate- and long-acting in order to individualize an insulin regimen according to individual differences in glucose and insulin metabolism. Therapeutic insulin may be derived from porcine, bovine or recombinant sources. Endogenous human insulin, a pancreatic hormone composed of two polypeptide chains, is important for the normal metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats and has anabolic effects on many types of tissues. 2019-01-22T20:33:51Z NCIT:C581 insulin drug treatment insulin therapy therapeutic insulin preparations treatment therapeutic insulin treatment A synthetic or animal-derived form of insulin used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Therapeutic insulin is formulated to be short-, intermediate- and long-acting in order to individualize an insulin regimen according to individual differences in glucose and insulin metabolism. Therapeutic insulin may be derived from porcine, bovine or recombinant sources. Endogenous human insulin, a pancreatic hormone composed of two polypeptide chains, is important for the normal metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats and has anabolic effects on many types of tissues. NCIT:C581 Treatment with drugs producing both physiological and psychological effects through a variety of mechanisms involving the central nervous system. 2019-01-22T20:34:31Z CHEBI:35470 CNS agent therapy CNS drug therapy central nervous system drug therapy central nervous system agent therapy CNS agent therapy CNS drug therapy Treatment with a class of central nervous system stimulants based on the structure of the parent amphetamine 1-phenylpropan-2-amine. 2019-01-22T20:35:07Z CHEBI:35338 NCIT:C62006 amphetamine drug intake amphetamine drug therapy amphetamines therapy treatment with amphetamine agent treatment with amphetamine drug treatment with amphetamine medication treatment with amphetamines amphetamine agent therapy Use of non-stimulant (non-amphetamine) medication for treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). 2019-01-22T20:35:24Z non-amphetamine ADHD agent therapy non-amphetamine ADHD drug therapy non-stimulant ADHD treatment non-stimulant Attention Deficient Hyperactivity Disorder agent therapy non-stimulant ADHD agent therapy Use of non-stimulant (non-amphetamine) medication for treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 obsolete non-amphetamines, other false 2019-01-22T20:35:53Z dental and oral agent therapy Use of a drug to treat or prevent skin disorders or for the routine care of skin. 2019-01-22T20:36:09Z CHEBI:50177 dermatologic agent therapy dermatologic drug therapy dermatologic drug treatment treatment with dermatolic drug treatment with dermatolic medication treatment with dermatolical drug treatment with dermatolical medication dermatological agent therapy obsolete enzyme replacements and modifier agent therapy false Use of a drug for its effects on the gastrointestinal system, e.g. controlling gastric acidity, regulating gastrointestinal motility and water flow, and improving digestion. 2019-01-22T20:36:38Z CHEBI:55324 gastrointestinal agent treatment gastrointestinal drug treatment gastrointestinal drug treatment therapy treatment with gastrointestinal medication gastrointestinal agent therapy 2019-01-22T20:37:00Z gastrointestinal anti-spasmodic agent therapy gastrointestinal antispasmodic agent therapy gastrointestinal antispasmodic drug treatment gastrointestinal antispasmodic treatment therapy gastrointestinal antispasmodics agent therapy H2-receptor antagonists are the drugs that selectively bind to but do not activate histamine H2 receptors, thereby blocking the actions of endogenous histamine. 2019-01-22T20:37:14Z CHEBI:37961 H2 blocker treatment therapy H2 blocking agent treatment therapy H2 receptor antagonist treatment therapy H2 receptor blockader treatment H2-receptor blocker therapy Histamine2 antagonist therapy histamine H2 receptor antagonist therapy histamine H2 receptor antagonist treatment histamine2 blocking agent therapy H2-receptor antagonist agent therapy H2-receptor antagonists are the drugs that selectively bind to but do not activate histamine H2 receptors, thereby blocking the actions of endogenous histamine. CHEBI:37961 2019-01-22T20:37:54Z irritable bowel syndrome agent therapy 2019-01-22T20:38:16Z gastrointestinal protectant drug treatment gastrointestinal protectant treatment therapy gastrointestinal protectant agent therapy Any one of the substituted benzimidazole compounds with anti-ulcer activity. A proton pump inhibitor is orally administered in the neutrally charged, inactive form and, upon entering the acidic environment of the parietal cell, gets protonated and converted into its active form. The active form will covalently and irreversibly bind to the proton pump, the H+/K+-ATPase, located on the surface of parietal cells. This leads to an inhibition of the transport of hydrogen ions, in exchange for potassium ions, into the gastric lumen and results in an inhibition of gastric acid secretion. 2019-01-22T20:38:35Z NCIT:C29723 PPI agent therapy PPI drug therapy PPI treatment therapy proton pump inhibitor drug treatment proton pump inhibitor treatment therapy proton pump inhibitor agent therapy Any one of the substituted benzimidazole compounds with anti-ulcer activity. A proton pump inhibitor is orally administered in the neutrally charged, inactive form and, upon entering the acidic environment of the parietal cell, gets protonated and converted into its active form. The active form will covalently and irreversibly bind to the proton pump, the H+/K+-ATPase, located on the surface of parietal cells. This leads to an inhibition of the transport of hydrogen ions, in exchange for potassium ions, into the gastric lumen and results in an inhibition of gastric acid secretion. NCIT:C29723 PPI agent therapy PPI drug therapy PPI treatment therapy obsolete gastrointestinal agents, other false Use of a drug which are used to treat conditions of the reproductive organs and excretory system or urinary tract. 2019-01-22T20:39:18Z treatment with genitourinary agent treatment with genitourinary drug treatment with genitourinary medication genitourinary agent therapy 2019-01-22T20:39:46Z urinary antispasmodic agent therapy 2019-01-22T20:40:09Z benign prostate hypertrophy agent therapy 2019-01-22T20:40:24Z phosphate binders agent therapy obsolete genitourinary agents, other false 2019-01-22T20:42:45Z Glucocorticoids/ Mineralocorticoids 2019-01-22T20:44:06Z treatment with pituitary modifier treatment with pituitary modifying agent treatment with pituitary modifying drug treatment with pituitary modifying medication pituitary-modifying, hormonal agent therapy 2019-01-22T20:45:21Z treatment with prostaglandin modifier treatment with prostaglandin modifying agent treatment with prostaglandin modifying drug treatment with prostaglandin modifying medication prostaglandin-modifying, hormonal agent therapy 2019-01-22T20:46:02Z sex hormone modifying drug treatment sex hormone modifying agent therapy Use of any agent that can alter hormone levels or modulate hormone effects. 2019-01-22T20:49:54Z NCIT:C147908 hormone modifiers hormone modifying agent hormone modifying drug hormone modifying drugs hormone therapies hormone therapy hormone therapy agents hormone therapy drugs treatment with hormone modifiers hormone modifying therapy 2019-01-22T20:51:04Z treatment with thyroid modifier treatment with thyroid modifying agent treatment with thyroid modifying drug treatment with thyroid modifying medication thyroid-modifying hormonal agent therapy Use of a compound which stimulates anabolism and inhibits catabolism. Anabolic agents stimulate the development of muscle mass, strength, and power. 2019-01-22T20:51:34Z CHEBI:36413 anabolic agent therapy anabolic steroid modifying drug treatment treatment with anabolic steroid anabolic steroid modifying agent therapy 2019-01-22T20:51:44Z treatment with androgen agent treatment with androgen drug treatment with androgen medication treatment with androgen modifying agent treatment with androgen modifying drug androgen modifying agent therapy A drug which acts to modulates estrogenic activity in the body, either by modulating the amount of estrogen or by modulating the activity of whatever estrogen is present. 2019-01-22T20:52:07Z CHEBI:50739 estrogen modifying drug therapy estrogen modifying medication therapy oestrogen modifying agent therapy oestrogen modifying drug therapy treatment with estrogen receptor modulator treatment with estrogent modifying medication treatment with oestrogen modifying medication estrogen modifying agent therapy 2019-01-22T20:52:15Z progestin modifying drug treatment treatment with progestin modifier treatment with progestin modifying agent treatment with progestin modifying drug treatment with progestin modifying medication progestin modifying agent therapy 2019-01-22T20:52:46Z selective-estrogen receptor modifying agent therapy Use of a drug to treat hyperparathyroidism by reducing the excessive production of parathyroid hormones. 2019-01-22T20:53:28Z CHEBI:50827 antiparathyroid agent therapy antiparathyroid drug therapy treatment with antiparathyroid drug treatment with antiparathyroid medication treatment with parathyroid-suppressant agent treatment with parathyroid-suppressant drug treatment with parathyroid-suppressant medication parathyroid-suppressant hormonal agent therapy 2019-01-22T20:54:46Z treatment with androgen agonist treatment with androgen stimulant androgen stimulant agent therapy Use of a compound which inhibits or antagonises the biosynthesis or actions of androgens. 2019-01-22T20:55:10Z CHEBI:35497 treatment with androgen antagonist treatment with androgen blocker treatment with androgen suppressant agent androgen suppressant agent therapy 2019-01-22T20:59:15Z treatment with thyroid agonist treatment with thyroid stimulating agent treatment with thyroid stimulating drug treatment with thyroid stimulating medication thyroid-stimulating hormonal agent therapy Use of a drug to treat hyperthyroidism by reducing the excessive production of thyroid hormones. 2019-01-22T20:59:33Z CHEBI:50671 anti-thyroid drug treatment treatment with anti-thyroid agent treatment with antithyroid agent treatment with antithyroid drug treatment with antithyroid medication antithyroid agent therapy Use of a drug that induces, enhances, restores or suppresses the host's immune system, or an agent that utilizes or is derived from a component of the immune system. 2019-01-22T21:00:01Z CHEBI:50846 NCIT:C308 immune factor therapy immune mediator treatment therapy immune modulator therapy immune regulator therapy immunological agent treatment therapy immunomodulating agent treatment therapy immunomodulator treatment therapy immunomodulatory agent treatment therapy immunotherapeutic agent treatment therapy immunotherapy agent immunotherapy treatment treatment with immunological agent treatment with immunological drug treatment with immunological medication treatment with immunomodifying agent treatment with immunomodifying drug treatment with immunomodifying medication treatment with immunomodulator immunological agent therapy Use of a substance that augments, stimulates, activates, potentiates, or modulates the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. 2019-01-22T21:00:13Z CHEBI:50847 immune stimulant agent therapy immunoactivator treatment therapy immunoadjuvant treatment therapy immunologic adjuvant treatment therapy immunological adjuvant treatment therapy immunopotentiator treatment therapy immunostimulant treatment therapy treatment with immune stimulant treatment with immunoactivator treatment with immunoadjuvant A classical agent (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contains bacterial antigens. It could also be endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Its mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. The therapeutic efficacy is related to its antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity. immune stimulant agent therapy A classical agent (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contains bacterial antigens. It could also be endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Its mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. The therapeutic efficacy is related to its antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity. CHEBI:50847 Use of an agent that suppresses immune function by one of several mechanisms of action. 2019-01-22T21:00:25Z CHEBI:35705 NCIT:C574 immune suppressant agent treatment immunosuppressant agent therapy immunosuppressant treatment therapy immunosuppressive agent treatment therapy immunosuppressor agent therapy treatment immunosuppressant treatment with immune suppressant treatment with immunosuppressive Classical cytotoxic immunosuppressants act by inhibiting DNA synthesis. Others may act through activation of T-cells or by inhibiting the activation of helper cells. In addition, an immunosuppressive agent is a role played by a compound which is exhibited by a capability to diminish the extent and/or voracity of an immune response. immune suppressant agent therapy Classical cytotoxic immunosuppressants act by inhibiting DNA synthesis. Others may act through activation of T-cells or by inhibiting the activation of helper cells. In addition, an immunosuppressive agent is a role played by a compound which is exhibited by a capability to diminish the extent and/or voracity of an immune response. CHEBI:35705 2019-01-22T21:00:40Z passive immunizing agent therapy The drug treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which may include the use of anti-inflammatory agents and agents that reduce the symptoms associated with IBD. 2019-01-22T21:01:33Z PMID:21857074 anti-IBD drug treatment therapy anti-inflammatory bowel disease drug treatment anti-inflammatory bowel disease therapy inflammatory bowel disease agent therapy The drug treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which may include the use of anti-inflammatory agents and agents that reduce the symptoms associated with IBD. PMID:21857074 The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis. 2019-01-22T21:02:35Z CHEBI:30762 https://www.drugbank.ca/categories/DBCAT000579 salicylate agent therapy The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis. https://www.drugbank.ca/categories/DBCAT000579 2019-01-22T21:04:21Z metabolic bone disease drug treatment metabolic bone disease agent therapy Use of a drug to treat eye conditions or eye diseases. 2019-01-22T21:04:40Z CHEBI:66981 ophthalmic agent therapy ophthalmic drug treatment ophthalmics drug treatment ophthalmological agent treatment ophthalmologicals therapy ophthalmology agent therapy ophthalmology agent treatment therapy ophthalmology drug therapy treatment with ophthalmic agent treatment with ophthalmic drug treatment with ophthalmic medication ophthalmic agent therapy 2019-01-22T21:04:55Z ophthalmic anti-allergy agent therapy Use of a drug which can be used to prevent or alleviate glaucoma, a disease in which the optic nerve is damaged, resulting in progressive, irreversible loss of vision. 2019-01-22T21:05:20Z CHEBI:39456 ophthalmic antiglaucoma agent therapy treatment with anti-glaucoma agent treatment with anti-glaucoma medication treatment with antiglaucoma agent treatment with antiglaucoma drug treatment with antiglaucoma medication antiglaucoma agent therapy 2019-01-22T21:05:47Z ophthalmic anti-inflammatory agent therapy 2019-01-22T21:06:19Z ophthalmic prostaglandin and prostamide agent therapy obsolete ophthalmic agents, other false Treatment with a substance intended for administration either on the outer ear or into the auditory canal. 2019-01-22T21:08:34Z NCIT:C69040 NCIT:C69040 treatment with otic medication otic agent therapy Use of an agent that exerts a physiologic effect on any anatomic entity that is part of the respiratory tract and airways. 2019-01-22T21:08:56Z NCIT:C78273 agent affecting respiratory system treatment respiratory tract agent treatment respiratory tract drug treatment therapy treatment with respiratory tract agent treatment with respiratory tract medication respiratory tract agent therapy Use of an agent that exerts a physiologic effect on any anatomic entity that is part of the respiratory tract and airways. NCIT:C78273 Use of drugs that bind to but do not activate histamine receptors, thereby blocking the actions of histamine or histamine agonists. 2019-01-22T21:09:06Z CHEBI:37956 antihistamine drug treatment antihistimine drug therapy histamine antagonist therapy histamine receptor blocker drug treatment histamine receptor blocker therapy treatment with antihistamine treatment with histamine antagonist treatment with histamine blocker antihistamine agent therapy 2019-01-22T21:09:38Z inhaled corticosteroid drug treatment inhaled corticosteroid agent therapy Use of a drug designed to prevent leukotriene synthesis or activity by blocking binding at the receptor level. 2019-01-22T21:09:53Z CHEBI:49159 antileukotriene drug treatment treatment with antileukotriene agent treatment with antileukotriene medication treatment with leukotriene antagonist treatment with leukotriene blocker antileukotriene agent therapy Use of an agent that causes an increase in the expansion of a bronchus or bronchial tubes. 2019-01-22T21:10:11Z CHEBI:35523 NCIT:C319 bronchodilator agent treatment bronchodilator drug treatment broncholytic agent therapy treatment with bronchodilator bronchodilator agent therapy 2019-01-22T21:10:37Z anticholinergic bronchodilator drug treatment anticholinergic bronchodilator agent therapy 2019-01-22T21:11:08Z phosphodiesterase inhibitor bronchodilator drug treatment phosphodiesterase inhibitor bronchodilator agent therapy 2019-01-22T21:11:37Z sympathomimetic bronchodilator drug therapy sympathomimetic bronchodilator agent therapy 2019-01-22T21:12:02Z NCIT:C29714 mast cell stabiliser agent therapy mast cell stabiliser drug treatment mast cell stabilizer drug treatment mast cell stabilizer agent therapy 2019-01-22T21:12:15Z pulmonary antihypertensive drug treatment pulmonary antihypertensive agent therapy obsolete respiratory tract agents, other false Treatment with a central nervous system depressant used to induce drowsiness or sleep or to reduce psychological excitement or anxiety. 2019-01-22T21:14:36Z CHEBI:35717 NCIT:C29756 hypnotic agent therapy hypnotic drug therapy hypnotics agent therapy sedative agent drug therapy sedative agent drug treatment sedative and hypnotic drug treatment sedative drug therapy sedative drug treatment sedative treatment therapy sedative-hypnotic drug treatment sedatives and hypnotic drug therapy sedatives/hypnotic drug treatment sedatives and hypnotic agent therapy Treatment with a central nervous system depressant used to induce drowsiness or sleep or to reduce psychological excitement or anxiety. CHEBI:35717 Use of a drug used to produce muscle relaxation (excepting neuromuscular blocking agents). Its primary clinical and therapeutic use is the treatment of muscle spasm and immobility associated with strains, sprains, and injuries of the back and, to a lesser degree, injuries to the neck. Also used for the treatment of a variety of clinical conditions that have in common only the presence of skeletal muscle hyperactivity, for example, the muscle spasms that can occur in multiple sclerosis. 2019-01-22T21:14:48Z CHEBI:51371 NCIT:C29696 muscle relaxant agent therapy skeletal muscle relaxant drug treatment skeletal muscle relaxant agent therapy Use of a substance for the prophylaxis or therapy of infectious diseases. 2019-04-10T19:56:29Z CHEBI:35441 anti-infective drug therapy anti-infectives antiinfective agents antiinfective drug treatment with anti-infective agent treatment with anti-infective drug treatment with anti-infective medication treatment with antiinfective drug treatment with antiinfective medication anti-infective agent therapy Removal of tissue from the head. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 head biopsy biopsy of head Removal of tissue from the abdomen. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 abdomen biopsy biopsy of abdomen Removal of tissue from the adipose tissue. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 adipose tissue biopsy biopsy of adipose tissue Removal of tissue from the adrenal cortex. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 adrenal cortex biopsy biopsy of adrenal cortex Removal of tissue from the adrenal gland. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 adrenal gland biopsy biopsy of adrenal gland Removal of tissue from the anal canal. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 anal canal biopsy biopsy of anal canal Removal of tissue from the anus. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 anus biopsy biopsy of anus Removal of tissue from the aorta. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 aorta biopsy biopsy of aorta Removal of tissue from the body of uterus. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 body of uterus biopsy biopsy of body of uterus Removal of tissue from the bone element. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 bone element biopsy biopsy of bone element Removal of tissue from the bone marrow. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 bone marrow biopsy biopsy of bone marrow Removal of tissue from the bone tissue. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 bone tissue biopsy biopsy of bone tissue Removal of tissue from the brain. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 brain biopsy biopsy of brain Removal of tissue from the brainstem. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 brainstem biopsy biopsy of brainstem Removal of tissue from the breast. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 breast biopsy biopsy of breast Removal of tissue from the bronchus. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 bronchus biopsy biopsy of bronchus Removal of tissue from the caecum. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 caecum biopsy biopsy of caecum Removal of tissue from the cardiac ventricle. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 cardiac ventricle biopsy biopsy of cardiac ventricle Removal of tissue from the cerebellum. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 cerebellum biopsy biopsy of cerebellum Removal of tissue from the cerebral cortex. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 cerebral cortex biopsy biopsy of cerebral cortex Removal of tissue from the chest wall. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 chest wall biopsy biopsy of chest wall Removal of tissue from the chordate pharynx. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 chordate pharynx biopsy biopsy of chordate pharynx Removal of tissue from the choroid plexus. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 choroid plexus biopsy biopsy of choroid plexus Removal of tissue from the cochlea. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 cochlea biopsy biopsy of cochlea Removal of tissue from the colon. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 colon biopsy biopsy of colon Removal of tissue from the colorectum. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 colorectum biopsy biopsy of colorectum Removal of tissue from the dermis. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 dermis biopsy biopsy of dermis Removal of tissue from the diaphragm. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 diaphragm biopsy biopsy of diaphragm Removal of tissue from the dorsal plus ventral thalamus. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 dorsal plus ventral thalamus biopsy biopsy of dorsal plus ventral thalamus Removal of tissue from the duodenum. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 duodenum biopsy biopsy of duodenum Removal of tissue from the endocardium. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 endocardium biopsy biopsy of endocardium Removal of tissue from the endocrine pancreas. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 endocrine pancreas biopsy biopsy of endocrine pancreas Removal of tissue from the endometrium. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 endometrium biopsy biopsy of endometrium Removal of tissue from the esophagus. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 esophagus biopsy biopsy of esophagus Removal of tissue from the eye. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 eye biopsy biopsy of eye Removal of tissue from the fallopian tube. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 fallopian tube biopsy biopsy of fallopian tube Removal of tissue from the frontal lobe. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 frontal lobe biopsy biopsy of frontal lobe Removal of tissue from the gall bladder. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 gall bladder biopsy biopsy of gall bladder Removal of tissue from the genitourinary system. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 genitourinary system biopsy biopsy of genitourinary system Removal of tissue from the gonad. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 gonad biopsy biopsy of gonad Removal of tissue from the heart. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 heart biopsy biopsy of heart Removal of tissue from the hypopharynx. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 hypopharynx biopsy biopsy of hypopharynx Removal of tissue from the hypothalamus. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 hypothalamus biopsy biopsy of hypothalamus Removal of tissue from the intestine. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 intestine biopsy biopsy of intestine Removal of tissue from the jaw skeleton. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 jaw skeleton biopsy biopsy of jaw skeleton Removal of tissue from the lacrimal apparatus. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 lacrimal apparatus biopsy biopsy of lacrimal apparatus Removal of tissue from the large intestine. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 large intestine biopsy biopsy of large intestine Removal of tissue from the larynx. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2962 larynx biopsy biopsy of larynx Removal of tissue from the limb. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2963 limb biopsy biopsy of limb Removal of tissue from the lip. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2964 lip biopsy biopsy of lip Removal of tissue from the liver. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2965 liver biopsy biopsy of liver Removal of tissue from the lower respiratory tract. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2966 lower respiratory tract biopsy biopsy of lower respiratory tract Removal of tissue from the lower urinary tract. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2967 lower urinary tract biopsy biopsy of lower urinary tract Removal of tissue from the lumbar region of vertebral column. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2968 lumbar region of vertebral column biopsy biopsy of lumbar region of vertebral column Removal of tissue from the lung. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2969 lung biopsy biopsy of lung Removal of tissue from the lymph node. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2970 lymph node biopsy biopsy of lymph node Removal of tissue from the lymphatic part of lymphoid system. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2971 lymphatic part of lymphoid system biopsy biopsy of lymphatic part of lymphoid system Removal of tissue from the mammalian vulva. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2972 mammalian vulva biopsy vulva biopsy Removal of tissue from the medulla oblongata. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2973 medulla oblongata biopsy biopsy of medulla oblongata Removal of tissue from the mouth. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2974 mouth biopsy biopsy of mouth Removal of tissue from the muscle organ. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2975 muscle organ biopsy muscle biopsy Removal of tissue from the muscle tissue. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2976 muscle tissue biopsy biopsy of muscle tissue Removal of tissue from the nasolacrimal duct. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2977 nasolacrimal duct biopsy biopsy of nasolacrimal duct Removal of tissue from the nasopharynx. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2978 nasopharynx biopsy biopsy of nasopharynx Removal of tissue from the neck. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2979 neck biopsy biopsy of neck Removal of tissue from the ovary. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2980 ovary biopsy biopsy of ovary Removal of tissue from the pancreas. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2981 pancreas biopsy biopsy of pancreas Removal of tissue from the penis. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2982 penis biopsy biopsy of penis Removal of tissue from the perianal skin. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2983 perianal skin biopsy biopsy of perianal skin Removal of tissue from the peritoneum. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2984 peritoneum biopsy biopsy of peritoneum Removal of tissue from the pituitary gland. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2985 pituitary gland biopsy biopsy of pituitary gland Removal of tissue from the pleura. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2986 pleura biopsy biopsy of pleura Removal of tissue from the rectum. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2987 rectum biopsy biopsy of rectum Removal of tissue from the retina. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2988 retina biopsy biopsy of retina Removal of tissue from the saliva-secreting gland. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2989 saliva-secreting gland biopsy biopsy of saliva-secreting gland Removal of tissue from the scrotum. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2990 scrotum biopsy biopsy of scrotum Removal of tissue from the sebaceous gland. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2991 sebaceous gland biopsy biopsy of sebaceous gland Removal of tissue from the small intestine. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2992 small intestine biopsy biopsy of small intestine Removal of tissue from the spinal cord. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2993 spinal cord biopsy biopsy of spinal cord Removal of tissue from the spleen. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2994 spleen biopsy biopsy of spleen Removal of tissue from the stomach. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2995 stomach biopsy biopsy of stomach Removal of tissue from the subglottis. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2996 subglottis biopsy biopsy of subglottis Removal of tissue from the submandibular gland. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2997 submandibular gland biopsy biopsy of submandibular gland Removal of tissue from the testis. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2998 testis biopsy biopsy of testis Removal of tissue from the thymus. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2999 thymus biopsy biopsy of thymus Removal of tissue from the thyroid gland. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-3000 thyroid gland biopsy biopsy of thyroid gland Removal of tissue from the tongue. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-3001 tongue biopsy biopsy of tongue Removal of tissue from the tonsil. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-3002 tonsil biopsy biopsy of tonsil Removal of tissue from the trachea. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-3003 trachea biopsy biopsy of trachea Removal of tissue from the upper digestive tract. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-3004 upper digestive tract biopsy biopsy of upper digestive tract Removal of tissue from the upper respiratory tract. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-3005 upper respiratory tract biopsy biopsy of upper respiratory tract Removal of tissue from the ureter. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-3006 ureter biopsy biopsy of ureter Removal of tissue from the urethra. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-3007 urethra biopsy biopsy of urethra Removal of tissue from the urinary bladder. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-3008 urinary bladder biopsy biopsy of urinary bladder Removal of tissue from the uterine cervix. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-3009 uterine cervix biopsy biopsy of uterine cervix Removal of tissue from the vagina. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-3010 vagina biopsy biopsy of vagina Removal of tissue from the vermiform appendix. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-3011 vermiform appendix biopsy biopsy of vermiform appendix Removal of tissue from the zone of skin. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-3012 zone of skin biopsy skin biopsy Imaging that uses radiofrequency waves and a strong magnetic field rather than x-rays to provide amazingly clear and detailed pictures of internal organs and tissues. The technique is valuable for the diagnosis of many pathologic conditions, including cancer, heart and vascular disease, stroke, and joint and musculoskeletal disorders. 2019-04-26T17:25:14Z NCIT:C16809 MRI scan for therapeutics NMRI nuclear magnetic resonance imaging for medical therapy therapeutic MRI medical magnetic resonance imaging procedure Imaging that uses radiofrequency waves and a strong magnetic field rather than x-rays to provide amazingly clear and detailed pictures of internal organs and tissues. The technique is valuable for the diagnosis of many pathologic conditions, including cancer, heart and vascular disease, stroke, and joint and musculoskeletal disorders. NCIT:C16809 MRI scan for therapeutics NMRI therapeutic MRI Magnetic resonance imaging of the head. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the head head MRI head magnetic resonance imaging MRI of the head Magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen abdomen MRI abdomen magnetic resonance imaging MRI of the abdomen Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the brain brain MRI brain magnetic resonance imaging MRI of the brain Magnetic resonance imaging of the chest. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the chest chest MRI chest magnetic resonance imaging MRI of the chest Radiation therapy in which high-energy beams are delivered to the tumor from outside of the body. 2019-04-26T19:28:21Z NCIT:C15751 EBRT external beam RT external beam radiotherapeutics external beam radiotherapy external-beam radiation External radiation therapy external beam radiation therapy Radiation therapy in which high-energy beams are delivered to the tumor from outside of the body. NCIT:C15751 EBRT external beam RT A type of radiation therapy in which radioactive material is placed inside the body, into a tumor or body cavity. 2019-04-26T19:28:57Z NCIT:C15195 Brachytherapy Internal radiation brachytherapy internal radiation radiation brachytherapy internal radiation therapy A type of radiation therapy in which radioactive material is placed inside the body, into a tumor or body cavity. NCIT:C15195 Magnetic resonance imaging of the breast. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the breast breast MRI breast magnetic resonance imaging MRI of the breast Use of an organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic that contains a beta-lactam ring. 2019-08-29T18:00:40Z beta-lactams therapy CHEBI:27933 beta-lactam antibacterial drug therapy beta-lactam antibacterial drug treatment beta-lactam antibiotic agent therapy treatment with a beta-lactam antibacterial drug treatment with a beta-lactam antibacterial medication treatment with a beta-lactam antibacterial therapy treatment with a beta-lactam antibiotic agent treatment with a beta-lactam antibiotic drug treatment with a beta-lactam antibiotic medication treatment with a beta-lactam antibiotic therapy beta-lactam antibacterial agent therapy Treatment with a pharmaceutical agent that inhibits the movement of calcium across through calcium channels in the cell membrane, preventing or decreasing the amount of calcium able to enter the cell. These drugs are used for their chronotropic, antihypertensive and vasodilatory effects. 2019-09-27T19:41:29Z CHEBI:38215 NCIT:C333 Ca2+ channel antagonist therapy Ca2+ channel blocker therapy calcium channel antagonist drug therapy calcium channel antagonist therapy calcium channel blocker drug therapy treatment with calcium channel blocker drug treatment with calcium channel blocker medication treatment with calcium channel blocking drug treatment with calcium channel blocking medication One of a class of drugs that acts by selective inhibition of calcium influx through cell membranes or on the release and binding of calcium in intracellular pools. calcium channel blocking agent therapy Ca2+ channel antagonist therapy Ca2+ channel blocker therapy One of a class of drugs that acts by selective inhibition of calcium influx through cell membranes or on the release and binding of calcium in intracellular pools. CHEBI:38215 Treatment with a drug that inhibits the action of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. 2019-10-01T19:23:17Z CHEBI:60643 N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist therapy NMDA receptor antagonist drug treatment NMDA receptor antagonist treatment NMDA receptor blocker therapy treatment with NMDA blockade drug treatment with NMDA blockade medication treatment with NMDA blockade therapy treatment with NMDA blockers treatment with NMDA receptor antagonist They tend to induce a state known as dissociative anesthesia, marked by catalepsy, amnesia, and analgesia, while side effects can include hallucinations, nightmares, and confusion. Due to their psychotomimetic effects, many NMDA receptor antagonists are used as recreational drugs. NMDA receptor antagonist therapy They tend to induce a state known as dissociative anesthesia, marked by catalepsy, amnesia, and analgesia, while side effects can include hallucinations, nightmares, and confusion. Due to their psychotomimetic effects, many NMDA receptor antagonists are used as recreational drugs. CHEBI:60643 Use of medication for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). 2019-10-02T15:59:55Z ADHD drug therapy ADHD drug treatment Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder drug therapy Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder drug treatment drug therapy for ADHD ADHD agent therapy Use of medication for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 Use of stimulant medication (usually amphetamines) for treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). 2019-10-02T16:01:46Z stimulant ADHD drug treatment stimulant Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder agent therapy stimulant Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder drug treatment stimulant drug therapy for ADHD stimulant drug treatment for ADHD stimulant ADHD agent therapy Use of stimulant medication (usually amphetamines) for treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 Treatment with a medication that increases the extracellular level of the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) by inhibiting its reuptake into the presynaptic cell. 2019-10-02T18:41:07Z CHEBI:50949 NCIT:C94725 SSRI drug therapy SSRI drug treatment selective serotonin reuptake inhbitor drug treatment selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor drug therapy treatment with SSRI treatment with SSRI agent treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor agent treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor drug treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor medication Any agent that increases the extracellular level of the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) by inhibiting its reuptake into the presynaptic cell. Increased level in the synaptic cleft prolongs the action of 5-HT on the postsynaptic receptor. This type of agent is typically used as an antidepressant and in the treatment of anxiety disorders and some personality disorders. They are also typically effective and used in treating some cases of insomnia. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor agent therapy Treatment with a medication that increases the extracellular level of the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) by inhibiting its reuptake into the presynaptic cell. NCIT:C94725 Any agent that increases the extracellular level of the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) by inhibiting its reuptake into the presynaptic cell. Increased level in the synaptic cleft prolongs the action of 5-HT on the postsynaptic receptor. This type of agent is typically used as an antidepressant and in the treatment of anxiety disorders and some personality disorders. They are also typically effective and used in treating some cases of insomnia. NCIT:C94725 Treatment with colony-stimulating factors (CSF) can help the blood-forming tissue recover from the effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. These factors include interleukin-3 (IL-3), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). 2019-10-08T17:41:54Z NCIT:C387 CSF agent therapy recombinant colony stimulating factor drug therapy recombinant colony-stimulating factor treatment recombinant hematopoietic colony-stimulating factor drug treatment colony stimulating factor agent therapy Treatment with colony-stimulating factors (CSF) can help the blood-forming tissue recover from the effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. These factors include interleukin-3 (IL-3), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). NCIT:C387 CSF agent therapy 2019-10-08T18:06:31Z NCIT:C1287 G-CSF treatment granulocyte-colony stimulating factor treatment therapy recombinant colony-stimulating factor 3 treatment therapy recombinant granulocyte colony stimulating factor agent therapy recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor drug treatment rhG-CSF therapy granulocyte colony stimulating factor agent therapy G-CSF treatment rhG-CSF therapy 2019-10-08T18:37:29Z erythropoietin modulating treatment erythropoietin regulating agent therapy Use of a recombinant therapeutic agent which is chemically identical to or similar to the endogenous glycoprotein erythropoietin (Epo). Epo promotes the differentiation and maturation of hematopoietic progenitors into erythrocytes; is a mitogen and a chemoattractant for endothelial cells; stimulates activated and differentiated B-cells and enhances B-cell immunoglobulin production and proliferation; and is hypoxia-inducible. 2019-10-08T18:38:34Z erythrocyte colony stimulating factor agent therapy erythropoietin therapy CHEBI:81579 NCIT:C477 ESA therapy hematopoietin treatment therapy recombinant EPO treatment recombinant erythropoietin drug therapy recombinant erythropoietin treatment treatment with erythropoietin stimulating agent treatment with erythropoietin stimulating medication erythropoietin stimulating agent therapy ESA therapy recombinant EPO treatment Use of a drug that inhibits erythropoietin, a glycoprotein hormone that controls erythropoiesis (red blood cell production). 2019-10-08T18:49:31Z CHEBI:91025 EPO inhibitor agent therapy EPO inhibitor drug treatment erythropoietin inhibitor drug treatment erythropoietin inhibitor agent therapy EPO inhibitor agent therapy EPO inhibitor drug treatment A drug that prevent fibrinolysis or lysis of a blood clot or thrombus. 2019-10-08T19:21:34Z CHEBI:48675 antifibrinolytic drug treatment antifibrinolytic agent therapy A drug that prevent fibrinolysis or lysis of a blood clot or thrombus. CHEBI:48675 A synthetic analogue of vasopressin in which 3-mercaptopropionic acid replaces the cysteine residue at position 1 and D-arginine replaces the residue at position 8. An antidiuretic, it increases urine concentration and decreases urine production, and is used (usually as the trihydrate of the acetic acid salt) to prevent and control excessive thirst, urination, and dehydration caused by injury, surgery, and certain medical conditions. It is also used in the diagnosis and treatment of cranial diabetes insipidus and in tests of renal function. 2019-10-08T19:26:15Z CHEBI:4450 NCIT:C61701 1-(3-mercaptopropionic acid)-8-D-arginine-vasopressin, 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin drug treatment 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin agent therapy 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin agent therapy DDAVP agent therapy desmopresina agent therapy desmopressin drug treatment desmopressine agent therapy desmopressinum agent therapy desmopressin agent therapy A synthetic analogue of vasopressin in which 3-mercaptopropionic acid replaces the cysteine residue at position 1 and D-arginine replaces the residue at position 8. An antidiuretic, it increases urine concentration and decreases urine production, and is used (usually as the trihydrate of the acetic acid salt) to prevent and control excessive thirst, urination, and dehydration caused by injury, surgery, and certain medical conditions. It is also used in the diagnosis and treatment of cranial diabetes insipidus and in tests of renal function. CHEBI:4450 The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of a structure or organ. 2019-12-27T17:21:50Z excision NCIT:C15232 abscission surgical removal surgical excision Surgical removal (cutting out or off) without replacement of all of a body part or structure. 2019-12-27T17:45:26Z resection surgical resection Taking or cutting out solid matter from a body part. The solid matter contained in the definition may be an abnormal byproduct of a biological function or a foreign body. It may be imbedded in a body part, or in the lumen of a tubular body part. The solid matter may or may not have been previously broken into pieces. 2020-01-02T19:00:34Z extirpation surgical extirpation Taking or cutting out solid matter from a body part. The solid matter contained in the definition may be an abnormal byproduct of a biological function or a foreign body. It may be imbedded in a body part, or in the lumen of a tubular body part. The solid matter may or may not have been previously broken into pieces. ICD-10-PCS A surgical procedure by which tissue or an organ (usually containing a tumor) is removed without rupture from a specific anatomic site. 2020-01-06T16:44:59Z enucleation surgical enucleation A surgical procedure by which tissue or an organ (usually containing a tumor) is removed without rupture from a specific anatomic site. NCIT:C48601 A surgical procedure that places something in the human body. 2020-01-06T18:21:08Z NCIT:C51982 implantation A surgical procedure that places something in the human body. NCIT:C51982 The removal of material from the surface of an object by vaporization, chipping, or other erosive process. 2020-01-06T19:26:24Z NCIT:C20985 https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-370610-2.50011-8 ablation therapy The removal of material from the surface of an object by vaporization, chipping, or other erosive process. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-370610-2.50011-8 Removal, separation, detachment, extirpation, or eradication of a body part, pathway, or function by light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. 2020-01-06T19:30:40Z NCIT:C111241 photoablation therapy laser ablation therapy Removal, separation, detachment, extirpation, or eradication of a body part, pathway, or function by light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. NCIT:C111241 Removal, separation, detachment, extirpation, or eradication of a body part, pathway, or function by chemical means. 2020-01-06T19:35:01Z NCIT:C111157 chemical ablation Removal, separation, detachment, extirpation, or eradication of a body part, pathway, or function by chemical means. NCIT:C111157 The use of extreme cold to damage or destroy a body part, pathway, or function. The procedure is performed using small cryogenic probes during surgery, and has recently been applied to solitary sporadic renal tumor lesions. 2020-01-06T19:45:30Z NCIT:C15215 cryoablation therapy cryosurgical ablation therapy cryosurgery The use of extreme cold to damage or destroy a body part, pathway, or function. The procedure is performed using small cryogenic probes during surgery, and has recently been applied to solitary sporadic renal tumor lesions. NCIT:C15215 Thermal ablation refers to the destruction of tissue by extreme hyperthermia or hypothermia. 2020-01-06T19:50:11Z NCIT:C15670 thermal ablation therapy Thermal ablation refers to the destruction of tissue by extreme hyperthermia or hypothermia. NCIT:C15670 2020-01-08T17:26:31Z pain management Hydrotherapy is the external or internal use of water in any of its forms (water, ice, steam) for health promotion or treatment of various diseases with various temperatures, pressure, duration, and site. 2020-01-08T17:32:42Z OMIT:0008013 PMID:24926444 hydropathy hydrotherapy treatment water therapy water cure hydrotherapy Hydrotherapy is the external or internal use of water in any of its forms (water, ice, steam) for health promotion or treatment of various diseases with various temperatures, pressure, duration, and site. PMID:24926444 Thermal hydrotherapy uses external or internal use of water in any of its forms (water, ice, steam) at temperatures above or below room temperature for health promotion or treatment of various diseases with various temperatures, pressure, duration, and site. 2020-01-08T17:39:29Z hydro-thermal therapy hydrothermal therapy thermal water therapy bathing in thermal waters thermal hydrotherapy Washing out a hollow organ by flushing with a fluid. 2020-01-08T17:42:19Z NCIT:C38068 OMIT:0008013 lavage therapeutic irrigation Washing out a hollow organ by flushing with a fluid. NCIT:C38068 Therapy where a substantial part of the body is immersed in warm water to produce a variety of therapeutic effects. 2020-01-08T18:05:56Z hot bath therapy warm water bath therapy hyperthermic immersion therapy warm water shower therapy warm water immersion therapy Therapy where a substantial part of the body is immersed in warm water to produce a variety of therapeutic effects. PMID:24926444 Therapy where a substantial part of the body is immersed in cold water to produce a variety of therapeutic effects. 2020-01-08T18:06:06Z CWI therapy ice bath therapy cold water immersion therapy CWI therapy A form of treatment where a limb or significant portion of the body is immersed in hot water immediately followed by the immersion into cold water. This procedure is repeated several times. 2020-01-08T18:06:31Z contrast water therapy 2020-01-08T18:07:42Z aquatic exercise therapy A minimally-invasive procedure that permits sampling of breast ductal fluids for cytopathologic analysis. 2020-01-08T19:03:16Z NCIT:C51969 breast duct lavage A minimally-invasive procedure that permits sampling of breast ductal fluids for cytopathologic analysis. NCIT:C51969 Washing out the bronchi and alveoli by flushing with a fluid. 2020-01-08T19:03:33Z NCIT:C51913 bronchoaveolar lavage Washing out the bronchi and alveoli by flushing with a fluid. NCIT:C51913 A minimally invasive procedure that permits sampling of peritoneal fluid for cytopathologic analysis. 2020-01-08T19:03:46Z NCIT:C159340 peritoneal washing peritoneal lavage A minimally invasive procedure that permits sampling of peritoneal fluid for cytopathologic analysis. NCIT:C159340 The process in which the nasal cavity is washed to flush out mucus and debrise from the nose and sinuses with water or saline. 2020-01-08T19:04:02Z nasal irrigation nasal washing nasal lavage Avoid the administration or use of therapeutic procedure. 2020-01-12T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 avoid therapeutic procedure avoiding therapeutic procedure therapeutic procedure avoidance Avoid the administration or use of diagnostic procedure. 2020-01-12T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 avoid diagnostic procedure avoiding diagnostic procedure diagnostic procedure avoidance Avoid the administration or use of preventative therapeutics. 2020-01-12T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 avoid preventative therapeutics avoiding preventative therapeutics preventative therapeutics avoidance The implantation of a piece of mechanical or electronic equipment that is useful for prevention, diagnosis, monitoring, or treatment of disease or other conditions. 2020-01-20T14:58:18Z ERO:0001092 NCIT:C16830 implantation of a medical device medical instrument implantation medical machine implantation medical device implantation Implantation of a battery-powered device that is placed under the skin (typically in the left upper chest) with electrode wires that lead into the heart (typically lodging in the apex or septum of the right ventricle). The device can detect abnormal heart rhythms and deliver low-energy or high-energy shocks to interrupt malignant arrhythmia and thereby prevent sudden death. 2020-01-20T16:54:00Z NCIt:C93238 UMLS_CUI:C0162589 ICD placement automated implantable cardioverter defibrillator placement implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation implantable cardioverter-defibrillator placement ICD placement The resection or complete surgical removal of a nerve. 2020-01-20T17:09:07Z surgical denervation Left cardiac sympathetic denervation (LCSD) is a surgical antiadrenergic intervention with a strong antiarrhythmic effect. LCSD consists in the removal of the left thoracic sympathetic chain and paravertebral ganglia from T1 to T4. 2020-01-20T17:11:04Z PMID:30972341 LCSD left cardiac sympathetic denervation Left cardiac sympathetic denervation (LCSD) is a surgical antiadrenergic intervention with a strong antiarrhythmic effect. LCSD consists in the removal of the left thoracic sympathetic chain and paravertebral ganglia from T1 to T4. PMID:30972341 LCSD 2020-01-20T17:50:35Z MeSH:D019637 Any procedure relating to the branch of medicine dealing with the correction of deformities of bones or muscles. orthopaedic procedure orthopedic procedure Any consultation with an orthopedics professional relating the correction of deformities of bones or muscles. 2020-01-20T17:50:52Z orthopaedic consult orthopedic consult orthopedic consultation A surgical procedure to treat and correct deformities, diseases, and injuries to the skeletal system, its articulations, and associated structures. 2020-01-20T17:51:02Z NCIT:C16186 orthopedic surgical procedure orthopedic surgery A surgical procedure to treat and correct deformities, diseases, and injuries to the skeletal system, its articulations, and associated structures. NCIT:C16186 obsolete orthopedic consultation false Orthotic services provide prescription insoles, braces, splints, callipers, footwear, spinal jackets and helmets which help people recover from or avoid injury, or live with lifelong conditions. 2020-01-20T18:01:00Z orthotic services The recommendation of the use of an orthosis or multiple orthoses, which are externally applied device used to modify the structural and functional characteristics of the neuromuscular and skeletal system. 2020-01-20T18:02:48Z PMID:26835739 orthoses usage orthotic device usage The recommendation of the use of an orthosis or multiple orthoses, which are externally applied device used to modify the structural and functional characteristics of the neuromuscular and skeletal system. PMID:26835739 A procedure whereby, upon request by one healthcare provider, another healthcare provider reviews a patient's medical history, examines the patient, and makes recommendations as to care and treatment. 2020-01-20T18:30:15Z medical professional consultation Increase in the longest dimension of a bone to correct anatomical deficiencies, congenital, traumatic, or as a result of disease. The lengthening is not restricted to long bones. The usual surgical methods are internal fixation and distraction. 2020-01-21T19:47:30Z MeSH:D001852 OMIT:0003210 limb lengthening procedure leg lengthening bone lengthening procedure Increase in the longest dimension of a bone to correct anatomical deficiencies, congenital, traumatic, or as a result of disease. The lengthening is not restricted to long bones. The usual surgical methods are internal fixation and distraction. MeSH:D001852 A bone fixation technique using an external fixator for lengthening limbs, correcting pseudarthroses and other deformities, and assisting the healing of otherwise hopeless traumatic or pathological fractures and infections, such as chronic osteomyelitis. 2020-01-21T19:52:10Z MeSH:D018889 Ilizarov technique Ilizarov procedure A bone fixation technique using an external fixator for lengthening limbs, correcting pseudarthroses and other deformities, and assisting the healing of otherwise hopeless traumatic or pathological fractures and infections, such as chronic osteomyelitis. MeSH:D018889 Bone lengthening by gradual mechanical distraction. An external fixation device produces the distraction across the bone plate. The technique was originally applied to long bones but in recent years the method has been adapted for use with mandibular implants in maxillofacial surgery. 2020-01-21T20:01:15Z MeSH:D019857 distraction osteogenesis Bone lengthening by gradual mechanical distraction. An external fixation device produces the distraction across the bone plate. The technique was originally applied to long bones but in recent years the method has been adapted for use with mandibular implants in maxillofacial surgery. MeSH:D019857 A measurement performed in a clinical setting using clinician's observations and instrument data to inform patient care and research. 2020-01-21T20:29:43Z CMO:0000000 PMID:2647562 clinical assessment clinical measurement A measurement performed in a clinical setting using clinician's observations and instrument data to inform patient care and research. PMID:2647562 An assessment of body temperature. 2020-01-21T20:35:51Z CMO:0000015 GeneReviews:NBK331 body temperature measurement The act of assessing an individual's current temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, pulse oxygenation, and blood pressure. 2020-01-21T20:43:33Z NCIT:C49672 VSTEST vital signs measurement The act of assessing an individual's current temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, pulse oxygenation, and blood pressure. NCIT:C49672 VSTEST An assessment of the number of heartbeats per unit time, usually expressed as beats per minute. 2020-01-21T20:47:05Z CMO:0000002 NCIT:C49677 HR measurement heart rate measurement HR measurement Assessment and recording of arterial pulses in any of a number of locations. The observer should note its intensity, rate, rhythm, and if any blood vessel tenderness, tortuosity, or nodularity exists. 2020-01-21T20:59:19Z GeneReveiws:NBK350 pulse assessment The rate of breathing (inhalation and exhalation) measured within in a unit time, usually expressed as breaths per minute. 2020-01-21T21:04:00Z CMO:0000289 NCIT:C49678 respiratory rate assessment The rate of breathing (inhalation and exhalation) measured within in a unit time, usually expressed as breaths per minute. NCIT:C49678 Procedure to evaluate the structure and/or function of the cardiovascular system. 2020-01-21T21:09:50Z CMO:0000001 NCIT:C100084 cardiovascular measurement cardiovascular diagnostic procedure Measurement of the pressure on the walls of the vessels as blood moves around the body. Systolic blood pressure is the pressure when the heart beats – while the heart muscle is contracting (squeezing) and pumping oxygen-rich blood into the blood vessels. Diastolic blood pressure is the pressure on the blood vessels when the heart muscle relaxes. The diastolic pressure is always lower than the systolic pressure. 2020-01-21T21:13:22Z CMO:0000003 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279251 blood pressure assessment blood pressure monitoring blood pressure measurement Monitoring blood pressure with a sphygmomanometer and a stethoscope to hear blood flow. 2020-01-22T15:29:56Z MMO:0000055 NCIT:C69318 PMID:20937442 VSO:0000001 ausculatory sphygmomanometer blood pressure measurement auscultatory blood pressure measurement process auscultatory blood pressure monitoring Although the auscultatory method using mercury sphygmomanometer is regarded as the ‘gold standard’ for office blood pressure measurement, widespread implementation of the ban in use of mercury sphygmomanometers continues to diminish the role of this technique. auscultatory blood pressure measurement Although the auscultatory method using mercury sphygmomanometer is regarded as the ‘gold standard’ for office blood pressure measurement, widespread implementation of the ban in use of mercury sphygmomanometers continues to diminish the role of this technique. PMID:20937442 2020-01-22T20:49:15Z NCIT:C69319 PMID:20937442 VSO:0000026 A blood pressure measurement using a sphygmomanometer and an electronic pressure sensor (transducer) that detects blood flow by the presence of ocillations in the cuff pressure. oscillometric blood pressure measurement A method for monitoring blood pressure without requiring instruments introduced into the body. 2020-01-22T21:01:49Z NCIT:C69319 PMID:20937442 VSO:0000024 non-invasive blood presure measurement noninvasive blood pressure measurement An intra-arterial method of monitoring blood pressure. 2020-01-22T21:18:39Z VSO:0000023 invasive blood pressure measurement Any form of treatment that acts to improve or assist with respiratory function. 2020-01-23T15:55:17Z NCIT:C15322 respiratory therapy Any form of treatment that acts to improve or assist with respiratory function. NCIT:C15322 A set of maneuvers or medical procedures performed to prevent and relieve airway obstruction. This ensures an open pathway for gas exchange between a patient's lungs and the atmosphere. 2020-01-23T15:56:57Z MeSH:D058109 airway management A set of maneuvers or medical procedures performed to prevent and relieve airway obstruction. This ensures an open pathway for gas exchange between a patient's lungs and the atmosphere. PMID:18675024 Removal of an endotracheal tube from the patient. 2020-01-23T16:07:45Z MeSH:D060666 NCIT:C50819 airway extubation tracheal extubation endotracheal extubation Removal of an endotracheal tube from the patient. MeSH:D060666 A procedure involving placement of a tube into the trachea through the mouth or nose in order to provide a patient with oxygen and anesthesia. 2020-01-23T16:16:19Z MeSH:D007442 NCIT:C116648 airway intubation intratracheal intubation tracheal intubation endotracheal intubation A procedure involving placement of a tube into the trachea through the mouth or nose in order to provide a patient with oxygen and anesthesia. MeSH:D007442 Any method of artificial breathing that employs mechanical or non-mechanical means to force the air into and out of the lungs. Artificial respiration or ventilation is used in individuals who have stopped breathing or have respiratory insufficiency to increase their intake of oxygen (O2) and excretion of carbon dioxide (CO2). 2020-01-23T16:34:17Z artificial ventilation mechanical ventilation artificial respiration Surgical formation of an opening into the trachea through the neck, or the opening so created. 2020-01-23T16:48:07Z Tracheostomy and tracheotomy are sometimes used interchangeably, but tracheotomy is simply a surgical incision of the trachea. tracheostomy Surgical formation of an opening into the trachea through the neck, or the opening so created. MeSH:D014139 Tracheostomy and tracheotomy are sometimes used interchangeably, but tracheotomy is simply a surgical incision of the trachea. MeSH:D014140 A manual method for maintaining oxygenation using a mask. 2020-01-23T17:41:09Z bag-mask ventilation mask ventilation Techniques for administering artificial respiration without the need for intratracheal intubation. 2020-01-23T17:52:50Z MeSH:D063087 non-invasive ventilation noninvasive ventilation Techniques for administering artificial respiration without the need for intratracheal intubation. MeSH:D063087 Ventilatory support system using frequencies from 60-900 cycles/min or more. Three types of systems have been distinguished on the basis of rates, volumes, and the system used. 2020-01-23T17:57:32Z MeSH:D006612 high frequency oscillation ventilation high frequency positive pressure ventilation high-frequency ventilation Ventilatory support system using frequencies from 60-900 cycles/min or more. Three types of systems have been distinguished on the basis of rates, volumes, and the system used. MeSH:D006612 A technique of mechanical ventilation in which the lungs are insufflated with an oxygenated perfluorochemical liquid rather than an oxygen-containing gas mixture. 2020-01-23T18:01:24Z MeSH:D021061 liquid-assisted ventilation liquid ventilation A technique of mechanical ventilation in which the lungs are insufflated with an oxygenated perfluorochemical liquid rather than an oxygen-containing gas mixture. PMID:22043370 A method of mechanical ventilation in which pressure is maintained to increase the volume of gas remaining in the lungs at the end of expiration, thus reducing the shunting of blood through the lungs and improving gas exchange. 2020-01-23T18:06:14Z MeSH:D011175 positive control ventilation positive controlled respiration positive end expiratory pressure technique positive pressure respiration positive pressure ventilation positive-controlled ventilation positive-pressure respiration positive-pressure ventilation positive controlled ventilation A method of mechanical ventilation in which pressure is maintained to increase the volume of gas remaining in the lungs at the end of expiration, thus reducing the shunting of blood through the lungs and improving gas exchange. MeSH:D011175 Assisted ventilation by applying intermittent subatmospheric pressure around the thorax, abdomen, or airway and periodically expand the chest wall and inflate the lungs. 2020-01-23T18:22:46Z iron lung ventilation portalung ventilation MeSH:D015919 negative-pressure ventilation negative-pressure respiration A form of non-invasive mechanical pressure support ventilation that uses a time-cycled change of the applied positive airway pressure level to support spontaneous breathing activity. 2020-01-23T18:27:45Z MeSH:D007385 NCIT:C124039 BiPAP ventilation biphasic positive airway pressure ventilation bilevel positive airway pressure ventilation A form of non-invasive mechanical pressure support ventilation that uses a time-cycled change of the applied positive airway pressure level to support spontaneous breathing activity. NCIT:C124039 BiPAP ventilation A form of non-invasive mechanical pressure support ventilation that uses a continuous positive airway pressure level to support spontaneous breathing activity. 2020-01-23T18:31:36Z MeSH:D045422 NCIT:C124040 CPAP ventilation nCPAP ventilation nasal continuous positive airway pressure ventilation continuous positive airway pressure ventilation A form of non-invasive mechanical pressure support ventilation that uses a continuous positive airway pressure level to support spontaneous breathing activity. NCIT:C124040 CPAP ventilation nCPAP ventilation A rehabilitation therapy for removal of copious mucus secretion from the lung of patients with diseases. The patient's head is placed in a downward incline (so the trachea is inferior to the affected area) for 15 to 20 minute sessions. 2020-01-23T19:45:07Z MeSH:D015916 postural respiratory drainage pulmonary postural drainage postural drainage A respiratory support system used to remove mucus and clear airway by oscillating pressure on the chest. 2020-01-23T20:18:02Z MeSH:D035641 external chest wall oscillation high-frequency chest compression high-frequency chest wall oscillation chest wall oscillation A respiratory support system used to remove mucus and clear airway by oscillating pressure on the chest. MeSH:D035641 Application of a life support system that circulates the blood through an oxygenating system, which may consist of a pump, a membrane oxygenator, and a heat exchanger. 2020-01-23T20:23:16Z MeSH:D015199 ECLS treatment ECMO treatment extracorporeal life support extracorporeal membrane oxygenation Application of a life support system that circulates the blood through an oxygenating system, which may consist of a pump, a membrane oxygenator, and a heat exchanger. MeSH:D015199 ECLS treatment ECMO treatment Chest physical therapy (CPT or Chest PT) is an airway clearance technique (ACT) to drain the lungs, and may include percussion (clapping), vibration, deep breathing, and huffing or coughing. 2020-01-23T20:32:18Z CPT Chest PT chest physical therapy chest physiotherapy The insertion of a cannula or tube into a hollow body organ. 2020-01-23T20:44:41Z ERO:0001108 MeSH:D007440 NCIT:C37981 intubation procedure The insertion of a cannula or tube into a hollow body organ. NCIT:C37981 The removal of a previously inserted tube from a hollow organ or passageway, often from the airway. 2020-01-23T20:48:40Z NCIT:C50819 extubation procedure The removal of a previously inserted tube from a hollow organ or passageway, often from the airway. NCIT:C50819 Use of medical ultrasonography in pregnancy where sound waves are used to create a real-time visual image of the developing fetus in the uterus. Imaging can include the mother's ovaries and uterus as well. 2020-01-24T19:29:52Z obstetric sonography prenatal ultrasound procedure obstetric ultrasonography A clinical recommendation to avoid or refrain from certain behaviors in order to maintain health or ameliorate symptoms. 2020-01-29T17:35:05Z behavior avoidance for therapeutic purposes cognitive and behavioral intervention avoidance An appraisal or evaluation of a patient's condition by a clinician that is based on a physical exam, medical history, and the patient's account of symptoms. 2020-03-04T17:09:05Z NCIT:C25305 medical examination An appraisal or evaluation of a patient's condition by a clinician that is based on a physical exam, medical history, and the patient's account of symptoms. NCIT:C25305 PMID:19567008 A systemic evaluation of the body and its functions using visual inspection, palpation, percussion and auscultation. The purpose is to determine the presence or absence of physical signs of disease or abnormality for an individual's health assessment. 2020-03-04T17:45:04Z physical examination A systemic evaluation of the body and its functions using visual inspection, palpation, percussion and auscultation. The purpose is to determine the presence or absence of physical signs of disease or abnormality for an individual's health assessment. NCIT:C20989 A test or diagnostic examination to assess the health status and well being of the fetus. 2020-03-17T18:13:46Z antenatal examination prenatal exam prenatal examination NCIT:C92714 examination of the fetus fetal assessment fetal evaluation fetal exam foetal assessment foetal examination fetal examination A test or diagnostic examination to assess the health status and well being of the fetus. NCIT:C92714 Testing of fetal DNA during pregnancy to determine if the fetus has chromosomal aberrations, fetal aneuploidy, or other detectable genetic disorders. 2020-03-17T18:55:32Z fetal genetic testing foetal genetic screening prenatal genetic screening prenatal genetic testing A genetic test to whether a healthy person harbors a recessive mutation in one of their copies of a gene or genes. 2020-03-17T20:04:20Z carrier screening genetic carrier screening A test that analyzes small fragments of DNA that are circulating in a pregnant woman’s blood to determine the risk that the fetus will be born with genetic abnormalities. 2020-03-17T20:22:26Z NIPT noninvasive prenatal screening noninvasive prenatal testing NIPT A diverse set of techniques used to identify the molecular basis of genetic disease prenatally. Examples of molecular genetic tests include: genotyping to detect specific pathogenic variants; sequencing of a gene to detect pathogenic variants; amplification or hybridization methods (e.g., qPCR, array CGH, MLPA) to detect copy number variants involving one or more genes; methylation-specific techniques to detect epigenetic changes that influence gene expression; and exome and genome sequencing. 2020-03-18T19:16:15Z GeneReviews:NBK5191 prenatal molecular genetic testing A diverse set of techniques used to identify the molecular basis of genetic disease prenatally. Examples of molecular genetic tests include: genotyping to detect specific pathogenic variants; sequencing of a gene to detect pathogenic variants; amplification or hybridization methods (e.g., qPCR, array CGH, MLPA) to detect copy number variants involving one or more genes; methylation-specific techniques to detect epigenetic changes that influence gene expression; and exome and genome sequencing. GeneReviews:NBK5191 A diverse set of techniques used to identify the molecular basis of genetic disease. Examples of molecular genetic tests include: genotyping to detect specific pathogenic variants; sequencing of a gene to detect pathogenic variants; amplification or hybridization methods (e.g., qPCR, array CGH, MLPA) to detect copy number variants involving one or more genes; methylation-specific techniques to detect epigenetic changes that influence gene expression; and exome and genome sequencing. 2020-03-18T19:19:07Z molecular genetic testing A prenatal diagnostic procedure in which a small sample of amniotic fluid is removed from the uterus by a needle inserted into the abdomen. This procedure is used to detect various genetic abnormalities in the fetus and/or the sex of the fetus. 2020-03-19T19:24:04Z NCIT:C52009 amniocentisis A prenatal diagnostic procedure in which a small sample of amniotic fluid is removed from the uterus by a needle inserted into the abdomen. This procedure is used to detect various genetic abnormalities in the fetus and/or the sex of the fetus. NCIT:C52009 Procedure using suction, usually with a thin needle and syringe, to remove bodily fluid or tissue. 2020-03-19T19:39:48Z surgical aspiration procedure Procedure using suction, usually with a thin needle and syringe, to remove bodily fluid or tissue. NCIT:C15631 The biopsy of placental tissue containing the chorionic villi from the maternal uterus in early pregnancy to diagnose fetal genetic defects. 2020-03-19T19:51:26Z NCIT:C92755 CVS chorionic villus sampling The biopsy of placental tissue containing the chorionic villi from the maternal uterus in early pregnancy to diagnose fetal genetic defects. NCIT:C92755 CVS A test done during pregnancy for the presence of Gardnerella vaginalis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis, Mobiluncus, Prevotella and anaerobic bacteria. 2020-03-19T20:17:55Z NCIT:C92740 BV test bacterial vaginosis screening A test done during pregnancy for the presence of Gardnerella vaginalis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis, Mobiluncus, Prevotella and anaerobic bacteria. NCIT:C92740 BV test A test for the presence of fetal fibronectin in the cervico-vaginal area that is used to predict preterm birth. 2020-03-19T20:22:14Z NCIT:C92786 FBNCTFT fFN test fetal fibronectin test A test for the presence of fetal fibronectin in the cervico-vaginal area that is used to predict preterm birth. NCIT:C92786 FBNCTFT fFN test Screening with a swab from the vaginal and rectal areas in late pregnancy to test for the presence of Group B streptococcal infection. 2020-03-19T20:47:28Z NCIT:C92805 GBS beta-hemolytic strep culture screening broup B Beta-hemolytic streptococcus screening group B strep screening prenatal group B streptococcus screening Screening with a swab from the vaginal and rectal areas in late pregnancy to test for the presence of Group B streptococcal infection. NCIT:C92805 GBS An ultrasonic examination of the fetus in the late first trimester to measure the clear space at the back of the fetal neck to assess risk of genetic or cardiac abnormalities. 2020-03-19T21:03:16Z NCIT:C92837 NT test nuchal translucency ultrasound screen nuchal translucency screen An ultrasonic examination of the fetus in the late first trimester to measure the clear space at the back of the fetal neck to assess risk of genetic or cardiac abnormalities. NCIT:C92837 NT test A screening measurement in which the maternal blood levels of alpha-fetoprotein, unconjugated estriol, human chorionic gonadotrophin and Inhibin A are calculated. These are then evaluated in relation to the mother's age, weight and fetal gestational age. 2020-03-19T21:11:02Z NCIT:C92865 quadruple marker test quad test A screening measurement in which the maternal blood levels of alpha-fetoprotein, unconjugated estriol, human chorionic gonadotrophin and Inhibin A are calculated. These are then evaluated in relation to the mother's age, weight and fetal gestational age. NCIT:C92865 The determination of the number of eosinophils in a blood sample. 2020-03-26T19:53:41Z NCIT:C64550 EOS cell count eosinophil count The determination of the number of eosinophils in a blood sample. NCIT:C64550 EOS cell count The determination of the amount of granulocytes present in a sample. 2020-03-26T19:56:24Z NCIT:C96654 polymorphonuclear leukocyte count granulocyte count The determination of the amount of granulocytes present in a sample. NCIT:C96654 The determination of the absolute number of basophils in a blood sample. 2020-03-26T20:00:33Z NCIT:C64470 basophil cell count total basophil count basophil count The determination of the absolute number of basophils in a blood sample. NCIT:C64470 The determination of the number of lymphocytes in a blood sample. 2020-03-26T20:07:56Z NCIT:C51949 lymphocyte count The determination of the number of lymphocytes in a blood sample. NCIT:C51949 A procedure by which biological material is obtained from a subject for testing, diagnostic, treatment, or research purposes. 2020-03-27T15:53:08Z NCIT:C70700 clinical specimen collection clinical biospecimen collection A method used to collect biological material from the body. 2020-03-27T16:32:50Z swab specimen collection swab-based biospecimen collection Measuring a person's own body temperature usually at home using any of a number of types of thermometers. 2020-03-29T18:25:39Z self-reported temperature measurement at home temperature measurement self-reported fever measurement self body temperature measurement A characteristic that can be objectively measured and serves as an indicator for the inflammatory response. It could be used to indicate the normal inflammatory processes, pathogenic processes, state of health or disease, the risk for disease development and/or prognosis, or responsiveness to a particular therapeutic intervention. 2020-03-29T18:32:41Z inflammatory marker assessment inflammatory biomarker measurement Assay based assessment of a serum sample for detection and concentration (mg/L) C-reactive protein. 2020-03-29T18:33:44Z CRP measurement C-reactive protein (CRP) measurement is a measurement of the level of C-reactive protein in the blood. Levels are known to rise in response to inflammation, CRP is therefore used as a clinical measure of inflammation. The measurement is used in the process of clinical diagnosis as high levels of CRP are associated with cardiovascular disease, diabetes and hypertension and in some cancers. C-reactive protein biomarker assessment Assay based assessment of a serum sample for detection and concentration (mg/L) C-reactive protein. PMID:11238291 CRP measurement C-reactive protein (CRP) measurement is a measurement of the level of C-reactive protein in the blood. Levels are known to rise in response to inflammation, CRP is therefore used as a clinical measure of inflammation. The measurement is used in the process of clinical diagnosis as high levels of CRP are associated with cardiovascular disease, diabetes and hypertension and in some cancers. EFO:0004458 Detection of circultating interleukin-6, which stimulates the inflammatory and auto-immune processes in many diseases. 2020-03-29T18:44:31Z IL-6 level assessment IL-6 measurement A quantification of interleukin-6, a pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine. interleukin-6 biomarker measurement IL-6 level assessment IL-6 measurement A quantification of interleukin-6, a pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine. EFO:0004810 A chemokine that can be objectively measured and serves as an indicator for the inflammatory response. 2020-03-30T15:51:58Z Cytokines are small, nonstructural proteins, including interleukins, chemokines, interferons, and tumor necrosis factors, which have a multitude of pleiotropic effects in various organs [1]. They are released in a number of paracrine, autocrine, or endocrine pathways and have been implicated in a variety of infections and immune system-affecting disorders by both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Macrophages and T lymphocytes (T-cells) are the primary producers of cytokines which may have predominantly pro-inflammatory (inflammation-promoting)(IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-6, Il-8, IL-12, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma) or anti-inflammatory (inflammation-suppressive)(IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, TGF-beta) abilities. cytokine biomarker measurement Cytokines are small, nonstructural proteins, including interleukins, chemokines, interferons, and tumor necrosis factors, which have a multitude of pleiotropic effects in various organs [1]. They are released in a number of paracrine, autocrine, or endocrine pathways and have been implicated in a variety of infections and immune system-affecting disorders by both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. PMID:28487810 Macrophages and T lymphocytes (T-cells) are the primary producers of cytokines which may have predominantly pro-inflammatory (inflammation-promoting)(IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-6, Il-8, IL-12, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma) or anti-inflammatory (inflammation-suppressive)(IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, TGF-beta) abilities. PMID:24962838 Detection of interleukin-1 beta levels, an IL-1 cytokine family protein, secreted by macrophages and a mediator of inflammatory response. 2020-03-30T16:03:54Z IL-1 beta assessment interleukin-1 beta biomarker measurement Detection of interleukin-1 alpha, a mediator of the inflammatory response. 2020-03-30T16:05:46Z IL-1 alpha assessment IL-1 alpha test interleukin-1 alpha biomarker measurement Detection of interleukin-2, a mediator of inflammatory response. 2020-03-30T16:08:32Z IL-2 level assessment IL-2 test interleukin-2 biomarker measurement Detection of interleukin-8 levels, a mediator of inflammatory response. 2020-03-30T16:09:36Z IL-8 level assessment IL-8 test interleukin-8 biomarker measurement Detection of interleukin-12 levels, an inflammatory cytokine. 2020-03-30T16:24:01Z IL-12 assessment IL-12 level test interleukin-12 biomarker measurement 2020-03-30T16:28:04Z Detection of TNF-alpha levels, a cytokine involved in systemic inflamation. TNF-alpha assessment TNF-alpha level test tumor necrosis factor-alpha biomarker measurement Detection of interferon-gamma, a cytokine that indicates an inflammatory response. 2020-03-30T16:31:18Z INF-gamma assessment INF-gamma levels test interferon-gamma biomarker measurement Detection of interleukin-4, a cytokine identified as a inflammation suppressant. 2020-03-30T18:59:24Z IL-4 measurement IL-4 test IL4 assessment interleukin-4 biomarker measurement Detection of interleukin-5, a cytokine identified as a inflammation suppressant. 2020-03-30T19:04:15Z IL-5 measurement IL-5 test IL5 assessment interleukin-5 biomarker measurement Detection of interleukin-10, a cytokine identified as a inflammation suppressant. 2020-03-30T19:05:58Z IL-10 measurement IL-10 test IL10 assessment Interleukin-10 biomarker measurement Detection of itumor necrosis factor-beta (TNF-beta), a cytokine identified as a inflammation suppressant. 2020-03-30T19:07:19Z TNF-beta measurement TNF-beta test TNFbeta assessment tumor necrosis factor-beta biomarker measurement Detection of serum levels of amyloid A (SAA) in response to inflamation. 2020-03-30T19:37:28Z SAA biomarker measurement serum amyloid A biomarker measurement A clinical laboratory test designed for the quantification of an organic or inorganic chemical within a biological specimen required for diagnostics or monitoring of treatments. 2020-03-30T19:49:21Z NCIT:C49237 clincal chemistry test clinical chemistry measurements A quantitative measurement for assessing the amount of glucose present in a blood sample. 2020-03-30T19:58:59Z NCIT:C92744 blood glucose assessment blood glucose test blood surgar test blood glucose measurement A quantitative measurement for assessing the amount of glucose present in a blood sample. NCIT:C92744 Glucose Plasma Concentration (GPC) measurement is an essential diagnostic modality for different types of carbohydrate metabolism derangements including diabetes mellitus. 2020-03-30T20:02:19Z NCIT:C41376 Glucose Plasma Concentration (GPC) measurement is an essential diagnostic modality for different types of carbohydrate metabolism derangements including diabetes mellitus. The disordered carbohydrate metabolism that underlies diabetes manifests as hyperglycemia. Plasma glucose concentrations in healthy individuals vary with age. Normal fasting plasma glucose intervals (in the morning after an overnight fast) in children are 3.3 - 5.6 mmol/L (60-100 mg/dL); adult range - 4.1- 5.9 mmol/L (74-106 mg/dL). GPCs are approximately 11% higher than whole blood if the hematocrit is normal. Glucose concentrations in heparinized plasma are reported to be 5% lower than in serum. plasma glucose measurement Glucose Plasma Concentration (GPC) measurement is an essential diagnostic modality for different types of carbohydrate metabolism derangements including diabetes mellitus. The disordered carbohydrate metabolism that underlies diabetes manifests as hyperglycemia. Plasma glucose concentrations in healthy individuals vary with age. Normal fasting plasma glucose intervals (in the morning after an overnight fast) in children are 3.3 - 5.6 mmol/L (60-100 mg/dL); adult range - 4.1- 5.9 mmol/L (74-106 mg/dL). GPCs are approximately 11% higher than whole blood if the hematocrit is normal. Glucose concentrations in heparinized plasma are reported to be 5% lower than in serum. NCIT:C41376 A quantitative measurement of the amount of glucose present in a sample of blood, obtained from a source that has abstained from nutrition, typically at least 8 hours prior to the sample collection time. 2020-03-30T20:05:54Z NCIT:C80400 FBS measurement fasting blood sugar measurement test gasting blood glucose assessment fasting blood glucose measurement A quantitative measurement of the amount of glucose present in a sample of blood, obtained from a source that has abstained from nutrition, typically at least 8 hours prior to the sample collection time. NCIT:C80400 A technique to collect sputum by inhaling hypertonic saline through an oxygen mask in order to induce sputum. 2020-03-30T20:17:26Z induced sputum collection A technique to collect sputum by inhaling hypertonic saline through an oxygen mask in order to induce sputum. PMID:32171389 A method of examining structures within the body by scanning them with X rays and using a computer to construct a series of cross-sectional scans along a single axis. 2020-03-30T20:32:28Z NCIT:C17204 CAT scan CT CT scan computerized axial tomography computed tomography procedure A method of examining structures within the body by scanning them with X rays and using a computer to construct a series of cross-sectional scans along a single axis. NCIT:C17204 Use of a drug that lower the level of glucose in the blood. 2020-03-31T00:42:37Z CHEBI:35526 hypoglycaemic drug therapy hypoglycemic drug therapy treatment with hypoglycemic agent treatment with hypoglycemic drug treatment with hypoglycemic medication hypoglycemic agent therapy Treatment of retroviral infections with medications that target the virus directly, limiting the ability of infected cells to produce new virus particles. 2020-03-31T00:49:23Z NCIT:C94631 ART anti-retroviral therapy treatment with an anti-retroviral medication treatment with an antiretroviral drug treatment with an antiretroviral medication antiretroviral therapy Treatment of retroviral infections with medications that target the virus directly, limiting the ability of infected cells to produce new virus particles. NCIT:C94631 The process of gathering information regarding a person's medical history. 2020-03-31T00:59:49Z patient assessment NCIT:C146918 medical history collection medical history taking The process of gathering information regarding a person's medical history. NCIT:C146918 Determination if a patient's background or demographic characteristics makes the patient susceptible to disease. 2020-03-31T01:03:49Z patient demographic characteristics assessment Determination if patient's travel history may impact current health. 2020-03-31T01:05:10Z patient travel risk assessment A questionaire designed to determine if patient's travel history may impact current health. 2020-03-31T01:05:32Z patient travel risk questionaire Determination if the patient may have been exposed to something which would impact the health of the patient. 2020-03-31T01:11:38Z patient environmental exposure assessment A test that measures the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood. It may also be used to determine the pH of the blood. 2020-03-31T19:11:20Z NCIT:C71252 blood gas test arterial blood gas measurement pH and blood gas measurements are used to detect and monitor ventilation, oxygenation, and acid-base disturbances. blood gas measurement pH and blood gas measurements are used to detect and monitor ventilation, oxygenation, and acid-base disturbances. PMID:33371 The determination of the unmeasured anions (those other than the chloride and bicarbonate anions) present in a sample. 2020-03-31T19:16:41Z NCIT:C74685 anion gap measurement The determination of the unmeasured anions (those other than the chloride and bicarbonate anions) present in a sample. NCIT:C74685 A quantitative measurement of the amount of calcium present in a sample, usually serum or urine. 2020-03-31T19:19:43Z NCIT:C64488 calcium measurement A quantitative measurement of the amount of an electrolyte present in urine or serum. 2020-03-31T19:32:42Z NCIT:C74946 electrolyte measurement A quantitative measurement of the amount of an electrolyte present in serum. 2020-03-31T19:33:45Z electrolytes- serum test serum electrolyte measurement A quantitative measurement of the amount of an electrolyte present in urine. 2020-03-31T19:34:22Z electrolytes- urine test urine eletrolyte measurement Any laboratory procedure for growing microorganisms. 2020-03-31T20:08:52Z NCIT:C25300 microbial culture procedure Any laboratory procedure for growing microorganisms. NCIT:C25300 A type of mechanical ventilation using endotracheal intubation. 2020-03-31T20:23:41Z invasive ventilation A time-triggered, pressure-limited, inverse-ratio mode of ventilation that provides continuous distending airway pressure with intermittent release phases 2020-04-01T20:00:59Z APRV airway pressure release ventilation A time-triggered, pressure-limited, inverse-ratio mode of ventilation that provides continuous distending airway pressure with intermittent release phases PMID:29641221 APRV A technique that detects a particular nucleic acid sequence in order to identify a pathogen (organism or virus) in blood, tissue, urine, or other bodily fluids. 2020-04-02T20:59:07Z NAT nucleic acid test clinical nucleic acid test NAT A nucleic acid test that uses an amplification method to detect the pathogen. Some amplification methods include polymerase chain reaction (PCR), strand displacement assay (SDA), or transcription mediated assay (TMA). 2020-04-02T21:17:28Z NCIT:C20055 NAAT Any of various amplification and detection strategies applied to detection of virus contamination in donor blood. Specifically designed to detect recently infected individuals during the latency period before seroconversion. nucleic acid amplification test NAAT Any of various amplification and detection strategies applied to detection of virus contamination in donor blood. Specifically designed to detect recently infected individuals during the latency period before seroconversion. NCIT:C20055 A type of nucleic acid amplification test in which sample DNA is exposed to a single temperature in the presence of multiple sets of primers and a polymerase with replication and high strand displacement activity. This test negates the need for thermal cyclers and may be a low cost alternative to PCR. 2020-04-02T21:43:07Z NCIT:C102661 loop-mediated isothermal amplification test A type of nucleic acid amplification test in which sample DNA is exposed to a single temperature in the presence of multiple sets of primers and a polymerase with replication and high strand displacement activity. This test negates the need for thermal cyclers and may be a low cost alternative to PCR. NCIT:C102661 A technique that detects a particular DNA sequence in order to identify a pathogen (organism or virus) in blood, tissue, urine, or other bodily fluids. 2020-04-03T00:29:00Z DNA detection test DNA detection kit clinical DNA detection test A technique that detects a particular RNA sequence in order to identify a pathogen (organism or virus) in blood, tissue, urine, or other bodily fluids. 2020-04-03T00:30:09Z RNA detection test RNA detection kit clinical RNA detection test A clinical assay that amplifies and quantifies a specific DNA molecule based on in tissue, blood, sputum, urine, or any other bodily fluid to detect the presence of a pathogen. It enables both detection and quantification of one or more specific sequences in a DNA sample. 2020-04-03T00:38:02Z NCIT:C51962 OBI:0000893 clinical qPCR test clinical real-time RT-PCR real-time PCR for clinical use clinical real-time PCR test A method to measure very small amounts of RNA transcripts as cDNA targets from tissue, blood, sputum or other body fluids. 2020-04-03T00:47:00Z NCIT:C28408 OBI:0000911 clinical quantitative RT-PCR test clinical quantitative reverse transcription PCR test A procedure producing an image on a radiosensitive surface by x-ray radiation that has penetrated and passed through a structure in order to diagnose or treat a patient. 2020-04-07T15:49:43Z NCIT:C38101 NCIT:C60727 X-ray imaging procedure radiogram imaging procedure radiographic imaging procedure radiographic procedure radiography radiography imaging procedure radiograph imaging procedure The process of taking a thorough history and physical exam to determine if a patient has been exposed to an infectious disease. Close attention is paid to travel history, environmental exposures, and vaccination history. 2020-04-07T18:27:36Z infectious disease screening The administration of oxygen to an individual, usually to aid in respiration by means of a mask. 2020-04-07T19:00:52Z oxygen support therapy with mask supplemental oxygen therapy with mask The administration of oxygen to an individual, usually to aid in respiration by means of a nasal cannula. 2020-04-07T19:01:10Z oxygen support therapy with nasal cannula supplemental oxygen therapy with nasal cannula Therapy using a substance used in the treatment of hypotension. A vasopressor agent increases reduced blood pressure. 2020-04-07T19:23:15Z CHEBI:137431 NCIT:C126567 antihypotensive agent drug therapy antihypotensive agent therapy treatment with antihypotensive agent treatment with antihypotensive drug treatment with antihypotensive medication treatment with vasopressor agent treatment with vasopressor medication vasopressor support therapy vasopressor agent therapy Treatments that substitute for the blood-filtering function of the kidneys. 2020-04-07T19:42:23Z MeSH:D017582 NCIT:C126400 RRT kidney replacement therapy It includes dialysis (hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis), hemofiltration, and hemodiafiltration. Kidney transplant may also be considered a renal replacement therapy. renal replacement therapy RRT A procedure to remove toxic substances from the blood that is used in patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease or acute kidney failure. This includes hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. 2020-04-07T19:57:22Z NCIT:C15221 dialysis renal dialysis A therapeutic procedure used in patients with kidney failure. It involves the extracorporeal removal of harmful wastes and fluids from the blood using a dialysis machine. Following the dialysis, the blood is returned to the body. 2020-04-07T20:03:50Z NCIT:C15248 hemodialysis A therapeutic procedure used in patients with kidney failure. It involves the extracorporeal removal of harmful wastes and fluids from the blood using a dialysis machine. Following the dialysis, the blood is returned to the body. NCIT:C15248 A form of dialysis that uses the peritoneum as a membrane across which the infused diasylate exchanges nutrients for waste products that are removed when the fluid is exchanged. 2020-04-07T20:04:03Z NCIT:C15297 peritoneal dialysis A form of dialysis that uses the peritoneum as a membrane across which the infused diasylate exchanges nutrients for waste products that are removed when the fluid is exchanged. NCIT:C15297 A laboratory procedure that tests the function of an endocrine organ and measures the amount of a hormone present in a sample. 2020-04-07T20:40:24Z NCIT:C74971 endocrine test A laboratory procedure that tests the function of an endocrine organ and measures the amount of a hormone present in a sample. NCIT:C74971 A term that refers to a chemistry test measuring a specific protein or enzyme in the peripheral blood or body fluid. 2020-04-07T20:51:38Z NCIT:C64430 enzyme measurement protein measurement A term that refers to a chemistry test measuring a specific protein or enzyme in the peripheral blood or body fluid. NCIT:C64430 The determination of the amount of the procalcitonin in a sample. 2020-04-07T21:30:45Z NCIT:C103430 procalcitonin level measurement procalcitonin level test procalcitonin test A substance produced in response to bacterial infections and tissue injury. procalcitonin measurement The determination of the amount of the procalcitonin in a sample. NCIT:C103430 A quantification of a fibrin degradation product in blood used in the diagnosis of thrombosis. 2020-04-07T21:37:45Z NCIT:C82621 D dimer level test fibrin degradation fragment test fragment D-dimer test D-dimer measurement A quantitative measurement of the amount of phosphate present in a sample of serum. 2020-04-07T21:53:04Z NCIT:C61028 serum phosphorus measurement serum phosphate measurement A quantitative measurement of the amount of phosphate present in a sample of serum. NCIT:C61028 Testing blood serum for the presence of specifc antibody or antibodies to a specific antigen. Often used when an infection is suspected. 2020-04-08T14:34:24Z serology assay serology test A highly sensitive technique for detecting and measuring antigens or antibodies in a solution; the solution is run over a surface to which immobilized antibodies specific to the substance have been attached, and if the substance is present, it will bind to the antibody layer, and its presence is verified and visualized with an application of antibodies that have been tagged in some way. 2020-04-08T14:51:34Z NCIT:C16553 OBI:0000661 enzyme linked immunosorbent assay enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ELISA A highly sensitive technique for detecting and measuring antigens or antibodies in a solution; the solution is run over a surface to which immobilized antibodies specific to the substance have been attached, and if the substance is present, it will bind to the antibody layer, and its presence is verified and visualized with an application of antibodies that have been tagged in some way. NCIT:C16553 A type of lateral flow assay that qualitatively detecst IgG and IgM antibodies of an infectious disease within human serum, plasma or whole blood in vitro. 2020-04-08T15:03:41Z rapid IgM-IgG test rapid IgM-IgG combined antibody test The lateral flow assay (LFA) is a paper-based platform for the detection and quantification of analytes in complex mixtures, where the sample is placed on a test device. 2020-04-08T15:06:47Z LFA lateral flow immuno assay lateral flow immunoassay lateral flow assays The lateral flow assay (LFA) is a paper-based platform for the detection and quantification of analytes in complex mixtures, where the sample is placed on a test device. PMID:27365041 LFA Any of several immunoassay methods that use an enzyme covalently linked to an antigen or antibody as a label and are typically used for diagnostics or disease progression. 2020-04-08T15:17:14Z NCIT:C17455 clinical immunoassay 2020-04-08T15:46:23Z immunofluorescence assays A technique for analyzing or identifying proteins immobilized on a filter by complementary reaction with specific antibodies. 2020-04-08T15:46:38Z NCIT:C17638 OBI:0001978 Western blot assay immunoblot assay A technique for analyzing or identifying proteins immobilized on a filter by complementary reaction with specific antibodies. NCIT:C17638 The measurement of the ratio of oxygenated hemoglobin to total hemoglobin in the blood. 2020-04-08T18:45:55Z NCIT:C60832 oxygen saturation measurement The measurement of the ratio of oxygenated hemoglobin to total hemoglobin in the blood. NCIT:C60832 A non-invasive method that provides estimates of arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation by utilizing selected wavelengths of light to determine the saturation of oxyhemoglobin. 2020-04-08T18:54:34Z NCIT:C38085 pulse ox measurement pulse oximetry A non-invasive method that provides estimates of arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation by utilizing selected wavelengths of light to determine the saturation of oxyhemoglobin. NCIT:C38085 A therapy of replenishing bodily fluid throughseating, bleeding, fluid shifts or other pathological processes, such as sepsis. 2020-04-08T19:29:53Z fluid resuscitation therapy fluid replacement therapy Prone positioning improves ventilation-perfusion matching (transferring delivered oxygen into the bloodstream more efficiently) and keeps alveolar units open and evenly distributed at end-expiration (improving gas exchange and preventing ventilator-induced lung injury). 2020-04-08T19:45:40Z ventilation with proning Prone positioning improves ventilation-perfusion matching (transferring delivered oxygen into the bloodstream more efficiently) and keeps alveolar units open and evenly distributed at end-expiration (improving gas exchange and preventing ventilator-induced lung injury). https://pulmccm.org/ards-review/prone-positioning-ards-ats-sccm/ A procedure of surgical placement of a catheter, which lumen is usually occupied by a trocar, into the central vein (internal jugular, subclavian, and femoral often used) or veins, to provide vascular access for measurement of hemodynamic variables that cannot be measured accurately by noninvasive means. It also can be used to deliver medications that were too potent or too toxic to be administered through peripheral access, for parenteral nutrition delivery; and for placing wires and pulmonary artery catheters. Central veins are usually cannulated percutaneously. The procedure is associated with many adverse events and has to be performed or supervised by an experienced physician. 2020-04-08T20:12:41Z NCIT:C40972 central line insertion central line placement central venous access catheter insertion central venous line insertion cvc insertion central venous cannula insertion A procedure of surgical placement of a catheter, which lumen is usually occupied by a trocar, into the central vein (internal jugular, subclavian, and femoral often used) or veins, to provide vascular access for measurement of hemodynamic variables that cannot be measured accurately by noninvasive means. It also can be used to deliver medications that were too potent or too toxic to be administered through peripheral access, for parenteral nutrition delivery; and for placing wires and pulmonary artery catheters. Central veins are usually cannulated percutaneously. The procedure is associated with many adverse events and has to be performed or supervised by an experienced physician. NCIT:C40972 A thin catheter inserted into an artery to monitor blood pressure directly and obtain blood samples. 2020-04-08T20:20:40Z a-line insertion art-line placement arterial line placement arterial catheter line insertion Allows delivery of positive-pressure ventilation with a tight-fitting nasal or facial mask that is attached to a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or a bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) machine. 2020-04-27T20:57:00Z NIPPV non-invasive positive pressure ventilation noninvasive positve-pressure ventilation NIPPV Nutrition intervention for nutrition counseling is a supportive process, characterized by a collaborative counselor–patient/client relationship to establish food, nutrition and physical activity priorities, goals, and individualized action plans that acknowledge and foster responsibility for self-care to treat an existing condition and promote health. 2020-04-28T16:03:29Z http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7463-6306 dietary counseling nutritional counseling nutrition counseling Nutrition intervention for nutrition counseling is a supportive process, characterized by a collaborative counselor–patient/client relationship to establish food, nutrition and physical activity priorities, goals, and individualized action plans that acknowledge and foster responsibility for self-care to treat an existing condition and promote health. Reference: Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Nutrition Terminology Reference Manual (eNCPT): Dietetics Language for Nutrition Care 2014, Nutrition Intervention/Terms and Definitions/Nutrition Counseling (C), page-064, http://ncpt.webauthor.com An in-depth evaluation of an individual's food and nutrient intake, lifestyle, and medical history designed to help the individual either maintain their health status or attain a healthier status. 2020-04-28T16:12:44Z NCIT:C15286 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7463-6306 dietary assessment nutritional assessment nutrition assessment An in-depth evaluation of an individual's food and nutrient intake, lifestyle, and medical history designed to help the individual either maintain their health status or attain a healthier status. NCIT:C15286 A therapy utilizing an inhaled substance that produces loss of consciousness. 2020-05-26T16:13:05Z anesthetic gas therapy gas anesthetic drug therapy inhalation anaesthetic drug therapy inhalation anaesthetic medication therapy inhalation anaesthetic therapy inhalation anesthesia treatment inhalation anesthetic drug therapy inhalation anesthetic medication therapy inhalation anesthetic treatment inhalation anesthetic utilization inhalation anesthetic therapy A therapy utilizing an intravenous substance that produces loss of consciousness. 2020-05-26T18:19:32Z IV anaesthetic agent therapy IV anesthetic agent therapy i.v. anesthetic agent therapy i.v. anesthetic drug therapy i.v. anesthetic drug treatment i.v. anesthetic medication therapy intravenous anaesthetic agent therapy intravenous anesthesia treatment intravenous anesthetic drug therapy intravenous anesthetic medication therapy intravenous anesthetic agent therapy A superficial loss of sensation in conjunctiva, mucous membranes, or skin, produced by direct application of local anesthetic solutions, ointments, gels or sprays. 2020-05-26T18:25:03Z topical anaesthetic agent therapy topical anaesthetic drug treatment topical anesthesia treatment topical anesthetic drug therapy topical anesthetic medication treatment topical anesthetic agent therapy A superficial loss of sensation in conjunctiva, mucous membranes, or skin, produced by direct application of local anesthetic solutions, ointments, gels or sprays. PMID:26702198 Use of an agent that modulates the physiologic angiogenesis process. 2020-05-26T19:04:03Z CHEBI:50926 angiogenesis modulating drug treatment angiogenesis modulating medication therapy angiogenesis modulating agent therapy Use of an agent that induces or stimulates the physiologic angiogenesis process. 2020-05-26T19:05:59Z CHEBI:50927 angiogenesis inducing drug treatment angiogenesis inducing medication therapy angiogenesis inducing agent therapy Use of a compound that promotes the growth of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels. 2020-05-26T19:22:45Z CHEBI:72571 pro-angiogenic drug treatment pro-angiogenic medication therapy pro-angiogenic medication treatment proangiogenic agent therapy pro-angiogenic agent therapy A therapy used to neutralise stomach acidity. 2020-05-26T19:41:56Z CHEBI:65265 antacid drug therapy antacid medication therapy antacid agent therapy A therapy used to treat or ameliorate peptic ulcer or irritation of the gastrointestinal tract. 2020-05-26T20:00:43Z CHEBI:49201 anti-ulcer drug therapy anti-ulcer medication treatment treatment with anti-ulcer agent treatment with anti-ulcer medication anti-ulcer agent therapy Treatment of allergic reactions with medications. 2020-05-26T20:23:47Z CHEBI:50857 allergy drug therapy allergy drug treatment allergy medication therapy anti-allergic agent therapy anti-allergic drug therapy anti-allergic drug treatment anti-allergic medication therapy anti-allergic medication treatment treatment with allergy medication treatment with an allergy drug allergy agent therapy Usage of a drug to treat asthma. 2020-05-26T20:37:22Z CHEBI:49167 anti-asthma drug therapy anti-asthma drug treatment asthma medication therapy drug treatment of asthma anti-asthmatic agent therapy Treatment with a drug which acts to reduce estrogenic activity in the body, either by reducing the amount of estrogen or by reducing the activity of whatever estrogen is present. 2020-05-26T21:17:28Z CHEBI:50739 CHEBI:50751 anti estrogen agent therapy anti-estrogen drug therapy anti-estrogen medication treatment anti-oestrogen agent therapy treatment with anti-estrogen agent treatment with anti-estrogen drug treatment with anti-estrogen medication treatment with anti-oestrogen medication treatment with antiestrogen medication treatment with antioestrogen medication anti-estrogen agent therapy Use of a compound which can be used to treat or alleviate the symptoms of dyskinesia. 2020-05-27T14:13:29Z CHEBI:66956 anti-dyskinesia drug therapy anti-dyskinesia medication therapy anti-dyskinetic drug therapy anti-dyskinetic medication therapy antidyskinesia agent therapy antidyskinesia drug therapy antidyskinetic drug therapy antidyskinetic medication therapy treatment with a anti-dyskinesia drug treatment with a anti-dyskinesia medication treatment with a anti-dyskinetic drug treatment with a anti-dyskinetic medication treatment with a antidyskinesia drug treatment with a antidyskinesia medication treatment with a antidyskinetic drug treatment with a antidyskinetic medication anti-dyskinesia agent therapy Treatment with an antiviral agent that destroys or inhibits the replication of the herpes simplex virus. 2020-05-28T13:49:36Z CHEBI:64952 Treatment of HSV with drug Treatment of HSV with medication Treatment of herpes simplex virus with medication Treatment with anti-HSV drug Treatment with anti-HSV medication Treatment with anti-herpes simplex virus drug Treatment with anti-herpes simplex virus medication anti-HSV drug therapy anti-HSV drug treatment anti-HSV medication therapy anti-herpes simplex virus agent therapy anti-herpes simplex virus drug therapy anti-herpes simplex virus drug treatment anti-herpes simplex virus medication therapy anti-HSV agent therapy Treatment with an antiviral agent that destroys or inhibits the replication of the herpes simplex virus-1. 2020-05-28T14:07:27Z CHEBI:64953 anti-herpes simplex virus 1 drug therapy anti-herpes simplex virus 1 medication treatment treatment for HSV-1 with medication treatment with anti-HSV-1 drug treatment with anti-HSV-1 medication anti-HSV-1 agent therapy Treatment with an antiviral agent that destroys or inhibits the replication of the herpes simplex virus-2. 2020-05-28T14:07:27Z 2020-05-28T14:20:29Z CHEBI:64954 anti-herpes simplex virus 2 drug therapy anti-herpes simplex virus 2 medication treatment treatment for HSV-2 with medication treatment with anti-HSV-2 drug treatment with anti-HSV-2 medication anti-HSV-2 agent therapy Use of a natural or synthetic analogue of the hormones secreted by the adrenal gland as a type of anti-inflammatory treatment. 2020-05-28T15:10:35Z CHEBI:50858 corticosteroid treatment treatment with corticosteroid agent treatment with corticosteroid drug treatment with corticosteroid medication treatment with corticosteroid therapy corticosteroid injection treatment oral corticosteroid drug treatment corticosteroid agent therapy Treatment to induce vomiting and nausea usually administered in emergency situations after ingestion of a toxin. 2020-05-28T18:31:36Z CHEBI:149552 emetic drug therapy emetic medication therapy treatment with an emetic drug treatment with an emetic medication treatment with an emetic therapy emetic agent therapy Treatment with a drug to alleviate rheumatiod arthritis and its symptoms. 2020-05-28T18:46:29Z CHEBI:35842 anti-rheumatic agent therapy anti-rheumatic drug therapy anti-rheumatic medication therapy antirheumatic drug therapy antirheumatic drug treatment antirheumatic medication therapy treatment with anti-rheumatic agent treatment with anti-rheumatic drug treatment with anti-rheumatic medication treatment with antirheumatic agent treatment with antirheumatic drug treatment with antirheumatic medication antirheumatic agent therapy 2020-05-28T19:11:27Z CHEBI:52206 molecular pathway modifying agent therapy Use of an inhibitor that interferes with the action of enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which helps breaking down of acetylcholine into choline and acetic acid 2020-05-28T19:16:31Z AChE inhibitor drug treatment AChE inhibitor medication treatment acetylcholinesterase inhibitor agent therapy acetylcholinesterase inhibitor drug therapy acetylcholinesterase inhibitor therapy Treatment that uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. Chemotherapy may be given by mouth, injection, or infusion, or on the skin, depending on the type and stage of the cancer being treated. It may be given alone or with other treatments, such as surgery, radiation therapy, or biologic therapy. 2020-05-29T20:29:34Z anti-neoplastic chemotherapy antineoplastic chemotherapy NCRO:0000233 cancer chemotherapeutic agent treatment cytotoxic antineoplastic agent therapy cytotoxic antineoplastic medication therapy cytotoxic cancer treatment treatment with cancer chemotherapeutic agent treatment with cancer chemotherapeutic drug treatment with cancer chemotherapeutic medication Although this term is used to describe any therapy involving the use of chemical-based agents, it is particularly used to refer to the use of chemical-based agents to treat cancer. Antineoplastic chemotherapy works by arresting or killing the growth and spread of cancer cells. Chemotherapy may also include agents that enhance immune function or alter hormonal activity. cancer chemotherapy Treatment that uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. Chemotherapy may be given by mouth, injection, or infusion, or on the skin, depending on the type and stage of the cancer being treated. It may be given alone or with other treatments, such as surgery, radiation therapy, or biologic therapy. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/chemotherapy Although this term is used to describe any therapy involving the use of chemical-based agents, it is particularly used to refer to the use of chemical-based agents to treat cancer. Antineoplastic chemotherapy works by arresting or killing the growth and spread of cancer cells. Chemotherapy may also include agents that enhance immune function or alter hormonal activity. NCIT:C15632 The use of synthetic or naturally-occurring chemicals for the treatment of diseases. 2020-06-02T13:10:41Z NCIT:C15632 OGMS:0000113 chemotherapeutic agent treatment chemotherapeutic drug treatment treatment with a chemotherapeutic agent treatment with a chemotherapeutic drug treatment with a chemotherapeutic medication Although this term is used to describe any therapy involving the use of chemical-based agents, it is particularly used to refer to the use of chemical-based agents to treat cancer. Antineoplastic chemotherapy works by arresting or killing the growth and spread of cancer cells. Chemotherapy may also include agents that enhance immune function or alter hormonal activity. chemotherapy The use of synthetic or naturally-occurring chemicals for the treatment of diseases. NCIT:C15632 Although this term is used to describe any therapy involving the use of chemical-based agents, it is particularly used to refer to the use of chemical-based agents to treat cancer. Antineoplastic chemotherapy works by arresting or killing the growth and spread of cancer cells. Chemotherapy may also include agents that enhance immune function or alter hormonal activity. NCIT:C15632 A therapy using a compound or agent that combines with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction. 2020-06-02T18:44:24Z CHEBI:23924 enzyme inhibitor drug treatment enzyme inhibitor medication treatment treatment with enzyme inhibitor agent treatment with enzyme inhibitor drug treatment with enzyme inhibitor medication treatment with enzyme inhibitor therapy enzyme inhibitor agent therapy Use of a drug which increases blood glucose level. 2020-06-02T20:39:40Z CHEBI:76916 treatment with hyperglycemic agent treatment with hyperglycemic drug treatment with hyperglycemic medication hyperglycemic agent therapy Treatment with a cardiovascular drug that prevents atherogenesis, the accumulation of lipid-containing plaques on the innermost layers of the arteries. 2020-06-03T14:37:54Z CHEBI:50855 antiatherogenic drug therapy treatment with anti-atherogenic agent treatment with anti-atherogenic drug treatment with anti-atherogenic medication treatment with anti-atherogenic therapy treatment with antiatherogenic agent treatment with antiatherogenic drug treatment with antiatherogenic medication antiatherogenic agent therapy Treatment with a cardiovascular drug that prevents atherosclerosis,a disease in which the inside of an artery narrows due to the build up of plaque. 2020-06-03T14:51:06Z CHEBI:145947 antiatherosclerotic drug therapy treatment with anti-atherosclerosis drug treatment with anti-atherosclerosis medication treatment with anti-atherosclerosis therapy treatment with anti-atherosclerotic agent treatment with anti-atherosclerotic drug treatment with anti-atherosclerotic medication treatment with antiatherosclerotic agent treatment with antiatherosclerotic drug treatment with antiatherosclerotic medication antiatherosclerotic agent therapy Use of a drug that inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Inhibition of ACE results in a reduction in angiotensin II and angiotensin II-induced aldosterone secretion, causing vasodilation and natriuresis. 2020-06-04T17:31:19Z CHEBI:147289 NCIT:C247 Treatment with ACE inhibitor Treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy ACE inhibitor therapy Treatment with a class of agents that act by selectively inhibiting angiotensin II receptor activation in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. 2020-06-04T17:31:52Z CHEBI:61016 NCIT:C66930 ARB therapy treatment with ARB treatment with angiotensin II receptor antagonist treatment with angiotensin II receptor blocker A pharmaceutical agent that selectively inhibits angiotensin II receptor activation in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system reducing production and secretion of aldosterone, amongst other actions. The combined effects result in reduction of blood pressure. It is primarily used for the reduction of proteinuria and the treatment of hypertension in cases where the patient is intolerant of ACE inhibitor therapy. Angiotensin II receptor antagonists bind to and block the activation of angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptors, thereby reducing production and secretion of aldosterone, amongst other actions. The combined effects result in reduction of blood pressure. Although this class of agents is also used in diabetic nephropathy (kidney damage due to diabetes) and congestive heart failure, it is primarily used for the treatment of hypertension in cases where the patient is intolerant of ACE inhibitor therapy. angiotensin-receptor blocker therapy A pharmaceutical agent that selectively inhibits angiotensin II receptor activation in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system reducing production and secretion of aldosterone, amongst other actions. The combined effects result in reduction of blood pressure. It is primarily used for the reduction of proteinuria and the treatment of hypertension in cases where the patient is intolerant of ACE inhibitor therapy. NCIT:C66930 Angiotensin II receptor antagonists bind to and block the activation of angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptors, thereby reducing production and secretion of aldosterone, amongst other actions. The combined effects result in reduction of blood pressure. Although this class of agents is also used in diabetic nephropathy (kidney damage due to diabetes) and congestive heart failure, it is primarily used for the treatment of hypertension in cases where the patient is intolerant of ACE inhibitor therapy. NCIT:C66930 2020-06-04T17:32:06Z Treatment with a group of pharmaceutical drugs used primarily in treatment of essential hypertension. These drugs inhibit the first and rate-limiting step of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, namely the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I. renin inhibitor therapy Use of a drug that inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 1, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. 2020-06-04T18:03:38Z CHEBI:35457 Treatment with ACE-1 inhibitor Treatment with ACE1 inhibitor angiotensin-converting enzyme-1 inhibitor therapy peptidyl-dipeptidase A inhibitor therapy treatment with angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor ACE 1 inhibitor therapy Use of a drug that inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 2, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. 2020-06-04T18:17:34Z Treatment with ACE-2 inhibitor angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 inhibitor therapy angiotensin-converting enzyme2 inhibitor therapy treatment with EC 3.4.17.23 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) inhibitor treatment with hACE2 inhibitor ACE 2 inhibitor therapy Use of a drug that selectively binds to and inhibits metabotropic glutamate receptors. 2020-06-05T20:18:05Z CHEBI:63963 treatment with mGluR antagonist treatment with metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist treatment with metabotropic glutamate receptor blockade treatment with metabotropic glutamate receptor blocker metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist therapy Use of a drug that modulates the action of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. 2020-06-08T17:47:39Z Treatment with NMDA receptor modulator NMDA receptor modulator agent therapy 2020-06-08T17:48:19Z AMPA-targeting agent therapy Use of a drug that selectively binds to and regulates metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR). 2020-06-08T17:48:54Z treatment with mGluR modulator treatment with metabotropic glutamate receptor modulator metabotropic glutamate receptor–targeting agent therapy Use of a drug that activates the action of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. 2020-06-08T18:14:26Z CHEBI:64571 treatment with NMDA receptor agonist NMDA receptor agonist therapy Use of a drug that selectively binds to and activates AMPA receptors. 2020-06-09T13:52:30Z CHEBI:64102 Treatment with AMPA receptor agonist AMPA receptor agonist therapy Use of a drug that selectively binds to and inhibits AMPA receptors. 2020-06-09T13:52:48Z CHEBI:71014 Treatment with AMPA receptor antagonist Treatment with AMPA receptor blockade Treatment with AMPA receptor blocker AMPA receptor antagonist therapy 2020-06-09T15:32:19Z CHEBI:55323 antidiarrhoeal agent therapy treatment with antidiarrheal agent treatment with antidiarrheal medication antidiarrheal agent therapy A type of MRI that takes a series of images of an organ in quick succession and statistically analyzes the differences between the images. 2019-04-26T20:04:29Z NCIT:C17958 Functional MRI fMRI functional magnetic resonance imaging procedure A type of MRI that takes a series of images of an organ in quick succession and statistically analyzes the differences between the images. NCIT:C17958 Functional MRI fMRI Gene therapy involves the use of nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) for the treatment, cure or prevention of human disorders. 2019-05-07T16:28:50Z NCIT:C15238 SCDO:0001344 DNA therapy gene therapies gene transfer procedure genetic therapy gene therapy Gene therapy involves the use of nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) for the treatment, cure or prevention of human disorders. PMID:24106209 The goal of immunotherapy is to induce anti-disease (usually tumor) responses by reprogramming and augmenting immune surveillance, and reducing immune suppression. 2019-05-07T16:32:45Z NCIT:C15262 OGMS:0000114 immune therapy immunologically directed therapy immunotherapy procedure The goal of immunotherapy is to induce anti-disease (usually tumor) responses by reprogramming and augmenting immune surveillance, and reducing immune suppression. PMID:29242097 2019-05-15T16:33:57Z alcohol deterrent drug treatment alcohol deterrent agent therapy 2019-05-15T16:44:49Z smoking cessation drug treatment smoking cessation agent therapy An agent that binds to but does not activate an opioid receptor thereby blocking the actions of endogenous or exogenous opioid receptor agonists. 2019-05-15T16:45:09Z CHEBI:60605 NCIT:C681 opiate antagonist agent therapy opioid antagonist drug treatment opioid antagonist agent therapy An agent that binds to but does not activate an opioid receptor thereby blocking the actions of endogenous or exogenous opioid receptor agonists. CHEBI:60605 The determination of the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets in a blood sample. 2019-05-16T18:09:14Z NCIT:C28133 CBC complete blood count full blood count blood cell count The determination of the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets in a blood sample. NCIT:C28133 CBC The determination of the number of erythrocytes in a blood sample. 2019-05-16T18:18:55Z NCIT:C51946 RBC red blood cell count red cell count erythrocyte count The determination of the number of erythrocytes in a blood sample. NCIT:C51946 RBC The determination of the number of platelets in a blood sample, usually expressed as platelets per cubic millimeter (cmm) of whole blood. 2019-05-16T18:20:55Z NCIT:C51951 thrombocyte count platelet count The determination of the number of platelets in a blood sample, usually expressed as platelets per cubic millimeter (cmm) of whole blood. NCIT:C51951 2019-05-16T18:24:56Z A test to determine the number of neutrophils in a sample of blood. neutrophil count A test to determine the number of leukocytes in a sample of blood. 2019-05-16T18:25:40Z NCIT:C51948 WBC white blood cell count leukocyte count A test to determine the number of leukocytes in a sample of blood. NCIT:C51948 WBC 2019-06-12T14:22:47Z medical action avoidance Avoid the administration or use of aerobic exercise therapy. 2019-05-19T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 avoid aerobic exercise therapy avoiding aerobic exercise therapy aerobic exercise therapy avoidance Inoculating an individual with either killed or live agents to prevent contraction of a disease. 2019-06-14T15:47:12Z EFO:0004292 IDOMAL:0001040 NCIT:C15258 VO:0000002 vaccination Inoculating an individual with either killed or live agents to prevent contraction of a disease. NCIT:C15258 Nutrition intake is the process of taking in of nutrients, especially by eating or drinking, considered in relation to the body’s dietary needs. 2019-07-23T18:14:54Z nutrient consumption nutrient intake nutrition consumption nutritional intake take nourishment dietary intake eating food consumption food intake ingesting nutrition intake Nutrition intake is the process of taking in of nutrients, especially by eating or drinking, considered in relation to the body’s dietary needs. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 A vitamin enriched supplement containing higher doses for specific nutrients such as folic acid, intended for women before, during and after pregnancy and also during their lactating phase. 2019-07-23T19:56:32Z NCIT:C92860 antenatal supplements antenatal vitamin supplements antenatal vitamins prenatal supplements prenatal vitamin supplements prenatal vitamin A vitamin enriched supplement containing higher doses for specific nutrients such as folic acid, intended for women before, during and after pregnancy and also during their lactating phase. NCIT:C92860 A therapy utilizing a substance that produces loss of consciousness. 2019-07-24T15:53:13Z CHEBI:38869 general anaesthetic agents therapy general anaesthetic medication therapy general anaesthetics therapy general anesthesia therapy general anesthesia treatment general anesthetic medication therapy general anesthetics therapy general anesthetic agent therapy Use of a drug or therapy to treat or prevent microbial infections. 2019-07-24T16:13:47Z CHEBI:36043 antimicrobial drug therapy antimicrobial drug treatment antimicrobial treatment treatment with an anti-microbial agent treatment with an anti-microbial drug treatment with an anti-microbial medication treatment with an antimicrobial agent treatment with an antimicrobial drug treatment with an antimicrobial medication antimicrobial agent therapy A loosely defined grouping of drugs that have effects on psychological function. 2019-07-24T19:33:44Z CHEBI:35471 psychoactive agent therapy psychoactive drug treatment psychopharmaceutical therapy psychotropic agent drug therapy psychotropic drug treatment treatment with psychotropic drug psychotropic agent therapy A loosely defined grouping of drugs that have effects on psychological function. CHEBI:35471 Treatment with a traditional grouping of drugs said to have a soothing or calming effect on mood, thought or behaviour. 2019-07-24T19:39:15Z CHEBI:35473 ataractic agents tranquilisers tranquilising agents tranquilising drug tranquilizers tranquilizing agent tranquilizing drug tranquilizing drugs tranquilizing agent therapy Therapy using any agent that acts on an adrenergic receptor or affects adrenergic signal transduction. 2019-07-25T14:32:48Z CHEBI:37962 NCIT:C29747 adrenergic agent drug treatment adrenergic drug therapy treatment with adrenergic agent treatment with adrenergic drug treatment with adrenergic medication adrenergic agent therapy An agent that selectively binds to and activates beta-adrenergic receptors. 2019-07-25T14:42:00Z CHEBI:35522 b-adrenergic agonist b-adrenergic receptor agonist beta adrenergic receptor agonist beta-adrenergic agonist beta-adrenergic agonist agent beta-adrenergic agonist drugs beta-adrenergic agonists beta-adrenergic receptor agonist drugs beta-adrenergic receptor agonist beta-adrenoceptor agonists treatment with beta-adrenergic agonist treatment with beta-adrenergic agonist agent treatment with beta-adrenergic agonist drug treatment with beta-adrenergic agonist medication beta-adrenergic agonist agent therapy An agent that selectively binds to and activates beta-adrenergic receptors. CHEBI:35522 The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of gland. 2019-07-12T14:23:27Z 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 gland surgical removal adenectomy avoided excessive intake of food The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of pharyngeal tonsil. 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 NCIT:C51697 adenoid removal pharyngeal tonsil surgical removal removal of adenoids removal of nasopharyngeal tonsil removal of tonsil of Luschka removal of tonsilla pharyngealis adenoidectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of adrenal gland. 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 adrenal gland surgical removal adrenalectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of tooth root. 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 tooth root surgical removal apicoectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of vermiform appendix. 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 NCIT:C51687 appendicectomy appendix removal removal of appendix vermiform appendix surgical removal appendectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of skeletal joint. 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 removal of a joint skeletal joint surgical removal arthectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of ear. 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 ear surgical removal auriculectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of synovial bursa. 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 bursa removal removal of bursa synovial bursa surgical removal bursectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of cardia of stomach. 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 cardia of stomach surgical removal cardiectomy cardiectomy of stomach gastric cardiectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of head. 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 decapitation head surgical removal cephalectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of uterine cervix. 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 cervix removal removal of cervix uterine cervix surgical removal cervicectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of gall bladder. 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 NCIT:C51676 gall bladder surgical removal cholecystectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of optic choroid. 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 optic choroid surgical removal removal of choroid layer of they eye choroidectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of clitoris. 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 clitorectomy clitoris surgical removal clitoridectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of colon. 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 NCIT:C15209 colon surgical removal colectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of cranium. 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 NCIT:C51791 cranium surgical removal craniectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of urinary bladder. 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 NCIT:C15217 bladder removal removal of the bladder urinary bladder surgical removal Can mean the removal of the urinary bladder or the surgical removal of a cyst. cystectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of bony vertebral centrum. 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 body of vertebrae removal bony vertebral centrum surgical removal corpus vertebra removal corpus vertebrae removal vertebral body removal vertebrectomy corpectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of intervertebral disk. 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 NCIT:C21009 intervertebral disk surgical removal removal of intervertebral disc removal of spinal disc discectomy 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2962 http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 digestive tract diverticulum surgical removal digestive tract diverticulectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of thyroid diverticulum. 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 thyroid diverticulum surgical removal thyroid diverticulectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of hepatic diverticulum. 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 hepatic diverticulum surgical removal heatic diverticulectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of duodenum. 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 duodenum surgical removal enterectomy small bowel resection duodenectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of sympathetic nerve trunk. 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 sympathetic nerve trunk surgical removal endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of esophagus. 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 esophagus surgical removal oesophagectomy esophagectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of stomach. 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 stomach surgical removal gastrectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of tongue. 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 tongue surgical removal glossectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of gonad. 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 gonad surgical removal gonadectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of liver. 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 liver surgical removal hepatectomy The surgical removal (cutting out) of part or all of pituitary gland. 2020-06-23T20:39:14Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-2961 hypophysis removal pituitary gland surgical removal hypophysectomy